Sample records for action investigation cai

  1. Regulation of the Carnitine Pathway in Escherichia coli: Investigation of the cai-fix Divergent Promoter Region

    PubMed Central

    Buchet, Anne; Eichler, Knut; Mandrand-Berthelot, Marie-Andrée

    1998-01-01

    The divergent structural operons caiTABCDE and fixABCX of Escherichia coli are required for anaerobic carnitine metabolism. Transcriptional monocopy lacZ fusion studies showed that both operons are coexpressed during anaerobic growth in the presence of carnitine, respond to common environmental stimuli (like glucose and nitrate), and are modulated positively by the same general regulators, CRP and FNR, and negatively by H-NS. Overproduction of the CaiF specific regulatory protein mediating the carnitine signal restored induction in an fnr mutant, corresponding to its role as the primary target for anaerobiosis. Transcript analysis identified two divergent transcription start points initiating 289 bp apart. DNase I footprinting revealed three sites with various affinities for the binding of the cAMP-CRP complex inside this regulatory region. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that previously reported perfect CRP motif 1, centered at −41.5 of the cai transcriptional start site, plays a direct role in the sole cai activation. In contrast, mutation in CRP site 2, positioned at −69.5 of the fix promoter, caused only a threefold reduction in fix expression. Thus, the role of the third CRP site, located at −126.5 of fix, might be to reinforce the action of site 2. A critical 50-bp cis-acting sequence overlapping the fix mRNA start site was found, by deletion analysis, to be necessary for cai transcription. This region is thought to be involved in transduction of the signal mediated by the CaiF regulator. PMID:9573142

  2. CAI Update: So You Want to Do CAI?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bagley, Carole

    1979-01-01

    Provides necessary characteristics to consider when selecting a CAI system plus a list of costs and capabilities available with the better known CAI systems. Characteristics of major CAI systems are presented in three categories--large/maxi, mini, and micro systems--in chart form. (JEG)

  3. Microstructural Investigation of a Wark-Lovering Rim on a Vigarano CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Han, J.; Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.; Simon, J. I.

    2015-01-01

    Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multi-layered mineral sequences that surround many CAIs. These rim layers consist of the primary minerals found in the CAI interiors, but vary in their mineralogy. Several models for their origin have been proposed including condensation, reaction with a nebular gas, evaporation, or combinations of these. However, there still is little consensus on how and when the rims formed. Here, we describe the microstructure and mineralogy of a WL rim on a type B CAI from the Vigarano CV(sub red) chondrite using FIB/TEM to better understand the astrophysical significance of WL rim formation.

  4. A risk management approach to CAIS development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hart, Hal; Kerner, Judy; Alden, Tony; Belz, Frank; Tadman, Frank

    1986-01-01

    The proposed DoD standard Common APSE Interface Set (CAIS) was developed as a framework set of interfaces that will support the transportability and interoperability of tools in the support environments of the future. While the current CAIS version is a promising start toward fulfilling those goals and current prototypes provide adequate testbeds for investigations in support of completing specifications for a full CAIS, there are many reasons why the proposed CAIS might fail to become a usable product and the foundation of next-generation (1990'S) project support environments such as NASA's Space Station software support environment. The most critical threats to the viability and acceptance of the CAIS include performance issues (especially in piggybacked implementations), transportability, and security requirements. To make the situation worse, the solution to some of these threats appears to be at conflict with the solutions to others.

  5. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 555: Septic Systems Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0 with Errata

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pastor, Laura

    2005-12-01

    This Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) contains project-specific information including facility descriptions, environmental sample collection objectives, and criteria for conducting site investigation activities at Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 555: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada. This CAIP has been developed in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (FFACO) (1996) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Defense. Corrective Action Unit 555 is located in Areas 1, 3 and 6 of the NTS, which is approximately 65 miles (mi) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada,more » and is comprised of the five corrective action sites (CASs) shown on Figure 1-1 and listed below: (1) CAS 01-59-01, Area 1 Camp Septic System; (2) CAS 03-59-03, Core Handling Building Septic System; (3) CAS 06-20-05, Birdwell Dry Well; (4) CAS 06-59-01, Birdwell Septic System; and (5) CAS 06-59-02, National Cementers Septic System. An FFACO modification was approved on December 14, 2005, to include CAS 06-20-05, Birdwell Dry Well, as part of the scope of CAU 555. The work scope was expanded in this document to include the investigation of CAS 06-20-05. The Corrective Action Investigation (CAI) will include field inspections, radiological surveys, geophysical surveys, sampling of environmental media, analysis of samples, and assessment of investigation results, where appropriate. Data will be obtained to support corrective action alternative evaluations and waste management decisions. The CASs in CAU 555 are being investigated because hazardous and/or radioactive constituents may be present in concentrations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and the environment. Existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective action alternatives for the CASs. Additional information will be generated by conducting a

  6. CAI and Developmental Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson, Rick

    This paper discusses the problems and achievements of computer assisted instruction (CAI) projects at University College, University of Cincinnati. The most intensive use of CAI on campus, the CAI Lab, is part of the Developmental Education Center's effort to serve students who lack mastery of basic college-level skills in mathematics and English.…

  7. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 224: Decon Pad and Septic Systems Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0, with ROTC 1 and 2

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    David A. Strand

    This Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) contains project-specific information including facility descriptions, environmental sample collection objectives, and criteria for conducting site investigation activities at Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 224: Decon Pad and Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada. This CAIP has been developed in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (FFACO) (1996) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The NTS is approximately 65 miles (mi) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada (Figure 1-1). Corrective Action Unit 224 is comprised of themore » nine Corrective Action Sites (CASs) listed below: 02-04-01, Septic Tank (Buried); 03-05-01, Leachfield; 05-04-01, Septic Tanks (4)/Discharge Area; 06-03-01, Sewage Lagoons (3); 06-05-01, Leachfield; 06-17-04, Decon Pad and Wastewater Catch; 06-23-01, Decon Pad Discharge Piping; 11-04-01, Sewage Lagoon; and 23-05-02, Leachfield. Corrective Action Sites 06-05-01, 06-23-01, and 23-05-02 were identified in the 1991 Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co., Inc. (REECo) inventory (1991). The remaining sites were identified during review of various historical documents. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective action investigation (CAI) prior to evaluating and selecting a corrective action alternative for each CAS. The CAI will include field inspections, radiological and geological surveys, and sample collection. Data will also be obtained to support investigation-derived waste (IDW) disposal and potential future waste management decisions.« less

  8. Copyright and CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kearsley, G.P.; Hunka, S.

    The application of copyright laws to Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is not a simple matter of extending traditional literary practices because of the legal complications introduced by the use of computers to store and reproduce materials. In addition, CAI courseware poses some new problems for the definitions of educational usage. Some…

  9. Corrective Action Decision Document for Corrective Action Unit 563: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grant Evenson

    2008-02-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 563, Septic Systems, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO, 1996; as amended January 2007). The corrective action sites (CASs) for CAU 563 are located in Areas 3 and 12 of the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, and are comprised of the following four sites: •03-04-02, Area 3 Subdock Septic Tank •03-59-05, Area 3 Subdock Cesspool •12-59-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Septic Tanks •12-60-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Outfalls The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document is to identify and provide the rationale for the recommendation of a correctivemore » action alternative (CAA) for the four CASs within CAU 563. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from July 17 through November 19, 2007, as set forth in the CAU 563 Corrective Action Investigation Plan (NNSA/NSO, 2007). Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against appropriate final action levels (FALs) to identify the contaminants of concern (COCs) for each CAS. The results of the CAI identified COCs at one of the four CASs in CAU 563 and required the evaluation of CAAs. Assessment of the data generated from investigation activities conducted at CAU 563 revealed the following: •CASs 03-04-02, 03-59-05, and 12-60-01 do not contain contamination at concentrations exceeding the FALs. •CAS 12-59-01 contains arsenic and chromium contamination above FALs in surface and near-surface soils surrounding a stained location within the site. Based on the evaluation of analytical data from the CAI, review of future and current operations at CAS 12-59-01, and the detailed and comparative analysis of the potential CAAs, the following corrective actions are recommended for CAU 563.« less

  10. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 563: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, with Errata Sheet, Revision 0 (in English; Afrikaans)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alfred Wickline

    Corrective Action Unit 563, Septic Systems, is located in Areas 3 and 12 of the Nevada Test Site, which is 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective Action Unit 563 is comprised of the four corrective action sites (CASs) below: • 03-04-02, Area 3 Subdock Septic Tank • 03-59-05, Area 3 Subdock Cesspool • 12-59-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Septic Tanks • 12-60-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Outfalls These sites are being investigated because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective action alternatives. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective actionmore » investigation (CAI) before evaluating corrective action alternatives and selecting the appropriate corrective action for each CAS. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective action alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective Action Decision Document.« less

  11. Experience with the CAIS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tighe, Michael F.

    1986-01-01

    Intermetrics' experience is that the Ada package construct, which allows separation of specification and implementation allows specification of a CAIS that is transportable across varying hardware and software bases. Additionally, the CAIS is an excellent basis for providing operating system functionality to Ada applications. By allowing the Byron APSE to be moved easily from system to system, and allowing significant re-writes of underlying code. Ada and the CAIS provide portability as well as transparency to change at the application operating system interface level.

  12. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 413: Clean Slate II Plutonium Dispersion (TTR) Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick; Burmeister, Mark; Gallo, Patricia

    Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 413 is located on the Tonopah Test Range, which is approximately 130 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, and approximately 40 miles southeast of Tonopah, Nevada. The CAU 413 site consists of the release of radionuclides to the surface and shallow subsurface from the conduct of the Clean Slate II (CSII) storage–transportation test conducted on May 31, 1963. CAU 413 includes one corrective action site (CAS), TA-23-02CS (Pu Contaminated Soil). The known releases at CAU 413 are the result of the atmospheric deposition of contamination from the 1963 CSII test. The CSII test was a non-nuclearmore » detonation of a nuclear device located inside a reinforced concrete bunker covered with 2 feet of soil. This test dispersed radionuclides, primarily plutonium, on the ground surface. The presence and nature of contamination at CAU 413 will be evaluated based on information collected from a corrective action investigation (CAI). The investigation is based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on June 17, 2015, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; the U.S. Air Force; and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective actions for CAU 413. The CAI will include radiological surveys, geophysical surveys, collection and analyses of soil samples, and assessment of investigation results. The collection of soil samples will be accomplished using both probabilistic and judgmental sampling approaches. To facilitate site investigation and the evaluation of DQO decisions, the releases at CAU 413 have been divided into seven study groups.« less

  13. CAI System Costs: Present and Future.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pressman, Israel; Rosenbloom, Bruce

    1984-01-01

    Discusses costs related to providing computer assisted instruction (CAI), considering hardware, software, user training, maintenance, and installation. Provides an example of the total cost of CAI broken down into these categories, giving an adjusted yearly cost. Projects future trends and costs of CAI as well as cost savings possibilities. (JM)

  14. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada with ROTCs 1, 2, and 3 (Revision 0, September 2000)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Andrews, Robert; Marutzky, Sam

    2000-09-01

    This Corrective Action Investigation Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office's (DOE/NV's) approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate Corrective Action Alternatives (CAAs) appropriate for the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 97 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO). Corrective Action Unit 97, collectively known as the Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU, consists of 720 Corrective Action Sites (CASs). The Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU extends over several areas of the NTS and constitutes one of several areas used for underground nuclear testing in the past. The nuclear tests resulted in groundwater contamination in themore » vicinity as well as downgradient of the underground test areas. Based on site history, the Yucca Flat underground nuclear tests were conducted in alluvial, volcanic, and carbonate rocks; whereas, the Climax Mine tests were conducted in an igneous intrusion located in northern Yucca Flat. Particle-tracking simulations performed during the regional evaluation indicate that the local Climax Mine groundwater flow system merges into the much larger Yucca Flat groundwater flow systems during the 1,000-year time period of interest. Addressing these two areas jointly and simultaneously investigating them as a combined CAU has been determined the best way to proceed with corrective action investigation (CAI) activities. The purpose and scope of the CAI includes characterization activities and model development conducted in five major sequential steps designed to be consistent with FFACO Underground Test Area Project's strategy to predict the location of the contaminant boundary, develop and implement a corrective action, and close each CAU. The results of this field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of CAAs in the subsequent corrective action decision document.« less

  15. Astrophysics of CAI formation as revealed by silicon isotope LA-MC-ICPMS of an igneous CAI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shahar, Anat; Young, Edward D.

    2007-05-01

    Silicon isotope ratios of a typical CAI from the Leoville carbonaceous chondrite, obtained in situ by laser ablation MC-ICPMS, together with existing 25Mg/ 24Mg data, reveal a detailed picture of the astrophysical setting of CAI melting and subsequent heating. Models for the chemical and isotopic effects of evaporation of the molten CAI are used to produce a univariant relationship between PH 2 and time during melting. The result shows that this CAI was molten for a cumulative time of no more than 70 days and probably less than 15 days depending on temperature. The object could have been molten for an integrated time of just a few hours if isotope ratio zoning was eliminated after melting by high subsolidus temperatures (e.g., > 1300 K) for ˜ 500 yr. In all cases subsolidus heating sufficient to produce diffusion-limited isotope fractionation at the margin of the solidified CAI is required. These stable isotope data point to a two-stage history for this igneous CAI involving melting for a cumulative timescale of hours to months followed by subsolidus heating for years to hundreds of years. The thermobarometric history deduced from combining Si and Mg isotope ratio data implicates thermal processing in the disk, perhaps by passage through shockwaves, following melting. This study underscores the direct link between the meaning of stable isotope ratio zoning, or lack thereof, and the inferred astrophysical setting of melting and subsequent processing of CAIs.

  16. An investigative study into the effectiveness of using computer-aided instruction (CAI) as a laboratory component of college-level biology: A case study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barrett, Joan Beverly

    Community colleges serve the most diverse student populations in higher education. They consist of non-traditional, part-time, older, intermittent, and mobile students of different races, ethnic backgrounds, language preferences, physical and mental abilities, and learning style preferences. Students who are academically challenged may have diverse learning characteristics that are not compatible with the more traditional approaches to the delivery of instruction. With this need come new ways of solving the dilemma, such as Computer-aided Instruction (CAI). This case study investigated the use of CAI as a laboratory component of college-level biology in a small, rural community college setting. The intent was to begin to fill a void that seems to exist in the literature regarding the role of the faculty in the development and use of CAI. In particular, the investigator was seeking to understand the practice and its effectiveness, especially in helping the under prepared student. The case study approach was chosen to examine a specific phenomenon within a single institution. Ethnographic techniques, such as interviewing, documentary analysis, life's experiences, and participant observations were used to collect data about the phenomena being studied. Results showed that the faculty was primarily self-motivated and self-taught in their use of CAI as a teaching and learning tool. The importance of faculty leadership and collegiality was evident. Findings showed the faculty confident that expectations of helping students who have difficulties with mathematical concepts have been met and that CAI is becoming the most valuable of learning tools. In a traditional college classroom, or practice, time is the constant (semesters) and competence is the variable. In the CAI laboratory time became the variable and competence the constant. The use of CAI also eliminated hazardous chemicals that were routinely used in the more traditional lab. Outcomes showed that annual savings

  17. Numerical simulation and validation of SI-CAI hybrid combustion in a CAI/HCCI gasoline engine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Xinyan; Xie, Hui; Xie, Liyan; Zhang, Lianfang; Li, Le; Chen, Tao; Zhao, Hua

    2013-02-01

    SI-CAI hybrid combustion, also known as spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI), is a promising concept to extend the operating range of CAI (Controlled Auto-Ignition) and achieve the smooth transition between spark ignition (SI) and CAI in the gasoline engine. In this study, a SI-CAI hybrid combustion model (HCM) has been constructed on the basis of the 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM3Z). An ignition model is included to initiate the ECFM3Z calculation and induce the flame propagation. In order to precisely depict the subsequent auto-ignition process of the unburned fuel and air mixture independently after the initiation of flame propagation, the tabulated chemistry concept is adopted to describe the auto-ignition chemistry. The methodology for extracting tabulated parameters from the chemical kinetics calculations is developed so that both cool flame reactions and main auto-ignition combustion can be well captured under a wider range of thermodynamic conditions. The SI-CAI hybrid combustion model (HCM) is then applied in the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) engine simulation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained from a single cylinder VVA engine. The detailed analysis of the simulations demonstrates that the SI-CAI hybrid combustion process is characterised with the early flame propagation and subsequent multi-site auto-ignition around the main flame front, which is consistent with the optical results reported by other researchers. Besides, the systematic study of the in-cylinder condition reveals the influence mechanism of the early flame propagation on the subsequent auto-ignition.

  18. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 536: Area 3 Release Site, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. 0 / June 2003), Including Record of Technical Change No. 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    This Corrective Action Investigation Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective action alternatives (CAAs) appropriate for the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 536: Area 3 Release Site, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective Action Unit 536 consists of a single Corrective Action Site (CAS): 03-44-02, Steam Jenny Discharge. The CAU 536 site is being investigated because existing information on the nature and extent of possible contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective action alternatives formore » CAS 03-44-02. The additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective action investigation (CAI) prior to evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective action for this CAS. The results of this field investigation are to be used to support a defensible evaluation of corrective action alternatives in the corrective action decision document. Record of Technical Change No. 1 is dated 3-2004.« less

  19. Maxi CAI with a Micro.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerhold, George; And Others

    This paper describes an effective microprocessor-based CAI system which has been repeatedly tested by a large number of students and edited accordingly. Tasks not suitable for microprocessor based systems (authoring, testing, and debugging) were handled on larger multi-terminal systems. This approach requires that the CAI language used on the…

  20. CAI at CSDF: Organizational Strategies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Irwin, Margaret G.

    1982-01-01

    The computer assisted instruction (CAI) program at the California School for the Deaf, at Fremont, features individual Apple computers in classrooms as well as in CAI labs. When the whole class uses computers simultaneously, the teacher can help individuals, identify group weaknesses, note needs of the materials, and help develop additional CAI…

  1. Corrective Action Decision Document/Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 413: Clean Slate II Plutonium Dispersion (TTR) Tonopah Test Range, Nevada. Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    This Corrective Action Decision Document/Corrective Action Plan provides the rationale and supporting information for the selection and implementation of corrective actions at Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 413, Clean Slate II Plutonium Dispersion (TTR). CAU 413 is located on the Tonopah Test Range and includes one corrective action site, TA-23-02CS. CAU 413 consists of the release of radionuclides to the surface and shallow subsurface from the Clean Slate II (CSII) storage–transportation test conducted on May 31, 1963. The CSII test was a non-nuclear detonation of a nuclear device located inside a concrete bunker covered with 2 feet of soil. To facilitatemore » site investigation and the evaluation of data quality objectives decisions, the releases at CAU 413 were divided into seven study groups: 1 Undisturbed Areas 2 Disturbed Areas 3 Sedimentation Areas 4 Former Staging Area 5 Buried Debris 6 Potential Source Material 7 Soil Mounds Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities, as set forth in the CAU 413 Corrective Action Investigation Plan, were performed from June 2015 through May 2016. Radionuclides detected in samples collected during the CAI were used to estimate total effective dose using the Construction Worker exposure scenario. Corrective action was required for areas where total effective dose exceeded, or was assumed to exceed, the radiological final action level (FAL) of 25 millirem per year. The results of the CAI and the assumptions made in the data quality objectives resulted in the following conclusions: The FAL is exceeded in surface soil in SG1, Undisturbed Areas; The FAL is assumed to be exceeded in SG5, Buried Debris, where contaminated debris and soil were buried after the CSII test; The FAL is not exceeded at SG2, SG3, SG4, SG6, or SG7. Because the FAL is exceeded at CAU 413, corrective action is required and corrective action alternatives (CAAs) must be evaluated. For CAU 413, three CAAs were evaluated: no further action, clean

  2. The Screen Display Syntax for CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richards, Boyd F.; Salisbury, David F.

    1987-01-01

    Describes four storyboard techniques frequently used in designing computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs, and explains screen display syntax (SDS), a new technique combining the major advantages of the storyboard techniques. SDS was developed to facilitate communication among designers, programmers, and editors working on a large CAI basic…

  3. CAI: Its Cost and Its Role.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pressman, Israel; Rosenbloom, Bruce

    1984-01-01

    Describes and evaluates costs of hardware, software, training, and maintenance for computer assisted instruction (CAI) as they relate to total system cost. An example of an educational system provides an illustration of CAI cost analysis. Future developments, cost effectiveness, affordability, and applications in public and private environments…

  4. Corrective Action Decision Document/Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 573: Alpha Contaminated Sites Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    CAU 573 comprises the following corrective action sites (CASs): • 05-23-02, GMX Alpha Contaminated Area • 05-45-01, Atmospheric Test Site - Hamilton These two CASs include the release at the Hamilton weapons-related tower test and a series of 29 atmospheric experiments conducted at GMX. The two CASs are located in two distinctly separate areas within Area 5. To facilitate site investigation and data quality objective (DQO) decisions, all identified releases (i.e., CAS components) were organized into study groups. The reporting of investigation results and the evaluation of DQO decisions are at the release level. The corrective action alternatives (CAAs) weremore » evaluated at the FFACO CAS level. The purpose of this CADD/CAP is to evaluate potential CAAs, provide the rationale for the selection of recommended CAAs, and provide the plan for implementation of the recommended CAA for CAU 573. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from January 2015 through November 2015, as set forth in the CAU 573 Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP). Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against appropriate final action levels (FALs) to identify the contaminants of concern. Assessment of the data generated from investigation activities conducted at CAU 573 revealed the following: • Radiological contamination within CAU 573 does not exceed the FALs (based on the Occasional Use Area exposure scenario). • Chemical contamination within CAU 573 does not exceed the FALs. • Potential source material—including lead plates, lead bricks, and lead-shielded cables—was removed during the investigation and requires no additional corrective action.« less

  5. Corrective Action Decision Document for Corrective Action Unit 568. Area 3 Plutonium Dispersion Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document is to identify and provide the rationale for the recommendation of corrective action alternatives (CAAs) for the 14 CASs within CAU 568. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from April 2014 through May 2015, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 568: Area 3 Plutonium Dispersion Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada; and in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan, which establishes requirements, technical planning, and general quality practices. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during themore » DQO process. The CAU 568 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated that the dataset is complete and acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Based on the evaluation of analytical data from the CAI, review of future and current operations at the 14 CASs, and the detailed and comparative analysis of the potential CAAs, the following corrective actions are recommended for CAU 568: • No further action is the preferred corrective action for CASs 03-23-17, 03-23-22, 03-23-26. • Closure in place is the preferred corrective action for CAS 03-23-19; 03-45-01; the SE DCBs at CASs 03-23-20, 03-23-23, 03-23-31, 03-23-32, 03-23-33, and 03-23-34; and the Pascal-BHCA at CAS 03-23-31. • Clean closure is the preferred corrective action for CASs 03-08-04, 03-23-30, and 03-26-04; and the four well head covers at CASs 03-23-20, 03-23-23, 03-23-31, and 03-23-33.« less

  6. Implications of Windowing Techniques for CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heines, Jesse M.; Grinstein, Georges G.

    This paper discusses the use of a technique called windowing in computer assisted instruction to allow independent control of functional areas in complex CAI displays and simultaneous display of output from a running computer program and coordinated instructional material. Two obstacles to widespread use of CAI in computer science courses are…

  7. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 371: Johnnie Boy Crater and Pin Stripe Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Patrick Matthews

    This Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit 371, Johnnie Boy Crater and Pin Stripe, located within Areas 11 and 18 at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO). Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 371 comprises two corrective action sites (CASs): • 11-23-05, Pin Stripe Contamination Area • 18-45-01, U-18j-2 Crater (Johnnie Boy) The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 371 based on the implementation of correctivemore » actions. The corrective action of closure in place with administrative controls was implemented at both CASs. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from January 8, 2009, through February 16, 2010, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 371: Johnnie Boy Crater and Pin Stripe. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigation of the primary release of radionuclides and investigation of other releases (migration in washes and chemical releases). The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 371 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the dataset is acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. Radiological doses exceeding the FAL of 25 millirem per year were not found to be present in the surface soil. However, it was assumed that radionuclides are present in subsurface media within the Johnnie Boy crater and the fissure at Pin Stripe. Due to the assumption of radiological dose exceeding the FAL, corrective actions were

  8. NALDA (Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis) CAI (computer aided instruction)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Handler, B.H.; France, P.A.; Frey, S.C.

    Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel developed a prototype computer aided instruction CAI system for the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis (NALDA) system. The objective of this project was to provide a CAI prototype that could be used as an enhancement to existing NALDA training. The CAI prototype project was performed in phases. The task undertaken in Phase I was to analyze the problem and the alternative solutions and to develop a set of recommendations on how best to proceed. The findings from Phase I are documented in Recommended CAI Approach for the NALDA System (Duncan et al., 1987). Inmore » Phase II, a structured design and specifications were developed, and a prototype CAI system was created. A report, NALDA CAI Prototype: Phase II Final Report, was written to record the findings and results of Phase II. NALDA CAI: Recommendations for an Advanced Instructional Model, is comprised of related papers encompassing research on computer aided instruction CAI, newly developing training technologies, instructional systems development, and an Advanced Instructional Model. These topics were selected because of their relevancy to the CAI needs of NALDA. These papers provide general background information on various aspects of CAI and give a broad overview of new technologies and their impact on the future design and development of training programs. The paper within have been index separately elsewhere.« less

  9. The Evolutionary Development of CAI Hardware.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stifle, John E.

    After six years of research in computer assisted instruction (CAI) using PLATO III, a decision was made at the University of Illinois to develop a larger system as a national CAI resource. This document describes the design specifications and problems in the development of PLATO IV, a system which is capable of accomodating up to 4,000 terminals…

  10. Creation and Distribution of CAIs in the Protoplanetary Nebula

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cuzzi, J. N.; Davis, S. S.; Dobrovolskis, A. R.

    2003-01-01

    CaAl rich refractory mineral inclusions (CAIs) found at 1 - 10% mass fraction in primitive chondrites appear to be several million years older than the dominant (chondrule) components in the same parent bodies. A prevalent concern is that it is difficult to retain CAIs for this long against gas-drag-induced radial drift into the sun. We assess a hot inner (turbulent) nebula context for CAI formation, using analytical models of nebula evolution and particle diffusion. We show that outward radial diffusion in a weakly turbulent nebula can prevent significant numbers of CAI-size particles from being lost into the sun for times of 1 - 3 x 10(exp 6) years. To match the CAI abundances quantitatively, we advocate an enhancement of the inner hot nebula in silicate-forming material, due to rapid inward migration of very primitive, silicate and carbon rich, meter-sized objects. 'Combustion' of the carbon into CO would make the CAI formation environment more reduced than solar, as certain observations imply. Abundant CO might also play a role in mass-independent chemical fractionation of oxygen isotopes as seen in CAIs and associated primitive, high-temperature condensates.

  11. Computers for Your Classroom: CAI and CMI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, David B.; Bozeman, William C.

    1981-01-01

    The availability of compact, low-cost computer systems provides a means of assisting classroom teachers in the performance of their duties. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and computer-managed instruction (CMI) are two applications of computer technology with which school administrators should become familiar. CAI is a teaching medium in which…

  12. Research on TRIZ and CAIs Application Problems for Technology Innovation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiangdong; Li, Qinghai; Bai, Zhonghang; Geng, Lixiao

    In order to realize application of invent problem solve theory (TRIZ) and computer aided innovation software (CAIs) , need to solve some key problems, such as the mode choice of technology innovation, establishment of technology innovation organization network(TION), and achievement of innovative process based on TRIZ and CAIs, etc.. This paper shows that the demands for TRIZ and CAIs according to the characteristics and existing problem of the manufacturing enterprises. Have explained that the manufacturing enterprises need to set up an open TION of enterprise leading type, and achieve the longitudinal cooperation innovation with institution of higher learning. The process of technology innovation based on TRIZ and CAIs has been set up from researching and developing point of view. Application of TRIZ and CAIs in FY Company has been summarized. The application effect of TRIZ and CAIs has been explained using technology innovation of the close goggle valve product.

  13. Search for 41K Excess in Efremovka CAIs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Srinivasan, G.; Ulyanov, A. A.; Goswami, J. N.

    1993-07-01

    We have used the ion microprobe to measure K isotopic composition of refractory phases in Efremovka CAIs to look for the possible presence of K excess from the decay of extinct radionuclide Ca (halflife = 0.13 Ma). The presence of Ca at the time of CAI formation, if established, will allow us to place a lower limit on the time interval between the last injection of freshly synthesized matter into the solar nebula and the formation of some of the first solid objects (CAIs) in the solar system. Several attempts have been made earlier to detect 41K excess in Allende CAIs [1-4]. We have further investigated this problem by analyzing the Efremovka CAIs for two reasons. First, both the petrographic and magnesium isotopic systematics suggest the Efremovka CAIs to be less altered compared to the Allende CAIs making them an ideal and perhaps better sample for this study. Second, the presence of large perovskite (~10 micrometers) allowed us to analyse this phase, which was not included in earlier studies. The major difficulty in accurately measuring 41K, which was identified in earlier studies, is the unresolvable (40Ca42Ca)++ interference, which was found to be matrix dependent [4]. In addition, one can also have interfernce from the (40CaH)+ peak. In our operating condition the interference from the hydride peak can be neglected (Fig. 1, which appears in the hard copy). We have analyzed terrestrial perovskite (K <= 20 ppm) to determine the (40Ca42Ca)++ correction term, and its equivalence with (40Ca43Ca)++ ion signal at mass 41.5 [4]. In perovskite, the (40Ca42Ca)++ signal constitutes ~80% of the signal at 41K and we could estimate this interference with confidence. A value of (2.7 +- 0.1) x 10^-5 was obtained for the ratio [(40Ca42Ca)++/42Ca+], which is similar to the measured [(40Ca43Ca)++/43Ca+] ratio of (2.4 +- 0.2) x 10^-5. We have therefore used the measured value for the latter ratio in the analyzed phases to correct for the doubly charged interference at mass 41

  14. Low-Cost Computer-Aided Instruction/Computer-Managed Instruction (CAI/CMI) System: Feasibility Study. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lintz, Larry M.; And Others

    This study investigated the feasibility of a low cost computer-aided instruction/computer-managed instruction (CAI/CMI) system. Air Force instructors and training supervisors were surveyed to determine the potential payoffs of various CAI and CMI functions. Results indicated that a wide range of capabilities had potential for resident technical…

  15. CAIs in Semarkona (LL3.0)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mishra, R. K.; Simon, J. I.; Ross, D. K.; Marhas, K. K.

    2016-01-01

    Calcium, Aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the first forming solids of the Solar system. Their observed abundance, mean size, and mineralogy vary quite significantly between different groups of chondrites. These differences may reflect the dynamics and distinct cosmochemical conditions present in the region(s) of the protoplanetary disk from which each type likely accreted. Only about 11 such objects have been found in L and LL type while another 57 have been found in H type ordinary chondrites, compared to thousands in carbonaceous chondrites. At issue is whether the rare CAIs contained in ordinary chondrites truly reflect a distinct population from the inclusions commonly found in other chondrite types. Semarkona (LL3.00) (fall, 691 g) is the most pristine chondrite available in our meteorite collection. Here we report petrography and mineralogy of 3 CAIs from Semarkona

  16. Numerical investigation of CAI Combustion in the Opposed- Piston Engine with Direct and Indirect Water Injection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pyszczek, R.; Mazuro, P.; Teodorczyk, A.

    2016-09-01

    This paper is focused on the CAI combustion control in a turbocharged 2-stroke Opposed-Piston (OP) engine. The barrel type OP engine arrangement is of particular interest for the authors because of its robust design, high mechanical efficiency and relatively easy incorporation of a Variable Compression Ratio (VCR). The other advantage of such design is that combustion chamber is formed between two moving pistons - there is no additional cylinder head to be cooled which directly results in an increased thermal efficiency. Furthermore, engine operation in a Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) mode at high compression ratios (CR) raises a possibility of reaching even higher efficiencies and very low emissions. In order to control CAI combustion such measures as VCR and water injection were considered for indirect ignition timing control. Numerical simulations of the scavenging and combustion processes were performed with the 3D CFD multipurpose AVL Fire solver. Numerous cases were calculated with different engine compression ratios and different amounts of directly and indirectly injected water. The influence of the VCR and water injection on the ignition timing and engine performance was determined and their application in the real engine was discussed.

  17. Closed system oxygen isotope redistribution in igneous CAIs upon spinel dissolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aléon, Jérôme

    2018-01-01

    In several Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs) from the CV3 chondrites Allende and Efremovka, representative of the most common igneous CAI types (type A, type B and Fractionated with Unknown Nuclear isotopic anomalies, FUN), the relationship between 16O-excesses and TiO2 content in pyroxene indicates that the latter commonly begins to crystallize with a near-terrestrial 16O-poor composition and becomes 16O-enriched during crystallization, reaching a near-solar composition. Mass balance calculations were performed to investigate the contribution of spinel to this 16O-enrichment. It is found that a back-reaction of early-crystallized 16O-rich spinel with a silicate partial melt having undergone a 16O-depletion is consistent with the O isotopic evolution of CAI minerals during magmatic crystallization. Dissolution of spinel explains the O isotopic composition (16O-excess and extent of mass fractionation) of pyroxene as well as that of primary anorthite/dmisteinbergite and possibly that of the last melilite crystallizing immediately before pyroxene. It requires that igneous CAIs behaved as closed-systems relative to oxygen from nebular gas during a significant fraction of their cooling history, contrary to the common assumption that CAI partial melts constantly equilibrated with gas. The mineralogical control on O isotopes in igneous CAIs is thus simply explained by a single 16O-depletion during magmatic crystallization. This 16O-depletion occurred in an early stage of the thermal history, after the crystallization of spinel, i.e. in the temperature range for melilite crystallization/partial melting and did not require multiple, complex or late isotope exchange. More experimental work is however required to deduce the protoplanetary disk conditions associated with this 16O-depletion.

  18. The Effect of CAI on Reading Achievement.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hardman, Regina

    A study determined whether computer assisted instruction (CAI) had an effect on students' reading achievement. Subjects were 21 randomly selected fourth-grade students at D. S. Wentworth Elementary School on the south side of Chicago in a low-income neighborhood who received a year's exposure to a CAI program, and 21 randomly selected students at…

  19. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 139: Waste Disposal Sites, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grant Evenson

    2006-04-01

    Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 139 is located in Areas 3, 4, 6, and 9 of the Nevada Test Site, which is 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective Action Unit 139 is comprised of the seven corrective action sites (CASs) listed below: (1) 03-35-01, Burn Pit; (2) 04-08-02, Waste Disposal Site; (3) 04-99-01, Contaminated Surface Debris; (4) 06-19-02, Waste Disposal Site/Burn Pit; (5) 06-19-03, Waste Disposal Trenches; (6) 09-23-01, Area 9 Gravel Gertie; and (7) 09-34-01, Underground Detection Station. These sites are being investigated because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluatemore » and recommend corrective action alternatives with the exception of CASs 09-23-01 and 09-34-01. Regarding these two CASs, CAS 09-23-01 is a gravel gertie where a zero-yield test was conducted with all contamination confined to below ground within the area of the structure, and CAS 09-34-01 is an underground detection station where no contaminants are present. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective action investigation (CAI) before evaluating corrective action alternatives and selecting the appropriate corrective action for the other five CASs where information is insufficient. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective action alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective Action Decision Document. The sites will be investigated based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on January 4, 2006, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office; Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture; and Bechtel Nevada. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective actions for CAU 139.« less

  20. Evaluation Criteria for Micro-CAI: A Psychometric Approach

    PubMed Central

    Wallace, Douglas; Slichter, Mark; Bolwell, Christine

    1985-01-01

    The increased use of microcomputer-based instructional programs has resulted in a greater need for third-party evaluation of the software. This in turn has prompted the development of micro-CAI evaluation tools. The present project sought to develop a prototype instrument to assess the impact of CAI program presentation characteristics on students. Data analysis and scale construction was conducted using standard item reliability analyses and factor analytic techniques. Adequate subscale reliabilities and factor structures were found, suggesting that a psychometric approach to CAI evaluation may possess some merit. Efforts to assess the utility of the resultant instrument are currently underway.

  1. O, Mg, and Si isotope distributions in the complex ultrarefractory CAI Efremovka 101.1: Assimilation of ultrarefractory, FUN, and regular CAI precursors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aléon, Jérôme; Marin-Carbonne, Johanna; McKeegan, Kevin D.; El Goresy, Ahmed

    2018-07-01

    Oxygen, magnesium, and silicon isotopic compositions in the mineralogically complex, ultrarefractory (UR) calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) E101.1 from the reduced CV3 chondrite Efremovka confirm that E101.1 is a compound CAI composed of several lithological units that were once individual CAIs, free-floating in the solar protoplanetary disk. Each precursor unit was found to have had its own thermal history prior to being captured and incorporated into the partially molten host CAI. Four major lithological units can be distinguished on the basis of their isotopic compositions. (1) Al-diopside-rich sinuous fragments, hereafter sinuous pyroxene, are 16O-rich (Δ17O ≤ -20‰) and have light Mg and Si isotopic compositions with mass fractionation down to -3.5‰/amu for both isotopic systems. We attribute these peculiar isotopic compositions to kinetic effects during condensation out of thermal equilibrium. (2) Spinel clusters are 16O-rich (Δ17O ∼ -22‰) and have Mg isotope systematics consistent with extensive equilibration with the host melt. This includes (i) δ25Mg values varying between + 2.6‰ and + 6.5‰ close to the typical value of host melilite at ∼+5‰, and (ii) evidence for exchange of radiogenic 26Mg with adjacent melilite as indicated by Al/Mg systematics. The spinel clusters may represent fine-grained spinel-rich proto-CAIs captured, partially melted, and recrystallized in the host melt. Al/Mg systematics indicate that both the sinuous pyroxene fragments and spinel clusters probably had canonical or near-canonical 26Al contents before partial equilibration. (3) The main CAI host (Δ17O ≤ -2‰) had a complex thermal history partially obscured by subsequent capture and assimilation events. Its formation, referred to as the "cryptic" stage, could have resulted from the partial melting and crystallization of a 16O-rich precursor that underwent 16O-depletion and a massive evaporation event characteristic of F and FUN CAIs (Fractionated with

  2. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 105: Area 2 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 105 based on the implementation of the corrective actions. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from October 22, 2012, through May 23, 2013, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 105: Area 2 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites; and in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan, which establishes requirements, technical planning, and general quality practices.

  3. Corrective Action Decision Document for Corrective Action Unit 562: Waste Systems Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mark Krause

    2010-08-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) presents information supporting the selection of corrective action alternatives (CAAs) leading to the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 562, Waste Systems, in Areas 2, 23, and 25 of the Nevada Test Site, Nevada. This complies with the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Management; U.S. Department of Defense; and DOE, Legacy Management. Corrective Action Unit 562 comprises the following corrective action sites (CASs): • 02-26-11, Lead Shot • 02-44-02, Paint Spills and French Drainmore » • 02-59-01, Septic System • 02-60-01, Concrete Drain • 02-60-02, French Drain • 02-60-03, Steam Cleaning Drain • 02-60-04, French Drain • 02-60-05, French Drain • 02-60-06, French Drain • 02-60-07, French Drain • 23-60-01, Mud Trap Drain and Outfall • 23-99-06, Grease Trap • 25-60-04, Building 3123 Outfalls The purpose of this CADD is to identify and provide the rationale for the recommendation of CAAs for the 13 CASs within CAU 562. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from July 27, 2009, through May 12, 2010, as set forth in the CAU 562 Corrective Action Investigation Plan. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process: • Determine whether COCs are present. • If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent. • Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective actions. A data quality assessment (DQA) performed on the CAU 562 data demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the data for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against appropriate final action levels (FALs) to identify the COCs for each CAS. The results of the CAI identified COCs at 10 of the 13 CASs in CAU 562, and thus

  4. Oxygen Isotope Measurements of a Rare Murchison Type A CAI and Its Rim

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matzel, J. E. P.; Simon, J. I.; Hutcheon, I. D.; Jacobsen, B.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.

    2013-01-01

    Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV chondrites commonly show oxygen isotope heterogeneity among different mineral phases within individual inclusions reflecting the complex history of CAIs in both the solar nebula and/or parent bodies. The degree of isotopic exchange is typically mineral-specific, yielding O-16-rich spinel, hibonite and pyroxene and O-16-depleted melilite and anorthite. Recent work demonstrated large and systematic variations in oxygen isotope composition within the margin and Wark-Lovering rim of an Allende Type A CAI. These variations suggest that some CV CAIs formed from several oxygen reservoirs and may reflect transport between distinct regions of the solar nebula or varying gas composition near the proto-Sun. Oxygen isotope compositions of CAIs from other, less-altered chondrites show less intra-CAI variability and 16O-rich compositions. The record of intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability in CM chondrites, which commonly show evidence for low-temperature aqueous alteration, is less clear, in part because the most common CAIs found in CM chondrites are mineralogically simple (hibonite +/- spinel or spinel +/- pyroxene) and are composed of minerals less susceptible to O-isotopic exchange. No measurements of the oxygen isotope compositions of rims on CAIs in CM chondrites have been reported. Here, we present oxygen isotope data from a rare, Type A CAI from the Murchison meteorite, MUM-1. The data were collected from melilite, hibonite, perovskite and spinel in a traverse into the interior of the CAI and from pyroxene, melilite, anorthite, and spinel in the Wark-Lovering rim. Our objectives were to (1) document any evidence for intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability; (2) determine the isotopic composition of the rim minerals and compare their composition(s) to the CAI interior; and (3) compare the MUM-1 data to oxygen isotope zoning profiles measured from CAIs in other chondrites.

  5. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 374: Area 20 Schooner Unit Crater, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada with ROTC 1 and 2, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    Corrective Action Unit 374 comprises five corrective action sites (CASs): • 18-22-05, Drum • 18-22-06, Drums (20) • 18-22-08, Drum • 18-23-01, Danny Boy Contamination Area • 20-45-03, U-20u Crater (Schooner) The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 374 based on the implementation of corrective actions. The corrective action of closure in place with administrative controls was implemented at CASs 18-23-01 and 20-45-03, and a corrective action of removing potential source material (PSM) was conducted at CAS 20-45-03. The othermore » CASs require no further action; however, best management practices of removing PSM and drums at CAS 18-22-06, and removing drums at CAS 18-22-08 were performed. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from May 4 through October 6, 2010, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 374: Area 20 Schooner Unit Crater, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigating the primary release of radionuclides and investigating other releases (migration in washes and chemical releases). The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 374 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the dataset is acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. Radiological doses exceeding the FAL of 25 millirem per year were found to be present in the surface soil that was sampled. It is assumed that radionuclide levels present in subsurface media within the craters and ejecta fields (default contamination boundaries) at the Danny

  6. CAI System of Obunsha Co., Ltd. Using CD-ROM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Todokoro, Shigeru; Mukai, Yoshihiro

    This paper introduces the present status of R & D on CAI teaching materials in Obunsha Co., Ltd. Characteristics of CAI using CD-ROM as well as Culture-in CAI Teaching Materials System for junior high school English are described. The system consists of CD-ROM driver XM-2000 and Pasopia 700 of Toshiba Corporation having both features of CD-ROM and FD. CD-ROM stores vast amount of voice data while FD does text and graphics data. It is a frame-oriented mode system enabling to raise learning effect.

  7. Numerical Investigation Into Effect of Fuel Injection Timing on CAI/HCCI Combustion in a Four-Stroke GDI Engine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Li; Zhao, Hua; Jiang, Xi; Kalian, Navin

    2006-02-01

    The Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) combustion, also known as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), was achieved by trapping residuals with early exhaust valve closure in conjunction with direct injection. Multi-cycle 3D engine simulations have been carried out for parametric study on four different injection timings in order to better understand the effects of injection timings on in-cylinder mixing and CAI combustion. The full engine cycle simulation including complete gas exchange and combustion processes was carried out over several cycles in order to obtain the stable cycle for analysis. The combustion models used in the present study are the Shell auto-ignition model and the characteristic-time combustion model, which were modified to take the high level of EGR into consideration. A liquid sheet breakup spray model was used for the droplet breakup processes. The analyses show that the injection timing plays an important role in affecting the in-cylinder air/fuel mixing and mixture temperature, which in turn affects the CAI combustion and engine performance.

  8. Particulated articular cartilage: CAIS and DeNovo NT.

    PubMed

    Farr, Jack; Cole, Brian J; Sherman, Seth; Karas, Vasili

    2012-03-01

    Cartilage Autograft Implantation System (CAIS; DePuy/Mitek, Raynham, MA) and DeNovo Natural Tissue (NT; ISTO, St. Louis, MO) are novel treatment options for focal articular cartilage defects in the knee. These methods involve the implantation of particulated articular cartilage from either autograft or juvenile allograft donor, respectively. In the laboratory and in animal models, both CAIS and DeNovo NT have demonstrated the ability of the transplanted cartilage cells to "escape" from the extracellular matrix, migrate, multiply, and form a new hyaline-like cartilage tissue matrix that integrates with the surrounding host tissue. In clinical practice, the technique for both CAIS and DeNovo NT is straightforward, requiring only a single surgery to affect cartilage repair. Clinical experience is limited, with short-term studies demonstrating both procedures to be safe, feasible, and effective, with improvements in subjective patient scores, and with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of good defect fill. While these treatment options appear promising, prospective randomized controlled studies are necessary to refine the indications and contraindications for both CAIS and DeNovo NT.

  9. The Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing autoinducer CAI-1: analysis of the biosynthetic enzyme CqsA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kelly, R.; Bolitho, M; Higgins, D

    2009-01-01

    Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes the disease cholera, controls virulence factor production and biofilm development in response to two extracellular quorum-sensing molecules, called autoinducers. The strongest autoinducer, called CAI-1 (for cholera autoinducer-1), was previously identified as (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one. Biosynthesis of CAI-1 requires the enzyme CqsA. Here, we determine the CqsA reaction mechanism, identify the CqsA substrates as (S)-2-aminobutyrate and decanoyl coenzyme A, and demonstrate that the product of the reaction is 3-aminotridecan-4-one, dubbed amino-CAI-1. CqsA produces amino-CAI-1 by a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent acyl-CoA transferase reaction. Amino-CAI-1 is converted to CAI-1 in a subsequent step via a CqsA-independent mechanism. Consistent with this,more » we find cells release {ge}100 times more CAI-1 than amino-CAI-1. Nonetheless, V. cholerae responds to amino-CAI-1 as well as CAI-1, whereas other CAI-1 variants do not elicit a quorum-sensing response. Thus, both CAI-1 and amino-CAI-1 have potential as lead molecules in the development of an anticholera treatment.« less

  10. Structural basis of Na(+)-independent and cooperative substrate/product antiport in CaiT.

    PubMed

    Schulze, Sabrina; Köster, Stefan; Geldmacher, Ulrike; Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Anke C; Kühlbrandt, Werner

    2010-09-09

    Transport of solutes across biological membranes is performed by specialized secondary transport proteins in the lipid bilayer, and is essential for life. Here we report the structures of the sodium-independent carnitine/butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT from Proteus mirabilis (PmCaiT) at 2.3-A and from Escherichia coli (EcCaiT) at 3.5-A resolution. CaiT belongs to the family of betaine/carnitine/choline transporters (BCCT), which are mostly Na(+) or H(+) dependent, whereas EcCaiT is Na(+) and H(+) independent. The three-dimensional architecture of CaiT resembles that of the Na(+)-dependent transporters LeuT and BetP, but in CaiT a methionine sulphur takes the place of the Na(+) ion to coordinate the substrate in the central transport site, accounting for Na(+)-independent transport. Both CaiT structures show the fully open, inward-facing conformation, and thus complete the set of functional states that describe the alternating access mechanism. EcCaiT contains two bound butyrobetaine substrate molecules, one in the central transport site, the other in an extracellular binding pocket. In the structure of PmCaiT, a tryptophan side chain occupies the transport site, and access to the extracellular site is blocked. Binding of both substrates to CaiT reconstituted into proteoliposomes is cooperative, with Hill coefficients up to 1.7, indicating that the extracellular site is regulatory. We propose a mechanism whereby the occupied regulatory site increases the binding affinity of the transport site and initiates substrate translocation.

  11. Two Generations of Sodic Metasomatism in an Allende Type B CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.

    2015-01-01

    Calcium-Aluminum rich inclusions (CAI) in Allende, along with other chondritic compo-nents, experienced variable amounts and types of alter-ation of their mineralogy and chemistry. In CAIs, one of the principal types of alteration led to the depo-sition of nepheline and sodalite. Here we extend initial obervations of alteration in an Allende CAI, focus-ing on occurences of nepheline and a nepheline-like phase with unusally high Ca (referred to as "calcic nepheline" in this abstract). Detailed petrographic and microchemical observations of alteration phases in an Allende Type B CAI (TS4) show that two separate generations of "nepheline", with very distinct composi-tions, crystallized around the margins and in the interi-or of this CAI. We use observations of micro-faults as potential temporal markers, in order to place constraints on the timing of alteration events in Allende. These observa-tions of micro-faulting that truncate and offset one gen-eration of "nepheline" indicate that some "nepheline" crystallized before incorporation of the CAI into the Allende parent-body. Some of the sodic metasomatism in some Allende CAIs occurred prior to Allende par-ent-body assembly. The earlier generation of "calcic-nepheline" has a very distinctive, calcium-rich compo-sition, and the second generation is low in calcium, and matches the compositions of nephelines found in near-by altered chondrules, and in the Allende matrix.

  12. Coordinated Oxygen Isotopic and Petrologic Studies of CAIS Record Varying Composition of Protosolar

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simon, Justin I.; Matzel, J. E. P.; Simon, S. B.; Weber, P. K.; Grossman, L.; Ross, D. K.; Hutcheon, I. D.

    2012-01-01

    Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) record the O-isotope composition of Solar nebular gas from which they grew [1]. High spatial resolution O-isotope measurements afforded by ion microprobe analysis across the rims and margin of CAIs reveal systematic variations in (Delta)O-17 and suggest formation from a diversity of nebular environments [2-4]. This heterogeneity has been explained by isotopic mixing between the O-16-rich Solar reservoir [6] and a second O-16-poor reservoir (probably nebular gas) with a "planetary-like" isotopic composition [e.g., 1, 6-7], but the mechanism and location(s) where these events occur within the protoplanetary disk remain uncertain. The orientation of large and systematic variations in (Delta)O-17 reported by [3] for a compact Type A CAI from the Efremovka reduced CV3 chondrite differs dramatically from reports by [4] of a similar CAI, A37 from the Allende oxidized CV3 chondrite. Both studies conclude that CAIs were exposed to distinct, nebular O-isotope reservoirs, implying the transfer of CAIs among different settings within the protoplanetary disk [4]. To test this hypothesis further and the extent of intra-CAI O-isotopic variation, a pristine compact Type A CAI, Ef-1 from Efremovka, and a Type B2 CAI, TS4 from Allende were studied. Our new results are equally intriguing because, collectively, O-isotopic zoning patterns in the CAIs indicate a progressive and cyclic record. The results imply that CAIs were commonly exposed to multiple environments of distinct gas during their formation. Numerical models help constrain conditions and duration of these events.

  13. Corrective Action Decision Document/Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farnham, Irene

    This corrective action decision document (CADD)/corrective action plan (CAP) has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 97, Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), Nevada. The Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU is located in the northeastern portion of the NNSS and comprises 720 corrective action sites. A total of 747 underground nuclear detonations took place within this CAU between 1957 and 1992 and resulted in the release of radionuclides (RNs) in the subsurface in the vicinity of the test cavities. The CADD portion describes the Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU data-collection and modeling activities completed during the corrective action investigationmore » (CAI) stage, presents the corrective action objectives, and describes the actions recommended to meet the objectives. The CAP portion describes the corrective action implementation plan. The CAP presents CAU regulatory boundary objectives and initial use-restriction boundaries identified and negotiated by DOE and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP). The CAP also presents the model evaluation process designed to build confidence that the groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling results can be used for the regulatory decisions required for CAU closure. The UGTA strategy assumes that active remediation of subsurface RN contamination is not feasible with current technology. As a result, the corrective action is based on a combination of characterization and modeling studies, monitoring, and institutional controls. The strategy is implemented through a four-stage approach that comprises the following: (1) corrective action investigation plan (CAIP), (2) CAI, (3) CADD/CAP, and (4) closure report (CR) stages.« less

  14. Personality preference influences medical student use of specific computer-aided instruction (CAI)

    PubMed Central

    McNulty, John A; Espiritu, Baltazar; Halsey, Martha; Mendez, Michelle

    2006-01-01

    Background The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality preference, which can be related to learning style, influences individual utilization of CAI applications developed specifically for the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods Personality preferences of students were obtained using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. CAI utilization for individual students was collected from entry logs for two different web-based applications (a discussion forum and a tutorial) used in the basic science course on human anatomy. Individual login data were sorted by personality preference and the data statistically analyzed by 2-way mixed ANOVA and correlation. Results There was a wide discrepancy in the level and pattern of student use of both CAI. Although individual use of both CAI was positively correlated irrespective of MBTI preference, students with a "Sensing" preference tended to use both CAI applications more than the "iNtuitives". Differences in the level of use of these CAI applications (i.e., higher use of discussion forum vs. a tutorial) were also found for the "Perceiving/Judging" dimension. Conclusion We conclude that personality/learning preferences of individual students influence their use of CAI in the medical curriculum. PMID:16451719

  15. A rabbit ventricular action potential model replicating cardiac dynamics at rapid heart rates.

    PubMed

    Mahajan, Aman; Shiferaw, Yohannes; Sato, Daisuke; Baher, Ali; Olcese, Riccardo; Xie, Lai-Hua; Yang, Ming-Jim; Chen, Peng-Sheng; Restrepo, Juan G; Karma, Alain; Garfinkel, Alan; Qu, Zhilin; Weiss, James N

    2008-01-15

    Mathematical modeling of the cardiac action potential has proven to be a powerful tool for illuminating various aspects of cardiac function, including cardiac arrhythmias. However, no currently available detailed action potential model accurately reproduces the dynamics of the cardiac action potential and intracellular calcium (Ca(i)) cycling at rapid heart rates relevant to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The aim of this study was to develop such a model. Using an existing rabbit ventricular action potential model, we modified the L-type calcium (Ca) current (I(Ca,L)) and Ca(i) cycling formulations based on new experimental patch-clamp data obtained in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, using the perforated patch configuration at 35-37 degrees C. Incorporating a minimal seven-state Markovian model of I(Ca,L) that reproduced Ca- and voltage-dependent kinetics in combination with our previously published dynamic Ca(i) cycling model, the new model replicates experimentally observed action potential duration and Ca(i) transient alternans at rapid heart rates, and accurately reproduces experimental action potential duration restitution curves obtained by either dynamic or S1S2 pacing.

  16. Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 414: Clean Slate III Plutonium Dispersion (TTR) Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 414 is located on the Tonopah Test Range, which is approximately 130 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, and approximately 40 miles southeast of Tonopah, Nevada. The CAU 414 site consists of the release of radionuclides to the surface and shallow subsurface from the conduct of the Clean Slate III (CSIII) storage–transportation test conducted on June 9, 1963. CAU 414 includes one corrective action site (CAS), TA-23-03CS (Pu Contaminated Soil). The known releases at CAU 414 are the result of the atmospheric dispersal of contamination from the 1963 CSIII test. The CSIII test was a nonnuclearmore » detonation of a nuclear device located inside a reinforced concrete bunker covered with 8 feet of soil. This test dispersed radionuclides, primarily uranium and plutonium, on the ground surface. The presence and nature of contamination at CAU 414 will be evaluated based on information collected from a corrective action investigation (CAI). The investigation is based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on June 7, 2016, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; the U.S. Air Force; and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective action alternatives for CAU 414.« less

  17. CAI: Overcoming Attitude Barriers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Netusil, Anton J.; Kockler, Lois H.

    During each of two school quarters, approximately 60 college students enrolled in a mathematics course were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The control group received instruction by the lecture method only; the experimental group received the same instruction, except that six computer-assisted instruction (CAI) units…

  18. The Relative Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) for Teaching Students To Read English.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, Richard A.

    In a review of research on computer assisted instruction (CAI) related to reading, evidence collected provides tentative conclusions about CAI effectiveness. CAI was effective as an instructional medium in the surveyed studies. In a number of instances, CAI groups achieved higher scores than the control groups. Some studies indicated that CAI…

  19. Na/Ca exchange in the basolateral membrane of the A6 cell monolayer: role in Cai homeostasis.

    PubMed

    Brochiero, E; Raschi, C; Ehrenfeld, J

    1995-05-01

    The presence of a Na/Ca exchanger in A6 cells was investigated by measuring intracellular calcium (Cai) fluctuations and the 45Ca fluxes through the basolateral membranes (blm) of the cell monolayer. Removal of Na+ from the medium produced a transient increase in Cai followed by a regulatory phase returning Cai to control levels in 3-4 min, this phase being greatly accelerated (< 60 s) by NaCl addition (apparent Km of approximately 5 mM Na+). The Cai increase was only found with the Na(+)-free medium on the basolateral side of the cell monolayer. A twofold increase in the 45Ca influx was observed under these conditions. In Ca(2+)- depleted cells, the initial Cai increase after Ca2+ addition to the medium was greater when the putative Na/Ca exchanger was not functioning (i.e. in a Na(+)-free medium). 45Ca effluxes through the blm of the monolayer were greatly and transiently increased by a Na(+)-free medium on the serosal side and blocked by orthovanadate (1 mM). The Cai increased induced by a hypo-osmotic shock was greater in cells bathed in a Na(+)-medium, conditions expected to block the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger. These findings support the hypothesis that a Na/Ca exchanger is present on the blm of A6 cells and affirm its role in Cai homeostasis in steady-state conditions and following osmotic shock. In addition, a Ca2+ pump also located on the blm and Ca2+ stores sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were found to be implicated in Cai homeostasis.

  20. An Intelligent CAI Monitor and Generative Tutor. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Koffman, Elliot B.; Perry, James

    This final report summarizes research findings and presents a model for generative computer assisted instruction (CAI) with respect to its usefulness in the classroom environment. Methods used to individualize instruction, and the evolution of a procedure used to select a concept for presentation to a student with the generative CAI system are…

  1. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 106: Area 5, 11 Frenchman Flat Atmospheric Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Patrick Matthews and Dawn Peterson

    2011-09-01

    Corrective Action Unit 106 comprises four corrective action sites (CASs): (1) 05-20-02, Evaporation Pond; (2) 05-23-05, Atmospheric Test Site - Able; (3) 05-45-04, 306 GZ Rad Contaminated Area; (4) 05-45-05, 307 GZ Rad Contaminated Area. The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 106 based on the implementation of corrective actions. The corrective action of clean closure was implemented at CASs 05-45-04 and 05-45-05, while no corrective action was necessary at CASs 05-20-02 and 05-23-05. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from October 20,more » 2010, through June 1, 2011, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 106: Areas 5, 11 Frenchman Flat Atmospheric Sites. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigation of the primary release of radionuclides, and investigation of other releases (mechanical displacement and chemical releases). The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 106 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is complete and acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Investigation results were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. A radiological dose FAL of 25 millirem per year was established based on the Industrial Area exposure scenario (2,250 hours of annual exposure). The only radiological dose exceeding the FAL was at CAS 05-45-05 and was associated with potential source material (PSM). It is also assumed that additional PSM in the form of depleted uranium (DU) and DU-contaminated debris at CASs 05-45-04 and 05-45-05 exceed the FAL. Therefore, corrective actions were undertaken at these CASs that consisted of removing PSM and collecting

  2. Effectiveness of CAI Package on Achievement in Physics of IX Standard Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maheswari, I. Uma; Ramakrishnan, N.

    2015-01-01

    The present study is an experimental one in nature, to find out the effectiveness of CAI package on in Physics of IX std. students. For this purpose a CAI package was developed and validated. The validated CAI package formed an independent variable of this study. The dependent variable is students' achievements in physics content. In order to find…

  3. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 274: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grant Evenson

    2006-09-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit 274, Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (1996). Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 274 is comprised of five corrective action sites (CASs): (1) CAS 03-02-01, WX-6 ETS Building Septic System; (2) CAS 06-02-01, Cesspool; (3) CAS 09-01-01, Spill Site; (4) CAS 09-05-01, Leaching Pit; and (5) CAS 20-05-01, Septic System. The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the closure of CAU 274 with no further corrective action. Tomore » achieve this, corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from November 14 through December 17, 2005 as set forth in the CAU 274 Corrective Action Investigation Plan. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process: (1) Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present. (2) If contaminants of concern are present, determine their nature and extent. (3) Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective actions. The CAU 274 dataset from the investigation results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the dataset for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. No analytes were detected at concentrations exceeding the FALs. No COCs have been released to the soil at CAU 274, and corrective action is not required. Therefore, the DQO data needs were met, and it was determined that no corrective action based on risk to human receptors is necessary for the site. All FALs were calculated using the industrial site worker scenario except for benzo(a)pyrene, which was calculated

  4. In Situ Trace Element Analysis of an Allende Type B1 CAI: EK-459-5-1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jeffcoat, C. R.; Kerekgyarto, A.; Lapen, T. J.; Andreasen, R.; Righter, M.; Ross, D. K.

    2014-01-01

    Variations in refractory major and trace element composition of calcium, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) provide constraints on physical and chemical conditions and processes in the earliest stages of the Solar System. Previous work indicates that CAIs have experienced complex histories involving, in many cases, multiple episodes of condensation, evaporation, and partial melting. We have analyzed major and trace element abundances in two core to rim transects of the melilite mantle as well as interior major phases of a Type B1 CAI (EK-459-5-1) from Allende by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to investigate the behavior of key trace elements with a primary focus on the REEs Tm and Yb.

  5. A ryanodine receptor-dependent Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry at Hensen's node mediates avian lateral identity.

    PubMed

    Garic-Stankovic, Ana; Hernandez, Marcos; Flentke, George R; Zile, Maija H; Smith, Susan M

    2008-10-01

    In mouse, the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry requires intracellular calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) enrichment on the left of the node. The use of Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry by other vertebrates, and its origins and relationship to other laterality effectors are largely unknown. Additionally, the architecture of Hensen's node raises doubts as to whether Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry is a broadly conserved mechanism to achieve laterality. We report here that the avian embryo uses a left-side enriched Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry across Hensen's node to govern its lateral identity. Elevated Ca(i)(2+) was first detected along the anterior node at early HH4, and its emergence and left-side enrichment by HH5 required both ryanodine receptor (RyR) activity and extracellular calcium, implicating calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) as the novel source of the Ca(i)(2+). Targeted manipulation of node Ca(i)(2+) randomized heart laterality and affected nodal expression. Bifurcation of the Ca(i)(2+) field by the emerging prechordal plate may permit the independent regulation of LR Ca(i)(2+) levels. To the left of the node, RyR/CICR and H(+)V-ATPase activity sustained elevated Ca(i)(2+). On the right, Ca(i)(2+) levels were actively repressed through the activities of H(+)K(+) ATPase and serotonin-dependent signaling, thus identifying a novel mechanism for the known effects of serotonin on laterality. Vitamin A-deficient quail have a high incidence of situs inversus hearts and had a reversed calcium asymmetry. Thus, Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry across the node represents a more broadly conserved mechanism for laterality among amniotes than had been previously believed.

  6. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 375: Area 30 Buggy Unit Craters, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Patrick Matthews

    2011-08-01

    Corrective Action Unit 375 comprises three corrective action sites (CASs): (1) 25-23-22, Contaminated Soils Site; (2) 25-34-06, Test Cell A Bunker; and (3) 30-45-01, U-30a, b, c, d, e Craters. The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 375 based on the implementation of corrective action of closure in place with administrative controls at CAS 25-23-22, no further action at CAS 25-34-06, and closure in place with administrative controls and removal of potential source material (PSM) at CAS 30-45-01. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities weremore » performed from July 28, 2010, through April 4, 2011, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 375: Area 30 Buggy Unit Craters. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigation of the primary release of radionuclides, and investigation of other releases (migration in washes and chemical releases). The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 375 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on the data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Investigation results were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. A radiological dose FAL of 25 millirem per year was established based on the Remote Work Area exposure scenario (336 hours of annual exposure). Radiological doses exceeding the FAL were assumed to be present within the default contamination boundaries at CASs 25-23-22 and 30-45-01. No contaminants were identified at CAS 25-34-06, and no corrective action is necessary. Potential source material in the form of lead plate, lead-acid batteries, and oil within an abandoned transformer were identified at CAS 30-45-01, and corrective actions were

  7. A phase I trial of pharmacokinetic modulation of carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) with ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer.

    PubMed

    Desai, Apurva A; Innocenti, Federico; Janisch, Linda; DeMario, Mark; Shepard, Dale; Ramirez, Jacqueline; Fleming, Gini F; Ratain, Mark J

    2004-11-01

    Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a novel antineoplastic agent in clinical development with limited oral bioavailability. In vitro, ketoconazole has been demonstrated to inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of CAI. We performed this phase I trial to determine if ketoconazole-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition would lead to favorable alteration of CAI pharmacokinetics, and to evaluate the safety, toxicity and tolerability of the proposed combination. Forty-seven patients were treated using a standard three patients per cohort CAI dose-escalation scheme. In cycle 1, CAI was administered alone on day-6 followed by a single dose of ketoconazole (200 mg) on day 0. CAI and ketoconazole (200 mg/day) were subsequently coadministered on days 1 and 3-28. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained following the doses on days-6 and 1. All subsequent cycles were of 28-day duration, and consisted of daily CAI and ketoconazole coadministration. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on samples from 44 patients. In most patients administration of ketoconazole produced an increase in CAI AUC and Cmax with a decrease in CAI clearance. Seven patients experienced stable disease for up to 12 months. Gastrointestinal and constitutional toxicities were the most common toxicities. Coadministration of CAI with ketoconazole increased CAI exposure in most of the patients without altering the toxicity profile of CAI. The highest CAI dose administered on the trial was 300 mg/day. The clinical utility of such a modulation strategy might be explored in future clinical trials of CAI.

  8. Experimental Determination of Li, Be and B Partitioning During CAI Crystallization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ryerson, F J; Brenan, J M; Phinney, D L

    2005-01-12

    The main focus of the work is to develop a better understanding of the distribution of the elements B, Be and Li in melilite, fassaitic clinop clinopy-roxene, anorthite and spinel, which are the primary constituents of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). These elements are the parent or decay products of short-lived nuclides (specifically, {sup 7}Be and {sup 10}Be) formed by cosmic ray spallation reactions on silicon and oxygen. Recent observations suggest that some CAIs contain ''fossil'' {sup 7}Be and {sup 10}Be in the form of ''excess'' amounts of their decay products (B and Li). The exact timing of {sup 7}Be and {supmore » 10}Be production is unknown, but if it occurred early in CAI history, it could constrain the birthplace of CAIs to be within a limited region near the infant sun. Other interpretations are possible, however, and bear little significance to early CAI genesis. In order to interpret the anomalies as being ''primary'', and thus originating at high temperature, information on the intermineral partitioning of both parent and daughter elements is required.« less

  9. Effect of CAI on Achievement of LD Students in English

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sivaram, R. T.; Ramar, R.

    2014-01-01

    The present experimental study was undertaken with three objectives in view, (i) to identify students with language learning disabilities (ii) to develop CAI software to teach LD students through computer-assisted instruction and (iii) to measure the effectiveness of CAI with special reference to LD students. Two matched groups of LD students were…

  10. An Object-Oriented Architecture for a Web-Based CAI System.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nakabayashi, Kiyoshi; Hoshide, Takahide; Seshimo, Hitoshi; Fukuhara, Yoshimi

    This paper describes the design and implementation of an object-oriented World Wide Web-based CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) system. The goal of the design is to provide a flexible CAI/ITS (Intelligent Tutoring System) framework with full extendibility and reusability, as well as to exploit Web-based software technologies such as JAVA, ASP (a…

  11. CAI-BASIC: A Program to Teach the Programming Language BASIC.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barry, Thomas Anthony

    A computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program was designed which fulfills the objectives of teaching a simple programing language, interpreting student responses, and executing and editing student programs. The CAI-BASIC program is written in FORTRAN IV and executes on IBM-2741 terminals while running under a time-sharing system on an IBM-360-70…

  12. Oxygen isotope variations at the margin of a CAI records circulation within the solar nebula.

    PubMed

    Simon, Justin I; Hutcheon, Ian D; Simon, Steven B; Matzel, Jennifer E P; Ramon, Erick C; Weber, Peter K; Grossman, Lawrence; DePaolo, Donald J

    2011-03-04

    Micrometer-scale analyses of a calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) and the characteristic mineral bands mantling the CAI reveal that the outer parts of this primitive object have a large range of oxygen isotope compositions. The variations are systematic; the relative abundance of (16)O first decreases toward the CAI margin, approaching a planetary-like isotopic composition, then shifts to extremely (16)O-rich compositions through the surrounding rim. The variability implies that CAIs probably formed from several oxygen reservoirs. The observations support early and short-lived fluctuations of the environment in which CAIs formed, either because of transport of the CAIs themselves to distinct regions of the solar nebula or because of varying gas composition near the proto-Sun.

  13. Corrective Action Decision Document for Corrective Action Unit 151: Septic Systems and Discharge Area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grant Evenson

    2006-05-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 151, Septic Systems and Discharge Area, at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, according to the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (FFACO) (1996). Corrective Action Unit 151 is comprised of eight corrective action sites (CASs): (1) CAS 02-05-01, UE-2ce Pond; (2) CAS 12-03-01, Sewage Lagoons (6); (3) CAS 12-04-01, Septic Tanks; (4) CAS 12-04-02, Septic Tanks; (5) CAS 12-04-03, Septic Tank; (6) CAS 12-47-01, Wastewater Pond; (7) CAS 18-03-01, Sewage Lagoon; and (8) CAS 18-99-09, Sewer Line (Exposed). The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document ismore » to identify and provide the rationale for the recommendation of corrective action alternatives (CAAs) for each of the eight CASs within CAU 151. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from September 12 through November 18, 2005, as set forth in the CAU 151 Corrective Action Investigation Plan and Record of Technical Change No. 1. Additional confirmation sampling was performed on December 9, 2005; January 10, 2006; and February 13, 2006. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against appropriate final action levels (FALs) to identify the contaminants of concern for each CAS. The results of the CAI identified contaminants of concern at two of the eight CASs in CAU 151 and required the evaluation of CAAs. Assessment of the data generated from investigation activities conducted at CAU 151 revealed the following: (1) Soils at CASs 02-05-01, 12-04-01, 12-04-02, 12-04-03, 12-47-01, 18-03-01, 18-99-09, and Lagoons B through G of CAS 12-03-01 do not contain contamination at concentrations exceeding the FALs. (2) Lagoon A of CAS 12-03-01 has arsenic above FALs in shallow subsurface soils. (3) One of the two tanks of CAS 12-04-01, System No.1, has polychlorinated biphenyls (aroclor-1254), trichloroethane, and cesium-137 above FALs in the sludge. Both CAS 12-04-01, System No.1 tanks

  14. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 367: Area 10 Sedan, Ess and Uncle Unit Craters Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Patrick Matthews

    2011-06-01

    Corrective Action Unit 367 comprises four corrective action sites (CASs): • 10-09-03, Mud Pit • 10-45-01, U-10h Crater (Sedan) • 10-45-02, Ess Crater Site • 10-45-03, Uncle Crater Site The purpose of this Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation of the corrective actions and site closure activities implemented at CAU 367. A corrective action of closure in place with use restrictions was completed at each of the three crater CASs (10-45-01, 10-45-02, and 10-45-03); corrective actions were not required at CAS 10-09-03. In addition, a limited soil removal corrective action was conducted at the locationmore » of a potential source material release. Based on completion of these correction actions, no additional corrective action is required at CAU 367, and site closure is considered complete. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from February 2010 through March 2011, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 367: Area 10 Sedan, Ess and Uncle Unit Craters, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigation of the primary release of radionuclides, and investigation of non-test or other releases (e.g., migration in washes and potential source material). Based on the proximity of the Uncle, Ess, and Sedan craters, the impact of the Sedan test on the fallout deposited from the two earlier tests, and aerial radiological surveys, the CAU 367 investigation was designed to study the releases from the three crater CASs as one combined release (primary release). Corrective Action Site 10-09-03, Mud Pit, consists of two mud pits identified at CAU 367. The mud pits are considered non-test releases or other releases and were investigated independent of the three crater CASs. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 367 dataset of

  15. CAI in Advanced Literature Class.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hinton, Norman

    1981-01-01

    Ways that computer assisted instruction (CAI) can be useful in teaching English at upperclass and graduate levels are considered, with illustrations from PLATO lessons that have been composed and programmed. One lesson takes advantage of PLATO's graphic design capabilities, which enabled the teacher to design the runic figures and to show them in…

  16. Remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium cycling dynamics during subacute myocardial infarction promotes ventricular arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts

    PubMed Central

    Chou, Chung-Chuan; Zhou, Shengmei; Hayashi, Hideki; Nihei, Motoki; Liu, Yen-Bin; Wen, Ming-Shien; Yeh, San-Jou; Fishbein, Michael C; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Wu, Delon; Chen, Peng-Sheng

    2007-01-01

    We hypothesize that remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium (Cai) dynamics in the peri-infarct zone contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis in the postmyocardial infarction setting. To test this hypothesis, we performed simultaneous optical mapping of Cai and membrane potential (Vm) in the left ventricle in 15 rabbit hearts with myocardial infarction for 1 week. Ventricular premature beats frequently originated from the peri-infarct zone, and 37% showed elevation of Cai prior to Vm depolarization, suggesting reverse excitation–contraction coupling as their aetiology. During electrically induced ventricular fibrillation, the highest dominant frequency was in the peri-infarct zone in 61 of 70 episodes. The site of highest dominant frequency had steeper action potential duration restitution and was more susceptible to pacing-induced Cai alternans than sites remote from infarct. Wavebreaks during ventricular fibrillation tended to occur at sites of persistently elevated Cai. Infusion of propranolol flattened action potential duration restitution, reduced wavebreaks and converted ventricular fibrillation to ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction, the peri-infarct zone exhibits regions with steep action potential duration restitution slope and unstable Cai dynamics. These changes may promote ventricular extrasystoles and increase the incidence of wavebreaks during ventricular fibrillation. Whereas increased tissue heterogeneity after subacute myocardial infarction creates a highly arrhythmogenic substrate, dynamic action potential and Cai cycling remodelling also contribute to the initiation and maintenance of ventricular fibrillation in this setting. PMID:17272354

  17. Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 412: Clean Slate I Plutonium Dispersion (TTR) Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick

    This Closure Report (CR) presents information supporting the clean closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 412: Clean Slate I Plutonium Dispersion (TTR), located on the Tonopah Test Range, Nevada. CAU 412 consists of a release of radionuclides to the surrounding soil from a storage–transportation test conducted on May 25, 1963. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed in April and May 2015, as set forth in the Streamlined Approach for Environmental Restoration (SAFER) Plan for Corrective Action Unit 412: Clean Slate I Plutonium Dispersion (TTR), Tonopah Test Range, Nevada; and in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan. Themore » purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objectives process. The CAU 412 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is complete and acceptable for use in fulfilling the data needs identified by the data quality objectives process. This CR provides documentation and justification for the clean closure of CAU 412 under the FFACO without further corrective action. This justification is based on historical knowledge of the site, previous site investigations, implementation of the 1997 interim corrective action, and the results of the CAI. The corrective action of clean closure was confirmed as appropriate for closure of CAU 412 based on achievement of the following closure objectives: Radiological contamination at the site is less than the final action level using the ground troops exposure scenario (i.e., the radiological dose is less than the final action level): Removable alpha contamination is less than the high contamination area criterion: No potential source material is present at the site, and any impacted soil associated with potential source material has been removed so that remaining soil contains contaminants at concentrations less than the final action levels: and

  18. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 372: Area 20 Cabriolet/Palanquin Unit Craters, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, Patrick and Sloop, Christy

    2011-04-01

    This Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD)/Closure Report (CR) has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 372, Area 20 Cabriolet/Palanquin Unit Craters, located within Areas 18 and 20 at the Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO). Corrective Action Unit 372 comprises four corrective action sites (CASs): • 18-45-02, Little Feller I Surface Crater • 18-45-03, Little Feller II Surface Crater • 20-23-01, U-20k Contamination Area • 20-45-01, U-20L Crater (Cabriolet) The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action ismore » needed for CAU 372 based on the implementation of the corrective action of closure in place with administrative controls at all CASs. Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from November 9, 2009, through December 10, 2010, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 372: Area 20 Cabriolet/Palanquin Unit Craters. The approach for the CAI was divided into two facets: investigation of the primary release of radionuclides and investigation of other releases (migration in washes and chemical releases). The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 372 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Investigation results were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. A radiological dose FAL was established of 25 millirem per year based on the Remote Work Area exposure scenario (336 hours of annual exposure). Radiological doses exceeding the FAL were found to be present at all four CASs. It is assumed that radionuclide levels present within the Little Feller I and Cabriolet high

  19. A multielement isotopic study of refractory FUN and F CAIs: Mass-dependent and mass-independent isotope effects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kööp, Levke; Nakashima, Daisuke; Heck, Philipp R.; Kita, Noriko T.; Tenner, Travis J.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Park, Changkun; Davis, Andrew M.

    2018-01-01

    Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest dated objects that formed inside the Solar System. Among these are rare, enigmatic objects with large mass-dependent fractionation effects (F CAIs), which sometimes also have large nucleosynthetic anomalies and a low initial abundance of the short-lived radionuclide 26Al (FUN CAIs). We have studied seven refractory hibonite-rich CAIs and one grossite-rich CAI from the Murchison (CM2) meteorite for their oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopic compositions. The 26Al-26Mg system was also studied in seven of these CAIs. We found mass-dependent heavy isotope enrichment in all measured elements, but never simultaneously in the same CAI. The data are hard to reconcile with a single-stage melt evaporation origin and may require reintroduction or reequilibration for magnesium, oxygen and titanium after evaporation for some of the studied CAIs. The initial 26Al/27Al ratios inferred from model isochrons span a range from <1 × 10-6 to canonical (∼5 × 10-5). The CAIs show a mutual exclusivity relationship between inferred incorporation of live 26Al and the presence of resolvable anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti. Furthermore, a relationship exists between 26Al incorporation and Δ17O in the hibonite-rich CAIs (i.e., 26Al-free CAIs have resolved variations in Δ17O, while CAIs with resolved 26Mg excesses have Δ17O values close to -23‰). Only the grossite-rich CAI has a relatively enhanced Δ17O value (∼-17‰) in spite of a near-canonical 26Al/27Al. We interpret these data as indicating that fractionated hibonite-rich CAIs formed over an extended time period and sampled multiple stages in the isotopic evolution of the solar nebula, including: (1) an 26Al-poor nebula with large positive and negative anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti and variable Δ17O; (2) a stage of 26Al-admixture, during which anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti had been largely diluted and a Δ17O value of ∼-23‰ had been achieved in the CAI formation region; and (3

  20. Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI): Validity as a co-primary measure of cognition across phases of schizophrenia.

    PubMed

    Ventura, Joseph; Subotnik, Kenneth L; Ered, Arielle; Hellemann, Gerhard S; Nuechterlein, Keith H

    2016-04-01

    Progress has been made in developing interview-based measures for the assessment of cognitive functioning, such as the Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI), as co-primary measures that compliment objective neurocognitive assessments and daily functioning. However, a few questions remain, including whether the relationships with objective cognitive measures and daily functioning are high enough to justify the CAI as an co-primary measure and whether patient-only assessments are valid. Participants were first-episode schizophrenia patients (n=60) and demographically-similar healthy controls (n=35), chronic schizophrenia patients (n=38) and demographically similar healthy controls (n=19). Participants were assessed at baseline with an interview-based measure of cognitive functioning (CAI), a test of objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and role functioning at baseline, and in the first episode patients again 6 months later (n=28). CAI ratings were correlated with objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcomes in first-episode schizophrenia patients at similar magnitudes as in chronic patients. Comparisons of first-episode and chronic patients with healthy controls indicated that the CAI sensitively detected deficits in schizophrenia. The relationship of CAI Patient-Only ratings with objective cognitive functioning, functional capacity, and daily functioning were comparable to CAI Rater scores that included informant information. These results confirm in an independent sample the relationship of the CAI ratings with objectively measured cognition, functional capacity, and role functioning. Comparison of schizophrenia patients with healthy controls further validates the CAI as an co-primary measure of cognitive deficits. Also, CAI change scores were strongly related to objective cognitive change indicating sensitivity to change. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. FIB-NanoSIMS-TEM Coordinated Study of a Wark-Lovering Rim in a Vigarano Type A CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cai, A.; Ito, M.; Keller, L. P.; Ross, D. K.; Nakamura-Messenger, K.

    2010-01-01

    Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multi layered mineral sequences that surround most Ca, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). Unaltered WL rims are composed of the same primary high temperature minerals as CAIs, such as melilite, spinel, pyroxene, hibonite, perovskite, anorthite and olivine. It is still unclear whether the rim minerals represent a different generation formed by a separate event from their associated CAIs or are a byproduct of CAI formation. Several models have been proposed for the origins of WL rims including condensation, flashheating, reaction of a CAI with a Mg-Si-rich reservoir (nebular gas or solid); on the basis of mineralogy, abundances of trace elements, O and Mg isotopic studies. Detailed mineralogical characterizations of WL rims at micrometer to nanometer scales have been obtained by TEM observations, but so far no coordinated isotopic - mineralogical studies have been performed. Thus, we have applied an O isotopic imaging technique by NanoSIMS 50L to investigate heterogeneous distributions of O isotopic ratios in minerals within a cross section of a WL rim prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) instrument. After the isotopic measurements, we determine the detailed mineralogy and microstructure of the same WL FIB section to gain insight into its petrogenesis. Here we present preliminary results from O isotopic and elemental maps by NanoSIMS and mineralogical analysis by FE-SEM of a FIB section of a WL rim in the Vigarano reduced CV3 chondrite.

  2. Fine-Gained CAIs in Comet Samples: Moderate Refractory Character and Comparison to Small Refractory Inclusions in Chondrites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Joswiak, D. J.; Brownlee, D. E.; Nguyen, A. N.; Messenger, S

    2017-01-01

    Examination of >200 comet Wild 2 particles collected by the Stardust (SD) mission shows that the CAI abundance of comet Wild 2's rocky material is near 1% and that nearly 50% of all bulbous tracks will contain at least one recognizable CAI fragment. A similar abundance to Wild 2 is found in a giant cluster IDP thought to be of cometary origin. The properties of these CAIs and their comparison with meteoritic CAIs provide important clues on the role of CAIs in the early Solar System (SS) and how they were transported to the edge of the solar nebula where Kuiper Belt comets formed. Previously, only two CAIs in comet Wild 2 had been identified and studied in detail. Here we present 2 new Wild 2 CAIs and 2 from a giant cluster cometary IDP, describe their mineralogical characteristics and show that they are most analogous to nodules in spinel-rich, fine-grained inclusions (FGIs) observed in CV3 and other chondrites. Additionally, we present new O isotope measurements from one CAI from comet Wild 2 and show that its oxygen isotopic composition is similar to some FGIs. This is only the second CAI from Wild 2 in which O isotopes have been measured.

  3. Silicon Isotopic Fractionation of CAI-like Vacuum Evaporation Residues

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knight, K; Kita, N; Mendybaev, R

    2009-06-18

    Calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are often enriched in the heavy isotopes of magnesium and silicon relative to bulk solar system materials. It is likely that these isotopic enrichments resulted from evaporative mass loss of magnesium and silicon from early solar system condensates while they were molten during one or more high-temperature reheating events. Quantitative interpretation of these enrichments requires laboratory determinations of the evaporation kinetics and associated isotopic fractionation effects for these elements. The experimental data for the kinetics of evaporation of magnesium and silicon and the evaporative isotopic fractionation of magnesium is reasonably complete for Type B CAI liquidsmore » (Richter et al., 2002, 2007a). However, the isotopic fractionation factor for silicon evaporating from such liquids has not been as extensively studied. Here we report new ion microprobe silicon isotopic measurements of residual glass from partial evaporation of Type B CAI liquids into vacuum. The silicon isotopic fractionation is reported as a kinetic fractionation factor, {alpha}{sub Si}, corresponding to the ratio of the silicon isotopic composition of the evaporation flux to that of the residual silicate liquid. For CAI-like melts, we find that {alpha}{sub Si} = 0.98985 {+-} 0.00044 (2{sigma}) for {sup 29}Si/{sup 28}Si with no resolvable variation with temperature over the temperature range of the experiments, 1600-1900 C. This value is different from what has been reported for evaporation of liquid Mg{sub 2}SiO{sub 4} (Davis et al., 1990) and of a melt with CI chondritic proportions of the major elements (Wang et al., 2001). There appears to be some compositional control on {alpha}{sub Si}, whereas no compositional effects have been reported for {alpha}{sub Mg}. We use the values of {alpha}Si and {alpha}Mg, to calculate the chemical compositions of the unevaporated precursors of a number of isotopically fractionated CAIs from CV chondrites

  4. Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 365: Baneberry Contamination Area, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Patrick Matthews

    2011-09-01

    Corrective Action Unit 365 comprises one corrective action site (CAS), CAS 08-23-02, U-8d Contamination Area. The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 365 based on the implementation of the corrective action of closure in place with a use restriction (UR). Corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from January 18, 2011, through August 2, 2011, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 365: Baneberry Contamination Area. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill data needs as definedmore » during the data quality objective (DQO) process. The CAU 365 dataset of investigation results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is complete and acceptable for use in supporting the DQO decisions. Investigation results were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. A radiological dose FAL of 25 millirem per year was established based on the Remote Work Area exposure scenario (336 hours of annual exposure). Radiological doses exceeding the FAL were found to be present to the southwest of the Baneberry crater. It was also assumed that radionuclide levels present within the crater and fissure exceed the FAL. Corrective actions were undertaken that consisted of establishing a UR and posting warning signs for the crater, fissure, and the area located to the southwest of the crater where soil concentrations exceeded the FAL. These URs were recorded in the FFACO database; the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) Facility Information Management System; and the NNSA/NSO CAU/CAS files. Therefore, NNSA/NSO provides the following recommendations: (1) No further corrective actions beyond what are described in this document are necessary for CAU 365. (2) A Notice of

  5. Micro-CAI in Education: Some Considerations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Majsterek, David

    This paper focuses on the applications which best suit the microcomputer in an educational setting with emphasis on adapting effective pedagogical practice to the computer's programability and delivery capabilities. Discovery learning and "being told" are identified as two types of computer assisted instruction (CAI) and sample uses of…

  6. CAI System with Multi-Media Text Through Web Browser for NC Lathe Programming

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mizugaki, Yoshio; Kikkawa, Koichi; Mizui, Masahiko; Kamijo, Keisuke

    A new Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) system for NC lathe programming has been developed with use of multi-media texts including movies, animations, pictures, sound and texts through Web browser. Although many CAI systems developed previously for NC programming consist of text-based instructions, it is difficult for beginners to learn NC programming with use of them. In the developed CAI system, multi-media texts are adopted for the help of users' understanding, and it is available through Web browser anytime and anywhere. Also the error log is automatically recorded for the future references. According to the NC programming coded by a user, the movement of the NC lathe is animated and shown in the monitor screen in front of the user. If its movement causes the collision between a cutting tool and the lathe, some sound and the caution remark are generated. If the user makes mistakes some times at a certain stage in learning NC, the corresponding suggestion is shown in the form of movies, animations, and so forth. By using the multimedia texts, users' attention is kept concentrated during a training course. In this paper, the configuration of the CAI system is explained and the actual procedures for users to learn the NC programming are also explained too. Some beginners tested this CAI system and their results are illustrated and discussed from the viewpoint of the efficiency and usefulness of this CAI system. A brief conclusion is also mentioned.

  7. Chronology of chrondrule and CAI formation: Mg-Al isotopic evidence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Macpherson, G. J.; Davis, A. M.

    1994-01-01

    Details of the chondrule and Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) formation during the earliest history of the solar system are imperfectly known. Because CAI's are more 'refractory' than ferromagnesian chondrules and have the lowest recorded initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of any solar system materials, the expectation is that CAI's formed earlier than chondrules. But it is not known, for example, if CAI formation had stopped by the time chondrule formation began. Conventional (absolute) age-dating techniques cannot adequately resolve small age differences (less than 10(exp 6) years) between objects of such antiquity. One approach has been to look at systematic differences in the daughter products of short-lived radionuclides such as Al-26 and I-129. Unfortunately, neither system appears to be 'well-behaved.' One possible reason for this circumstance is that later secondary events have partially reset the isotopic systems, but a viable alternative continues to be large-scale (nebular) heterogeneity in initial isotopic abundances, which would of course render the systems nearly useless as chronometers. In the past two years the nature of this problem has been redefined somewhat. Examination of the Al-Mg isotopic database for all CAI's suggests that the vast majority of inclusions originally had the same initial Al-26/Al-27 abundance ratio, and that the ill-behaved isotopic systematics now observed are the results of later partial reequilibration due to thermal processing. Isotopic heterogeneities did exist in the nebula, as demonstrated by the existence of so-called FUN inclusions in CV3 chondrites and isotopically anomalous hibonite grains in CM2 chondrites, which had little or no live Al-26 at the time of their formation. But, among the population of CV3 inclusions at least, FUN inclusions appear to have been a relatively minor nebular component.

  8. Individual Differences in Learner Controlled CAI.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Judd, Wilson A.; And Others

    Two assumptions in support of learner-controlled computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are that (1) instruction administered under learner control will be less aversive than if administered under program control, and (2) the student is sufficiently aware of his learning state to make, in most instances, his own instructional decisions. Some 130…

  9. INAA of CAIs from the Maralinga CK4 chondrite: Effects of parent body thermal metamorphism

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lindstrom, D. J.; Keller, L. P.; Martinez, R. R.

    1993-01-01

    Maralinga is an anomalous CK4 carbonaceous chondrite which contains numerous Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAI's) unlike the other members of the CK group. These CAI's are characterized by abundant green hercynitic spinel intergrown with plagioclase and high-Ca clinopyroxene, and a total lack of melilite. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to further characterize the meteorite, with special focus on the CAI's. High sensitivity INAA was done on eight sample disks about 100-150 microns in diameter obtained from a normal 30 micron thin section with a diamond microcoring device. The CAI's are enriched by 60-70X bulk meteorite values in Zn, suggesting that the substantial exchange of Fe for Mg that made the spinel in the CAI's hercynitic also allowed efficient scavenging of Zn from the rest of the meteorite during parent body thermal metamorphism. Less mobile elements appear to have maintained their initial heterogeneity.

  10. Willy: A prize noble Ur-Fremdling - Its history and implications for the formation of Fremdlinge and CAI

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Armstrong, J. T.; El Goresy, A.; Wasserburg, G. J.

    1985-01-01

    The structure and composition of Willy, a 150-micron-diameter Fremdling in CAI 5241 from the Allende meteorite, are investigated using optical, secondary-electron, and electron-backscatter microscopy and electron-microprobe analysis. The results are presented in diagrams, maps, tables, graphs, and micrographs and compared with those for other Allende Fremdlinge. Willy is found to have a concentric-zone structure comprising a complex porous core of magnetite, metal, sulfide, scheelite, and other minor phases; a compact magnetite-apatite mantle; a thin (20 microns or less) reaction-assemblage zone; and a dense outer rim of fassaite with minor spinel. A multistage formation sequence involving changes in T and fO2 and preceding the introduction of Willy into the CAI (which itself preceded CAI spinel and silicate formation) is postulated, and it is inferred from the apparent lack of post-capture recrystallization that Willy has not been subjected to temperatures in excess of 600 C and may represent the precursor material for many other Fremdlinge.

  11. Preliminary verification for application of a support vector machine-based cloud detection method to GOSAT-2 CAI-2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oishi, Yu; Ishida, Haruma; Nakajima, Takashi Y.; Nakamura, Ryosuke; Matsunaga, Tsuneo

    2018-05-01

    The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was launched in 2009 to measure global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. GOSAT is equipped with two sensors: the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations (TANSO)-Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager (CAI). The presence of clouds in the instantaneous field of view of the FTS leads to incorrect estimates of the concentrations. Thus, the FTS data suspected to have cloud contamination must be identified by a CAI cloud discrimination algorithm and rejected. Conversely, overestimating clouds reduces the amount of FTS data that can be used to estimate greenhouse gas concentrations. This is a serious problem in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Amazon, where the amount of useable FTS data is small because of cloud cover. Preparations are continuing for the launch of the GOSAT-2 in fiscal year 2018. To improve the accuracy of the estimates of greenhouse gases concentrations, we need to refine the existing CAI cloud discrimination algorithm: Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1). A new cloud discrimination algorithm using a support vector machine (CLAUDIA3) was developed and presented in another paper. Although the use of visual inspection of clouds as a standard for judging is not practical for screening a full satellite data set, it has the advantage of allowing for locally optimized thresholds, while CLAUDIA1 and -3 use common global thresholds. Thus, the accuracy of visual inspection is better than that of these algorithms in most regions, with the exception of snow- and ice-covered surfaces, where there is not enough spectral contrast to identify cloud. In other words, visual inspection results can be used as truth data for accuracy evaluation of CLAUDIA1 and -3. For this reason visual inspection can be used for the truth metric for the cloud discrimination verification exercise. In this study, we compared CLAUDIA1-CAI and

  12. Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanova, Marina A.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; MacPherson, Glenn J.

    2012-12-01

    Abstract-Two compound calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), 3N from the oxidized CV chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 and 33E from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka, contain ultrarefractory (UR) inclusions. 3N is a forsterite-bearing type B (FoB) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> that encloses UR inclusion 3N-24 composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopside. 33E contains a fluffy type A (FTA) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and UR <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 33E-1, surrounded by Wark-Lovering rim layers of spinel, Al-diopside, and forsterite, and a common forsterite-rich accretionary rim. 33E-1 is composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, Zr,Sc,Y-rich pyroxenes (Al,Ti-diopside, Sc-rich pyroxene), and gehlenite. 3N-24's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-poor (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰). Spinel in 3N-24 and spinel and Al-diopside in the FoB <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are 16O-rich (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰). 33E-1's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-depleted (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰) vs. Al,Ti-diopside of the FTA <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and spinel (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰), and Wark-Lovering rim Al,Ti-diopside (Δ17O approximately -7‰ to -19‰). We infer that the inclusions experienced multistage formation in nebular regions with different oxygen-isotope compositions. 3N-24 and 33E-1's precursors formed by evaporation/condensation above 1600 °C. 3N and 33E's precursors formed by condensation and melting (3N only) at significantly lower temperatures. 3N-24 and 3N's precursors aggregated into a compound object and experienced partial melting and thermal annealing. 33E-1 and 33E avoided melting prior to and after aggregation. They acquired Wark-Lovering and common forsterite-rich accretionary rims, probably by condensation, followed by thermal annealing. We suggest 3N-24 and 33E-1 originated in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir and subsequently experienced isotope exchange in a 16O-poor gaseous reservoir. Mechanism and timing of oxygen-isotope exchange remain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/969477','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/969477"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 482: Area 15 U15a/e Muckpiles and Ponds Nevada Test Site</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NSTec Environmental Restoration</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document /Closure Report (CADD/CR) was prepared by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 482 U15a/e Muckpiles and Ponds. This CADD/CR is consistent with the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order agreed to by the State of Nevada, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 482 is comprised of three Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) and one adjacent area: CAS 15-06-01, U15e Muckpile; CAS 15-06-02, U15a Muckpile; CAS 15-38-01, Area 15 U15a/e Ponds; and Drainage below the U15a Muckpile. The purpose of thismore » CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure with no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span>, by placing use restrictions on the three CASs and the adjacent area of CAU 482. To support this recommendation, a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) was performed in September 2002. The purpose of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the Data Quality Objective (DQO) process: (1) Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present. (2) If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent. (3) Provide sufficient information and data to determine appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The CAU 482 dataset from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the dataset for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were evaluated against final <span class="hlt">action</span> levels (FALs) established in this document. Tier 2 FALS were determined for the hazardous constituents of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)-diesel-range organics (DRO) and the radionuclides americium (Am)-241, cesium (Cs)-137, plutonium (Pu)-238, and Pu-239. The Tier 2 FALs were calculated for the radionuclides using site-specific information. The hazardous constituents of TPH-DRO were compared to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005741"><span>NWA10758: A New CV3 Chondrite Bearing a Giant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with Hibonite-Rich Wark-Lovering Rim</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Zolensky, M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Northwest Africa (NWA) 10758 is a newly identified carbonaceous chondrite that is a Bali-like oxidized CV3. The large Ca-Al rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this sample is approx. 2.4 x 1.4 cm. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is transitional in composition between type A and type B, with interior mineralogy dominated by melilite, plus less abundant spinel and Al-Ti rich diopside, and only very minor anorthite (Fig. 1A). This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is largely free of secondary alteration in the exposed section we examined, with almost no nepheline, sodalite or Ca-Fe silicates. The Wark-Lovering (WL) rim on this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is dominated by hibonite, with lower abundances of spinel and perovskite, and with hibonite locally overlain by melilite plus perovskite (as in Fig. 1B). Note that the example shown in 1B is exceptional. Around most of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, hibonite + spinel + perovskite form the WL rim, without overlying melilite. The WL rim can be unusually thick, ranging from approx. 20 microns up to approx. 150 microns. A well-developed, stratified accretionary rim infills embayments of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and thins over protuberances in the convoluted <span class="hlt">CAI</span> surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163501"><span><span class="hlt">Cai</span>T of Escherichia coli, a new transporter catalyzing L-carnitine/gamma -butyrobetaine exchange.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jung, Heinrich; Buchholz, Marion; Clausen, Jurgen; Nietschke, Monika; Revermann, Anne; Schmid, Roland; Jung, Kirsten</p> <p>2002-10-18</p> <p>l-Carnitine is essential for beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. Bacterial metabolic pathways are used for the production of this medically important compound. Here, we report the first detailed functional characterization of the <span class="hlt">cai</span>T gene product, a putative transport protein whose function is required for l-carnitine conversion in Escherichia coli. The <span class="hlt">cai</span>T gene was overexpressed in E. coli, and the gene product was purified by affinity chromatography and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Functional analyses with intact cells and proteoliposomes demonstrated that <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T is able to catalyze the exchange of l-carnitine for gamma-butyrobetaine, the excreted end product of l-carnitine conversion in E. coli, and related betaines. Electrochemical ion gradients did not significantly stimulate l-carnitine uptake. Analysis of l-carnitine counterflow yielded an apparent external K(m) of 105 microm and a turnover number of 5.5 s(-1). Contrary to related proteins, <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T activity was not modulated by osmotic stress. l-Carnitine binding to <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T increased the protein fluorescence and caused a red shift in the emission maximum, an observation explained by ligand-induced conformational alterations. The fluorescence effect was specific for betaine structures, for which the distance between trimethylammonium and carboxyl groups proved to be crucial for affinity. Taken together, the results suggest that <span class="hlt">Cai</span>T functions as an exchanger (antiporter) for l-carnitine and gamma-butyrobetaine according to the substrate/product antiport principle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001852','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001852"><span>Ca-Fe and Alkali-Halide Alteration of an Allende Type B <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Aqueous Alteration in Nebular or Asteroidal Settings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Ca-Fe and alkali-halide alteration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is often attributed to aqueous alteration by fluids circulating on asteroidal parent bodies after the various chondritic components have been assembled, although debate continues about the roles of asteroidal vs. nebular modification processes [1-7]. Here we report de-tailed observations of alteration products in a large Type B2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, TS4 from Allende, one of the oxidized subgroup of CV3s, and propose a speculative model for aqueous alteration of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in a nebular setting. Ca-Fe alteration in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> consists predominantly of end-member hedenbergite, end-member andradite, and compositionally variable, magnesian high-Ca pyroxene. These phases are strongly concentrated in an unusual "nodule" enclosed within the interior of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Fig. 1). The Ca, Fe-rich nodule superficially resembles a clast that pre-dated and was engulfed by the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but closer inspection shows that relic spinel grains are enclosed in the nodule, and corroded <span class="hlt">CAI</span> primary phases interfinger with the Fe-rich phases at the nodule s margins. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> also contains abundant sodalite and nepheline (alkali-halide) alteration that occurs around the rims of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but also penetrates more deeply into the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The two types of alteration (Ca-Fe and alkali-halide) are adjacent, and very fine-grained Fe-rich phases are associated with sodalite-rich regions. Both types of alteration appear to be replacive; if that is true, it would require substantial introduction of Fe, and transport of elements (Ti, Al and Mg) out of the nodule, and introduction of Na and Cl into alkali-halide rich zones. Parts of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> have been extensively metasomatized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED152294.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED152294.pdf"><span>The Relevance of AI Research to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kearsley, Greg P.</p> <p></p> <p>This article provides a tutorial introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for those involved in Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). The general theme is that much of the current work in AI, particularly in the areas of natural language understanding systems, rule induction, programming languages, and socratic systems, has important…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...65M"><span>High precision Al-Mg systematics of forsterite-bearing Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV3 chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Bullock, E. S.; Tenner, T. J.; Nakashima, D.; Kita, N. T.; Ivanova, M. A.; Krot, A. N.; Petaev, M. I.; Jacobsen, S. B.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>In order to further elucidate possible temporal relationships between different varieties of calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>), we measured the aluminum-magnesium isotopic systematics of seven examples of the rare type known as forsterite-bearing Type B (FoB) inclusions from four different CV3 carbonaceous chondrites: Allende, Efremovka, NWA 3118, and Vigarano. The primary phases (forsterite, Al-Ti-rich diopside, spinel, melilite, and anorthite) in each inclusion were analyzed in situ using high-precision secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS). In all cases, minerals with low Al/Mg ratios (all except anorthite) yield well-defined internal Al-Mg isochrons, with a range of initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] ranging from (5.30 ± 0.22) × 10-5 down to (4.17 ± 0.43) × 10-5. Anorthite in all cases is significantly disturbed relative to the isochrons defined by the other phases in the same <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and in several cases contains no resolved excesses of radiogenic 26Mg (δ26Mg∗) even at 27Al/24Mg ratios greater than 1000. The fact that some FoBs preserve (26Al/27Al)0 of ∼5.2 × 10-5, close to the canonical value of (5.23 ± 0.13) × 10-5 inferred from bulk magnesium-isotope measurements of CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (B. Jacobsen et al., 2008), demonstrates that FoBs began forming very early, contemporaneous with other more-refractory <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The range of (26Al/27Al)0 values further shows that FoBs continued to be reprocessed over ∼200,000 years of nebular history, consistent with results obtained for other types of igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CV chondrites. The absence of any correlation between of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> + FoB formation or reprocessing times with bulk composition or <span class="hlt">CAI</span> type means that there is no temporal evolutionary sequence between the diverse <span class="hlt">CAI</span> types. The initial δ26Mg∗ value in the most primitive FoB (SJ101) is significantly lower than the canonical solar system value of -0.040 ± 0.029‰.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED058725.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED058725.pdf"><span>Who Should Develop Instructional Materials for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Seidel, Robert J.</p> <p></p> <p>The nonprofit special organization as a developer of computer-administered instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is advocated in this paper. The organization of universities and their mode of operation do not lend themselves to instructional product development. Faculty members engage in such efforts on a part-time basis and in competition with higher priority…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006931','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006931"><span>Northwest Africa 10758: A New CV3 Chondrite Bearing a Giant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with Hibonite-Rich Wark-Lovering Rim</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ross, D. K.; Simon, J. I.; Zolensky, M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Northwest Africa (NWA) 10758 is a newly identified carbonaceous chondrite that is a Bali-like oxidized CV3. The large Ca-Al rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this sample is approx. 2.4 x 1.4 cm. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is transitional in composition between type A and type B, with interior mineralogy dominated by melilite, plus less abundant spinel and Al-Ti rich diopside, and only very minor anorthite (Fig. 1A). This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is largely free of secondary alteration in the exposed section we examined, with almost no nepheline, sodalite or Ca-Fe silicates. The Wark-Lovering (WL) rim on this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is dominated by hibonite, with lower abundances of spinel and perovskite, and with hibonite locally overlain by melilite plus perovskite (as in Fig. 1B). Note that the example shown in 1B is exceptional. Around most of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, hibonite + spinel + perovskite form the WL rim, without overlying melilite. The WL rim can be unusually thick, ranging from approx.20 microns up to approx. 150 microns. A well-developed, stratified accretionary rim infills embayments of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and thins over protuberances in the convoluted <span class="hlt">CAI</span> surface.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/838784','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/838784"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No. 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Robert Boehlecke</p> <p>2004-04-01</p> <p>The six bunkers included in CAU 204 were primarily used to monitor atmospheric testing or store munitions. The ''Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada'' (NNSA/NV, 2002a) provides information relating to the history, planning, and scope of the <span class="hlt">investigation</span>; therefore, it will not be repeated in this CADD. This CADD identifies potential corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and provides a rationale for the selection of a recommended corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative for each CAS within CAU 204. The evaluation of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives is based on process knowledge and the results of <span class="hlt">investigative</span> activitiesmore » conducted in accordance with the CAIP (NNSA/NV, 2002a) that was approved prior to the start of the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Record of Technical Change (ROTC) No. 1 to the CAIP (approval pending) documents changes to the preliminary <span class="hlt">action</span> levels (PALs) agreed to by the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) and DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO). This ROTC specifically discusses the radiological PALs and their application to the findings of the CAU 204 corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. The scope of this CADD consists of the following: (1) Develop corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> objectives; (2) Identify corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative screening criteria; (3) Develop corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives; (4) Perform detailed and comparative evaluations of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives in relation to corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> objectives and screening criteria; and (5) Recommend and justify a preferred corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative for each CAS within CAU 204.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20919396-experimental-study-combustion-characteristics-scci-cai-based-direct-injection-gasoline-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20919396-experimental-study-combustion-characteristics-scci-cai-based-direct-injection-gasoline-engine"><span>An experimental study of the combustion characteristics in SCCI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> based on direct-injection gasoline engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, C.H.; Lee, K.H.</p> <p>2007-08-15</p> <p>Emissions remain a critical issue affecting engine design and operation, while energy conservation is becoming increasingly important. One approach to favorably address these issues is to achieve homogeneous charge combustion and stratified charge combustion at lower peak temperatures with a variable compression ratio, a variable intake temperature and a trapped rate of the EGR using NVO (negative valve overlap). This experiment was attempted to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the origins of these lower temperature auto-ignition phenomena with SCCI and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> using gasoline fuel. In case of SCCI, the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline-fueled stratified-charge compression ignition (SCCI) engine according to intake temperaturemore » and compression ratio was examined. We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effects of air-fuel ratio, residual EGR rate and injection timing on the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> combustion area. In addition, the effect of injection timing on combustion factors such as the start of combustion, its duration and its heat release rate was also <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. (author)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950042229&hterms=FeTiO3&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFeTiO3','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950042229&hterms=FeTiO3&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFeTiO3"><span>An ion microprobe study of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CO3 meteorites. [Abstract only</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Russell, S. S.; Greenwood, R. C.; Fahey, A. J.; Huss, G. R.; Wasserburg, G. J.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>When attempting to interpret the history of Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) it is often difficult to distinguish between primary features inherited from the nebula and those produced during secondary processing on the parent body. We have undertaken a systematic study of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from 10 CO chondrites, believed to represent a metamorphic sequence with the goal of distinguishing primary and secondary features. ALHA 77307 (3.0), Colony (3.0), Kainsaz (3.1), Felix (3.2), ALH 82101 (3.3), Ornans (3.3), Lance (3.4), ALHA 77003 (3.5), Warrenton (3.6), and Isna (3.7) were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. We have identified 141 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> within these samples, and studied in detail the petrology of 34 inclusions. The primary phases in the lower petrologic types are spinel, melilite, and hibonite. Perovskite, FeS, ilmenite, anorthite, kirschsteinite, and metallic Fe are present as minor phases. Melilite becomes less abundant in higher petrologic types and was not detected in chondrites of type 3.5 and above, confirming previous reports that this mineral easily breaks down during heating. Iron, an element that would not be expected to condense at high temperatures, has a lower abundance in spinel from low-petrologic-type meteorites than those of higher grade, and CaTiO3 is replaced by FeTiO3 in meteorites of higher petrologic type. The abundance of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is similar in each meteorite. Eight inclusions have been analyzed by ion probe. The results are summarized. The results obtained to date show that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CO meteorites, like those from other meteorite classes, contain Mg* and that Mg in some inclusions has been redistributed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/838783','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/838783"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 99: Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada with Errata and ROTC 1, Rev. No. 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McCord, John; Marutzky, Sam</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p> the caldera as well as from more distant sources. This has resulted in a layered volcanic stratigraphy composed of thick deposits of welded and nonwelded ash-flow tuff and lava flows. These deposits are proximal to the source caldera and are interstratified with the more distal facies of fallout tephra and bedded reworked tuff from more distant sources. In each area, a similar volcanic sequence was deposited upon Paleozoic carbonate and siliciclastic rocks that are disrupted by various thrust faults, normal faults, and strike-slip faults. In both Rainier Mesa (km) to the southwest, and Tippipah Spring, 4 km to the north, and the tunnel complex is dry. Particle-tracking simulations performed during the value of information analysis (VOIA) (SNJV, 2004b) indicate that most of the regional groundwater that underlies the test locations at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain eventually follows similar and parallel paths and ultimately discharges in Death Valley and the Amargosa Desert. Particle-tracking simulations conducted for the regional groundwater flow and risk assessment indicated that contamination from Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain were unlikely to leave the NTS during the 1,000-year period of interest (DOE/NV, 1997a). It is anticipated that CAU-scale modeling will modify these results somewhat, but it is not expected to radically alter the outcome of these previous particle-tracking simulations within the 1,000-year period of interest. The Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain CAIP describes the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to be conducted at the Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain CAU to evaluate the extent of contamination in groundwater due to the underground nuclear testing. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> will be conducted by the UGTA Project, which is part of the NNSA/NSO Environmental Restoration Project (ERP). The purpose and scope of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are presented in this section, followed by a summary of the entire document.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26133743','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26133743"><span>Gender Role, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> ("XY-Women") Compared With Subfertile and Infertile 46,XX Women.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brunner, Franziska; Fliegner, Maike; Krupp, Kerstin; Rall, Katharina; Brucker, Sara; Richter-Appelt, Hertha</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The perception of gender development of individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) as unambiguously female has recently been challenged in both qualitative data and case reports of male gender identity. The aim of the mixed-method study presented was to examine the self-perception of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> individuals regarding different aspects of gender and to identify commonalities and differences in comparison with subfertile and infertile XX-chromosomal women with diagnoses of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study sample comprised 11 participants with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, 49 with MRKHS, and 55 with PCOS. Gender identity was assessed by means of a multidimensional instrument, which showed significant differences between the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> group and the XX-chromosomal women. Other-than-female gender roles and neither-female-nor-male sexes/genders were reported only by individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. The percentage with a not exclusively androphile sexual orientation was unexceptionally high in the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> group compared to the prevalence in "normative" women and the clinical groups. The findings support the assumption made by Meyer-Bahlburg ( 2010 ) that gender outcome in people with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is more variable than generally stated. Parents and professionals should thus be open to courses of gender development other than typically female in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5383392','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5383392"><span>Design specifications for NALDA (Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (computer aided instruction): Phase 2, Interim report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Twitty, A.F.; Handler, B.H.; Duncan, L.D.</p> <p></p> <p>Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel are developing a prototype computer aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) system for the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis (NALDA) system. The objective of this project is to provide a prototype for implementing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as an enhancement to existing NALDA training. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prototype project is being performed in phases. The task undertaken in Phase I was to analyze the problem and the alternative solutions and to develop a set of recommendations on how best to proceed. In Phase II a structured design and specification document was completed that will provide the basis for development and implementationmore » of the desired <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system. Phase III will consist of designing, developing, and testing a user interface which will extend the features of the Phase II prototype. The design of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prototype has followed a rigorous structured analysis based on Yourdon/DeMarco methodology and Information Engineering tools. This document includes data flow diagrams, a data dictionary, process specifications, an entity-relationship diagram, a curriculum description, special function key definitions, and a set of standards developed for the NALDA <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Prototype.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0175O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0175O"><span>The impact of the use of different satellite data as training data against GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oishi, Y.; Ishida, H.; Nakajima, T. Y.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2) will be launched in fiscal 2017 to determine atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CH4, and CO. GOSAT-2 will be equipped with two sensors: the Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)-Fourier Transform Spectrometer-2 (FTS-2) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2). <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 is a push-broom imaging sensor that has forward- and backward-looking bands for observing the optical properties of aerosols and clouds, and for monitoring the status of urban air pollution and transboundary air pollution over oceans. An important role of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 is to perform cloud discrimination in each direction. The Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1), which applies sequential threshold tests to features, has been used in GOSAT <span class="hlt">CAI</span> L2 cloud flag processing. If CLAUDIA1 used with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2, it is necessary to optimize the thresholds in accordance with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2. Meanwhile, CLAUDIA3 using support vector machines (SVM), which is a supervised pattern recognition method, was developed for GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination processing. Thus, CLAUDIA3 can automatically find the optimized boundary between clear and cloudy. Improvement of the CLAUDIA3 used with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (CLAUDIA3-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has carried out and is still continuing. In this study we compared results of CLAUDIA3-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> using Terra MODIS data and GOSAT <span class="hlt">CAI</span> data as training data to clarify the impact of the use of different satellite data as training data against GOSAT-2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 L2 cloud discrimination. We will present our latest results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=binary+AND+number+AND+system+AND+computers&pg=3&id=ED198791','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=binary+AND+number+AND+system+AND+computers&pg=3&id=ED198791"><span>A Multi-Media <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Terminal Based upon a Microprocessor with Applications for the Handicapped.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brebner, Ann; Hallworth, H. J.</p> <p></p> <p>The design of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interface described is based on the microprocessor in order to meet three basic requirements for providing appropriate instruction to the developmentally handicapped: (1) portability, so that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> can be taken into the customary learning environment; (2) reliability; and (3) flexibility, to permit use of new input and output…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED297998.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED297998.pdf"><span>The Effect of Mode of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and Individual Learning Differences on the Understanding of Concept Relationships.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rowland, Paul McD.</p> <p></p> <p>The effect of mode of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and individual learning differences on the learning of science concepts was <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. University elementary education majors learned about home energy use from either a computer simulation or a computer tutorial. Learning of science concepts was measured using achievement and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001393','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001393"><span>A FIB/TEM Study of a Complex Wark-Lovering Rim on a Vigarano <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Wark-Lovering (WL) rims are thin multilayered mineral sequences that surround most Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Several processes have been proposed for WL rim formation, including condensation, flash-heating or reaction with a nebular reservoir, or combinations of these [e.g. 1-7], but no consensus exists. Our previous coordinated transmission electron microscope (TEM) and NanoSIMS O isotopic measurements showed that a WL rim experienced flash heating events in a nebular environment with planetary O isotopic composition, distinct from the (16)O-rich formation environment [6]. Our efforts have focused on <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the CV(sub red) chondrites, especially Vigarano, because these have escaped much of the parent body alteration effects that are common in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV(sub ox) group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P51A2558C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P51A2558C"><span>Exploring Chondrule and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Rims Using Micro- and Nano-Scale Petrological and Compositional Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cartwright, J. A.; Perez-Huerta, A.; Leitner, J.; Vollmer, C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>As the major components within chondrites, chondrules (mm-sized droplets of quenched silicate melt) and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>, refractory) represent the most abundant and the earliest materials that solidified from the solar nebula. However, the exact formation mechanisms of these clasts, and whether these processes are related, remains unconstrained, despite extensive petrological and compositional study. By taking advantage of recent advances in nano-scale tomographical techniques, we have undertaken a combined micro- and nano-scale study of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and chondrule rim morphologies, to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> their formation mechanisms. The target lithologies for this research are Wark-Lovering rims (WLR), and fine-grained rims (FGR) around <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrules respectively, present within many chondrites. The FGRs, which are up to 100 µm thick, are of particular interest as recent studies have identified presolar grains within them. These grains predate the formation of our Solar System, suggesting FGR formation under nebular conditions. By contrast, WLRs are 10-20 µm thick, made of different compositional layers, and likely formed by flash-heating shortly after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, thus recording nebular conditions. A detailed multi-scale study of these respective rims will enable us to better understand their formation histories and determine the potential for commonality between these two phases, despite reports of an observed formation age difference of up to 2-3 Myr. We are using a combination of complimentary techniques on our selected target areas: 1) Micro-scale characterization using standard microscopic and compositional techniques (SEM-EBSD, EMPA); 2) Nano-scale characterization of structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental, isotopic and tomographic analysis with NanoSIMS and atom probe tomography (APT). Preliminary nano-scale APT analysis of FGR morphologies within the Allende carbonaceous chondrite has successfully discerned</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1062R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012M%26PS...47.1062R"><span>A new model for the origin of Type-B and Fluffy Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Analogies to remelted compound chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rubin, Alan E.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>In the scenario developed here, most types of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) formed near the Sun where they developed Wark-Lovering rims before being transported by aerodynamic forces throughout the nebula. The amount of ambient dust in the nebula varied with heliocentric distance, peaking in the CV-CK formation location. Literature data show that accretionary rims (which occur outside the Wark-Lovering rims) around <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain substantial 16O-rich forsterite, suggesting that, at this time, the ambient dust in the nebula consisted largely of 16O-rich forsterite. Individual sub-millimeter-size Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (each surrounded by a Wark-Lovering rim) collided in the CV-CK region and stuck together (in a manner similar to that of sibling compound chondrules); the CTAs were mixed with small amounts of 16O-rich mafic dust and formed centimeter-size compound objects (large Fluffy Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) after experiencing minor melting. In contrast to other types of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, centimeter-size Type-B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed directly in the CV-CK region after gehlenite-rich Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> collided and stuck together, incorporated significant amounts of 16O-rich forsteritic dust (on the order of 10-15%) and probably some anorthite, and experienced extensive melting and partial evaporation. (Enveloping compound chondrules formed in an analogous manner.) In those cases where appreciably higher amounts of 16O-rich forsterite (on the order of 25%) (and perhaps minor anorthite and pyroxene) were incorporated into compound Type-A objects prior to melting, centimeter-size forsterite-bearing Type-B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (B3 inclusions) were produced. Type-B1 inclusions formed from B2 inclusions that collided with and stuck to melilite-rich Compact Type-A <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and experienced high-temperature processing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED153600.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED153600.pdf"><span>The Cost of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: A Matter of Assumptions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kearsley, Greg P.</p> <p></p> <p>Cost estimates for Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) depend crucially upon the particular assumptions made about the components of the system to be included in the costs, the expected lifetime of the system and courseware, and the anticipated student utilization of the system/courseware. The cost estimates of three currently operational systems…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542412','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542412"><span>The Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>): development and validation of an empirically derived, brief interview-based measure of cognition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ventura, Joseph; Reise, Steven P; Keefe, Richard S E; Baade, Lyle E; Gold, James M; Green, Michael F; Kern, Robert S; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle; Nuechterlein, Keith H; Seidman, Larry J; Bilder, Robert M</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Practical, reliable "real world" measures of cognition are needed to supplement neurocognitive performance data to evaluate possible efficacy of new drugs targeting cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Because interview-based measures of cognition offer one possible approach, data from the MATRICS initiative (n=176) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in Schizophrenia (CGI-CogS). We used classical test theory methods and item response theory to derive the 10-item Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the SCoRS and CGI-CogS ("parent instruments"). Sources of information for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ratings included the patient and an informant. Validity analyses examined the relationship between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and objective measures of cognitive functioning, intermediate measures of cognition, and functional outcome. The rater's score from the newly derived <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (10 items) correlate highly (r=.87) with those from the combined set of the SCoRS and CGI-CogS (41 items). Both the patient (r=.82) and the informant (r=.95) data were highly correlated with the rater's score. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was modestly correlated with objectively measured neurocognition (r=-.32), functional capacity (r=-.44), and functional outcome (r=-.32), which was comparable to the parent instruments. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> allows for expert judgment in evaluating a patient's cognitive functioning and was modestly correlated with neurocognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcome. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a brief, repeatable, and potentially valuable tool for rating cognition in schizophrenia patients who are participating in clinical trials. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117856','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117856"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 105: Area 2 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report presents information supporting the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 105: Area 2 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada. CAU 105 comprises the following five corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): -02-23-04 Atmospheric Test Site - Whitney Closure In Place -02-23-05 Atmospheric Test Site T-2A Closure In Place -02-23-06 Atmospheric Test Site T-2B Clean Closure -02-23-08 Atmospheric Test Site T-2 Closure In Place -02-23-09 Atmospheric Test Site - Turk Closure In Place The purpose of this Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that nomore » further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> is needed for CAU 105 based on the implementation of the corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) activities were performed from October 22, 2012, through May 23, 2013, as set forth in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 105: Area 2 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites; and in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan, which establishes requirements, technical planning, and general quality practices.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/891961','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/891961"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219: Septic Systems and Injection Wells, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>David Strand</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report has been prepared for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 219, Septic Systems and Injection Wells, in Areas 3, 16, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (1996). Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219 is comprised of the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): (1) 03-11-01, Steam Pipes and Asbestos Tiles; (2) 16-04-01, Septic Tanks (3); (3) 16-04-02, Distribution Box; (4) 16-04-03, Sewer Pipes; (5) 23-20-01, DNA Motor Pool Sewage and Waste System; and (6) 23-20-02, Injection Well. The purpose of this Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report ismore » to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure of CAU 219 with no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> beyond the application of a use restriction at CASs 16-04-01, 16-04-02, and 16-04-03. To achieve this, corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) activities were performed from June 20 through October 12, 2005, as set forth in the CAU 219 Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan and Record of Technical Change No. 1. A best management practice was implemented at CASs 16-04-01, 16-04-02, and 16-04-03, and corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> was performed at CAS 23-20-01 between January and April 2006. In addition, a use restriction will be applied to CASs 16-04-01, 16-04-02, and 16-04-03 to provide additional protection to Nevada Test Site personnel. The purpose of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process: (1) Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present. (2) If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent. (3) Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The CAU 219 dataset from the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the dataset for use in fulfilling the DQO data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...25W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201...25W"><span>Thermal and chemical evolution in the early solar system as recorded by FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Part I - Petrology, mineral chemistry, and isotopic composition of Allende FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> CMS-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, C. D.; Ushikubo, T.; Bullock, E. S.; Janney, P. E.; Hines, R. R.; Kita, N. T.; Hervig, R. L.; MacPherson, G. J.; Mendybaev, R. A.; Richter, F. M.; Wadhwa, M.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Detailed petrologic, geochemical and isotopic analyses of a new FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the Allende CV3 meteorite (designated CMS-1) indicate that it formed by extensive melting and evaporation of primitive precursor material(s). The precursor material(s) condensed in a 16O-rich region (δ17O and δ18O ∼ -49‰) of the inner solar nebula dominated by gas of solar composition at total pressures of ∼10-3-10-6 bar. Subsequent melting of the precursor material(s) was accompanied by evaporative loss of magnesium, silicon and oxygen resulting in large mass-dependent isotope fractionations in these elements (δ25Mg = 30.71-39.26‰, δ29Si = 14.98-16.65‰, and δ18O = -41.57 to -15.50‰). This evaporative loss resulted in a bulk composition similar to that of compact Type A and Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but very distinct from the composition of the original precursor condensate(s). Kinetic fractionation factors and the measured mass-dependent fractionation of silicon and magnesium in CMS-1 suggest that ∼80% of the silicon and ∼85% of the magnesium were lost from its precursor material(s) through evaporative processes. These results suggest that the precursor material(s) of normal and FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> condensed in similar environments, but subsequently evolved under vastly different conditions such as total gas pressure. The chemical and isotopic differences between normal and FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> could be explained by sorting of early solar system materials into distinct physical and chemical regimes, in conjunction with discrete heating events, within the protoplanetary disk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3184638','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3184638"><span>The Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>): Development and Validation of an Empirically Derived, Brief Interview-Based Measure of Cognition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ventura, Joseph; Reise, Steven P.; Keefe, Richard S. E.; Baade, Lyle E.; Gold, James M.; Green, Michael F.; Kern, Robert S.; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle; Nuechterlein, Keith H.; Seidman, Larry J.; Bilder, Robert M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Practical, reliable “real world” measures of cognition are needed to supplement neurocognitive performance data to evaluate possible efficacy of new drugs targeting cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Because interview-based measures of cognition offer one possible approach, data from the MATRICS initiative (n=176) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in Schizophrenia (CGI-CogS). Method We used classical test theory methods and item response theory to derive the 10 item Cognitive Assessment Interview (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the SCoRS and CGI-Cogs (“parent instruments”). Sources of information for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ratings included the patient and an informant. Validity analyses examined the relationship between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and objective measures of cognitive functioning, intermediate measures of cognition, and functional outcome. Results The rater’s score from the newly derived <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (10-items) correlate highly (r = .87) with those from the combined set of the SCoRS and CGI-CogS (41 items). Both the patient (r= .82) and the informant (r= .95) data were highly correlated with the rater’s score. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was modestly correlated with objectively measured neurocognition (r = −.32), functional capacity (r = −.44), and functional outcome (r = −.32), which was comparable to the parent instruments. Conclusions The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> allows for expert judgment in evaluating a patient’s cognitive functioning and was modestly correlated with neurocognitive functioning, functional capacity, and functional outcome. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a brief, repeatable, and potentially valuable tool for rating cognition in schizophrenia patients who are participating in clinical trials. PMID:20542412</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6355F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6355F"><span>Oxygen, Magnesium, and Aluminum Isotopes in the Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Re-Examining High-Temperature Fractionations in CI Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frank, D. R.; Huss, G. R.; Nagashima, K.; Zolensky, M. E.; Le, L.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The only whole <span class="hlt">CAI</span> preserved in the aqueously altered CI chondrites is 16O-rich and has no resolvable radiogenic Mg. Accretion of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by the CI parent object(s) may limit the precision of cosmochemical models that require a CI starting composition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21390725-experimental-study-fuel-injection-strategies-cai-gasoline-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21390725-experimental-study-fuel-injection-strategies-cai-gasoline-engine"><span>An experimental study of fuel injection strategies in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> gasoline engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hunicz, J.; Kordos, P.</p> <p>2011-01-15</p> <p>Combustion of gasoline in a direct injection controlled auto-ignition (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) single-cylinder research engine was studied. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> operation was achieved with the use of the negative valve overlap (NVO) technique and internal exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR). Experiments were performed at single injection and split injection, where some amount of fuel was injected close to top dead centre (TDC) during NVO interval, and the second injection was applied with variable timing. Additionally, combustion at variable fuel-rail pressure was examined. <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> showed that at fuel injection into recompressed exhaust fuel reforming took place. This process was identified via an analysis of the exhaust-fuelmore » mixture composition after NVO interval. It was found that at single fuel injection in NVO phase, its advance determined the heat release rate and auto-ignition timing, and had a strong influence on NO{sub X} emission. However, a delay of single injection to intake stroke resulted in deterioration of cycle-to-cycle variability. Application of split injection showed benefits of this strategy versus single injection. Examinations of different fuel mass split ratios and variable second injection timing resulted in further optimisation of mixture formation. At equal share of the fuel mass injected in the first injection during NVO and in the second injection at the beginning of compression, the lowest emission level and cyclic variability improvement were observed. (author)« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078681.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078681.pdf"><span>An Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Monitor and Generative Tutor. Interim Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Koffman, Elliot B.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>Design techniques for generative computer-assisted-instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) systems are described in this report. These are systems capable of generating problems for students and of deriving and monitoring solutions; problem difficulty, instructional pace, and depth of monitoring are all individually tailored and parts of the solution algorithms can…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343582.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED343582.pdf"><span>The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>/Cooperative Learning Project. First Year Evaluation Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Beyer, Francine S.</p> <p></p> <p>This report presents a first year evaluation of the Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>)/ Cooperative Learning Project, a 3-year collaborative effort by two Pennsylvania school districts--the Pittston Area School District and the Hatboro-Horsham School District--and Research for Better Schools (RBS). The project proposed to integrate advanced…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066307.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066307.pdf"><span>A Study of Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) over Classroom Lecture (CRL) at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kaousar, Tayyeba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with classroom lecture and computer-assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypotheses of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1022621','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1022621"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 98: Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Irene Farnham and Sam Marutzky</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>This CADD/CAP follows the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) stage, which results in development of a set of contaminant boundary forecasts produced from groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling of the Frenchman Flat CAU. The Frenchman Flat CAU is located in the southeastern portion of the NNSS and comprises 10 underground nuclear tests. The tests were conducted between 1965 and 1971 and resulted in the release of radionuclides in the subsurface in the vicinity of the test cavities. Two important aspects of the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> process are presented within this CADD/CAP. The CADD portion describes the results of the Frenchman Flatmore » CAU data-collection and modeling activities completed during the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> stage. The corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> objectives and the <span class="hlt">actions</span> recommended to meet the objectives are also described. The CAP portion describes the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> implementation plan. The CAP begins with the presentation of CAU regulatory boundary objectives and initial use restriction boundaries that are identified and negotiated by NNSA/NSO and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP). The CAP also presents the model evaluation process designed to build confidence that the flow and contaminant transport modeling results can be used for the regulatory decisions required for CAU closure. The first two stages of the strategy have been completed for the Frenchman Flat CAU. A value of information analysis and a CAIP were developed during the CAIP stage. During the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> stage, a CAIP addendum was developed, and the activities proposed in the CAIP and addendum were completed. These activities included hydrogeologic <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of the underground testing areas, aquifer testing, isotopic and geochemistry-based <span class="hlt">investigations</span>, and integrated geophysical <span class="hlt">investigations</span>. After these <span class="hlt">investigations</span>, a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model was developed to forecast contaminant boundaries that enclose areas potentially exceeding the Safe</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343772','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343772"><span>Addendum to the Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 411: Double Tracks Plutonium Dispersion (Nellis), Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Burmeister, Mark</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 411 Closure Report (CR) was published in June 2016 (NNSA/NFO, 2016). The purpose of this addendum is to clarify language in the CR relating to the field instrument for the detection of low-energy radiation (FIDLER), provide the waste disposal documentation for waste generated during the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), and reference a letter from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) regarding the closure of CAU 411.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22078296-variable-extreme-irradiation-conditions-early-solar-system-inferred-from-initial-abundance-sup-isheyevo-cais','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22078296-variable-extreme-irradiation-conditions-early-solar-system-inferred-from-initial-abundance-sup-isheyevo-cais"><span>VARIABLE AND EXTREME IRRADIATION CONDITIONS IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM INFERRED FROM THE INITIAL ABUNDANCE OF {sup 10}Be IN ISHEYEVO <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gounelle, Matthieu; Chaussidon, Marc; Rollion-Bard, Claire, E-mail: gounelle@mnhn.fr</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>A search for short-lived {sup 10}Be in 21 calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from Isheyevo, a rare CB/CH chondrite, showed that only 5 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> had {sup 10}B/{sup 11}B ratios higher than chondritic correlating with the elemental ratio {sup 9}Be/{sup 11}B, suggestive of in situ decay of this key short-lived radionuclide. The initial ({sup 10}Be/{sup 9}Be){sub 0} ratios vary between {approx}10{sup -3} and {approx}10{sup -2} for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411. The initial ratio of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 is one order of magnitude higher than the highest ratio found in CV3 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, suggesting that the more likely origin of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 {sup 10}Be is early solar systemmore » irradiation. The low ({sup 26}Al/{sup 27}Al){sub 0} [{<=} 8.9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7}] with which <span class="hlt">CAI</span> 411 formed indicates that it was exposed to gradual flares with a proton fluence of a few 10{sup 19} protons cm{sup -2}, during the earliest phases of the solar system, possibly the infrared class 0. The irradiation conditions for other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are less well constrained, with calculated fluences ranging between a few 10{sup 19} and 10{sup 20} protons cm{sup -2}. The variable and extreme value of the initial {sup 10}Be/{sup 9}Be ratios in carbonaceous chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is the reflection of the variable and extreme magnetic activity in young stars observed in the X-ray domain.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090020501','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090020501"><span>Rare Earth Element Measurements of Melilite and Fassaite in Allende <span class="hlt">Cai</span> by Nanosims</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ito, M.; Messenger, Scott</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The rare earth elements (REEs) are concentrated in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by approx. 20 times the chondritic average [e.g., 1]. The REEs in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are important to understand processes of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation including the role of volatilization, condensation, and fractional crystallization [1,2]. REE measurements are a well established application of ion microprobes [e.g., 3]. However the spatial resolution of REE measurements by ion microprobe (approx.20 m) is not adequate to resolve heterogeneous distributions of REEs among/within minerals. We have developed methods for measuring REE with the NanoSIMS 50L at smaller spatial scales. Here we present our initial measurements of REEs in melilite and fassaite in an Allende Type-A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with the JSC NanoSIMS 50L. We found that the key parameters for accurate REE abundance measurements differ between the NanoSIMS and conventional SIMS, in particular the oxide-to-element ratios, the relative sensitivity factors, the energy distributions, and requisite energy offset. Our REE abundance measurements of the 100 ppm REE diopside glass standards yielded good reproducibility and accuracy, 0.5-2.5 % and 5-25 %, respectively. We determined abundances and spatial distributions of REEs in core and rim within single crystals of fassaite, and adjacent melilite with 5-10 m spatial resolution. The REE abundances in fassaite core and rim are 20-100 times CI abundance but show a large negative Eu anomaly, exhibiting a well-defined Group III pattern. This is consistent with previous work [4]. On the other hand, adjacent melilite shows modified Group II pattern with no strong depletions of Eu and Yb, and no Tm positive anomaly. REE abundances (2-10 x CI) were lower than that of fassaite. These patterns suggest that fassaite crystallized first followed by a crystallization of melilite from the residual melt. In future work, we will carry out a correlated study of O and Mg isotopes and REEs of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in order to better understand the nature and timescales of its</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012819','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012819"><span>Stable Magnesium Isotope Variation in Melilite Mantle of Allende Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> EK 459-5-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kerekgyarto, A. G.; Jeffcoat, C. R.; Lapen, T. J.; Andreasen, R.; Righter, M.; Ross, D. K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the earliest formed crystalline material in our solar system and they record early Solar System processes. Here we present petrographic and delta Mg-25 data of melilite mantles in a Type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> that records early solar nebular processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841405','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841405"><span>Oxygen reservoirs in the early solar nebula inferred from an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Young, E D; Russell, S S</p> <p>1998-10-16</p> <p>Ultraviolet laser microprobe analyses of a calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite suggest that a line with a slope of exactly 1.00 on a plot of delta (17)O against delta (18)O represents the primitive oxygen isotope reservoir of the early solar nebula. Most meteorites are enriched in (17)O and (18)O relative to this line, and their oxygen isotope ratios can be explained by mass fractionation or isotope exchange initiating from the primitive reservoir. These data establish a link between the oxygen isotopic composition of the abundant ordinary chondrites and the primitive (16)O-rich component of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774267"><span>Oxygen reservoirs in the early solar nebula inferred from an allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Young; Russell</p> <p>1998-10-16</p> <p>Ultraviolet laser microprobe analyses of a calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the Allende meteorite suggest that a line with a slope of exactly 1.00 on a plot of delta17O against delta18O represents the primitive oxygen isotope reservoir of the early solar nebula. Most meteorites are enriched in 17O and 18O relative to this line, and their oxygen isotope ratios can be explained by mass fractionation or isotope exchange initiating from the primitive reservoir. These data establish a link between the oxygen isotopic composition of the abundant ordinary chondrites and the primitive 16O-rich component of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750022313','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750022313"><span>Alternative communication network designs for an operational Plato 4 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mobley, R. E., Jr.; Eastwood, L. F., Jr.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The cost of alternative communications networks for the dissemination of PLATO IV computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) was studied. Four communication techniques are compared: leased telephone lines, satellite communication, UHF TV, and low-power microwave radio. For each network design, costs per student contact hour are computed. These costs are derived as functions of student population density, a parameter which can be calculated from census data for one potential market for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the public primary and secondary schools. Calculating costs in this way allows one to determine which of the four communications alternatives can serve this market least expensively for any given area in the U.S. The analysis indicates that radio distribution techniques are cost optimum over a wide range of conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008E%26PSL.272..353J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008E%26PSL.272..353J"><span>26Al- 26Mg and 207Pb- 206Pb systematics of Allende <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Canonical solar initial 26Al/ 27Al ratio reinstated</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jacobsen, Benjamin; Yin, Qing-zhu; Moynier, Frederic; Amelin, Yuri; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Palme, Herbert</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>The precise knowledge of the initial 26Al/ 27Al ratio [( 26Al/ 27Al) 0] is crucial if we are to use the very first solid objects formed in our Solar System, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) as the "time zero" age-anchor and guide future work with other short-lived radio-chronometers in the early Solar System, as well as determining the inventory of heat budgets from radioactivities for early planetary differentiation. New high-precision multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) measurements of 27Al/ 24Mg ratios and Mg-isotopic compositions of nine whole-rock <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (six mineralogically characterized fragments and three micro-drilled inclusions) from the CV carbonaceous chondrite, Allende yield a well-defined 26Al- 26Mg fossil isochron with an ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 of (5.23 ± 0.13) × 10 - 5 . Internal mineral isochrons obtained for three of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> ( A44A, AJEF, and A43) are consistent with the whole-rock <span class="hlt">CAI</span> isochron. The mineral isochron of AJEF with ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 = (4.96 ± 0.25) × 10 - 5 , anchored to our precisely determined absolute 207Pb- 206Pb age of 4567.60 ± 0.36 Ma for the same mineral separates, reinstate the "canonical" ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 of 5 × 10 - 5 for the early Solar System. The uncertainty in ( 26Al/ 27Al) 0 corresponds to a maximum time span of ± 20 Ka (thousand years), suggesting that the Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation events were culminated within this time span. Although all Allende <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> studied experienced multistage formation history, including melting and evaporation in the solar nebula and post-crystallization alteration likely on the asteroidal parent body, the 26Al- 26Mg and U-Pb-isotopic systematics of the mineral separates and bulk <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> behaved largely as closed-system since their formation. Our data do not support the "supra-canonical" 26Al/ 27Al ratio of individual minerals or their mixtures in CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, suggesting that the supra-canonical 26Al/ 27Al ratio in the CV <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may have resulted from post</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005632','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170005632"><span>Multiple Nebular Gas Reservoirs Recorded by Oxygen Isotope Variation in a Spinel-rich <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in CO3 MIL 090019</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simon, J. I.; Simon, S. B.; Nguyen, A. N.; Ross, D. K.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>We conducted NanoSIMS O-isotopic imaging of a primitive spinel-rich <span class="hlt">CAI</span> spherule (27-2) from the MIL 090019 CO3 chondrite. Inclusions such as 27-2 are proposed to record inner nebula processes during an epoch of rapid solar nebula evolution. Mineralogical and textural analyses suggest that this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed by high temperature reactions, partial melting, and condensation. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exhibits radial O-isotopic heterogeneity among multiple occurrences of the same mineral, reflecting interactions with distinct nebular O-isotopic reservoirs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.983a2100Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.983a2100Y"><span>The enhancement of students’ mathematical representation in junior high school using cognitive apprenticeship instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yusepa, B. G. P.; Kusumah, Y. S.; Kartasasmita, B. G.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study aims to get an in-depth understanding of the enhancement of students’ mathematical representation. This study is experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The subject of this study is the students’ of the eighth grade from junior high schools in Bandung: high-level and middle-level. In each school, two parallel groups were chosen as a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was given cognitive apprenticeship instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) treatment while the control group was given conventional learning. The results show that the enhancement of students’ mathematical representation who obtained <span class="hlt">CAI</span> treatment was better than the conventional one, viewed which can be observed from the overall, mathematical prior knowledge (MPK), and school level. It can be concluded that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> can be used as a good alternative learning model to enhance students’ mathematical representation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006945','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006945"><span>Extending the granularity of representation and control for the MIL-STD <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> 1.0 node model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rogers, Kathy L.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The Common APSE (Ada 1 Program Support Environment) Interface Set (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) (DoD85) node model provides an excellent baseline for interfaces in a single-host development environment. To encompass the entire spectrum of computing, however, the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> model should be extended in four areas. It should provide the interface between the engineering workstation and the host system throughout the entire lifecycle of the system. It should provide a basis for communication and integration functions needed by distributed host environments. It should provide common interfaces for communications mechanisms to and among target processors. It should provide facilities for integration, validation, and verification of test beds extending to distributed systems on geographically separate processors with heterogeneous instruction set architectures (ISAS). Additions to the PROCESS NODE model to extend the <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> into these four areas are proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.221..275D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.221..275D"><span>Titanium isotopes and rare earth patterns in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: Evidence for thermal processing and gas-dust decoupling in the protoplanetary disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Davis, Andrew M.; Zhang, Junjun; Greber, Nicolas D.; Hu, Jingya; Tissot, François L. H.; Dauphas, Nicolas</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Titanium isotopic compositions (mass-dependent fractionation and isotopic anomalies) were measured in 46 calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from the Allende CV chondrite. After internal normalization to 49Ti/47Ti, we found that ε50Ti values are somewhat variable among <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and that ε46Ti is highly correlated with ε50Ti, with a best-fit slope of 0.162 ± 0.030 (95% confidence interval). The linear correlation between ε46Ti and ε50Ti extends the same correlation seen among bulk solar objects (slope 0.184 ± 0.007). This observation provides constraints on dynamic mixing of the solar disk and has implications for the nucleosynthetic origin of titanium isotopes, specifically on the possible contributions from various types of supernovae to the solar system. Titanium isotopic mass fractionation, expressed as δ‧49Ti, was measured by both sample-standard bracketing and double-spiking. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are isotopically unfractionated, within a 95% confidence interval of normal, but a few are significantly fractionated and the range δ‧49Ti is from ∼-4 to ∼+4. Rare earth element patterns were measured in 37 of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. All <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with significant titanium mass fractionation effects have group II and related REE patterns, implying kinetically controlled volatility fractionation during the formation of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED069154.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED069154.pdf"><span>The Computer as an Authority Figure: Some Effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on Student Perception of Teacher Authority. Technical Report Number 29.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brod, Rodney L.</p> <p></p> <p>A sociological theory of authority was used to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> some nonintellective, perhaps unintended, consequences of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) upon student's attitudes and orientations toward the organization of the school. An attitudinal questionnaire was used to survey attitudes toward the teacher and the computer in a junior high…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9292C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9292C"><span>B and Mg isotopic variations in Leoville mrs-06 type B1 <span class="hlt">cai</span>:origin of 10Be and 26Al</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chaussidon, M.; Robert, F.; Russel, S. S.; Gounelle, M.; Ash, R. D.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>The finding [1-3] in Ca-Al-rich refractory inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) of primitive chondrites of traces of the in situ decay of radioactive 10Be (half-life 1.5Myr) indicates that irradiation of the protosolar nebula by the young Sun in its T-Tauri phase has produced significant amounts of the Li-Be-B elements. This irradiation may have produced also some or all of the short-lived 26Al (half-life 0.7Myr) and 41Ca (half-life 0.1Myr) previously detected in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. To constrain the origin of 10Be and 10Al it is important to look for coupled variations in the 10Be/9Be and 26Al/27Al ratios in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and to understand the processes responsible for these variations (e.g. variations in the fluences of irradiation, secondary perturbations of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, ...) We have thus studied the Li and B isotopic compositions and the Be/Li and Be/B concentration ratios in one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (MRS-06) from the Leoville CV3 chondrite in which large variations of the Mg isotopic compositions showing both the in situ decay of 26Al and the secondary redistribution of Mg isotopes have been observed [4]. The results show large variations for the Li and B isotopic compositions (^7Li/^6Li ranging from 11.02±0.21 to 11.82±0.07, and 10B/11B ratios ranging from 0.2457±0.0053 to 0.2980±0.0085). The ^7Li/^6Li ratio tend to decrease towards the rim of the inclusion. The 10B/11B ratios are positively correlated with the ^9Be/11B ratios indicating the in situ decay of 10Be. However perturbations of the 10Be/B system are observed. They would correspond to an event which occurred approximately 2Myr after the formation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the irradiation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors which is responsible for the 10Be observed in the core of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. These perturbations seem compatible with those observed for the 26Al/Mg system but they might be due to an irradiation of the already-formed, isolated <span class="hlt">CAI</span> which would have resulted in increased 10Be/^9Be ratios and low ^7Li/^6Li ratios in the margin of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. [1] McKeegan K. D. et al. (2000</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006939','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170006939"><span>Oxygen, Magnesium, and Aluminum Isotopes in the Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Re-Examining High-Temperature Fractionations in CI Chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Frank, D. R.; Huss, G. R.; Nagashima, K.; Zolensky, M. E.; Le, L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>CI chondrites are thought to approximate the bulk solar system composition since they closely match the composition of the solar photosphere. Thus, chemical differences between a planetary object and the CI composition are interpreted to result from fractionations of a CI starting composition. This interpretation is often made despite the secondary mineralogy of CI chondrites, which resulted from low-T aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid(s). Prevalent alteration and the relatively large uncertainties in the photospheric abundances (approx. +/-5-10%) permit chemical fractionation of CI chondrites from the bulk solar system, if primary chondrules and/or <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have been altered beyond recognition. Isolated olivine and pyroxene grains that range from approx. 5 microns to several hundred microns have been reported in CI chondrites, and acid residues of Orgueil were found to contain refractory oxides with oxygen isotopic compositions matching <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. However, the only <span class="hlt">CAI</span> found to be unambiguously preserved in a CI chondrite was identified in Ivuna. The Ivuna <span class="hlt">CAI</span>'s primary mineralogy, small size (approx.170 microns), and fine-grained igneous texture classify it as a compact type A. Aqueous alteration infiltrated large portions of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, but other regions remain pristine. The major primary phases are melilite (Ak 14-36 ), grossmanite (up to 20.8 wt.% TiO 2 ), and spinel. Both melilite and grossmanite have igneous textures and zoning patterns. An accretionary rim consists primarily of olivine (Fa 2-17 ) and low-Ca pyroxene (Fs 2-10 ), which could be either surviving CI2 material or a third lithology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.P33A1006Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.P33A1006Y"><span>Unraveling the Environmental Record of the Early Solar System: High Precision Laser Ablation Al-Mg Isotopes of Igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, E. D.; Simon, J. I.; Russell, S. S.; Tonui, E.; Krot, A.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Variations in intrinsic Mg isotope compositions provide a potentially rich record of the physiochemical evolution of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Moreover, Mg excesses from the short-lived 26Al chronometer can be used to constrain when these processes occurred; e.g., during the nebular phase and/or during the development of planetisimals (< 4 Myr). We obtained in situ UV (213 nm) laser ablation MC-ICPMS measurements of Al and Mg isotope ratios within core-to-rim traverses of igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> to place temporal constraints on when features of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed. Results provide tests of models for the chemical and isotopic evolution of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> involving volatilization and recondensation of elements in the solar nebula. We studied five CV3 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, including Allende 3576-1 "b", Allende M5, Leoville 144A, Leoville MRS3, and Efremovka E44. Our sample-standard comparison approach affords a precision <0.2 \\permil per amu (2s) for intrinsic Mg isotope measurements and <0.3 \\permil (2s) for measured 26Mg excesses. Intra-object variation in \\delta25Mg exists with values ranging from as low as -2 \\permil and as high as +8 \\permil (compared to DSM3). The distinct Mg isotope patterns in the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are difficult to explain by a single process or within a single nebular environment and likely require changing conditions or transfer of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from one nebular environment to another. The ˜pristine Mg isotope profile of Leoville 144A is compared to results produced by implicit finite difference modeling. Model curves reflect isotopic fractionation at the moving surface of a shrinking molten sphere coupled with diffusion-limited transport within the sphere. We find that using mass-dependant diffusivities increases \\delta25Mg with evaporation, but does not produce the tight curvature in the edgeward increases in \\delta25Mg characteristic of Leoville 144A. Three <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that exhibit edgeward \\delta25Mg decreases are well described by diffusion in a Mg-rich chondritic environment suggestive of nebular temperatures and</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083518','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083518"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding: inferential processes versus <span class="hlt">action</span> simulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brass, Marcel; Schmitt, Ruth M; Spengler, Stephanie; Gergely, György</p> <p>2007-12-18</p> <p>In our daily life, we continuously monitor others' behaviors and interpret them in terms of goals, intentions, and reasons. Despite their central importance for predicting and interpreting each other's <span class="hlt">actions</span>, the functional mechanisms and neural circuits involved in <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding remain highly controversial. Two alternative accounts have been advanced. Simulation theory assumes that we understand <span class="hlt">actions</span> by simulating the observed behavior through a direct matching process that activates the mirror-neuron circuit. The alternative interpretive account assumes that <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding is based on specialized inferential processes activating brain areas with no mirror properties. Although both approaches recognize the central role of contextual information in specifying <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions, their respective accounts of this process differ in significant respects. Here, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the role of context in <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding by using functional brain imaging while participants observed an unusual <span class="hlt">action</span> in implausible versus plausible contexts. We show that brain areas that are part of a network involved in inferential interpretive processes of rationalization and mentalization but that lack mirror properties are more active when the <span class="hlt">action</span> occurs in an implausible context. However, no differential activation was found in the mirror network. Our findings support the assumption that <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding in novel situations is primarily mediated by an inferential interpretive system rather than the mirror system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929731"><span>Consumption of fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> Nostoc soup: a potential for BMAA exposure from Nostoc cyanobacteria in China?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roney, Britton R; Renhui, Li; Banack, Sandra Anne; Murch, Susan; Honegger, Rosmarie; Cox, Paul Alan</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Grown in arid regions of western China the cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme--called fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> in Mandarin and fat choy in Cantonese--is wild-harvested and used to make soup consumed during New Year's celebrations. High prices, up to $125 USD/kg, led to overharvesting in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang. Degradation of arid ecosystems, desertification, and conflicts between Nostoc harvesters and Mongol herdsmen concerned the Chinese environmental authorities, leading to a government ban of Nostoc commerce. This ban stimulated increased marketing of a substitute made from starch. We analysed samples purchased throughout China as well as in Chinese markets in the United States and the United Kingdom. Some were counterfeits consisting of dyed starch noodles. A few samples from California contained Nostoc flagelliforme but were adulterated with starch noodles. Other samples, including those from the United Kingdom, consisted of pure Nostoc flagelliforme. A recent survey of markets in Cheng Du showed no real Nostoc flagelliforme to be marketed. Real and artificial fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> differ in the presence of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Given its status as a high-priced luxury food, the government ban on collection and marketing, and the replacement of real fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> with starch substitutes consumed only on special occasions, it is anticipated that dietary exposure to BMAA from fa <span class="hlt">cai</span> will be reduced in the future in China.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140683"><span>Nanocomposite Phosphor Consisting of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>2:Eu2+ Single Nanocrystals Embedded in Crystalline SiO2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Daicho, Hisayoshi; Iwasaki, Takeshi; Shinomiya, Yu; Nakano, Akitoshi; Sawa, Hiroshi; Yamada, Wataru; Matsuishi, Satoru; Hosono, Hideo</p> <p>2017-11-29</p> <p>High luminescence efficiency is obtained in halide- and chalcogenide-based phosphors, but they are impractical because of their poor chemical durability. Here we report a halide-based nanocomposite phosphor with excellent luminescence efficiency and sufficient durability for practical use. Our approach was to disperse luminescent single nanocrystals of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ in a chemically stable, translucent crystalline SiO 2 matrix. Using this approach, we successfully prepared a nanocomposite phosphor by means of self-organization through a simple solid-state reaction. Single nanocrystals of 6H polytype (thr notation) <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ with diameters of about 50 nm could be generated not only in a SiO 2 amorphous powder but also in a SiO 2 glass plate. The nanocomposite phosphor formed upon solidification of molten <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 left behind in the crystalline SiO 2 that formed from the amorphous SiO 2 under the influence of a <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 flux effect. The resulting nanocomposite phosphor emitted brilliant blue luminescence with an internal quantum efficiency up to 98% upon 407 nm violet excitation. We used cathodoluminescence microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns to confirm that the blue luminescence was generated only by the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 :Eu 2+ single nanocrystals. The phosphor was chemically durable because the luminescence sites were embedded in the crystalline SiO 2 matrix. The phosphor is suitable for use in near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. The concept for this nanocomposite phosphor can be expected to be effective for improvements in the practicality of poorly durable materials such as halides and chalcogenides.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2784433','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2784433"><span>Hunting and use of terrestrial fauna used by <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras from the Atlantic Forest coast (Brazil)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the hotspots for conservation, comprising remnants of rain forest along the eastern Brazilian coast. Its native inhabitants in the Southeastern coast include the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras (descendants from Amerindians and European colonizers), with a deep knowledge on the natural resources used for their livelihood. Methods We studied the use of the terrestrial fauna in three <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çara communities, through open-ended interviews with 116 native residents. Data were checked through systematic observations and collection of zoological material. Results The dependence on the terrestrial fauna by <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras is especially for food and medicine. The main species used are Didelphis spp., Dasyprocta azarae, Dasypus novemcinctus, and small birds (several species of Turdidae). Contrasting with a high dependency on terrestrial fauna resources by native Amazonians, the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>çaras do not show a constant dependency on these resources. Nevertheless, the occasional hunting of native animals represents a complimentary source of animal protein. Conclusion Indigenous or local knowledge on native resources is important in order to promote local development in a sustainable way, and can help to conserve biodiversity, particularly if the resource is sporadically used and not commercially exploited. PMID:19930595</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.153..183F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeCoA.153..183F"><span>Evidence for an early nitrogen isotopic evolution in the solar nebula from volatile analyses of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the CV3 chondrite NWA 8616</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Füri, Evelyn; Chaussidon, Marc; Marty, Bernard</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Nitrogen and noble gas (Ne-Ar) abundances and isotope ratios, determined by CO2 laser extraction static mass spectrometry analysis, as well as Al-Mg and O isotope data from secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses, are reported for a type B calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) from the CV3 chondrite NWA 8616. The high (26Al/27Al)i ratio of (5.06 ± 0.50) × 10-5 dates the last melting event of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at 39-99+109ka after "time zero", limiting the period during which high-temperature exchanges between the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the nebular gas could have occurred to a very short time interval. Partial isotopic exchange with a 16O-poor reservoir resulted in Δ17O > -5‰ for melilite and anorthite, whereas spinel and Al-Ti-pyroxene retain the inferred original 16O-rich signature of the solar nebula (Δ17O ⩽ -20‰). The low 20Ne/22Ne (⩽0.83) and 36Ar/38Ar (⩽0.75) ratios of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rule out the presence of any trapped planetary or solar noble gases. Cosmogenic 21Ne and 38Ar abundances are consistent with a cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age of ∼14 to 20 Ma, assuming CR fluxes similar to modern ones, without any evidence for pre-irradiation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> before incorporation into the meteorite parent body. Strikingly, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> contains 1.4-3.4 ppm N with a δ15N value of +8‰ to +30‰. Even after correcting the measured δ15N values for cosmogenic 15N produced in situ, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is highly enriched in 15N compared to the protosolar nebula (δ15NPSN = -383 ± 8‰; Marty et al., 2011), implying that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region was contaminated by 15N-rich material within the first 0.15 Ma of Solar System history, or, alternatively, that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was ejected into the outer Solar System where it interacted with a 15N-rich reservoir.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110823&hterms=diversity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Ddiversity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030110823&hterms=diversity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Ddiversity"><span>Al-rich Chondrules: Petrologic Basis for Their Diversity, and Relation to Type C <span class="hlt">CAIs</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>MacPherson, G. J.; Huss, G. R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Al-rich chondrules share mineralogical and chemical properties with, and are intermediate in a volatility sense between, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and ferromagnesian chondrules. In some way they must be petrogenetic links between the two. A recent upsurge of interest in Al-rich chondrules is due to their constituent plagioclase feldspar and Al-rich glass being amenable to successful ion microprobe searches for radiogenic Mg-26, the decay product of Al-26 (t(sub 1/2) = 720,000 y). This has allowed estimates to be made of the time duration between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and the onset of Al-rich (and possibly, by extension, ferromagnesian) chondrule formation, on the order of 1.5-2.5 million years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=red+AND+wings&id=ED189125','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=red+AND+wings&id=ED189125"><span>Evaluation of Title I <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Programs at Minnesota State Correctional Institutions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sandman, Richard S.; Welch, Wayne W.</p> <p></p> <p>Three Minnesota correctional institutions used computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on PLATO terminals to improve reading and mathematics skills: (1) the State Reformatory for Men, St. Cloud (males, ages 17-21); (2) the Minnesota Home School, Sauk Centre (males and females, ages 12-18); and (3) the State Training School, Red Wing (males, ages…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=accounting+AND+fundamentals&pg=7&id=EJ550830','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=accounting+AND+fundamentals&pg=7&id=EJ550830"><span>Role of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in an Introductory Computer Concepts Course.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Skudrna, Vincent J.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Discusses the role of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in undergraduate education via a survey of related literature and specific applications. Describes an undergraduate computer concepts course and includes appendices of instructions, flowcharts, programs, sample student work in accounting, COBOL instructional model, decision logic in a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159472','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159472"><span>Changes in flavour and microbial diversity during natural fermentation of suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>, a traditional food made in Northeast China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Rina; Yu, Meiling; Liu, Xiaoyu; Meng, Lingshuai; Wang, Qianqian; Xue, Yating; Wu, Junrui; Yue, Xiqing</p> <p>2015-10-15</p> <p>We measured changes in the main physical and chemical properties, flavour compounds and microbial diversity in suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> during natural fermentation. The results showed that the pH and concentration of soluble protein initially decreased but were then maintained at a stable level; the concentration of nitrite increased in the initial fermentation stage and after reaching a peak it decreased significantly to a low level by the end of fermentation. Suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> was rich in 17 free amino acids. All of the free amino acids increased in concentration to different degrees, except histidine. Total free amino acids reached their highest levels in the mid-fermentation stage. The 17 volatile flavour components identified at the start of fermentation increased to 57 by the mid-fermentation stage; esters and aldehydes were in the greatest diversity and abundance, contributing most to the aroma of suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>. Bacteria were more abundant and diverse than fungi in suan-<span class="hlt">cai</span>; 14 bacterial species were identified from the genera Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus. The predominant fungal species identified were Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida tropicalis and Penicillium expansum. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Body+AND+combat&pg=6&id=ED043228','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Body+AND+combat&pg=6&id=ED043228"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction in Engineering Dynamics. <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-Systems Memo Number 18.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sheldon, John W.</p> <p></p> <p>A 90-minute computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) unit course supplemented by a 1-hour lecture on the dynamic nature of three-dimensional rotations and Euler angles was given to 29 undergraduate engineering students. The area of Euler angles was selected because it is essential to problem-working in three-dimensional rotations of a rigid body, yet…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/978879','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/978879"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 560: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Grant Evenson</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 560 comprises seven corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): •03-51-01, Leach Pit •06-04-02, Septic Tank •06-05-03, Leach Pit •06-05-04, Leach Bed •06-59-03, Building CP-400 Septic System •06-59-04, Office Trailer Complex Sewage Pond •06-59-05, Control Point Septic System The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure of CAU 560 with no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span>. To achieve this, corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) activities were performed from October 7, 2008, through February 24, 2010, as set forth in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 560: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, and Recordmore » of Technical Change No. 1. The purpose of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process: •Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present. •If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent. •Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The CAU 560 dataset from the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the dataset for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were evaluated against final <span class="hlt">action</span> levels (FALs) established in this document. The following contaminants were determined to be present at concentrations exceeding their corresponding FALs: •No contamination exceeding the FALs was identified at CASs 03-51-01, 06-04-02, and 06-59-04. •The soil at the base of the leach pit chamber at CAS 06-05-03 contains arsenic above the FAL of 23 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) above the FAL of 0.74 mg/kg, confined vertically from a depth of approximately 5 to 20 feet (ft) below ground surface. The contamination is confined laterally to the walls</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=histology&pg=5&id=EJ635928','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=histology&pg=5&id=EJ635928"><span>Web Pages: An Effective Method of Providing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Resource Material in Histology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McLean, Michelle</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Presents research that introduces computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) resource material as an integral part of the second-year histology course at the University of Natal Medical School. Describes the ease with which this software can be developed, using limited resources and available skills, while providing students with valuable learning…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186080','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186080"><span>A Prototype of Pilot Knowledge Evaluation by an Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Computer -Aided Instruction) System Using a Bayesian Diagnostic Model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1987-06-01</p> <p>to a field of research called Computer-Aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a powerful methodology for enhancing the overall quaiity and effectiveness of...provides a very powerful tool for statistical inference, especially when pooling informations from different source is appropriate. Thus. prior...04 , 2 ’ .. ."k, + ++ ,,;-+-,..,,..v ->’,0,,.’ I The power of the model lies in its ability to adapt a diagnostic session to the level of knowledge</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005LPI....36.1525Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005LPI....36.1525Y"><span>Supra-Canonical Initial 26Al/27Al Indicate a 105 Year Residence Time for <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the Solar Proto-Planetary Disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, E. D.; Simon, J. I.; Galy, A.; Russell, S. S.; Tonui, E. K.; Lovera, O.</p> <p>2005-03-01</p> <p>We present new UV laser ablation and acid digestion MC-ICPMS analyses of 8 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> showing that there was more 26Al in the early solar system than previously thought, and that the canonical initial 26Al/27Al represents a ~300,000 yr residence time for <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the protoplanetary disk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6381D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6381D"><span>The Range of Initial 10Be/9Be Ratios in the Early Solar System: A Re-Assessment Based on Analyses of New <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Melilite Composition Glass Standards</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunham, E.; Wadhwa, M.; Liu, M.-C.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>We report a more accurate range of initial 10Be/9Be in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> including FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> CMS-1 from Allende (CV3) and a new <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from NWA 5508 (CV3) using melilite composition glass standards; we suggest 10Be is largely produced by irradiation in the nebula.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074769.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074769.pdf"><span>Evaluation of a Text Compression Algorithm Against Computer-Aided Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) Material.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Knight, Joseph M., Jr.</p> <p></p> <p>This report describes the initial evaluation of a text compression algorithm against computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) material. A review of some concepts related to statistical text compression is followed by a detailed description of a practical text compression algorithm. A simulation of the algorithm was programed and used to obtain…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1055472','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1055472"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 104: Area 7 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>CAU 104 comprises the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): • 07-23-03, Atmospheric Test Site T-7C • 07-23-04, Atmospheric Test Site T7-1 • 07-23-05, Atmospheric Test Site • 07-23-06, Atmospheric Test Site T7-5a • 07-23-07, Atmospheric Test Site - Dog (T-S) • 07-23-08, Atmospheric Test Site - Baker (T-S) • 07-23-09, Atmospheric Test Site - Charlie (T-S) • 07-23-10, Atmospheric Test Site - Dixie • 07-23-11, Atmospheric Test Site - Dixie • 07-23-12, Atmospheric Test Site - Charlie (Bus) • 07-23-13, Atmospheric Test Site - Baker (Buster) • 07-23-14, Atmospheric Test Site - Ruth • 07-23-15, Atmospheric Test Site T7-4 •more » 07-23-16, Atmospheric Test Site B7-b • 07-23-17, Atmospheric Test Site - Climax These 15 CASs include releases from 30 atmospheric tests conducted in the approximately 1 square mile of CAU 104. Because releases associated with the CASs included in this CAU overlap and are not separate and distinguishable, these CASs are addressed jointly at the CAU level. The purpose of this CADD/CAP is to evaluate potential corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs), provide the rationale for the selection of recommended CAAs, and provide the plan for implementation of the recommended CAA for CAU 104. Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) activities were performed from October 4, 2011, through May 3, 2012, as set forth in the CAU 104 Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407387"><span>Bacterial and fungal microbiota of spontaneously fermented Chinese products, Rubing milk cake and Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> vegetable pickles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Xin; Kuda, Takashi; Takahashi, Hajime; Kimura, Bon</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The Rubing milk cake from Yunnan and the Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> vegetable pickles from Guangdong are traditional spontaneously fermented foods in China. We evaluated the microbial properties of these products with the analysis of their bacterial and fungal microbiota using classical culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, including a 16S rDNA gene (V4) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region pyrosequencing method with MiSeq system. The viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count was 8 and 6 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g in Rubing and Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> samples, respectively. The yeast count was approximately 100-1000 times less than the LAB count in most samples, except one Yan-<span class="hlt">cai</span> sample. In addition, the gram-negative rod count in half of the samples was similar to the LAB count. Pyrosequencing results revealed the high abundance (10%-20%) of gram-negative Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in these samples. These results suggest that some of these traditional foods are undesirable as ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, even when these are typical lactic acid fermented foods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27666995','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27666995"><span>Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on Suan <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Fermentation in Northeast China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Hongyan; Wu, Hao; Gao, Lijuan; Jia, Hongbai; Zhang, Yuan; Cui, Zongjun; Li, Yuhua</p> <p>2016-12-28</p> <p>To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on suan <span class="hlt">cai</span> (pickled Chinese cabbage) fermentation, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides were inoculated into suan <span class="hlt">cai</span>. Physicochemical indexes were measured, and the microbial dynamics during the fermentation were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) lowered the pH of the fermentation system more rapidly. The decrease in water-soluble carbohydrates in the inoculated treatments occurred more rapidly than in the control. The LAB counts in the control were lower than in other inoculated treatments during the first 12 days of fermentation. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses, Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , Cyanobacteria , Fusobacteria , and Verrucomicrobia were present in the fermentations, along with other unclassified bacteria. Generally, Firmicutes was predominant during the fermentation in all treatments. At the genus level, 16 genera were detected. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in all inoculated treatments was higher than in the control. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the treatments containing L. curvatus was higher than in the Ln. mesenteroides -only treatment. The relative abundance of Leuconostoc in the Ln. mesenteroides -containing treatments increased continuously throughout the fermentation. Leuconostoc was highest in the Ln. mesenteroides -only treatment. According to the qPCR results, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides inoculations could effectively inhabit the fermentation system. L. curvatus dominated the fermentation in the inoculated treatments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Should+AND+programming+AND+taught&pg=2&id=ED295668','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Should+AND+programming+AND+taught&pg=2&id=ED295668"><span>A CBI Model for the Design of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Software by Teachers/Nonprogrammers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tessmer, Martin; Jonassen, David H.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper describes a design model presented in workbook form which is intended to facilitate computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) software design by teachers who do not have programming experience. Presentation of the model is preceded by a number of assumptions that underlie the instructional content and methods of the textbook. It is argued…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068398&hterms=Israel+humanity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DIsrael%2Bhumanity','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930068398&hterms=Israel+humanity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DIsrael%2Bhumanity"><span>Secondary processing of chondrules and refractory inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) by gasdynamic heating</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Podolak, M.; Prialnik, D.; Bunch, T. E.; Cassen, P.; Reynolds, R.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Results of calculations performed to determine the conditions necessary for producing the opaque rims on chondrules and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rims by high-speed entry into the transient atmosphere of an accreting meteorite parent body are presented. The sensitivity of these results to variations in critical parameters is <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. The range of entry velocities which can produce such rims is shown to depend on the size, melting temperature, and thermal conductivity of the particles. For particles greater than 2 mm in radius, with thermal conductivities of 20,000 ergs/sm s K or lower, entry velocities of about 3 km/s suffice. For particle sizes less than 1 mm in radius, the range of encounter velocities that can produce rims is narrow or vanishing, regardless of the thermal conductivity, unless the melting temperature in the outer part of the chondrule has been reduced by compositional heterogeneity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/859368','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/859368"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0 with ROTC 1, 2, and Errata</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wickline, Alfred</p> <p>2004-04-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document (CADD) has been prepared for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 204 Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada, in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (FFACO) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); and the U.S. Department of Defense (FFACO, 1996). The NTS is approximately 65 miles (mi) north of Las Vegas, Nevada (Figure 1-1). The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) within CAU 204 are located in Areas 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the NTS, in Nye County, Nevada (Figure 1-2). Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204 ismore » comprised of the six CASs identified in Table 1-1. As shown in Table 1-1, the FFACO describes four of these CASs as bunkers one as chemical exchange storage and one as a blockhouse. Subsequent <span class="hlt">investigations</span> have identified four of these structures as instrumentation bunkers (CASs 01-34-01, 02-34-01, 03-34-01, 05-33-01), one as an explosives storage bunker (CAS 05-99-02), and one as both (CAS 05-18-02). The six bunkers included in CAU 204 were primarily used to monitor atmospheric testing or store munitions. The ''Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada'' (NNSA/NV, 2002a) provides information relating to the history, planning, and scope of the <span class="hlt">investigation</span>; therefore, it will not be repeated in this CADD. This CADD identifies potential corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and provides a rationale for the selection of a recommended corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative for each CAS within CAU 204. The evaluation of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives is based on process knowledge and the results of <span class="hlt">investigative</span> activities conducted in accordance with the CAIP (NNSA/NV, 2002a) that was approved prior to the start of the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Record of Technical Change (ROTC) No. 1 to the CAIP (approval pending) documents changes to the preliminary <span class="hlt">action</span> levels (PALs) agreed to by the Nevada</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010679','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010679"><span>Microstructures of Hibonite From an ALH A77307 (CO3.0) <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: Evidence for Evaporative Loss of Calcium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Han, Jangmi; Brearley, Adrian J.; Keller, Lindsay P.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Hibonite is a comparatively rare, primary phase found in some <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from different chondrite groups and is also common in Wark-Lovering rims [1]. Hibonite is predicted to be one of the earliest refractory phases to form by equilibrium condensation from a cooling gas of solar composition [2] and, therefore, can be a potential recorder of very early solar system processes. In this study, we describe the microstructures of hibonite from one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in ALH A77307 (CO3.0) using FIB/TEM techniques in order to reconstruct its formational history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009991','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070009991"><span>Isotopic Measurements in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with the Nanosims: Implications to the understanding of the Formation process of Ca, Al-Rich Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ito, M.; Messenger, S.; Walker, Robert M.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Ca, Al-rich Inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) preserve evidence of thermal events that they experienced during their formation in the early solar system. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV and CO chondrites are characterized by large variations in O-isotopic compositions of primary minerals, with spinel, hibonite, and pyroxene being more O-16-rich than melilite and anorthite, with delta 17, O-18 = approx. -40%o (DELTA O-17 = delta O-17 - 0.52 x delta O-18 = approx. - 20%o ). These anomalous compositions cannot be accounted for by standard mass dependent fractionation and diffusive process of those minerals. It requires the presence of an anomalous oxygen reservoir of nucleosynthetic origin or mass independent fractionations before the formation of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the early solar system. The CAMECA NanoSIMS is a new generation ion microprobe that offers high sensitivity isotopic measurements with sub 100 nm spatial resolution. The NanoSIMS has significantly improved abilities in the study of presolar grains in various kind of meteorites and the decay products of extinct nuclides in ancient solar system matter. This instrument promises significant improvements over other conventional ion probes in the precision isotopic characterization of sub-micron scales. We report the results of our first O isotopic measurements of various <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals from EK1-6-3 and 7R19-1(a) utilizing the JSC NanoSIMS 50L ion microprobe. We evaluate the measurement conditions, the instrumental mass fractionation factor (IMF) for O isotopic measurement and the accuracy of the isotopic ratio through the analysis of a San Carlos olivine standard and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> sample of 7R19-1(a).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099588','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099588"><span>Professional licensure: <span class="hlt">investigation</span> and disciplinary <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brous, Edie</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>This is the second article in a three-part series on nursing boards' disciplinary <span class="hlt">actions</span> and what nurses need to know to maintain their license in good standing. This article discusses common reasons boards of nursing conduct <span class="hlt">investigations</span> and take disciplinary <span class="hlt">action</span>. The third and final article will discuss strategies for protecting your license.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.P11C1240D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.P11C1240D"><span>Characterizing Pyroxene Reaction Space in Calcium-Aluminum Rich Inclusions: Oxidation During <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Rim Formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dyl, K. A.; Young, E. D.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>We define the reaction space that controls changes in pyroxene composition in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Wark-Lovering (WL) rims in an oxidizing solar nebula. Ti-rich pyroxenes in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> record a sub-solar oxygen fugacity (Ti3+/Ti4+~1.5). WL rim pyroxenes in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Leoville 144A have a distinctly lower oxidation state.This difference supports WL rim condensation in an environment of increasing O2(g) and Mg(g) (Simon et al. 2005). We used the following phase components to identify four linearly independent reactions (Thompson 1982): diopside, CaTs (Al2Mg-1Si-1), T3 (Ti3+AlMg-1Si-1), T4 (Ti4+Al2Mg-1Si-2), En (MgCa-1), perovskite, O(g), Mg(g), SiO(g), and Ca(g). Compositional variation in this system is dominated by two reactions. The first is oxidation of Ti3+ via reaction with O and Mg in the gas phase: 1.5 O(g) + Mg(g) → ¼ Di + [Ti4+Mg3/4Ti3+-1Ca-1/4Si-1/2] (1). Pyroxene is produced and En is introduced. The second reaction (2) is perovskite formation. It is observed in the WL rim of Leoville 144A, and experiments confirm that an elevated Ti component converts pyroxene to perovskite(Gupta et al. 1973). MgCa-1 is the third linearly independent reaction (3). They combine to give: ½ Di + x Ca(g)→ x Mg(g)+ Pv + [Mg1/2-xSiTi4+-1Ca-1/2+x](2,3). Unlike (1), pyroxene is consumed in this reaction. The parameter x defines the extent of Mg-Ca exchange. When x > 0.5, WL rim formation occurs in an environment where Mg is volatile and Ca condenses. The reaction space defined by reactions (1) and (2,3) describes the transition from <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interior to WL rims. WL rim pyroxene Ti contents, [CaTs], and Ca < 1 pfu are all explained in this space. The fourth linearly independent reaction is SiO(g):1/8 Di + ¼ Mg(g)→ ¾ SiO(g) + [Mg3/8Ca1/8Ti4+Ti3+-1Si-1/2](4). Silica reduction forms Ti4+, releasing SiO(g). (4) does not describe the oxidation of Ti3+ in WL rim pyroxene, but (1) - (4) results in En formation directly from the gas phase. This may explain WL rim analyses that have Si contents in excess</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Artz, Jacob H.; Mulder, David W.; ...</p> <p>2018-05-23</p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox ledmore » to formation of H redH + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+-Fe I-Fe I) and H red' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+-Fe II-Fe I), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H. Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H redH + of the [FeFe] H 2ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd. Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H redH + was converted to H hyd. Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of Hhyd and appearance of H ox, consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the 'H red' states and that H redH + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. Here, this provides a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440310-co-bridged-cluster-intermediates-catalytic-mechanism-fefe-hydrogenase-cai"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W.; Artz, Jacob H.; Mulder, David W.</p> <p></p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox ledmore » to formation of H redH + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+-Fe I-Fe I) and H red' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+-Fe II-Fe I), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H. Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H redH + of the [FeFe] H 2ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd. Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H redH + was converted to H hyd. Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of Hhyd and appearance of H ox, consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the 'H red' states and that H redH + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. Here, this provides a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792026','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792026"><span>CO-Bridged H-Cluster Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase <span class="hlt">CaI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ratzloff, Michael W; Artz, Jacob H; Mulder, David W; Collins, Reuben T; Furtak, Thomas E; King, Paul W</p> <p>2018-06-20</p> <p>The [FeFe]-hydrogenases ([FeFe] H 2 ases) catalyze reversible H 2 activation at the H-cluster, which is composed of a [4Fe-4S] H subsite linked by a cysteine thiolate to a bridged, organometallic [2Fe-2S] ([2Fe] H ) subsite. Profoundly different geometric models of the H-cluster redox states that orchestrate the electron/proton transfer steps of H 2 bond activation have been proposed. We have examined this question in the [FeFe] H 2 ase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum (<span class="hlt">CaI</span>) by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with temperature annealing and H/D isotope exchange to identify the relevant redox states and define catalytic transitions. One-electron reduction of H ox led to formation of H red H + ([4Fe-4S] H 2+ -Fe I -Fe I ) and H red ' ([4Fe-4S] H 1+ -Fe II -Fe I ), with both states characterized by low frequency μ-CO IR modes consistent with a fully bridged [2Fe] H . Similar μ-CO IR modes were also identified for H red H + of the [FeFe] H 2 ase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The <span class="hlt">CaI</span> proton-transfer variant C298S showed enrichment of an H/D isotope-sensitive μ-CO mode, a component of the hydride bound H-cluster IR signal, H hyd . Equilibrating <span class="hlt">CaI</span> with increasing amounts of NaDT, and probed at cryogenic temperatures, showed H red H + was converted to H hyd . Over an increasing temperature range from 10 to 260 K catalytic turnover led to loss of H hyd and appearance of H ox , consistent with enzymatic turnover and H 2 formation. The results show for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> that the μ-CO of [2Fe] H remains bridging for all of the "H red " states and that H red H + is on pathway to H hyd and H 2 evolution in the catalytic mechanism. These results provide a blueprint for designing small molecule catalytic analogs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=software+AND+component+AND+documentation&pg=2&id=ED070262','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=software+AND+component+AND+documentation&pg=2&id=ED070262"><span>Everything You Always Wanted to Know About <span class="hlt">CAI</span> But Were Afraid To Ask.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Luskin, Bernard J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A comprehensive summary of significant developments related to the integration of the computer in all levels of instruction, this book identifies, classifies, and examines obstacles to computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), their scope and possible resolutions. Some 75 experts were surveyed and their opinions statistically analyzed in regard to 23…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023467','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023467"><span>Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and %Ro</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Weary, D.J.; Ryder, R.T.; Nyahay, R.E.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>New conodont alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al. (1978) in eastern and western New York, but it differs in central New York, where the isotherms are shifted markedly westward by more than 100 km and are more tightly grouped. This close grouping of isograds reflects a steeper thermal gradient than previously noted by Harris et al. (1978) and agrees closely with the abrupt west-to-east increase in thermal maturity across New York noted by Johnsson (1986). These data show, in concordance with previous studies, that thermal maturity levels in these rocks are higher than can be explained by simple burial heating beneath the present thickness of overburden. The Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin in New York must have been buried by very thick post-Devonian sediments (4-6 km suggested by Sarwar and Friedman 1995) or were exposed to a higher-than-normal geothermal flux caused by crustal extension, or a combination of the two.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139278','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139278"><span>A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Computer-Assisted Instruction) Course on Constructing PLANIT lessons: Development, Content, and Evaluation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1980-06-01</p> <p>courseware package on how to program lessons for an automated system. Since PLANIT (Programming Language for Interactive Teaching) is the student/author...assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>), how to program PLANIT lessons, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the package for select Army users. The resultant courseware</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503459.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503459.pdf"><span>A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) versus Class Room Lecture (RL) for Computer Science at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102933.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102933.pdf"><span>A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) versus Class Room Lecture (CRL) for Computer Science at ICS Level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kausar, Tayyaba; Choudhry, Bushra Naoreen; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0181H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23A0181H"><span>Discussion of vicarious calibration of GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band (380nm) and aerosol retrieval in wildfire region in the OCO-2 and GOSAT observation campaign at Railroad Valley in 2016</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hashimoto, M.; Kuze, A.; Bruegge, C. J.; Shiomi, K.; Kataoka, F.; Kikuchi, N.; Arai, T.; Kasai, K.; Nakajima, T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) / TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Cloud and Aerosol Imager, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is an imaging sensor to measure cloud and aerosol properties and observes reflected sunlight from the atmosphere and surface of the ground. The sensor has four bands from near ultraviolet (near-UV) to shortwave infrared, 380, 674, 870 and 1600nm. The field of view size is 0.5 km for band-1 through band-3, and 1.5km for band-4. Band-1 (380nm) is one of unique function of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The near-UV observation offers several advantages for the remote sensing of aerosols over land: Low reflectance of most surfaces; Sensitivity to absorbing aerosols; Absorption of trace gases is weak (Höller et al., 2004). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band is useful to distinguish absorbing aerosol (smoke) from cloud. GOSAT-2/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2 that will be launched in the future also has UV-bands, 340 and 380nm. We carried out an experiment to calibrate <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band radiance using data taken in a field campaign of OCO-2 and GOSAT at Railroad Valley in 2016. The campaign period is June 27 to July 3 in 2016. We measured surface reflectance by using USB4000 Spectrometer with 74-UV collimating lens (Ocean Optics) and Spectralon (Labsphere). USB4000 is a UV spectrometer, and its measurement range from 300 to 520nm. We simulated <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band radiance using a vector type of radiation transfer code, i.e. including polarization calculation, pstar3 (Ota et al., 2010) using measured surface reflectance and atmospheric data, pressure and relative humidity by radiosonde in the same campaign, and aerosol optical depth by AERONET, etc. Then, we evaluated measured UV radiances with the simulated data. We show the result of vicarious calibration of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> UV-band in the campaign, and discuss about this method for future sensor, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-2. Around the campaign period, there was wildfire around Los Angeles, and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observed by AERONET at Rail Road valley and Caltech sites is also high. We tried to detect and retrieve aerosol</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310275','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310275"><span><span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI molecules for iodine determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry: Greener molecules for practical application.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zanatta, Melina Borges Teixeira; Nakadi, Flávio Venâncio; da Veiga, Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A new method to determine iodine in drug samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) has been developed. The method measures the molecular absorption of a diatomic molecule, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI (less toxic molecule-forming reagents), at 638.904 or 677.692nm, respectively, and uses a mixture containing 5μg of Pd and 0.5μg of Mg as chemical modifier. The method employs pyrolysis temperatures of 1000 and 800°C and vaporization temperatures of 2300 and 2400°C for <span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI, respectively. The optimized amounts of Ca and Sr as molecule-forming reagents are 100 and 150µg, respectively. On the basis of interference studies, even small chlorine concentrations reduce <span class="hlt">CaI</span> and SrI absorbance significantly. The developed method was used to analyze different commercial drug samples, namely thyroid hormone pills with three different iodine amounts (15.88, 31.77, and 47.66µg) and one liquid drug with 1% m v -1 active iodine in their compositions. The results agreed with the values informed by the manufacturers (95% confidence level) regardless of whether <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI was determined. Therefore, the developed method is useful for iodine determination on the basis of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> or SrI molecular absorption. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+business&pg=3&id=EJ613257','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+business&pg=3&id=EJ613257"><span>A Cross-National <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Tool To Support Learning Operations Decision-Making and Market Analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mockler, Robert J.; Afanasiev, Mikhail Y.; Dologite, Dorothy G.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Describes bicultural (United States and Russia) development of a computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool to learn management decision-making using information systems technologies. The program has been used with undergraduate and graduate students in both countries; it integrates free and controlled market concepts and combines traditional computer…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094945','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094945"><span>Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonamide is a versatile lead compound for the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Fiore, Anna; Vergara, Alessandro; Caterino, Marco; Alterio, Vincenzo; Monti, Simona M; Ombouma, Joanna; Dumy, Pascal; Vullo, Daniela; Supuran, Claudiu T; Winum, Jean-Yves; De Simone, Giuseppina</p> <p>2015-07-21</p> <p>Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonamide, a molecule incorporating two zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), has been <span class="hlt">investigated</span> as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) by means of kinetic, crystallographic and Raman spectroscopy studies, highlighting interesting results on its mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span>. These data can be exploited to design new, effective and selective <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APS..MART30005W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APS..MART30005W"><span>Quantum Computational Universality of the 2D <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-D"ur-Briegel Quantum State</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; Raussendorf, Robert; Kwek, Leong Chuan</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, D"ur, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. A 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by constructing single- and two-qubit universal gates. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain can be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. Furthermore, a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-D"ur-Briegel state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002651','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002651"><span>Calcium and Titanium Isotope Fractionation in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>: Tracers of Condensation and Inheritance in the Early Solar Protoplanetary Disk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simon, J. I.; Jordan, M. K.; Tappa, M. J.; Kohl, I. E.; Young, E. D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The chemical and isotopic compositions of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) can be used to understand the conditions present in the protoplantary disk where they formed. The isotopic compositions of these early-formed nebular materials are largely controlled by chemical volatility. The isotopic effects of evaporation/sublimation, which are well explained by both theory and experimental work, lead to enrichments of the heavy isotopes that are often exhibited by the moderately refractory elements Mg and Si. Less well understood are the isotopic effects of condensation, which limits our ability to determine whether a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a primary condensate and/or retains any evidence of its primordial formation history.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141459','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141459"><span>Developing the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>): establishing validity and reliability of a computerised systematic observation instrument.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cushion, Christopher; Harvey, Stephen; Muir, Bob; Nelson, Lee</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We outline the evolution of a computerised systematic observation tool and describe the process for establishing the validity and reliability of this new instrument. The Coach Analysis and Interventions System (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) has 23 primary behaviours related to physical behaviour, feedback/reinforcement, instruction, verbal/non-verbal, questioning and management. The instrument also analyses secondary coach behaviour related to performance states, recipient, timing, content and questioning/silence. The <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> is a multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism able to provide detailed and contextualised data about specific coaching behaviours occurring in complex and nuanced coaching interventions and environments that can be applied to both practice sessions and competition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201....6P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201....6P"><span>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions with fractionation and unidentified nuclear effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>): II. Heterogeneities of magnesium isotopes and 26Al in the early Solar System inferred from in situ high-precision magnesium-isotope measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Changkun; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Krot, Alexander N.; Huss, Gary R.; Davis, Andrew M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions with isotopic mass fractionation effects and unidentified nuclear isotopic anomalies (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) have been studied for more than 40 years, but their origins remain enigmatic. Here we report in situ high precision measurements of aluminum-magnesium isotope systematics of FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Individual minerals were analyzed in six FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the oxidized CV3 carbonaceous chondrites Axtell (compact Type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Axtell 2271) and Allende (Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> C1 and EK1-4-1, and forsterite-bearing Type B <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> BG82DH8, CG-14, and TE). Most of these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> show evidence for excess 26Mg due to the decay of 26Al. The inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios [(26Al/27Al)0] and the initial magnesium isotopic compositions (δ26Mg0) calculated using an exponential law with an exponent β of 0.5128 are (3.1 ± 1.6) × 10-6 and 0.60 ± 0.10‰ (Axtell 2271), (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10-6 and -0.20 ± 0.05‰ (BG82DH8), (2.2 ± 1.1) × 10-6 and -0.18 ± 0.05‰ (C1), (2.3 ± 2.4) × 10-5 and -2.23 ± 0.37‰ (EK1-4-1), (1.5 ± 1.1) × 10-5 and -0.42 ± 0.08‰ (CG-14), and (5.3 ± 0.9) × 10-5 and -0.05 ± 0.08‰ (TE) with 2σ uncertainties. We infer that FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> recorded heterogeneities of magnesium isotopes and 26Al in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region(s). Comparison of 26Al-26Mg systematics, stable isotope (oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium) and trace element studies of FUN and non-FUN igneous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> indicates that there is a continuum among these <span class="hlt">CAI</span> types. Based on these observations and evaporation experiments on <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like melts, we propose a generic scenario for the origin of igneous (FUN and non-FUN) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>: (i) condensation of isotopically normal solids in an 16O-rich gas of approximately solar composition; (ii) formation of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursors by aggregation of these solids together with variable abundances of isotopically anomalous grains-possible carriers of unidentified nuclear (UN) effects; and (iii) melt evaporation of these precursors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1171730','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1171730"><span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick K.</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report presents information supporting the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 550: Smoky Contamination Area, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada. CAU 550 includes 19 corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs), which consist of one weapons-related atmospheric test (Smoky), three safety experiments (Ceres, Oberon, Titania), and 15 debris sites (Table ES-1). The CASs were sorted into the following study groups based on release potential and technical similarities: • Study Group 1, Atmospheric Test • Study Group 2, Safety Experiments • Study Group 3, Washes • Study Group 4, Debris The purpose of this document is to provide justificationmore » and documentation supporting the conclusion that no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> is needed for CAU 550 based on implementation of the corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> listed in Table ES-1. Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) activities were performed between August 2012 and October 2013 as set forth in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 550: Smoky Contamination Area; and in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan. The approach for the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> and make data quality objective (DQO) decisions based on the types of releases present. The purpose of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was to fulfill data needs as defined during the DQO process. The CAU 550 dataset of <span class="hlt">investigation</span> results was evaluated based on a data quality assessment. This assessment demonstrated the dataset is complete and acceptable for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED432263.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED432263.pdf"><span>Using Pre-test/Post-test Data To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Computer Aided Instruction (A Study of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and Its Use with Developmental Reading Students).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lansford, Carl E.</p> <p></p> <p>As computer aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and distance learning become more popular, a model for easily evaluating these teaching methods must be developed, one which will enable replication of the study each year. This paper discusses the results of a study using existing dependent and independent variables to evaluate <span class="hlt">CAI</span> for developmental reading…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522496','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522496"><span>The contribution of the androgen receptor (AR) in human spatial learning and memory: A study in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mueller, S C; Verwilst, T; Van Branteghem, A; T'Sjoen, G; Cools, M</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Few studies have examined the impact of androgen insensitivity on human spatial learning and memory. In the present study, we tested 11 women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>), a rare genetic disorder characterized by complete absence of AR activity, and compared their performance against 20 comparison males and 19 comparison females on a virtual analog of the Morris Water Maze task. The results replicated a main sex effect showing that men relative to women were faster in finding the hidden platform and had reduced heading error. Furthermore, findings indicated that mean performance of women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> was between control women and control men, though the differences were not statistically significant. Effect size estimates (and corresponding confidence intervals) of spatial learning trials showed little difference between women with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and control women but <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> women differed from men, but not women, on two variables, latency to find the platform and first-move latency. No differences between groups were present during visible platform trials or the probe trial, a measure of spatial memory. Moreover, groups also did not differ on estimates of IQ and variability of performance. The findings are discussed in relation to androgen insensitivity in human spatial learning and memory. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-17/pdf/2012-3839.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-17/pdf/2012-3839.pdf"><span>77 FR 9625 - Presentation of Final Conventional Conformance Test Criteria and Common Air Interface (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-02-17</p> <p>... Tests for Inclusion in the Program AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST... meeting is to present the final requirements for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> conventional conformance tests for inclusion in the... suitability for inclusion in the P25 CAP is below: Conformance tests should limit devices in the test...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.189...70K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.189...70K"><span>A link between oxygen, calcium and titanium isotopes in 26Al-poor hibonite-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from Murchison and implications for the heterogeneity of dust reservoirs in the solar nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kööp, Levke; Davis, Andrew M.; Nakashima, Daisuke; Park, Changkun; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Tenner, Travis J.; Heck, Philipp R.; Kita, Noriko T.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>PLACs (platy hibonite crystals) and related hibonite-rich calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>; hereafter collectively referred to as PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) have the largest nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies of all materials believed to have formed in the solar system. Most PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have low inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios and could have formed prior to injection or widespread distribution of 26Al in the solar nebula. In this study, we report 26Al-26Mg systematics combined with oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopic compositions for a large number of newly separated PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the Murchison CM2 chondrite (32 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> studied for oxygen, 26 of these also for 26Al-26Mg, calcium and titanium). Our results confirm (1) the large range of nucleosynthetic anomalies in 50Ti and 48Ca (our data range from -70‰ to +170‰ and -60‰ to +80‰, respectively), (2) the substantial range of Δ17O values (-28‰ to -17‰, with Δ17O = δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O), and (3) general 26Al-depletion in PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. The multielement approach reveals a relationship between Δ17O and the degree of variability in 50Ti and 48Ca: PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with the highest Δ17O (∼-17‰) show large positive and negative 50Ti and 48Ca anomalies, while those with the lowest Δ17O (∼-28‰) have small to no anomalies in 50Ti and 48Ca. These observations could suggest a physical link between anomalous 48Ca and 50Ti carriers and an 16O-poor reservoir. We suggest that the solar nebula was isotopically heterogeneous shortly after collapse of the protosolar molecular cloud, and that the primordial dust reservoir, in which anomalous carrier phases were heterogeneously distributed, was 16O-poor (Δ17O ⩾ -17‰) relative to the primordial gaseous (CO + H2O) reservoir (Δ17O < -35‰). However, other models such as CO self-shielding in the protoplanetary disk are also considered to explain the link between oxygen and calcium and titanium isotopes in PLAC-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953480','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953480"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 562: Waste Systems Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Alfred Wickline</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 562 is located in Areas 2, 23, and 25 of the Nevada Test Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 562 is comprised of the 13 corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 02-26-11, Lead Shot • 02-44-02, Paint Spills and French Drain • 02-59-01, Septic System • 02-60-01, Concrete Drain • 02-60-02, French Drain • 02-60-03, Steam Cleaning Drain • 02-60-04, French Drain • 02-60-05, French Drain • 02-60-06, French Drain • 02-60-07, French Drain • 23-60-01, Mud Trap Drain and Outfall • 23-99-06, Grease Trap • 25-60-04, Buildingmore » 3123 Outfalls These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on December 11, 2008, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office; Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture; and National Security Technologies, LLC. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 562. Appendix A provides a detailed discussion of the DQO methodology and the DQOs specific to each CAS. The scope of the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> for CAU 562 includes the following activities: • Move surface debris and/or materials, as needed, to facilitate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010652','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140010652"><span>A FIB/TEM/Nanosims Study of a Wark-Lovering Rim on an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Ca- Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are commonly surrounded by Wark-Lovering (WL) rims - thin (approx. 50 micrometers) multilayered sequences - whose mineralogy is dominated by high temperature minerals similar to those that occur in the cores of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> [1]. The origins of these WL rims involved high temperature events in the early nebula such as condensation, flashheating or reaction with a nebular reservoir, or combinations of these processes. These rims formed after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation but prior to accretion into their parent bodies. We have undertaken a coordinated mineralogical and isotopic study of WL rims to determine the formation conditions of the individual layers and to constrain the isotopic reservoirs they interacted with during their history. We focus here on the spinel layer, the first-formed highest- temperature layer in the WL rim sequence. Results and Discussion: We have performed mineralogical, chemical and isotopic analyses of an unusual ultrarefractory inclusion from the Allende CV3 chondrite (SHAL) consisting of an approx. 500 micrometers long single crystal of hibonite and co-existing coarsegrained perovskite. SHAL is partially surrounded by WL rim. We previously reported on the mineralogy, isotopic compositions and trace elements in SHAL [2-4]. The spinel layer in the WL rim is present only on the hibonite and terminates abruptly at the contact with the coarse perovskite. This simple observation shows that the spinel layer is not a condensate in this case (otherwise spinel would have condensed on the perovskite as well). The spinel layer appears to have formed by gas-phase corrosion of the hibonite by Mg-rich vapors such that the spinel layer grew at the expense of the hibonite. We also found that the spinel layer has the same 16Orich composition as the hibonite. The spinel layer is polycrystalline and individual crystals do not show a crystallographic relationship with the hibonite. An Al-diopside layer overlies the spinel layer, and is present on both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec206-54.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec206-54.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.54 - <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> with respect to extension of <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> with respect to extension of <span class="hlt">action</span>. 206.54 Section 206.54 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150018570','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150018570"><span>Characterization of Meteorites by Focused Ion Beam Sectioning: Recent Applications to <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and Primitive Meteorite Matrices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Christoffersen, Roy; Keller, Lindsay P.; Han, Jangmi; Rahman, Zia; Berger, Eve L.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning has revolutionized preparation of meteorite samples for characterization by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and other techniques. Although FIB is not "non-destructive" in the purest sense, each extracted section amounts to no more than nanograms (approximately 500 cubic microns) removed intact from locations precisely controlled by SEM imaging and analysis. Physical alteration of surrounding material by ion damage, fracture or sputter contamination effects is localized to within a few micrometers around the lift-out point. This leaves adjacent material intact for coordinate geochemical analysis by SIMS, microdrill extraction/TIMS and other techniques. After lift out, FIB sections can be quantitatively analyzed by electron microprobe prior to final thinning, synchrotron x-ray techniques, and by the full range of state-of-the-art analytical field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (FE-STEM) techniques once thinning is complete. Multiple meteorite studies supported by FIB/FE-STEM are currently underway at NASA-JSC, including coordinated analysis of refractory phase assemblages in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and fine-grained matrices in carbonaceous chondrites. FIB sectioning of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> has uncovered epitaxial and other overgrowth relations between corundum-hibonite-spinel consistent with hibonite preceding corundum and/or spinel in non-equilibrium condensation sequences at combinations of higher gas pressures, dust-gas enrichments or significant nebular transport. For all of these cases, the ability of FIB to allow for coordination with spatially-associated isotopic data by SIMS provides immense value for constraining the formation scenarios of the particular <span class="hlt">CAI</span> assemblage. For carbonaceous chondrites matrix material, FIB has allowed us to obtain intact continuous sections of the immediate outer surface of Murchison (CM2) after it has been experimentally ion processed to simulate solar wind space weathering. The surface</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1167394','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1167394"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 567: Miscellaneous Soil Sites - Nevada National Security Site, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report presents information supporting the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 567: Miscellaneous Soil Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada. The purpose of this Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> is needed for CAU 567 based on the implementation of the corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> implemented at CAU 567 were developed based on an evaluation of analytical data from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, the assumed presence of COCs at specific locations, and the detailed and comparative analysis of the CAAs. The CAAs weremore » selected on technical merit focusing on performance, reliability, feasibility, safety, and cost. The implemented corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> meet all requirements for the technical components evaluated. The CAAs meet all applicable federal and state regulations for closure of the site. Based on the implementation of these corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>, the DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office provides the following recommendations: • No further corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> are necessary for CAU 567. • The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection issue a Notice of Completion to the DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office for closure of CAU 567. • CAU 567 be moved from Appendix III to Appendix IV of the FFACO.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED077195.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED077195.pdf"><span>A Model Driven Question-Answering System for a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Environment. Final Report (July 1970 to May 1972).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brown, John S.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A question answering system which permits a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) student greater initiative in the variety of questions he can ask is described. A method is presented to represent the dynamic processes of a subject matter area by augmented finite state automata, which permits efficient inferencing about dynamic processes and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693267"><span>Complete genome sequence of Defluviimonas alba <span class="hlt">cai</span>42T, a microbial exopolysaccharides producer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jie-Yu; Geng, Shuang; Xu, Lian; Hu, Bing; Sun, Ji-Quan; Nie, Yong; Tang, Yue-Qin; Wu, Xiao-Lei</p> <p>2016-12-10</p> <p>Defluviimonas alba <span class="hlt">cai</span>42 T , isolated from the oil-production water in Xinjiang Oilfield in China, has a strong ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). We hereby present its complete genome sequence information which consists of a circular chromosome and three plasmids. The strain characteristically contains various genes encoding for enzymes involved in EPS biosynthesis, modification, and export. According to the genomic and physiochemical data, it is predicted that the strain has the potential to be utilized in industrial production of microbial EPS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840833','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840833"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219: Septic Systems and Injection Wells, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>David A. Strand</p> <p></p> <p>The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219, Septic Systems and Injection Wells, has been developed in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (1996) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense. The purpose of the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is to ensure that adequate data are collected to provide sufficient and reliable information to identify, evaluate, and select technically viable corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219 is located in Areas 3, 16, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site, which is 65 miles northwest ofmore » Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 219 is comprised of the six Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) listed below: (1) 03-11-01, Steam Pipes and Asbestos Tiles; (2) 16-04-01, Septic Tanks (3); (3) 16-04-02, Distribution Box; (4) 16-04-03, Sewer Pipes; (5) 23-20-01, DNA Motor Pool Sewage and Waste System; and (6) 23-20-02, Injection Well. These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> prior to evaluating corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/631145','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/631145"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan: Cactus Spring Waste Trenches. Revision 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p></p> <p>This Correction <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains environmental sample collection objectives and logic for the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit No. 426, which includes the Cactus Spring Waste Trenches, located at the Tonopah Test Range. The purpose of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is to generate sufficient data to establish the types of waste buried in the trenches, identify the presence and nature of contamination, determine the vertical extent of contaminant migration below the Cactus Spring Waste Trenches, and determine the appropriate course of <span class="hlt">action</span> for the site. The potential courses of <span class="hlt">action</span> for the site are clean closure, closure in place (with or withoutmore » remediation), or no further <span class="hlt">action</span>. The scope of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will include drilling and collecting subsurface samples from within and below the trenches. Sampling locations will be biased toward the areas most likely to be contaminated. The Cactus Spring Waste Trenches Site is identified as one of three potential locations for buried, radioactively contaminated materials from the Double Tracks Test. This test was the first of four storage-transportation tests conducted in 1963 as part of Operation Roller Coaster. The experiment involved the use of live animals to assess the inhalation intake of a plutonium aerosol.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994CPL...225...76C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994CPL...225...76C"><span>Resonance-enhanced two-photon excitation of <span class="hlt">CaI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Casero-Junquera, Elena; Lawruszczuk, Rafal; Rostas, Joëlle; Taieb, Guy</p> <p>1994-07-01</p> <p>Induced fluorescence following visible (620-655 nm) laser excitation of the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> radical has been detected not only in the same region (B, A-X transitions), but also in the UV (315-330 nm). The UV two-photon excitation spectrum consists of narrow bands appearing at laser frequencies located within certain bands of the Δ v = 1, 0 sequences of the B 2Σ +-X 2Σ + and A 2Π 1/2-X 2Σ + systems. The main peaks are tentatively assigned to resonance-enhanced excitation of a single vibrational level of the lowest Rydberg D 2Σ + state from successive vibrational levels of the ground state. The excitation process is a one-color two-photon optical—optical-double-resonance via B 2Σ + and A 2Π 1/2 intermediate levels. This analysis is supported by the absorption spectrum observed long ago by Walters and Barratt. The absorption and laser excitation complementary data have been used to derive approximate molecular constants for the D state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239997','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239997"><span>A Design of Computer Aided Instructions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for Undirected Graphs in the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT). Part 1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>The objective of this thesis research is to create a tutorial for teaching aspects of undirected graphs in discrete math . It is one of the submodules...of the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT), which is a Computer Aided Instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool for teaching discrete math to the Naval Academy and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239998','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA239998"><span>A Design of Computer Aided Instructions (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for Undirected Graphs in the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT). Part 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>The objective of this thesis research is to create a tutorial for teaching aspects of undirected graphs in discrete math . It is one of the submodules...of the Discrete Math Tutorial (DMT), which is a Computer Aided Instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) tool for teaching discrete math to the Naval Academy and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5655020','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5655020"><span>Simultaneous Quantification of Spatially Discordant Alternans in Voltage and Intracellular Calcium in Langendorff-Perfused Rabbit Hearts and Inconsistencies with Models of Cardiac <span class="hlt">Action</span> Potentials and Ca Transients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Uzelac, Ilija; Ji, Yanyan C.; Hornung, Daniel; Schröder-Scheteling, Johannes; Luther, Stefan; Gray, Richard A.; Cherry, Elizabeth M.; Fenton, Flavio H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Rationale: Discordant alternans, a phenomenon in which the <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration (APDs) and/or intracellular calcium transient durations (CaDs) in different spatial regions of cardiac tissue are out of phase, present a dynamical instability for complex spatial dispersion that can be associated with long-QT syndrome (LQTS) and the initiation of reentrant arrhythmias. Because the use of numerical simulations to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> arrhythmic effects, such as acquired LQTS by drugs is beginning to be studied by the FDA, it is crucial to validate mathematical models that may be used during this process. Objective: In this study, we characterized with high spatio-temporal resolution the development of discordant alternans patterns in transmembrane voltage (Vm) and intracellular calcium concentration ([<span class="hlt">Cai</span>]+2) as a function of pacing period in rabbit hearts. Then we compared the dynamics to that of the latest state-of-the-art model for ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials and calcium transients to better understand the underlying mechanisms of discordant alternans and compared the experimental data to the mathematical models representing Vm and [<span class="hlt">Cai</span>]+2 dynamics. Methods and Results: We performed simultaneous dual optical mapping imaging of Vm and [<span class="hlt">Cai</span>]+2 in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts with higher spatial resolutions compared with previous studies. The rabbit hearts developed discordant alternans through decreased pacing period protocols and we quantified the presence of multiple nodal points along the direction of wave propagation, both in APD and CaD, and compared these findings with results from theoretical models. In experiments, the nodal lines of CaD alternans have a steeper slope than those of APD alternans, but not as steep as predicted by numerical simulations in rabbit models. We further quantified several additional discrepancies between models and experiments. Conclusions: Alternans in CaD have nodal lines that are about an order of magnitude steeper compared to</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165016','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165016"><span>Sexual life and sexual wellness in individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fliegner, Maike; Krupp, Kerstin; Brunner, Franziska; Rall, Katharina; Brucker, Sara Y; Briken, Peer; Richter-Appelt, Hertha</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Sexual wellness depends on a person's physical and psychological constitution. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) can compromise sexual well-being. To compare sexual well-being in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and MRKHS using multiple measures: To assess sexual problems and perceived distress. To gain insight into participants' feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, level of self-esteem and depression. To determine how these psychological factors relate to sexual (dys)function. To uncover what participants see as the source of their sexual problems. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Eleven individuals with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and 49 with MRKHS with/without neovagina treatment were included. Rates of sexual dysfunctions, overall sexual function, feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, self-esteem and depression scores were calculated. Categorizations were used to identify critical cases. Correlations between psychological variables and sexual function were computed. Sexually active subjects were compared with sexually not active participants. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to explore causes of sexual problems. An extended list of sexual problems based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision, by the American Psychiatric Association and related distress. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), German Questionnaire on Feelings of Inadequacy in Social and Sexual Situations (FUSS social scale, FUSS sexual scale), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscale depression. Open question on alleged causes of sexual problems. The results point to a far-reaching lack of sexual confidence and sexual satisfaction in <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>. In MRKHS apprehension in sexual situations is a source of distress, but sexual problems seem to be more focused on issues of vaginal functioning. MRKHS women report being satisfied with their</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/933027','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/933027"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 560: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada with ROTC1, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Grant Evenson</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 560 is located in Areas 3 and 6 of the Nevada Test Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 560 is comprised of the seven corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 03-51-01, Leach Pit • 06-04-02, Septic Tank • 06-05-03, Leach Pit • 06-05-04, Leach Bed • 06-59-03, Building CP-400 Septic System • 06-59-04, Office Trailer Complex Sewage Pond • 06-59-05, Control Point Septic System These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend correctivemore » <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on January 22, 2008, by representatives from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office; Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture; and National Security Technologies, LLC. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 560.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/973398','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/973398"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 374: Area 20 Schooner Unit Crater Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p></p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 374 is located in Areas 18 and 20 of the Nevada Test Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 374 comprises the five corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 18-22-05, Drum • 18-22-06, Drums (20) • 18-22-08, Drum • 18-23-01, Danny Boy Contamination Area • 20-45-03, U-20u Crater (Schooner) These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAsmore » and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on October 20, 2009, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 374.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22317482','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22317482"><span>Aircraft accident <span class="hlt">investigation</span>: the decision-making in initial <span class="hlt">action</span> scenario.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barreto, Marcia M; Ribeiro, Selma L O</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In the complex aeronautical environment, the efforts in terms of operational safety involve the adoption of proactive and reactive measures. The process of <span class="hlt">investigation</span> begins right after the occurrence of the aeronautical accident, through the initial <span class="hlt">action</span>. Thus, it is in the crisis scenario, that the person responsible for the initial <span class="hlt">action</span> makes decisions and gathers the necessary information for the subsequent phases of the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> process. Within this scenario, which is a natural environment, researches have shown the fragility of rational models of decision making. The theoretical perspective of naturalistic decision making constitutes a breakthrough in the understanding of decision problems demanded by real world. The proposal of this study was to verify if the initial <span class="hlt">action</span>, after the occurrence of an accident, and the decision-making strategies, used by the <span class="hlt">investigators</span> responsible for this activity, are characteristic of the naturalistic decision making theoretical approach. To attend the proposed objective a descriptive research was undertaken with a sample of professionals that work in this activity. The data collected through individual interviews were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the initial <span class="hlt">action</span> environment, which includes restricted time, dynamic conditions, the presence of multiple actors, stress and insufficient information is characteristic of the naturalistic decision making. They also demonstrated that, when the <span class="hlt">investigators</span> make their decisions, they use their experience and the mental simulation, intuition, improvisation, metaphors and analogues cases, as strategies, all of them related to the naturalistic approach of decision making, in order to satisfy the needs of the situation and reach the objectives of the initial <span class="hlt">action</span> in the accident scenario.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/446330','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/446330"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan: Cactus Spring Waste Trenches. Revision 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p></p> <p>This Correction <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains environmental sample collection objectives and logic for the CAU No. 426, which includes the Cactus Spring Waste Trenches, CAS No. RG-08-001-RG-CS. The Cactus Spring Waste Trenches are located at the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) which is part of the Nellis Air Force Range, approximately 255 kilometers (km) (140 miles [mi]) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, by air. The purpose of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is to generate sufficient data to establish the types of waste buried in the trenches, identify the presence and nature of contamination, determine the vertical extent of contaminant migration below themore » Cactus Spring Waste Trenches, and determine the appropriate course of <span class="hlt">action</span> for the site. The potential courses of <span class="hlt">action</span> for the site are clean closure, closure in place (with or without remediation), or no further <span class="hlt">action</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953474','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953474"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 371: Johnnie Boy Crater and Pin Stripe Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p></p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 371 is located in Areas 11 and 18 of the Nevada Test Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 371 is comprised of the two corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 11-23-05, Pin Stripe Contamination Area • 18-45-01, U-18j-2 Crater (Johnnie Boy) These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives. Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives and selecting the appropriate correctivemore » <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on November 19, 2008, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office; Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture; and National Security Technologies, LLC. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 371. Appendix A provides a detailed discussion of the DQO methodology and the DQOs specific to each CAS. The scope of the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> for CAU 371 includes the following activities: • Move surface debris and/or materials, as needed, to facilitate sampling. • Conduct radiological surveys. • Measure in situ external dose rates using thermoluminescent dosimeters or other dose measurement devices. • Collect and submit environmental samples for laboratory analysis to determine internal dose rates. • Combine internal and external dose rates to determine</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22080372-quantum-computational-universality-cai-miyake-duer-briegel-two-dimensional-quantum-state-from-affleck-kennedy-lieb-tasaki-quasichains','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22080372-quantum-computational-universality-cai-miyake-duer-briegel-two-dimensional-quantum-state-from-affleck-kennedy-lieb-tasaki-quasichains"><span>Quantum computational universality of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Duer-Briegel two-dimensional quantum state from Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3840; Raussendorf, Robert</p> <p>2011-10-15</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, Duer, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. A 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by single-spin measurements. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain canmore » be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. We further argue that a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Duer-Briegel state.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A21A2152H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A21A2152H"><span>Adaptation of an aerosol retrieval algorithm using multi-wavelength and multi-pixel information of satellites (MWPM) to GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hashimoto, M.; Takenaka, H.; Higurashi, A.; Nakajima, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Aerosol in the atmosphere is an important constituent for determining the earth's radiation budget, so the accurate aerosol retrievals from satellite is useful. We have developed a satellite remote sensing algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical properties using multi-wavelength and multi-pixel information of satellite imagers (MWPM). The method simultaneously derives aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical thickness (AOT), single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol size information, by using spatial difference of wavelegths (multi-wavelength) and surface reflectances (multi-pixel). The method is useful for aerosol retrieval over spatially heterogeneous surface like an urban region. In this algorithm, the inversion method is a combination of an optimal method and smoothing constraint for the state vector. Furthermore, this method has been combined with the direct radiation transfer calculation (RTM) numerically solved by each iteration step of the non-linear inverse problem, without using look up table (LUT) with several constraints. However, it takes too much computation time. To accelerate the calculation time, we replaced the RTM with an accelerated RTM solver learned by neural network-based method, EXAM (Takenaka et al., 2011), using Rster code. And then, the calculation time was shorternd to about one thouthandth. We applyed MWPM combined with EXAM to GOSAT/TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> (Cloud and Aerosol Imager). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a supplement sensor of TANSO-FTS, dedicated to measure cloud and aerosol properties. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has four bands, 380, 674, 870 and 1600 nm, and observes in 500 meters resolution for band1, band2 and band3, and 1.5 km for band4. Retrieved parameters are aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of fine and coarse mode particles at a wavelenth of 500nm, a volume soot fraction in fine mode particles, and ground surface albedo of each observed wavelength by combining a minimum reflectance method and Fukuda et al. (2013). We will show</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ALS&id=EJ1172293','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ALS&id=EJ1172293"><span>Learning, <span class="hlt">Action</span> and Solutions in <span class="hlt">Action</span> Learning: <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of Facilitation Practice Using the Concept of Living Theories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sanyal, Chandana</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This paper explores the practice of <span class="hlt">action</span> learning (AL) facilitation in supporting AL set members to address their 'messy' problems through a self-reflexive approach using the concept of 'living theory' [Whitehead, J., and J. McNiff. 2006. "<span class="hlt">Action</span> Research Living Theory." London: Sage]. The facilitation practice is <span class="hlt">investigated</span> through…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A41I0176K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A41I0176K"><span>GOSAT CO2 retrieval results using TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol information over East Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>KIM, M.; Kim, W.; Jung, Y.; Lee, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, H.; Boesch, H.; Goo, T. Y.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>In the satellite remote sensing of CO2, incorrect aerosol information could induce large errors as previous studies suggested. Many factors, such as, aerosol type, wavelength dependency of AOD, aerosol polarization effect and etc. have been main error sources. Due to these aerosol effects, large number of data retrieved are screened out in quality control, or retrieval errors tend to increase if not screened out, especially in East Asia where aerosol concentrations are fairly high. To reduce these aerosol induced errors, a CO2 retrieval algorithm using the simultaneous TANSO-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol information is developed. This algorithm adopts AOD and aerosol type information as a priori information from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> aerosol retrieval algorithm. The CO2 retrieval algorithm based on optimal estimation method and VLIDORT, a vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer model. The CO2 algorithm, developed with various state vectors to find accurate CO2 concentration, shows reasonable results when compared with other dataset. This study concentrates on the validation of retrieved results with the ground-based TCCON measurements in East Asia and the comparison with the previous retrieval from ACOS, NIES, and UoL. Although, the retrieved CO2 concentration is lower than previous results by ppm's, it shows similar trend and high correlation with previous results. Retrieved data and TCCON measurements data are compared at three stations of Tsukuba, Saga, Anmyeondo in East Asia, with the collocation criteria of ±2°in latitude/longitude and ±1 hours of GOSAT passing time. Compared results also show similar trend with good correlation. Based on the TCCON comparison results, bias correction equation is calculated and applied to the East Asia data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=csr+OR+corporate+AND+social+AND+responsibility&id=EJ1062828','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=csr+OR+corporate+AND+social+AND+responsibility&id=EJ1062828"><span>From Corporate Social Responsibility, through Entrepreneurial Orientation, to Knowledge Sharing: A Study in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Luong (Renovated Theatre) Theatre Companies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Tuan, Luu Trong</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: This paper aims to examine the role of antecedents such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and entrepreneurial orientation in the chain effect to knowledge sharing among members of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Luong theatre companies in the Vietnamese context. Knowledge sharing contributes to the depth of the knowledge pool of both the individuals and the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.486..162S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCrGr.486..162S"><span>Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Eu2+ doped Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6 and Cs4SrI6</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stand, L.; Zhuravleva, M.; Chakoumakos, B.; Johnson, J.; Loyd, M.; Wu, Y.; Koschan, M.; Melcher, C. L.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this work we present the crystal growth and scintillation properties of two new ternarymetal halide scintillators activated with divalent europium, Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6 and Cs4SrI6. Single crystals of each compound were grown in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that both crystals have a trigonal (R-3c) structure, with a density of 3.99 g/cm3 and 4.03 g/cm3. The radioluminescence and photoluminescence measurements showed typical luminescence properties due to the 5d-4f radiative transitions in Eu2+. At this early stage of development Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4<span class="hlt">CaI</span>6:Eu have shown very promising scintillation properties, with light yields and energy resolutions of 62,300 ph/MeV and 3.3%, and 51,800 photons/MeV and 3.6% at 662 keV, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvA..84d2333W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvA..84d2333W"><span>Quantum computational universality of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Dür-Briegel two-dimensional quantum state from Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Tzu-Chieh; Raussendorf, Robert; Kwek, Leong Chuan</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Miyake, Dür, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.82.052309 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by single-spin measurements. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain can be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. We further argue that a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span>-Miyake-Dür-Briegel state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.207....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.207....1T"><span>In situ isotopic studies of the U-depleted Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Curious Marie: Pre-accretionary alteration and the co-existence of 26Al and 36Cl in the early solar nebula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Haolan; Liu, Ming-Chang; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Tissot, Francois L. H.; Dauphas, Nicolas</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The isotopic composition of oxygen as well as 26Al-26Mg and 36Cl-36S systematics were studied in Curious Marie, an aqueously altered Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span> characterized by a Group II REE pattern and a large 235U excess produced by the decay of short-lived 247Cm. Oxygen isotopic compositions in the secondary minerals of Curious Marie follow a mass-dependent fractionation line with a relatively homogenous depletion in 16O (Δ17O of -8‰) compared to unaltered minerals of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> components. Both Mg and S show large excesses of radiogenic isotopes (26Mg∗ and 36S∗) that are uniformly distributed within the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, independent of parent/daughter ratio. A model initial 26Al/27Al ratio [(6.2 ± 0.9) × 10-5], calculated using the bulk Al/Mg ratio and the uniform δ26Mg∗ ∼ +43‰, is similar to the canonical initial solar system value within error. The exceptionally high bulk Al/Mg ratio of this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (∼95) compared to other inclusions is presumably due to Mg mobilization by fluids. Therefore, the model initial 26Al/27Al ratio of this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> implies not only the early condensation of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> precursor but also that aqueous alteration occurred early, when 26Al was still at or near the canonical value. This alteration event is most likely responsible for the U depletion in Curious Marie and occurred at most 50 kyr after <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation, leading to a revised estimate of the early solar system 247Cm/235U ratio of (5.6 ± 0.3) × 10-5. The Mg isotopic composition in Curious Marie was subsequently homogenized by closed-system thermal processing without contamination by chondritic Mg. The large, homogeneous 36S excesses (Δ36S∗ ∼ +97‰) detected in the secondary phases of Curious Marie are attributed to 36Cl decay (t1/2 = 0.3 Myr) that was introduced by Cl-rich fluids during the aqueous alteration event that led to sodalite formation. A model 36Cl/35Cl ratio of (2.3 ± 0.6) × 10-5 is calculated at the time of aqueous alteration, translating into an initial 36Cl/35Cl ratio of ∼1.7-3 </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009gdca.conf..321C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009gdca.conf..321C"><span>Problem Solving Process Research of Everyone Involved in Innovation Based on <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Tao; Shao, Yunfei; Tang, Xiaowo</p> <p></p> <p>It is very important that non-technical department personnel especially bottom line employee serve as innovators under the requirements of everyone involved in innovation. According the view of this paper, it is feasible and necessary to build everyone involved in innovation problem solving process under Total Innovation Management (TIM) based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The tools under the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> technology: How TO mode and science effects database could be very useful for all employee especially non-technical department and bottom line for innovation. The problem solving process put forward in the paper focus on non-technical department personnel especially bottom line employee for innovation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117860','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117860"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 568: Area 3 Plutonium Dispersion Sites Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>CAU 568 is a grouping of sites where there has been a suspected release of contamination associated with nuclear testing. This document describes the planned <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of CAU 568, which comprises the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): • 03-23-17, S-3I Contamination Area • 03-23-19, T-3U Contamination Area • 03-23-20, Otero Contamination Area • 03-23-22, Platypus Contamination Area • 03-23-23, San Juan Contamination Area • 03-23-26, Shrew/Wolverine Contamination Area These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained bymore » conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> report.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/654058','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/654058"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 340, Pesticide Release Sites, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p></p> <p>This Correction <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the US Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV); the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP); and the US Department of Defense. As required by the FFACO (1996), this document provides or references all of the specific information for planning <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities associated with three Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) located at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). These CASs are collectively known as Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 340, Pesticide Release Sites. According to themore » FFACO, CASs are sites that may require corrective <span class="hlt">action(s</span>) and may include solid waste management units or individual disposal or release sites. These sites are CAS 23-21-01, Area 23 Quonset Hut 800 (Q800) Pesticide Release Ditch; CAS 23-18-03, Area 23 Skid Huts Pesticide Storage; and CAS 15-18-02, Area 15 Quonset Hut 15-11 Pesticide Storage (Q15-11). The purpose of this CAIP for CAU 340 is to direct and guide the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> for the evaluation of the nature and extent of pesticides, herbicides, and other contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) that were stored, mixed, and/or disposed of at each of the CASs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343776','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343776"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 576: Miscellaneous Radiological Sites and Debris Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p></p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 576 is located in Areas 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9 of the Nevada National Security Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. CAU 576 is a grouping of sites where there has been a suspected release of contamination associated with nuclear testing. This document describes the planned <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of CAU 576, which comprises the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): 00-99-01, Potential Source Material; 02-99-12, U-2af (Kennebec) Surface Rad-Chem Piping; 03-99-20, Area 3 Subsurface Rad-Chem Piping; 05-19-04, Frenchman Flat Rad Waste Dump ; 09-99-08, U-9x (Allegheny) Subsurface Rad-Chem Piping; 09-99-09, U-9its u24more » (Avens-Alkermes) Surface Contaminated Flex Line These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document (CADD).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1023353','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1023353"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 106: Areas 5, 11 Frenchman Flat Atmospheric Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 106 comprises the four corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 05-20-02, Evaporation Pond • 05-23-05, Atmospheric Test Site - Able • 05-45-04, 306 GZ Rad Contaminated Area • 05-45-05, 307 GZ Rad Contaminated Area These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viablemore » CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on January 19, 2010, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 106. The presence and nature of contamination at CAU 106 will be evaluated based on information collected from a field <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. The CAU includes land areas impacted by the release of radionuclides from groundwater pumping during the Radionuclide Migration study program (CAS 05-20-02), a weapons-related airdrop test (CAS 05-23-05), and unknown support activities at two sites (CAS 05-45-04 and CAS 05-45-05). The presence and nature of contamination from surface-deposited radiological contamination from CAS 05-23-05, Atmospheric Test Site - Able, and other types of releases (such as migration and excavation as well as any potential releases discovered during the <span class="hlt">investigation</span>) from the remaining three CASs will be evaluated using soil samples collected from the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/975050','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/975050"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 375: Area 30 Buggy Unit Craters, Nevada Test Site, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 375 is located in Areas 25 and 30 of the Nevada Test Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 375 comprises the two corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) listed below: • 25-23-22, Contaminated Soils Site • 30-45-01, U-30a, b, c, d, e Craters Existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination present at the CAU 375 CASs is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). This document details an <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan that will provide for the gathering of sufficient information to evaluate and recommend CAAs. Correctivemore » <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 25-23-22 is composed of the releases associated with nuclear rocket testing at Test Cell A (TCA). Test Cell A was used to test and develop nuclear rocket motors as part of the Nuclear Rocket Development Station from its construction in 1958 until 1966, when rocket testing began being conducted at Test Cell C. The rocket motors were built with an unshielded nuclear reactor that produced as much as 1,100 kilowatts (at full power) to heat liquid hydrogen to 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, at which time the expanded gases were focused out a nozzle to produce thrust. The fuel rods in the reactor were not clad and were designed to release fission fragments to the atmosphere, but due to vibrations and loss of cooling during some operational tests, fuel fragments in excess of planned releases became entrained in the exhaust and spread in the immediate surrounding area. Cleanup efforts have been undertaken at times to collect the fuel rod fragments and other contamination. Previous environmental <span class="hlt">investigations</span> in the TCA area have resulted in the creation of a number of use restrictions. The industrial area of TCA is encompassed by a fence and is currently posted as a radioactive material area. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 30-45-01 (releases associated with the Buggy Plowshare test) is located in Area 30 on Chukar Mesa. It was</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1012877.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1012877.pdf"><span>Using <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research to <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> Social Networking Technologies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Worrall, Lisa; Harris, Katy</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This article outlines the first cycle of an <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research (AR) <span class="hlt">investigation</span> into why professional learners are not using the Social Networking Technologies (SNTs) of their bespoke website. It presents the rationale of how this study came about, the ontological and epistemological stance of the authors and how this led to the particular choice…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1134481','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1134481"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 573: Alpha Contaminated Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 573 is located in Area 5 of the Nevada National Security Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. CAU 573 is a grouping of sites where there has been a suspected release of contamination associated with non-nuclear experiments and nuclear testing. This document describes the planned <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of CAU 573, which comprises the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): • 05-23-02, GMX Alpha Contaminated Area • 05-45-01, Atmospheric Test Site - Hamilton These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate andmore » recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29546431','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29546431"><span>Psychological well-being and workability in child abuse <span class="hlt">investigators</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tehrani, N</p> <p>2018-05-17</p> <p>Working with victims and offenders of child abuse can impact on the health and well-being of police officers and staff. To identify the effects of tenure, work ability, gender and a personal experience of child abuse on symptoms of anxiety, depression and primary and secondary trauma in child abuse <span class="hlt">investigators</span> (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Screening questionnaires were sent to police officers and staff. The officers and staff worked in child protection in seven police forces. The surveillance was undertaken online and the data were encrypted and personal identifiers removed. The four clinical measures were Goldberg Anxiety/Depression Scale, Professional Quality of Life and Impact of Events (extended). Eighty-two per cent of 2798 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> returned questionnaires. There was a statistically significant relationship between all four clinical symptoms and workability (P < 0.001), between tenure and primary trauma (P < 0.01) and between anxiety, depression, primary trauma and workability and adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that workability, tenure and ACE scores explained between 12 and 23% of the variance. There were gender differences with women having higher levels of symptoms; however, the effect size and clinical significance were negligible for all but the primary trauma scores. Psychological surveillance can provide an important source of evidence for occupational health practitioners working with <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in informing them of the factors which could be considered in selecting, training, supporting and retaining officers and staff. Psychological surveillance can also help police management to identify ways to monitor the long-term effectiveness and well-being of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Raise+AND+iq&pg=4&id=ED283870','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Raise+AND+iq&pg=4&id=ED283870"><span>An Empirical Assessment of Selected Software Purported to Raise SAT Scores Significantly When Utilized With Short-Term <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on the Microcomputer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Davis, Wesley D.</p> <p></p> <p>This study evaluated Krell's 1981-82 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) preparatory series software purported to raise students' scores substantially after only a short term of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Forty-eight college-bound juniors from Escambia County (Florida) were assigned to experimental and control groups. A two-phased pre- and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=225291','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=225291"><span>MEDLEARN: a computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program for MEDLARS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eisenberg, L J; Standing, R A; Tidball, C S; Leiter, J</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>*MEDLEARN*, a second-generation computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) program available (nationally) since October 1976, provides on-line training for MEDLINE, one of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) data base. *MEDLEARN* was developed as a joint effort between NLM and The George Washington University Medical Center. Using MEDLINE formats throughout, *MEDLEARN* combines tutorial dialogue, drill and practice, testing, and simulation. The program was designed in three tracks oriented to basic methods, advanced techniques, and new developments. Each topic is presented on two levels, permitting an alternate explanation for users encountering difficulty. *MEDLEARN*, coded in the computer language PILOT, was developed with a modular structure which promotes ease of writing and revision. A versatile control structure maximizes student control. Frequent interactions check immediate recall, general comprehension, and integration of knowledge. Two MEDLINE simulations are included, providing the student an opportunity to formulate and execute a search, have it evaluated, and then perform the search in MEDLINE. Commenting, news broadcasting, and monitoring (with permission only) capabilities are also available. Subjective field appraisals have been positive and NLM plans to expand *MEDLEARN* and produce similar programs for other data bases. PMID:342015</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817208','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817208"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 528: Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contamination, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 528, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contamination (PCBs), Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Located in the southwestern portion of Area 25 on the NTS in Jackass Flats (adjacent to Test Cell C [TCC]), CAU 528 consists of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 25-27-03, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Surface Contamination. Test Cell C was built to support the Nuclear Rocket Development Stationmore » (operational between 1959 and 1973) activities including conducting ground tests and static firings of nuclear engine reactors. Although CAU 528 was not considered as a direct potential source of PCBs and petroleum contamination, two potential sources of contamination have nevertheless been identified from an unknown source in concentrations that could potentially pose an unacceptable risk to human health and/or the environment. This CAU's close proximity to TCC prompted Shaw to collect surface soil samples, which have indicated the presence of PCBs extending throughout the area to the north, east, south, and even to the edge of the western boundary. Based on this information, more extensive field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities are being planned, the results of which are to be used to support a defensible evaluation of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives in the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> decision document.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366962','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366962"><span>A Novel Task for the <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of <span class="hlt">Action</span> Acquisition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stafford, Tom; Thirkettle, Martin; Walton, Tom; Vautrelle, Nicolas; Hetherington, Len; Port, Michael; Gurney, Kevin; Redgrave, Pete</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We present a behavioural task designed for the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of how novel instrumental <span class="hlt">actions</span> are discovered and learnt. The task consists of free movement with a manipulandum, during which the full range of possible movements can be explored by the participant and recorded. A subset of these movements, the ‘target’, is set to trigger a reinforcing signal. The task is to discover what movements of the manipulandum evoke the reinforcement signal. Targets can be defined in spatial, temporal, or kinematic terms, can be a combination of these aspects, or can represent the concatenation of <span class="hlt">actions</span> into a larger gesture. The task allows the study of how the specific elements of behaviour which cause the reinforcing signal are identified, refined and stored by the participant. The task provides a paradigm where the exploratory motive drives learning and as such we view it as in the tradition of Thorndike [1]. Most importantly it allows for repeated measures, since when a novel <span class="hlt">action</span> is acquired the criterion for triggering reinforcement can be changed requiring a new <span class="hlt">action</span> to be discovered. Here, we present data using both humans and rats as subjects, showing that our task is easily scalable in difficulty, adaptable across species, and produces a rich set of behavioural measures offering new and valuable insight into the <span class="hlt">action</span> learning process. PMID:22675490</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414844','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414844"><span><span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of antibacterial mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> for traditional and amphiphilic aminoglycosides.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Udumula, Venkatareddy; Ham, Young Wan; Fosso, Marina Y; Chan, Ka Yee; Rai, Ravi; Zhang, Jianjun; Li, Jie; Chang, Cheng-Wei Tom</p> <p>2013-03-15</p> <p>Aminoglycoside represents a class of versatile and broad spectrum antibacterial agents. In an effort to revive the antibacterial activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria, our laboratory has developed two new classes of aminoglycoside, pyranmycin and amphiphilic neomycin (NEOF004). The former resembles the traditional aminoglycoside, neomycin. The latter, albeit derived from neomycin, appears to exert antibacterial <span class="hlt">action</span> via a different mode of <span class="hlt">action</span>. In order to discern that these aminoglycoside derivatives have distinct antibacterial mode of <span class="hlt">action</span>, RNA-binding affinity and fluorogenic dye were employed. These studies, together with our previous <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, confirm that pyranmycin exhibit the traditional antibacterial mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> of aminoglycosides by binding toward the bacterial rRNA. On the other hand, the amphiphilic neomycin, NEOF004 disrupts the bacterial cell wall. In a broader perspective, it verifies that structurally modified neomycin can exert different antibacterial mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> leading to the revival of activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002376','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002376"><span>A New Type of Foreign Clast in A Polymict Ureilite: A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or AL-Rich Chondrule</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Goodrich, C. A.; Ross, D. K.; Treiman, A. H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: Polymict ureilites are breccias interpreted to represent regolith formed on a ureilitic asteroid [1-3]. They consist of approximately 90-95% clasts of various ureilite types (olivine-pyroxene rocks with Fo 75-95), a few % indigenous feldspathic clasts, and a few % foreign clasts [4-20]. The foreign clasts are diverse, including fragments of H, L, LL and R chondrites, angrites, other achondrites, and dark clasts similar to CC [6,7,9-19]. We report a new type of foreign clast in polymict ureilite DaG 999. Methods: Clast 8 in Dar al Gani (DaG) 999/1 (Museum fur Naturkunde) was discovered during a survey of feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites [19,20]. It was studied by BEI, EMPA, and X-ray mapping on the JEOL 8530F electron microprobe at ARES, JSC. Petrography and Mineral Compositions: Clast 8 is sub-rounded to irregular in shape, approximately 85 micrometers in diameter, and consists of approximately 68% pyroxene and 32% mesostasis (by area). Part of the pyroxene (top half of clast in Fig. 1a and 2) shows a coarse dendritic morphology; the rest appears massive. Mesostasis may be glassy and contains fine needles/grains of pyroxene. The pyroxene has very high CaO (23.5 wt.%) and Al2O3 (19.7 wt.%), with the formula: (Ca(0.91)Mg(0.63)Fe(0.01)Al(sup VI) (0.38)Cr(0.01)Ti(0.05)1.99 Si2O6. The bulk mesostasis also has very high Al2O3 (approximately 26 wt.%). A bulk composition for the clast was obtained by combining modal abundances with phase compositions (Table 1, Fig. 3). Discussion: The pyroxene in clast 8 has a Ca-Al-(Ti)- rich (fassaitic) composition that is clearly distinct from compositions of pyroxenes in main group ureilites [22] or indigenous feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites [4-8]. It also has significantly higher Al than fassaite in angrites (up to approximately 12 wt.% [23]), which occur as xenoliths in polymict ureilites. Ca-Al-Ti rich pyroxenes are most commonly found in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, Al-rich chondrules and other types of refractory</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050181983','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050181983"><span>Isotopic <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> of Nebular and Parent Body Processes with a High Sensitivity Ion Microprobe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>McKeegan, Kevin D.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>NASA supported the development of the CAMECA ims 1270 ion microprobe at UCLA for applications in cosmochemistry. The primary <span class="hlt">investigations</span> centered on measuring the microscopic distributions of key isotopic abundances in primitive meteoritic materials as a means of constraining the nature of important thermal and chemical processes in the solar nebula and the timescales associated with those processes. Our prior work on oxygen isotope anomalies in a wide variety of meteoritic materials had led us to a view of a spatially heterogeneous nebula, and in particular, a restricted region for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation that is characterized by O-16-rich gas. Because of its production of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the energetic local environment near the protosun, the existence of a natural transport mechanism via bipolar outflows, and a general astrophysical plausibility, we were attracted to the fluctuating X-wind model which had been put forward by Frank Shu, Typhoon Lee, and colleagues. With our collaborators, we undertook a series of <span class="hlt">investigations</span> to test the viability of this hypothesis; this work led directly to the discovery of live Be in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and a clear demonstration of the existence of 160-rich condensates, which necessarily implies an O-16-rich gaseous reservoir in the nebula. Both of these observations fit well within the context of X-wind type models, i.e. formation of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (or condensation of their precursors) in the reconnection ring sunward of the inner edge of the accretion disk, however much work remains to be done to test whether the physical parameters of the model can quantitatively predict not only the thermal histories of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> but also their radioactivity. The issue of spatial heterogeneity in the nebula, central to the X-wind model, is also at the heart of any chronology based on short-lived radioisotopes. In this work, we followed up on strong hints for presence of exireme:j: (53 day) short-lived Be-7, and have prepared a manuscript (in revision). We also measured A1-Mg</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365489"><span>Subliminal modulation of voluntary <span class="hlt">action</span> experience: A neuropsychological <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalighinejad, N; Kunnumpurath, A; Bertini, C; Ladavas, E; Haggard, P</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Human voluntary <span class="hlt">actions</span> are often associated with a distinctive subjective experience termed 'sense of agency'. This experience could be a reconstructive inference triggered by monitoring one's <span class="hlt">actions</span> and their outcomes, or a read-out of brain processes related to <span class="hlt">action</span> preparation, or some hybrid of these. Participants pressed a key with the right index finger at a time of their own choice, while viewing a rotating clock. Occasionally they received a mild shock on the same finger. They were instructed to press the key as quickly as possible if they felt a shock. On some trials, trains of subliminal shocks were also delivered, to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> whether such subliminal cues could influence the initiation of voluntary <span class="hlt">actions</span>, or the subjective experience of such <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Participants' keypress were always followed by a tone 250 ms later. At the end of each trial they reported the time of the keypress using the rotating clock display. Shifts in the perceived time of the <span class="hlt">action</span> towards the following tone, compared to a baseline condition containing only a keypress but no tone, were taken as implicit measures of sense of agency. The subliminal shock train enhanced this "<span class="hlt">action</span> binding" effect in healthy participants, relative to trials without such shocks. This difference could not be attributed to retrospective inference, since the perceptual events were identical in both trial types. Further, we tested the same paradigm in a patient with anarchic hand syndrome (AHS). Subliminal shocks again enhanced our measure of sense of agency in the unaffected hand, but had a reversed effect on the 'anarchic' hand. These findings suggest an interaction between internal volitional signals and external cues afforded by the external environment. Damage to the neural pathways that mediate interactions between internal states and the outside world may explain some of the clinical signs of AHS. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2131..381A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2131..381A"><span><span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of the low-level modulated light <span class="hlt">action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Antonov, Sergei N.; Sotnikov, V. N.; Koreneva, L. G.</p> <p>1994-07-01</p> <p>Now there exists no clear complete knowledge about mechanisms and pathways by which low level laser bioactivation works. Modulated laser light <span class="hlt">action</span> has been <span class="hlt">investigated</span> two new ways: dynamical infrared thermography and computing image of living brain. These ways permit observation in real time laser <span class="hlt">action</span> on peripheral blood flow, reflex reactions to functional probes, thermoregulation mechanisms as well as brain electrical activity changes of humans. We have designed a universal apparatus which produced all regimes of the output laser light. It has a built-in He-Ne laser with an acousto-optic modulator and an infrared GaAs laser. The device provided spatial combination of both the light beams and permitted us to irradiate an object both separately and simultaneously. This research shows that the most effective frequencies range from several to dozens of hertz. The duty factor and frequency scanning are also important. On the basis of these results in Russian clinics new treatment methods using modulated light are applied in practical neurology, gynecology, etc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/663544','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/663544"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit Number 423: Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p>1997-10-27</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains the environmental sample collection objectives and the criteria for conducting site <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities at Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) Number 423, the Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point (UDP), which is located in Area 3 at the Tonopah Test Range (TTR). The TTR, part of the Nellis Air Force Range, is approximately 225 kilometers (140 miles) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. CAU Number 423 is comprised of only one Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site (CAS) which includes the Building 03-60 UDP and an associated discharge line extending from Building 03-60 to a point approximately 73 meters (240more » feet) northwest. The UDP was used between approximately 1965 and 1990 to dispose of waste fluids from the Building 03-60 automotive maintenance shop. It is likely that soils surrounding the UDP have been impacted by oil, grease, cleaning supplies and solvents as well as waste motor oil and other automotive fluids released from the UDP.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840832','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840832"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 151: Septic Systems and Discharge Area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>David A. Strand</p> <p>2004-06-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains project-specific information for conducting site <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities at Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 151: Septic Systems and Discharge Area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. Information presented in this CAIP includes facility descriptions, environmental sample collection objectives, and criteria for the selection and evaluation of environmental corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 151 is located in Areas 2, 12, 18, and 20 of the Nevada Test Site, which is 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 151 is comprised of the nine Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CAS) listed below: (1) 02-05-01, UE-2ce Pond; (2)more » 12-03-01, Sewage Lagoons (6); (3) 12-04-01, Septic Tanks; (4) 12-04-02, Septic Tanks; (5) 12-04-03, Septic Tank; (6) 12-47-01, Wastewater Pond; (7) 18-03-01, Sewage Lagoon; (8) 18-99-09, Sewer Line (Exposed); and (9) 20-19-02, Photochemical Drain. The CASs within CAU 151 are discharge and collection systems. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 02-05-01 is located in Area 2 and is a well-water collection pond used as a part of the Nash test. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites 12-03-01, 12-04-01, 12-04-02, 12-04-03, and 12-47-01 are located in Area 12 and are comprised of sewage lagoons, septic tanks, associated piping, and two sumps. The features are a part of the Area 12 Camp housing and administrative septic systems. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites 18-03-01 and 18-99-09 are located in the Area 17 Camp in Area 18. These sites are sewage lagoons and associated piping. The origin and terminus of CAS 18-99-09 are unknown; however, the type and configuration of the pipe indicates that it may be a part of the septic systems in Area 18. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 20-19-02 is located in the Area 20 Camp. This site is comprised of a surface discharge of photoprocessing chemicals.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/663545','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/663545"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> plan for CAU Number 453: Area 9 Landfill, Tonopah Test Range</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains the environmental sample collection objectives and criteria for conducting site <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities at the Area 9 Landfill, Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 453/Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> (CAS) 09-55-001-0952, which is located at the Tonopah Test Range (TTR). The TTR, included in the Nellis Air Force Range, is approximately 255 kilometers (140 miles) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. The Area 9 Landfill is located northwest of Area 9 on the TTR. The landfill cells associated with CAU 453 were excavated to receive waste generated from the daily operations conducted at Area 9 and from range cleanup whichmore » occurred after test activities.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817228','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817228"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 516: Septic Systems and Discharge Points, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. 0, Including Record of Technical Change No. 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Sites Office's (NNSA/NSO's) approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 516, Septic Systems and Discharge Points, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. CAU 516 consists of six Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites: 03-59-01, Building 3C-36 Septic System; 03-59-02, Building 3C-45 Septic System; 06-51-01, Sump Piping, 06-51-02, Clay Pipe and Debris; 06-51-03, Clean Out Box and Piping; and 22-19-04, Vehicle Decontamination Area. Located in Areasmore » 3, 6, and 22 of the NTS, CAU 516 is being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because disposed waste may be present without appropriate controls, and hazardous and/or radioactive constituents may be present or migrating at concentrations and locations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and the environment. Existing information and process knowledge on the expected nature and extent of contamination of CAU 516 are insufficient to select preferred corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives; therefore, additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. The results of this field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives in the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> decision document. Record of Technical Change No. 1 is dated 3/2004.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT.......117M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT.......117M"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> the relationship between children's environmental perceptions and ecological <span class="hlt">actions</span> through environmental learning experiences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manoli, Constantinos C.</p> <p></p> <p>This study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the relationship between children's environmental perceptions and their ecological <span class="hlt">actions</span> before and after attending Earthkeepers, an earth education program. Participants were 604 4th , 5th, and 6th grade students from 14 schools in Arizona and Pennsylvania. A comparison of the environmental perceptions of participants revealed a statistically significant difference between those who undertook more and those who undertook fewer or no positive ecological <span class="hlt">actions</span>. After the program, students who undertook more positive ecological <span class="hlt">actions</span>, for example using less energy and fewer materials, had more pro-environmental perceptions than their counterparts. Individual interviews with 18 of the participants supported the positive relationship between environmental perceptions and ecological <span class="hlt">actions</span> and provided further explanations for those <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26686984','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26686984"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> a Potential Auxin-Related Mode of Hormetic/Inhibitory <span class="hlt">Action</span> of the Phytotoxin Parthenin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Belz, Regina G</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Parthenin is a metabolite of Parthenium hysterophorus and is believed to contribute to the weed's invasiveness via allelopathy. Despite the potential of parthenin to suppress competitors, low doses stimulate plant growth. This biphasic <span class="hlt">action</span> was hypothesized to be auxin-like and, therefore, an auxin-related mode of parthenin <span class="hlt">action</span> was <span class="hlt">investigated</span> using two approaches: joint <span class="hlt">action</span> experiments with Lactuca sativa, and dose-response experiments with auxin/antiauxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. The joint <span class="hlt">action</span> approach comprised binary mixtures of subinhibitory doses of the auxin 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) mixed with parthenin or one of three reference compounds [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid (PCIB)]. The reference compounds significantly interacted with IAA at all doses, but parthenin interacted only at low doses indicating that parthenin hormesis may be auxin-related, in contrast to its inhibitory <span class="hlt">action</span>. The genetic approach <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the response of four auxin/antiauxin-resistant mutants and a wildtype to parthenin or two reference compounds (IAA, PCIB). The responses of mutant plants to the reference compounds confirmed previous reports, but differed from the responses observed for parthenin. Parthenin stimulated and inhibited all mutants independent of resistance. This provided no indication for an auxin-related <span class="hlt">action</span> of parthenin. Therefore, the hypothesis of an auxin-related inhibitory <span class="hlt">action</span> of parthenin was rejected in two independent experimental approaches, while the hypothesis of an auxin-related stimulatory effect could not be rejected.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4235381','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4235381"><span>A behavioral task for <span class="hlt">investigating</span> <span class="hlt">action</span> discovery, selection and switching: comparison between types of reinforcer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fisher, Simon D.; Gray, Jason P.; Black, Melony J.; Davies, Jennifer R.; Bednark, Jeffery G.; Redgrave, Peter; Franz, Elizabeth A.; Abraham, Wickliffe C.; Reynolds, John N. J.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> discovery and selection are critical cognitive processes that are understudied at the cellular and systems neuroscience levels. Presented here is a new rodent joystick task suitable to test these processes due to the range of <span class="hlt">action</span> possibilities that can be learnt while performing the task. Rats learned to manipulate a joystick while progressing through task milestones that required increasing degrees of movement accuracy. In a switching phase designed to measure <span class="hlt">action</span> discovery, rats were repeatedly required to discover new target positions to meet changing task demands. Behavior was compared using both food and electrical brain stimulation reward (BSR) of the substantia nigra as reinforcement. Rats reinforced with food and those with BSR performed similarly overall, although BSR-treated rats exhibited greater vigor in responding. In the switching phase, rats learnt new <span class="hlt">actions</span> to adapt to changing task demands, reflecting <span class="hlt">action</span> discovery processes. Because subjects are required to learn different goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>, this task could be employed in further <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of the cellular mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> discovery and selection. Additionally, this task could be used to assess the behavioral flexibility impairments seen in conditions such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The versatility of the task will enable cross-species <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of these impairments. PMID:25477795</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+macroeconomics%22&pg=2&id=ED150057','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22principles+of+macroeconomics%22&pg=2&id=ED150057"><span>An Evaluation of the Cognitive and Affective Performance of an Integrated Set of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Materials in the Principles of Macroeconomics. Studies in Economic Education, No. 4.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Daellenbach, Lawrence A.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on the cognitive and affective development of college students enrolled in a principles of macroeconomics course. The hypotheses of the experiment were stated as follows: In relation to the traditional principles course, the experimental treatment will…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1036012','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1036012"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 569: Area 3 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews; Christy Sloop</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 569 is located in Area 3 of the Nevada National Security Site, which is approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 569 comprises the nine numbered corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) and one newly identified site listed below: (1) 03-23-09, T-3 Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Annie, Franklin, George, and Moth); (2) 03-23-10, T-3A Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Harry and Hornet); (3) 03-23-11, T-3B Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Fizeau); (4) 03-23-12, T-3S Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Rio Arriba); (5) 03-23-13, T-3T Contamination Area (hereafter referred tomore » as Catron); (6) 03-23-14, T-3V Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Humboldt); (7) 03-23-15, S-3G Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Coulomb-B); (8) 03-23-16, S-3H Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Coulomb-A); (9) 03-23-21, Pike Contamination Area (hereafter referred to as Pike); and (10) Waste Consolidation Site 3A. Because CAU 569 is a complicated site containing many types of releases, it was agreed during the data quality objectives (DQO) process that these sites will be grouped. These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each study group. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the DQOs developed on September 26, 2011, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027855','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027855"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 104: Area 7 Yucca Flat Atmospheric Test Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patrick Matthews</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>CAU 104 comprises the 15 CASs listed below: (1) 07-23-03, Atmospheric Test Site T-7C; (2) 07-23-04, Atmospheric Test Site T7-1; (3) 07-23-05, Atmospheric Test Site; (4) 07-23-06, Atmospheric Test Site T7-5a; (5) 07-23-07, Atmospheric Test Site - Dog (T-S); (6) 07-23-08, Atmospheric Test Site - Baker (T-S); (7) 07-23-09, Atmospheric Test Site - Charlie (T-S); (8) 07-23-10, Atmospheric Test Site - Dixie; (9) 07-23-11, Atmospheric Test Site - Dixie; (10) 07-23-12, Atmospheric Test Site - Charlie (Bus); (11) 07-23-13, Atmospheric Test Site - Baker (Buster); (12) 07-23-14, Atmospheric Test Site - Ruth; (13) 07-23-15, Atmospheric Test Site T7-4; (14) 07-23-16,more » Atmospheric Test Site B7-b; (15) 07-23-17, Atmospheric Test Site - Climax These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on April 28, 2011, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 104. The releases at CAU 104 consist of surface-deposited radionuclides from 30 atmospheric nuclear tests. The presence and nature of contamination at CAU 104 will be evaluated based on information collected from a field <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. Radiological contamination will be evaluated based on a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1168833','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1168833"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 541: Small Boy Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada with ROTC 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p></p> <p>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 541 is co-located on the boundary of Area 5 of the Nevada National Security Site and Range 65C of the Nevada Test and Training Range, approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. CAU 541 is a grouping of sites where there has been a suspected release of contamination associated with nuclear testing. This document describes the planned <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of CAU 541, which comprises the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): 05-23-04, Atmospheric Tests (6) - BFa Site; 05-45-03, Atmospheric Test Site - Small Boy. These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature andmore » extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. The results of the field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> report. The sites will be <span class="hlt">investigated</span> based on the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed on April 1, 2014, by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; U.S. Air Force; and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 541. The site <span class="hlt">investigation</span> process also will be conducted in accordance with the Soils Activity Quality Assurance Plan, which establishes requirements, technical planning, and general quality practices to be applied to this activity. The potential contamination sources associated with CASs 05-23-04 and 05-45-03 are from nuclear testing activities conducted at the Atmospheric Tests (6) - BFa Site and Atmospheric Test Site - Small Boy sites. The presence and nature of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/809897','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/809897"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (December 2002, Revision No.: 0), Including Record of Technical Change No. 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NNSA /NSO</p> <p></p> <p>The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 204 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204 is located on the Nevada Test Site approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. This CAU is comprised of six Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) which include: 01-34-01, Underground Instrument House Bunker; 02-34-01, Instrument Bunker; 03-34-01, Underground Bunker; 05-18-02, Chemical Explosives Storage; 05-33-01, Kay Blockhouse; 05-99-02, Explosive Storage Bunker.more » Based on site history, process knowledge, and previous field efforts, contaminants of potential concern for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204 collectively include radionuclides, beryllium, high explosives, lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, total petroleum hydrocarbons, silver, warfarin, and zinc phosphide. The primary question for the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is: ''Are existing data sufficient to evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>?'' To address this question, resolution of two decision statements is required. Decision I is to ''Define the nature of contamination'' by identifying any contamination above preliminary <span class="hlt">action</span> levels (PALs); Decision II is to ''Determine the extent of contamination identified above PALs. If PALs are not exceeded, the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is completed. If PALs are exceeded, then Decision II must be resolved. In addition, data will be obtained to support waste management decisions. Field activities will include radiological land area surveys, geophysical surveys to identify any subsurface metallic and nonmetallic debris, field screening for applicable contaminants of potential concern, collection and analysis of surface and subsurface soil samples from biased locations, and step-out sampling to define the extent of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.183..176H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.183..176H"><span>Microstructural constraints on complex thermal histories of refractory <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in an amoeboid olivine aggregate from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Han, Jangmi; Brearley, Adrian J.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>We have carried out a FIB/TEM study of refractory <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in one AOA from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects in the AOA consist of a zoned sequence with a spinel-rich core through an intergrowth layer of spinel and Al-Ti-rich diopside to a diopside rim. The spinel-rich core consists of polycrystalline aggregates of spinel and ±minor melilite showing equilibrated grain boundary textures. The intergrowth layer contains fine-grained diopside and spinel with minor anorthite with highly curved and embayed grain boundaries. The diopside rim consists of polycrystalline aggregates of diopside. The compositions of pyroxene change significantly outward from Al-Ti-rich diopside in contact with the spinel-rich core to Al-Ti-poor diopside next to the surrounding olivine of the AOA. Overall microstructural and chemical characteristics suggest that the spinel-rich core formed under equilibrium conditions whereas the intergrowth layer is the result of reactions that occurred under conditions that departed significantly from equilibrium. The remarkable changes in formation conditions of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like objects may have been achieved by transport and injection of refractory objects into a region of a partially-condensed, Ca,Ti-saturated gas which reacted with spinel and melilite to form Al-Ti-rich diopside. Crystallographically-oriented TiO2 nanoparticles decorate the grain boundaries between spinel grains and between spinel and Al-Ti-rich diopside grains. During the disequilibrium back-reaction of spinel with a partially-condensed, Ca,Ti-saturated gas, metastable TiO2 nanoparticles may have condensed by an epitaxial nucleation mechanism and grown on the surface of spinel. These TiO2 nanoparticles are disordered intergrowths of the two TiO2 polymorphs, anatase and rutile. These nanoparticles are inferred to have nucleated as anatase that underwent partial transformation into rutile. The local presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles and intergrowth of anatase and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6953','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6953"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428: Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, REVISION 0, march 1999</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>DOE /NV</p> <p>1999-03-26</p> <p>The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428, Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order that was agreed to by the U. S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office; the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; and the U. S. Department of Defense. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428 consists of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites 03- 05- 002- SW01 and 03- 05- 002- SW05, respectively known as Area 3 Septic Waste System 1 and Septic Waste System 5. This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan is used inmore » combination with the Work Plan for Leachfield Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units: Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range, Nevada , Rev. 1 (DOE/ NV, 1998c). The Leachfield Work Plan was developed to streamline <span class="hlt">investigations</span> at leachfield Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units by incorporating management, technical, quality assurance, health and safety, public involvement, field sampling, and waste management information common to a set of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units with similar site histories and characteristics into a single document that can be referenced. This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan provides <span class="hlt">investigative</span> details specific to Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428. A system of leachfields and associated collection systems was used for wastewater disposal at Area 3 of the Tonopah Test Range until a consolidated sewer system was installed in 1990 to replace the discrete septic waste systems. Operations within various buildings at Area 3 generated sanitary and industrial wastewaters potentially contaminated with contaminants of potential concern and disposed of in septic tanks and leachfields. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428 is composed of two leachfield systems in the northern portion of Area 3. Based on site history collected to support the Data Quality Objectives process, contaminants of potential concern for the site include oil/ diesel range total petroleum hydrocarbons, and Resource</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6157360-corrective-action-investigation-plan-corrective-action-unit-area-septic-waste-systems-tonopah-test-range-nevada-revision-march','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6157360-corrective-action-investigation-plan-corrective-action-unit-area-septic-waste-systems-tonopah-test-range-nevada-revision-march"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428: Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, REVISION 0, march 1999</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>ITLV.</p> <p>1999-03-01</p> <p>The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428, Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order that was agreed to by the U. S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office; the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection; and the U. S. Department of Defense. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428 consists of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites 03- 05- 002- SW01 and 03- 05- 002- SW05, respectively known as Area 3 Septic Waste System 1 and Septic Waste System 5. This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan is used inmore » combination with the Work Plan for Leachfield Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units: Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range, Nevada , Rev. 1 (DOE/ NV, 1998c). The Leachfield Work Plan was developed to streamline <span class="hlt">investigations</span> at leachfield Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units by incorporating management, technical, quality assurance, health and safety, public involvement, field sampling, and waste management information common to a set of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Units with similar site histories and characteristics into a single document that can be referenced. This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan provides <span class="hlt">investigative</span> details specific to Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428. A system of leachfields and associated collection systems was used for wastewater disposal at Area 3 of the Tonopah Test Range until a consolidated sewer system was installed in 1990 to replace the discrete septic waste systems. Operations within various buildings at Area 3 generated sanitary and industrial wastewaters potentially contaminated with contaminants of potential concern and disposed of in septic tanks and leachfields. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428 is composed of two leachfield systems in the northern portion of Area 3. Based on site history collected to support the Data Quality Objectives process, contaminants of potential concern for the site include oil/ diesel range total petroleum hydrocarbons, and Resource</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16929642','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16929642"><span>Organic pollution and salt intrusion in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Nuoc District, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tho, Nguyen; Vromant, Nico; Hung, Nguyen Thanh; Hens, Luc</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>In Ca Mau, Vietnam, farmers converted from rice to shrimp farming, while ignoring the degradation of the aquatic environment. We assessed the seasonal variations in organic pollution of the surface water and salt intrusion in one district and assessed the difference in chemical characteristics of the surface water of shrimp ponds and canals. Several variables reflecting salinity and organic pollution were measured in the wet and dry season. The results show that in the dry season salinity increased to 37.36-42.73 g l(-1) and COD and suspended solids increased to a maximum of 268.7 mg l(-1) and 1312.0 mg l(-1), respectively. In the wet season salinity values of 8.16 to 10.60 g l(-1) were recorded, indicating that salinity could no longer be washed out completely in this season. It is concluded that salinity and suspended solids in the aquatic environment in the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Nuoc district are increased by shrimp monoculture, whereas organic pollution is contributed by human population pressure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28150439','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28150439"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> the dental toolkit of primates based on food mechanical properties: Feeding <span class="hlt">action</span> does matter.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thiery, Ghislain; Guy, Franck; Lazzari, Vincent</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Although conveying an indisputable morphological and behavioral signal, traditional dietary categories such as frugivorous or folivorous tend to group a wide range of food mechanical properties together. Because food/tooth interactions are mostly mechanical, it seems relevant to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the dental morphology of primates based on mechanical categories. However, existing mechanical categories classify food by its properties but cannot be used as factors to classify primate dietary habits. This comes from the fact that one primate species might be adapted to a wide range of food mechanical properties. To tackle this issue, what follows is an original framework based on <span class="hlt">action</span>-related categories. The proposal here is to classify extant primates based on the range of food mechanical properties they can process through one given <span class="hlt">action</span>. The resulting categories can be used as factors to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the dental tools available to primates. Furthermore, cracking, grinding, and shearing categories assigned depending on the hardness and the toughness of food are shown to be supported by morphological data (3D relative enamel thickness) and topographic data (relief index, occlusal complexity, and Dirichlet normal energy). Inferring food mechanical properties from dental morphology is especially relevant for the study of extinct primates, which are mainly documented by dental remains. Hence, we use <span class="hlt">action</span>-related categories to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the molar morphology of an extinct colobine monkey Mesopithecus pentelicus from the Miocene of Pikermi, Greece. <span class="hlt">Action</span>-related categories show contrasting results compared with classical categories and give us new insights into the dietary adaptations of this extinct primate. Finally, we provide some possible directions for future research aiming to test <span class="hlt">action</span>-related categories. In particular, we suggest acquiring more data on mechanically challenging fallback foods and advocate the use of other food mechanical properties such as</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118328','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118328"><span>An <span class="hlt">investigation</span> into the relevance of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning, theory of planned behaviour concepts, and automaticity for fruit intake <span class="hlt">action</span> control.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Bruijn, Gert-Jan; Wiedemann, Amelie; Rhodes, Ryan E</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>In the <span class="hlt">action</span> control framework, intention-behaviour discordance is studied around public health guidelines. Although this framework has been applied to physical activity behaviours, it has only seen very limited attention regarding fruit intake. The purpose of this study was therefore to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> distributions and predictors of fruit intake intention-behaviour discordance. Prospective correlational design. Data were obtained from undergraduate students (n = 413) using validated questionnaires. Variables from the theory of planned behaviour, automaticity, and <span class="hlt">action</span> planning were assessed at baseline, and fruit intake was assessed 2 weeks later. Data were analysed using discriminant function analyses and analyses of variance. The proportion of unsuccessful intenders ranged from 39.2% to 80.8%. There was a larger proportion of fruit intake intenders amongst those who reported strong automatic fruit intake. <span class="hlt">Action</span> control was predicted by fruit intake automaticity and affective attitudes, but the strongest predictor was perceived behavioural control. No <span class="hlt">action</span> planning items were related to fruit intake <span class="hlt">action</span> control. There is considerable asymmetry in the intention-fruit intake relationship. An application of the <span class="hlt">action</span> control framework may stimulate debate on the applicability of intention-based models at the public health level. What is already known on this subject? Intention is theorized to be a key construct in fruit intake. Studies in the physical activity domain indicate that nearly half of the people with positive intentions fail to subsequently act. What does this study add? The proportion of unsuccessful intenders ranged from 39.2% to 80.8%. Holding positive intentions is not sufficient to consume fruit at suggested public health guidelines. Perceived behavioural control is the most important predictor of fruit intake <span class="hlt">action</span> control. © 2013 The British Psychological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/807033','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/807033"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 410: Waste Disposal Trenches, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada, Revision 0 (includes ROTCs 1, 2, and 3)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NNSA /NV</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 410 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 410 is located on the Tonopah Test Range (TTR), which is included in the Nevada Test and Training Range (formerly the Nellis Air Force Range) approximately 140 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. This CAU is comprised of five Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): TA-19-002-TAB2, Debris Mound; TA-21-003-TANL, Disposal Trench; TA-21-002-TAAL,more » Disposal Trench; 09-21-001-TA09, Disposal Trenches; 03-19-001, Waste Disposal Site. This CAU is being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because contaminants may be present in concentrations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and/or the environment, and waste may have been disposed of with out appropriate controls. Four out of five of these CASs are the result of weapons testing and disposal activities at the TTR, and they are grouped together for site closure based on the similarity of the sites (waste disposal sites and trenches). The fifth CAS, CAS 03-19-001, is a hydrocarbon spill related to activities in the area. This site is grouped with this CAU because of the location (TTR). Based on historical documentation and process know-ledge, vertical and lateral migration routes are possible for all CASs. Migration of contaminants may have occurred through transport by infiltration of precipitation through surface soil which serves as a driving force for downward migration of contaminants. Land-use scenarios limit future use of these CASs to industrial activities. The suspected contaminants of potential concern which have been identified are volatile organic compounds; semivolatile organic compounds; high explosives; radiological constituents including depleted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/803837','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/803837"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 140: Waste Dumps, Burn Pits, and Storage Area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, July 2002, Rev. No. 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NNSA /NV</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 140 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 140 consists of nine Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): 05-08-01, Detonation Pits; 05-08-02, Debris Pits; 05-17-01, Hazardous Waste Accumulation Site (Buried); 05-19-01, Waste Disposal Site; 05-23-01, Gravel Gertie; 05-35-01, Burn Pit; 05-99-04, Burn Pit; 22-99-04, Radioactive Waste Dump; 23-17-01, Hazardous Waste Storage Area. All nine of these CASs are located withinmore » Areas 5, 22, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in Nevada, approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. This CAU is being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because disposed waste may be present without appropriate controls (i.e., use restrictions, adequate cover) and hazardous and/or radioactive constituents may be present or migrating at concentrations and locations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and the environment. The NTS has been used for various research and development projects including nuclear weapons testing. The CASs in CAU 140 were used for testing, material storage, waste storage, and waste disposal. A two-phase approach has been selected to collect information and generate data to satisfy needed resolution criteria and resolve the decision statements. Phase I will determine if contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) are present in concentrations exceeding preliminary <span class="hlt">action</span> levels. This data will be evaluated at all CASs. Phase II will determine the extent of the contaminant(s) of concern (COCs). This data will only be evaluated for CASs with a COC identified during Phase I. Based on process knowledge, the COPCs for CAU 140 include volatile organics, semivolatile organics, petroleum hydrocarbons, explosive</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dolphins&pg=6&id=ED287161','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dolphins&pg=6&id=ED287161"><span>Cost-Benefit Analysis for ECIA Chapter 1 and State DPPF Programs Comparing Groups Receiving Regular Program Instruction and Groups Receiving Computer Assisted Instruction/Computer Management System (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMS). 1986-87.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Chamberlain, Ed</p> <p></p> <p>A cost benefit study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a computer assisted instruction/computer management system (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>/CMS) as an alternative to conventional methods of teaching reading within Chapter 1 and DPPF funded programs of the Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools. The Chapter 1 funded Compensatory Language Experiences and Reading…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/782550','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/782550"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 405: Area 3 Septic Systems, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada(April 2001, Rev. 0) with Record of Technical Change No. 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>DOE /NV</p> <p>2001-04-26</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office's (DOE/NV's) approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 405, Area 3 Septic Systems, Tonopah Test Range (TTR), under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 405 consists of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites 03-05-002-SW03, 03-05-002-SW04, and 03-05-002-SW07 (also collectively known as: Septic Waste Systems [SWSs] 3, 4, and 7). Located in Area 3 in the northwest section of the TTR, approximately 140 miles northwest of Las Vegas, this location was historically (betweenmore » 1960 and 1990) used as a research facility with the mission to perform defense-related projects, and whose operations generated sanitary and industrial wastewaters potentially contaminated with COPCs and disposed of in septic tanks and leachfields. Though Septic Waste Systems 3, 4, and 7 were origin ally constructed to receive sanitary sewage, they may have inadvertently received effluent containing potentially hazardous and radiological constituents containing acetone, benzene, ethylbenzene, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, toluene, xylenes, volatile organic compound constituents, phenols, arsenic, barium, lead, mercury, hydrocarbons of oil and grease, and uranium-234, -235, and -238. The Area 3 septic systems were documented in a DOE/NV 1996 report as being included in the septic tank abandonment program conducted by Sandia National Laboratories in 1993; however, this program was not completed and the possibility exists that some of the Area 3 septic tanks may not have been abandoned. Even though all of the SWSs addressed in this CAIP are inactive, geophysical surveys conducted in 1993 were generally inconclusive and did not provide useful data for the purposes of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. The scope of this current <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, therefore, will be to determine the existence of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=learning+AND+styles+AND+medical+AND+education&pg=3&id=EJ858973','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=learning+AND+styles+AND+medical+AND+education&pg=3&id=EJ858973"><span>Evaluation of Computer-Aided Instruction in a Gross Anatomy Course: A Six-Year Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McNulty, John A.; Sonntag, Beth; Sinacore, James M.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Web-based computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has become increasingly important to medical curricula. This multi-year study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and the factors affecting level of individual use. Three <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were tested that differed in specificity of applicability to the curriculum and in the level of student interaction with the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817148','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/817148"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 214: Bunkers and Storage Areas Nevada Test Site, Nevada: Revision 0, Including Record of Technical Change No. 1 and No. 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 214 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Located in Areas 5, 11, and 25 of the Nevada Test Site, CAU 214 consists of nine Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): 05-99-01, Fallout Shelters; 11-22-03, Drum; 25-99-12, Fly Ash Storage; 25-23-01, Contaminated Materials; 25-23-19, Radioactive Material Storage; 25-99-18, Storage Area; 25-34-03, Motor Dr/Gr Assembly (Bunker); 25-34-04, Motor Dr/Gr Assembly (Bunker); and 25-34-05, Motormore » Dr/Gr Assembly (Bunker). These sites are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs). The suspected contaminants and critical analyte s for CAU 214 include oil (total petroleum hydrocarbons-diesel-range organics [TPH-DRO], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), pesticides (chlordane, heptachlor, 4,4-DDT), barium, cadmium, chronium, lubricants (TPH-DRO, TPH-gasoline-range organics [GRO]), and fly ash (arsenic). The land-use zones where CAU 214 CASs are located dictate that future land uses will be limited to nonresidential (i.e., industrial) activities. The results of this field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of viable corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives that will be presented in the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> decision document.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/818649','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/818649"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 527: Horn Silver Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: Revision 1 (Including Records of Technical Change No.1, 2, 3, and 4)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 527, Horn Silver Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 527 consists of one Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site (CAS): 26-20-01, Contaminated Waste Dump No.1. The site is located in an abandoned mine site in Area 26 (which is the most arid part of the NTS) approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Historicalmore » documents may refer to this site as CAU 168, CWD-1, the Wingfield mine (or shaft), and the Wahmonie mine (or shaft). Historical documentation indicates that between 1959 and the 1970s, nonliquid classified material and unclassified waste was placed in the Horn Silver Mine's shaft. Some of the waste is known to be radioactive. Documentation indicates that the waste is present from 150 feet to the bottom of the mine (500 ft below ground surface). This CAU is being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> because hazardous constituents migrating from materials and/or wastes disposed of in the Horn Silver Mine may pose a threat to human health and the environment as well as to assess the potential impacts associated with any potential releases from the waste. The results of this field <span class="hlt">investigation</span> will support a defensible evaluation of corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives in the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> decision document.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........33T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........33T"><span>Experimental and Numerical <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of Fiber Reinforced Laminated Composites Subject to Low-Velocity Impact</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thorsson, Solver I.</p> <p></p> <p>Foreign object impact on composite materials continues to be an active field due to its importance in the design of load bearing composite aerostructures. The problem has been studied by many through the decades. Extensive experimental studies have been performed to characterize the impact damage and failure mechanisms. Leaders in aerospace industry are pushing for reliable, robust and efficient computational methods for predicting impact response of composite structures. Experimental and numerical <span class="hlt">investigations</span> on the impact response of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite (FRPC) laminates are presented. A detailed face-on and edge-on impact experimental study is presented. A novel method for conducting coupon-level edge-on impact experiments is introduced. The research is focused on impact energy levels that are in the vicinity of the barely visible impact damage (BVID) limit of the material system. A detailed post-impact damage study is presented where non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods such as ultrasound scanning and computed tomography (CT) are used. Detailed fractography studies are presented for further <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of the through-the-thickness damage due to the impact event. Following the impact study, specimens are subjected to compression after impact (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) to establish the effect of BVID on the compressive strength after impact (CSAI). A modified combined loading compression (CLC) test method is proposed for compression testing following an edge-on impact. Experimental work on the rate sensitivity of the mode I and mode II inter-laminar fracture toughness is also <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. An improved wedge-insert fracture (WIF) method for conducting mode I inter-laminar fracture at elevated loading rates is introduced. Based on the experimental results, a computational modeling approach for capturing face-on impact and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is developed. The model is then extended to edge-on impact and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Enhanced Schapery Theory (EST) is utilized for modeling the full</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Improve+AND+environmental+AND+behavior+AND+change&pg=5&id=EJ473601','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Improve+AND+environmental+AND+behavior+AND+change&pg=5&id=EJ473601"><span>The Effects of Issue <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> and <span class="hlt">Action</span> Training on Eighth-Grade Students' Environmental Behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ramsey, John M.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Reports the instructional effects of a formal environmental education methodology, issue <span class="hlt">investigation</span> and <span class="hlt">action</span> training (IIAT), on eighth-grade students. Focuses on whether IIAT can improve responsible environmental behavior in middle school students and whether variables associated with responsible adult environmental behavior will be…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2770554','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2770554"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> planning as predictor of health protective and health risk behavior: an <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of fruit and snack consumption</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>van Osch, Liesbeth; Beenackers, Mariëlle; Reubsaet, Astrid; Lechner, Lilian; Candel, Math; de Vries, Hein</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background Large discrepancies between people's intention to eat a healthy diet and actual dietary behavior indicate that motivation is not a sufficient instigator for healthy behavior. Research efforts to decrease this 'intention - behavior gap' have centered on aspects of self-regulation, most importantly self-regulatory planning. Most studies on the impact of self-regulatory planning in health and dietary behavior focus on the promotion of health protective behaviors. This study <span class="hlt">investigates</span> and compares the predictive value of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning in health protective behavior and the restriction of health risk behavior. Methods Two longitudinal observational studies were performed simultaneously, one focusing on fruit consumption (N = 572) and one on high-caloric snack consumption (N = 585) in Dutch adults. Structural equation modeling was used to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> and compare the predictive value of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning in both behaviors, correcting for demographics and the influence of motivational factors and past behavior. The nature of the influence of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning was <span class="hlt">investigated</span> by testing mediating and moderating effects. Results <span class="hlt">Action</span> planning was a significant predictor of fruit consumption and restricted snack consumption beyond the influence of motivational factors and past behavior. The strength of the predictive value of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning did not differ between the two behaviors. Evidence for mediation of the intention - behavior relationship was found for both behaviors. Positive moderating effects of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning were demonstrated for fruit consumption, indicating that individuals who report high levels of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning are significantly more likely to translate their intentions into actual behavior. Conclusion The results indicate that the planning of specific preparatory <span class="hlt">actions</span> predicts the performance of healthy dietary behavior and support the application of self-regulatory planning in both health protective and health risk behaviors. Future</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptCo.402...60F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptCo.402...60F"><span>Propagation properties of the chirped Airy beams through the gradient-index medium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feng, Liyan; Zhang, Jianbin; Pang, Zihao; Wang, Linyi; Zhong, Tianfen; Yang, Xiangbo; Deng, Dongmei</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Through analytical derivation and numerical analysis, the propagation properties of the chirped Airy(<span class="hlt">CAi</span>) beams in the gradient-index medium are <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. The intensity and the phase distributions, the propagation trajectory and the Poynting vector of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams are demonstrated to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the propagation properties. Owing to the special and symmetrical refractive index profile of the gradient-index medium, the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams propagate periodically. The effects of the distribution factor and the chirped parameter on the propagation of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams are analyzed. As the increasing of the distribution factor, the intensity distribution of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams is more scattering. However, with the chirped parameter increasing, the focusing property of the <span class="hlt">CAi</span> beams strengthens. The variation of the chirped parameter can change the position of the peak intensity maximum, but it cannot alter the period of the peak intensity. The variations of the initial phase and the energy of the beams in the transverse plane expedite accordingly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418359','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418359"><span>Perceptual Inference in Chronic Pain: An <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Into the Economy of <span class="hlt">Action</span> Hypothesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tabor, Abby; O'Daly, Owen; Gregory, Robert W; Jacobs, Clair; Travers, Warren; Thacker, Michael A; Moseley, Graham Lorimer</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The experience of chronic pain critically alters one's ability to interact with their environment. One fundamental issue that has received little attention, however, is whether chronic pain disrupts how one perceives their environment in the first place. The Economy of <span class="hlt">Action</span> hypothesis purports that the environment is spatially scaled according to the ability of the observer. Under this hypothesis it has been proposed that the perception of the world is different between those with and without chronic pain. Such a possibility has profound implications for the <span class="hlt">investigation</span> and treatment of pain. The present <span class="hlt">investigation</span> tested the application of this hypothesis to a heterogenous chronic pain population. Individuals with chronic pain (36; 27F) and matched pain-free controls were recruited. Each participant was required to judge the distance to a series of target cones, to which they were to subsequently walk. In addition, at each distance, participants used Numerical Rating Scales to indicate their perceived effort and perceived pain associated with the distance presented. Our findings do not support the Economy of <span class="hlt">Action</span> hypothesis: there were no significant differences in distance estimates between the chronic pain and pain-free groups (F1,60=0.927; P=0.340). In addition, we found no predictive relationship in the chronic pain group between anticipated pain and estimated distance (F1,154=0.122, P=0.727), nor anticipated effort (1.171, P=0.281) and estimated distance (F1,154=1.171, P=0.281). The application of the Economy of <span class="hlt">Action</span> hypothesis and the notion of spatial perceptual scaling as a means to assess and treat the experience of chronic pain are not supported by the results of this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589903','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589903"><span>What happens when the board of nursing comes calling: <span class="hlt">investigation</span> and disciplinary <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smalls, Harriett Twiggs</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Each state has a Board of Nursing that governs the nurses that practice in that state. Each Board of Nursing has a process by which it <span class="hlt">investigates</span> and hears cases against nurses accused of wrongdoing. This article gives a general overview of what steps are usually taken when the Board of Nursing suspects that a nurse's <span class="hlt">actions</span> may be in violation of the laws that govern nursing practice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED335355.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED335355.pdf"><span>Drills vs. Games--Any Differences? A Pilot Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McMullen, David W.</p> <p></p> <p>This study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effect of informational, drill, and game format computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on the achievement, retention, and attitude toward instruction of sixth-grade science students (N=37). An informational <span class="hlt">CAI</span> lesson on Halley's Comet was administered to three randomly selected groups of sixth-grade students. A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> drill…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27450265','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27450265"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> preparation modulates sensory perception in unseen personal space: An electrophysiological <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Job, Xavier E; de Fockert, Jan W; van Velzen, José</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated that preparation of goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> modulates sensory perception at the goal location before the <span class="hlt">action</span> is executed. However, previous studies have focused on sensory perception in areas of peripersonal space. The present study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> visual and tactile sensory processing at the goal location of upcoming movements towards the body, much of which is not visible, as well as visible peripersonal space. A motor task cued participants to prepare a reaching movement towards goals either in peripersonal space in front of them or personal space on the upper chest. In order to assess modulations of sensory perception during movement preparation, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to task-irrelevant visual and tactile probe stimuli delivered randomly at one of the goal locations of the movements. In line with previous neurophysiological findings, movement preparation modulated visual processing at the goal of a movement in peripersonal space. Movement preparation also modulated somatosensory processing at the movement goal in personal space. The findings demonstrate that tactile perception in personal space is subject to similar top-down sensory modulation by motor preparation as observed for visual stimuli presented in peripersonal space. These findings show for the first time that the principles and mechanisms underlying adaptive modulation of sensory processing in the context of <span class="hlt">action</span> extend to tactile perception in unseen personal space. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/807288','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/807288"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 127: Areas 25 and 26 Storage Tanks, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. No.: 0, August 2002)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NNSA /NV</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan (CAIP) contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Offices's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 127 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 127 is located on the Nevada Test Site approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. This CAU is comprised of 12 Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) located at Test Cell C; the Engine Maintenance, Assembly, and Disassembly (E-MAD) Facility; the X-Tunnel in Area 25; the Pluto Disassembly Facility; themore » Pluto Check Station; and the Port Gaston Training Facility in Area 26. These CASs include: CAS 25-01-05, Aboveground Storage Tank (AST); CAS 25-02-02, Underground Storage Tank (UST); CAS 25-23-11, Contaminated Materials; CAS 25-12-01, Boiler; CAS 25-01-06, AST; CAS 25-01-07, AST; CAS 25-02-13, UST; CAS 26- 01-01, Filter Tank (Rad) and Piping; CAS 26-01-02, Filter Tank (Rad); CAS 26-99-01, Radioactively Contaminated Filters; CAS 26-02-01, UST; CAS 26-23-01, Contaminated Liquids Spreader. Based on site history, process knowledge, and previous field efforts, contaminants of potential concern for CAU 127 include radionuclides, metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, asbestos, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Additionally, beryllium may be present at some locations. The sources of potential releases are varied, but releases of contaminated liquids may have occurred and may have migrated into and impacted soil below and surrounding storage vessels at some of the CASs. Also, at several CASs, asbestos-containing materials may be present on the aboveground structures and may be friable. Exposure pathways are limited to ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact (adsorption) of soils/sediments or liquids, or inhalation of contaminants by site workers due to disturbance</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2760228','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2760228"><span>Intracellular calcium dynamics and acetylcholine-induced triggered activity in the pulmonary veins of dogs with pacing-induced heart failure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chou, Chung-Chuan; Nguyen, Bich Lien; Tan, Alex Y.; Chang, Po-Cheng; Lee, Hui-Ling; Lin, Fun-Chung; Yeh, San-Jou; Fishbein, Michael C.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Wu, Delon; Wen, Ming-Shien; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND Heart failure increases autonomic nerve activities and changes intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) dynamics. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the hypothesis that abnormal <span class="hlt">Cai</span> dynamics are responsible for triggered activity in the pulmonary veins (PVs) during acetylcholine infusion in a canine model of heart failure. METHODS Simultaneous optical mapping of and membrane <span class="hlt">Cai</span> potential was performed in isolated Langendorff-perfused PV–left atrial (LA) preparations from nine dogs with ventricular pacing-induced heart failure. Mapping was performed at baseline, during acetylcholine (1 μmol/L) infusion (N = 9), and during thapsigargin and ryanodine infusion (N = 6). RESULTS Acetylcholine abbreviated the <span class="hlt">action</span> potential. In four tissues, long pauses were followed by elevated diastolic <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, late phase 3 early afterdepolarizations, and atrial fibrillation (AF). The incidence of PV focal discharges during AF was increased by acetylcholine from 2.4 ± 0.6 beats/s (N = 4) to 6.5 ± 2.2 beats/s (N = 8; P = .003). PV focal discharge and PV–LA microreentry coexisted in 6 of 9 preparations. The spatial distribution of dominant frequency demonstrated a focal source pattern, with the highest dominant frequency areas colocalized with PV focal discharge sites in 35 (95%) of 37 cholinergic AF episodes (N = 8). Thapsigargin and ryanodine infusion eliminated focal discharges in 6 of 6 preparations and suppressed the inducibility of AF in 4 of 6 preparations. PVs with focal discharge have higher densities of parasympathetic nerves than do PVs without focal discharges (P = .01), and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive cells were present at the focal discharge sites. CONCLUSION <span class="hlt">Cai</span> dynamics are important in promoting triggered activity during acetylcholine infusion in PVs from pacing-induced heart failure. PV focal discharge sites have PAS-positive cells and high densities of parasympathetic nerves. PMID:18554987</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Software+AND+Requirement+AND+Specification&pg=6&id=ED242294','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Software+AND+Requirement+AND+Specification&pg=6&id=ED242294"><span>Microcomputer Based Computer-Assisted Learning System: CASTLE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Garraway, R. W. T.</p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the extent to which a sophisticated computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) system could be implemented on the type of microcomputer system currently found in the schools. A method was devised for comparing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> languages and was used to rank five common <span class="hlt">CAI</span> languages. The highest ranked language, NATAL,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16454913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16454913"><span>Measurement of concrete strength using the emission intensity ratio between Ca(II) 396.8 nm and <span class="hlt">Ca(I</span>) 422.6 nm in a Nd:YAG laser-induced plasma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsuyuki, Kenichiro; Miura, Satoru; Idris, Nasrullah; Kurniawan, Koo Hendrik; Lie, Tjung Jie; Kagawa, Kiichiro</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>An experiment to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the potential of a laser-induced plasma method for determining concrete compressive strength was conducted by focusing a Nd:YAG laser on concrete samples with different degrees of compressive strength. This technique was developed in light of the role of the shock wave in the generation of a laser-induced plasma. It was found that the speed of the shock front depends on the hardness of the sample. It was also found that a positive relationship exists between the speed of the shock front and the ionization rate of the ablated atoms. Hence, the ratio of the intensity between the Ca(II) 396.8 nm and <span class="hlt">Ca(I</span>) 422.6 nm emission lines detected from the laser-induced plasma can be used to examine the hardness of the material. In fact, it was observed that the ratio changes with respect to the change in the concrete compressive strength. The findings also show that the ratio increases with time after the cement is mixed with water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24826872','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24826872"><span>Factors associated with regulatory <span class="hlt">action</span> involving <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of illnesses associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in products regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection Service.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Green, Alice L; Seys, Scott; Douris, Aphrodite; Levine, Jeoff; Robertson, Kis</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>We described characteristics of the Escherichia coli O157 and Escherichia coli non-O157 illness <span class="hlt">investigations</span> conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) during the 5-year period from 2006 through 2010. We created a multivariable logistic regression model to determine characteristics of these <span class="hlt">investigations</span> that were associated with FSIS regulatory <span class="hlt">action</span>, which was defined as having occurred if a product recall occurred or if FSIS personnel performed an environmental health assessment (Food Safety Assessment) at the implicated establishment. During this period, FSIS took regulatory <span class="hlt">action</span> in 38 of 88 (43%) <span class="hlt">investigations</span>. Illness <span class="hlt">investigations</span> in which FoodNet states were involved were more likely to result in regulatory <span class="hlt">action</span>. Illness <span class="hlt">investigations</span> in which state and local traceback, or FSIS traceback occurred were more likely to result in regulatory <span class="hlt">action</span>. Reasons for lack of <span class="hlt">action</span> included evidence of cross-contamination after the product left a regulated establishment, delayed notification, lack of epidemiological information, and insufficient product information.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000786','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170000786"><span>Ultra-Refractory Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion in an AOA in CR Chondrite Yamato-793261</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Komatsu, M.; Fagan, T. J.; Yamaguchi, A.; Mikouchi, T.; Yasutake, M.; Zolensky, M. E.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>CR chondrites are a group of primitive carbonaceous chondrites that preserve nebular records of the formation conditions of their components. We have been <span class="hlt">investigating</span> a set of Antarctic CR chondrites from the Japanese-NIPR collection in order to study variations within this group. During our study, we have found an AOA that encloses an ultrarefractory (UR) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in Yamato-793261 (Y-793261). UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are rare in carbonaceous chondrites, and only three UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in AOAs have been identified so far. UR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> can provide information on crystallization processes at very high temperatures in the solar nebula. Here we describe the petrology of Y-793261, and preliminary results on this newly discovered AOA enclosing a UR <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=George+AND+Herbert+AND+Mead&id=EJ840101','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=George+AND+Herbert+AND+Mead&id=EJ840101"><span>Spontaneous <span class="hlt">Action</span> and Transformative Learning: Empirical <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> and Pragmatist Reflections</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Nohl, Arnd-Michael</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Whereas present theories of transformative learning tend to focus on the rational and reflective actor, in this article it is suggested that spontaneous <span class="hlt">action</span> may play a decisive role in transformative learning too. In the spontaneity of <span class="hlt">action</span>, novelty finds its way into life, gains momentum, is respected by others and reflected by the actor.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA637829','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA637829"><span>Wave <span class="hlt">Action</span> and Breakwater Location, Taconite Harbor (Two Islands), Lake Superior, Minnesota: Hydraulic Model <span class="hlt">Investigation</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1955-05-01</p> <p>president, Taconite Contractors, Erie. Mining Company, Duluth, Minnesota The model study was conducted in the Hydraulics Division of the Waterways...CORPS OF ENGINEERS. U. S. ARMY WAVE <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> AND BREAKWATER LOCATION TACONITE HARBOR (TWO ISLANDS) LAKE SUPERIOR, MINNESOTA ARIIIY-MRC VICKSBURG...Breakwater Location, Taconite Harbor (Two Islands), Lake Superior, Minnesota : Hydraulic Model <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2756777','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2756777"><span>Calcium transient dynamics and the mechanisms of ventricular vulnerability to single premature electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hayashi, Hideki; Kamanu, Santosh Dora; Ono, Norihiko; Kawase, Ayaka; Chou, Chung-Chuan; Weiss, James N.; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND Single strong premature electrical stimulation (S2) may induce figure-eight reentry. We hypothesize that Ca current-mediated slow-response <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials (APs) play a key role in the propagation in the central common pathway (CCP) of the reentry. METHODS We simultaneously mapped optical membrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transients in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Baseline pacing (S1) and a cathodal S2 (40 – 80 mA) were given at different epicardial sites with a coupling interval of 135 ± 20 ms. RESULTS In all 6 hearts, S2 induced graded responses around the S2 site. These graded responses propagated locally toward the S1 site and initiated fast APs from recovered tissues. The wavefront then circled around the refractory tissue near the site of S2. At the side of S2 opposite to the S1, the graded responses prolonged AP duration while the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> continued to decline, resulting in a <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole (an area of low <span class="hlt">Cai</span>). The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in the sinkhole then spontaneously increased, followed by a slow Vm depolarization with a take-off potential of −40 ± 3.9 mV, which was confirmed with microelectrode recordings in 3 hearts. These slow-response APs then propagated through CCP to complete a figure-eight reentry. CONCLUSION We conclude that a strong premature stimulus can induce a <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole at the entrance of the CCP. Spontaneous <span class="hlt">Cai</span> elevation in the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole precedes the Vm depolarization, leading to Ca current-mediated slow propagation in the CCP. The slow propagation allows more time for tissues at the other side of CCP to recover and be excited to complete figure-eight reentry. PMID:18180025</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180025','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180025"><span>Calcium transient dynamics and the mechanisms of ventricular vulnerability to single premature electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayashi, Hideki; Kamanu, Santosh Dora; Ono, Norihiko; Kawase, Ayaka; Chou, Chung-Chuan; Weiss, James N; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Single strong premature electrical stimulation (S(2)) may induce figure-eight reentry. We hypothesize that Ca current-mediated slow-response <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials (APs) play a key role in the propagation in the central common pathway (CCP) of the reentry. We simultaneously mapped optical membrane potential (V(m)) and intracellular Ca (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) transients in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Baseline pacing (S(1)) and a cathodal S(2) (40-80 mA) were given at different epicardial sites with a coupling interval of 135 +/- 20 ms. In all 6 hearts, S(2) induced graded responses around the S(2) site. These graded responses propagated locally toward the S(1) site and initiated fast APs from recovered tissues. The wavefront then circled around the refractory tissue near the site of S(2). At the side of S(2) opposite to the S(1), the graded responses prolonged AP duration while the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) continued to decline, resulting in a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole (an area of low <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)). The <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) in the sinkhole then spontaneously increased, followed by a slow V(m) depolarization with a take-off potential of -40 +/- 3.9 mV, which was confirmed with microelectrode recordings in 3 hearts. These slow-response APs then propagated through CCP to complete a figure-eight reentry. We conclude that a strong premature stimulus can induce a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole at the entrance of the CCP. Spontaneous <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) elevation in the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole precedes the V(m) depolarization, leading to Ca current-mediated slow propagation in the CCP. The slow propagation allows more time for tissues at the other side of CCP to recover and be excited to complete figure-eight reentry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002232','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160002232"><span>New Petrology, Mineral Chemistry and Stable MG Isotope Compositions of an Allende <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: EK-459-7-2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jeffcoat, C. R.; Kerekgyarto, A. G.; Lapen, T. J.; Righter, M.; Simon, J. I.; Ross, D. K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the key to understanding physical and chemical conditions in the nascent solar nebula. These inclusions have the oldest radiometric ages of solar system materials and are composed of phases that are predicted to condense early from a gas of solar composition. Thus, their chemistry and textures record conditions and processes in the earliest stages of development of the solar nebula. Type B inclusions are typically larger and more coarse grained than other types with substantial evidence that many of them were at least partially molten. Type B inclusions are further subdivided into Type B1 (possess thick melilite mantle) and Type B2 (lack melilite mantle). Despite being extensively studied, the origin of the melilite mantles of Type B1 inclusions remains uncertain. We present petrologic and chemical data for a Type B inclusion, EK-459-7-2, that bears features found in both Type B1 and B2 inclusions and likely represents an intermediate between the two types. Detailed studies of more of these intermediate objects may help to constrain models for Type B1 rim formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/792883','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/792883"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 165: Areas 25 and 26 Dry Well and Washdown Areas, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (including Record of Technical Change Nos. 1, 2, and 3) (January 2002, Rev. 0)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 165 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 165 consists of eight Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): CAS 25-20-01, Lab Drain Dry Well; CAS 25-51-02, Dry Well; CAS 25-59-01, Septic System; CAS 26-59-01, Septic System; CAS 25-07-06, Train Decontamination Area; CAS 25-07-07, Vehicle Washdown; CAS 26-07-01, Vehicle Washdown Station; and CAS 25-47-01, Reservoir and French Drain. All eight CASsmore » are located in the Nevada Test Site, Nevada. Six of these CASs are located in Area 25 facilities and two CASs are located in Area 26 facilities. The eight CASs at CAU 165 consist of dry wells, septic systems, decontamination pads, and a reservoir. The six CASs in Area 25 are associated with the Nuclear Rocket Development Station that operated from 1958 to 1973. The two CASs in Area 26 are associated with facilities constructed for Project Pluto, a series of nuclear reactor tests conducted between 1961 to 1964 to develop a nuclear-powered ramjet engine. Based on site history, the scope of this plan will be a two-phased approach to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the possible presence of hazardous and/or radioactive constituents at concentrations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and the environment. The Phase I analytical program for most CASs will include volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radionuclides. If laboratory data obtained from the Phase I <span class="hlt">investigation</span> indicates the presence of contaminants of concern, the process will continue with a Phase II <span class="hlt">investigation</span> to define the extent of contamination. Based on the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..200a2062R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..200a2062R"><span>Special <span class="hlt">investigative</span> <span class="hlt">actions</span> in the criminal procedural law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their purposefulness in law</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodic, V.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Special <span class="hlt">investigative</span> <span class="hlt">actions</span> are a novelty in the criminal procedure legislation BiH. In our legislation this has been introduced only in 2003. These are <span class="hlt">actions</span> that need to assist prosecutors to effectively reveal the perpetrators and the evidence of serious and complex crimes, especially organized crime. There are criminal offenses in whose execution included a larger number of people in different locations and which are carried out with the help of new communication technologies, so that it is not possible to prove the classic means of evidence (documents, physical evidence, witnesses). Unfortunately, criminals are often better organized than the state and in their criminal activities are introduced various technological developments. Therefore, the legislator extended the powers of the prosecutor and gave them into the hands of more effective mechanisms for discovering the perpetrators of these crimes. Special <span class="hlt">investigative</span> measures are listed in the Penal Code.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012911&hterms=Mg+Ca&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMg%2BCa','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950012911&hterms=Mg+Ca&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DMg%2BCa"><span>Heating during solar nebula formation and Mg isotopic fractionation in precursor grains of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sasaki, S.; Nagahara, H.; Kitagami, K.; Nakagawa, Y.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>In some Ca-Al-rich inclusion (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) grains, mass-dependent isotopic fractionations of Mg, Si, and O are observed and large Mg isotopic fractionation is interpreted to have been produced by cosmochemical processes such as evaporation and condensation. Mass-dependent Mg isotopic fractionation was found in olivine chondrules of Allende meteorites. Presented is an approximate formula for the temperature of the solar nebula that depends on heliocentric distance and the initial gas distribution. Shock heating during solar nebula formation can cause evaporative fractionation within interstellar grains involved in a gas at the inner zone (a less than 3 AU) of the disk. Alternatively collision of late-accreting gas blobs might cause similar heating if Sigma(sub s) and Sigma are large enough. Since the grain size is small, the solid/gas mass ratio is low and solar (low P(sub O2)), and the ambient gas pressure is low, this heating event could not produce chondrules themselves. Chondrule formation should proceed around the disk midplane after dust grains would grow and sediment to increase the solid/gas ratio there. The heating source there is uncertain, but transient rapid accretion through the disk could release a large amount of heat, which would be observed as FU Orionis events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24587229','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24587229"><span>Population of computational rabbit-specific ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential models for <span class="hlt">investigating</span> sources of variability in cellular repolarisation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gemmell, Philip; Burrage, Kevin; Rodriguez, Blanca; Quinn, T Alexander</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Variability is observed at all levels of cardiac electrophysiology. Yet, the underlying causes and importance of this variability are generally unknown, and difficult to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> with current experimental techniques. The aim of the present study was to generate populations of computational ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential models that reproduce experimentally observed intercellular variability of repolarisation (represented by <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration) and to identify its potential causes. A systematic exploration of the effects of simultaneously varying the magnitude of six transmembrane current conductances (transient outward, rapid and slow delayed rectifier K(+), inward rectifying K(+), L-type Ca(2+), and Na(+)/K(+) pump currents) in two rabbit-specific ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential models (Shannon et al. and Mahajan et al.) at multiple cycle lengths (400, 600, 1,000 ms) was performed. This was accomplished with distributed computing software specialised for multi-dimensional parameter sweeps and grid execution. An initial population of 15,625 parameter sets was generated for both models at each cycle length. <span class="hlt">Action</span> potential durations of these populations were compared to experimentally derived ranges for rabbit ventricular myocytes. 1,352 parameter sets for the Shannon model and 779 parameter sets for the Mahajan model yielded <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration within the experimental range, demonstrating that a wide array of ionic conductance values can be used to simulate a physiological rabbit ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential. Furthermore, by using clutter-based dimension reordering, a technique that allows visualisation of multi-dimensional spaces in two dimensions, the interaction of current conductances and their relative importance to the ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential at different cycle lengths were revealed. Overall, this work represents an important step towards a better understanding of the role that variability in current conductances may play in experimentally</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3938586','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3938586"><span>Population of Computational Rabbit-Specific Ventricular <span class="hlt">Action</span> Potential Models for <span class="hlt">Investigating</span> Sources of Variability in Cellular Repolarisation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gemmell, Philip; Burrage, Kevin; Rodriguez, Blanca; Quinn, T. Alexander</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Variability is observed at all levels of cardiac electrophysiology. Yet, the underlying causes and importance of this variability are generally unknown, and difficult to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> with current experimental techniques. The aim of the present study was to generate populations of computational ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential models that reproduce experimentally observed intercellular variability of repolarisation (represented by <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration) and to identify its potential causes. A systematic exploration of the effects of simultaneously varying the magnitude of six transmembrane current conductances (transient outward, rapid and slow delayed rectifier K+, inward rectifying K+, L-type Ca2+, and Na+/K+ pump currents) in two rabbit-specific ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential models (Shannon et al. and Mahajan et al.) at multiple cycle lengths (400, 600, 1,000 ms) was performed. This was accomplished with distributed computing software specialised for multi-dimensional parameter sweeps and grid execution. An initial population of 15,625 parameter sets was generated for both models at each cycle length. <span class="hlt">Action</span> potential durations of these populations were compared to experimentally derived ranges for rabbit ventricular myocytes. 1,352 parameter sets for the Shannon model and 779 parameter sets for the Mahajan model yielded <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration within the experimental range, demonstrating that a wide array of ionic conductance values can be used to simulate a physiological rabbit ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential. Furthermore, by using clutter-based dimension reordering, a technique that allows visualisation of multi-dimensional spaces in two dimensions, the interaction of current conductances and their relative importance to the ventricular <span class="hlt">action</span> potential at different cycle lengths were revealed. Overall, this work represents an important step towards a better understanding of the role that variability in current conductances may play in experimentally observed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3731159','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3731159"><span>Where is the <span class="hlt">action</span>? <span class="hlt">Action</span> sentence processing in Parkinson's disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fernandino, Leonardo; Conant, Lisa L.; Binder, Jeffrey R.; Blindauer, Karen; Hiner, Bradley; Spangler, Katie; Desai, Rutvik H.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>According to an influential view of conceptual representation, <span class="hlt">action</span> concepts are understood through motoric simulations, involving motor networks of the brain. A stronger version of this embodied account suggests that even figurative uses of <span class="hlt">action</span> words (e.g., grasping the concept) are understood through motoric simulations. We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> these claims by assessing whether Parkinson's disease (PD), a disorder affecting the motor system, is associated with selective deficits in comprehending <span class="hlt">action</span>-related sentences. Twenty PD patients and 21 age-matched controls performed a sentence comprehension task, where sentences belonged to one of four conditions: literal <span class="hlt">action</span>, non-idiomatic metaphoric <span class="hlt">action</span>, idiomatic <span class="hlt">action</span>, and abstract. The same verbs (referring to hand/arm <span class="hlt">actions</span>) were used in the three <span class="hlt">action</span>-related conditions. Patients, but not controls, were slower to respond to literal and idiomatic <span class="hlt">action</span> than to abstract sentences. These results indicate that sensory-motor systems play a functional role in semantic processing, including processing of figurative <span class="hlt">action</span> language. PMID:23624313</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945848','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945848"><span>The effectiveness of foot orthotics in improving postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a critically appraised topic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gabriner, Michael L; Braun, Brittany A; Houston, Megan N; Hoch, Matthew C</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a condition commonly experienced by physically active individuals. It has been suggested that foot orthotics may increase a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patient's postural control. For patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, is there evidence to suggest that an orthotic intervention will help improve postural control? The literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effects of foot orthotics on postural control in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The search of the literature produced 5 possible studies for inclusion; 2 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. One randomized controlled trial and 1 outcomes study were included. Foot orthotics appear to be effective at improving postural control in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. There is moderate evidence to support the use of foot orthotics in the treatment of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to help improve postural control. There is grade B evidence that foot orthotics help improve postural control in people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The Centre of Evidence Based Medicine recommends a grade of B for level 2 evidence with consistent findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29096235','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29096235"><span>What drives young children to over-imitate? <span class="hlt">Investigating</span> the effects of age, context, <span class="hlt">action</span> type, and transitivity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Clay, Zanna; Over, Harriet; Tennie, Claudio</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Imitation underlies many traits thought to characterize our species, which includes the transmission and acquisition of language, material culture, norms, rituals, and conventions. From early childhood, humans show an intriguing willingness to imitate behaviors, even those that have no obvious function. This phenomenon, known as "over-imitation," is thought to explain some of the key differences between human cultures as compared with those of nonhuman animals. Here, we used a single integrative paradigm to simultaneously <span class="hlt">investigate</span> several key factors proposed to shape children's over-imitation: age, context, transitivity, and <span class="hlt">action</span> type. We compared typically developing children aged 4-6years in a task involving <span class="hlt">actions</span> verbally framed as being instrumental, normative, or communicative in function. Within these contexts, we explored whether children were more likely to over-imitate transitive versus intransitive <span class="hlt">actions</span> and manual versus body part <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Results showed an interaction between age and context; as children got older, they were more likely to imitate within a normative context, whereas younger children were more likely to imitate in instrumental contexts. Younger children were more likely to imitate transitive <span class="hlt">actions</span> (<span class="hlt">actions</span> on objects) than intransitive <span class="hlt">actions</span> compared with older children. Our results show that children are highly sensitive to even minimal cues to perceived context and flexibly adapt their imitation accordingly. As they get older, children's imitation appears to become less object bound, less focused on instrumental outcomes, and more sensitive to normative cues. This shift is consistent with the proposal that over-imitation becomes increasingly social in its function as children move through childhood and beyond. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7268639-corrective-action-glossary','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7268639-corrective-action-glossary"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Glossary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Not Available</p> <p>1992-07-01</p> <p>The glossary of technical terms was prepared to facilitate the use of the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan (CAP) issued by OSWER on November 14, 1986. The CAP presents model scopes of work for all phases of a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> program, including the RCRA Facility <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> (RFI), Corrective Measures Study (CMS), Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI), and interim measures. The Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Glossary includes brief definitions of the technical terms used in the CAP and explains how they are used. In addition, expected ranges (where applicable) are provided. Parameters or terms not discussed in the CAP, but commonly associated with site <span class="hlt">investigations</span> ormore » remediations are also included.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Biodiversity&pg=5&id=EJ884198','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Biodiversity&pg=5&id=EJ884198"><span>The Biodiversity Community <span class="hlt">Action</span> Project: An STS <span class="hlt">Investigation</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Aidin, Amirshokoohi; Mahsa, Kazempour</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The Biodiversity Community <span class="hlt">Action</span> Project is a stimulating and vigorous project that allows students to gain an in-depth understanding of the interconnection between organisms and their environments as well as the connection of science to their lives and society. It addresses key content standards in the National Science Education Standards and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=subliminal&pg=3&id=EJ874827','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=subliminal&pg=3&id=EJ874827"><span>Subliminal Priming of <span class="hlt">Actions</span> Influences Sense of Control over Effects of <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wenke, Dorit; Fleming, Stephen M.; Haggard, Patrick</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The experience of controlling one's own <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and through them events in the outside world, is a pervasive feature of human mental life. Two experiments <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the relation between this sense of control and the internal processes involved in <span class="hlt">action</span> selection and cognitive control. <span class="hlt">Action</span> selection was manipulated by subliminally priming…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25785432"><span>Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from pao <span class="hlt">cai</span>, a Chinese traditional fermented vegetable, with inhibitory activity against Salmonella associated with fresh-cut apple, using a modelling study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, W; Chen, M; Chen, A; Dong, W; Hou, X; Pu, B</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>To isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from pao <span class="hlt">cai</span>, a Chinese traditional fermented vegetable, with outstanding inhibitory activity against Salmonella inoculated on fresh-cut apple, using a modelling method. Four kinds of pao <span class="hlt">cai</span> were selected. A total of 122 isolates exhibited typical LAB characteristics: Gram-positive and catalase negative, among which 104 (85·24%) colonies showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella by the well diffusion assay. Four colonies showing maximum antibacterial radius against Salmonella were selected to co-inoculate with Salmonella on fresh-cut apple and stored at 10°C, further identified as three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of Lactobacillus brevis by 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis. The modified Gompertz model was employed to analyse the growth of the micro-organisms on apple wedges. Two of the four selected strains showed antagonistic activity against Salmonella on fresh-cut apple, one of which, RD1, exhibited best inhibitory activity (Salmonella were greatly inhibited when co-inoculated with RD1 at 10°C at 168 h). No deterioration in odour or appearance of the apple piece was observed by the triangle test when fresh-cut apple was inoculated with RD1. The mathematical modelling method is essential to select LAB with outstanding inhibitory activity against Salmonella associated with fresh-cut apple. LAB RD1 holds promise for the preservation of fresh-cut apple. This study provided a new method on fresh-cut product preservation. Besides, to make the LAB isolating procedure a more correct one, this study first added the mathematical modelling method to the isolating procedure. © 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29130645','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29130645"><span>Distributed decision making in <span class="hlt">action</span>: diagnostic imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span> within the bigger picture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Makanjee, Chandra R; Bergh, Anne-Marie; Hoffmann, Willem A</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Decision making in the health care system - specifically with regard to diagnostic imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span> - occurs at multiple levels. Professional role players from various backgrounds are involved in making these decisions, from the point of referral to the outcomes of the imaging <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. The aim of this study was to map the decision-making processes and pathways involved when patients are referred for diagnostic imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span> and to explore distributed decision-making events at the points of contact with patients within a health care system. A two-phased qualitative study was conducted in an academic public health complex with the district hospital as entry point. The first phase included case studies of 24 conveniently selected patients, and the second phase involved 12 focus group interviews with health care providers. Data analysis was based on Rapley's interpretation of decision making as being distributed across time, situations and <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and including different role players and technologies. Clinical decisions incorporating imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span> are distributed across the three vital points of contact or decision-making events, namely the initial patient consultation, the diagnostic imaging <span class="hlt">investigation</span> and the post-<span class="hlt">investigation</span> consultation. Each of these decision-making events is made up of a sequence of discrete decision-making moments based on the transfer of retrospective, current and prospective information and its transformation into knowledge. This paper contributes to the understanding of the microstructural processes (the 'when' and 'where') involved in the distribution of decisions related to imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span>. It also highlights the interdependency in decision-making events of medical and non-medical providers within a single medical encounter. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22051268-investigation-molecular-mechanisms-action-chelating-drugs-protein-lipid-model-membranes-ray-fluorescence','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22051268-investigation-molecular-mechanisms-action-chelating-drugs-protein-lipid-model-membranes-ray-fluorescence"><span><span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of molecular mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> of chelating drugs on protein-lipid model membranes by X-ray fluorescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Novikova, N. N., E-mail: nn_novikova@ns.crys.ras.ru; Zheludeva, S. I.; Koval'chuk, M. V.</p> <p></p> <p>Protein-lipid films based on the enzyme alkaline phosphatase were subjected to the <span class="hlt">action</span> of chelating drugs, which are used for accelerating the removal of heavy metals from the human body, and the elemental composition of the resulting films was <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence measurements were performed at the Berlin Electron Storage Ring Company for Synchrotron Radiation (BESSY) in Germany. A comparative estimation of the protective effect of four drugs (EDTA, succimer, xydiphone, and mediphon) on membrane-bound enzymes damaged by lead ions was made. The changes in the elemental composition of the protein-lipid films caused by high doses of chelating drugsmore » were <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. It was shown that state-of-the-art X-ray techniques can, in principle, be used to develop new methods for the in vitro evaluation of the efficiency of drugs, providing differential data on their <span class="hlt">actions</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title29-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title29-vol1-sec15-6.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title29-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title29-vol1-sec15-6.pdf"><span>29 CFR 15.6 - Administrative <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Administrative <span class="hlt">action</span>. 15.6 Section 15.6 Labor Office of the... Against the Government Under the Federal Tort Claims Act § 15.6 Administrative <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a) <span class="hlt">Investigation</span>... such harm, it has the responsibility to fully <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the incident and to take all <span class="hlt">actions</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342782','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342782"><span>Evidence of the anti-Helicobacter pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of Cuphea aequipetala infusion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Palacios-Espinosa, Juan Francisco; Arroyo-García, Oscar; García-Valencia, Guillermo; Linares, Edelmira; Bye, Robert; Romero, Irma</p> <p>2014-02-03</p> <p>Cuphea aequipetala (Lythraceae) is a medicinal plant highly appreciated in Mexico to treat stomach ailments such as pain and burning sensation, stomach infections, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, and different types of tumors and bruises. In this work, the infusion of aerial parts of this plant (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) was <span class="hlt">investigated</span> for its polypharmacological potential. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by broth dilution method. Pharmacological studies included acute toxicity in mice using Lorke´s model, anti-inflammatory activity by xylene and TPA induced ear edema assay, as well as gastroprotection with ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to determine antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and AlCl3 reaction, respectively. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> showed good anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with a MIC of 125μg/mL. The infusion was not toxic according to Lorke's model with a LD50 greater than 5g/kg. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exhibited low anti-edematogenic <span class="hlt">action</span> in the models assayed. Oral administration of 300mg/kg <span class="hlt">CAI</span> significantly reduced gastric lesions by 87.9%. The effect was reversed only by indomethacin and N-ethylmaleimide demonstrating the role of endogenous prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds in gastroprotection. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were 109.9mg GAE/g DW and 28.1mg QE/g DW, respectively, and the infusion exhibited a good antioxidant activity that is thought to play a role in its biological activity. The analysis of a preliminary fractionation of the infusion indicates that the complete extract conserves all its pharmacological activities in contrast to fractionated extracts. Cuphea aequipetala is a promising native herb in an integral therapy for the treatment of bacterial or non-bacterial gastric ulcer because it possesses some anti-inflammatory properties, as well as exhibits good gastroprotective and antibacterial effects. It represents an important source for the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251211','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251211"><span>Effect of taping on foot kinematics in persons with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deschamps, Kevin; Dingenen, Bart; Pans, Femke; Van Bavel, Isabelle; Matricali, Giovanni Arnoldo; Staes, Filip</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> differences in rigid-foot and multi-segmental foot kinematics between healthy (control) and chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) participants during running and to evaluate the effect of low-Dye (LD) and high-Dye (HD) taping on foot kinematics of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> subjects. Cross-sectional, comparative study. Kinematic data of 12 controls and 15 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants were collected by a 3D motion analysis system during running. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> participants performed barefoot (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF) running trials as well as trials with taping. A rigid Plug-in gait Model and the Rizzoli 3D Multi-Segment Foot Model were used. Groups were compared using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. An increased inversion, a decreased dorsiflexion between the foot and tibia and a decreased external foot progression angle were found during terminal swing and early stance in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF group. With respect to the taped conditions, post-hoc SPM{t} calculations highlighted a more dorsiflexed rearfoot (38-46% running cycle) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_HD compared to the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_LD, and a more inverted Mid-Met angle (6-24% running cycle) in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_LD compared to the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>_BF condition. This study revealed significant differences in rigid foot and multi-segmental foot kinematics between all groups. As high-dye taping embraces shank-rearfoot and forefoot, it seems to have better therapeutic features with respect to low-dye taping as the latter created a more inverted forefoot which may not be recommended in this population. Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106426','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106426"><span>Comparative <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of manual <span class="hlt">action</span> representations: evidence that chimpanzees represent the costs of potential future <span class="hlt">actions</span> involving tools.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frey, Scott H; Povinelli, Daniel J</p> <p>2012-01-12</p> <p>The ability to adjust one's ongoing <span class="hlt">actions</span> in the anticipation of forthcoming task demands is considered as strong evidence for the existence of internal <span class="hlt">action</span> representations. Studies of <span class="hlt">action</span> selection in tool use reveal that the behaviours that we choose in the present moment differ depending on what we intend to do next. Further, they point to a specialized role for mechanisms within the human cerebellum and dominant left cerebral hemisphere in representing the likely sensory costs of intended future <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Recently, the question of whether similar mechanisms exist in other primates has received growing, but still limited, attention. Here, we present data that bear on this issue from a species that is a natural user of tools, our nearest living relative, the chimpanzee. In experiment 1, a subset of chimpanzees showed a non-significant tendency for their grip preferences to be affected by anticipation of the demands associated with bringing a tool's baited end to their mouths. In experiment 2, chimpanzees' initial grip preferences were consistently affected by anticipation of the forthcoming movements in a task that involves using a tool to extract a food reward. The partial discrepancy between the results of these two studies is attributed to the ability to accurately represent differences between the motor costs associated with executing the two response alternatives available within each task. These findings suggest that chimpanzees are capable of accurately representing the costs of intended future <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and using those predictions to select movements in the present even in the context of externally directed tool use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3223790','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3223790"><span>Comparative <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of manual <span class="hlt">action</span> representations: evidence that chimpanzees represent the costs of potential future <span class="hlt">actions</span> involving tools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Frey, Scott H.; Povinelli, Daniel J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The ability to adjust one's ongoing <span class="hlt">actions</span> in the anticipation of forthcoming task demands is considered as strong evidence for the existence of internal <span class="hlt">action</span> representations. Studies of <span class="hlt">action</span> selection in tool use reveal that the behaviours that we choose in the present moment differ depending on what we intend to do next. Further, they point to a specialized role for mechanisms within the human cerebellum and dominant left cerebral hemisphere in representing the likely sensory costs of intended future <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Recently, the question of whether similar mechanisms exist in other primates has received growing, but still limited, attention. Here, we present data that bear on this issue from a species that is a natural user of tools, our nearest living relative, the chimpanzee. In experiment 1, a subset of chimpanzees showed a non-significant tendency for their grip preferences to be affected by anticipation of the demands associated with bringing a tool's baited end to their mouths. In experiment 2, chimpanzees' initial grip preferences were consistently affected by anticipation of the forthcoming movements in a task that involves using a tool to extract a food reward. The partial discrepancy between the results of these two studies is attributed to the ability to accurately represent differences between the motor costs associated with executing the two response alternatives available within each task. These findings suggest that chimpanzees are capable of accurately representing the costs of intended future <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and using those predictions to select movements in the present even in the context of externally directed tool use. PMID:22106426</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+cost&pg=5&id=EJ344231','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=artificial+AND+intelligence+AND+cost&pg=5&id=EJ344231"><span>Framework for Computer Assisted Instruction Courseware: A Case Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Betlach, Judith A.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Systematically <span class="hlt">investigates</span>, defines, and organizes variables related to production of internally designed and implemented computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) courseware: special needs of users; costs; identification and definition of realistic training needs; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> definition and design methodology; hardware and software requirements; and general…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/799771','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/799771"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 5: Landfills, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. No.: 0) includes Record of Technical Change No. 1 (dated 9/17/2002)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>IT Corporation, Las Vegas, NV</p> <p></p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 5 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 5 consists of eight Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): 05-15-01, Sanitary Landfill; 05-16-01, Landfill; 06-08-01, Landfill; 06-15-02, Sanitary Landfill; 06-15-03, Sanitary Landfill; 12-15-01, Sanitary Landfill; 20-15-01, Landfill; 23-15-03, Disposal Site. Located between Areas 5, 6, 12, 20, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), CAU 5 consists of unlined landfillsmore » used in support of disposal operations between 1952 and 1992. Large volumes of solid waste were produced from the projects which used the CAU 5 landfills. Waste disposed in these landfills may be present without appropriate controls (i.e., use restrictions, adequate cover) and hazardous and/or radioactive constituents may be present at concentrations and locations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and/or the environment. During the 1992 to 1995 time frame, the NTS was used for various research and development projects including nuclear weapons testing. Instead of managing solid waste at one or two disposal sites, the practice on the NTS was to dispose of solid waste in the vicinity of the project. A review of historical documentation, process knowledge, personal interviews, and inferred activities associated with this CAU identified the following as potential contaminants of concern: volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons (diesel- and gasoline-range organics), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Metals, plus nickel and zinc. A two-phase approach has been selected to collect information and generate data to satisfy needed resolution</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA243385','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA243385"><span>Comparison of RCRA SWMU Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> and CERCLA Remedial <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1991-09-30</p> <p>4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5 . FUNDING NUMBERS Comparison of RCRA SWMU Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> and CERCLA Remedial <span class="hlt">Action</span> 6. AUTHOR(S) Sam Capps Rupe, Major -1...Interim Status for TSD Facilities .................... 19 5 . Closure and Postclosure Requirements for TSD Facilities ........... 25 D. State Role... 65 1. RCRA Facility Assessment . ............................... 65 2. RCRA Facility <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> . .............................. 66 3</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf"><span>46 CFR 5.105 - Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. 5.105 Section 5.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATION</span> REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 5.105 Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. During an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf"><span>46 CFR 5.105 - Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. 5.105 Section 5.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATION</span> REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 5.105 Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. During an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, the...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf"><span>46 CFR 5.105 - Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. 5.105 Section 5.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATION</span> REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 5.105 Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. During an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf"><span>46 CFR 5.105 - Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. 5.105 Section 5.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATION</span> REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 5.105 Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. During an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec5-105.pdf"><span>46 CFR 5.105 - Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. 5.105 Section 5.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATION</span> REGULATIONS-PERSONNEL <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 5.105 Course of <span class="hlt">action</span> available. During an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12101594','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12101594"><span>[Effects of sustained and stopped hand <span class="hlt">actions</span> on sensible/nonsensible judgments of verbal phrase of <span class="hlt">action</span>: comparison between actual <span class="hlt">action</span> and viewing a movie].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yamamoto, Yukiko; Hakoda, Yuji</p> <p>2002-04-01</p> <p>The present study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> how an actual <span class="hlt">action</span> or viewing a movie of an <span class="hlt">action</span> influences the subsequent semantic processing of a verbal phrase concerning the <span class="hlt">action</span> (e.g., holding a bag with a hand). Forty participants made sensible/nonsensible judgments about the target phrase which were preceded by one of the four prime conditions: sustained <span class="hlt">action</span>, stopped <span class="hlt">action</span>, sustained viewing movie, and stopped viewing movie. A facilitatory priming effect was observed in the sustained <span class="hlt">action</span> condition. Whereas an inhibitory effect was observed in the stopped <span class="hlt">action</span> condition. These results suggest that the kinetic information affects on the semantic processing of a verbal phrase of <span class="hlt">action</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28000082','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28000082"><span>The influence of <span class="hlt">action</span> observation on <span class="hlt">action</span> execution: Dissociating the contribution of <span class="hlt">action</span> on perception, perception on <span class="hlt">action</span>, and resolving conflict.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deschrijver, Eliane; Wiersema, Jan R; Brass, Marcel</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>For more than 15 years, motor interference paradigms have been used to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the influence of <span class="hlt">action</span> observation on <span class="hlt">action</span> execution. Most research on so-called automatic imitation has focused on variables that play a modulating role or <span class="hlt">investigated</span> potential confounding factors. Interestingly, furthermore, a number of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have tried to shed light on the functional mechanisms and neural correlates involved in imitation inhibition. However, these fMRI studies, presumably due to poor temporal resolution, have primarily focused on high-level processes and have neglected the potential role of low-level motor and perceptual processes. In the current EEG study, we therefore aimed to disentangle the influence of low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms from high-level cognitive mechanisms. We focused on potential congruency differences in the visual N190 - a component related to the processing of biological motion, the Readiness Potential - a component related to motor preparation, and the high-level P3 component. Interestingly, we detected congruency effects in each of these components, suggesting that the interference effect in an automatic imitation paradigm is not only related to high-level processes such as self-other distinction but also to more low-level influences of perception on <span class="hlt">action</span> and <span class="hlt">action</span> on perception. Moreover, we documented relationships of the neural effects with (autistic) behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=reading+AND+instruction&pg=5&id=EJ1099524','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=reading+AND+instruction&pg=5&id=EJ1099524"><span>Is Computer-Aided Instruction an Effective Tier-One Intervention for Kindergarten Students at Risk for Reading Failure in an Applied Setting?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kreskey, Donna DeVaughn; Truscott, Stephen D.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the use of computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) as an intervention for kindergarten students at risk for reading failure. Headsprout Early Reading (Headsprout 2005), a type of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, provides internet-based, reading instruction incorporating the critical components of reading instruction cited by the National Reading Panel (NRP…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED029511.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED029511.pdf"><span>Computer-Based Instruction in Statistical Inference; Final Report. Technical Memorandum (TM Series).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rosenbaum, J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A two-year <span class="hlt">investigation</span> into the development of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for the improvement of undergraduate training in statistics was undertaken. The first year was largely devoted to designing PLANIT (Programming LANguage for Interactive Teaching) which reduces, or completely eliminates, the need an author of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> lessons would…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4227030','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4227030"><span>Watching novice <span class="hlt">action</span> degrades expert motor performance: Causation between <span class="hlt">action</span> production and outcome prediction of observed <span class="hlt">actions</span> by humans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ikegami, Tsuyoshi; Ganesh, Gowrishankar</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Our social skills are critically determined by our ability to understand and appropriately respond to <span class="hlt">actions</span> performed by others. However despite its obvious importance, the mechanisms enabling <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding in humans have remained largely unclear. A popular but controversial belief is that parts of the motor system contribute to our ability to understand observed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Here, using a novel behavioral paradigm, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> this belief by examining a causal relation between <span class="hlt">action</span> production, and a component of <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding - outcome prediction, the ability of a person to predict the outcome of observed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. We asked dart experts to watch novice dart throwers and predict the outcome of their throws. We modulated the feedbacks provided to them, caused a specific improvement in the expert's ability to predict watched <span class="hlt">actions</span> while controlling the other experimental factors, and exhibited that a change (improvement) in their outcome prediction ability results in a progressive and proportional deterioration in the expert's own darts performance. This causal relationship supports involvement of the motor system in outcome prediction by humans of <span class="hlt">actions</span> observed in others. PMID:25384755</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec13-19.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec13-19.pdf"><span>14 CFR 13.19 - Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>. 13.19 Section 13.19... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIVE</span> AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES Legal Enforcement <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 13.19 Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a) Under section... charges or other reasons upon which the Administrator bases the proposed <span class="hlt">action</span> and, except in an...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995109','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995109"><span>Systematic review of chronic ankle instability in children</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is a disabling condition often encountered after ankle injury. Three main components of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> exist; perceived instability; mechanical instability (increased ankle ligament laxity); and recurrent sprain. Literature evaluating <span class="hlt">CAI</span> has been heavily focused on adults, with little attention to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children. Hence, the objective of this study was to systematically review the prevalence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children. Methods Studies were retrieved from major databases from earliest records to March 2013. References from identified articles were also examined. Studies involving participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, classified by authors as children, were considered for inclusion. Papers <span class="hlt">investigating</span> traumatic instability or instability arising from fractures were excluded. Two independent examiners undertook all stages of screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessments. Screening discrepancies were resolved by reaching consensus. Results Following the removal of duplicates, 14,263 papers were screened for eligibility against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine full papers were included in the review. Symptoms of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> evaluated included perceived and mechanical ankle instability along with recurrent ankle sprain. In children with a history of ankle sprain, perceived instability was reported in 23-71% whilst mechanical instability was found in 18-47% of children. A history of recurrent ankle sprain was found in 22% of children. Conclusion Due to the long-lasting impacts of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, future research into the measurement and incidence of ankle instability in children is recommended. PMID:24641786</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action&pg=2&id=EJ1100866','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action&pg=2&id=EJ1100866"><span>An <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of Preschool Teachers' Ways of Seeing <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research Using Phenomenography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lam, Ho Cheong</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>One of the purposes of introducing the use of <span class="hlt">action</span> research in schools is to bring about educational change in policy and practice. To make this happen, it is of paramount importance to look into how teachers actually see <span class="hlt">action</span> research. We, the writers of this paper, are teacher educators, teaching preschool teachers courses related to action…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol1-sec13-19.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol1-sec13-19.pdf"><span>14 CFR 13.19 - Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>. 13.19 Section 13.19... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIVE</span> AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES Legal Enforcement <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 13.19 Certificate <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a) Under section... Administrator bases the proposed <span class="hlt">action</span> and, except in an emergency, allows the holder to answer any charges and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSEdT...8..137W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSEdT...8..137W"><span>The Effects of STS Issue <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> and <span class="hlt">Action</span> Instruction Versus Traditional Life Science Instruction on Seventh Grade Students' Citizenship Behaviors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wiesenmayer, Randall L.; Rubba, Peter A.</p> <p>1999-06-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employing an STS instructional model that addresses each of the four goal levels of STS education versus an instructional model containing only life science content, on seventh grade students' participation in citizenship <span class="hlt">action</span> on STS issues. A modified version of the non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design was used with seventeen intact seventh grade life science classes, ten of which received STS instruction ( N = 264) and seven of which received life science instruction ( N = 136) over 20 school days. The STS instruction sequentially addressed each of the four goal levels for STS education. Data were collected using the <span class="hlt">Actions</span> Taken on Public Issues instrument to measure citizenship behaviors. ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were employed to analyze data. It was concluded from the findings that employment of an STS issue <span class="hlt">investigation</span> with an <span class="hlt">action</span> instructional model that addressed the four goal levels of STS education significantly increased seventh grade students' participation in citizenship <span class="hlt">actions</span> on STS issues. Implications and recommendations are provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29520841','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29520841"><span>Adductor magnus: An EMG <span class="hlt">investigation</span> into proximal and distal portions and direction specific <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Benn, Matthew L; Pizzari, Tania; Rath, Leanne; Tucker, Kylie; Semciw, Adam I</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Cadaveric studies indicate that adductor magnus is structurally partitioned into at least two regions. The aim of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the direction-specific <span class="hlt">actions</span> of proximal and distal portions of adductor magnus, and in doing so determine if these segments have distinct functional roles. Fine-wire EMG electrodes were inserted into two portions of adductor magnus of 12 healthy young adults. Muscle activity was recorded during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) across eight tests (hip flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, abduction, and adduction at 0°, 45°, and 90° hip flexion). Median activity within each <span class="hlt">action</span> (normalized to peak) was compared between segments using repeated measures nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). An effect size (ES = z-score/√sample size) was calculated to determine the magnitude of difference between muscle segments. The relative contribution of each muscle segment differed significantly during internal rotation (P < 0.001; ES = 0.88) and external rotation (P = 0.003, ES = 0.79). The distal portion was most active during extension [median (interquartile range); 100(0)% MVIC)] and internal rotation [58(34)% MVIC]. The proximal portion was most active during extension [100(49)% MVIC] and adduction [59(64)%MVIC], with low level activity during external rotation [15(41)%MVIC]. This study suggests that adductor magnus has at least two functionally unique regions. Differences were most evident during rotation. The different direction-specific <span class="hlt">actions</span> may imply that each segment performs separate roles in hip stability and movement. These findings may have implications on injury prevention and rehabilitation for adductor-related groin injuries, hamstring strain injury, and hip pathology. Clin. Anat. 31:535-543, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491011','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491011"><span>Puberty in subjects with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Papadimitriou, Dimitrios T; Linglart, Agnès; Morel, Yves; Chaussain, Jean-Louis</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Androgen receptor defects affect the regulation of the gonadotropic axis. However, little is known about the timing of pubertal maturation in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>). To evaluate growth, skeletal maturation and gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion in patients with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> and intact gonads at puberty. Clinical, auxological and hormonal evaluation of 9 patients with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> from birth up to 17 years of age, prior to gonadectomy, in a single institution, retrospective study. Breast development occurred at a median age of 11.1 years, thumb sesamoid appeared at 11.5 years, and peak height velocity at 12.3 years, all consistent with average female values. However, median adult male height (+1.2 SDS) was closer to the patients' male target height (-0.3 SDS). Plasma testosterone levels rose early compared to normal boys. LH (basal and GnRH-stimulated) increased rapidly, above normal male values, in early puberty. This retrospective evaluation of a limited number of cases with a heterogeneous pattern of follow-up suggests that patients with <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> may enter puberty at an age closer to female standards. These results imply a major role of direct androgen <span class="hlt">action</span>, in utero or in early life, in determining the pattern of pubertal gonadotropin maturation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Participation+AND+decision-making&pg=7&id=EJ975700','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Participation+AND+decision-making&pg=7&id=EJ975700"><span>Using Computer-Assisted Interviewing to Consult with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Exploratory Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Barrow, Wilma; Hannah, Elizabeth F.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This article explores the use of computer-assisted interviewing (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) as a tool for consulting with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This is considered within the context of a research study which utilized one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programme, "In My Shoes", to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> children and young people's views of provision, support, and participation in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23116193','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23116193"><span>Anti-Candida albicans effectiveness of citral and <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of mode of <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lima, Igara Oliveira; de Medeiros Nóbrega, Fernanda; de Oliveira, Wylly Araújo; de Oliveira Lima, Edeltrudes; Albuquerque Menezes, Everardo; Cunha, Francisco Afrânio; Formiga Melo Diniz, Margareth de Fátima</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by Candida species, which is of clinical importance due to the increase in resistant yeasts. Candida infection has been a serious health problem due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to study molecules with an antifungal <span class="hlt">action</span>. Citral is a monoterpene with known pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial <span class="hlt">action</span>. The aim of this work was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of citral and the probable mode of <span class="hlt">action</span>. The MIC of citral was determined by the broth microdilution method using Sabouraud dextrose medium. Additionally, the interference of citral in cell wall (sorbitol assay) and the binding of citral to ergosterol and cholesterol were studied, carried out by broth microdilution method. The MIC and MFC of citral were 512 and 1024 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC of amphotericin B was 1 µg/mL. The mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> did not involve either the cell wall or ergosterol. However, the presence of cholesterol increased the MIC of citral to 1024 µg/mL, indicating there is some interaction between citral and cholesterol. Amphotericin B was used as the positive control, and it showed a high MIC in the presence of ergosterol (32 µg/mL), while in the presence of cholesterol MIC increased to 4 µg/mL. Citral inhibits the growth of C. albicans. The probable mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> did not involve the cell wall or ergosterol. Citral is able to interact with cholesterol. More studies are necessary to describe their effects completely.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27065189','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27065189"><span>Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bowker, Samantha; Terada, Masafumi; Thomas, Abbey C; Pietrosimone, Brian G; Hiller, Claire E; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Few <span class="hlt">investigators</span> have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group. To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers, and healthy controls. Case-control study. Research laboratory. Thirty-seven participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants. We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex : maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (°). Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with copers and control participants (P = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity. Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396130','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396130"><span>A randomized controlled trial <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of a non-stimulant in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (<span class="hlt">ACTION</span>): rationale and design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsang, Tracey W; Kohn, Michael R; Hermens, Daniel F; Clarke, Simon D; Clark, C Richard; Efron, Daryl; Cranswick, Noel; Lamb, Chris; Williams, Leanne M</p> <p>2011-03-13</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> study (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Controlled Trial <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Of a Non-stimulant) is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized cross-over trial of the non-stimulant medication, Atomoxetine, in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The primary aims are to examine the efficacy of atomoxetine for improving cognition and emotional function in ADHD and whether any improvements in these outcomes are more pronounced in participants with comorbid anxiety; and to determine if changes in these outcomes after atomoxetine are more reliable than changes in diagnostic symptoms of ADHD. This manuscript will describe the methodology and rationale for the <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> study. Children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 y with ADHD will be enrolled. Clinical interview and validated scales will be used to confirm diagnosis and screen for exclusion criteria, which include concurrent stimulant use, and comorbid psychiatric or neurological conditions other than anxiety. Three assessment sessions will be conducted over the 13-week study period: Session 1 (Baseline, pre-treatment), Session 2 (six weeks, atomoxetine or placebo), and Session 3 (13 weeks, cross-over after one-week washout period). The standardized touch-screen battery, "IntegNeuro™", will be used to assess cognitive and emotional function. The primary measure of response will be symptom ratings, while quality of life will be a secondary outcome. Logistic regression will be used to determine predictors of treatment response, while repeated measures of analysis will determine any differences in effect of atomoxetine and placebo. The methodology for the <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> study has been detailed. The <span class="hlt">ACTION</span> study is the first controlled trial to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the efficacy of atomoxetine using objective cognitive and emotional function markers, and whether these objective measures predict outcomes with atomoxetine in ADHD with and without comorbid anxiety. First enrollment was in March</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29787867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29787867"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> common coding of observed and executed <span class="hlt">actions</span> in the monkey brain using cross-modal multi-variate fMRI classification.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fiave, Prosper Agbesi; Sharma, Saloni; Jastorff, Jan; Nelissen, Koen</p> <p>2018-05-19</p> <p>Mirror neurons are generally described as a neural substrate hosting shared representations of <span class="hlt">actions</span>, by simulating or 'mirroring' the <span class="hlt">actions</span> of others onto the observer's own motor system. Since single neuron recordings are rarely feasible in humans, it has been argued that cross-modal multi-variate pattern analysis (MVPA) of non-invasive fMRI data is a suitable technique to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> common coding of observed and executed <span class="hlt">actions</span>, allowing researchers to infer the presence of mirror neurons in the human brain. In an effort to close the gap between monkey electrophysiology and human fMRI data with respect to the mirror neuron system, here we tested this proposal for the first time in the monkey. Rhesus monkeys either performed reach-and-grasp or reach-and-touch motor acts with their right hand in the dark or observed videos of human actors performing similar motor acts. Unimodal decoding showed that both executed or observed motor acts could be decoded from numerous brain regions. Specific portions of rostral parietal, premotor and motor cortices, previously shown to house mirror neurons, in addition to somatosensory regions, yielded significant asymmetric <span class="hlt">action</span>-specific cross-modal decoding. These results validate the use of cross-modal multi-variate fMRI analyses to probe the representations of own and others' <span class="hlt">actions</span> in the primate brain and support the proposed mapping of others' <span class="hlt">actions</span> onto the observer's own motor cortices. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/8532','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/8532"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 486: Double Tracks RADSAFE Ares, Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada, Rev. 0; DOE/NV--523 UPDATED WITH ROTC No.1 and 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>ITLV</p> <p></p> <p>This CAIP presents a plan to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the DTRSA where unregulated disposal of radioactive and possibly hazardous waste occurred during decontamination activities for the Double Tracks test. The purpose of the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> described in this CAIP is to: Identify and verify the locations of the decontamination facility and animal burial pit within the DTRSA; Identify the presence and nature of COPCs; Determine the vertical and lateral extent of COPCs; and Provide sufficient information and data to develop and evaluate appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for the CAS. This CAIP was developed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Data Qualitymore » Objectives (DQOs) (EPA, 1994d) process to clearly define the goals for collecting environmental data, to determine data uses, and to design a data collection program that will satisfy these uses. A DQO scoping meeting was held prior to preparation of this plan; a brief summary of the DQOs is presented in Section 3.4. A more detailed summary of the DQO process and results is included in Appendix A.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29344925','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29344925"><span>Translating visual information into <span class="hlt">action</span> predictions: Statistical learning in <span class="hlt">action</span> and nonaction contexts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Monroy, Claire D; Gerson, Sarah A; Hunnius, Sabine</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Humans are sensitive to the statistical regularities in <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences carried out by others. In the present eyetracking study, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether this sensitivity can support the prediction of upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span> when observing unfamiliar <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences. In two between-subjects conditions, we examined whether observers would be more sensitive to statistical regularities in sequences performed by a human agent versus self-propelled 'ghost' events. Secondly, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether regularities are learned better when they are associated with contingent effects. Both implicit and explicit measures of learning were compared between agent and ghost conditions. Implicit learning was measured via predictive eye movements to upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span> or events, and explicit learning was measured via both uninstructed reproduction of the <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences and verbal reports of the regularities. The findings revealed that participants, regardless of condition, readily learned the regularities and made correct predictive eye movements to upcoming events during online observation. However, different patterns of explicit-learning outcomes emerged following observation: Participants were most likely to re-create the sequence regularities and to verbally report them when they had observed an actor create a contingent effect. These results suggest that the shift from implicit predictions to explicit knowledge of what has been learned is facilitated when observers perceive another agent's <span class="hlt">actions</span> and when these <span class="hlt">actions</span> cause effects. These findings are discussed with respect to the potential role of the motor system in modulating how statistical regularities are learned and used to modify behavior.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=benefits+AND+water+AND+consumption&id=EJ1047234','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=benefits+AND+water+AND+consumption&id=EJ1047234"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> the Benefits of Participatory <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research for Environmental Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bywater, Krista</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Environmental education (EE) continues to focus on enhancing people's ecological knowledge to encourage sustainable <span class="hlt">actions</span>. This deficit approach presumes that once informed about environmental harms, people will work towards sustainable solutions for healthy societies. Yet research overwhelmingly demonstrates that knowledge of environmental…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-05/pdf/2013-21538.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-05/pdf/2013-21538.pdf"><span>78 FR 54622 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Current Population Survey, Annual Social and...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-05</p> <p>... Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement AGENCY: U.S. Census Bureau, Commerce. <span class="hlt">ACTION</span>: Notice... (ASEC) to be conducted in conjunction with the February, March, and April Current Population Survey (CPS...), and the need to modernize this survey to take advantage of computer assisted interviewing (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1134858.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1134858.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Learning in Undergraduate Engineering Thesis Supervision</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stappenbelt, Brad</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In the present <span class="hlt">action</span> learning implementation, twelve <span class="hlt">action</span> learning sets were conducted over eight years. The <span class="hlt">action</span> learning sets consisted of students involved in undergraduate engineering research thesis work. The concurrent study accompanying this initiative <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the influence of the <span class="hlt">action</span> learning environment on student approaches…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787236','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28787236"><span>Step-Down Test Assessment of Postural Stability in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bolt, Doris; Giger, René; Wirth, Stefan; Swanenburg, Jaap</p> <p>2018-01-23</p> <p>The underlying mechanism in 27% of ankle sprains is a fall while navigating stairs. Therefore, the step-down test (SDT) may be useful to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> dynamic postural stability deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the test-retest reliability and validity of the forward and lateral SDT protocol between individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and uninjured controls. Test-retest study. University hospital. A total of 46  individuals, 23 with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 23 uninjured controls. Time to stabilization of the forward and lateral SDT. The absolute reliability (SEM = 0.04-0.12 s; SDD = 0.11-0.33 s) of the SDT protocol was acceptable, whereas the relative reliability (ICC 3 , k = 0.12-0.63) and discriminant validity (P = .42-.99; AUC = 0.50-0.57) were not. The SDT appears to not be challenging enough to detect dynamic postural stability differences between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. However, the SDT may be capable of measuring change over time based on its good absolute reliability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4381844','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4381844"><span>By the sound of it. An ERP <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of human <span class="hlt">action</span> sound processing in 7-month-old infants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Geangu, Elena; Quadrelli, Ermanno; Lewis, James W.; Macchi Cassia, Viola; Turati, Chiara</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Recent evidence suggests that human adults perceive human <span class="hlt">action</span> sounds as a distinct category from human vocalizations, environmental, and mechanical sounds, activating different neural networks (Engel et al., 2009; Lewis et al., 2011). Yet, little is known about the development of such specialization. Using event-related potentials (ERP), this study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> neural correlates of 7-month-olds’ processing of human <span class="hlt">action</span> (HA) sounds in comparison to human vocalizations (HV), environmental (ENV), and mechanical (MEC) sounds. Relative to the other categories, HA sounds led to increased positive amplitudes between 470 and 570 ms post-stimulus onset at left anterior temporal locations, while HV led to increased negative amplitudes at the more posterior temporal locations in both hemispheres. Collectively, human produced sounds (HA + HV) led to significantly different response profiles compared to non-living sound sources (ENV + MEC) at parietal and frontal locations in both hemispheres. Overall, by 7 months of age human <span class="hlt">action</span> sounds are being differentially processed in the brain, consistent with a dichotomy for processing living versus non-living things. This provides novel evidence regarding the typical categorical processing of socially relevant sounds. PMID:25732377</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=231594&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=car&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=231594&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=car&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Development of an in vitro Hepatocyte Model to <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> Chemical Mode of <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>There is a clear need to identify and characterize the potential of liver in vitro models that can be used to replace animals for mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> analysis. Our goal is to use in vitro models for mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> prediction which recapitulate critical cellular processes underlying in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4961020','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4961020"><span>Stereoscopically Observing Manipulative <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ferri, S.; Pauwels, K.; Rizzolatti, G.; Orban, G. A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the contribution of stereopsis to the processing of observed manipulative <span class="hlt">actions</span>. To this end, we first combined the factors “stimulus type” (<span class="hlt">action</span>, static control, and dynamic control), “stereopsis” (present, absent) and “viewpoint” (frontal, lateral) into a single design. Four sites in premotor, retro-insular (2) and parietal cortex operated specifically when <span class="hlt">actions</span> were viewed stereoscopically and frontally. A second experiment clarified that the stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific regions were driven by <span class="hlt">actions</span> moving out of the frontoparallel plane, an effect amplified by frontal viewing in premotor cortex. Analysis of single voxels and their discriminatory power showed that the representation of <span class="hlt">action</span> in the stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific areas was more accurate when stereopsis was active. Further analyses showed that the 4 stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific sites form a closed network converging onto the premotor node, which connects to parietal and occipitotemporal regions outside the network. Several of the specific sites are known to process vestibular signals, suggesting that the network combines observed <span class="hlt">actions</span> in peripersonal space with gravitational signals. These findings have wider implications for the function of premotor cortex and the role of stereopsis in human behavior. PMID:27252350</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27639218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27639218"><span>Postural stabilization after single-leg vertical jump in individuals with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nunes, Guilherme S; de Noronha, Marcos</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the impact different ways to define reference balance can have when analysing time to stabilization (TTS). Secondarily, to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the difference in TTS between people with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and healthy controls. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory. Fifty recreational athletes (25 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 25 controls). TTS of the center of pressure (CoP) after maximal single-leg vertical jump using as reference method the single-leg stance, pre-jump period, and post-jump period; and the CoP variability during the reference methods. The post-jump reference period had lower values for TTS in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction when compared to single-leg stance (P = 0.001) and to pre-jump (P = 0.002). For TTS in the medio-lateral (ML) direction, the post-jump reference period showed lower TTS when compared to single-leg stance (P = 0.01). We found no difference between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and control group for TTS for any direction. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group showed more CoP variability than control group in the single-leg stance reference period for both directions. Different reference periods will produce different results for TTS. There is no difference in TTS after a maximum vertical jump between groups. People with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> have more CoP variability in both directions during single-leg stance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914742','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914742"><span>Individuals with chronic ankle instability exhibit dynamic postural stability deficits and altered unilateral landing biomechanics: A systematic review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simpson, Jeffrey D; Stewart, Ethan M; Macias, David M; Chander, Harish; Knight, Adam C</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p>To evaluate the literature regarding unilateral landing biomechanics and dynamic postural stability in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Four online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SportDiscus) were searched from the earliest records to 31 January 2018, as well as reference sections of related journal articles, to complete the systematic search. Studies <span class="hlt">investigating</span> the influence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on unilateral landing biomechanics and dynamic postural stability were systematically reviewed and evaluated. Twenty articles met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were found to have deficits in dynamic postural stability on the affected limb with medium to large effect sizes and altered lower extremity kinematics, most notably in the ankle and knee, with medium to large effect sizes. Additionally, greater loading rates and peak ground reaction forces, in addition to reductions in ankle muscle activity were also found in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> during unilateral jump-landing tasks. Individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstrate dynamic postural stability deficits, lower extremity kinematic alterations, and reduced neuromuscular control during unilateral jump-landings. These are likely factors that contribute recurrent lateral ankle sprain injuries during dynamic activity in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323157"><span>BG60S dissolution interferes with osteoblast calcium signals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Valério, P; Pereira, M M; Goes, A M; Leite, M F</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the influence of extracellular calcium concentration, caused by the dissolution of a bioactive glass with 60% of silicon (BG60S), on intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +)) signals and expression of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (InsP(3)R) in primary culture of osteoblasts. We found that BG60S caused an increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) signals in this cell type. Additionally, osteoblasts pre-incubated in the presence of BG60S showed an increase in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) when cells were stimulated with vasopressin. On the other hand, a decrease in <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) signals were observed in osteoblasts pre-treated with BG60S and stimulated with KCl. We furher found that in osteoblasts, the type I InsP(3)R is preferentially distributed in the nucleus while the type II InsP(3)R in the cytoplasm. Preincubation of osteoblasts with BG60S altered the receptor expression level, increasing the type I InsP(3)R in the nucleus and decreasing type II InsP(3)R in the cytosol. Together, our results showed that in osteoblasts, BG60S increased <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +)signals and altered <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) (2 +) machinery.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1030666','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1030666"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 562: Waste Systems, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NSTec Environmental Restoration</p> <p>2011-04-30</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan has been prepared for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 562, Waste Systems, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (1996; as amended March 2010). CAU 562 consists of 13 Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs) located in Areas 2, 23, and 25 of the Nevada National Security Site. Site characterization activities were performed in 2009 and 2010, and the results are presented in Appendix A of the Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for CAU 562. The scope of work required to implement the recommended closure alternatives is summarized. (1) CAS 02-26-11, Lead Shot, will be clean closedmore » by removing shot. (2) CAS 02-44-02, Paint Spills and French Drain, will be clean closed by removing paint and contaminated soil. As a best management practice (BMP), asbestos tile will be removed. (3) CAS 02-59-01, Septic System, will be clean closed by removing septic tank contents. As a BMP, the septic tank will be removed. (4) CAS 02-60-01, Concrete Drain, contains no contaminants of concern (COCs) above <span class="hlt">action</span> levels. No further <span class="hlt">action</span> is required; however, as a BMP, the concrete drain will be removed. (5) CAS 02-60-02, French Drain, was clean closed. Corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> were completed during corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities. As a BMP, the drain grates and drain pipe will be removed. (6) CAS 02-60-03, Steam Cleaning Drain, will be clean closed by removing contaminated soil. As a BMP, the steam cleaning sump grate and outfall pipe will be removed. (7) CAS 02-60-04, French Drain, was clean closed. Corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> were completed during corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities. (8) CAS 02-60-05, French Drain, will be clean closed by removing contaminated soil. (9) CAS 02-60-06, French Drain, contains no COCs above <span class="hlt">action</span> levels. No further <span class="hlt">action</span> is required. (10) CAS 02-60-07, French Drain, requires no further <span class="hlt">action</span>. The french drain identified in historical documentation was not located during corrective <span class="hlt">action</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=monkeys+AND+experiments&pg=2&id=EJ796056','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=monkeys+AND+experiments&pg=2&id=EJ796056"><span>Automatic Imitation of Intransitive <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Press, Clare; Bird, Geoffrey; Walsh, Eamonn; Heyes, Cecilia</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Previous research has indicated a potential discontinuity between monkey and human ventral premotor-parietal mirror systems, namely that monkey mirror systems process only transitive (object-directed) <span class="hlt">actions</span>, whereas human mirror systems may also process intransitive (non-object-directed) <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The present study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> this discontinuity…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol3-sec536-62.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol3-sec536-62.pdf"><span>32 CFR 536.62 - <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums. 536.62 Section 536.62... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> and Processing of Claims § 536.62 <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums. (a) When... claims on which suit is filed before final <span class="hlt">action</span>, see § 536.66. A settlement authority may deny or pay...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol3-sec536-62.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol3-sec536-62.pdf"><span>32 CFR 536.62 - <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums. 536.62 Section 536.62... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> and Processing of Claims § 536.62 <span class="hlt">Action</span> memorandums. (a) When... claims on which suit is filed before final <span class="hlt">action</span>, see § 536.66. A settlement authority may deny or pay...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022991','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022991"><span>Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Becker, H.; Morgan, J.W.; Walker, R.J.; MacPherson, G.J.; Grossman, J.N.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in chondrites were <span class="hlt">investigated</span> in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one <span class="hlt">CAI</span> indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are consistent with previous models that indicate group II <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> relative to other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28703618','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28703618"><span>From conscious thought to automatic <span class="hlt">action</span>: A simulation account of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Martiny-Huenger, Torsten; Martiny, Sarah E; Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J; Pfeiffer, Elisa; Gollwitzer, Peter M</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>We provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for how verbally planning an <span class="hlt">action</span> creates direct perception-<span class="hlt">action</span> links and behavioral automaticity. We argue that planning <span class="hlt">actions</span> in an if (situation)-then (<span class="hlt">action</span>) format induces sensorimotor simulations (i.e., activity patterns reenacting the event in the sensory and motor brain areas) of the anticipated situation and the intended <span class="hlt">action</span>. Due to their temporal overlap, these activity patterns become linked. Whenever the previously simulated situation is encountered, the previously simulated <span class="hlt">action</span> is partially reactivated through spreading activation and thus more likely to be executed. In 4 experiments (N = 363), we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the relation between specific if-then <span class="hlt">action</span> plans worded to activate simulations of elbow flexion versus extension movements and actual elbow flexion versus extension movements in a subsequent, ostensibly unrelated categorization task. As expected, linking a critical stimulus to intended <span class="hlt">actions</span> that implied elbow flexion movements (e.g., grabbing it for consumption) subsequently facilitated elbow flexion movements upon encountering the critical stimulus. However, linking a critical stimulus to <span class="hlt">actions</span> that implied elbow extension movements (e.g., pointing at it) subsequently facilitated elbow extension movements upon encountering the critical stimulus. Thus, minor differences (i.e., exchanging the words "point at" with "grab") in verbally formulated <span class="hlt">action</span> plans (i.e., conscious thought) had systematic consequences on subsequent <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The question of how conscious thought can induce stimulus-triggered <span class="hlt">action</span> is illuminated by the provided theoretical framework and the respective empirical evidence, facilitating the understanding of behavioral automaticity and human agency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3008166','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3008166"><span>Classifying Facial <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Donato, Gianluca; Bartlett, Marian Stewart; Hager, Joseph C.; Ekman, Paul; Sejnowski, Terrence J.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The Facial <span class="hlt">Action</span> Coding System (FACS) [23] is an objective method for quantifying facial movement in terms of component <span class="hlt">actions</span>. This system is widely used in behavioral <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The coding is presently performed by highly trained human experts. This paper explores and compares techniques for automatically recognizing facial <span class="hlt">actions</span> in sequences of images. These techniques include analysis of facial motion through estimation of optical flow; holistic spatial analysis, such as principal component analysis, independent component analysis, local feature analysis, and linear discriminant analysis; and methods based on the outputs of local filters, such as Gabor wavelet representations and local principal components. Performance of these systems is compared to naive and expert human subjects. Best performances were obtained using the Gabor wavelet representation and the independent component representation, both of which achieved 96 percent accuracy for classifying 12 facial <span class="hlt">actions</span> of the upper and lower face. The results provide converging evidence for the importance of using local filters, high spatial frequencies, and statistical independence for classifying facial <span class="hlt">actions</span>. PMID:21188284</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222770"><span>Ocular Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and NGF Eye Drop Application as Paradigms to <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> NGF Neuroprotective and Reparative <span class="hlt">Actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tirassa, Paola; Rosso, Pamela; Iannitelli, Angela</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The eye is a central nervous system structure that is uniquely accessible to local treatment. Through the ocular surface, it is possible to access the retina, optic nerve, and brain. Animal models of retina degeneration or optic nerve crush could thus serve as tools to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> whether and how factors, which are anterogradely or retrogradely transported through the optic nerve, might contribute to activate neuroprotection and eventually regeneration. Among these factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a crucial role during development of the visual system, as well as during the entire life span, and in pathological conditions. The ability of NGF to exert survival and trophic <span class="hlt">actions</span> on the retina and brain cells when applied intraocularly and topically as eye drops is critically reviewed here, together with the effects of ocular neurotrophins on neuronal pathways influencing body rhythm, cognitions, and behavioral functions. The latest data from animal models and humans are presented, and the mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> of ocularly administered NGF is discussed. NGF eye drops are proposed as an experimental strategy to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the role and cellular targets of neurotrophins in the mechanism(s) underlying neurodegeneration/regeneration and their involvement in the regulation of neurological and behavioral dysfunctions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27252350','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27252350"><span>Stereoscopically Observing Manipulative <span class="hlt">Actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ferri, S; Pauwels, K; Rizzolatti, G; Orban, G A</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the contribution of stereopsis to the processing of observed manipulative <span class="hlt">actions</span>. To this end, we first combined the factors "stimulus type" (<span class="hlt">action</span>, static control, and dynamic control), "stereopsis" (present, absent) and "viewpoint" (frontal, lateral) into a single design. Four sites in premotor, retro-insular (2) and parietal cortex operated specifically when <span class="hlt">actions</span> were viewed stereoscopically and frontally. A second experiment clarified that the stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific regions were driven by <span class="hlt">actions</span> moving out of the frontoparallel plane, an effect amplified by frontal viewing in premotor cortex. Analysis of single voxels and their discriminatory power showed that the representation of <span class="hlt">action</span> in the stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific areas was more accurate when stereopsis was active. Further analyses showed that the 4 stereo-<span class="hlt">action</span>-specific sites form a closed network converging onto the premotor node, which connects to parietal and occipitotemporal regions outside the network. Several of the specific sites are known to process vestibular signals, suggesting that the network combines observed <span class="hlt">actions</span> in peripersonal space with gravitational signals. These findings have wider implications for the function of premotor cortex and the role of stereopsis in human behavior. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19883133','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19883133"><span>Seeing meaning in <span class="hlt">action</span>: a bidirectional link between visual perspective and <span class="hlt">action</span> identification level.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Libby, Lisa K; Shaeffer, Eric M; Eibach, Richard P</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Actions</span> do not have inherent meaning but rather can be interpreted in many ways. The interpretation a person adopts has important effects on a range of higher order cognitive processes. One dimension on which interpretations can vary is the extent to which <span class="hlt">actions</span> are identified abstractly--in relation to broader goals, personal characteristics, or consequences--versus concretely, in terms of component processes. The present research <span class="hlt">investigated</span> how visual perspective (own 1st-person vs. observer's 3rd-person) in <span class="hlt">action</span> imagery is related to <span class="hlt">action</span> identification level. A series of experiments measured and manipulated visual perspective in mental and photographic images to test the connection with <span class="hlt">action</span> identification level. Results revealed a bidirectional causal relationship linking 3rd-person images and abstract <span class="hlt">action</span> identifications. These findings highlight the functional role of visual imagery and have implications for understanding how perspective is involved in <span class="hlt">action</span> perception at the social, cognitive, and neural levels. Copyright 2009 APA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830344"><span>Association Between Enacted Stigma and HIV-Related Risk Behavior Among MSM, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 2011.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Balaji, Alexandra B; Bowles, Kristina E; Hess, Kristen L; Smith, Justin C; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>MSM bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic. Enacted stigma (overt negative <span class="hlt">actions</span>) against sexual minorities may play an important role in increasing HIV risk among this population. Using data from the 2011 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, MSM cycle, we examined the independent associations between three measures of enacted stigma (verbal harassment, discrimination, physical assault) and engagement in each of four HIV-related risk behaviors as outcomes: condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) at last sex with a male partner of HIV discordant or unknown status and, in the past 12 months, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex. Of 9819 MSM, 32% experienced verbal harassment in the past 12 months, 23% experienced discrimination, and 8% experienced physical assault. Discordant <span class="hlt">CAI</span> at last sex with a male partner was associated with previous discrimination and physical assault. Past 12 month <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex were each associated with verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical assault. These findings indicate that a sizable proportion of MSM report occurrences of past 12 month enacted stigma and suggest that these experiences may be associated with HIV-related risk behavior. Addressing stigma towards sexual minorities must involve an integrated, multi-faceted approach, including interventions at the individual, community, and societal level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401005','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401005"><span>Peroneal electromechanical delay and fatigue in patients with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Flevas, Dimitrios A; Bernard, Manfred; Ristanis, Stavros; Moraiti, Constantina; Georgoulis, Anastasios D; Pappas, Evangelos</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the effect of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) on electromechanical delay times (EMD) before and after fatigue. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is essential for the development of effective rehabilitation programmes. It was hypothesized that patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> will demonstrate prolonged EMD times compared to healthy subjects and that fatigue will cause greater increases in EMD times in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Twenty-one male volunteers participated in the study providing data on 16 ankles with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 26 with no history of ankle injury. EMD was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Measurements were taken with the ankle in neutral (0°) and at 30° of inversion. All subjects followed an isokinetic fatigue protocol until eversion torque fell below 50 % of initial torque for three consecutive repetitions. A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to calculate the effect of ankle status (<span class="hlt">CAI</span> vs. healthy), fatigue, angle (0° vs. 30°) and their interactions on EMD. Fatigue caused a significant increase on EMD [non-fatigued: 122(29)ms vs. fatigue 155(54)ms; p < 0.001]. EMD times were shorter at 30° of inversion compared to neutral [neutral: 145(39)ms vs. 30° of inversion: 132(40)ms, p = 0.015]. An interaction effect for ankle status and angle was found (p = 0.026) with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ankles demonstrating longer EMD [<span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 156(45)ms vs. healthy: 133(40)ms] in neutral but not at 30° of inversion [<span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 133(46)ms vs. 132(33)ms]. Patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> had longer EMD times in neutral, but not when the ankle was placed in inversion. This suggests that rehabilitation programmes may be more effective when retraining occurs with the ankle in neutral position. It is likely that low EMD times prevent ankle acceleration at the beginning of the mechanism of injury, but they are less important when the ankle has already inverted at 30°. Both <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and healthy subjects demonstrated longer EMD after fatigue, emphasizing the importance of proper</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22694314','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22694314"><span>Emotional reactions to success and failure of collective <span class="hlt">action</span> as predictors of future <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions: a longitudinal <span class="hlt">investigation</span> in the context of student protests in Germany.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tausch, Nicole; Becker, Julia C</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>This research examined how emotional responses to success and failure of collective <span class="hlt">action</span> relate to willingness to engage in collective <span class="hlt">action</span> in the future. It was hypothesized that both pride (in relation to a success) and anger (in response to failure) would motivate future collective <span class="hlt">action</span>. Findings are reported from a two-wave longitudinal study (N= 98) in the context of student protests against tuition fees in Germany, which was conducted before and after collective <span class="hlt">action</span> had resulted in both a success and a failure. While anger positively predicted <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions, over and above baseline <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions, pride exerted a significant indirect effect on <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions via increased efficacy perceptions, over and above baseline efficacy and <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions. Politicized identification positively predicted the intensity of both pride and anger and baseline group efficacy positively predicted the intensity of anger. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527974','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527974"><span>Inferring <span class="hlt">action</span> structure and causal relationships in continuous sequences of human <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Buchsbaum, Daphna; Griffiths, Thomas L; Plunkett, Dillon; Gopnik, Alison; Baldwin, Dare</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>In the real world, causal variables do not come pre-identified or occur in isolation, but instead are embedded within a continuous temporal stream of events. A challenge faced by both human learners and machine learning algorithms is identifying subsequences that correspond to the appropriate variables for causal inference. A specific instance of this problem is <span class="hlt">action</span> segmentation: dividing a sequence of observed behavior into meaningful <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and determining which of those <span class="hlt">actions</span> lead to effects in the world. Here we present a Bayesian analysis of how statistical and causal cues to segmentation should optimally be combined, as well as four experiments <span class="hlt">investigating</span> human <span class="hlt">action</span> segmentation and causal inference. We find that both people and our model are sensitive to statistical regularities and causal structure in continuous <span class="hlt">action</span>, and are able to combine these sources of information in order to correctly infer both causal relationships and segmentation boundaries. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3887458','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3887458"><span>American Thyroid Association Guide to <span class="hlt">Investigating</span> Thyroid Hormone Economy and <span class="hlt">Action</span> in Rodent and Cell Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Anderson, Grant; Forrest, Douglas; Galton, Valerie Anne; Gereben, Balázs; Kim, Brian W.; Kopp, Peter A.; Liao, Xiao Hui; Obregon, Maria Jesus; Peeters, Robin P.; Refetoff, Samuel; Sharlin, David S.; Simonides, Warner S.; Weiss, Roy E.; Williams, Graham R.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background: An in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles that regulate thyroid hormone homeostasis is critical for the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with thyroid disease. Summary: Important clinical practices in use today for the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or thyroid cancer are the result of laboratory discoveries made by scientists <span class="hlt">investigating</span> the most basic aspects of thyroid structure and molecular biology. In this document, a panel of experts commissioned by the American Thyroid Association makes a series of recommendations related to the study of thyroid hormone economy and <span class="hlt">action</span>. These recommendations are intended to promote standardization of study design, which should in turn increase the comparability and reproducibility of experimental findings. Conclusions: It is expected that adherence to these recommendations by <span class="hlt">investigators</span> in the field will facilitate progress towards a better understanding of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone dependent processes. PMID:24001133</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090710','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090710"><span>Chronic Ankle Instability and Neural Excitability of the Lower Extremity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McLeod, Michelle M; Gribble, Phillip A; Pietrosimone, Brian G</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Neuromuscular dysfunction of the leg and thigh musculature, including decreased strength and postural control, is common in patients with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Understanding how <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects specific neural pathways may provide valuable information for targeted therapies. To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> differences in spinal reflexive and corticospinal excitability of the fibularis longus and vastus medialis between limbs in patients with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and between <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients and participants serving as healthy controls. Case-control study. Research laboratory. A total of 56 participants volunteered, and complete data for 21 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (9 men, 12 women; age = 20.81 ± 1.63 years, height = 171.57 ± 11.44 cm, mass = 68.84 ± 11.93 kg) and 24 healthy participants serving as controls (7 men, 17 women; age = 22.54 ± 2.92 years, height = 172.35 ± 10.85 cm, mass = 69.15 ± 12.30 kg) were included in the final analyses. Control participants were matched to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients on sex, age, and limb dominance. We assigned "involved" limbs, which corresponded with the involved limbs of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients, to control participants. Spinal reflexive excitability was assessed via the Hoffmann reflex and normalized to a maximal muscle response. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Active motor threshold (AMT) was defined as the lowest transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity required to elicit motor-evoked potentials equal to or greater than 100 μV in 5 of 10 consecutive stimuli. We obtained motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) at percentages ranging from 100% to 140% of AMT. Fibularis longus MEP amplitudes were greater in control participants than in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients bilaterally at 100% AMT (control involved limb: 0.023 ± 0.031; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> involved limb: 0.014 ± 0.008; control uninvolved limb: 0.021 ± 0.022; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> uninvolved limb: 0.015 ± 0.007; F1,41 = 4.551, P = .04) and 105% AMT (control involved limb: 0.029 ± 0.026; <span class="hlt">CAI</span> involved limb: 0.021 ± 0</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3922219','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3922219"><span>Activation of Src and release of intracellular calcium by phosphatidic acid during Xenopus laevis fertilization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bates, Ryan C.; Fees, Colby P.; Holland, William L.; Winger, Courtney C.; Batbayar, Khulan; Ancar, Rachel; Bergren, Todd; Petcoff, Douglas; Stith, Bradley J.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We report a new step in the fertilization in Xenopus laevis which has been found to involve activation of Src tyrosine kinase to stimulate phospholipase C-γ (PLC- γ) which increases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to release intracellular calcium ([<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span>). Molecular species analysis and mass measurements suggested that sperm activate phospholipase D (PLD) to elevate phosphatidic acid (PA). We now report that PA mass increased 2.7 fold by 1 minute after insemination and inhibition of PA production by two methods inhibited activation of Src and PLCγ, increased [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> and other fertilization events. As compared to 14 other lipids, PA strongly bound Xenopus Src but not PLCγ. Addition of synthetic PA activated egg Src (an <span class="hlt">action</span> requiring intact lipid rafts) and PLCγ as well as doubling the amount of PLCγ in rafts. In the absence of elevated [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span>, PA addition elevated IP3 mass to levels equivalent to that induced by sperm (but twice that achieved by calcium ionophore). Finally, PA induced [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> release that was blocked by an IP3 receptor inhibitor. As only PLD1b message was detected, and Western blotting did not detect PLD2, we suggest that sperm activate PLD1b to elevate PA which then binds to and activates Src leading to PLCγ stimulation, IP3 elevation and [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> release. Due to these and other studies, PA may also play a role in membrane fusion events such as sperm-egg fusion, cortical granule exocytosis, the elevation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the large, late increase in sn 1,2-diacylglycerol in fertilization. PMID:24269904</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269904','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269904"><span>Activation of Src and release of intracellular calcium by phosphatidic acid during Xenopus laevis fertilization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bates, Ryan C; Fees, Colby P; Holland, William L; Winger, Courtney C; Batbayar, Khulan; Ancar, Rachel; Bergren, Todd; Petcoff, Douglas; Stith, Bradley J</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>We report a new step in the fertilization in Xenopus laevis which has been found to involve activation of Src tyrosine kinase to stimulate phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) which increases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to release intracellular calcium ([<span class="hlt">Ca](i</span>)). Molecular species analysis and mass measurements suggested that sperm activate phospholipase D (PLD) to elevate phosphatidic acid (PA). We now report that PA mass increased 2.7 fold by 1 min after insemination and inhibition of PA production by two methods inhibited activation of Src and PLCγ, increased [<span class="hlt">Ca](i</span>) and other fertilization events. As compared to 14 other lipids, PA specifically bound Xenopus Src but not PLCγ. Addition of synthetic PA activated egg Src (an <span class="hlt">action</span> requiring intact lipid rafts) and PLCγ as well as doubling the amount of PLCγ in rafts. In the absence of elevated [<span class="hlt">Ca](i</span>), PA addition elevated IP3 mass to levels equivalent to that induced by sperm (but twice that achieved by calcium ionophore). Finally, PA induced [<span class="hlt">Ca](i</span>) release that was blocked by an IP3 receptor inhibitor. As only PLD1b message was detected, and Western blotting did not detect PLD2, we suggest that sperm activate PLD1b to elevate PA which then binds to and activates Src leading to PLCγ stimulation, IP3 elevation and [<span class="hlt">Ca](i</span>) release. Due to these and other studies, PA may also play a role in membrane fusion events such as sperm-egg fusion, cortical granule exocytosis, the elevation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the large, late increase in sn 1,2-diacylglycerol in fertilization. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1079471','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1079471"><span>Texas Solar Collaboration <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Winland, Chris</p> <p>2013-02-14</p> <p>Texas Solar Collaboration Permitting and Interconenction Process Improvement <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan. San Antonio-specific; <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> feasibility of using electronic signatures; <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> feasibility of enabling other online permitting processes (e.g., commercial); Assess need for future document management and workflow/notification IT improvements; Update Information Bulletin 153 regarding City requirements and processes for PV; Educate contractors and public on CPS Energy’s new 2013 solar program processes; Continue to discuss “downtown grid” interconnection issues and identify potential solutions; Consider renaming Distributed Energy Resources (DER); and Continue to participate in collaborative <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28627281','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28627281"><span>Mirroring "meaningful" <span class="hlt">actions</span>: sensorimotor learning modulates imitation of goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Catmur, Caroline; Heyes, Cecilia</p> <p>2017-06-19</p> <p>Imitation is important in the development of social and technological skills throughout the lifespan. Experiments <span class="hlt">investigating</span> the acquisition and modulation of imitation (and of its proposed neural substrate, the mirror neuron system) have produced evidence that the capacity for imitation depends on associative learning in which connections are formed between sensory and motor representations of <span class="hlt">actions</span>. However, evidence that the development of imitation depends on associative learning has been found only for non-goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. One reason for the lack of research on goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> is that imitation of such <span class="hlt">actions</span> is commonly confounded with the tendency to respond in a spatially compatible manner. However, since the most prominent account of mirror neuron function, and hence of imitation, suggests that these cells encode goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>, it is important to establish whether sensorimotor learning can also modulate imitation of goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Experiment 1 demonstrated that imitation of goal-directed grasping can be measured while controlling for spatial compatibility, and Experiment 2 showed that this imitation effect can be modulated by sensorimotor training. Together these data support the hypothesis that the capacity for behavioural imitation, and the properties of the mirror neuron system, are constructed in the course of development through associative learning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA13A2163O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA13A2163O"><span>A multi-agency <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of Heat and human Health relationships in the state of Vermont: Towards <span class="hlt">actionable</span> science.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oswald, E.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This talk focuses on an assemblage of work conducted primarily between the Vermont State Climate Office and the Vermont Department of Health for better understanding, communicating, and anticipating the impact which elevated air temperatures have, and my have in the future, on public health. This is an example in how several agencies, spanning scientific fields and levels, can all play roles in in producing important understanding and <span class="hlt">actionable</span> consequences in the face of health risk. This talk starts with an <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of the relationships between Vermont health statistics and daily maximum air temperature with a focus on the temperatures where the health statistics changed most rapidly with temperature changes, or "changepoints". The results of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span> suggested that meaningful temperature changepoints exist below 90F. The local WFO considered a day as "hot" when it reached or exceeded 90F unless the day was particularly sunny and humid. Discussions with the local National Weather Service Forecast Office were productive and led to some rethinking of how they consider a "Hot" day. The changepoints information was also incorporated into a health impacts report prepared by the Vermont Department of Health for the CDC's Building Resilience Against Climate Effects, by utilizing climate indices tailored to a temperature less than 90F. This work stands as a demonstration that the co-production of knowledge can produce <span class="hlt">actionable</span> science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874377','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4874377"><span>Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bowker, Samantha; Terada, Masafumi; Thomas, Abbey C.; Pietrosimone, Brian G.; Hiller, Claire E.; Gribble, Phillip A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context:  Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Few <span class="hlt">investigators</span> have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group. Objective:  To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, copers, and healthy controls. Design:  Case-control study. Setting:  Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Thirty-seven participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants. Main Outcome Measure(s):  We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex : maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (°). Results:  Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> compared with copers and control participants (P = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity. Conclusion:  Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. PMID:27065189</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975930','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975930"><span>An <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of the antidepressant <span class="hlt">action</span> of xiaoyaosan in rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with metabonomics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gao, Xiao-Xia; Cui, Jie; Zheng, Xing-Yu; Li, Zhen-Yu; Choi, Young-Hae; Zhou, Yu-Zhi; Tian, Jun-Sheng; Xing, Jie; Tan, Xiao-Jie; Du, Guan-Hua; Qin, Xue-Mei</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>A rapid, highly sensitive, and selective method was applied in a non-invasive way to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the antidepressant <span class="hlt">action</span> of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and chemometrics. Many significantly altered metabolites were used to explain the mechanism. Venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl were used as chemical positive control drugs with a relatively clear mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> to evaluate the efficiency and to predict the mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> of XYS. Urine obtained from rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was analyzed by UPLC-MS. Distinct changes in the pattern of metabolites in the rat urine after CUMS production and drug intervention were observed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results of behavioral tests and multivariate analysis showed that CUMS was successfully reproduced, and a moderate-dose XYS produced significant therapeutic effects in the rodent model, equivalent to those of the positive control drugs, venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl. Metabolites with significant changes induced by CUMS were identified, and 17 biomarker candidates for stress and drug intervention were identified. The therapeutic effect of XYS on depression may involve regulation of the dysfunctions of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microflora changes. Metabonomic methods are valuable tools for measuring efficacy and mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> in the study of traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28391722','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28391722"><span>Eversion Strength and Surface Electromyography Measures With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability Measured in 2 Positions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Donnelly, Lindsy; Donovan, Luke; Hart, Joseph M; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) have demonstrated strength deficits compared to healthy controls; however, the influence of ankle position on force measures and surface electromyography (sEMG) activation of the peroneus longus and brevis has not been <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. The purpose of this study was to compare sEMG amplitudes of the peroneus longus and brevis and eversion force measures in 2 testing positions, neutral and plantarflexion, in groups with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Twenty-eight adults (19 females, 9 males) with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 28 healthy controls (19 females, 9 males) participated. Hand-held dynamometer force measures were assessed during isometric eversion contractions in 2 testing positions (neutral, plantarflexion) while surface sEMG amplitudes of the peroneal muscles were recorded. Force measures were normalized to body mass, and sEMG amplitudes were normalized to a resting period. The group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> demonstrated less force when compared to the control group ( P < .001) in both the neutral and plantarflexion positions: neutral position, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 1.64 Nm/kg and control: 2.10 Nm/kg) and plantarflexion position, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>: 1.40 Nm/kg and control: 1.73 Nm/kg). There were no differences in sEMG amplitudes between the groups or muscles ( P > .05). Force measures correlated with both muscles' sEMG amplitudes in the healthy group (neutral peroneus longus: r = 0.42, P = .03; plantarflexion peroneus longus: r = 0.56, P = .002; neutral peroneus brevis: r = 0.38, P = .05; plantarflexion peroneus longus: r = 0.40, P = .04), but not in the group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ( P > .05). The group with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> generated less force when compared to the control group during both testing positions. There was no selective activation of the peroneal muscles with testing in both positions, and force output and sEMG activity was only related in the healthy group. Clinicians should assess eversion strength and implement strength training exercises in different sagittal plane positions and evaluate for other</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec4-07-15.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol1-sec4-07-15.pdf"><span>46 CFR 4.07-15 - Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on. 4.07-15 Section 4.07-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE CASUALTIES AND <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 4.07-15 Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on. Where the recommendations of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec4-07-15.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol1-sec4-07-15.pdf"><span>46 CFR 4.07-15 - Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on. 4.07-15 Section 4.07-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE CASUALTIES AND <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> § 4.07-15 Recommendations, <span class="hlt">action</span> on. Where the recommendations of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.15 - Institution of <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE DIVERSION, AND REVIEW OF RELIEF <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> Relating to Global Safeguard <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 206.15 Institution of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.15 - Institution of <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE DIVERSION, AND REVIEW OF RELIEF <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> Relating to Global Safeguard <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 206.15 Institution of...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.15 - Institution of <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE DIVERSION, AND REVIEW OF RELIEF <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> Relating to Global Safeguard <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 206.15 Institution of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.15 - Institution of <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE DIVERSION, AND REVIEW OF RELIEF <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span> <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> Relating to Global Safeguard <span class="hlt">Actions</span> § 206.15 Institution of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840908','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/840908"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 224: Decon Pad and Septic Systems Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Rev. No.: 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>David A. Strand</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document has been prepared for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 224, Decon Pad and Septic Systems, in Areas 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, in accordance with the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order'' (1996). Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 224 is comprised of the following corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): (1) 02-04-01, Septic Tank (Buried); (2) 03-05-01, Leachfield; (3) 05-04-01, Septic Tanks (4)/Discharge Area; (4) 06-03-01, Sewage Lagoons (3); (5) 06-05-01, Leachfield; (6) 06-17-04, Decon Pad and Wastewater Catch; (7) 06-23-01, Decon Pad Discharge Piping; (8) 11-04-01, Sewage Lagoon; and (9) 23-05-02,more » Leachfield. The purpose of this Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document is to identify and provide the rationale for the recommendation of a corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative for the nine CASs within CAU 224. Corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities were performed from August 10, 2004, through January 18, 2005, as set forth in the CAU 224 Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> Plan.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474297','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474297"><span>Prevalence of chronic ankle instability and associated symptoms in university dance majors: an exploratory study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simon, Janet; Hall, Emily; Docherty, Carrie</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Previous <span class="hlt">investigations</span> have established that dancers suffer a large number of injuries to the lower leg, foot, and ankle, with a portion of these being significant time loss injuries or in some cases career ending. Lateral ankle sprain is a common injury in dancers and can often lead to recurrent instability and repetitive injuries. Research in other active populations has linked ankle sprains to the development of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and related symptoms of ankle sprain in a student dance population. Individuals were included if they were currently a modern or ballet dance major at the <span class="hlt">investigators</span>' university (exclusion criterion: a history of fracture or surgery in the lower extremities). A self-reported demographic questionnaire and the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability survey were used to identify the presence and characteristics of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. A total of 83 questionnaires were collected, and after exclusions, 77 participants remained: 43 modern dancers and 34 ballet dancers (10 males and 67 females, mean age 19.61 ± 2.53 years, mean dance experience 13.61 ± 3.16 years). Of all dancers surveyed, 41 (53.2%) had <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and of those 24 (58.5%) were modern dancers, and 17 (41.5%) were ballet dancers. When looking only at those dancers who had a previous lateral ankle sprain, 75.9% were identified as having <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Chronic Ankle Instability can create long-term problems for anyone but especially female dancers, who place extreme stress on their feet and ankles from being en pointe or demi-pointe. It is important to educate dancers, instructors, and medical staff of the importance of recognizing <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and seeking medical care for ankle sprains and their residual symptoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362432"><span>A method for evaluating competency in assessment and management of suicide risk.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hung, Erick K; Binder, Renée L; Fordwood, Samantha R; Hall, Stephen E; Cramer, Robert J; McNiel, Dale E</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Although health professionals increasingly are expected to be able to assess and manage patients' risk for suicide, few methods are available to evaluate this competency. This report describes development of a competency-assessment instrument for suicide risk-assessment (<span class="hlt">CAI-S</span>), and evaluates its use in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The authors developed the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> on the basis of the literature on suicide risk-assessment and management, and consultation with faculty focus groups from three sites in a large academic psychiatry department. The <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> structures faculty ratings regarding interviewing and data collection, case formulation and presentation, treatment-planning, and documentation. To evaluate the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span>, 31 faculty members used it to rate the performance of 31 learners (26 psychiatric residents and 5 clinical psychology interns) who participated in an OSCE. After interviewing a standardized patient, learners presented their risk-assessment findings and treatment plans. Faculty used the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> to structure feedback to the learners. In a subsidiary study of interrater reliability, six faculty members rated video-recorded suicide risk-assessments. The <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> showed good internal consistency, reliability, and interrater reliability. Concurrent validity was supported by the finding that <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> ratings were higher for senior learners than junior learners, and were higher for learners with more clinical experience with suicidal patients than learners with less clinical experience. Faculty and learners rated the method as helpful for structuring feedback and supervision. The findings support the usefulness of the <span class="hlt">CAI-S</span> for evaluating competency in suicide risk-assessment and management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=complex+AND+systems+AND+applied+AND+linguistic&id=EJ927997','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=complex+AND+systems+AND+applied+AND+linguistic&id=EJ927997"><span>Exploring the Utility of <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research to <span class="hlt">Investigate</span> Second-Language Classrooms as Complex Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ahmadian, Mohammad Javad; Tavakoli, Mansoor</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> research is geared to changes for the better and has the potential to assist teachers to extend their teaching skills and develop a deeper understanding of themselves, their classroom and their learners. However, in the area of applied linguistics, the viability of <span class="hlt">action</span> research has been seriously questioned. In this article, we argue…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5650990','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5650990"><span>A Systematic <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of the Effect of <span class="hlt">Action</span> Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kim, Taeho; Frank, Cornelia; Schack, Thomas</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> observation training and motor imagery training have independently been studied and considered as an effective training strategy for improving motor skill learning. However, comparative studies of the two training strategies are relatively few. The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the effects of <span class="hlt">action</span> observation training and motor imagery training on the development of mental representation structure and golf putting performance as well as the relation between the changes in mental representation structure and skill performance during the early learning stage. Forty novices were randomly assigned to one of four groups: <span class="hlt">action</span> observation training, motor imagery training, physical practice and no practice. The mental representation structure and putting performance were measured before and after 3 days of training, then after a 2-day retention period. The results showed that mental representation structure and the accuracy of the putting performance were improved over time through the two types of cognitive training (i.e., <span class="hlt">action</span> observation training and motor imagery training). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between changes in mental representation structure and skill performance for the <span class="hlt">action</span> observation training group only. Taken together, these results suggest that both cognitive adaptations and skill improvement occur through the training of the two simulation states of <span class="hlt">action</span>, and that perceptual-cognitive changes are associated with the change of skill performance for <span class="hlt">action</span> observation training. PMID:29089881</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4067566','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4067566"><span>Objects tell us what <span class="hlt">action</span> we can expect: dissociating brain areas for retrieval and exploitation of <span class="hlt">action</span> knowledge during <span class="hlt">action</span> observation in fMRI</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schubotz, Ricarda I.; Wurm, Moritz F.; Wittmann, Marco K.; von Cramon, D. Yves</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Objects are reminiscent of <span class="hlt">actions</span> often performed with them: knife and apple remind us on peeling the apple or cutting it. Mnemonic representations of object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> (<span class="hlt">action</span> codes) evoked by the sight of an object may constrain and hence facilitate recognition of unrolling <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The present fMRI study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> if and how <span class="hlt">action</span> codes influence brain activation during <span class="hlt">action</span> observation. The average number of <span class="hlt">action</span> codes (NAC) of 51 sets of objects was rated by a group of n = 24 participants. In an fMRI study, different volunteers were asked to recognize <span class="hlt">actions</span> performed with the same objects presented in short videos. To disentangle areas reflecting the storage of <span class="hlt">action</span> codes from those exploiting them, we showed object-compatible and object-incompatible (pantomime) <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Areas storing <span class="hlt">action</span> codes were considered to positively co-vary with NAC in both object-compatible and object-incompatible <span class="hlt">action</span>; due to its role in tool-related tasks, we here hypothesized left anterior inferior parietal cortex (aIPL). In contrast, areas exploiting <span class="hlt">action</span> codes were expected to show this correlation only in object-compatible but not incompatible <span class="hlt">action</span>, as only object-compatible <span class="hlt">actions</span> match one of the active <span class="hlt">action</span> codes. For this interaction, we hypothesized ventrolateral premotor cortex (PMv) to join aIPL due to its role in biasing competition in IPL. We found left anterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) to co-vary with NAC. In addition to these areas, <span class="hlt">action</span> codes increased activity in object-compatible <span class="hlt">action</span> in bilateral PMv, right IPS, and lateral occipital cortex (LO). Findings suggest that during <span class="hlt">action</span> observation, the brain derives possible <span class="hlt">actions</span> from perceived objects, and uses this information to shape <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition. In particular, the number of expectable <span class="hlt">actions</span> quantifies the activity level at PMv, IPL, and pMTG, but only PMv reflects their biased competition while observed <span class="hlt">action</span> unfolds</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/office-inspector-general/notification-audit-epas-processes-managing-background-investigations','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/office-inspector-general/notification-audit-epas-processes-managing-background-investigations"><span>Notification: Audit of EPA's Processes for Managing Background <span class="hlt">Investigations</span> of Privileged Users and Taking <span class="hlt">Action</span> to Remediate Weaknesses in Agency's Information Security Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Project #OA-FY17-0139, Feb 15, 2017.The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on an audit of EPA's processes for managing background <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of privileged users and taking <span class="hlt">action</span> to remediate weaknesses in agency's info security program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA081872','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA081872"><span>Annual Progress Report, January 1, 1969 through December 31, 1969.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1970-02-01</p> <p>or extended. E. The Role of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in Curriculum Revision I The Intermediate Science Curriculum Study (ISCS)* (Dr. Ernest Burkman, i Director and Dr David...Educational Research, FSU. Henry T. Lippert , Ed.D., 1967, Education, University of Illinois, Research Associate in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Center and Assistant...Walter Dick, and Henry T Lippert , Tech Report 3, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 1968 "A Systematic <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of Three Facets of Programmed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20437849','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20437849"><span>You're it! How to psychologically survive an internal <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, disciplinary proceeding, or legal <span class="hlt">action</span> in the police, fire, medical, mental health, legal, or emergency services professions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miller, Laurence</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Rightly or wrongly, law enforcement, public safety, medical, mental health, legal, and emergency services professionals may have to face internal <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, disciplinary measures, license suspension, criminal prosecution, civil lawsuits, and/or personal life disruption related to <span class="hlt">actions</span> taken in the course of their work. This article describes the main categories of misconduct--or simply mistakes--that can cause different types of professionals to be <span class="hlt">investigated</span>, charged, prosecuted, and/or sued. It next discusses the kinds of psychological reactions commonly seen in workers who face these kinds of proceedings. Finally, the article offers a set of practical psychological coping strategies and procedural recommendations for dealing with the stresses of an <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, administrative <span class="hlt">action</span>, or litigation, and for mitigating their effects on one's life and career.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=brand+AND+image&pg=5&id=EJ849763','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=brand+AND+image&pg=5&id=EJ849763"><span>Infants Prefer Motionese to Adult-Directed <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brand, Rebecca J.; Shallcross, Wendy L.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>In two studies, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> infants' preference for infant-directed (ID) <span class="hlt">action</span> or "motionese" (Brand, Baldwin & Ashburn, 2002) relative to adult-directed (AD) <span class="hlt">action</span>. In Study 1, full-featured videos were shown to 32 6- to 8-month-olds, who demonstrated a strong preference for ID <span class="hlt">action</span>. In Study 2, infants at 6-8 months (n= 28) and 11-13…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3593311','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3593311"><span>Triggered Firing and Atrial Fibrillation in Transgenic Mice With Selective Atrial Fibrosis Induced by Overexpression of TGF-β1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Choi, Eue-Keun; Chang, Po-Cheng; Lee, Young-Soo; Lin, Shien-Fong; Zhu, Wuqiang; Maruyama, Mitsunori; Fishbein, Michael C.; Chen, Zhenhui; der Lohe, Michael Rubart-von; Field, Loren J.; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background Calcium transient triggered firing (CTTF) is induced by large intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transient and short <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration (APD). We hypothesized that CTTF underlies the mechanisms of early afterdepolarization (EAD) and spontaneous recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) in transgenic (Tx) mice with overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Methods and Results MHC-TGFcys33ser Tx mice develop atrial fibrosis because of elevated levels of TGF-β1. We studied membrane potential and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients of isolated superfused atria from Tx and wild-type (Wt) littermates. Short APD and persistently elevated <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients promoted spontaneous repetitive EADs, triggered activity and spontaneous AF after cessation of burst pacing in Tx but not Wt atria (39% vs. 0%, P=0.008). We were able to map optically 4 episodes of spontaneous AF re-initiation. All first and second beats of spontaneous AF originated from the right atrium (4/4, 100%), which is more severely fibrotic than the left atrium. Ryanodine and thapsigargin inhibited spontaneous re-initiation of AF in all 7 Tx atria tested. Western blotting showed no significant changes of calsequestrin or sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a. Conclusions Spontaneous AF may occur in the Tx atrium because of CTTF, characterized by APD shortening, prolonged <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transient, EAD and triggered activity. Inhibition of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum suppressed spontaneous AF. Our results indicate that CTTF is an important arrhythmogenic mechanism in TGF-β1 Tx atria. PMID:22447020</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556221','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556221"><span><span class="hlt">Investigation</span> into the mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> of essential oil of Pistacia integerrima for its antiasthmatic activity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shirole, R L; Shirole, N L; Kshatriya, A A; Kulkarni, R; Saraf, M N</p> <p>2014-05-14</p> <p>Pistacia integerrima J.L. Stewart ex Brandis locally known as Karkatashringi is an important medicinal plant whose galls are valued in traditional medicine used in India for the treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, phthisis, diarrhea, fever, other ailments for the respiratory tract, and as antispasmodic, carminative, antiamoebic and anthelmintic. However, in vitro and in vivo <span class="hlt">investigations</span> providing new insights into its pharmacological properties have not been thoroughly <span class="hlt">investigated</span> yet. The present <span class="hlt">investigation</span> aimed to elucidate the probable mechanism of antiasthmatic <span class="hlt">action</span> of essential oil of Pistacia integerrima J.L. Stewart ex Brandis galls (EOPI). EOPI was tested using in vitro studies such as antioxidant activity, mast cell degranulation, angiogenesis, isolated guinea pig ileum preparation and soyabean lipoxidase enzyme activity. In vivo studies included lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchial inflammation in rats and airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin in sensitized guinea pigs using spirometry. EOPI (5-30 µg/ml) inhibits 5-lipoxidase enzyme activity with IC50 of 19.71 µg/ml and DPPH scavenging activity up to 100 µg/ml with maximum inhibition of 44.93 ± 2.53% at 100 µg/ml. Pre-treatment with EOPI inhibited erythropoietin-induced angiogenesis. It showed dose dependent (10, 30 and 100 µg/ml) anti-allergic activity by inhibiting compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation to an extent 19.08 ± 0.47%. The finding that essential oil induced inhibition of transient contraction of acetylcholine in calcium free medium, and relaxation of S-(-)-Bay 8644-precontracted isolated guinea pig ileum jointly suggests that the L-subtype Cav channel is involved in spasmolytic <span class="hlt">action</span> of EOPI. Treatment with EOPI dose dependently (7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg i.p.) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in total cell count, neutrophil count, nitrate-nitrite, total protein, albumin levels in bronchoalveolar fluid and myeloperoxidase levels in lung homogenates</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027850','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027850"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 547: Miscellaneous Contaminated Waste Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mark Krauss</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>The purpose of this CADD/CAP is to present the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives (CAAs) evaluated for CAU 547, provide justification for selection of the recommended alternative, and describe the plan for implementing the selected alternative. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 547 consists of the following three corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs): (1) CAS 02-37-02, Gas Sampling Assembly; (2) CAS 03-99-19, Gas Sampling Assembly; and(3) CAS 09-99-06, Gas Sampling Assembly. The gas sampling assemblies consist of inactive process piping, equipment, and instrumentation that were left in place after completion of underground safety experiments. The purpose of these safety experiments was to confirm that a nuclearmore » explosion would not occur in the case of an accidental detonation of the high-explosive component of the device. The gas sampling assemblies allowed for the direct sampling of the gases and particulates produced by the safety experiments. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 02-37-02 is located in Area 2 of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and is associated with the Mullet safety experiment conducted in emplacement borehole U2ag on October 17, 1963. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 03-99-19 is located in Area 3 of the NNSS and is associated with the Tejon safety experiment conducted in emplacement borehole U3cg on May 17, 1963. Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Site 09-99-06 is located in Area 9 of the NNSS and is associated with the Player safety experiment conducted in emplacement borehole U9cc on August 27, 1964. The CAU 547 CASs were <span class="hlt">investigated</span> in accordance with the data quality objectives (DQOs) developed by representatives of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. The DQO process was used to identify and define the type, amount, and quality of data needed to determine and implement appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> for CAU 547. Existing radiological survey data and historical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=lazarus&id=EJ863221','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=lazarus&id=EJ863221"><span>Children's <span class="hlt">Actions</span> when Experiencing Domestic Violence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Overlien, Carolina; Hyden, Margareta</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this article is, by analysing children's discourses, to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> their <span class="hlt">actions</span> or absence of <span class="hlt">actions</span> during a domestic violence episode. The empirical data are recorded group therapy sessions and individual interviews with children who have grown up experiencing their fathers' violence against their mothers. The analysis shows that…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1118093.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1118093.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> Pedagogical Content Knowledge-in-<span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Taylan, Rukiye Didem; da Ponte, João Pedro</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This article <span class="hlt">investigates</span> the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of a teacher educator who teaches 5th-grade mathematics in a school in the context of a university-school partnership project. PCK is analyzed in a qualitative way through video-taped classroom episodes with focus on interactions between the teacher and the students as well as the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4433199','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4433199"><span>Development of a Learning-Oriented Computer Assisted Instruction Designed to Improve Skills in the Clinical Assessment of the Nutritional Status: A Pilot Evaluation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>García de Diego, Laura; Cuervo, Marta; Martínez, J. Alfredo</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is an effective tool for evaluating and training students and professionals. In this article we will present a learning-oriented <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, which has been developed for students and health professionals to acquire and retain new knowledge through the practice. A two-phase pilot evaluation was conducted, involving 8 nutrition experts and 30 postgraduate students, respectively. In each training session, the software developed guides users in the integral evaluation of a patient’s nutritional status and helps them to implement <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The program includes into the format clinical tools, which can be used to recognize possible patient’s needs, to improve the clinical reasoning and to develop professional skills. Among them are assessment questionnaires and evaluation criteria, cardiovascular risk charts, clinical guidelines and photographs of various diseases. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a complete software package easy to use and versatile, aimed at clinical specialists, medical staff, scientists, educators and clinical students, which can be used as a learning tool. This application constitutes an advanced method for students and health professionals to accomplish nutritional assessments combining theoretical and empirical issues, which can be implemented in their academic curriculum. PMID:25978456</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25978456','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25978456"><span>Development of a learning-oriented computer assisted instruction designed to improve skills in the clinical assessment of the nutritional status: a pilot evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>García de Diego, Laura; Cuervo, Marta; Martínez, J Alfredo</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is an effective tool for evaluating and training students and professionals. In this article we will present a learning-oriented <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, which has been developed for students and health professionals to acquire and retain new knowledge through the practice. A two-phase pilot evaluation was conducted, involving 8 nutrition experts and 30 postgraduate students, respectively. In each training session, the software developed guides users in the integral evaluation of a patient's nutritional status and helps them to implement <span class="hlt">actions</span>. The program includes into the format clinical tools, which can be used to recognize possible patient's needs, to improve the clinical reasoning and to develop professional skills. Among them are assessment questionnaires and evaluation criteria, cardiovascular risk charts, clinical guidelines and photographs of various diseases. This <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is a complete software package easy to use and versatile, aimed at clinical specialists, medical staff, scientists, educators and clinical students, which can be used as a learning tool. This application constitutes an advanced method for students and health professionals to accomplish nutritional assessments combining theoretical and empirical issues, which can be implemented in their academic curriculum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action&pg=4&id=EJ1129473','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action&pg=4&id=EJ1129473"><span>Understanding the Complexity of Teacher Reflection in <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Luttenberg, Johan; Meijer, Paulien; Oolbekkink-Marchand, Helma</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Reflection in <span class="hlt">action</span> research is a complex matter, as is <span class="hlt">action</span> research itself. In recent years, complexity science has regularly been called upon in order to more thoroughly understand the complexity of <span class="hlt">action</span> research. The present article <span class="hlt">investigates</span> the benefits that complexity science may yield for reflection in <span class="hlt">action</span> research. This article…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=critical+AND+incident+AND+interview&pg=6&id=EJ781800','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=critical+AND+incident+AND+interview&pg=6&id=EJ781800"><span>Putting <span class="hlt">Action</span> Back into <span class="hlt">Action</span> Planning: Experiences of Career Clients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Borgen, William A.; Maglio, Asa-Sophia T.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This study used the critical incident technique to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> what helped and hindered unemployed and career-changing people in implementing the <span class="hlt">action</span> plans they developed while participating in career or employment counseling. Information from interviews with 23 women and 16 men generated 9 categories of helping incidents and 9 categories of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf"><span>21 CFR 812.30 - FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. 812.30 Section 812.30...) MEDICAL DEVICES <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONAL</span> DEVICE EXEMPTIONS Application and Administrative <span class="hlt">Action</span> § 812.30 FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. (a) Approval or disapproval. FDA will notify the sponsor in writing of the date...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf"><span>21 CFR 812.30 - FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. 812.30 Section 812.30...) MEDICAL DEVICES <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONAL</span> DEVICE EXEMPTIONS Application and Administrative <span class="hlt">Action</span> § 812.30 FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. (a) Approval or disapproval. FDA will notify the sponsor in writing of the date...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf"><span>21 CFR 812.30 - FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. 812.30 Section 812.30...) MEDICAL DEVICES <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONAL</span> DEVICE EXEMPTIONS Application and Administrative <span class="hlt">Action</span> § 812.30 FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. (a) Approval or disapproval. FDA will notify the sponsor in writing of the date...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf"><span>21 CFR 812.30 - FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. 812.30 Section 812.30...) MEDICAL DEVICES <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONAL</span> DEVICE EXEMPTIONS Application and Administrative <span class="hlt">Action</span> § 812.30 FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. (a) Approval or disapproval. FDA will notify the sponsor in writing of the date...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol8/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol8-sec812-30.pdf"><span>21 CFR 812.30 - FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. 812.30 Section 812.30...) MEDICAL DEVICES <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONAL</span> DEVICE EXEMPTIONS Application and Administrative <span class="hlt">Action</span> § 812.30 FDA <span class="hlt">action</span> on applications. (a) Approval or disapproval. FDA will notify the sponsor in writing of the date...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action+AND+motion&pg=2&id=EJ1124312','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=action+AND+motion&pg=2&id=EJ1124312"><span>Infants Prospectively Control Reaching Based on the Difficulty of Future <span class="hlt">Actions</span>: To What Extent Can Infants' Multiple-Step <span class="hlt">Actions</span> Be Explained by Fitts' Law?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Gottwald, Janna M.; De Bortoli Vizioli, Aurora; Lindskog, Marcus; Nyström, Pär; L. Ekberg, Therese; von Hofsten, Claes; Gredebäck, Gustaf</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Prospective motor control, a key element of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning, is the ability to adjust one's <span class="hlt">actions</span> with respect to task demands and <span class="hlt">action</span> goals in an anticipatory manner. The current study <span class="hlt">investigates</span> whether 14-month-olds can prospectively control their reaching <span class="hlt">actions</span> based on the difficulty of the subsequent <span class="hlt">action</span>. We used a reach-to-place…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22CPU%22&pg=3&id=ED022687','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22CPU%22&pg=3&id=ED022687"><span>Computer-Assisted Instruction Guide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Entelek, Inc., Newburyport, MA.</p> <p></p> <p>Provided is a compilation of abstracts of currently available computer-assisted instructional (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) programs. The guide contains the specifications of all operational <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs that have come under the surveillance of ENTELEK's <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Information Exchange since its establishment in 1965. A total of 226 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> programs by 160 authors at 38 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> centers…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17116770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17116770"><span>Intracellular calcium and vulnerability to fibrillation and defibrillation in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gyo-Seung; Hayashi, Hideki; Tang, Liang; Ogawa, Masahiro; Hernandez, Heidy; Tan, Alex Y; Li, Hongmei; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S; Weiss, James N; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2006-12-12</p> <p>The role of intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>)) in defibrillation and vulnerability is unclear. We simultaneously mapped epicardial membrane potential and <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) during shock on T-wave episodes (n=104) and attempted defibrillation episodes (n=173) in 17 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. Unsuccessful and type B successful defibrillation shocks were followed by heterogeneous distribution of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>), including regions of low <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) surrounded by elevated <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) ("<span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkholes") 31+/-12 ms after shock. The first postshock activation then originated from the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole 53+/-14 ms after the shock. No sinkholes were present in type A successful defibrillation. A <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole also was present 39+/-32 ms after a shock on T that induced ventricular fibrillation, followed 22+/-15 ms later by propagated wave fronts that arose from the same site. This wave propagated to form a spiral wave and initiated ventricular fibrillation. Thapsigargin and ryanodine significantly decreased the upper limit of vulnerability and defibrillation threshold. We studied an additional 7 rabbits after left ventricular endocardial cryoablation, resulting in a thin layer of surviving epicardium. <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkholes occurred 31+/-12 ms after the shock, followed in 19+/-7 ms by first postshock activation in 63 episodes of unsuccessful defibrillation. At the <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole, the rise of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) preceded the rise of epicardial membrane potential in 5 episodes. There is a heterogeneous postshock distribution of <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>). The first postshock activation always occurs from a <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) sinkhole. The <span class="hlt">Ca(i</span>) prefluorescence at the first postshock early site suggests that reverse excitation-contraction coupling might be responsible for the initiation of postshock activations that lead to ventricular fibrillation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.G51A0864B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.G51A0864B"><span>Ground Based <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> of Electrostatic Accelerometer in HUST</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bai, Y.; Zhou, Z.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>High-precision electrostatic accelerometers with six degrees of freedom (DOF) acceleration measurement were successfully used in CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE missions which to measure the Earth's gravity field. In our group, space inertial sensor based on the capacitance transducer and electrostatic control technique has been <span class="hlt">investigated</span> for test of equivalence principle (TEPO), searching non-Newtonian force in micrometer range, and satellite Earth's field recovery. The significant techniques of capacitive position sensor with the noise level at 2×10-7pF/Hz1/2 and the μV/Hz1/2 level electrostatic actuator are carried out and all the six servo loop controls by using a discrete PID algorithm are realized in a FPGA device. For testing on ground, in order to compensate one g earth's gravity, the fiber torsion pendulum facility is adopt to measure the parameters of the electrostatic controlled inertial sensor such as the resolution, and the electrostatic stiffness, the cross couple between different DOFs. A short distance and a simple double capsule equipment the valid duration about 0.5 second is set up in our lab for the free fall tests of the engineering model which can directly verify the function of six DOF control. Meanwhile, high voltage suspension method is also realized and preliminary results show that the horizontal axis of acceleration noise is about 10-8m/s2/Hz1/2 level which limited mainly by the seismic noise. Reference: [1] Fen Gao, Ze-Bing Zhou, Jun Luo, Feasibility for Testing the Equivalence Principle with Optical Readout in Space, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(8) (2011) 080401. [2] Z. Zhu, Z. B. Zhou, L. <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, Y. Z. Bai, J. Luo, Electrostatic gravity gradiometer design for the advanced GOCE mission, Adv. Sp. Res. 51 (2013) 2269-2276. [3] Z B Zhou, L Liu, H B Tu, Y Z Bai, J Luo, Seismic noise limit for ground-based performance measurements of an inertial sensor using a torsion balance, Class. Quantum Grav. 27 (2010) 175012. [4] H B Tu, Y Z Bai, Z B Zhou, L Liu, L</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040199701&hterms=alkaline+acid+ph&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dalkaline%2Bacid%2Bph','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040199701&hterms=alkaline+acid+ph&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dalkaline%2Bacid%2Bph"><span>Cytoplasmic pH influences cytoplasmic calcium in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lin, H. S.; Hughes-Fulford, M.; Kumegawa, M.; Pitts, A. C.; Snowdowne, K. W.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>We found that the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was influenced by the type of pH buffer we used in the perfusing medium, suggesting that intracellular pH (pHi) might influence <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. To study this effect, the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> and pHi were monitored as we applied various experimental conditions known to change pHi. Exposure to NH4Cl caused a transient increase in both pHi and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> without a change in extracellular pH (pHo). Decreasing pHo and pHi by lowering the bicarbonate concentration of the medium decreased <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, and increasing pHi by the removal of 5% CO2 increased <span class="hlt">Cai</span>. Clamping pHi to known values with 10 microM nigericin, a potassium proton ionophore, also influenced <span class="hlt">Cai</span>: acid pHi lowered <span class="hlt">Cai</span>, whereas alkaline pHi increased it. The rise in <span class="hlt">Cai</span> appears to be very sensitive to the extracellular concentration of calcium, suggesting the existence of a pH-sensitive calcium influx mechanism. We conclude that physiologic changes in pH could modulate <span class="hlt">Cai</span> by controlling the influx of calcium ions and could change the time course of the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transient associated with hormonal activation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102937.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1102937.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Research: An Approach for the Teachers in Higher Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yasmeen, G.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research is a formative study of progress commonly practiced by teachers in schools. Basically an <span class="hlt">action</span> research is a spiral process that includes problem <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, taking <span class="hlt">action</span> & fact-finding about the result of <span class="hlt">action</span>. It enables a teacher to adopt/craft most appropriate strategy within its own teaching…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title12-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title12-vol6-sec747-22.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title12-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title12-vol6-sec747-22.pdf"><span>12 CFR 747.22 - Consolidation and severance of <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Consolidation and severance of <span class="hlt">actions</span>. 747.22... ADMINISTRATIVE <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, ADJUDICATIVE HEARINGS, RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE, AND <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 747.22 Consolidation and severance of <span class="hlt">actions</span>. (a) Consolidation. (1) On...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8798E..07T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8798E..07T"><span>Cardiac <span class="hlt">action</span> potential imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tian, Qinghai; Lipp, Peter; Kaestner, Lars</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> potentials in cardiac myocytes have durations in the order of magnitude of 100 milliseconds. In biomedical <span class="hlt">investigations</span> the documentation of the occurrence of <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials is often not sufficient, but a recording of the shape of an <span class="hlt">action</span> potential allows a functional estimation of several molecular players. Therefore a temporal resolution of around 500 images per second is compulsory. In the past such measurements have been performed with photometric approaches limiting the measurement to one cell at a time. In contrast, imaging allows reading out several cells at a time with additional spatial information. Recent developments in camera technologies allow the acquisition with the required speed and sensitivity. We performed <span class="hlt">action</span> potential imaging on isolated adult cardiomyocytes of guinea pigs utilizing the fluorescent membrane potential sensor di-8-ANEPPS and latest electron-multiplication CCD as well as scientific CMOS cameras of several manufacturers. Furthermore, we characterized the signal to noise ratio of <span class="hlt">action</span> potential signals of varying sets of cameras, dye concentrations and objective lenses. We ensured that di-8-ANEPPS itself did not alter <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials by avoiding concentrations above 5 μM. Based on these results we can conclude that imaging is a reliable method to read out <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials. Compared to conventional current-clamp experiments, this optical approach allows a much higher throughput and due to its contact free concept leaving the cell to a much higher degree undisturbed. <span class="hlt">Action</span> potential imaging based on isolated adult cardiomyocytes can be utilized in pharmacological cardiac safety screens bearing numerous advantages over approaches based on heterologous expression of hERG channels in cell lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716611','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716611"><span>Predictability of <span class="hlt">action</span> sub-steps modulates motor system activation during the observation of goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Braukmann, Ricarda; Bekkering, Harold; Hidding, Margreeth; Poljac, Edita; Buitelaar, Jan K; Hunnius, Sabine</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> perception and execution are linked in the human motor system, and researchers have proposed that this <span class="hlt">action</span>-observation matching system underlies our ability to predict observed behavior. If the motor system is indeed involved in the generation of <span class="hlt">action</span> predictions, activation should be modulated by the degree of predictability of an observed <span class="hlt">action</span>. This study used EEG and eye-tracking to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> whether and how predictability of an observed <span class="hlt">action</span> modulates motor system activation as well as behavioral predictions in the form of anticipatory eye-movements. Participants were presented with object-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> (e.g., making a cup of tea) consisting of three <span class="hlt">action</span> steps which increased in their predictability. While the goal of the first step was ambiguous (e.g., when making tea, one can first grab the teabag or the cup), the goals of the following steps became predictable over the course of the <span class="hlt">action</span>. Motor system activation was assessed by measuring attenuation of sensorimotor mu- and beta-oscillations. We found that mu- and beta-power were attenuated during observation, indicating general activation of the motor system. Importantly, predictive motor system activation, indexed by beta-band attenuation, increased for each <span class="hlt">action</span> step, showing strongest activation prior to the final (i.e. most predictable) step. Sensorimotor activity was related to participants' predictive eye-movements which also showed a modulation by <span class="hlt">action</span> step. Our results demonstrate that motor system activity and behavioral predictions become stronger for more predictable <span class="hlt">action</span> steps. The functional roles of sensorimotor oscillations in predicting other's <span class="hlt">actions</span> are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3325518','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3325518"><span>Habits, <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences, and reinforcement learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dezfouli, Amir; Balleine, Bernard W.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>It is now widely accepted that instrumental <span class="hlt">actions</span> can be either goal-directed or habitual; whereas the former are rapidly acquire and regulated by their outcome, the latter are reflexive, elicited by antecedent stimuli rather than their consequences. Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides an elegant description of goal-directed <span class="hlt">action</span>. Through exposure to states, <span class="hlt">actions</span> and rewards, the agent rapidly constructs a model of the world and can choose an appropriate <span class="hlt">action</span> based on quite abstract changes in environmental and evaluative demands. This model is powerful but has a problem explaining the development of habitual <span class="hlt">actions</span>. To account for habits, theorists have argued that another <span class="hlt">action</span> controller is required, called model-free RL, that does not form a model of the world but rather caches <span class="hlt">action</span> values within states allowing a state to select an <span class="hlt">action</span> based on its reward history rather than its consequences. Nevertheless, there are persistent problems with important predictions from the model; most notably the failure of model-free RL correctly to predict the insensitivity of habitual <span class="hlt">actions</span> to changes in the <span class="hlt">action</span>-reward contingency. Here, we suggest that introducing model-free RL in instrumental conditioning is unnecessary and demonstrate that reconceptualizing habits as <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences allows model-based RL to be applied to both goal-directed and habitual <span class="hlt">actions</span> in a manner consistent with what real animals do. This approach has significant implications for the way habits are currently <span class="hlt">investigated</span> and generates new experimental predictions. PMID:22487034</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503470.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503470.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Research: An Approach for the Teachers in Higher Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yasmeen, Ghazala</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Introduction: <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research is a formative study of progress commonly practiced by teachers in schools. Basically an <span class="hlt">action</span> research is a spiral process that includes problem <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, taking <span class="hlt">action</span> & fact-finding about the result of <span class="hlt">action</span>. It enables a teacher to adopt/craft most appropriate strategy within its own teaching environment.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598968','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598968"><span>Exclusion of androgen insensitivity syndrome in girls with inguinal hernias: current surgical practice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burge, D M; Sugarman, I S</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>To review the current approach of paediatric surgeons to the exclusion of androgen insensitivity syndrome (<span class="hlt">CAIS</span>) in girls with inguinal hernias (IH), a questionnaire was sent to all specialist paediatric surgeons in the United Kingdom and Ireland asking if they exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, how they exclude it, and what they say to parents preoperatively. In all, 32 surgeons responded (29%); 41% made no attempt to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> because they thought the incidence was too low to justify exclusion; 19(59%) excluded <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> at the time of surgery by assessment of the internal genitalia. Only 1 performed karyotyping primarily, and then only for bilateral IH. Although most would proceed to karyotyping if the primary assessment suggested <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, some would not. Of those who exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, only 1 mentions <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> preoperatively, 6 others mention gonadal inspection, and 12/19 (63%) make no comment. Thirty-one surgeons agreed to take part in a prospective study to define the incidence of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH. It is concluded that surgeons who exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH adopt different assessment methods, some of which may be unreliable. However, many do not attempt to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span>, believing the incidence to be too low. As the health and medicolegal consequences of failing to exclude <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> may be considerable, surgeons should consider changing their practice. A prospective study should be undertaken to determine the incidence of <span class="hlt">CAIS</span> in girls with IH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627415','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627415"><span>Selection-for-<span class="hlt">action</span> in visual search.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hannus, Aave; Cornelissen, Frans W; Lindemann, Oliver; Bekkering, Harold</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Grasping an object rather than pointing to it enhances processing of its orientation but not its color. Apparently, visual discrimination is selectively enhanced for a behaviorally relevant feature. In two experiments we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the limitations and targets of this bias. Specifically, in Experiment 1 we were interested to find out whether the effect is capacity demanding, therefore we manipulated the set-size of the display. The results indicated a clear cognitive processing capacity requirement, i.e. the magnitude of the effect decreased for a larger set size. Consequently, in Experiment 2, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> if the enhancement effect occurs only at the level of behaviorally relevant feature or at a level common to different features. Therefore we manipulated the discriminability of the behaviorally neutral feature (color). Again, results showed that this manipulation influenced the <span class="hlt">action</span> enhancement of the behaviorally relevant feature. Particularly, the effect of the color manipulation on the <span class="hlt">action</span> enhancement suggests that the <span class="hlt">action</span> effect is more likely to bias the competition between different visual features rather than to enhance the processing of the relevant feature. We offer a theoretical account that integrates the <span class="hlt">action</span>-intention effect within the biased competition model of visual selective attention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5076281','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5076281"><span>Changes in Postural Control After a Ball-Kicking Balance Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Conceição, Josilene Souza; Schaefer de Araújo, Felipe Gustavo; Santos, Gilmar Moraes; Keighley, John</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context:  Rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) generally involve balance-perturbation training (BPT). Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) are the primary strategies used to maintain equilibrium during body perturbations. Little is known, however, about how APAs and CPAs are modified to promote better postural control for individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> after BPT. Objective:  To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the effect of BPT that involves kicking a ball on postural-control strategies in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Design:  Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting:  Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  We randomly assigned 44 volunteers with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to either a training group (TG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 173.0 ± 9.8 cm, mass = 72.64 ± 11.98 kg) or control group (CG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 171.0 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.00 ± 11.03 kg). Intervention(s):  The TG performed a single 30-minute training session that involved kicking a ball while standing on 1 foot. The CG received no intervention. Main Outcome Measure(s):  The primary outcome was the sum of the integrated electromyographic activity (∑∫EMG) of the lower extremity muscles in the supporting limb that were calculated during typical intervals for APAs and CPAs. A secondary outcome was center-of-pressure displacement during similar intervals. Results:  In the TG after training, the ∑∫EMG decreased in both dorsal and ventral muscles during compensatory adjustment (ie, the time interval that followed lower limb movement). During this interval, muscle activity (∑∫EMG) was less in the TG than in the CG. Consequently, center-of-pressure displacement increased during the task after training. Conclusions:  A single session of ball-kicking BPT promoted changes in postural-control strategies in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. These results should stimulate new and more comprehensive studies to</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1157663','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1157663"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 571: Area 9 Yucca Flat Plutonium Dispersion Sites, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Matthews, Patrick</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide documentation and justification that no further corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> is needed for the closure of CAU 571 based on the implementation of corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span>. This includes a description of <span class="hlt">investigation</span> activities, an evaluation of the data, and a description of corrective <span class="hlt">actions</span> that were performed. The CAIP provides information relating to the scope and planning of the <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. Therefore, that information will not be repeated in this document.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2573049','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2573049"><span>Superiority of Biphasic Over Monophasic Defibrillation Shocks is Attributable to Less Intracellular Calcium Transient Heterogeneity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gyo-Seung; Tang, Liang; Joung, Boyoung; Morita, Norishige; Hayashi, Hideki; Karagueuzian, Hrayr S.; Weiss, James N.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Objectives To test the hypothesis that superiority of biphasic waveform (BW) over monophasic waveform (MW) defibrillation shocks is attributable to less intracellular calcium (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transient heterogeneity. Background The mechanism by which BW shocks have a higher defibrillation efficacy than MW shocks remains unclear. Methods We simultaneously mapped epicardial membrane potential (Vm) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> during 6 ms MW and 3/3 ms BW shocks in 19 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. After shock, the percentage of depolarized area was plotted over time. The maximum (peak) postshock values (VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P, respectively) were used to measure heterogeneity. Higher VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P imply less heterogeneity. Results The defibrillation threshold was for BW and MW shocks were 288±99 V and 399±155 V, respectively (p=0.0005). Successful BW shocks had higher VmP (88±9 %) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P (70±13 %) than unsuccessful MW shocks (VmP 76 %±10, p<0.001; <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P, 57±8 %, p<0.001) of the same shock strength. In contrast, for unsuccessful BW and MW shocks of the same shock strengths, the VmP and <span class="hlt">Cai</span>P were not significantly different. MW shocks more frequently created regions of low <span class="hlt">Cai</span> surrounded by regions of high <span class="hlt">Cai</span> (postshock <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkholes). The defibrillation threshold for MW and BW shocks became similar after disabling the sarcoplasmic reticulum with thapsigargin and ryanodine. Conclusions The greater efficacy of BW shocks is directly related to their less heterogeneous effects on shock-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients. Less heterogeneous <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transients reduces the probability of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole formation, thereby preventing the postshock reinitiation of VF. PMID:18755345</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24573853','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24573853"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> anticipation in human infants reveals assumptions about anteroposterior body-structure and <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hernik, Mikolaj; Fearon, Pasco; Csibra, Gergely</p> <p>2014-04-22</p> <p>Animal <span class="hlt">actions</span> are almost universally constrained by the bilateral body-plan. For example, the direction of travel tends to be constrained by the orientation of the animal's anteroposterior axis. Hence, an animal's behaviour can reliably guide the identification of its front and back, and its orientation can reliably guide <span class="hlt">action</span> prediction. We examine the hypothesis that the evolutionarily ancient relation between anteroposterior body-structure and behaviour guides our cognitive processing of agents and their <span class="hlt">actions</span>. In a series of studies, we demonstrate that, after limited exposure, human infants as young as six months of age spontaneously encode a novel agent as having a certain axial direction with respect to its <span class="hlt">actions</span> and rely on it when anticipating the agent's further behaviour. We found that such encoding is restricted to objects exhibiting cues of agency and does not depend on generalization from features of familiar animals. Our research offers a new tool for <span class="hlt">investigating</span> the perception of animate agency and supports the proposal that the underlying cognitive mechanisms have been shaped by basic biological adaptations in humans.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514911','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514911"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> learning across the decades.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eason, Ken</p> <p>2017-05-02</p> <p>Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how <span class="hlt">action</span> learning concepts were used in two healthcare projects undertaken many decades apart. The specific purpose in both cases was to examine how <span class="hlt">action</span> learning can contribute to shared learning across key stakeholders in a complex socio-technical system. In each case study, <span class="hlt">action</span> learning supported joint design programmes and the sharing of perspectives about the complex system under <span class="hlt">investigation</span>. Design/methodology/approach Two <span class="hlt">action</span> learning projects are described: first, the Hospital Internal Communications (HIC) project led by Reg Revans in the 1960s. Senior staff in ten London hospitals formed <span class="hlt">action</span> learning teams to address communication issues. Second, in the Better Outcomes for People with Learning Disabilities: Transforming Care (BOLDTC) project, videoconferencing equipment enabled people with learning disabilities to increase their opportunities to communicate. A mutual learning process was established to enable stakeholders to explore the potential of the technical system to improve individual care. Findings The HIC project demonstrated the importance of evidence being shared between team members and that <span class="hlt">action</span> had to engage the larger healthcare system outside the hospital. The BOLDTC project confirmed the continuing relevance of <span class="hlt">action</span> learning to healthcare today. Mutual learning was achieved between health and social care specialists and technologists. Originality/value This work draws together the socio-technical systems tradition (considering both social and technical issues in organisations) and <span class="hlt">action</span> learning to demonstrate that complex systems development needs to be undertaken as a learning process in which <span class="hlt">action</span> provides the fuel for learning and design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540581','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540581"><span>Double patch clamp reveals that transient fusion (kiss-and-run) is a major mechanism of secretion in calf adrenal chromaffin cells: high calcium shifts the mechanism from kiss-and-run to complete fusion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Elhamdani, Abdeladim; Azizi, Fouad; Artalejo, Cristina R</p> <p>2006-03-15</p> <p>Transient fusion ("kiss-and-run") is accepted as a mode of transmitter release both in central neurons and neuroendocrine cells, but the prevalence of this mechanism compared with full fusion is still in doubt. Using a novel double patch-clamp method (whole cell/cell attached), permitting the recording of unitary capacitance events while stimulating under a variety of conditions including <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials, we show that transient fusion is the predominant (>90%) mode of secretion in calf adrenal chromaffin cells. Raising intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span>) from 10 to 200 microM increases the incidence of full fusion events at the expense of transient fusion. Blocking rapid endocytosis that normally terminates transient fusion events also promotes full fusion events. Thus, [<span class="hlt">Ca]i</span> controls the transition between transient and full fusion, each of which is coupled to different modes of endocytosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26067161','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26067161"><span>Altered visual focus on sensorimotor control in people with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Terada, Masafumi; Ball, Lindsay M; Pietrosimone, Brian G; Gribble, Phillip A</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this <span class="hlt">investigation</span> was to examine the effects of the combination of chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and altered visual focus on strategies for dynamic stability during a drop-jump task. Nineteen participants with self-reported <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 19 healthy participants performed a drop-jump task in looking-up and looking-down conditions. For the looking-up condition, participants looked up and read a random number that flashed on a computer monitor. For the looking-down condition, participants focused their vision on the force plate. Sagittal- and frontal-plane kinematics in the hip, knee and ankle were calculated at the time points of 100 ms pre-initial foot contact to ground and at IC. The resultant vector time to stabilisation was calculated with ground reaction force data. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group demonstrated less hip flexion at the point of 100 ms pre-initial contact (P < 0.01), and less hip flexion (P = 0.03) and knee flexion at initial contact (P = 0.047) compared to controls. No differences in kinematics or dynamic stability were observed in either looking-up or looking-down conditions (P > 0.05). Altered visual focus did not influence movement patterns during the drop-jump task, but the presence of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> did. The current data suggests that centrally mediated changes associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may lead to global alterations in the sensorimotor control.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838571','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838571"><span>Self-regulation by industry of food marketing is having little impact during children's preferred television.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Potvin Kent, Monique; Dubois, Lise; Wanless, Alissa</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>To examine the efficacy of self-regulation of food marketing to children by comparing, during children's preferred viewing on television, the differences in food/beverage marketing between two groups of corporations: 17 corporations participating in the Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and 35 corporations not participating (non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in this initiative. The food/beverage marketing activities of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> corporations during 99.5 hours of children's preferred viewing on television were compared. First, the preferred television viewing of 272 children aged 10-12 years from Ontario and Quebec who completed TV viewing journals for a seven-day period was determined. A total of 32 television stations were simultaneously recorded, and a content analysis of children's preferred viewing was conducted and included coding all food/beverage promotions and their nutritional content. Each food/beverage promotion was classified by corporation type (i.e., <span class="hlt">CAI</span> or non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was responsible for significantly more food/beverage promotions, and used media characters and repetition more frequently in their food/beverage promotions than the non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Nutritionally, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> food/beverage promotions were higher in fats, sugar, sodium and energy per 100 grams. A significantly greater proportion of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> food/beverage promotions were considered 'less healthy' compared to the non-<span class="hlt">CAI</span> promotions. With the exception of the four corporations that did not market to children at all, the commitments that have been made in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are not having a significant impact on the food and beverage marketing environment on television which is viewed by 10-12-year-olds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007M%26PS...42.1221F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007M%26PS...42.1221F"><span>Al-Mg isotopic evidence for episodic alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from Allende</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fagan, T. J.; Guan, Y.; MacPherson, G. J.</p> <p>2007-08-01</p> <p>Textures, mineral assemblages, and Al-Mg isotope systematics indicate a protracted, episodic secondary mineralization history for Allende Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). Detailed observations from one type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, one B2, one compact type A (CTA), and one fluffy type A (FTA) indicate that these diverse types of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are characterized by two distinct textural and mineralogic types of secondary mineralization: (1) grossular-rich domains, concentrated along melilite grain boundaries in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> interiors, and (2) feldspathoid-bearing domains, confined mostly to <span class="hlt">CAI</span> margins just interior to the Wark-Lovering rim sequence. The Al-Mg isotopic compositions of most secondary minerals in the type B1 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and some secondary minerals in the other <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, show no resolvable excesses of 26Mg, whereas the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> phases mostly yield correlated excesses of 26Mg with increasing Al/Mg corresponding to "canonical" initial 26Al/27Al ˜ 4.5-5 × 10-5. These secondary minerals formed at least 3 Ma after the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals. All but two analyses of secondary minerals from the fluffy type-A <span class="hlt">CAI</span> define a correlated increase in 26Mg/24Mg with increasing Al/Mg, yielding (26Al/27Al)0 = (4.9 ± 2.8) × 10-6. The secondary minerals in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed 1.8-3.2 Ma after the primary <span class="hlt">CAI</span> minerals. In both cases, the timing of secondary alteration is consistent with, but does not necessarily require, alteration in an asteroidal setting. One grossular from the type B2 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, and several grossular and secondary feldspar analyses from the compact type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, have excesses of 26Mg consistent with initial 26Al/27Al ˜ 4.5 × 10-5. Especially in the compact type A <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, where 26Mg/24Mg in grossular correlates with increasing Al/Mg, these 26Mg excesses are almost certainly due to in situ decay of 26Al. They indicate a nebular setting for formation of the grossular. The preservation of these diverse isotopic patterns indicates that heating on the Allende parent body was not pervasive enough to reset isotopic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........79M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........79M"><span>Radioprotective cerium oxide nanoparticles: Molecular imaging <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of conps' pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McDonagh, Philip Reed Wills, III</p> <p></p> <p>Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are being <span class="hlt">investigated</span> for several anti-oxidant applications in medicine. One of their most promising applications is as a radioprotective drug, an area of research in need due to the severe side effects from radiation therapy. In this work, the potential of CONPs as a radioprotective drug is examined using four criteria: favorable biodistribution/pharmacokinetics, low toxicity, ability to protect normal tissue from radiation damage, and lack of protection of tumor. The mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> of CONPs are also studied. Biodistribution was determined in radiolabeled CONPs with surface coatings including citrate, dextran T10-amine (DT10-NH2), dextran T10-polyethylene glycol (DT10-PEG), dextran T10-sulfobetaine (DT10-SB) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and compared to uncoated. 89Zr was incorporated into CONPs for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and ex vivo tissue analysis in tumor bearing mice. Compared to uncoated [ 89Zr]CONPs, coated [89Zr]CONPs showed improved biodistribution, including significantly enhanced renal clearance of PAA- [89Zr]CONPs. The toxicity of CONPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with low toxicity at therapeutic doses. After clinically mimetic radiation therapy, pre-treatment of mice with coated and uncoated CONPs showed greater than 50% reduction of cell death in normal colon tissue, comparable to the clinically available radioprotective drug amifostine. Tumor control after irradiation of spontaneous colon tumors was unchanged with PAA-CONP pre-treatment, while citrate, DT10-PEG, and uncoated CONP pre-treatment had slightly less tumor control. Xenograft tumors were irradiated after pH normalizing treatment with sodium bicarbonate and PAA-CONP pre-treatment. Treatment of these tumors showed slightly less tumor control than irradiation alone or PAA-CONP plus irradiation, demonstrating that the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment may be the basis of preventing CONPs' radioprotective properties in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687943-redox-proteomics-approach-investigate-mode-action-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687943-redox-proteomics-approach-investigate-mode-action-nanomaterials"><span>A redox proteomics approach to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the mode of <span class="hlt">action</span> of nanomaterials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Riebeling, Christian; Wiemann, Martin; Schnekenburger, Jürgen</p> <p>2016-05-15</p> <p>Numbers of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are steadily increasing. Therefore, alternative testing approaches with reduced costs and high predictivity suitable for high throughput screening and prioritization are urgently needed to ensure a fast and effective development of safe products. In parallel, extensive research efforts are targeted to understanding modes of <span class="hlt">action</span> of ENMs, which may also support the development of new predictive assays. Oxidative stress is a widely accepted paradigm associated with different adverse outcomes of ENMs. It has frequently been identified in in vitro and in vivo studies and different assays have been developed for this purpose. Fluorescent dye basedmore » read-outs are most frequently used for cell testing in vitro but may be limited due to possible interference of the ENMs. Recently, other assays have been put forward such as acellular determination of ROS production potential using methods like electron spin resonance, antioxidant quantification or the use of specific sensors. In addition, Omics based approaches have gained increasing attention. In particular, redox proteomics can combine the assessment of oxidative stress with the advantage of getting more detailed mechanistic information. Here we propose a comprehensive testing strategy for assessing the oxidative stress potential of ENMs, which combines acellular methods and fast in vitro screening approaches, as well as a more involved detailed redox proteomics approach. This allows for screening and prioritization in a first tier and, if required, also for unraveling mechanistic details down to compromised signaling pathways. - Highlights: • Oxidative stress is a general paradigm for nanomaterial hazard mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span>. • Reactive oxygen species generation can be predicted using acellular assays. • Cellular assays based on fluorescence suffer from interference by nanomaterials. • Protein carbonylation is an irreversible and predictive mark of oxidative</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4814912','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4814912"><span>Visual adaptation dominates bimodal visual-motor <span class="hlt">action</span> adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>de la Rosa, Stephan; Ferstl, Ylva; Bülthoff, Heinrich H.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A long standing debate revolves around the question whether visual <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition primarily relies on visual or motor <span class="hlt">action</span> information. Previous studies mainly examined the contribution of either visual or motor information to <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition. Yet, the interaction of visual and motor <span class="hlt">action</span> information is particularly important for understanding <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition in social interactions, where humans often observe and execute <span class="hlt">actions</span> at the same time. Here, we behaviourally examined the interaction of visual and motor <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition processes when participants simultaneously observe and execute <span class="hlt">actions</span>. We took advantage of behavioural <span class="hlt">action</span> adaptation effects to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> behavioural correlates of neural <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition mechanisms. In line with previous results, we find that prolonged visual exposure (visual adaptation) and prolonged execution of the same <span class="hlt">action</span> with closed eyes (non-visual motor adaptation) influence <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition. However, when participants simultaneously adapted visually and motorically – akin to simultaneous execution and observation of <span class="hlt">actions</span> in social interactions - adaptation effects were only modulated by visual but not motor adaptation. <span class="hlt">Action</span> recognition, therefore, relies primarily on vision-based <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition mechanisms in situations that require simultaneous <span class="hlt">action</span> observation and execution, such as social interactions. The results suggest caution when associating social behaviour in social interactions with motor based information. PMID:27029781</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA016613','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA016613"><span>Intelligent <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1975-10-01</p> <p>MANAOS SAO PAULO AND LIMA* »ääS»«SS8 rÄS^’sSi&.-ja sa."»«- RIO DE JANEIRO IS IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL IT IS ON GUANABARA BAY AND THE ATLANTIC...Administration, or Environmental Protection Agency. Other options that will give you greater selectivity are available on request. The cost o5 SRIM s...concentrating on one aspect at a time. Based on our analyses, we propose in this paper several hypotheses about how the tutor relates his teaching to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=classical+AND+management&pg=6&id=EJ817905','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=classical+AND+management&pg=6&id=EJ817905"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Learning: Avoiding Conflict or Enabling <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Corley, Aileen; Thorne, Ann</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> learning is based on the premise that <span class="hlt">action</span> and learning are inextricably entwined and it is this potential, to enable <span class="hlt">action</span>, which has contributed to the growth of <span class="hlt">action</span> learning within education and management development programmes. However has this growth in <span class="hlt">action</span> learning lead to an evolution or a dilution of Revan's classical…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26620673','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26620673"><span>Destination memory for self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El Haj, Mohamad</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>There is a substantial body of literature showing memory enhancement for self-generated information in normal aging. The present paper <span class="hlt">investigated</span> this outcome for destination memory or memory for outputted information. In Experiment 1, younger adults and older adults had to place (self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>) and observe an experimenter placing (experiment-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>) items into two different destinations (i.e., a black circular box and a white square box). On a subsequent recognition task, the participants had to decide into which box each item had originally been placed. These procedures showed better destination memory for self- than experimenter-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>. In Experiment 2, destination and source memory were assessed for self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Younger adults and older adults had to place items into the two boxes (self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>), take items out of the boxes (self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>), and observe an experimenter taking items out of the boxes (experiment-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>). On a subsequent recognition task, they had to decide into which box (destination memory)/from which box (source memory) each item had originally been placed/taken. For both populations, source memory was better than destination memory for self-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>, and both were better than source memory for experimenter-generated <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Taken together, these findings highlight the beneficial effect of self-generation on destination memory in older adults.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf"><span>16 CFR 2.2 - Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, PROCEDURES AND RULES OF PRACTICE NONADJUDICATIVE PROCEDURES Inquiries; <span class="hlt">Investigations</span>; Compulsory Processes § 2.2 Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf"><span>16 CFR 2.2 - Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, PROCEDURES AND RULES OF PRACTICE NONADJUDICATIVE PROCEDURES Inquiries; <span class="hlt">Investigations</span>; Compulsory Processes § 2.2 Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title16-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title16-vol1-sec2-2.pdf"><span>16 CFR 2.2 - Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, PROCEDURES AND RULES OF PRACTICE NONADJUDICATIVE PROCEDURES Inquiries; <span class="hlt">Investigations</span>; Compulsory Processes § 2.2 Request for Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. (a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec210-49.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec210-49.pdf"><span>19 CFR 210.49 - Implementation of Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Implementation of Commission <span class="hlt">action</span>. 210.49 Section 210.49 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> OF UNFAIR PRACTICES IN IMPORT TRADE ADJUDICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Determinations and <span class="hlt">Actions</span> Taken § 210.49...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title43-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title43-vol1-sec17-337.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title43-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title43-vol1-sec17-337.pdf"><span>43 CFR 17.337 - Remedial <span class="hlt">action</span> by recipients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Investigation</span>, Conciliation, and Enforcement Procedures § 17.337 Remedial <span class="hlt">action</span> by recipients. Where DOI finds... DOI may require to overcome the effects of the discrimination. If another recipient exercises control over the recipient that has discriminated, DOI may require both recipients to take remedial <span class="hlt">action</span>. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title43-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title43-vol1-sec17-337.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title43-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title43-vol1-sec17-337.pdf"><span>43 CFR 17.337 - Remedial <span class="hlt">action</span> by recipients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Investigation</span>, Conciliation, and Enforcement Procedures § 17.337 Remedial <span class="hlt">action</span> by recipients. Where DOI finds... DOI may require to overcome the effects of the discrimination. If another recipient exercises control over the recipient that has discriminated, DOI may require both recipients to take remedial <span class="hlt">action</span>. ...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616736','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616736"><span>Neurophysiology of <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation in athletes: A systematic review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smith, Daniel M</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation studies using functional neuroimaging or brain stimulation during a sport-specific anticipation task. A total of 15 studies from 2008 to 2014 were evaluated and are reported in four sections: expert-novice samples, <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation tasks, neuroimaging and stimulation techniques, and key findings. <span class="hlt">Investigators</span> examined a wide range of <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation scenarios specific to eight different sports and utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Expert-novice comparisons were commonly used to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> differences in <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation performance and neurophysiology. Experts tended to outperform novices, and an extensive array of brain structures were reported to be involved differently for experts and novices during <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation. However, these neurophysiological findings were generally inconsistent across the studies reviewed. The discussion focuses on strengths and four key limitations. The conclusion posits remaining questions and recommendations for future research. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=batter&id=EJ919600','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=batter&id=EJ919600"><span>Hitting Is Contagious: Experience and <span class="hlt">Action</span> Induction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Gray, Rob; Beilock, Sian L.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In baseball, it is believed that "hitting is contagious," that is, probability of success increases if the previous few batters get a hit. Could this effect be partially explained by <span class="hlt">action</span> induction--that is, the tendency to perform an <span class="hlt">action</span> related to one that has just been observed? A simulation was used to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the effect of inducing…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878317','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878317"><span>Anabolic <span class="hlt">actions</span> of PTH (1-34): use of a novel tissue engineering model to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> temporal effects on bone.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pettway, Glenda J; Schneider, Abraham; Koh, Amy J; Widjaja, Effendi; Morris, Michael D; Meganck, Jeffrey A; Goldstein, Steven A; McCauley, Laurie K</p> <p>2005-06-01</p> <p>PTH is in clinical use for the treatment of osteoporosis and is under intensive <span class="hlt">investigation</span> for its potential in applications of tissue engineering, fracture healing, and implant integration. However, the mechanisms of its <span class="hlt">action</span> to stimulate bone formation are still unclear. A novel bone tissue engineering model was used to elucidate basic mechanisms of PTH anabolic <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Ectopic ossicles containing cortical bone, trabecular bone, and a hematopoietic marrow were generated from implanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). One week after implantation, nude mice were administered PTH or vehicle for 1 week (group 1), 3 weeks (group 2), or 7 weeks (group 3). Another group was also treated for 3 weeks, initiated 12 weeks after implantation (group 4). Micro-radiography and histomorphometry revealed increased marrow cellularity in group 1 PTH-treated ossicles, increased bone in group 2 PTH-treated ossicles, and similar amounts of bone in both group 3 and 4 ossicles regardless of treatment. Incidence of phosphate mineral and phosphate mineral to hydroxyproline ratio via Raman spectroscopy were significantly higher after 3 weeks versus 1 week of PTH treatment, but there was no difference between PTH- and vehicle-treated ossicles. Early events of PTH <span class="hlt">action</span> in group 1 ossicles and the effects of a single injection of PTH on 1- and 2-week-old ossicles were evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Osteocalcin (OC) mRNA was increased after 1 week of intermittent PTH treatment in ossicles and calvaria but an acute injection did not alter OC mRNA. In contrast, a single injection of PTH increased matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP) mRNA in 2-week-old ossicles. Differential and temporal-dependent effects of PTH on OC and MGP suggest at the molecular level, that PTH acts to inhibit osteoblast mineralization. However, this does not translate into tissue level alterations. These data indicate that anabolic <span class="hlt">actions</span> of PTH in ectopic ossicles are temporally dependent on the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cognition+AND+memory&pg=2&id=EJ1056040','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cognition+AND+memory&pg=2&id=EJ1056040"><span>Spatial Working Memory Is Necessary for <span class="hlt">Actions</span> to Guide Thought</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Thomas, Laura E.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> can play a causal role in cognition, shaping thought processes. What drives this cross-talk between <span class="hlt">action</span> and thought? I <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the hypothesis that representations in spatial working memory mediate interactions between directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> and problem solving. Participants attempted to solve an insight problem while…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&pg=2&id=EJ1124097','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=pre+AND+experimental+AND+research&pg=2&id=EJ1124097"><span><span class="hlt">Investigating</span> the Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Achievement and Attitudes towards Mathematics among Seventh-Grade Students in Kuwait</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Soliman, Mamdouh M.; Hilal, Ahmed J.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) compared with traditional classroom instruction of mathematics of seventh graders in Kuwait's public schools. We aimed to compare students learning outcomes between two groups: the control group, taught traditionally without the use of computers, and the experimental…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=green+AND+attitude+AND+change&pg=6&id=EJ809873','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=green+AND+attitude+AND+change&pg=6&id=EJ809873"><span>Changes in Vision: Teachers Engaging in <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Warren, Susan; Doorn, Dan; Green, James</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">investigation</span> explored the effects of <span class="hlt">action</span> research on teachers in a graduate education program. Mixed methods were utilized, combining a semantic differential study of student attitudes with qualitative analysis of students' perceptions of their experience as <span class="hlt">action</span> researchers. Results indicate that participants perceived themselves as…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991043','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991043"><span>Kinetic Compensations due to Chronic Ankle Instability during Landing and Jumping.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Hyunsoo; Son, S Jun; Seeley, Matthew K; Hopkins, J Ty</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Skeletal muscles absorb and transfer kinetic energy during landing and jumping, which are common requirements of various forms of physical activity. Chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is associated with impaired neuromuscular control and dynamic stability of the lower extremity. Little is known regarding an intralimb, lower-extremity joint coordination of kinetics during landing and jumping for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients. We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effect of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on lower-extremity joint stiffness and kinetic and energetic patterns across the ground contact phase of landing and jumping. One hundred <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients and 100 matched able-bodied controls performed five trials of a landing and jumping task (a maximal vertical forward jump, landing on a force plate with the test leg only, and immediate lateral jump toward the contralateral side). Functional analyses of variance and independent t-tests were used to evaluate between-group differences for lower-extremity net internal joint moment, power, and stiffness throughout the entire ground contact phase of landing and jumping. Relative to the control group, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group revealed (i) reduced plantarflexion and knee extension and increased hip extension moments; (ii) reduced ankle and knee eccentric and concentric power, and increased hip eccentric and concentric power, and (iii) reduced ankle and knee joint stiffness and increased hip joint stiffness during the task. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients seemed to use a hip-dominant strategy by increasing the hip extension moment, stiffness, and eccentric and concentric power during landing and jumping. This apparent compensation may be due to decreased capabilities to produce sufficient joint moment, stiffness, and power at the ankle and knee. These differences might have injury risk and performance implications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28475619','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28475619"><span>Statistical learning in social <span class="hlt">action</span> contexts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Monroy, Claire; Meyer, Marlene; Gerson, Sarah; Hunnius, Sabine</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Sensitivity to the regularities and structure contained within sequential, goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> is an important building block for generating expectations about the <span class="hlt">actions</span> we observe. Until now, research on statistical learning for <span class="hlt">actions</span> has solely focused on individual <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences, but many <span class="hlt">actions</span> in daily life involve multiple actors in various interaction contexts. The current study is the first to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the role of statistical learning in tracking regularities between <span class="hlt">actions</span> performed by different actors, and whether the social context characterizing their interaction influences learning. That is, are observers more likely to track regularities across actors if they are perceived as acting jointly as opposed to in parallel? We tested adults and toddlers to explore whether social context guides statistical learning and-if so-whether it does so from early in development. In a between-subjects eye-tracking experiment, participants were primed with a social context cue between two actors who either shared a goal of playing together ('Joint' condition) or stated the intention to act alone ('Parallel' condition). In subsequent videos, the actors performed sequential <span class="hlt">actions</span> in which, for certain <span class="hlt">action</span> pairs, the first actor's <span class="hlt">action</span> reliably predicted the second actor's <span class="hlt">action</span>. We analyzed predictive eye movements to upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span> as a measure of learning, and found that both adults and toddlers learned the statistical regularities across actors when their <span class="hlt">actions</span> caused an effect. Further, adults with high statistical learning performance were sensitive to social context: those who observed actors with a shared goal were more likely to correctly predict upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span>. In contrast, there was no effect of social context in the toddler group, regardless of learning performance. These findings shed light on how adults and toddlers perceive statistical regularities across actors depending on the nature of the observed social situation and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5419596','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5419596"><span>Statistical learning in social <span class="hlt">action</span> contexts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Meyer, Marlene; Gerson, Sarah; Hunnius, Sabine</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Sensitivity to the regularities and structure contained within sequential, goal-directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> is an important building block for generating expectations about the <span class="hlt">actions</span> we observe. Until now, research on statistical learning for <span class="hlt">actions</span> has solely focused on individual <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences, but many <span class="hlt">actions</span> in daily life involve multiple actors in various interaction contexts. The current study is the first to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the role of statistical learning in tracking regularities between <span class="hlt">actions</span> performed by different actors, and whether the social context characterizing their interaction influences learning. That is, are observers more likely to track regularities across actors if they are perceived as acting jointly as opposed to in parallel? We tested adults and toddlers to explore whether social context guides statistical learning and—if so—whether it does so from early in development. In a between-subjects eye-tracking experiment, participants were primed with a social context cue between two actors who either shared a goal of playing together (‘Joint’ condition) or stated the intention to act alone (‘Parallel’ condition). In subsequent videos, the actors performed sequential <span class="hlt">actions</span> in which, for certain <span class="hlt">action</span> pairs, the first actor’s <span class="hlt">action</span> reliably predicted the second actor’s <span class="hlt">action</span>. We analyzed predictive eye movements to upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span> as a measure of learning, and found that both adults and toddlers learned the statistical regularities across actors when their <span class="hlt">actions</span> caused an effect. Further, adults with high statistical learning performance were sensitive to social context: those who observed actors with a shared goal were more likely to correctly predict upcoming <span class="hlt">actions</span>. In contrast, there was no effect of social context in the toddler group, regardless of learning performance. These findings shed light on how adults and toddlers perceive statistical regularities across actors depending on the nature of the observed social</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26752450','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26752450"><span>Neural basis of understanding communicative <span class="hlt">actions</span>: Changes associated with knowing the actor's intention and the meanings of the <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Möttönen, Riikka; Farmer, Harry; Watkins, Kate E</p> <p>2016-01-29</p> <p>People can communicate by using hand <span class="hlt">actions</span>, e.g., signs. Understanding communicative <span class="hlt">actions</span> requires that the observer knows that the actor has an intention to communicate and the meanings of the <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Here, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> how this prior knowledge affects processing of observed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. We used functional MRI to determine changes in <span class="hlt">action</span> processing when non-signers were told that the observed <span class="hlt">actions</span> are communicative (i.e., signs) and learned the meanings of half of the <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Processing of hand <span class="hlt">actions</span> activated the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 44 and 45) when the communicative intention of the actor was known, even when the meanings of the <span class="hlt">actions</span> remained unknown. These regions were not active when the observers did not know about the communicative nature of the hand <span class="hlt">actions</span>. These findings suggest that the left and right IFG play a role in understanding the intention of the actor, but do not process visuospatial features of the communicative <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Knowing the meanings of the hand <span class="hlt">actions</span> further enhanced activity in the anterior part of the IFG (BA 45), the inferior parietal lobule and posterior inferior and middle temporal gyri in the left hemisphere. These left-hemisphere language regions could provide a link between meanings and observed <span class="hlt">actions</span>. In sum, the findings provide evidence for the segregation of the networks involved in the neural processing of visuospatial features of communicative hand <span class="hlt">actions</span> and those involved in understanding the actor's intention and the meanings of the <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cup&pg=6&id=EJ1010132','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=cup&pg=6&id=EJ1010132"><span>Young Children's Response Tendencies toward Yes-No Questions Concerning <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Fritzley, V. Heather; Lindsay, Rod C. L.; Lee, Kang</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Two experiments <span class="hlt">investigated</span> response tendencies of preschoolers toward yes-no questions about <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Two hundred 2- to 5-year-old children were asked questions concerning <span class="hlt">actions</span> commonly associated with particular objects (e.g., drinking from a cup) and <span class="hlt">actions</span> not commonly associated with particular objects (e.g., kicking a toothbrush). The…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27494057','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27494057"><span>Feedback and Feedforward Control During Walking in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yen, Sheng-Che; Corkery, Marie B; Donohoe, Amy; Grogan, Maddison; Wu, Yi-Ning</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Recurrent ankle sprains associated with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) occur not only in challenging sports but also in daily walking. Understanding whether and how <span class="hlt">CAI</span> alters feedback and feedforward controls during walking may be important for developing interventions for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> prevention or treatment. Objective To understand whether <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is associated with changes in feedback and feedforward control when individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are subjected to experimental perturbation during walking. Methods Twelve subjects with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 12 control subjects walked on a treadmill while adapting to external loading that generated inversion perturbation at the ankle joint. Ankle kinematics around heel contact during and after the adaptation were compared between the 2 groups. Results Both healthy and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> groups showed an increase in eversion around heel contact in early adaptation to the external loading. However, the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group adapted back toward the baseline, while the healthy controls showed further increase in eversion in late adaptation. When the external loading was removed in the postadaptation period, healthy controls showed an aftereffect consisting of an increase in eversion around heel contact, but the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group showed no aftereffect. Conclusion The results provide preliminary evidence that <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may alter individuals' feedback and feedforward control during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):775-783. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6403.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fagioli&id=EJ925239','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fagioli&id=EJ925239"><span>Controlling Attention through <span class="hlt">Action</span>: Observing <span class="hlt">Actions</span> Primes <span class="hlt">Action</span>-Related Stimulus Dimensions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Fagioli, Sabrina; Ferlazzo, Fabio; Hommel, Bernhard</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Previous findings suggest that planning an <span class="hlt">action</span> "backward-primes" perceptual dimension related to this <span class="hlt">action</span>: planning a grasp facilitates the processing of visual size information, while planning a reach facilitates the processing of location information. Here we show that dimensional priming of perception through <span class="hlt">action</span> occurs even in the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED095923.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED095923.pdf"><span>A Feasibility Study of Computer Assisted Instruction in US Army Basic Electronics Training. Final Report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>International Business Machines Corp., Gaithersburg, MD. Federal Systems Div.</p> <p></p> <p>A study of computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) for US Army basic electronics training at the US Army Signal Center and School establishes the feasibility of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> as a training technique. Three aspects of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> are considered: effectiveness, efficiency, and applicability of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> to basic electronics training. The study explores the effectiveness of the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011252','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20130011252"><span>Refractory Inclusion Size Distribution and Fabric Measured in a Large Slab of the Allende CV3 Chondrite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Srinivasan, P.; Simon, Justin I.; Cuzzi, J. N.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Aggregate textures of chondrites reflect accretion of early-formed particles in the solar nebula. Explanations for the size and density variations of particle populations found among chondrites are debated. Differences could have risen out of formation in different locations in the nebula, and/or they could have been caused by a sorting process [1]. Many ideas on the cause of chondrule sorting have been proposed; some including sorting by mass [2,3], by X-winds [4], turbulent concentration [5], and by photophoresis [6]. However, few similar studies have been conducted for Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>). These particles are known to have formed early, and their distribution could attest to the early stages of Solar System (ESS) history. Unfortunately, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are not as common in chondrites as chondrules are, reducing the usefulness of studies restricted to a few thin sections. Furthermore, the largest sizes of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are generally much larger than chondrules, and therefore rarely present in most studied chondrite thin sections. This study attempts to perform a more representative sampling of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> population in the Allende chondrite by <span class="hlt">investigating</span> a two decimeter-sized slab.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=better+AND+memory&pg=2&id=EJ959131','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=better+AND+memory&pg=2&id=EJ959131"><span>Children Show Heightened Memory for Threatening Social <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Baltazar, Nicole C.; Shutts, Kristin; Kinzler, Katherine D.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Three experiments <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether a negativity bias in social perception extends to preschool-aged children's memory for the details of others' social <span class="hlt">actions</span> and experiences. After learning about individuals who committed nice or mean social <span class="hlt">actions</span>, children in Experiment 1 were more accurate at remembering who was mean compared with who…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.228...62S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeCoA.228...62S"><span>Isotopic coherence of refractory inclusions from CV and CK meteorites: Evidence from multiple isotope systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shollenberger, Quinn R.; Borg, Lars E.; Render, Jan; Ebert, Samuel; Bischoff, Addi; Russell, Sara S.; Brennecka, Gregory A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) are the oldest dated materials in the Solar System and numerous previous studies have revealed nucleosynthetic anomalies relative to terrestrial rock standards in many isotopic systems. However, most of the isotopic data from <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> has been limited to the Allende meteorite and a handful of other CV3 chondrites. To better constrain the isotopic composition of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-forming region, we report the first Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopic compositions of two <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> hosted in the CK3 desert meteorites NWA 4964 and NWA 6254 along with two <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from the CV3 desert meteorites NWA 6619 and NWA 6991. After consideration of neutron capture processes and the effects of hot-desert weathering, the Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm stable isotopic compositions of the samples show clearly resolvable nucleosynthetic anomalies that are in agreement with previous results from Allende and other CV meteorites. The extent of neutron capture, as manifested by shifts in the observed 149Sm-150Sm isotopic composition of the <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is used to estimate the neutron fluence experienced by some of these samples and ranges from 8.40 × 1013 to 2.11 × 1015 n/cm2. Overall, regardless of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> type or host meteorite, <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CV and CK chondrites have similar nucleosynthetic anomalies within analytical uncertainty. We suggest the region that CV and CK <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed was largely uniform with respect to Sr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Sm isotopes when <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> condensed and that <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> hosted in CV and CK meteorites are derived from the same isotopic reservoir.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..155K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..155K"><span>High-temperature rims around calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from the CR, CB and CH carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; van Kooten, Elishevah M. M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We describe the mineralogy, petrology and oxygen isotopic compositions of high-temperature rims around mineralogically pristine calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) from the CR, CB and CH carbonaceous chondrites. In CR chondrites, nearly all <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are surrounded by single- or multi-layered rims composed of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-like minerals; relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> inside chondrules in which the rims were resorbed by the host chondrule melt (Aléon et al., 2002; Makide et al., 2009) are the only exception. A complete multi-layered rim sequence (from inside outward: spinel + hibonite + perovskite → melilite → anorthite replacing melilite → Al-diopside → forsterite) is rarely observed; Al-diopside ± forsterite rims are more common. The CR <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and all rim layers are uniformly 16O-rich (Δ17O ∼-24‰), indicating formation in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir. The mineralogy, petrology and 16O-rich compositions of these rims suggest formation by evaporation/condensation, melting (?), and thermal annealing in the formation region of the host <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. We define such rims as the primordial Wark-Lovering (WL) rims. In CH chondrites, most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are uniformly 16O-rich and surrounded by the primordial WL rims. One of the 16O-rich <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> is surrounded by an anorthite-Al-diopside WL rim showing a range of Δ17O values, from ∼-24‰ to ∼-6‰; Δ17O decreases towards the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> core. We infer that this rim experienced incomplete melting and O-isotope exchange in an 16O-poor nebular gas, most likely during chondrule formation. Most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CB chondrites and about 10% of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in CH chondrites are uniformly 16O-depleted igneous inclusions; Δ17O values between individual <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> vary from ∼-12‰ to ∼-5‰. These <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have diverse mineralogies (grossite-rich, hibonite-rich, melilite-rich, spinel-rich, and Al,Ti-diopside ± forsterite-rich), but are surrounded by the mineralogically similar igneous rims composed of ±melilite, Al-diopside and Ca-rich forsterite (0.5-1.4 wt% CaO). The igneous rims and the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..185K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.201..185K"><span>Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions recycled during formation of porphyritic chondrules from CH carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; van Kooten, Elishevah M. M.; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>We report on the mineralogy, petrography, and O-isotope compositions of ∼60 Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) incompletely melted during formation of porphyritic chondrules from the CH metal-rich carbonaceous chondrites and Isheyevo (CH/CB). These include (i) relict polymineralic <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in porphyritic chondrules, (ii) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> surrounded by chondrule-like igneous rims, (iii) igneous pyroxene-rich and Type C-like <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, and (iv) plagioclase-rich chondrules with clusters of relict spinel grains. 26Al-26Mg systematics were measured in 10 relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and 11 <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-bearing plagioclase-rich chondrules. Based on the mineralogy, the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation can be divided into grossite-rich (n = 13), hibonite-rich (n = 11), spinel ± melilite-rich (n = 33; these include plagioclase-rich chondrules with clusters of relict spinel grains) types. Mineralogical observations indicate that these <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> were mixed with different proportions of ferromagnesian silicates and experienced incomplete melting and gas-melt interaction during chondrule formation. These processes resulted in partial or complete destruction of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> Wark-Lovering rims, replacement of melilite by Na-bearing plagioclase, and dissolution and overgrowth of nearly end-member spinel by chromium- and iron-bearing spinel. Only two relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and two <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-bearing chondrules show resolvable excess of radiogenic 26Mg; the inferred initial 26Al/27Al ratios are (1.7 ± 1.3) × 10-6, (3.7 ± 3.1) × 10-7, (1.9 ± 0.9) × 10-6 and (4.9 ± 2.6) × 10-6. There is a large range of Δ17O among the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation, from ∼-37‰ to ∼-5‰; the unmelted minerals in individual <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, however, are isotopically uniform and systematically 16O-enriched relative to the host chondrules and chondrule-like igneous rims, which have Δ17O ranging from ∼-7‰ to ∼+4‰. Most of the CH <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> incompletely melted during chondrule formation are mineralogically and isotopically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24168196','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24168196"><span>Culture-specific familiarity equally mediates <span class="hlt">action</span> representations across cultures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Umla-Runge, Katja; Fu, Xiaolan; Wang, Lamei; Zimmer, Hubert D</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that we need to distinguish between means and end information about <span class="hlt">actions</span>. It is unclear how these two subtypes of <span class="hlt">action</span> information relate to each other with theoretical accounts postulating the superiority of end over means information and others linking separate means and end routes of processing to <span class="hlt">actions</span> of differential meaningfulness. <span class="hlt">Action</span> meaningfulness or familiarity differs between cultures. In a cross-cultural setting, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> how <span class="hlt">action</span> familiarity influences recognition memory for means and end information. Object directed <span class="hlt">actions</span> of differential familiarity were presented to Chinese and German participants. <span class="hlt">Action</span> familiarity modulated the representation of means and end information in both cultures in the same way, although the effects were based on different stimulus sets. Our results suggest that, in the representation of <span class="hlt">actions</span> in memory, end information is superordinate to means information. This effect is independent of culture whereas <span class="hlt">action</span> familiarity is not.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21032583-improved-actions-asymptotic-scaling-lattice-yang-mills-theory','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21032583-improved-actions-asymptotic-scaling-lattice-yang-mills-theory"><span>Improved <span class="hlt">actions</span> and asymptotic scaling in lattice Yang-Mills theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Langfeld, Kurt</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>Improved <span class="hlt">actions</span> in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories are <span class="hlt">investigated</span> with an emphasis on asymptotic scaling. A new scheme for tadpole improvement is proposed. The standard but heuristic tadpole improvement emerges from a mean field approximation from the new approach. Scaling is <span class="hlt">investigated</span> by means of the large distance static quark potential. Both the generic and the new tadpole scheme yield significant improvements on asymptotic scaling when compared with loop improved <span class="hlt">actions</span>. A study of the rotational symmetry breaking terms, however, reveals that only the new improvement scheme efficiently eliminates the leading irrelevant term from the <span class="hlt">action</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED486489.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED486489.pdf"><span>A Guide to Facilitating <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research for Youth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Goldwasser, Matthew</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>What is "<span class="hlt">action</span> research" and how is it relevant to urban youth activists? <span class="hlt">Action</span> research is a systematic process of inquiry, which involves gathering information about an issue or problem, analyzing the findings, and developing practical plans for affecting positive change. It is motivated by the desire to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> in order to better…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19595988','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19595988"><span>Disruption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Plantaricin 149 and <span class="hlt">investigation</span> of its mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span> with biomembrane model systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lopes, José Luiz S; Nobre, Thatyane M; Siano, Alvaro; Humpola, Verónica; Bossolan, Nelma R S; Zaniquelli, Maria E D; Tonarelli, Georgina; Beltramini, Leila M</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">action</span> of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide analog of Plantaricin 149 (Pln149a) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its interaction with biomembrane model systems were <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. Pln149a was shown to inhibit S. cerevisiae growth by more than 80% in YPD medium, causing morphological changes in the yeast wall and remaining active and resistant to the yeast proteases even after 24 h of incubation. Different membrane model systems and carbohydrates were employed to better describe the Pln149a interaction with cellular components using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies, adsorption kinetics and surface elasticity in Langmuir monolayers. These assays showed that Pln149a does not interact with either mono/polysaccharides or zwitterionic LUVs, but is strongly adsorbed to and incorporated into negatively charged surfaces, causing a conformational change in its secondary structure from random-coil to helix upon adsorption. From the concurrent analysis of Pln149a adsorption kinetics and dilatational surface elasticity data, we determined that 2.5 muM is the critical concentration at which Pln149a will disrupt a negative DPPG monolayer. Furthermore, Pln149a exhibited a carpet-like mechanism of <span class="hlt">action</span>, in which the peptide initially binds to the membrane, covering its surface and acquiring a helical structure that remains associated to the negatively charged phospholipids. After this electrostatic interaction, another peptide region causes a strain in the membrane, promoting its disruption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bozeman&pg=3&id=ED260687','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bozeman&pg=3&id=ED260687"><span>Computer Assisted Instruction: A Review of the Reviews. Research Report 85-01.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stennett, R. G.</p> <p></p> <p>This review of the literature on computer assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) focuses on the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> with grades K-13, and specifically assesses the relative merits of traditional instruction and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in promoting student achievement. Also assessed are the applications of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in the area of special education. Three types of reviews are used exclusively:…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524141.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524141.pdf"><span>The Effect of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) on Student Achievement in Algebraic Expression</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Chien, Tsai Chen; Md. Yunus, Aida Suraya; Ali, Wan Zah Wan; Bakar, Ab. Rahim</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>In this experimental study, use of Computer Assisted Instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) followed by use of an Intelligent Tutoring System (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>+ITS) was compared to the use of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (<span class="hlt">CAI</span> only) in tutoring students on the topic of Algebraic Expression. Two groups of students participated in the study. One group of 32 students studied algebraic expression in a CAI…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/760451','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/760451"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 428: Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office</p> <p>2000-02-08</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document identifies and rationalizes the US Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office's selection of a recommended corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative (CAA) appropriate to facilitate the closure of Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 428, Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Located in Area 3 at the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) in Nevada, CAU 428 is comprised of two Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Sites (CASs): (1) CAS 03-05-002-SW01, Septic Waste System 1 and (2) CAS 03-05-002- SW05, Septic Waste System 5. A corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span> performed in 1999 detected analyte concentrations that exceeded preliminarymore » <span class="hlt">action</span> levels; specifically, contaminants of concern (COCs) included benzo(a) pyrene in a septic tank integrity sample associated with Septic Tank 33-1A of Septic Waste System 1, and arsenic in a soil sample associated with Septic Waste System 5. During this <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, three Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Objectives (CAOs) were identified to prevent or mitigate exposure to contents of the septic tanks and distribution box, to subsurface soil containing COCs, and the spread of COCs beyond the CAU. Based on these CAOs, a review of existing data, future use, and current operations in Area 3 of the TTR, three CAAs were developed for consideration: Alternative 1 - No Further <span class="hlt">Action</span>; Alternative 2 - Closure in Place with Administrative Controls; and Alternative 3 - Clean Closure by Excavation and Disposal. These alternatives were evaluated based on four general corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> standards and five remedy selection decision factors. Based on the results of the evaluation, the preferred CAA was Alternative 3. This alternative meets all applicable state and federal regulations for closure of the site and will eliminate potential future exposure pathways to the contaminated soils at the Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4181676','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4181676"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Anticipation and Interference: A Test of Prospective Gaze</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cannon, Erin N.; Woodward, Amanda L.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>In the current study we <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the proposal that one aspect of social perception, <span class="hlt">action</span> anticipation, involves the recruitment of representations for self-produced <span class="hlt">action</span>. An eye tracking paradigm was implemented to measure prospective gaze to a goal while performing either a motor or working memory task. Results indicate an effect of the motor task, suggesting the interference of a shared motor and <span class="hlt">action</span> perception representation. PMID:25285317</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MinPe.tmp...14P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MinPe.tmp...14P"><span>Conodont geothermometry in pyroclastic kimberlite: constraints on emplacement temperatures and cooling histories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pell, Jennifer; Russell, James K.; Zhang, Shunxin</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Kimberlite pipes from Chidliak, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada host surface-derived Paleozoic carbonate xenoliths containing conodonts. Conodonts are phosphatic marine microfossils that experience progressive, cumulative and irreversible colour changes upon heating that are experimentally calibrated as a conodont colour alteration index (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values permit us to estimate the temperatures to which conodont-bearing rocks have been heated. Conodonts have been recovered from 118 samples from 89 carbonate xenoliths collected from 12 of the pipes and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values within individual carbonate xenoliths show four types of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> distributions: (1) <span class="hlt">CAI</span> values that are uniform throughout the xenolith; (2) lower <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in core of a xenolith than the rim; (3) <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that increase from one side of the xenolith to the other; and, (4) in one xenolith, higher <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> in the xenolith core than at the rim. We have used thermal models for post-emplacement conductive cooling of kimberlite pipes and synchronous heating of conodont-bearing xenoliths to establish the temperature-time history of individual xenoliths within the kimberlite bodies. Model results suggest that the time-spans for xenoliths to reach the peak temperatures recorded by <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> varies from hours for the smallest xenoliths to 2 or 3 years for the largest xenoliths. The thermal modelling shows the first three <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patterns to be consistent with in situ conductive heating of the xenoliths coupled to the cooling host kimberlite. The fourth pattern remains an anomaly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29067520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29067520"><span>How preschoolers and adults represent their joint <span class="hlt">action</span> partner's behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sacheli, Lucia Maria; Meyer, M; Hartstra, E; Bekkering, H; Hunnius, S</p> <p>2017-10-24</p> <p>We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the cognitive mechanisms underlying turn-taking joint <span class="hlt">action</span> in 42-month-old children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) using a behavioral task of dressing a virtual bear together. We aimed to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> how participants represent a partners' behavior, i.e., in terms of specific <span class="hlt">action</span> kinematics or of <span class="hlt">action</span> effects. The bear was dressed by pressing a smaller and a bigger button. In the <span class="hlt">Action</span>-response task, instructions asked participants to respond to the partner by pressing the same or opposite button; in the <span class="hlt">Action</span>-effect task they had to respond to the partner's <span class="hlt">action</span> effect by dressing the bear with the lacking part of the clothing, which in some cases implied pressing the same button and in other cases implied pressing the opposite button. In 50% of the trials, the partner's association between each button and the ensuing effect (dressing the bear with t-shirt or pants) was reversed, while it never changed for participants. Both children and adults showed no effect of physical congruency of <span class="hlt">actions</span>, but showed impaired performance in the <span class="hlt">Action</span>-effect task if their partner achieved her effect through a different <span class="hlt">action</span>-effect association than their own. These results suggest that, when encoding their partner's <span class="hlt">actions</span>, agents are influenced by <span class="hlt">action</span>-effect associations that they learnt through their own experience. While interference led to overt errors in children, it caused longer reaction times in adults, suggesting that a flexible cognitive control (that is still in development in young children) is required to take on the partner's perspective.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.489..179K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.489..179K"><span>Calcium and titanium isotopes in refractory inclusions from CM, CO, and CR chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kööp, Levke; Davis, Andrew M.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Simon, Steven B.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that CV and CM chondrites incorporated Ca, Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) with different isotopic characteristics, which may represent different snapshots in the isotopic evolution of the early Solar System. To better understand how the isotopic characteristics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> vary between different chondrite groups, we have studied calcium and titanium isotopes in <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> from CM, CO, and CR chondrites. We show that all three chondrite groups contain <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with large anomalies in 48Ca and/or 50Ti (10s of ‰ or 100s of ε-units) as well as <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with no anomalies resolved beyond measurement uncertainties. Isotopically, the anomalous CO and CR chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> resemble the platy hibonite crystals (PLACs) from CM chondrites, but they are more mineralogically complex. The new data are consistent with the well-established mutual exclusivity relationship between incorporation of 26Al and the presence of large anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti. The two highly anomalous CO chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> have correlated anomalies in 46Ti and 50Ti, while most other highly anomalous <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> do not. This result could indicate that the reservoir with coupled 46Ti and 50Ti that was sampled by bulk meteorites and CV chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> already existed before arrival and/or homogeneous distribution of 26Al in the protoplanetary disk. Among the studied CM chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are ten spinel-hibonite inclusions (SHIBs) with known oxygen isotopic compositions. Our results show that these objects sampled a reservoir that was well-mixed in oxygen, calcium, and titanium isotopes. We further show that SHIBs tend to be slightly enriched in the heavy calcium isotopes, suggesting that their formation history was different from CV chondrite <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1907682','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1907682"><span><span class="hlt">Actions</span> and mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> of novel analogues of sotalol on guinea-pig and rabbit ventricular cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Connors, S. P.; Gill, E. W.; Terrar, D. A.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>1. The <span class="hlt">actions</span> and mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> of novel analogues of sotalol which prolong cardiac <span class="hlt">action</span> potentials were <span class="hlt">investigated</span> in guinea-pig and rabbit isolated ventricular cells. 2. In guinea-pig and rabbit cells the compounds significantly prolonged <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration at 20% and 90% repolarization levels without affecting resting membrane potential. In guinea-pig but not rabbit cells there was an increase in <span class="hlt">action</span> potential amplitude and in rabbit cells there was no change in the shape or position of the 'notch' in the <span class="hlt">action</span> potential. 3. Possible mechanisms of <span class="hlt">action</span> were studied in more detail in the case of compound II (1-(4-methanesulphonamidophenoxy)-3-(N-methyl 3,4 dichlorophenylethylamino)-2-propanol). Prolongation of <span class="hlt">action</span> potential duration continued to occur in the presence of nisoldipine, and calcium currents recorded under voltage-clamp conditions were not reduced by compound II (1 microM). <span class="hlt">Action</span> potential prolongation by compound II was also unaffected in the presence of 10 microM tetrodotoxin. 4. Compound II (1 microM) did not influence IK1 assessed from the current during ramp changes in membrane potential (20 mV s-1) over the range -90 to -10 mV. 5. Compound II (1 microM) blocked time-dependent delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) activated by step depolarizations and recorded as an outward tail following repolarization. When a submaximal concentration (50 nM) was applied there was no change in the apparent reversal potential of IK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:1393293</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014318','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080014318"><span>The Chronology of Asteroid Accretion, Differentiation, and Secondary Mineralization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nyquist, L. E.; Kleine, T.; Shih, C.-Y.; Reese, Y. D.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We evaluate initial (Al-26/Al-27)(sub I), (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I), (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I), and Pb-207/Pb-206 ages for igneous differentiated meteorites and chondrules from ordinary chondrites for consistency with radioactive decay of the parent nuclides within a common, closed isotopic system, i.e., the early solar nebula. We find that the relative abundances of Al-26, Mn-53, and Hf-182, here denoted by I(Al)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>), are consistent with decay from common initial values for the bulk solar system. I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) and I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 9.1+/-1.7 x 10(exp -6) and 1.06+/-0.09 x 10(exp -6) respectively, correspond to the canonical value of I(Al)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 5.1 x 10(exp -5). I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) thus determined is consistent with I(Hf)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 1.003+/-0.045 x 10(exp -6) directly determined in separate work. I(Mn)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is within error of the lowest value directly determined for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. We suggest that erratically higher values directly determined for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in carbonaceous chondrites reflect proton irradiation of unaccreted <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> by the early Sun after other asteroids destined for melting by Al-26 decay had already accreted. The Mn-53 incorporated within such asteroids would have been shielded from further "local" spallogenic contributions. The relative abundances of the short-lived nuclides are less consistent with the Pb-207/Pb-206 ages of the corresponding materials with the best consistency being obtained between (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I) and Pb-207/Pb-206 ages of angrites. (Hf-182/Hf-180)(sub I) decreases with decreasing Pb-207/Pb-206 ages at the rate expected from the 8.90+/-0.09 Ma half-life of Hf-182. However, the model "<span class="hlt">CAI</span> age" thus determined, T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>,Mn-W) = 4568.6+/-0.7 Ma, is older than the commonly accepted directly measured value T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>) = 4567.l+/-0.2 Ma. I(Al)(sub I), and (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I) are less consistent with Pb-207/Pb-206 ages, but determine T(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, Mn-Cr) = 4568.3+/-0.5 Ma relative to I(AI)(sub <span class="hlt">CAI</span>)= 5.1 x 10(exp -5</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184081','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184081"><span>Cortisol-dependent stress effects on cell distribution in healthy individuals and individuals suffering from chronic adrenal insufficiency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Geiger, Ashley M; Pitts, Kenneth P; Feldkamp, Joachim; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta M</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Chronic adrenal insufficiency (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is characterized by a lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production due to destroyed adrenal cortex cells. However, elevated cortisol secretion is thought to be a central part in a well-orchestrated immune response to stress. This raises the question to what extent lack of cortisol in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects stress-related changes in immune processes. To address this question, 28 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (20 females) and 18 healthy individuals (11 females) (age: 44.3 ± 8.4 years) were exposed to a psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST). Half the patients received a 0.03 mg/kg body weight injection of hydrocortisone (HC) post-TSST to mimic a healthy cortisol stress response. Catecholamines and immune cell composition were assessed in peripheral blood and free cortisol measured in saliva collected before and repeatedly after TSST. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients showed norepinephrine (NE) stress responses similar to healthy participants, however, epinephrine (E) as well as cortisol levels were significantly lower. HC treatment post-TSST resulted in cortisol increases comparable to those observed in healthy participants (interaction effects--NE: F=1.05, p=.41; E: F=2.56, p=.045; cortisol: F=13.28, p<.001). Healthy individuals showed the expected pattern of stress-related early lymphocyte increase with subsequent decrease below baseline. The opposite pattern was observed in granulocytes. While exhibiting a similar initial increase, lymphocytes kept increasing over the following 2h in untreated patients. HC treatment buffered this effect (interaction effects--lymphocyte%: F=7.31, p<.001; granulocyte%: F=7.71, p<.001). Using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in humans as a model confirms cortisol's central involvement in post-stress lymphocyte migration from blood into immune-relevant body compartments. As such, future studies should <span class="hlt">investigate</span> whether psychosocial stress exposure may put <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients at an increased health risk due to attenuated immune responses to pathogens</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5526346','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5526346"><span>Cortisol-dependent stress effects on cell distribution in healthy individuals and individuals suffering from chronic adrenal insufficiency</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Geiger, Ashley M.; Pitts, Kenneth P.; Feldkamp, Joachim; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Chronic adrenal insufficiency (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) is characterized by a lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production due to destroyed adrenal cortex cells. However, elevated cortisol secretion is thought to be a central part in a well-orchestrated immune response to stress. This raises the question to what extent lack of cortisol in <span class="hlt">CAI</span> affects stress-related changes in immune processes. To address this question, 28 <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients (20 females) and 18 healthy individuals (11 females) (age: 44.3 ± 8.4 years) were exposed to a psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST). Half the patients received a 0.03 mg/kg body weight injection of hydrocortisone (HC) post-TSST to mimic a healthy cortisol stress response. Catecholamines and immune cell composition were assessed in peripheral blood and free cortisol measured in saliva collected before and repeatedly after TSST. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients showed norepinephrine (NE) stress responses similar to healthy participants, however, epinephrine (E) as well as cortisol levels were significantly lower. HC treatment post-TSST resulted in cortisol increases comparable to those observed in healthy participants (interaction effects – NE: F = 1.05, p = .41; E: F = 2.56, p = .045; cortisol: F = 13.28, p < .001). Healthy individuals showed the expected pattern of stress-related early lymphocyte increase with subsequent decrease below baseline. The opposite pattern was observed in granulocytes. While exhibiting a similar initial increase, lymphocytes kept increasing over the following 2 h in untreated patients. HC treatment buffered this effect (interaction effects – lymphocyte%: F = 7.31, p < .001; granulocyte%: F = 7.71, p < .001). Using <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in humans as a model confirms cortisol’s central involvement in post-stress lymphocyte migration from blood into immune-relevant body compartments. As such, future studies should <span class="hlt">investigate</span> whether psychosocial stress exposure may put <span class="hlt">CAI</span> patients at an increased health risk due to attenuated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potomac&pg=4&id=ED259039','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potomac&pg=4&id=ED259039"><span>A Decade of New Opportunity: Affirmative <span class="hlt">Action</span> in the 1970s.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hammerman, Herbert</p> <p></p> <p>This study <span class="hlt">investigates</span> whether there were significant changes in the employment patterns of minorities and women in the 1970s, whether any such changes resulted from affirmative <span class="hlt">action</span>, and whether affirmative <span class="hlt">action</span> brought about fundamental changes in discriminatory personnel practices and systems. (Affirmative <span class="hlt">action</span> here refers to that…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=swords&pg=4&id=EJ885314','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=swords&pg=4&id=EJ885314"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Planning in Typically and Atypically Developing Children (Unilateral Cerebral Palsy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Craje, Celine; Aarts, Pauline; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, Maria; Steenbergen, Bert</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In the present study, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the development of <span class="hlt">action</span> planning in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP, aged 3-6 years, n = 24) and an age matched control group. To <span class="hlt">investigate</span> <span class="hlt">action</span> planning, participants performed a sequential movement task. They had to grasp an object (a wooden play sword) and place the sword in a hole in a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257157"><span>Identity and collective <span class="hlt">action</span> among European Kurds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ufkes, Elze G; Dovidio, John F; Tel, Gulizar</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>This research <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the role of group-based anger and efficacy in explaining the effects of subgroup (ethnic) and common (European) identity on collective <span class="hlt">action</span> among Kurds in Europe responding to different types of disadvantage. Whereas stronger Kurdish identity positively predicted intentions for collective <span class="hlt">action</span> (mediated by anger and efficacy), stronger common ingroup identity was negatively related to collective <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions. This effect occurred primarily when structural disadvantage was salient, not when attention was drawn to a specific incident of disadvantage, and was mediated by anger but not efficacy. The findings complement recent work demonstrating that intergroup harmony can undermine social change, suggesting that stronger common-group identification reduces collective <span class="hlt">action</span> by reducing minority-group members' sensitivity to potential bias against them. © 2014 The British Psychological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304423','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304423"><span>A study of <span class="hlt">actions</span> in operative notes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yan; Pakhomov, Serguei; Burkart, Nora E; Ryan, James O; Melton, Genevieve B</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Operative notes contain rich information about techniques, instruments, and materials used in procedures. To assist development of effective information extraction (IE) techniques for operative notes, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the sublanguage used to describe <span class="hlt">actions</span> within the operative report 'procedure description' section. Deep parsing results of 362,310 operative notes with an expanded Stanford parser using the SPECIALIST Lexicon resulted in 200 verbs (92% coverage) including 147 <span class="hlt">action</span> verbs. Nominal <span class="hlt">action</span> predicates for each <span class="hlt">action</span> verb were gathered from WordNet, SPECIALIST Lexicon, New Oxford American Dictionary and Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Coverage gaps were seen in existing lexical, domain, and semantic resources (Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus, SPECIALIST Lexicon, WordNet and FrameNet). Our findings demonstrate the need to construct surgical domain-specific semantic resources for IE from operative notes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842246','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842246"><span>Your <span class="hlt">actions</span> in my cerebellum: subclinical deficits in <span class="hlt">action</span> observation in patients with unilateral chronic cerebellar stroke.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cattaneo, Luigi; Fasanelli, Monica; Andreatta, Olaf; Bonifati, Domenico Marco; Barchiesi, Guido; Caruana, Fausto</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Empirical evidence indicates that cognitive consequences of cerebellar lesions tend to be mild and less important than the symptoms due to lesions to cerebral areas. By contrast, imaging studies consistently report strong cerebellar activity during tasks of <span class="hlt">action</span> observation and <span class="hlt">action</span> understanding. This has been interpreted as part of the automatic motor simulation process that takes place in the context of <span class="hlt">action</span> observation. The function of the cerebellum as a sequencer during executed movements makes it a good candidate, within the framework of embodied cognition, for a pivotal role in understanding the timing of <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences. Here, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> a cohort of eight patients with chronic, first-ever, isolated, ischemic lesions of the cerebellum. The experimental task consisted in identifying a plausible sequence of pictures from a randomly ordered group of still frames extracted from (a) a complex <span class="hlt">action</span> performed by a human actor ("biological <span class="hlt">action</span>" test) or (b) a complex physical event occurring to an inanimate object ("folk physics" test). A group of 16 healthy participants was used as control. The main result showed that cerebellar patients performed significantly worse than controls in both sequencing tasks, but performed much worse in the "biological <span class="hlt">action</span>" test than in the "folk physics" test. The dissociation described here suggests that observed sequences of simple motor acts seem to be represented differentially from other sequences in the cerebellum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA065010','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA065010"><span>OH-58 Composite Main Rotor Blade Preliminary Design <span class="hlt">Investigation</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1978-11-01</p> <p>of Damage on Root Loads. . . .... .......... 138 59 Effect of Damage on Fixed Hub Vertical Forces . . . 139 60 Schematic of Impact Test Fixture...LINE C •.. ~~OSTN .-- cs VRr -7 Ai . 60 (TYP)1.65] 3.30 "TWIST REp? LINE e ~ ~ ~ _l H,,i...%-.lORI.ZONTAL REF $UNE .- 2. 4 .. , +-+ Figure 4. OH-58<span class="hlt">C/A...I</span> 0 -- . .. . . . . -- - -- _ . .. I-z _-- .. ~>0 co 0 0 4 wU) 04 C;C4t44 %0 400 a cH cmI C4 to co 4a co 60 c 0 1 o c4 % ol WA</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/825296','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/825296"><span>Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document for Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: Revision 0, Including Errata Sheet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office</p> <p>2004-04-01</p> <p>This Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Decision Document identifies the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office's corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternative recommendation for each of the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> sites (CASs) within Corrective <span class="hlt">Action</span> Unit (CAU) 204: Storage Bunkers, Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nevada, under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. An evaluation of analytical data from the corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> <span class="hlt">investigation</span>, review of current and future operations at each CAS, and a detailed comparative analysis of potential corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> alternatives were used to determine the appropriate corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for each CAS. There are six CASs in CAU 204, which aremore » all located between Areas 1, 2, 3, and 5 on the NTS. The No Further <span class="hlt">Action</span> alternative was recommended for CASs 01-34-01, 02-34-01, 03-34-01, and 05-99-02; and a Closure in Place with Administrative Controls recommendation was the preferred corrective <span class="hlt">action</span> for CASs 05-18-02 and 05-33-01. These alternatives were judged to meet all requirements for the technical components evaluated as well as applicable state and federal regulations for closure of the sites and will eliminate potential future exposure pathways to the contaminated media at CAU 204.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25089880','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25089880"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> preferences and the anticipation of <span class="hlt">action</span> outcomes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mann, David L; Schaefers, Teuntje; Cañal-Bruland, Rouwen</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Skilled performers of time-constrained motor <span class="hlt">actions</span> acquire information about the <span class="hlt">action</span> preferences of their opponents in an effort to better anticipate the outcome of that opponent's <span class="hlt">actions</span>. However, there is reason to doubt that knowledge of an opponent's <span class="hlt">action</span> preferences would unequivocally influence anticipatory responses in a positive way. It is possible that overt information about an opponent's <span class="hlt">actions</span> could distract skilled performers from using the advance kinematic information they would usually rely on to anticipate <span class="hlt">actions</span>, particularly when the opponent performs an 'unexpected' <span class="hlt">action</span> that is not in accordance with his or her previous behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine how the ability to anticipate the outcome of an opponent's <span class="hlt">actions</span> can be influenced by exposure to the <span class="hlt">action</span> preferences of that opponent. Two groups of skilled handball goalkeepers anticipated the direction of penalty throws performed by opponents before and after a training intervention that provided situational probability information in the form of <span class="hlt">action</span> preferences (AP). During the training phase participants in an AP-training group anticipated the <span class="hlt">action</span> outcomes of two throwers who had a strong preference to throw in one particular direction, whilst participants in a NP-training group viewed players who threw equally to all directions. Exposure to opponents who did have an <span class="hlt">action</span> preference during the training phase resulted in improved anticipatory performance if the opponent continued to bias their throws towards their preferred direction, but decreased performance if the opponent did not. These findings highlight that skilled observers use information about <span class="hlt">action</span> preferences to enhance their anticipatory ability, but that doing so can be disadvantageous when the outcomes are no longer consistent with their generated expectations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412643','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412643"><span>My <span class="hlt">action</span> lasts longer: Potential link between subjective time and agency during voluntary <span class="hlt">action</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Imaizumi, Shu; Asai, Tomohisa</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Time perception distorts across different phases of bodily movement. During motor execution, sensory feedback matching an internal sensorimotor prediction is perceived to last longer. The sensorimotor prediction also underlies sense of agency. We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> association between subjective time and agency during voluntary <span class="hlt">action</span>. Participants performed hand <span class="hlt">action</span> while watching a video feedback of their hand with various delays to manipulate agency. The perceived duration and agency over the video feedback were judged. Minimal delay of the video feedback resulted in longer perceived duration than the actual duration and stronger agency, while substantial feedback delay resulted in shorter perceived duration and weaker agency. These fluctuations of perceived duration and agency were nullified by the feedback of other's hand instead of their own, but not by inverted feedback from a third-person perspective. Subjective time during <span class="hlt">action</span> might be associated with agency stemming from sensorimotor prediction, and self-other distinction based on bodily appearance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT........85F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT........85F"><span>Effect of computer-aided instruction versus traditional modes on student PT's learning musculoskeletal special tests</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ford, Gregory Scott</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Title. Effect of computer-aided instruction versus traditional modes on student PT's learning musculoskeletal special tests. Problem. Lack of quantitative evidence to support the use of computer-aided instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in PT education for both the cognitive and psychomotor domains and lack of qualitative support as to an understanding why <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may or may not be effective. Design. 3 group single-blind pre-test, immediate post-test, final post-test repeated measures with qualitative survey for the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Methods. Subjects were randomly assigned to <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, live demonstration or textbook learning groups. Three novel special tests were instructed. Analysis of performance on written and practical examinations was conducted across the 3 repeated measures. A qualitative survey was completed by the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group post intervention. Results. <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is equally as effective as live demonstration and textbook learning of musculoskeletal special tests in the cognitive domain, however, <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was superior to live demonstration and textbook instruction at final post-testing. Significance. The significance of this research is that a gap in the literature of PT education needs to be bridged as it pertains to the effect of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> on learning in both the cognitive and psychomotor domains as well as attempt to understand why <span class="hlt">CAI</span> results in certain student performance. The methods of this study allowed for a wide range of generalizability to any and all PT programs across the country.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5094842','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5094842"><span>Modulation of the Fibularis Longus Hoffmann Reflex and Postural Instability Associated With Chronic Ankle Instability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kim, Kyung-Min; Hart, Joseph M.; Saliba, Susan A.; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) present with decreased modulation of the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) from a simple to a more challenging task. The neural alteration is associated with impaired postural control, but the relationship has not been <span class="hlt">investigated</span> in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Objective: To determine differences in H-reflex modulation and postural control between individuals with or without <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and to identify if they are correlated in individuals with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 15 volunteers with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> (9 males, 6 females; age = 22.6 ± 5.8 years, height = 174.7 ± 8.1 cm, mass = 74.9 ± 12.8 kg) and 15 healthy sex-matched volunteers serving as controls (9 males, 6 females; age = 23.8 ± 5.8 years, height = 171.9 ± 9.9 cm, mass = 68.9 ± 15.5 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and motor wave (Mmax) from the soleus and fibularis longus were recorded while participants lay prone and then stood in unipedal stance. We assessed postural tasks of unipedal stance with participants' eyes closed for 10 seconds using a forceplate. Main Outcome Measure(s): We normalized Hmax to Mmax to obtain Hmax : Mmax ratios for the 2 positions. For each muscle, H-reflex modulation was quantified using the percentage change scores in Hmax : Mmax ratios calculated from prone position to unipedal stance. Center-of-pressure data were used to compute 4 time-to-boundary variables. Separate independent-samples t tests were performed to determine group differences. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated between the modulation and balance measures in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group. Results: The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group presented less H-reflex modulation in the soleus (t26 = −3.77, P = .001) and fibularis longus (t25 = −2.59, P = .02). The mean of the time-to-boundary minima in the anteroposterior direction was lower in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> group (t28 = −2.06, P = .048</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087234','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087234"><span>Interference from related <span class="hlt">actions</span> in spoken word production: Behavioural and fMRI evidence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Zubicaray, Greig; Fraser, Douglas; Ramajoo, Kori; McMahon, Katie</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Few <span class="hlt">investigations</span> of lexical access in spoken word production have <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in <span class="hlt">action</span> naming. These are likely to be more complex than the mechanisms involved in object naming, due to the ways in which conceptual features of <span class="hlt">action</span> words are represented. The present study employed a blocked cyclic naming paradigm to examine whether related <span class="hlt">action</span> contexts elicit a semantic interference effect akin to that observed with categorically related objects. Participants named pictures of intransitive <span class="hlt">actions</span> to avoid a confound with object processing. In Experiment 1, body-part related <span class="hlt">actions</span> (e.g., running, walking, skating, hopping) were named significantly slower compared to unrelated <span class="hlt">actions</span> (e.g., laughing, running, waving, hiding). Experiment 2 employed perfusion functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the neural mechanisms involved in this semantic interference effect. Compared to unrelated <span class="hlt">actions</span>, naming related <span class="hlt">actions</span> elicited significant perfusion signal increases in frontotemporal cortex, including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and hippocampus, and decreases in bilateral posterior temporal, occipital and parietal cortices, including intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The findings demonstrate a role for temporoparietal cortex in conceptual-lexical processing of intransitive <span class="hlt">action</span> knowledge during spoken word production, and support the proposed involvement of interference resolution and incremental learning mechanisms in the blocked cyclic naming paradigm. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371658','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371658"><span>Contributing factors to chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hubbard, Tricia J; Kramer, Lauren C; Denegar, Craig R; Hertel, Jay</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>The development of repetitive ankle sprains and persistent symptoms after initial ankle sprain has been termed chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). There is no clear indication of which measures are most important in discriminating between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Thirty subjects with unilateral <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and controls had measures of ankle laxity and hypomobility, static and dynamic balance, ankle and hip strength, lower extremity alignments, and flexibility taken on both limbs. Based on comparisons of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> ankles and side-matched limbs in controls, the measures significantly predictive of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were increased inversion laxity (r(2) change = 0.203), increased anterior laxity (r(2) change = 0.11), more missed balance trials (r(2) change = 0.094), and lower plantarflexion to dorsiflexion peak torque (r(2) change = 0.052). Symmetry indices comparing the side-to-side differences of each measure also were calculated for each dependent variable and compared between groups. The measures significantly predictive of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were decreased anterior reach (r(2) change = 0.185), decreased plantarflexion peak torque (r(2) change = 0.099), decreased posterior medial reach (r(2) change = 0.094), and increased inversion laxity (r(2) change = 0.041). The results of this study elucidate the specific measures that best discriminate between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Both mechanical (anterior and inversion laxity) and functional (strength, dynamic balance) insufficiencies significantly contribute to the etiology of <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Prevention of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> may be possible with proper initial management of the acute injury with rehabilitation aimed at those factors that best discriminate between individuals with and without <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16032754','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16032754"><span>Design and utility of a web-based computer-assisted instructional tool for neuroanatomy self-study and review for physical and occupational therapy graduate students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Foreman, K Bo; Morton, David A; Musolino, Gina Maria; Albertine, Kurt H</p> <p>2005-07-01</p> <p>The cadaver continues to be the primary tool to teach human gross anatomy. However, cadavers are not available to students outside of the teaching laboratory. A solution is to make course content available through computer-assisted instruction (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). While <span class="hlt">CAI</span> is commonly used as an ancillary teaching tool for anatomy, use of screen space, annotations that obscure the image, and restricted interactivity have limited the utility of such teaching tools. To address these limitations, we designed a Web-based <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool that optimizes use of screen space, uses annotations that do not decrease the clarity of the images, and incorporates interactivity across different operating systems and browsers. To assess the design and utility of our <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, we conducted a prospective evaluation of 43 graduate students enrolled in neuroanatomy taught by the Divisions of Physical and Occupational Therapy at the University of Utah, College of Health. A questionnaire addressed navigation, clarity of the images, benefit of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, and rating of the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool compared to traditional learning tools. Results showed that 88% of the respondents strongly agreed that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was easy to navigate and overall beneficial. Eighty-four percent strongly agreed that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was educational in structure identification and had clear images. Furthermore, 95% of the respondents thought that the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool was much to somewhat better than traditional learning tools. We conclude that the design of a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> tool, with minimal limitations, provides a useful ancillary tool for human neuroanatomy instruction. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255867"><span>Plant growth-promoting activities of Streptomyces spp. in sorghum and rice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gopalakrishnan, Subramaniam; Srinivas, Vadlamudi; Sree Vidya, Meesala; Rathore, Abhishek</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Five strains of Streptomyces (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-121, <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-127, KAI-32 and KAI-90) were earlier reported by us as biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC). In the present study, the Streptomyces were characterized for enzymatic activities, physiological traits and further evaluated in greenhouse and field for their plant growth promotion (PGP) of sorghum and rice. All the Streptomyces produced lipase, β-1-3-glucanase and chitinase (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-121 and <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-127), grew in NaCl concentrations of up to 6%, at pH values between 5 and 13 and temperatures between 20 and 40°C and were highly sensitive to Thiram, Benlate, Captan, Benomyl and Radonil at field application level. When the Streptomyces were evaluated in the greenhouse on sorghum all the isolates significantly enhanced all the agronomic traits over the control. In the field, on rice, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced stover yield (up to 25%; except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), grain yield (up to 10%), total dry matter (up to 18%; except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24) and root length, volume and dry weight (up to 15%, 36% and 55%, respectively, except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24) over the control. In the rhizosphere soil, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced microbial biomass carbon (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), nitrogen, dehydrogenase (except <span class="hlt">CAI</span>-24), total N, available P and organic carbon (up to 41%, 52%, 75%, 122%, 53% and 13%, respectively) over the control. This study demonstrates that the selected Streptomyces which were antagonistic to FOC also have PGP properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3670341','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3670341"><span>182Hf–182W age dating of a 26Al-poor inclusion and implications for the origin of short-lived radioisotopes in the early Solar System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Holst, Jesper C.; Olsen, Mia B.; Paton, Chad; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Schiller, Martin; Wielandt, Daniel; Larsen, Kirsten K.; Connelly, James N.; Jørgensen, Jes K.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nordlund, Åke; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Refractory inclusions [calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions, (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>)] represent the oldest Solar System solids and provide information regarding the formation of the Sun and its protoplanetary disk. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain evidence of now extinct short-lived radioisotopes (e.g., 26Al, 41Ca, and 182Hf) synthesized in one or multiple stars and added to the protosolar molecular cloud before or during its collapse. Understanding how and when short-lived radioisotopes were added to the Solar System is necessary to assess their validity as chronometers and constrain the birthplace of the Sun. Whereas most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed with the canonical abundance of 26Al corresponding to 26Al/27Al of ∼5 × 10−5, rare <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with fractionation and unidentified nuclear isotope effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) record nucleosynthetic isotopic heterogeneity and 26Al/27Al of <5 × 10−6, possibly reflecting their formation before canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Thus, FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may provide a unique window into the earliest Solar System, including the origin of short-lived radioisotopes. However, their chronology is unknown. Using the 182Hf–182W chronometer, we show that a FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> recording a condensation origin from a solar gas formed coevally with canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but with 26Al/27Al of ∼3 × 10−6. The decoupling between 182Hf and 26Al requires distinct stellar origins: steady-state galactic stellar nucleosynthesis for 182Hf and late-stage contamination of the protosolar molecular cloud by a massive star(s) for 26Al. Admixing of stellar-derived 26Al to the protoplanetary disk occurred during the epoch of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and, therefore, the 26Al–26Mg systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> cannot be used to define their formation interval. In contrast, our results support 182Hf homogeneity and chronological significance of the 182Hf–182W clock. PMID:23671077</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671077','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671077"><span>182Hf-182W age dating of a 26Al-poor inclusion and implications for the origin of short-lived radioisotopes in the early Solar System.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holst, Jesper C; Olsen, Mia B; Paton, Chad; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Schiller, Martin; Wielandt, Daniel; Larsen, Kirsten K; Connelly, James N; Jørgensen, Jes K; Krot, Alexander N; Nordlund, Ake; Bizzarro, Martin</p> <p>2013-05-28</p> <p>Refractory inclusions [calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>)] represent the oldest Solar System solids and provide information regarding the formation of the Sun and its protoplanetary disk. <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> contain evidence of now extinct short-lived radioisotopes (e.g., (26)Al, (41)Ca, and (182)Hf) synthesized in one or multiple stars and added to the protosolar molecular cloud before or during its collapse. Understanding how and when short-lived radioisotopes were added to the Solar System is necessary to assess their validity as chronometers and constrain the birthplace of the Sun. Whereas most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed with the canonical abundance of (26)Al corresponding to (26)Al/(27)Al of ∼5 × 10(-5), rare <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> with fractionation and unidentified nuclear isotope effects (FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) record nucleosynthetic isotopic heterogeneity and (26)Al/(27)Al of <5 × 10(-6), possibly reflecting their formation before canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>. Thus, FUN <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> may provide a unique window into the earliest Solar System, including the origin of short-lived radioisotopes. However, their chronology is unknown. Using the (182)Hf-(182)W chronometer, we show that a FUN <span class="hlt">CAI</span> recording a condensation origin from a solar gas formed coevally with canonical <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, but with (26)Al/(27)Al of ∼3 × 10(-6). The decoupling between (182)Hf and (26)Al requires distinct stellar origins: steady-state galactic stellar nucleosynthesis for (182)Hf and late-stage contamination of the protosolar molecular cloud by a massive star(s) for (26)Al. Admixing of stellar-derived (26)Al to the protoplanetary disk occurred during the epoch of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formation and, therefore, the (26)Al-(26)Mg systematics of <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> cannot be used to define their formation interval. In contrast, our results support (182)Hf homogeneity and chronological significance of the (182)Hf-(182)W clock.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=robot&pg=5&id=EJ993756','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=robot&pg=5&id=EJ993756"><span>When Humanoid Robots Become Human-Like Interaction Partners: Corepresentation of Robotic <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stenzel, Anna; Chinellato, Eris; Bou, Maria A. Tirado; del Pobil, Angel P.; Lappe, Markus; Liepelt, Roman</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In human-human interactions, corepresenting a partner's <span class="hlt">actions</span> is crucial to successfully adjust and coordinate <span class="hlt">actions</span> with others. Current research suggests that <span class="hlt">action</span> corepresentation is restricted to interactions between human agents facilitating social interaction with conspecifics. In this study, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether action…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185906','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185906"><span>Divalent europium doped and un-doped calcium iodide scintillators: Scintillator characterization and single crystal growth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Boatner, L. A.; Ramey, J. O.; Kolopus, J. A.</p> <p>2015-02-21</p> <p>Initially, the alkaline-earth scintillator, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+, was discovered around 1964 by Hofstadter, Odell, and Schmidt. Serious practical problems quickly arose, however, that were associated with the growth of large monolithic single crystals of this material due to its lamellar, mica-like structure. As a result of its theoretically higher light yield, <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ has the potential to exceed the excellent scintillation performance of SrI 2:Eu 2+. In fact, theoretical predictions for the light yield of <span class="hlt">CaI</span>2:Eu 2+ scintillators suggested that an energy resolution approaching 2% at 662 keV could be achievable. Like the early SrI 2:Eu 2+ scintillator, themore » performance of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ scintillators has traditionally suffered due, at least in part, to outdated materials synthesis, component stoichiometry/purity, and single-crystal-growth techniques. Based on our recent work on SrI 2:Eu 2+ scintillators in single-crystal form, we have developed new techniques that are applied here to <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and pure <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 with the goal of growing large un-cracked crystals and, potentially, realizing the theoretically predicted performance of the <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ form of this material. Calcium iodide does not adhere to modern glassy carbon Bridgman crucibles - so there should be no differential thermal-contraction-induced crystal/crucible stresses on cooling that would result in crystal cracking of the lamellar structure of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2. Here we apply glassy carbon crucible Bridgman growth, high-purity growth-charge compounds, our molten salt processing/filtration technique, and extended vacuum-melt-pumping methods to the growth of both <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and un-doped <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2. Moreover, large scintillating single crystals were obtained, and detailed characterization studies of the scintillation properties of <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2:Eu 2+ and pure <span class="hlt">CaI</span> 2 single crystals are presented that include studies of the effects of plastic deformation of the crystals on the scintillator performance.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6020Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LPICo1987.6020Y"><span>Origin of Spinel Framboids in Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yoshizaki, T.; Nakashima, D.; Nakamura, T.; Ishida, H.; Sakamoto, N.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Mineralogical, petrological and O-isotopic study of a CV <span class="hlt">CAI</span> suggests that spinel framboids in the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were originally mini-<span class="hlt">CAIs</span> that condensed separately under different conditions and subsequently aggregated to form the inclusion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3669743','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3669743"><span>Choosing <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rosenbaum, David A.; Chapman, Kate M.; Coelho, Chase J.; Gong, Lanyun; Studenka, Breanna E.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Actions</span> that are chosen have properties that distinguish them from <span class="hlt">actions</span> that are not. Of the nearly infinite possible <span class="hlt">actions</span> that can achieve any given task, many of the unchosen <span class="hlt">actions</span> are irrelevant, incorrect, or inappropriate. Others are relevant, correct, or appropriate but are disfavored for other reasons. Our research focuses on the question of what distinguishes <span class="hlt">actions</span> that are chosen from <span class="hlt">actions</span> that are possible but are not. We review studies that use simple preference methods to identify factors that contribute to <span class="hlt">action</span> choices, especially for object-manipulation tasks. We can determine which factors are especially important through simple behavioral experiments. PMID:23761769</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462039','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462039"><span>Over-imitation is not automatic: context sensitivity in children's overimitation and <span class="hlt">action</span> interpretation of causally irrelevant <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Keupp, Stefanie; Behne, Tanya; Zachow, Joanna; Kasbohm, Alina; Rakoczy, Hannes</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Recent research has documented the robust tendency of children to "over-imitate," that is, to copy causally irrelevant <span class="hlt">action</span> elements in goal-directed <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences. Different explanations for over-imitation have been proposed. Causal accounts claim that children mistakenly perceive such <span class="hlt">action</span> elements as causally relevant and, therefore, imitate them. Affiliation accounts claim that children over-imitate to affiliate with the model. Normative accounts claim that children conceive of causally irrelevant <span class="hlt">actions</span> as essential parts of an overarching conventional activity. These different accounts generally hold the same predictions regarding children's imitative response. However, it is possible to distinguish between them when one considers additional parameters. The normative account predicts wide-ranging flexibility with regard to <span class="hlt">action</span> interpretation and the occurrence of over-imitation. First, it predicts spontaneous protest against norm violators who omit the causally irrelevant <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Second, children should perform the causally irrelevant <span class="hlt">actions</span> less frequently, and criticize others less frequently for omitting them, when the <span class="hlt">actions</span> take place in a different context from the one of the initial demonstration. Such flexibility is not predicted by causal accounts and is predicted for only a limited range of contexts by affiliation accounts. Study 1 <span class="hlt">investigated</span> children's own imitative response and found less over-imitation when children acted in a different context from when they acted in the same context as the initial demonstration. In Study 2, children criticized a puppet less frequently for omitting irrelevant <span class="hlt">actions</span> when the puppet acted in a different context. The results support the notion that over-imitation is not an automatic and inflexible phenomenon. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA244181','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA244181"><span>An <span class="hlt">Investigation</span> into the Use of Computer-Assisted Instruction to Present Basic English Grammar Concepts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1991-09-01</p> <p>involved in choosing hardware and so-ftware for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> "are.the lesson objectives and the future needs of the instructor and student" (18:6-2). And...did not cover the graiTmatical errors nighlighted by the survey of subject-matter ’experts. Future research should include an expansion of, or...display any hypertext document. This tutorial covered basic English grammar concepts. Future research should address the possibilities of developing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=volunteer+AND+learning&pg=4&id=EJ950207','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=volunteer+AND+learning&pg=4&id=EJ950207"><span>Environmental Volunteers: Factors Influencing Their Involvement in Environmental <span class="hlt">Action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Liarakou, Georgia; Kostelou, Eleni; Gavrilakis, Costas</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> the factors that influence volunteers to become involved in environmental <span class="hlt">action</span>. The research focused on volunteers undertaking <span class="hlt">action</span> in summer camps organised by an environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Greece. The results suggest that the environmental issues addressed in volunteer…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730006498','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730006498"><span>Report of the Tape Recorder <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan Committee, 21 March 1972</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>A NASA/AF Tape Recorder <span class="hlt">Action</span> Plan Committee was formed in January 1972 to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> tape recorder problems and to recommend an <span class="hlt">action</span> plan to NASA management. The committee collected data on tape recorder failure history, pinpointed problem areas, discussed needed technical and management changes, and proposed an <span class="hlt">action</span> plan for the recommended approaches.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potential+AND+action&pg=3&id=EJ920190','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=potential+AND+action&pg=3&id=EJ920190"><span>A Self-Study of the Teaching of <span class="hlt">Action</span> Research in a University Context</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Choi, Jung-ah</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Despite the potential benefits of <span class="hlt">action</span> research, teaching <span class="hlt">action</span> research in a university setting can present challenges. Analyzing my own experiences of teaching a university-based course on <span class="hlt">action</span> research, this self-study <span class="hlt">investigates</span> what my students (all classroom teachers) did and did not understand about <span class="hlt">action</span> research and what hindered…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=visual+AND+semantic+AND+processing&pg=7&id=EJ830303','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=visual+AND+semantic+AND+processing&pg=7&id=EJ830303"><span>Short-term <span class="hlt">Action</span> Intentions Overrule Long-Term Semantic Knowledge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>van Elk, M.; van Schie, H.T.; Bekkering, H.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>In the present study, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether the preparation of an unusual <span class="hlt">action</span> with an object (e.g. bringing a cup towards the eye) could selectively overrule long-term semantic representations. In the first experiment it was found that unusual <span class="hlt">action</span> intentions activated short-term semantic goal representations, rather than long-term…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5056714','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5056714"><span>Virtual Morality: Transitioning from Moral Judgment to Moral <span class="hlt">Action</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Francis, Kathryn B.; Howard, Charles; Howard, Ian S.; Gummerum, Michaela; Ganis, Giorgio; Anderson, Grace; Terbeck, Sylvia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The nature of moral <span class="hlt">action</span> versus moral judgment has been extensively debated in numerous disciplines. We introduce Virtual Reality (VR) moral paradigms examining the <span class="hlt">action</span> individuals take in a high emotionally arousing, direct <span class="hlt">action</span>-focused, moral scenario. In two studies involving qualitatively different populations, we found a greater endorsement of utilitarian responses–killing one in order to save many others–when <span class="hlt">action</span> was required in moral virtual dilemmas compared to their judgment counterparts. Heart rate in virtual moral dilemmas was significantly increased when compared to both judgment counterparts and control virtual tasks. Our research suggests that moral <span class="hlt">action</span> may be viewed as an independent construct to moral judgment, with VR methods delivering new prospects for <span class="hlt">investigating</span> and assessing moral behaviour. PMID:27723826</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3956116','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3956116"><span>Everyday robotic <span class="hlt">action</span>: lessons from human <span class="hlt">action</span> control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>de Kleijn, Roy; Kachergis, George; Hommel, Bernhard</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Robots are increasingly capable of performing everyday human activities such as cooking, cleaning, and doing the laundry. This requires the real-time planning and execution of complex, temporally extended sequential <span class="hlt">actions</span> under high degrees of uncertainty, which provides many challenges to traditional approaches to robot <span class="hlt">action</span> control. We argue that important lessons in this respect can be learned from research on human <span class="hlt">action</span> control. We provide a brief overview of available psychological insights into this issue and focus on four principles that we think could be particularly beneficial for robot control: the integration of symbolic and subsymbolic planning of <span class="hlt">action</span> sequences, the integration of feedforward and feedback control, the clustering of complex <span class="hlt">actions</span> into subcomponents, and the contextualization of <span class="hlt">action</span>-control structures through goal representations. PMID:24672474</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414264','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414264"><span>Reliability and discriminative validity of sudden ankle inversion measurements in patients with chronic ankle instability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eechaute, Christophe; Vaes, Peter; Duquet, William; Van Gheluwe, Bart</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>Studies <span class="hlt">investigating</span> peroneal muscle reaction times in chronically unstable ankle joints present conflicting results. The degree of reliability and accuracy of these measurements is unknown in patients with chronic ankle instability (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>). 40 patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and 30 healthy subjects were tested using a sudden ankle inversion of 50 degrees while standing on a trapdoor device. Sudden ankle inversion measurements were registered using electromyography, accelerometry and electrogoniometry. For reliability testing, intra-class coefficients (ICCs; model 3,1) and standard errors of measurements of the latency time, motor response time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle, the time and angular position of onset of decelerations, the mean and maximum inversion speed and the total inversion time were calculated in 15 patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. To assess between-group differences, t-tests for independent samples (p<.05) were used. ICCs ranged from .20 (angular position of onset of the second deceleration) to .98 (electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle). Significant between-group differences were observed in only 2 of the 12 variables (for the electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle, p=.001; time of onset of the second deceleration, p=.040). The latency time and motor response time of the peroneus longus muscle, the total inversion time and the mean inversion speed demonstrate acceptable reliability in healthy subjects and patients. The latency time and motor response time of the peroneus longus muscle are not delayed in patients with <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Ankle inversion measurements are not discriminative for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7965802','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7965802"><span>Picomolar platelet-activating factor mobilizes Ca to change platelet shape without activating phospholipase C or protein kinase C; simultaneous fluorometric measurement of intracellular free Ca concentration and aggregation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>James-Kracke, M R; Sexe, R B; Shukla, S D</p> <p>1994-11-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to <span class="hlt">investigate</span> signal transduction mechanisms activated by low and high concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in rabbit platelets and to contrast the responses to those induced by thrombin. We measured changes in intracellular free calcium ([<span class="hlt">Ca++]i</span>) with fura2, while monitoring light scatter simultaneously as a measure of shape change and aggregation in a dual-excitation dual-emission spectrofluorometer. An abrupt 20% fall in light scatter, coincident with the peak of the [<span class="hlt">Ca++]i</span>, indicated shape change in Ca-containing or Ca-free medium and was blocked by BAPTA loading and 10 microM cytochalasin B. A secondary decline in light scatter, indicating aggregation, occurred only in Ca-containing medium and only under conditions favoring protein kinase C (PKC) activation. PAF at 10(-12) M did not increase 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate content, which suggested PKC would not be activated. However, PAF at 10(-12) rapidly increased [<span class="hlt">Ca++]i</span> to 900 nM in 7 sec seemingly by Ca influx through receptor-operated channels inducing shape change. PAF at 10(-9) and 10(-8) M increased [<span class="hlt">Ca++]i</span> to 2 microM in 12 sec and induced both shape change and aggregation. However, in platelets pretreated with 100 nM staurosporine to inhibit protein kinases, 10(-9) M PAF did not cause aggregation even though [<span class="hlt">Ca++]i</span> still rose to 2 microM, which indicated that PKC plays a role in aggregation but not in Ca++ mobilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol5-sec776-77.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol5-sec776-77.pdf"><span>32 CFR 776.77 - Related <span class="hlt">investigations</span> and <span class="hlt">actions</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... omissions by covered attorneys may constitute professional misconduct, criminal misconduct, poor performance... to appropriate civil authority. (c) Poor performance of duty is properly addressed by the covered USG... criminal conduct or poor performance of duty involving covered attorneys. When, however, <span class="hlt">investigations</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=information+AND+communication+AND+technology+AND+schools&pg=5&id=EJ977571','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=information+AND+communication+AND+technology+AND+schools&pg=5&id=EJ977571"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> Research and ICT Implementation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Krumsvik, Rune</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This emancipatory <span class="hlt">action</span> research study <span class="hlt">investigates</span> implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools. The case study examined retrospectively was part of a Norwegian ICT project called PILOT, the focus of which concerns the impact on school development of a locally developed Internet subject portal and study periods.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016HESS...20.3549C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016HESS...20.3549C"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span>-based flood forecasting for triggering humanitarian <span class="hlt">action</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Coughlan de Perez, Erin; van den Hurk, Bart; van Aalst, Maarten K.; Amuron, Irene; Bamanya, Deus; Hauser, Tristan; Jongma, Brenden; Lopez, Ana; Mason, Simon; Mendler de Suarez, Janot; Pappenberger, Florian; Rueth, Alexandra; Stephens, Elisabeth; Suarez, Pablo; Wagemaker, Jurjen; Zsoter, Ervin</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Too often, credible scientific early warning information of increased disaster risk does not result in humanitarian <span class="hlt">action</span>. With financial resources tilted heavily towards response after a disaster, disaster managers have limited incentive and ability to process complex scientific data, including uncertainties. These incentives are beginning to change, with the advent of several new forecast-based financing systems that provide funding based on a forecast of an extreme event. Given the changing landscape, here we demonstrate a method to select and use appropriate forecasts for specific humanitarian disaster prevention <span class="hlt">actions</span>, even in a data-scarce location. This <span class="hlt">action</span>-based forecasting methodology takes into account the parameters of each <span class="hlt">action</span>, such as <span class="hlt">action</span> lifetime, when verifying a forecast. Forecasts are linked with <span class="hlt">action</span> based on an understanding of (1) the magnitude of previous flooding events and (2) the willingness to act "in vain" for specific <span class="hlt">actions</span>. This is applied in the context of the Uganda Red Cross Society forecast-based financing pilot project, with forecasts from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). Using this method, we define the "danger level" of flooding, and we select the probabilistic forecast triggers that are appropriate for specific <span class="hlt">actions</span>. Results from this methodology can be applied globally across hazards and fed into a financing system that ensures that automatic, pre-funded early <span class="hlt">action</span> will be triggered by forecasts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26311467','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26311467"><span>The role of objects and effects in <span class="hlt">action</span> imitation: Comparing the imitation of object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> vs. gestures in 18-month-old infants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Ziyon; Óturai, Gabriella; Király, Ildikó; Knopf, Monika</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>This study aimed to systematically <span class="hlt">investigate</span> 18-month-old infants' imitation of object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> compared to motorically similar gestures. An additional goal of the study was to examine the role of <span class="hlt">action</span> effects on infants' imitation of target <span class="hlt">actions</span>. One group of infants (n=17) observed object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> and gestures leading to salient effects (sounds or visual resp. social effects), and the other group (n=16) watched the same <span class="hlt">actions</span> without effects. Furthermore, this study examined whether infants show a consistent imitation ability for object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> and gestures. First, the present study showed that 18-month-old infants imitated object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> more frequently than gestures. Second, the presence of an effect significantly increased the imitation rate of object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span>; however, this difference was not found for gestures. Third, indications for a general imitation ability were found as results on an individual level showed that object-related <span class="hlt">action</span> imitation significantly correlated with gesture imitation. Implications of the results for theory and future studies are discussed with a focus on the role of objects and effects in 18-month-old infants' <span class="hlt">action</span> imitation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564151','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564151"><span>Severe neutropenia at time of port insertion is not a risk factor for catheter-associated infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Junqueira, Beatriz L P; Connolly, Bairbre; Abla, Oussama; Tomlinson, George; Amaral, Joao G</p> <p>2010-09-15</p> <p>The objective of this study was to determine whether severe neutropenia on the day of port-a-catheter (PORT) insertion was a risk factor for catheter-associated infection (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This was a retrospective study of children with ALL who had a PORT insertion between January 2005 and August 2008. Early (≤ 30 days) and late (>30 days) postprocedure complications were reviewed. The length of follow-up ranged between 7 months and 42 months. In total, 192 PORTs were inserted in 179 children. There were 43 <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> (22%), and the infection rate was 0.35 per 1000 catheter-days. The <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rate (15%) in children who had severe neutropenia on the day of the procedure did not differ statistically from the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> rate (24%) in children who did not have severe neutropenia (P = .137). Conversely, patients with severe neutropenia who had a <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were more likely to have their PORT removed (P = .019). The most common organisms to cause catheter removal were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Patients with high-risk ALL had a statistically significant higher incidence of late <span class="hlt">CAI</span> than patients with standard-risk ALL (P = .012). Age (P = .272), positive blood culture preprocedure (P = 1.0), and dexamethasone use (P = .201) were not risk factors for <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. Patients who had an early <span class="hlt">CAI</span> did not have a greater chance of having a late <span class="hlt">CAI</span>. The catheter infection-free survival rate at 1 year was 88.6%. The current results indicated that severe neutropenia on the day of PORT insertion does not increase the risk of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> in children with ALL. © 2010 American Cancer Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...639.1227K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...639.1227K"><span>Aluminum-Magnesium and Oxygen Isotope Study of Relict Ca-Al-rich Inclusions in Chondrules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krot, Alexander N.; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Huss, Gary R.; Liffman, Kurt; Sahijpal, Sandeep; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Srinivasan, Gopalan; Bischoff, Adolph; Keil, Klaus</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Relict Ca-Al-rich inclusions (<span class="hlt">CAIs</span>) in chondrules crystallized before their host chondrules and were subsequently partly melted together with chondrule precursors during chondrule formation. Like most <span class="hlt">CAIs</span>, relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> are 16O enriched (Δ17O<-20‰) compared to their host chondrules (Δ17O>-9‰). Hibonite in a relict <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Adelaide has a large excess of radiogenic 26Mg (26Mg*) from the decay of 26Al, corresponding to an initial 26Al/27Al ratio [(26Al/27Al)I] of (3.7+/-0.5)×10-5 in contrast, melilite in this <span class="hlt">CAI</span> and plagioclase in the host chondrule show no evidence for 26Mg* [(26Al/27Al)I of <5×10-6]. Grossite in a relict <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from the CH carbonaceous chondrite PAT 91546 has little 26Mg*, corresponding to a (26Al/27Al)I of (1.7+/-1.3)×10-6. Three other relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> and their host chondrules from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094, CH chondrite Acfer 182, and H3.4 ordinary chondrite Sharps do not have detectable 26Mg* [(26Al/27Al)I<1×10-5, <(4-6)×10-6, and <1.3×10-5, respectively]. Isotopic data combined with mineralogical observations suggest that relict <span class="hlt">CAIs</span> formed in an 16O-rich gaseous reservoir before their host chondrules, which originated in an 16O-poor gas. The Adelaide <span class="hlt">CAI</span> was incorporated into its host chondrule after 26Al had mostly decayed, at least 2 Myr after the <span class="hlt">CAI</span> formed, and this event reset 26Al-26Mg systematics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582683"><span><span class="hlt">Action</span> recognition is sensitive to the identity of the actor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ferstl, Ylva; Bülthoff, Heinrich; de la Rosa, Stephan</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Recognizing who is carrying out an <span class="hlt">action</span> is essential for successful human interaction. The cognitive mechanisms underlying this ability are little understood and have been subject of discussions in embodied approaches to <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition. Here we examine one solution, that visual <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition processes are at least partly sensitive to the actor's identity. We <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the dependency between identity information and <span class="hlt">action</span> related processes by testing the sensitivity of neural <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition processes to clothing and facial identity information with a behavioral adaptation paradigm. Our results show that <span class="hlt">action</span> adaptation effects are in fact modulated by both clothing information and the actor's facial identity. The finding demonstrates that neural processes underlying <span class="hlt">action</span> recognition are sensitive to identity information (including facial identity) and thereby not exclusively tuned to <span class="hlt">actions</span>. We suggest that such response properties are useful to help humans in knowing who carried out an <span class="hlt">action</span>. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185094"><span>A Theory-Based Exploration of Condomless Anal Intercourse Intention Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men of Different Sexual Roles in Taiwan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chu, Jen-Hao; Huang, Jiun-Hau</p> <p>2017-11-28</p> <p>In recent years, men who have sex with men (MSM) have accounted for over 80% of all new HIV cases in Taiwan. More than 70% of new cases have occurred in those aged 15-34 years. Condomless anal intercourse (<span class="hlt">CAI</span>) has been identified as the main route of HIV transmission among MSM. To systematically examine <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention and associated factors among young MSM in Taiwan, an anonymous online survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was conducted. Data from 694 MSM aged 15-39 years were included in the analysis. This study found that, overall, all five TPB factors (i.e., attitudes toward positive and negative outcomes regarding <span class="hlt">CAI</span>, perceived support for <span class="hlt">CAI</span> from important others, and perceived behavioral control of <span class="hlt">CAI</span> under facilitating and constraining conditions) were significantly associated with <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention. When data were stratified by sexual role (i.e., receptive, versatile, and insertive), the associations between TPB factors and <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention varied. Of the five TPB factors, positive attitudes toward positive outcomes regarding <span class="hlt">CAI</span> were most strongly associated with high <span class="hlt">CAI</span> intention (AOR 5.68 for all young MSM; AOR 3.80-15.93, depending on sexual role). Findings from this study could inform the development of theory-driven HIV prevention programs as well as future research and practice. These results also highlight the importance of tailoring HIV prevention initiatives for young MSM of different sexual roles to optimize the program effectiveness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366464','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3366464"><span>Intracellular Calcium and the Mechanism of Anodal Supernormal Excitability in Langendorff Perfused Rabbit Ventricles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Joung, Boyoung; Park, Hyung-Wook; Maruyama, Mitsunori; Tang, Liang; Song, Juan; Han, Seongwook; Piccirillo, Gianfranco; Weiss, James N.; Lin, Shien-Fong; Chen, Peng-Sheng</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background Anodal stimulation hyperpolarizes cell membrane and increases intracellular Ca2+ (<span class="hlt">Cai</span>) transient. This study tested the hypothesis that The maximum slope of <span class="hlt">Cai</span> decline (–(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max) corresponds to the timing of anodal dip on the strength-interval curve and the initiation of repetitive responses and ventricular fibrillation (VF) after a premature stimulus (S2). Methods and Results We simultaneously mapped membrane potential (Vm) and <span class="hlt">Cai</span> in 23 rabbit ventricles. A dip was observed on the anodal strength-interval curve. During the anodal dip, ventricles were captured by anodal break excitation directly under the S2 electrode. The <span class="hlt">Cai</span> following anodal stimuli is larger than that following cathodal stimuli. The S1-S2 intervals of the anodal dip (203 ± 10 ms) coincided with the -(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max (199 ± 10 ms, p=NS). BAPTA-AM (n=3), INCX inhibition by low extracellular Na+ (n=3), and combined ryanodine and thapsigargin infusion (n=2) eliminated the anodal supernormality. Strong S2 during the relative refractory period (n=5) induced 29 repetitive responses and 10 VF episodes. The interval between S2 and the first non-driven beat was coincidental with the time of -(d<span class="hlt">Cai</span>/dt)max. Conclusions Larger <span class="hlt">Cai</span> transient and INCX activation induced by anodal stimulation produces anodal supernormality. Time of maximum INCX activation is coincidental to the induction of non- driven beats from the <span class="hlt">Cai</span> sinkhole after a strong premature stimulation. PMID:21301131</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title19-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title19-vol3-sec206-15.pdf"><span>19 CFR 206.15 - Institution of <span class="hlt">investigation</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">INVESTIGATIONS</span> RELATING TO GLOBAL AND BILATERAL SAFEGUARD <span class="hlt">ACTIONS</span>, MARKET DISRUPTION, TRADE DIVERSION, AND REVIEW... that is or has been the subject of an <span class="hlt">action</span> under section 203(a) (3)(A), (B), (C), or (E) of the Trade... new <span class="hlt">investigation</span> is a date earlier than that permitted under section 203(e)(7) of the Trade Act. (3...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152577','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152577"><span>The interaction between felt touch and tactile consequences of observed <span class="hlt">actions</span>: an <span class="hlt">action</span>-based somatosensory congruency paradigm.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deschrijver, Eliane; Wiersema, Jan R; Brass, Marcel</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> observation leads to a representation of both the motor aspect of an observed <span class="hlt">action</span> (motor simulation) and its somatosensory consequences (<span class="hlt">action</span>-based somatosensory simulation) in the observer's brain. In the current electroencephalography-study, we <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the neuronal interplay of <span class="hlt">action</span>-based somatosensory simulation and felt touch. We presented index or middle finger tapping movements of a human or a wooden hand, while simultaneously presenting 'tap-like' tactile sensations to either the corresponding or non-corresponding fingertip of the participant. We focused on an early stage of somatosensory processing [P50, N100 and N140 sensory evoked potentials (SEPs)] and on a later stage of higher-order processing (P3-complex). The results revealed an interaction effect of animacy and congruency in the early P50 SEP and an animacy effect in the N100/N140 SEPs. In the P3-complex, we found an interaction effect indicating that the influence of congruency was larger in the human than in the wooden hand. We argue that the P3-complex may reflect higher-order self-other distinction by signaling simulated <span class="hlt">action</span>-based touch that does not match own tactile information. As such, the <span class="hlt">action</span>-based somatosensory congruency paradigm might help understand higher-order social processes from a somatosensory point of view. © The Author (2015). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=SEO&pg=5&id=EJ976436','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=SEO&pg=5&id=EJ976436"><span>Multimedia <span class="hlt">Cai</span> Program for Students with Mathematics Difficulties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Seo, You-Jin; Bryant, Diane</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This study <span class="hlt">investigated</span> the effectiveness of "Math Explorer" at enhancing the word problem-solving skills of students with mathematics difficulties (MD). The study, which had a multiple-probe-across-subjects design, was conducted over 18 weeks. Four students with MD in Grades 2 and 3 participated. All students were able to use the four-step…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161656','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161656"><span>Hearing sounds, understanding <span class="hlt">actions</span>: <span class="hlt">action</span> representation in mirror neurons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kohler, Evelyne; Keysers, Christian; Umiltà, M Alessandra; Fogassi, Leonardo; Gallese, Vittorio; Rizzolatti, Giacomo</p> <p>2002-08-02</p> <p>Many object-related <span class="hlt">actions</span> can be recognized by their sound. We found neurons in monkey premotor cortex that discharge when the animal performs a specific <span class="hlt">action</span> and when it hears the related sound. Most of the neurons also discharge when the monkey observes the same <span class="hlt">action</span>. These audiovisual mirror neurons code <span class="hlt">actions</span> independently of whether these <span class="hlt">actions</span> are performed, heard, or seen. This discovery in the monkey homolog of Broca's area might shed light on the origin of language: audiovisual mirror neurons code abstract contents-the meaning of <span class="hlt">actions</span>-and have the auditory access typical of human language to these contents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Human%2c+AND+H&pg=2&id=EJ864114','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Human%2c+AND+H&pg=2&id=EJ864114"><span>End or Means--The "What" and "How" of Observed Intentional <span class="hlt">Actions</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hesse, Maike D.; Sparing, Roland; Fink, Gereon R.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Action</span> understanding and learning are suggested to be mediated, at least in part, by the human mirror neuron system (hMNS). Static images as well as videos of <span class="hlt">actions</span> with the outcome occluded have been shown to activate the hMNS. However, whether the hMNS preferentially responds to "end" or "means" of an <span class="hlt">action</span> remains to be <span class="hlt">investigated</span>. We,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5783537','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5783537"><span>Neuroticism and Attitudes Toward <span class="hlt">Action</span> in 19 Countries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ireland, Molly E.; Hepler, Justin; Li, Hong; Albarracín, Dolores</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Although individuals scoring high on Neuroticism tend to avoid taking <span class="hlt">action</span> when faced with challenges, Neuroticism is also characterized by impulsivity. To explore cognitive biases related to this costly behavior pattern, we tested whether individuals who rated themselves as higher in Neuroticism would evaluate the general concepts of <span class="hlt">action</span> and inaction as, respectively, more negative and positive. We further <span class="hlt">investigated</span> whether anxiety and depression would mediate and individualism-collectivism would moderate these relations in a large international sample. Participants (N = 3,827 college students; 69% female) from 19 countries completed surveys measuring Neuroticism, attitudes toward <span class="hlt">action</span> and inaction, depression, anxiety, and individualism-collectivism. Hierarchical linear models tested the above predictions. Neuroticism negatively correlated with attitudes toward <span class="hlt">action</span> and positively correlated with attitudes toward inaction. Furthermore, anxiety was primarily responsible for emotionally unstable individuals’ less positive attitudes toward <span class="hlt">action</span>, and individuals who endorsed more collectivistic than individualistic beliefs showed a stronger negative association between Neuroticism and attitudes toward <span class="hlt">action</span>. Researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and remediating the negative consequences of Neuroticism should pay greater attention to attitudes toward <span class="hlt">action</span> and inaction, particularly focusing on their links with anxiety and individualism-collectivism. PMID:24684688</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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