A One-Year Evaluation of a Free Fissure Sealant Program.

PubMed

M, Bakhtiar; N, Azadi; A, Golkari

2016-12-01

Pit and fissure sealant therapy has been approved as an effective measure in the prevention of occlusal dental caries. Resin based materials are the most common materials used worldwide. A variety of resin based fissure sealants are produced and used. Most of them have been presented with ideal results in research environment. However, their effectiveness in the real life, especially in a mass application program such as Iran's oral health reform plan is not clear. To evaluate the longevity of different fissure sealant applied in Iran's oral health reform plan in Fars Province (south of Iran) after one year. Seven counties were selected. One hundred 6- to 8-year-old school children who had undergone fissure sealant therapy in spring 2015 were randomly selected from each county. Their first molars were examined to evaluate the status of the fissure sealants which were applied one year ago. Data on the type/brand of fissure sealant materials, type and experience of clinicians who applied them, existence of a chair-side assistant, and whether the children were caries-free at the time of fissure sealant application were collected from the existing reports. Data of 1974 teeth from 598 children were used for the final analysis. The effects of type/brand of the material was significant on the final results and remained significant ( p < 0.001) after adjustments for the level of fluoride, urban/rural area, upper/lower jaw, type of clinician who applied the sealant, existence of a chair-side assistant, and child's gender, age, and being caries-free. Many factors affect the success rate of a fissure sealant therapy program. The type/brand of the material remained significantly related to the success rate of the fissure sealant even after adjustments for other influencing factors. In this study, ClinproTM Sealant (3M/ESPE, USA) showed better longevity after one year of application.

Development of the crack sealant adhesion test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

Crack sealants are widely used in Texas to prevent water from entering into lower structural layers thereby : extending pavement life. However, most current crack sealants have been reported to have a very short life mainly due : to adhesive failures...

Sealant Microleakage After Using Nano-Filled Bonding Agents on Saliva-Contaminated Enamel

PubMed Central

Paryab, Mehrsa

2013-01-01

Objective: The efficacy of correctly applied fissure sealants has been revealed in the prevention of caries. Saliva and moisture contamination of the etched enamel surface before sealant placement can decrease the bonding strength of the sealant to the enamel. The aim of this study was to test the new bonding agents containing nano-fillers in order to reduce the negative effect of saliva contamination on the sealant micro leakage. Materials and Methods: Seventy five sound human premolars were randomly assigned to five equal groups as follows: Group A: etching, sealant; Group B: etching, saliva contamination, sealant; Group C: etching, saliva contamination, Single bond, sealant; Group D: etching, saliva contamination, Adper Single bond 2, sealant; Group E: etching, saliva contamination, N Bond, sealant. The samples were thermo-cycled and immersed in basic fuchsine 0.5% by weight. Then, the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and parallel to the long axis into two segments. Finally, the length of dye penetration at the sealant-tooth interface was scored according to a four-point scale. Results: Micro-leakage was higher in group B compared to the other groups, while there were no differences among the evaluated dentin adhesives. Conclusion: The use of nano-filled bonding agents as an intermediate layer between the etched enamel and the sealant can reduce sealant micro-leakage after saliva contamination at the level of the uncontaminated enamel. PMID:25512749

Laser fluorescence of dentin caries covered with a novel nano-filled sealant.

PubMed

Braun, Andreas; Beisel, Christian; Brede, Olivier; Krause, Felix

2013-01-01

The aim of the present study was to assess the possibility to measure caries-induced laser fluorescence underneath a novel nano-filled fissure sealant. Sixty freshly extracted human teeth with occlusal dentine carious lesions were horizontally divided, exposing the respective lesion. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: (I) white fissure sealant with filler particles (Fissurit F, Voco), (II) clear fissure sealant without filler particles (Fissurit, Voco) and (III) novel experimental fissure sealant with nano-filler particles (Voco). Starting with a sealant thickness of 3 mm, laser fluorescence measurements (DIAGNOdent, KaVo) were performed after finishing the sealant surfaces with polishing papers, reducing the material at intervals of 0.5 mm until the sealant was removed completely. Evaluating a thickness of 0.5 mm, both the clear (83 % of the baseline fluorescence after fine grit polishing) and the white sealant (25 %) did not allow to measure baseline fluorescence (p < 0.05) with no fluorescence reduction in the experimental sealant group (p > 0.05). With increasing sealer thickness, fluorescence was influenced even by the experimental material (89 % of the baseline value at 1 mm). However, by using the experimental material, statistically significant higher fluorescence values than those for the other materials under study (p < 0.05) were obtained. Thicker sealant layers and coarse grit polishing caused a decrease of laser fluorescence in all groups (p < 0.05). Employing the experimental nano-filled sealant, laser fluorescence measurements for caries detection can be performed through thicker sealant layers compared to conventional sealant materials. Thus, it might be possible to use this material to assess a caries progression underneath the sealant and administer an appropriate therapy in due time.

Fibrin Sealants in Dura Sealing: A Systematic Literature Review

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Background Fibrin sealants are widely used in neurosurgery to seal the suture line, provide watertight closure, and prevent cerebrospinal fluid leaks. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current efficacy and safety literature of fibrin sealants in dura sealing and the prevention/treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Methods A comprehensive electronic literature search was run in the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Resister of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE. Titles and abstracts of potential articles of interest were reviewed independently by 3 of the authors. Results A total of 1006 database records and additional records were identified. After screening for duplicates and relevance, a total of 78 articles were assessed by the investigators for eligibility. Thirty-eight were excluded and the full-text of 40 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seven of these included only safety data and were included in the safety assessment. The remaining 33 articles included findings from 32 studies that enrolled a total of 2935 patients who were exposed to fibrin sealant. Among these 33 studies there were only 3 randomized controlled trials, with the remaining being prospective cohort analysis, case controlled studies, prospective or retrospective case series. One randomized controlled trial, with 89 patients exposed to fibrin sealant, found a greater rate of intraoperative watertight dura closure in the fibrin sealant group than the control group (92.1% versus 38.0%, p<0.001); however, post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in more fibrin sealant than control patients (6.7% versus 2.0%, p>0.05). Other clinical trials evaluated the effect of fibrin sealant in the postoperative prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. These were generally lower level evidence studies (ie, not prospective, randomized, controlled trials) that were not designed or

Fibrin Sealants in Dura Sealing: A Systematic Literature Review.

PubMed

Esposito, Felice; Angileri, Filippo Flavio; Kruse, Peter; Cavallo, Luigi Maria; Solari, Domenico; Esposito, Vincenzo; Tomasello, Francesco; Cappabianca, Paolo

2016-01-01

Fibrin sealants are widely used in neurosurgery to seal the suture line, provide watertight closure, and prevent cerebrospinal fluid leaks. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current efficacy and safety literature of fibrin sealants in dura sealing and the prevention/treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. A comprehensive electronic literature search was run in the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Resister of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE. Titles and abstracts of potential articles of interest were reviewed independently by 3 of the authors. A total of 1006 database records and additional records were identified. After screening for duplicates and relevance, a total of 78 articles were assessed by the investigators for eligibility. Thirty-eight were excluded and the full-text of 40 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seven of these included only safety data and were included in the safety assessment. The remaining 33 articles included findings from 32 studies that enrolled a total of 2935 patients who were exposed to fibrin sealant. Among these 33 studies there were only 3 randomized controlled trials, with the remaining being prospective cohort analysis, case controlled studies, prospective or retrospective case series. One randomized controlled trial, with 89 patients exposed to fibrin sealant, found a greater rate of intraoperative watertight dura closure in the fibrin sealant group than the control group (92.1% versus 38.0%, p<0.001); however, post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in more fibrin sealant than control patients (6.7% versus 2.0%, p>0.05). Other clinical trials evaluated the effect of fibrin sealant in the postoperative prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. These were generally lower level evidence studies (ie, not prospective, randomized, controlled trials) that were not designed or powered to demonstrate a

Microleakage of self-etching sealant on noncontaminated and saliva-contaminated enamel.

PubMed

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of a self-etching sealant with a traditional phosphoric acid-etched sealant under noncontaminated and saliva-contaminated conditions. Fifty-two sound extracted human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=13). Teeth in Groups 1 and 2 were cleaned with pumice, etched with phosphoric acid, rinsed, coated with a drying agent, placed with sealants (UltraSeal XT Plus), and light cured. Teeth in Groups 3 and 4 were cleaned with a proprietary flour pumice and rinsed prior to being sealed with a self-etching sealant (Enamel Loc). Teeth in Groups 2 and 4 were contaminated with saliva and thoroughly air-dried prior to the sealant placement. All teeth were subjected to a thermocycling process, stained with silver nitrate, and sectioned, and images of the sealant on the occlusal surface were recorded. Microleakage distance was measured in millimeters and subjected to a 2-way analysis of variance. Significantly larger microleakage distances were found for the self-etching sealant vs the traditional sealant (P<.001). Saliva contamination did not significantly affect the microleakage distance (P<.17). Under the conditions used in this in vitro study, the self-etching sealant, regardless of contamination condition, had extensive microleakage distances vs. little microleakage in the traditional phosphoric acid-etched sealant.

Determining ultra-low moisture permeation measurement for sealants on OLED encapsulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Byung Il; Woo, Sang Bong; Kim, Jong Chul; Kim, Seung Hun; Seo, Sang Joon

2012-12-01

As the next-generation flexible display elements are very vulnerable to moisture, securing proper encapsulation is a decisive factor in enabling a long working life. Therefore, together with the recent development of plastic barrier films with very low permeabilities, interest in the permeabilities of sealants used for perimetric sealing has been increasing. In this study, equipment with a resolution of approximately ˜10-7 g·day-1 to measure moisture permeability in perimetric sealing was established, and the permeabilities of different sealants were measured. This equipment could have applications not only in the display industry but also in other sectors requiring encapsulation technology, such as the semiconductor and solar cell industries.

Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth.

PubMed

Ahovuo-Saloranta, Anneli; Forss, Helena; Walsh, Tanya; Nordblad, Anne; Mäkelä, Marjukka; Worthington, Helen V

2017-07-31

Dental sealants were introduced in the 1960s to help prevent dental caries, mainly in the pits and fissures of occlusal tooth surfaces. Sealants act to prevent bacteria growth that can lead to dental decay. Evidence suggests that fissure sealants are effective in preventing caries in children and adolescents compared to no sealants. Effectiveness may, however, be related to caries incidence level of the population. This is an update of a review published in 2004, 2008 and 2013. To compare the effects of different types of fissure sealants in preventing caries in occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth in children and adolescents. Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 3 August 2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2016, Issue 7), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 3 August 2016), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 3 August 2016). We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials to 3 August 2016. No restrictions were placed on language or date of publication. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sealants with no sealant or a different type of sealant material for preventing caries of occlusal surfaces of premolar or molar teeth in children and adolescents aged up to 20 years. Studies required at least 12 months follow-up. We excluded studies that compared compomers to resins/composites. Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We presented outcomes for caries or no caries on occlusal surfaces of permanent molar teeth as odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR). We used mean difference (MD) for mean caries increment. All measures were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We conducted meta-analyses using a random-effects model for comparisons where there were more than three trials; otherwise we used the fixed

A One-Year Evaluation of a Free Fissure Sealant Program

PubMed Central

M, Bakhtiar; N, Azadi; A, Golkari

2016-01-01

Statement of Problem: Pit and fissure sealant therapy has been approved as an effective measure in the prevention of occlusal dental caries. Resin based materials are the most common materials used worldwide. A variety of resin based fissure sealants are produced and used. Most of them have been presented with ideal results in research environment. However, their effectiveness in the real life, especially in a mass application program such as Iran’s oral health reform plan is not clear. Objectives: To evaluate the longevity of different fissure sealant applied in Iran’s oral health reform plan in Fars Province (south of Iran) after one year. Materials and Methods: Seven counties were selected. One hundred 6- to 8-year-old school children who had undergone fissure sealant therapy in spring 2015 were randomly selected from each county. Their first molars were examined to evaluate the status of the fissure sealants which were applied one year ago. Data on the type/brand of fissure sealant materials, type and experience of clinicians who applied them, existence of a chair-side assistant, and whether the children were caries-free at the time of fissure sealant application were collected from the existing reports. Results: Data of 1974 teeth from 598 children were used for the final analysis. The effects of type/brand of the material was significant on the final results and remained significant (p < 0.001) after adjustments for the level of fluoride, urban/rural area, upper/lower jaw, type of clinician who applied the sealant, existence of a chair-side assistant, and child’s gender, age, and being caries-free. Conclusions: Many factors affect the success rate of a fissure sealant therapy program. The type/brand of the material remained significantly related to the success rate of the fissure sealant even after adjustments for other influencing factors. In this study, ClinproTM Sealant (3M/ESPE, USA) showed better longevity after one year of application. PMID

Near-infrared imaging of demineralization under sealants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tom, Henry; Simon, Jacob C.; Chan, Kenneth H.; Darling, Cynthia L.; Fried, Daniel

2014-07-01

Previous studies have shown that near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and transillumination imaging can be used to acquire high contrast images of early caries lesions and composite restorative materials. The aim of the study was to determine the optimum NIR wavelengths for imaging demineralized areas under dental sealants. Fifteen natural human premolars and molars with occlusal lesions were used in this in vitro study. Images before and after application of sealants were acquired using NIR reflectance and NIR transillumination at wavelengths of 1300, 1460, and 1500 to 1700 nm. Images were also acquired using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for comparison. The highest contrast for NIR reflectance was at 1460 nm and 1500 to 1700 nm. These NIR wavelengths are coincident with higher water absorption. The clear Delton sealant investigated was not visible in either copolarization or cross-polarization OCT images. The wavelength region between 1500 and 1700 nm yielded the highest contrast of lesions under sealants for NIR reflectance measurements.

Near-infrared imaging of demineralization under sealants.

PubMed

Tom, Henry; Simon, Jacob C; Chan, Kenneth H; Darling, Cynthia L; Fried, Daniel

2014-01-01

Previous studies have shown that near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and transillumination imaging can be used to acquire high contrast images of early caries lesions and composite restorative materials. The aim of the study was to determine the optimum NIR wavelengths for imaging demineralized areas under dental sealants. Fifteen natural human premolars and molars with occlusal lesions were used in this in vitro study. Images before and after application of sealants were acquired using NIR reflectance and NIR transillumination at wavelengths of 1300, 1460, and 1500 to 1700 nm. Images were also acquired using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for comparison. The highest contrast for NIR reflectance was at 1460 nm and 1500 to 1700 nm. These NIR wavelengths are coincident with higher water absorption. The clear Delton sealant investigated was not visible in either copolarization or cross-polarization OCT images. The wavelength region between 1500 and 1700 nm yielded the highest contrast of lesions under sealants for NIR reflectance measurements.

ReSure Sealant for Pars Plana Vitrectomy Wound Closure.

PubMed

Ho, Vincent Y; Shah, Gaurav K; Liu, Enchun M

2015-01-01

ReSure Sealant (Ocular Therapeutix, Bedford, MA) is an ocular sealant that demonstrated both safety and effectiveness in a prospective, randomized clinical trial for sealing clear corneal incisions following cataract surgery and intraocular lens placement in adults.1 PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is the first literature report of ReSure Sealant used for the closure of 23-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) sclerotomies. A 70-year-old pseudophakic female with a history of epiretinal membrane and branch retinal vein occlusion of the right eye underwent 23-G PPV, membrane peel, and air-fluid exchange and was found to have leaking subconjunctival air at the end of the case. A linear conjunctival incision was performed to access the sclerotomy site. The incisions were then carefully dried before the sealant was applied to seal both the sclera and conjunctiva. After polymerization, the sealant formed a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel that was 89% water and 9.44% PEG. PEG is a synthetic material that is non-toxic and inert and, thus, suitable for use in medical products. ReSure Sealant may be a safe, quick method to close sclerotomy wounds in select cases. [ Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

Prospective randomized controlled trial: fibrin sealant reduces split skin graft donor-site pain.

PubMed

Healy, Ciaran; Greig, Aina V H; Murphy, Adrian D; Powell, Christopher; Pinder, Richard J; Saour, Samer; Abela, Christopher; Knight, William; Geh, Jenny L C

2013-07-01

Pain at split skin graft donor sites is common. Fibrin sealant has been demonstrated to reduce time to hemostasis at wound sites, and patients receiving this treatment were incidentally noted to report less pain. This study aimed to evaluate pain and incapacity in split skin graft donor sites treated with and without fibrin sealant. Fifty patients requiring thigh donor-site split skin grafts were prospectively randomized to receive either a self-adhesive fabric dressing alone or fibrin sealant plus the self-adhesive fabric dressing as primary donor-site dressings. External secondary dressings were the same. Patients were blinded with regard to treatment group. Using visual analogue scales (scored 0 to 5), patients rated their donor-site pain and incapacity for 14 days postoperatively. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay and duration of requirement for dressings. Forty patients were included in the study analysis and completed self-reported pain and incapacity scores. Twenty received the fibrin sealant plus self-adhesive fabric dressing and 20 received the fabric dressing only (controls). Patients using the fibrin sealant plus the dressing reported significantly less pain (mean score, 0.42 versus 1.60, p < 0.001) and significantly less incapacity (mean score, 0.48 versus 1.71, p < 0.001). Patients allocated to the fibrin sealant group recorded shorter lengths of stay and faster time to discontinuation of dressing, though statistical significance was not achieved. Patients whose split skin graft donor sites were dressed with fibrin sealant plus self-adhesive fabric dressing experienced significantly less pain and incapacity than patients with self-adhesive fabric dressings alone, allowing a more rapid return to normal activity. Therapeutic, II.

Performance of concrete joint sealants in hot climates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-11-01

A research project was initiated in 1979 on project IR-17-1(126) to compare and evaluate several joint sealants. In 1982 another test section on project F 028-1-506 was established to evaluate several other sealants. This report documents the placeme...

Systematic review on the use of matrix-bound sealants in pancreatic resection.

PubMed

Smits, F Jasmijn; van Santvoort, Hjalmar C; Besselink, Marc G H; Borel Rinkes, Inne H M; Molenaar, I Quintus

2015-11-01

Pancreatic fistula is a potentially life-threatening complication after a pancreatic resection. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection in terms of preventing or ameliorating the course of a post-operative pancreatic fistula. A systematic search was performed in the literature from May 2005 to April 2015. Included were clinical studies using matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection, reporting a post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula classification, in which grade B and C fistulae were considered clinically relevant. Two were studies on patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (sealants n = 67, controls n = 27) and four studies on a distal pancreatectomy (sealants n = 258, controls n = 178). After a pancreatoduodenectomy, 13% of patients treated with sealants versus 11% of patients without sealants developed a POPF (P = 0.76), of which 4% versus 4% were clinically relevant (P = 0.87). After a distal pancreatectomy, 42% of patients treated with sealants versus 52% of patients without sealants developed a POPF (P = 0.03). Of these, 9% versus 12% were clinically relevant (P = 0.19). The present data do not support the routine use of matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection, as there was no effect on clinically relevant POPF. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to determine the efficacy of sealants in preventing POPF after a pancreatoduodenectomy. © 2015 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association.

Factors associated with sealant outcome in 2 pediatric dental clinics: a multivariate hierarchical analysis.

PubMed

West, Nathan G; Ilief-Ala, Melina A; Douglass, Joanna M; Hagadorn, James I

2011-01-01

This study's purpose was to determine whether one-time sealants placed by pediatric dental residents vs dental students have different outcomes. The effect of isolation technique, behavior, duration of follow-up, and caries history was also examined. Records from 2 inner-city pediatric dental clinics were audited for 6- to 10-year-old patients with a permanent first molar sealant with at least 2 years of follow-up. A successful sealant was a one-time sealant that received no further treatment and was sealed or unsealed but not carious or restored at the final audit. Charts from 203 children with 481 sealants were audited. Of these, 281 sealants were failures. Univariate analysis revealed longer follow-up and younger age were associated with sealant failure. Operator type, child behavior, and isolation technique were not associated with sealant failure. After adjusting for follow-up duration, increased age at treatment reduced the odds of sealant failure while a history of caries reduced the protective effect of increased age. After adjusting for these factors, practitioner type, behavior, and type of isolation were not associated with sealant outcome in multivariate analysis. Age at sealant placement, history of caries prior to placement, and longer duration of follow-up are associated with sealant failure.

Ducts Sealing Using Injected Spray Sealant, Raleigh, North Carolina (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

2014-03-01

In multifamily and attached buildings, traditional duct sealing methods are often impractical or costly and disruptive because of the difficulty in accessing leakage sites. In this project, two retrofit duct sealing techniques - manually-applied sealants and injecting a spray sealant, were implemented in several low-rise multi-unit buildings. An analysis on the cost and performance of the two methods are presented. Each method was used in twenty housing units: approximately half of each group of units are single story and the remainder two-story. Results show that duct leakage to the outside was reduced by an average of 59% through the usemore » of manual methods, and by 90% in the units where the injected spray sealant was used. It was found that 73% of the leakage reduction in homes that were treated with injected spray sealant was attributable to the manual sealing done at boots, returns and the air handler. The cost of manually-applying sealant ranged from $275 to $511 per unit and for the injected spray sealant the cost was $700 per unit. Modeling suggests a simple payback of 2.2 years for manual sealing and 4.7 years for the injected spray sealant system. Utility bills were collected for one year before and after the retrofits. Utility bill analysis shows 14% and 16% energy savings using injected spray sealant system and hand sealing procedure respectively in heating season whereas in cooling season, energy savings using injected spray sealant system and hand sealing were both 16%.« less

Development of new photopolymerizable dental sealants.

PubMed

Davidenko, N; Cohen, M E; Diaz, J M; Sastre, R

1998-01-01

This paper describes the results obtained in the optimization of the composition of dental sealants in relation to the nature and proportions of monomer mixtures and photoinitiating system employed. The quantification and variation of certain parameters which determine the quality of a dental sealant (such as viscosity and penetrating power, residual double bonds, solubility and absorption, volume shrinkage and certain specific mechanical properties) have resulted in the development of new formulations. The composition which has achieved the best results of all the above properties was that corresponding to the monomer mixture bis-GMA/tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) 40/60 wt%, and the photoinitiating system camphorquinone (CQ) with co-initiators N,N,3,5-tetramethyaniline (TMA) or N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) in the ratio 1:1. The final properties and characteristics of the obtained formulations are superior to those of commercial dental sealants currently in use.

Systematic review on the use of matrix-bound sealants in pancreatic resection

PubMed Central

Smits, F Jasmijn; van Santvoort, Hjalmar C; Besselink, Marc G H; Borel Rinkes, Inne H M; Molenaar, I Quintus

2015-01-01

Background Pancreatic fistula is a potentially life-threatening complication after a pancreatic resection. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection in terms of preventing or ameliorating the course of a post-operative pancreatic fistula. Methods A systematic search was performed in the literature from May 2005 to April 2015. Included were clinical studies using matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection, reporting a post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula classification, in which grade B and C fistulae were considered clinically relevant. Results Two were studies on patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (sealants n = 67, controls n = 27) and four studies on a distal pancreatectomy (sealants n = 258, controls n = 178). After a pancreatoduodenectomy, 13% of patients treated with sealants versus 11% of patients without sealants developed a POPF (P = 0.76), of which 4% versus 4% were clinically relevant (P = 0.87). After a distal pancreatectomy, 42% of patients treated with sealants versus 52% of patients without sealants developed a POPF (P = 0.03). Of these, 9% versus 12% were clinically relevant (P = 0.19). Conclusions The present data do not support the routine use of matrix-bound sealants after a pancreatic resection, as there was no effect on clinically relevant POPF. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to determine the efficacy of sealants in preventing POPF after a pancreatoduodenectomy. PMID:26292846

Use of fibrin sealants in cardiovascular surgery: a systematic review.

PubMed

Rousou, John A

2013-05-01

Fibrin sealants are used for hemostasis and tissue adherence. This systematic review summarizes published clinical data for fibrin sealant use in cardiovascular surgery. A literature search for the following terms was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE: (TISSEEL or Tissucol or Beriplast P or Evicel or Quixil or Crosseal or Reliseal or Fibringluraas or Bolheal or Tachosil or Vivostat or Vitagel or Artiss or "fibrin glue" or "fibrin sealant" or "fibrin tissue adhesive") and (cardiac or cardiovascular or vascular or heart or coronary or surgery). Case reports and series were excluded; although reports of controlled trials were preferred, uncontrolled trial data were also considered. Clinical trials and chart review analyses of fibrin sealants were identified and summarized. Although clinical trial data were available for other agents, the majority of published studies examined TISSEEL. Overall, TISSEEL and other fibrin sealants showed improvements over standard of care or control groups for a variety of predefined endpoints. Safety findings are also summarized. Data from these studies showed that fibrin sealants were well tolerated and provided effective hemostasis in a range of cardiac and aortic surgeries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Tensile strength of biological fibrin sealants: a comparative study.

PubMed

Lacaze, Laurence; Le Dem, Nicolas; Bubenheim, Michael; Tsilividis, Basile; Mezghani, Julien; Schwartz, Lilian; Francois, Arnaud; Ertaud, Jean Yves; Bagot d'Arc, Maurice; Scotté, Michel

2012-08-01

Fibrin sealants are commonly used in liver surgery, although their effectiveness in routine clinical practice remains controversial. Individual sealant characteristics are based on hemostatic effects and adhesion properties that can be experimentally measured using the 'rat skin test' or the 'pig skin test'. This study used a more relevant and realistic experimental canine model to compare the differences in the adhesive properties of four fibrin sealants in hepatectomy: Tisseel/Tissucol, Tachosil, Quixil, and Beriplast. A partial hepatectomy was performed in beagle dogs under general anesthesia to obtain liver cross-sections. Fibrin sealants were allocated to dog livers using a Youden square design. The tensile strength measurement was performed using a traction system to measure the rupture stress point of a small wooden cylinder bonded to the liver cross-section. Significantly greater adhesion properties were observed with Tisseel/Tissucol compared with Quixil or Beriplast (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Similarly, Tachosil demonstrated significantly greater adhesive properties compared with Beriplast (P = 0.009) or Quixil (P = 0.014). No significant differences were observed between Tisseel/Tissucol and Tachosil or between Beriplast and Quixil. The results of this comparative study demonstrate that different fibrin sealants exhibit different adhesive properties. Tisseel/Tissucol and Tachosil provided greatest adhesion to liver cross-section in our canine model of hepatectomy. These results may enable the optimal choice of fibrin sealants for this procedure in clinical practice. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of occlusal sealant in a community program and caries incidence in high- and low-risk children.

PubMed

Baldini, Vânia; Tagliaferro, Elaine Pereira da Silva; Ambrosano, Gláucia Maria Bovi; Meneghim, Marcelo de Castro; Pereira, Antonio Carlos

2011-08-01

The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of sealant placement under the guidelines of the Oral Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (Portugal), and to test the influence of clinical and socioeconomic variables on the DMFT increment in 277 children, born in 1997. A dental hygienist performed the initial examinations and sealant placement (Helioseal, Vivadent) on the permanent first molars in 2005. These activities were registered in dental records that were assessed in 2007. Children were classified according to caries risk at baseline [high (HR: DMFT+dmft>0); low (LR: DMFT+dmft=0) risk] and sealant placement as follows: HR-S and LR-S Groups (with sealant placement); HR-NS and LR-NS Groups (without sealant placement). A calibrated dentist performed the final examination in 2007 at school, based on the World Health Organization recommendations. The variables collected were: dental caries, visible dental plaque, malocclusions, and socioeconomic level (questionnaire sent to children's parents). For univariate (Chi-square or Fisher tests) and multivariate (Multiple logistic regression) analyses the DMFT increment >0 was selected as dependent variable. Approximately 17.0% of the children showed DMFT increment>0 (mean=0.25). High-risk children presented a significant increase in the number of decayed and/or filled teeth. These children had 7.94 more chance of developing caries. Children who did not receive sealant were 1.8 more prone to have DMFT increment >0. It appears that sealant placement was effective in preventing dental caries development. Moreover, the variables "risk" and "sealant placement" were predictors for DMFT increment in the studied children.

Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives: components of the surgical toolbox.

PubMed

Spotnitz, William D; Burks, Sandra

2008-07-01

The surgical toolbox is expanding, and newer products are being developed to improve results. Reducing blood loss so that bloodless surgery can be performed may help minimize morbidity and length of stay. As patients, hospital administrators, and government regulators desire less invasive procedures, the surgical technical challenge is increasing. More operations are being performed through minimally invasive incisions with laparoscopic, endoscopic, and robotic approaches. In this setting, tools that can reduce bleeding by causing blood to clot, sealing vessels, or gluing tissues are gaining an increasing importance. Thus, hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are becoming a more important element of surgical practice. This review is designed to facilitate the reader's basic knowledge of these tools so that informed choices are made for controlling bleeding in specific clinical situations. Such information is useful for all members of the operative team. The team includes surgeons, anesthesiologists, residents, and nurses as well as hematologists and other medical specialists who may be involved in the perioperative care of surgical patients. An understanding of these therapeutic options may also be helpful to the transfusion service. In some cases, these materials may be stored in the blood bank, and their appropriate use may reduce demand for other transfusion components. The product classification used in this review includes hemostats as represented by product categories that include mechanical agents, active agents, flowables, and fibrin sealants; sealants as represented by fibrin sealants and polyethylene glycol hydrogels; and adhesives as represented by cyanoacrylates and albumin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Only those agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and presently available (February 2008) for sale in the United States are discussed in this review.

Marginal microleakage of triage sealant under different moisture contamination.

PubMed

Peng, Yawen; Stark, Paul C; Rich, Alfred; Loo, Cheen Y

2011-01-01

Glass ionomer sealants (GISs) are promoted in pediatric dentistry for their moisture-friendly properties. This study's purpose was to investigate the marginal leakage of a glass ionomer sealant (Fuji Triage) under different moisture environments. Eighty extracted teeth were distributed into 4 groups: (1) control; (2) saliva contamination with 1-second air-thinning; (3) saliva contamination with 10 seconds of air-drying; and (4) saliva contamination with reconditioning. Sealants were placed after contamination. All extracted teeth underwent thermocycling followed by 1% methylene blue dye and distilled water wash. All extracted teeth were then sectioned buccolingually into 3 cross-sections and examined at 60X under a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was assessed using a dye penetration scoring system (score=0-3). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The control group showed significantly lower marginal leakage than the other 3 groups (P<.02). There was no statistically significant difference among the 3 contaminated groups (P>.34). Fuji Triage sealant had the least marginal leakage under a moisture-controlled environment. When saliva was introduced during the application of the material, microleakage significantly increased. When contamination occurred, 1-second air-thinning of the saliva, 10-second air-drying of the saliva, or reconditioning before sealant application did not show a difference in decreasing microleakage.

Evaluation of a hydrophilic gingival dental sealant in beagle dogs.

PubMed

Sitzman, Clarence

2013-01-01

A liquid solution, gingival sealant containing polymers that form a barrier film upon application was evaluated in dogs. It is a non-toxic, low viscosity, hydrophilic barrier sealant that dries in approximately 10 to 15-seconds after subgingival application. It was designed as a preventative to be applied immediately following a professional oral hygiene procedure in order to block plaque and calculus formation in the sulcus and aid in the prevention of periodontal disease in companion animals. Additionally, the polymer was designed to promote an aerobic environment in the sulcus by oxygen and water transport through engineered pores within the polymer. A 30-day split-mouth, blinded study in two groups of 15 beagle dogs was used. Plaque was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced on the side receiving the sealant by 30.0% and 50.5% (average = 40.3%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Calculus was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced on the side receiving the sealant by 27.2% and 20.0% (average = 23.6%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Gingival inflammation was monitored to assess product safety. Sides receiving sealant showed no statistically significant differences in gingival index score. No adverse events were observed in the study. This study demonstrates that this gingival sealant can be used as another valuable tool for aiding in the prevention of periodontal disease in dogs.

Developing a test method to investigate water susceptibility of joint and crack sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-31

Sealants are commonly used to insulate cracks and joints preventing water from entering the underlying structure. However, extended exposure of sealants to water has shown to negatively impact sealants properties causing gradual degradation of sealan...

Monitoring Sealant Durability during Instrumented Outdoor Exposure with Variation in Prestrain

Treesearch

Gregory T. Schueneman; Steven Lacher; Christopher G. Hunt

2015-01-01

Sealants are a vital part of a building’s environmental barrier envelope. Their ability to bond to numerous dissimilar substrates and form cure-in-place seals results in their widespread use throughout single story and high rise buildings. A typical 40 story concrete and glass facade building can have 70 miles of sealant bonds. Failure of sealants can lead to energy...

Bond strength of Bis-GMA and glass ionomer pit and fissure sealants using cyclic fatigue.

PubMed

Dewji, H R; Drummond, J L; Fadavi, S; Punwani, I

1998-02-01

The aim of the study was to determine the bond strength of glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer sealants compared to Bis-GMA sealants using both static and cyclic fatigue shear testing. Four materials were evaluated: D, a Bis-GMA sealant with 10% phosphoric acid etchant; FC, a resin-modified glass ionomer sealant with 20% polyacrylic acid etchant; FD, a resin-modified glass ionomer sealant with 10% polyacrylic acid etchant; and FSC, a self-cured glass ionomer sealant with no etchant. Gelatin capsules filled with the sealant material were bonded to the enamel surfaces of bovine teeth after appropriate surface conditioning and then tested in shear static and cyclic fatigue. Static and cyclic shear bond strengths, respectively, for each group were (MPa): FC: 21.1+/-2.8 and 17.1+/-3.1; FD: 14.6+/-5.9 and 8.5+/-3.1; D: 10.8+/-4.9 and 4.7+/-2.6; FSC: 8.7 (1.0 and 2.9+/-0.6. The resin-modified glass ionomer sealants had better fatigue bond strength than both Bis-GMA and self-cured glass ionomer sealants with the surface conditioning affecting the bond strength of the resin-modified glass ionomer sealants.

Evaluation of Solubility and Microleakage of Glass Carbomer Sealant.

PubMed

Subramaniam, P; Girish Babu, K L; Jayasurya, S

2015-01-01

This study was carried out to evaluate and compare solubility and microleakage of the newly introduced moisture tolerant glass carbomer sealant. For evaluation of solubility, 20 specimens of glass carbomer and conventional glass ionomer were prepared and immersed in artificial saliva of pH 4 and 6 for seven days. The difference between initial and final weight was calculated. For evaluation of microleakage, glass carbomer was compared with a conventional resin sealant. 20 premolar teeth indicated for orthodontic extraction were collected and divided into two groups and the respective sealants were applied. It was subjected to thermocycling and then kept immersed in methylene blue for 24 hours. Dye penetration was scored. The glass carbomer specimens were less soluble than the conventional glass ionomer at both pH values. There was no significant difference in the microleakage. Being moisture resistant, glass carbomer can be used as an alternative fissure sealant material; especially in young children with partially erupted teeth and where obtaining moisture control is difficult.

Reimbursement rates and policies for primary molar pit-and-fissure sealants across state Medicaid programs.

PubMed

Chi, Donald L; Singh, Jennifer

2013-11-01

Little is known about Medicaid policies regarding reimbursement for placement of sealants on primary molars. The authors identified Medicaid programs that reimbursed dentists for placing primary molar sealants and hypothesized that these programs had higher reimbursement rates than did state programs that did not reimburse for primary molar sealants. The authors obtained Medicaid reimbursement data from online fee schedules and determined whether each state Medicaid program reimbursed for primary molar sealants (no or yes). The outcome measure was the reimbursement rate for permanent tooth sealants (calculated in 2012 U.S. dollars). The authors compared mean reimbursement rates by using the t test (α = .05). Seventeen Medicaid programs reimbursed dentists for placing primary molar sealants (34 percent), and the mean reimbursement rate was $27.57 (range, $16.00 [Maine] to $49.68 [Alaska]). All 50 programs reimbursed dentists for placement of sealants on permanent teeth. The mean reimbursement for permanent tooth sealants was significantly higher in programs that reimbursed for primary molar sealants than in programs that did not ($28.51 and $23.67, respectively; P = .03). Most state Medicaid programs do not reimburse dentists for placing sealants on primary molars, but programs that do so have significantly higher reimbursement rates. Medicaid reimbursement rates are related to dentists' participation in Medicaid and children's dental care use. Reimbursement for placement of sealants on primary molars is a proxy for Medicaid program generosity.

An investigation into sealant restoration usage in general dental practice in England.

PubMed

Hassall, D C; Mellor, A C

2001-10-13

A study was undertaken to investigate attitudes to sealant restorations and their usage in general dental practice in England. Seventy three dentists in three areas (Doncaster, Hereford/Worcester and Wycombe) provided retrospective details of treatment provided over a one year period for 4,250 6-12 and 13-15 year old subjects. Fifty nine of these dentists then completed a telephone questionnaire relating to their treatment patterns and attitudes to sealant restorations. The treatment data indicated that only 59 of the 4,250 children received a sealant restoration during the study period. Of the 44 dentists who claimed in the questionnaire to be using sealant restorations, only 28 had placed them in their selected patients. Positive attitudes to sealant restorations were expressed but also concerns that may be prejudicing usage.

The utilization of dental hygiene students in school-based dental sealant programs.

PubMed

Miller, Faith Y

2005-01-01

Early detection of childhood caries is important to childrens' overall health. Untreated childhood caries can lead to pain, as in abscesses from prolonged neglect; altered dietary intake; and delays in the development of the permanent teeth if the primary teeth are prematurely lost. In the summer of 2000, funds were provided to various oral health care provider organizations by the Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Oral Health, to purchase portable equipment to deliver preventive services (i.e., exams, sealants, and oral hygiene education) to second-grade and sixth-grade children who qualified for Medicaid and/or free and reduced-cost lunch programs. The Dental Sealant Grant Program at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale was a unique program that utilized dental hygiene students as the primary human resource. Within the state, the Dental Sealant Grant Program was, at the time of this report, the only grantee sponsored by a stand-alone dental hygiene program (not affiliated with a dental school). Other positive aspects of the dental hygiene-sponsored sealant program were that the supervising dentist was the primary Medicaid provider and a member of the dental hygiene faculty; dental hygiene faculty participated actively as site coordinators and clinicians; and dental hygiene students were given the opportunity to volunteer for the program as a service-learning option.

Selective removal of composite sealants with near-UV laser pulses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Louie, Tiffany M.; Jones, Robert S.; Sarma, Anupama V.; Fried, Daniel

2004-05-01

It is often necessary to replace pit and fissure sealants and composite restorations. This task is complicated by the necessity for complete removal of the remaining composite to enable suitable adhesion of new composite. Previous studies have shown that lasers pulses from a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser (355-nm) can selectively remove residual composite after orthodontic bracket removal on enamel surfaces. UV laser light is preferentially absorbed by polymeric resins and the organic content of the tooth enamel. The objective of this study was to determine if such laser pulses are suitable for selective removal of the old composite from pit and fissure sealants and restorations without damaging surrounding sound tissues. Optical coherence tomography was used to acquire optical cross sections of the occlusal topography and peripheral tooth structure non-destructively before application of the sealants, after sealant application, and after sealant removal with 355-nm laser pulses with intensities ranging from 0-10 J/cm2. Thermocouples were used to monitor the temperature in the pulp chamber during composite removal under clinically relevant ablation rates, i.e., 30 Hz and 30 mJ per laser pulse. At an irradiation intensity of 1.3 J/cm2 pit and fissure sealants were completely removed without visible damage to the underlying enamel. At intensities above 1.5 J/cm2, the laser removes the resin layer while at the same time preferentially etching the surface of the enamel. Temperature excursions in the pulp chamber of extracted teeth was limited to less than 5°C if air-cooling was used during the rapid removal (1-2 min) of sealants, water-cooling was not needed. This is the first presentation of a method for the selective removal of composite restorative materials without damage to the underlying sound tooth structure.

Effect of fibrin sealant in positioning and stabilizing microvascular pedicle: A comparative study.

PubMed

Kim, Jeong Tae; Kim, Youn Hwan; Kim, Sang Wha

2017-07-01

Fibrin sealants have had applications in hemostasis, cohesion, and promotion of healing in plastic surgery. In this article, we review cases where fibrin sealant was used to stabilize microvascular pedicles and compared with previous free flaps performed without fibrin sealant. Between 2008 and 2010, 62 consecutive patients underwent free tissue transfer for reconstruction; this involved 33 latissimus dorsi perforator flaps, 14 thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps, 9 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, 3 lateral thoracic artery perforator flaps, and 3 transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, used in head and neck reconstruction, lower limb reconstructions, breast reconstructions, and facial palsy reconstruction. Following microvascular anastomosis, the microvascular pedicles were placed in the optimal position, and fibrin sealant was used to fix and stabilize them. The complications, such as venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, hematoma, and vascular pedicle kinking, were compared with that of 672 previous free flaps without fibrin sealant for stabilizing microvascular pedicles. Among the 62 free tissue transfers using fibrin sealant, there was only one complication involving flap failure (1.6%), in this case due to venous thrombosis. Analysis of 672 free flaps performed without application of fibrin sealant revealed 24 complications (3.6%), due to 3 venous thrombosis, 1 arterial thrombosis, 4 vascular pedicel compression due to hematoma, and 16 pedicle kinking. However, the comparison of complications between the free flap using fibrin sealant and the free flap without fibrin sealant were not statistically significant (P = 0.65). Fibrin sealant can be used to prevent vascular kinking and to position anastomosed vessels after successful micro-anastomosis and allow the reconstructive surgeon to overcome challenging situations of vascular pedicle related complications © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:406-409, 2017. © 2016 Wiley

Reflectivity of crack sealant.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

Crack sealing is used in road maintenance but presents a problem when crack seal material visually pops out on the roadway, making it difficult to see lane stripes. This problem will increase as New Mexico increases its use of crack sealants. This su...

CAUSES OF POOR SEALANT PERFORMANCE IN SOIL-GAS- RESISTANT FOUNDATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses causes of poor sealant performance in soil-gas-resistant foundations. ealants for radon-resistant foundation construction must seal the gap between concrete sections. odern sealants have such low permeability that seal performance depends only on the permeabil...

Vital Signs: Dental Sealant Use and Untreated Tooth Decay Among U.S. School-Aged Children.

PubMed

Griffin, Susan O; Wei, Liang; Gooch, Barbara F; Weno, Katherine; Espinoza, Lorena

2016-10-21

Tooth decay is one of the greatest unmet treatment needs among children. Pain and suffering associated with untreated dental disease can lead to problems with eating, speaking, and learning. School-based dental sealant programs (SBSP) deliver a highly effective intervention to prevent tooth decay in children who might not receive regular dental care. SBSPs benefits exceed their costs when they target children at high risk for tooth decay. CDC used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to estimate current prevalences of sealant use and untreated tooth decay among low-income (≤185% of federal poverty level) and higher-income children aged 6-11 years and compared these estimates with 1999-2004 NHANES data. The mean number of decayed and filled first molars (DFFM) was estimated for children with and without sealants. Averted tooth decay resulting from increasing sealant use prevalence was also estimated. All reported differences are significant at p<0.05. From 1999-2004 to 2011-2014, among low- and higher-income children, sealant use prevalence increased by 16.2 and 8.8 percentage points to 38.7% and 47.8%, respectively. Among low-income children aged 7-11 years, the mean DFFM was almost three times higher among children without sealants (0.82) than among children with sealants. Approximately 6.5 million low-income children could potentially benefit from the delivery of sealants through SBSP. The prevalence of dental sealant use has increased; however, most children have not received sealants. Increasing sealant use prevalence could substantially reduce untreated decay, associated problems, and dental treatment costs.

A comparison of the effects of toothbrushing and handpiece prophylaxis on retention of sealants.

PubMed

Kolavic Gray, Shellie; Griffin, Susan O; Malvitz, Dolores M; Gooch, Barbara F

2009-01-01

Tooth surface cleaning before acid etching is considered to be an important step in the retention of resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants. The authors reviewed and summarized instructions for cleaning tooth surfaces from five manufacturers of 10 unfilled resin-based sealants marketed in the United States. The authors also searched electronic databases for studies that directly compared the effects of different surface-cleaning methods on sealant retention and for systematic reviews of the effectiveness of sealants. They explored the association between surface-cleaning methods and sealant retention in the studies included in the systematic reviews. They calculated the summary weighted retention rates for studies that used either a handpiece or toothbrush prophylaxis. All of the sealant manufacturers' instructions for use (IFU) recommended cleaning the tooth before acid etching. None of the IFU directly stated that a handpiece was required to perform the cleaning, but five IFU implied the use of handpiece prophylaxis. None of the IFU recommended surface-altering procedures in caries-free teeth. Direct evidence from two clinical trials showed no difference in complete sealant retention between surfaces cleaned mechanically with pumice or prophylaxis paste and those cleaned with air-water syringe or dry toothbrushing. Indirect evidence from 10 studies found that weighted summary retention by year after sealant placement in studies that used toothbrush prophylaxis was greater than or equivalent to values for studies that used handpiece prophylaxis. Levels of sealant retention after surface cleaning with toothbrush prophylaxis were at least as high as those associated with hand-piece prophylaxis. This finding may translate into lower resource costs for sealant placement.

Effect of Temperature on the Storage Life of Polysulfide Sealants

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

University of Adelaide, South Australia. After two and a half years of experience in Rubber Technology with the Olympic Tyre and Rubber Company, Melbourne...he joined the rubber section of MRL in November 1970. Since 1975 he has been involved in R & D work in the sealant section as an Experimental Officer...repeatedly passing the mixture through a triple roll mill. One set of the calcium carbonate-solvent series was enclosed in a heat sealed wrapping of

Coal-tar based pavement sealant toxicity to freshwater macroinvertebrates.

PubMed

Bryer, Pamela J; Scoggins, Mateo; McClintock, Nancy L

2010-05-01

Non-point-source pollution is a major source of ecological impairment in urban stream systems. Recent work suggests that coal-tar pavement sealants, used extensively to protect parking areas, may be contributing a large portion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) loading seen in urban stream sediments. The hypothesis that dried coal-tar pavement sealant flake could alter the macroinvertebrate communities native to streams in Austin, TX was tested using a controlled outdoor laboratory type approach. The treatment groups were: control, low, medium, and high with total PAH concentrations (TPAH = sum of 16 EPA priority pollutant PAHs) of 0.1, 7.5, 18.4, & 300 mg/kg respectively. The low, medium, and high treatments were created via the addition of dried coal-tar pavement sealant to a sterile soil. At the start of the 24-day exposure, sediment from a minimally impacted local reference site containing a community of live sediment-dwelling benthic macroinvertebrates was added to each replicate. An exposure-dependent response was found for several stream health measures and for several individual taxa. There were community differences in abundance (P = 0.0004) and richness (P < 0.0001) between treatments in addition to specific taxa responses, displaying a clear negative relationship with the amount of coal-tar sealant flake. These results support the hypothesis that coal-tar pavement sealants contain bioavailable PAHs that may harm aquatic environments. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Maine Sealant Manual for School-Based and School-Linked Dental Sealant Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayward, Kneka, Ed.

This manual is designed for use by school personnel and dental personnel to aid in the development and maintenance of school-based or school-linked dental sealant programs. The sections include (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Guidelines" (school selection, school contacts, dental providers, target grades, and tooth selection…

Pit and fissure sealants in dental public health – application criteria and general policy in Finland

PubMed Central

Kervanto-Seppälä, Sari; Pietilä, Ilpo; Meurman, Jukka H; Kerosuo, Eero

2009-01-01

Background Pit and fissure sealants (sealants) are widely used as a non-operative preventive method in public dental health in Finland. Most children under 19 years of age attend the community-organized dental health services free of charge. The aims of this study were to find out to what extent sealants were applied, what the attitudes of dental professionals towards sealant application were, and whether any existing sealant policies could be detected among the health centres or among the respondents in general. The study evaluated changes that had taken place in the policies used during a ten year period (1991–2001). Methods A questionnaire was mailed to each chief dental officer (CDO) of the 265 public dental health centres in Finland, and to a group of general dentists (GDP) applying sealants in these health centres, giving a total of 434 questionnaires with 22 questions. The response rate was 80% (N = 342). Results A majority of the respondents reported to application of sealants on a systematic basis for children with increased caries risk. The criteria for applying sealants and the actual strategies seemed to vary locally between the dentists within the health centres and between the health centres nationwide. The majority of respondents believed sealants had short- and long-term effects. The overall use of sealants decreased towards the end of the ten year period. The health centres (N = 28) choosing criteria to seal over detected or suspected enamel caries lesion had a DMFT value of 1.0 (SD ± 0.49) at age 12 (year 2000) compared to a value of 1.2 (SD ± 0.47) for those health centres (N = 177) applying sealants by alternative criteria (t-test, p < 0.05). Conclusion There seems to be a need for defined guidelines for sealant application criteria and policy both locally and nationwide. Occlusal caries management may be improved by shifting the sealant policy from the traditional approach of prevention to interception, i.e. applying the sealants over

Effect of a surface sealant on the color stability of composite resins after immersion in staining solution.

PubMed

Pedroso, Lauana Borges; Barreto, Luma Franciélle Cabreira; Miotti, Leonardo Lamberti; Nicoloso, Gabriel Ferreira; Durand, Leticia Brandão

2016-01-01

This study evaluated the influence of surface sealants on the color stability of 2 different composite resins after immersion in coffee. Four groups were created (n = 10): microhybrid composite, microhybrid with surface sealant, nanofilled composite, and nanofilled composite with surface sealant. Half of the specimens of each group were immersed in distilled water and half were immersed in coffee for 48 hours. Color was measured before and after immersion. Groups with surface sealants presented less color variation when compared with the groups without surface sealants. The nanofilled resin specimens presented the greatest color variation within the groups without sealant. The surface sealant positively influenced the color stability of composite resin specimens immersed in coffee. When surface sealant was not applied, the microhybrid specimens had better color stability than the nanofilled.

21 CFR 872.3765 - Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner. 872.3765 Section 872.3765 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3765 Pit and fissure sealant and...

Fibrin sealant use for minimising peri-operative allogeneic blood transfusion

PubMed Central

Carless, Paul A; Henry, David A; Anthony, Danielle M

2014-01-01

Background Fibrin sealants (also referred to as biological glue or fibrin tissue adhesives) have gained increasing popularity as interventions to improve peri-operative (intra- and post-operative) haemostasis and diminish the need for allogeneic red cell transfusion (blood from an unrelated donor). Objectives To examine the efficacy of fibrin sealants in reducing peri-operative blood loss and allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Search methods We identified studies by searching CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1950 to 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2008), manufacturer web sites (to March 2008), and bibliographies of relevant published articles. Selection criteria Controlled trials in which adult patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomised to fibrin sealant treatment or to a control group which did not receive fibrin sealant treatment. Trials were eligible if they reported data on the number of patients exposed to allogeneic red cell transfusion, the volume of blood transfused, or blood loss (assessed objectively). Data collection and analysis The primary outcomes measured were the: number of patients exposed to allogeneic red cells, amount of blood transfused, and blood loss. Other outcomes measured were: re-operation due to bleeding, infection, mortality, thrombotic events, and length of hospital stay. Treatment effects were pooled using a random-effects model. Main results Eighteen trials that included a total of 1406 patients reported data on peri-operative exposure to allogeneic RBC transfusion. Fibrin sealant treatment, on average, reduced the rate of exposure to allogeneic RBC transfusion by a relative 37% (relative risk (RR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 0.88) and 7% in absolute terms (95% CI 2% to 13%). Fourteen trials, including a total of 853 patients, provided data for post-operative blood loss. In aggregate, fibrin sealant treatment reduced blood loss on average by around 161 ml per patient (95% CI 98.25 to

21 CFR 872.3765 - Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner. 872.3765 Section 872.3765 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... conditioner. (a) Identification. A pit and fissure sealant and conditioner is a device composed of resin, such...

21 CFR 872.3765 - Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner. 872.3765 Section 872.3765 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... conditioner. (a) Identification. A pit and fissure sealant and conditioner is a device composed of resin, such...

Does Fibrin Sealant Reduce Seroma after Immediate Breast Reconstruction Utilizing a Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap?

PubMed Central

Cha, Han Gyu; Shin, Ho Seong; Kang, Moon Seok; Nam, Seung Min

2012-01-01

Background The most common complication of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction is seroma formation in the back. Many clinical studies have shown that fibrin sealant reduces seroma formation. We investigated any statistically significant differences in postoperative drainage and seroma formation when utilizing the fibrin sealant on the site of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap harvested for immediate breast reconstruction after skin-sparing partial mastectomy. Methods A total of 46 patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction utilizing a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. Of those, 23 patients underwent the procedure without fibrin sealant and the other 23 were administered the fibrin sealant. All flaps were elevated with manual dissection by the same surgeon and were analyzed to evaluate the potential benefits of the fibrin sealant. The correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyzing the drainage volume according to age, weight of the breast specimen, and body mass index. Results Although not statistically significant, the cumulative drainage fluid volume was higher in the control group until postoperative day 2 (530.1 mL compared to 502.3 mL), but the fibrin sealant group showed more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3. The donor site comparisons showed the fibrin sealant group had more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3 and the drain was removed 1 day earlier in the control group. Conclusions The use of fibrin sealant resulted in no reduction of seroma formation. Because the benefits of the fibrin sealant are not clear, the use of fibrin sealant must be fully discussed with patients before its use as a part of informed consent. PMID:23094246

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in resin-based dental sealants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Wei; Kannan, Pranav; Xue, Jingchuan

Resin-based dental sealants (also referred to as pit-and-fissure sealants) have been studied for their contribution to bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in children. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the occurrence of other potentially toxic chemicals in dental sealants. In this study, the occurrence of six synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), including 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxyethyl)phenol (BHT-OH), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), 2,6-di-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (BHT-Q), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-COOH) and 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA), was examined in 63 dental sealant products purchased from the U.S. market. BHT was found in all dental sealants at median and maximum concentrations of 56.8 and 1020 µg/g, respectively. The metabolites of BHT andmore » BHA were detected in 39–67% of samples, at concentration ranges of« less

Pneumostasis of experimental air leaks with a new photopolymerized synthetic tissue sealant.

PubMed

Ranger, W R; Halpin, D; Sawhney, A S; Lyman, M; Locicero, J

1997-09-01

Air leak is a major contributor to increased length of stay and postoperative morbidity following pulmonary surgery. The effectiveness of a new photopolymerized synthetic hydrogel (FocalSeal, Focal, Inc., Lexington, MA) as a sealant for pulmonary air leaks was determined in 10 mongrel dogs (20-35 kg). The animals were anesthetized and underwent left-sided anterolateral thoracotomy with amputation of a 2 x 3-cm segment of the lung apex. Hemostasis was achieved and terminal bronchial openings of 1.5 to 3 mm with vigorous air leaks were identified. After successful injury, the dogs were randomly assigned to sealant (n = 5) or control (n = 5) groups. In treated animals, the sealant was applied by brushing the solution to the cut parenchymal surface and solidified while briefly interrupting ventilation (40-60 seconds) using visible illumination (450-550 nm) from a xenon light source. Controls received no sealant. A single chest tube was maintained at the injury site with a continuous negative pressure of 20 cm of water. All dogs were extubated and allowed to breathe spontaneously under sedation for 24 hours. Chest radiographs were taken postsurgery and presacrifice. All control animals (n = 5) showed persistent vigorous air leak for the duration of the 24-hour observation period. All treated air leaks resolved immediately, and four of five remained sealed throughout the observation period. One leak reappeared after 17 hours due to inadequate sealant thickness over a 3-mm terminal bronchus. Gross evaluation of the treatment group at the end of 24 hours demonstrated intact sealant well adherent to the parenchyma. No evidence of atelectasis or excessive edema was seen, and no sealant-related complications or toxic effects were noted. Radiologically, lungs were fully inflated. Histologic evaluation at 24 hours revealed no evidence of a strong cellular response to the synthetic sealant, and no fibrosis or adhesions were seen, the onset of the healing process was favorable

Adhesion mechanisms of bituminous crack sealant to aggregate and laboratory test development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajialiakbari Fini, Elham

Crack sealing is a common pavement maintenance treatment because it extends pavement service life. However, crack sealant often fails prematurely due to a loss of adhesion. Since current test methods are mostly empirical and only provide a qualitative measure of bond strength, they cannot predict sealant adhesive failure accurately. Hence, there is an urgent need for test methods based on bituminous sealant rheology that can better predict sealant field performance. This study introduces three laboratory tests aimed to assess the bond property of hot-poured crack sealant to pavement crack walls. The three tests are designed to serve the respective needs of producers, engineers, and researchers. The first test implements the principle of surface energy to measure the thermodynamic work of adhesion, which is the energy spent in separating the two materials at the interface. The work of adhesion is reported as a measure of material compatibility at an interface. The second test is a direct adhesion test, a mechanical test which is designed to closely resemble both the installation process and the crack expansion due to thermal loading. This test uses the Direct Tension Test (DTT) device. The principle of the test is to apply a tensile force to detach the sealant from its aggregate counterpart. The maximum load, Pmax, and the energy to separation, E, are calculated and reported to indicate interface bonding. The third test implements the principles of fracture mechanics in a pressurized circular blister test. The apparatus is specifically designed to conduct the test for bituminous crack sealant, asphalt binder, or other bitumen-based materials. In this test, a fluid is injected at a constant rate at the interface between the substrate (aggregate or a standard material) and the adhesive (crack sealant) to create a blister. The fluid pressure and blister height are measured as functions of time; the data is used to calculate Interfacial Fracture Energy (IFE), which is a

The economics of pit and fissure sealants in preventive dentistry: a review.

PubMed

Kitchens, Dinah H

2005-08-15

Oral diseases are progressive, cumulative, and become more intricate to treat with advancement. While dental caries is an infectious transmissible disease with children being at the highest risk, primary prevention can reduce this risk. Primary prevention in dentistry is usually considered to be community fluoridated water supplies, professional fluoride treatments, and pit and fissure sealants. While community fluoridated water supplies have been proven to be cost-effective, the cost-effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants has primarily been studied in school-based programs of children from low socio-economic backgrounds. Dental sealant programs are just one way to help increase primary prevention in the oral health disparities of children. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding the cost-effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants as a preventive strategy in preventive dentistry.

Self-Healable and Reprocessable Polysulfide Sealants Prepared from Liquid Polysulfide Oligomer and Epoxy Resin.

PubMed

Gao, Wentong; Bie, Mengyao; Liu, Fu; Chang, Pengshan; Quan, Yiwu

2017-05-10

Polysulfide sealants have been commercially applied in many industrial fields. In this article, we study the self-healing property of the epoxy resin-cured polysulfide sealants for the first time. The obtained sealants showed a flexible range of ultimate elongation of 157-478% and a tensile strength of 1.02-0.75 MPa corresponding to different polysulfide oligomers. By taking advantage of the dynamic reversible exchange of disulfide bonds, polysulfide sealants exhibited good self-healing ability under a moderate thermal stimulus. A higher molecular weight and a lower degree of cross-linking of polysulfide oligomer were helpful in improving the ultimate elongation and healing efficiency of the polysulfide sealants. After subjecting to a temperature of 75 °C for 60 min, both the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of a fully cut sample, LP55-F, were restored to 91% of the original values, without affecting the sealing property. Furthermore, the sample exhibited excellent reshaping and reprocessing abilities. These outcomes offer a paradigm toward sustainable industrial applications of the polysulfide-based sealants.

Relation Between PAHs and Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealant in Urban Environments (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahler, B. J.; van Metre, P. C.

2010-12-01

Since 2003, coal-tar-based sealant products have come under increased scrutiny as a source of PAHs in urban environments. Sealant (or sealcoat) is the black, shiny substance often applied to asphalt pavement, in particular parking lots and driveways, for esthetic and maintenance purposes. Coal-tar-based sealant, one of the two primary pavement sealant types on the market, typically is 20-35 percent coal-tar pitch, a known carcinogen that is more than 50 percent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAH content of the coal-tar-based sealant product is about 1,000 times that of a similar, asphalt-based product, on average. This difference is reflected in regional differences in sealant use and PAH concentrations in pavement dust. In the central and eastern U.S., where the coal-tar-based formulation is prevalent, ΣPAH in mobile particles from sealed pavement have been shown to be about 1,000 times higher than in the western U.S., where the asphalt-based formulation is prevalent (the median ΣPAH concentrations are 2,200 mg/kg in the central and eastern U.S. and 2.1 mg/kg in the western U.S.). Source apportionment modeling indicates that, in the central and eastern U.S., particles from sealed pavement are contributing the majority of the PAHs in recently deposited (post-1990) lake sediment, with implications for ecological health, and that coal-tar-based sealant is the primary cause of upward trends in PAHs in U.S. urban lakes. From the standpoint of human health, research indicates that mobile particles from parking lots with coal-tar-based sealant are tracked indoors, resulting in elevated PAH concentrations in house dust. Coal-tar-based sealcoat being applied to an asphalt parking lot at the University of Texas Pickle Research Center.

Recalcitrant Epithelial Ingrowth After SMILE Treated With a Hydrogel Ocular Sealant.

PubMed

Thulasi, Praneetha; Kim, Sang Woo; Shetty, Rohit; Randleman, J Bradley

2015-12-01

To report a case of recalcitrant epithelial ingrowth after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) treated successfully with a novel hydrogel ocular sealant. Case report and literature review. A 32-year-old man who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) complicated by difficult lenticule extraction developed visually significant epithelial ingrowth. He then underwent two flap lifts and epithelial scrapings and flap edge suturing with recurrence of epithelial ingrowth despite these interventions. He subsequently underwent repeat scraping, followed by hydrogel ocular sealant placement (ReSure Sealant; Ocular Therapeutix, Inc., Bedford, MA), which prevented recurrence of epithelial ingrowth and reduced corneal haze. The patient was also found to have undiagnosed diabetes, suggesting that just as in LASIK, diabetes may be a risk factor for epithelial ingrowth after SMILE. Interface epithelial ingrowth is a potential complication after SMILE and diabetes may be a risk factor for this complication. Hydrogel ocular sealant may be effective after SMILE to prevent epithelial ingrowth into the interface. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

A comparison between three different pit and fissure sealants with regard to marginal integrity.

PubMed

Fernandes, Kristlee Sabrin; Chalakkal, Paul; de Ataide, Ida de Noronha; Pavaskar, Rajdeep; Fernandes, Precylia Philo; Soni, Harleen

2012-04-01

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO COMPARE THE OCCURRENCE OF ENAMEL FRACTURES, SEALANT FRACTURES AND MARGINAL FISSURES AFTER PLACEMENT OF THREE SEALANTS: Helioseal F, Conseal F and Clinpro. Thirty individuals between 13 and 15 years of age, diagnosed with pit and fissure caries by visual and DIAGNOdent examination, were chosen for sealant placement on their mandibular molars. The sealants were placed at random, after which, impressions were made with polyvinyl siloxane and casts were fabricated. Dies were prepared, each of which were sputter coated with gold in order to be examined under a scanning electron microscope. The following morphologies were analyzed from dies from each of the sealant groups: Continuous margins, sealant fractures, marginal fissures and enamel fractures. After six months, they were recalled for impression making. Dies were prepared and microscopically analyzed as mentioned. Based on the time of evaluation, there were two groups: Initial group (soon after placement) and final group (after six months). Statistical analysis was done using the paired 't' test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Clinpro had the greatest fracture resistance, followed by Conseal F and Helioseal F. The occurrence of marginal fissure was found to be least with Clinpro.

Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery.

PubMed

Cheng, Yao; Ye, Mingxin; Xiong, Xianze; Peng, Su; Wu, Hong Mei; Cheng, Nansheng; Gong, Jianping

2016-02-15

Postoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most frequent and potentially life-threatening complications following pancreatic resections. Fibrin sealants are introduced to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula by some surgeons. However, the use of fibrin sealants during pancreatic surgery is controversial. To assess the safety, effectiveness, and potential adverse effects of fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery. We searched The Cochrane Library (2015, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1946 to 26 August 2015), EMBASE (1980 to 26 August 2015), Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to 26 August 2015), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) (1978 to 26 August 2015). We included all randomized controlled trials that compared fibrin sealant group (fibrin glue or fibrin sealant patch) versus control group (no fibrin sealant or placebo) in people undergoing pancreatic surgery. Two review authors independently identified the trials for inclusion, collected the data, and assessed the risk of bias. We performed the meta-analyses using Review Manager 5. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes (or a Peto odds ratio for very rare outcomes), and the mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included nine trials involving 1095 participants who were randomized to the fibrin sealant group (N = 550) and the control group (N = 545) after pancreatic surgery. All of the trials were at high risk of bias. There was no evidence of differences in overall postoperative pancreatic fistula (fibrin sealant 29.6%; control 31.0%; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.21; P = 0.58; nine studies; low-quality evidence), postoperative mortality (3.1% versus 2.1%; Peto OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.82; P = 0.53; eight studies; very low-quality evidence), overall postoperative morbidity (29.6% versus 28.9%; RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.32; P = 0.77; five studies), reoperation rate (8.7% versus 10

Impact of adhesive and photoactivation method on sealant integrity and polymer network formation.

PubMed

Borges, Boniek Castillo Dutra; Pereira, Fabrício Lopes da Rocha; Alonso, Roberta Caroline Bruschi; Braz, Rodivan; Montes, Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende; Pinheiro, Isauremi Vieira de Assunção; Santos, Alex José Souza dos

2012-01-01

We evaluated the influence of photoactivation method and hydrophobic resin (HR) application on the marginal and internal adaptation, hardness (KHN), and crosslink density (CLD) of a resin-based fissure sealant. Model fissures were created in bovine enamel fragments (n = 10) and sealed using one of the following protocols: no adhesive system + photoactivation of the sealant using continuous light (CL), no adhesive system + photoactivation of the sealant using the soft-start method (SS), HR + CL, or HR + SS. Marginal and internal gaps and KHN were assessed after storage in water for 24 h. The CLD was indirectly assessed by repeating the KHN measurement after 24 h of immersion in 100% ethanol. There was no difference among the samples with regard to marginal or internal adaptation. The KHN and CLD were similar for samples cured using either photoactivation method. Use of a hydrophobic resin prior to placement of fissure sealants and curing the sealant using the soft-start method may not provide any positive influence on integrity or crosslink density.

Effectiveness of a new gelatin sealant system for dural closure.

PubMed

Kawai, Hisashi; Nakagawa, Ichiro; Nishimura, Fumihiko; Motoyama, Yasushi; Park, Young-Su; Nakamura, Mitsutoshi; Nakase, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Shuko; Ikada, Yoshito

2014-10-01

Watertight dural closure is imperative after neurosurgical procedures because inadequately treated leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can have serious consequences. In this study, the authors test the use of a new gelatin glue as a dural sealant in in vitro and in vivo canine models of transdural CSF leakage. The in vitro model was sutured semicircles of canine dura mater and artificial dural substitute. The sutures were sealed with gelatin glue (n  =  20), fibrin glue (n  =  20), or a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel sealant (n  =  20). Each sample was set in a device to measure water pressure, and pressure was increased until leakage occurred. Bonding strength was subjectively evaluated. The in vivo model was dogs who underwent dural excision and received either no sealant (control group; n  =  5) or gelatin glue sealant (n  =  5) before dural closure. Twenty-eight days post-surgery, the maximum intracranial pressure was measured at the cisterna magna using Valsalva maneuver and tissue adhesion was evaluated. The water pressure at which leakage occurred in the in vitro model was higher with gelatin glue (76·5 ± 39·8 mmHg) than with fibrin glue (38·3 ± 27·4 mmHg, P < 0·001) or the PEG-based hydrogel sealant (46·3 ± 20·9 mmHg, P  =  0·007). Bonding strength was higher for the gelatin glue than fibrin glue (P < 0·001) or PEG-based hydrogel sealant (P  =  0·001). The maximum intracranial pressure in the in vivo model was higher for the gelatin glue group (59·0 ± 2·2 mmHg) than the control group (13·8 ± 4·0 mmHg, P < 0·001). Tissue adhesion was lower for the gelatin glue group than the control group (P  =  0·005). The new gelatin glue provides an effective watertight closure when used as an adjunct to sutured dural repair.

PAH volatilization following application of coal-tar-based pavement sealant

USGS Publications Warehouse

Van Metre, Peter C.; Majewski, Michael S.; Mahler, Barbara J.; Foreman, William T.; Braun, Christopher L.; Wilson, Jennifer T.; Burbank, Teresa L.

2012-01-01

Coal-tar-based pavement sealants, a major source of PAHs to urban water bodies, have recently been identified as a source of volatile PAHs to the atmosphere. We tracked the volatilization of PAHs for 1 year after application of a coal-tar-based pavement sealant by measuring gas-phase PAH concentrations above the pavement surface and solid-phase PAH concentrations in sealant scraped from the surface. Gas-phase concentrations at two heights (0.03 and 1.28 m) and wind speed were used to estimate volatilization flux. The sum of the concentrations of eight frequently detected PAHs (ΣPAH8) in the 0.03-m sample 1.6 h after application (297,000 ng m-3) was about 5000 times greater than that previously reported for the same height above unsealed parking lots (66 ng m-3). Flux at 1.6 h after application was estimated at 45,000 μg m-2 h-1 and decreased rapidly during the 45 days after application to 160 μg m-2 h-1. Loss of PAHs from the adhered sealant also was rapid, with about a 50% decrease in solid-phase ΣPAH8 concentration over the 45 days after application. There was general agreement, given the uncertainties, in the estimated mass of ΣPAH8 lost to the atmosphere on the basis of air sampling (2–3 g m-2) and adhered sealant sampling (6 g m-2) during the first 16 days after application, translating to a loss to the atmosphere of one-quarter to one-half of the PAHs in the sealcoat product. Combining the estimated mass of ΣPAH8 released to the atmosphere with a national-use estimate of coal-tar-based sealant suggests that PAH emissions from new coal-tar-based sealcoat applications each year (~1000 Mg) are larger than annual vehicle emissions of PAHs for the United States.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of fibrin sealants for patients undergoing pancreatic resection

PubMed Central

Orci, Lorenzo A; Oldani, Graziano; Berney, Thierry; Andres, Axel; Mentha, Gilles; Morel, Philippe; Toso, Christian

2014-01-01

Introduction Post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication after partial pancreatic resection, and is associated with increased rates of sepsis, mortality and costs. The role of fibrin sealants in decreasing the risk of POPF remains debatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the literature regarding the effectiveness of fibrin sealants in pancreatic surgery. Methods A comprehensive database search was conducted. Only randomized controlled trials comparing fibrin sealants with standard care were included. A meta-analysis regarding POPF, intra-abdominal collections, post-operative haemorrhage, pancreatitis and wound infections was performed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane collaboration. Results Seven studies were included, accounting for 897 patients. Compared with controls, patients receiving fibrin sealants had a pooled odds ratio (OR) of developing a POPF of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–1.14], P = 0.245. There was a trend towards a reduction in post-operative haemorrhage (OR = 0.43 (95%CI: 0.18–1.0), P = 0.05) and intra-abdominal collections (OR = 0.52 (95%CI: 0.25–1.06), P = 0.073) in those patients receiving fibrin sealants. No difference was observed in terms of mortality, wound infections, re-interventions or hospital stay. Conclusion On the basis of these results, fibrin sealants cannot be recommended for routine clinical use in the setting of pancreatic resection. PMID:23461684

Do fibrin sealants impact negative outcomes after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy?

PubMed

Cohen, Jason; Jayram, Gautam; Mullins, Jeffrey K; Ball, Mark W; Allaf, Mohamad E

2013-10-01

Contemporary rates of postoperative hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy (PN) are low. Commercially available hemostatic agents are commonly used during this surgery to reduce this risk despite a paucity of data supporting the practice. We assessed the impact of fibrin sealant hemostatic agents, a costly addition to surgeries, during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Between 2007 and 2011, 114 consecutive patients underwent RAPN by a single surgeon (MEA). Evicel fibrin sealant was used in the first 74 patients during renorraphy. The last 40 patients had renorraphy performed without the use of any hemostatic agents. Clinicopathologic, operative, and complication data were compared between groups. Multivariate and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the use of fibrin sealants and operative outcomes. Patient demographic data and clinical tumor characteristics were similar between groups. The use of fibrin sealant did not increase operative time (166.3 vs 176.1 minutes, P=0.28), warm ischemia time (WIT) (14.4 vs 16.1 minutes, P=0.18), or length of hospital stay (2.6 vs 2.4 days, P=0.35). The omission of these agents did not increase estimated blood loss (116.6 vs 176.1 mL, P=0.8) or postoperative blood transfusion (0% vs 2.5%, P=0.17). Univariate analysis demonstrated no association between use of fibrin sealants and increased complications (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed no statistically significant predictive value of omission of hemostatic agents for perioperative outcomes (P>0.05). Perioperative hemorrhage and other major complications after contemporary RAPN are rare in experienced hands. In our study, the use of fibrin sealants during RAPN does not decrease the rate of complications, blood loss, or hospital stay. Furthermore, no impact is seen on operative time, WIT, or other negative outcomes. Omitting these agents during RAPN could be a safe, effective, cost-saving measure.

Estimating emissions from adhesives and sealants uses and manufacturing for environmental risk assessments.

PubMed

Tolls, Johannes; Gómez, Divina; Guhl, Walter; Funk, Torsten; Seger, Erich; Wind, Thorsten

2016-01-01

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) requires that environmental exposure assessments be performed for all uses of dangerous substances that are marketed in the European Union in quantities above 10 tons per year. The quantification of emissions to the environment is a key step in this process. This publication describes the derivation of release factors and gives guidance for estimating use rates for quantifying the emissions from the manufacturing and application of adhesives and sealants. Release factors available for coatings and paints are read across to adhesives or sealants based on similarities between these 2 product groups with regard to chemical composition and to processing during manufacturing and application. The granular emission scenarios in these documents are mapped to the broad emission scenarios for adhesives or sealants. According to the mapping, the worst-case release factors for coatings or paints are identified and assigned to the adhesives or sealants scenarios. The resulting 10 specific environmental release categories (SPERCs) for adhesives and sealants are defined by differentiating between solvent and nonsolvent ingredients and between water-borne and solvent-borne or solvent-free products. These cover the vast majority of the production processes and uses and are more realistic than the 5 relevant emission estimation defaults provided in the REACH guidance. They are accompanied with adhesive or sealant consumption rates in the EU and with guidance for estimating conservative substance use rates at a generic level. The approach of combining conservative SPERC release factors with conservative estimates of substance rates is likely to yield emission estimates that tend to overpredict actual releases. Because this qualifies the approach for use in lower-tier environmental exposure assessment, the Association of the European Adhesive & Sealant Industry

Retention of fissure sealants in young permanent molars affected by dental fluorosis: a 12-month clinical study.

PubMed

Hasanuddin, S; Reddy, E R; Manjula, M; Srilaxmi, N; Rani, S T; Rajesh, A

2014-10-01

To evaluate and compare retention and caries occurance following placement of Clinpro and FUJI VII fissure sealants, by two different techniques simultaneously in unsealed, contralateral young permanent molars of 7- to 10-year-old children affected by mild to moderate dental fluorosis at various recall intervals of 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. 80 schoolchildren with mild to moderate dental fluorosis were assigned to Group A and Group B with 40 children in each group. In Group A Clinpro fissure sealant and in Group B Fuji VII fissure sealant was used. In both the groups fissure sealants were applied by conventional fissure sealant technique (CST) on one side and enameloplasty sealant technique (EST) on the other side of the same arch. The applied fissure sealants were evaluated clinically for retention and caries incidence. Clinpro fissure sealant showed a retention rate of 95% when compared with Fuji VII (57.5%) at the end of 12 months, which was statistically significant. Regarding techniques, EST showed better results than CST in both the groups. Comparison of groups with respect to retention and techniques at different time periods was performed using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Comparison of different time periods with respect to retention and technique in all the groups was performed using Wilcoxon matched pairs test by ranks (p < 0.05). Clinpro fissure sealant showed better retention at all treatment intervals, when compared with Fuji VII. Further follow-up is required to study the efficacy of the fissure sealant placement techniques.

Evaluation of microtensile bond strength of different fissure sealants to bovine enamel.

PubMed

Sen Tunc, E; Bayrak, S; Tuloglu, N; Ertas, E

2012-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a new fissure sealant and compare it with conventional sealants which are applied to enamel alone, and also with self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives. Enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed into three groups according to fissure sealant (Aegis, Helioseal F, Helioseal Clear). Each group was then subdivided according to adhesive system (Clearfil S3, Single Bond, no adhesive). A universal testing machine was used to measure μTBS, and data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. μTBS values for all Aegis subgroups were significantly lower than for comparable Helioseal F and Helioseal Clear subgroups (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in μTBS of Helioseal F and Helioseal Clear (p > 0.05). In the Helioseal Clear group, μTBS values for Single Bond were significantly higher than for Clearfil S3 (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the μTBS values of the adhesive subgroups in the Aegis or Helioseal F groups (p > 0.05). Sealant μTBS values may be affected by material content. The addition of an adhesive may improve μTBS values of sealant to enamel. © 2012 Australian Dental Association.

Fibrin sealant: past, present, and future: a brief review.

PubMed

Spotnitz, William D

2010-04-01

Fibrin sealant is a two-component topical hemostat, sealant, and tissue adhesive consisting of fibrinogen and thrombin that has been used in the United States as a blood bank- or laboratory-derived product since the 1980s and has been commercially available since 1998. Initially, surgeons employed hospital-based materials because of the lack of availability of a commercially produced agent. At present, there are five U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved forms including products derived from pooled or autologous human plasma as well as bovine plasma. On-label indications include hemostasis, colonic sealing, and skin graft attachment. Recent clinical and experimental uses include tissue or mesh attachment, fistula closure, lymphatic sealing, adhesion prevention, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The modern literature on fibrin sealant now exceeds 3000 articles and continues to expand. This brief review presents the history of this material, its present clinical use, and its future applications.

Investigating crack sealant performance and causes of bumps in new hot mix asphalt overlays over crack sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

This final report is intended to provide information regarding the performance of crack sealants supplied and installed by : three manufacturers for experimental use in a three-year evaluation of in-service pavements on three Colorado highways. : In ...

Effect of type and content of tackifier on adhesion of natural rubber and reclaimed natural rubber based sealant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raethong, P.; Boonkerd, K.

2017-07-01

Adhesion property of natural rubber (NR) and reclaimed natural rubber (RNR) based sealant with concrete was studied here. The effect of tackifier type and loading on the tensile properties of the rubber based sealant sandwished between two flat cements was evaluated. There are three different tackifiers including Coumarone-indene resin (CI), petro resin (PE) and gum rosin (GR). The result initially showed that at the 20 phr of tackifier both NR and RNR sealant mixed with CI consumed the highest force to separate the rubber based sealant from the concrete. This might be due to the highest compatiblility between CI and rubber. Regardless of the tackifier type, all NR based sealants showed the cohesive failure while all RNR based sealants only showed the adhesive failure. Moreover, the NR based sealant seemed to be stronger than the RNR based one. When considering the effect of CI loading on the adhesion, it was shown that for both NR and RNR based sealents, the highest stress was observed when the rubber based sealant loaded with the 20 phr of CI.

Field evaluation of three joint sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-01-01

The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate the performance of three joint sealants compartmented (A) and closed cellular (B) preformed neoprene, and a two-component cold-mixed polysulfide (C)-- that were used in the interchanges for Inter...

First Permanent Molar Restoration Differences between Those with or without Dental Sealants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuthy, Raymond A.; And Others

1990-01-01

The study examined differences in the number of restorations in permanent, posterior teeth for those children receiving dental sealants with cost sharing when compared to children who do not receive sealants. Results indicated a 51 percent reduction in restoration rates for each quadrant sealed. Findings have implications for cost savings and…

Retention of Moisture-tolerant and Conventional Resin-based Sealant in Six- to Nine-year-old Children.

PubMed

Khatri, Sachin G; Samuel, Srinivasan Raj; Acharya, Shashidhar; Patil, Snehal; Madan, Kavita

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the retention rates and development of caries in permanent molars in children sealed with moisture-tolerant, resin-based (Embrace WetBond), and conventional resin-based (Helioseal) sealant over a period of one year. This was a double blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial among six- to nine-year-olds. Sixty-eight permanent mandibular first molars in 34 children were randomly assigned to be sealed with Embrace WetBond or Helioseal sealant. The final sample was 32 children with 64 teeth. At 12 months, 23 of 32 (72 percent) sealants were completely retained in Embrace WetBond, whereas only 16 of 32 (50 percent) were retained in the Helioseal group. There was a statistically significant difference in retention rates of Embrace WetBond and Helioseal sealants at 12 months (P<.05). At 12 months follow-up, only two teeth developed caries in Embrace WetBond; in the Helioseal group, five teeth developed caries (two initial and three enamel caries). Embrace WetBond was superior to Helioseal sealant, as Embrace exhibited higher retention and lower caries scores. Embrace WetBond can be preferred over conventional resin-based sealants for community and outreach sealant programs where use of rubber dam for moisture control is difficult to practice.

Adherence and efficacy of an external teat sealant to prevent new intramammary infections in the dry period.

PubMed

Lim, G H; Leslie, K E; Kelton, D F; Duffield, T F; Timms, L L; Dingwell, R T

2007-03-01

The efficacy and adherence of an external teat sealant applied at drying off was evaluated in 2 studies between 1997 and 1999. At drying off, 2 quarters were randomized to receive intramammary dry-cow antibiotic therapy, and the remaining 2 quarters were treated with either a single or double application of external teat sealant. Approximately 3 d before calving, all teats that had been dipped at drying off were redipped in a single coating of teat sealant. Adherence of the teat sealant was scored for the first 2 wk after drying off, and physical traits of the teat skin and teat ends were recorded. Quarter milk samples were collected 1 wk before drying off, at drying off, 0 to 7 d, and 14 to 21 d postcalving. Somatic cell counts were determined from quarter samples taken at d 7 and 14 to 21 d after calving. Data were analyzed from 172 dry periods of 162 cows. The mean time of sealant adherence following drying off application was 3 +/- 0.13 d. Double sealant application significantly increased the duration of adherence by 0.67 d. Teats that had teat sealant applied twice at drying off and that had up to 3 d of adherence had the lowest linear score (LS) at 14 to 21 d (1.89 +/- 0.31) of all quarters. The LS of quarters that received antibiotic therapy only was 2.27 +/- 0.19. The majority of intramammary infections identified at drying off were caused by the minor pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Corynebacterium bovis (51 and 23%, respectively). The results from this study indicate that duration of sealant adherence to the teat-end should be considered when evaluating the impact of teat sealant treatment at drying off on the level of infection after calving. Double sealant application, cooler seasons, and longer teat lengths were associated with a significant increase in the duration of sealant adherence to the teat-end.

The retention of pit and fissure sealants placed in primary school children by Dental Health Services, Victoria.

PubMed

Messer, L B; Calache, H; Morgan, M V

1997-08-01

The benefit of a public sector sealant programme for children in Australia is yet to be established. This study evaluated sealants placed by therapists of the School Dental Service in Victoria, between 1989 and 1994, on permanent teeth of children in 15 primary schools in Melbourne. Seven hundred and seventy four children aged 6-12 years were examined in school dental clinics by six calibrated examiners. A total of 5363 sealants placed on 2875 permanent teeth (including 2616 first molars, 91 per cent of sample) up to four and a half years previously was examined. Values for complete and partial sealant retention were highest for premolars (86 per cent, 9 per cent respectively, total 95 per cent); similar for occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular first molars (63 per cent, 30 per cent; 62 per cent, 32 per cent respectively) and buccal pits of mandibular molars (66 per cent); and low for pits/fissures of Carabelli's cusps of maxillary molars (44 per cent). Cross-sectional examination up to 24 months for both maxillary and mandibular first molars indicated average values of 67 per cent complete retention, 27 per cent partial retention, 6 per cent missing; thereafter complete retention decreased and partial retention increased. Sealant failures in the six months post-placement were attributed to technique failure. Regardless of sealant retention, caries experience was low under partially retained or missing sealants (4.5 per cent) and completely retained sealants (0.4 per cent). It is concluded that the SDS sealant programme is a sound preventive dental public health approach.

Evidence-practice gap for dental sealant application: results from a dental practice-based research network in Japan.

PubMed

Yokoyama, Yoko; Kakudate, Naoki; Sumida, Futoshi; Matsumoto, Yuki; Gilbert, Gregg H; Gordan, Valeria V

2016-12-01

The study aims were: (i) to examine dentist practice patterns regarding treatment recommendations for dental sealants; and (ii) to identify characteristics associated with this recommendation. The study was performed using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT01680848). Participants were Japanese dentists (n = 282) recruited from the Dental Practice-based Research Network Japan. Three clinical photographs of the occlusal surface of a mandibular first molar were presented, portraying increasing depths of cavitation in a 12-year-old patient with high caries risk. Sealants would be an appropriate treatment in all three scenarios. We asked about the treatment decision for each case. We then performed multiple logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations between the decision to recommend sealants, and dentist, patient and practice characteristics. Responses were obtained from 189 dentists (response rate = 67%). In the hypothetical scenarios, dentists' recommendations for sealants for the 12-year-old patient varied from 16% to 26% across the three hypothetical clinical scenarios. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that dentist agreement with the efficacy of assessment for caries risk showed a significant association with the percentages of patients receiving sealants. Dentist practice patterns for sealant treatment recommendation show changes that are dependent on caries severity. The dentists' recommendations for sealants for the 12-year-old patient were low for all three selected scenarios, based on indications for sealants in the American Dental Association guidelines. Recommending a sealant showed a significant relationship with the dentist having a higher agreement with efficacy of caries risk assessment. © 2016 FDI World Dental Federation.

Application of rape pod sealants to reduce adverse environmental impacts.

PubMed

Bauša, Laimis; Steponavičius, Dainius; Jotautienė, Eglė; Kemzūraitė, Aurelija; Zaleckas, Ernestas

2018-04-01

Rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major global oilseed crop characterized by its high potential as an alimentary oil and in biodiesel production. The two most popular pod sealants (PS) used to reduce rape pod shattering are products in the pinolene range (di-1-p-menthene) and latex polymer products. Reports on the effective preservation of seed yield by these products are fairly contradictory. With this in mind, an experimental PS (PS4) that contained the active agents acrylic and trisiloxane was developed. Comparative experimental trials of the developed PS4 and three other PS (PS1, PS2 and PS3) containing active agents that are generally used for sealant production were conducted. The studies showed that the static and dynamic surface tension of PS4 was the lowest at the same concentration (2.0 g kg -1 ), consequently demonstrating the lowest spray drift. The chemical substances from PS had not penetrated the rape seeds in any of the PSs. The results indicate that treatment with PS4 exerts a beneficial effect in reducing rape seed yield loss (68-104 kg ha -1 in 2014 and 194-305 kg ha -1 in 2015) compared to other investigated PS. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Enamel Surface with Pit and Fissure Sealant Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass.

PubMed

Yang, S-Y; Kwon, J-S; Kim, K-N; Kim, K-M

2016-05-01

Enamel demineralization adjacent to pit and fissure sealants leads to the formation of marginal caries, which can necessitate the replacement of existing sealants. Dental materials with bioactive glass, which releases ions that inhibit dental caries, have been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enamel surface adjacent to sealants containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) under simulated microleakage between the material and the tooth in a cariogenic environment. Sealants containing 45S5BAG filler were prepared as follows: 0% 45S5BAG + 50.0% glass (BAG0 group), 12.5% 45S5BAG + 37.5% glass (BAG12.5 group), 25.0% 45S5BAG + 25.0% glass (BAG25.0 group), 37.5% 45S5BAG + 12.5% glass (BAG37.5 group), and 50.0% 45S5BAG + 0% glass (BAG50.0 group). A cured sealant disk was placed over a flat bovine enamel disk, separated by a 60-µm gap, and immersed in lactic acid solution (pH 4.0) at 37 °C for 15, 30, and 45 d. After the storage period, each enamel disk was separated from the cured sealant disk, and the enamel surface was examined with optical 3-dimensional surface profilometer, microhardness tester, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a significant increase in roughness and a decrease in microhardness of the enamel surface as the proportion of 45S5BAG decreased (P< 0.05). In the scanning electron microscopy images, enamel surfaces with BAG50.0 showed a smooth surface, similar to those in the control group with distilled water, even after prolonged acid storage. Additionally, an etched pattern was observed on the surface of the demineralized enamel with a decreasing proportion of 45S5BAG. Increasing the 45S5BAG filler contents of the sealants had a significant impact in preventing the demineralization of the enamel surface within microgaps between the material and the tooth when exposed to a cariogenic environment. Therefore, despite some marginal leakage, these novel sealants may be effective preventive dental materials for inhibiting

Microtensile Bond Strength of Embrace Wetbond Hydrophilic Sealant in Different Moisture Contamination: An In-Vitro Study.

PubMed

Panigrahi, Antarmayee; Srilatha, K T; Panigrahi, Rajat G; Mohanty, Susant; Bhuyan, Sanat K; Bardhan, Debojyoti

2015-07-01

Contamination of etched enamel with saliva has been shown to result in sealant failure. Recently, a hydrophilic sealant has been introduced. In absence of documented literature, this in vitro study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of Embrace Wet Bond without reduction of microtensile bond strength in the different moisture contamination. A 5mm block of sealant were built over prepared occlusal surface of 40 non-carious therapeutically extracted third molars which were sectioned into 1mm thick stick and tested using Zwick micro tensile tester. Obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc tests. Mean microtensile bond strength of Embrace sealant was not significantly lowered in different moisture contamination groups except Group 3 (air drying), which showed very highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in μTBS as compared to Group 1 (non-contaminated). Mean μTBS of Embrace sealant remains largely unchanged even in presence of moisture. Owing to its hydrophilic property, this sealant can be a great help in cases where maintaining isolation is difficult.

Hydrogel sealant versus sutures to prevent fluid egress after cataract surgery.

PubMed

Masket, Samuel; Hovanesian, John A; Levenson, Jeffrey; Tyson, Farrell; Flynn, William; Endl, Michael; Majmudar, Parag A; Modi, Satish; Chu, Ralph; Raizman, Michael B; Lane, Stephen S; Kim, Terry

2014-12-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of a hydrogel sealant versus a suture in preventing fluid egress after wound leakage in cataract surgery. Twenty-four ophthalmic clinical practices in the United States. Prospective randomized parallel-arm controlled multicenter subject-masked study. Healthy patients having uneventful clear corneal incision (CCI) cataract surgery were eligible for the study. Spontaneous and provoked fluid egress from wounds was evaluated at the time of surgery using a calibrated force gauge. Eyes with leakage were randomized to receive a hydrogel sealant (Resure) or a nylon suture at the main incision site. Incision leakage was reevaluated 1, 3, 7, and 28 days postoperatively. Of 500 eyes, 488 had leakage at the time of cataract surgery. The leak was spontaneous in 244 cases (48.8%), and 488 (97.6%) of all incisions leaked with 1.0 ounce or less of applied force. After randomization, 12 (4.1%) of 295 eyes in the sealant group and 60 (34.1%) of 176 eyes in the suture group had wound leakage with provocation (P<.0001). The overall incidence of adverse ocular events was statistically significantly lower in the sealant group than in the suture group (P<.05). In this study, 97.6% of CCIs leaked after cataract surgery. The hydrogel sealant was safe and effective and better than a suture for the intraoperative management of CCIs with leakage as seen on Seidel testing and for the prevention of postoperative fluid egress. Copyright © 2014 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Joint sealant materials for concrete pavement repairs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-01-01

This report on joint sealant materials for concrete pavement repairs is based on conversations with specialists from several states, the Federal Highway Administration, the Portland Cement Association, and the American Concrete Pavement Association, ...

Effect of intracameral injection of fibrin tissue sealant on the rabbit anterior segment

PubMed Central

Chew, Annabel C.Y.; Tan, Donald T.H.; Poh, Rebekah; HM, Htoon; Beuerman, Roger W.

2010-01-01

Purpose To investigate the effect of intracameral injection of fibrin tissue sealant on the anterior segment structures in a rabbit model. Methods One eye of 10 rabbits received an intracameral injection of fibrin tissue sealant with a thrombin concentration of 500 IU (TISSEEL), and the fellow eye received an intracameral injection of balanced salt solution as a control. The rabbits were followed up with serial slit-lamp examinations, photography, high resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography scans with pachymetry measurement, and intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring until complete dissolution of the fibrin sealant. Corneal endothelial cell viability was evaluated using live/dead cell assays. Apoptosis of the cornea and trabecular meshwork were evaluated using TUNEL assays. Ultra-structural examinations of the cornea and trabecular meshwork were performed using electron microscopy. Histology of the trabecular meshwork and iris were analyzed using light microscopy. Results The quantity of the intracameral fibrin sealant was shown to be significantly correlated with increased IOP and pachymetry post-operatively. Complete dissolution of the fibrin sealant occurred between 15 and 30 days. Live/dead cell assays showed no decrease in viability of the corneal endothelium, and TUNEL assays showed no increase in apoptosis of the corneal epithelium, stroma, endothelium, or trabecular meshwork in the eyes with the fibrin sealant. Light and electron microscopy of the anterior segment structures were unremarkable. Conclusion The intracameral use of fibrin glue was associated with a transient increase in IOP and pachymetry. However, there was no evidence of toxicity or structural damage to the corneal endothelium, trabecular meshwork, or iris. PMID:20596250

Polyethylene glycol hydrogel polymer sealant for vitrectomy surgery: an in vitro study of sutureless vitrectomy incision closure.

PubMed

Hariprasad, Seenu M; Singh, Ajay

2011-03-01

To test a novel hydrogel sealant to secure sutureless sclerotomies under variable intraocular pressure conditions. In cadaver eyes, 23- and 20-gauge (G) sclerotomies were constructed. Sixteen 23-G beveled sclerotomies were constructed in 4 eyes: 8 of the incisions were treated with hydrogel sealant, while 8 were left bare. All sclerotomies were monitored for leaks while the intraocular pressure was elevated. The pressure on incision leakage was recorded as the leak pressure (maximum tested = 140 mm Hg). Additionally, sixteen 20-G sclerotomies were constructed in 4 other eyes: 8 of the incisions were treated with hydrogel sealant, while 8 were sutured. These incisions were similarly pressure tested. Among the 23-G incisions, hydrogel sealant application to the incisions significantly increased the leak pressure relative to bare incisions: mean (SE), 131.8 (8.2) vs 39.5 (5.2) mm Hg, respectively (P < .001). Only 1 of the 8 sealant-treated 23-G incisions leaked below 140 mm Hg, compared with all of the 8 bare incisions. Among the 20-G incisions, there was no difference in leak pressure among sealant-treated and sutured incisions: mean (SE), 140.0 (0.0) vs 136.3 (3.8) mm Hg, respectively (P = .35). None of the 8 sealant-treated 20-G incisions leaked below 140 mm Hg, compared with 1 of the 8 sutured incisions. Hydrogel sealant significantly increased the leak pressure among 23-G incisions relative to 23-G bare incisions and was equivalent to suturing among 20-G incisions. Hydrogel sealants effectively close vitrectomy incisions and may decrease the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis and hypotony.

Fibrin sealants: surgical hemostat, sealant and adhesive.

PubMed

Mandell, Samuel P; Gibran, Nicole S

2014-06-01

Fibrin sealants (FS) have been approved for use in the United States since 1998. Since approval, they have been used in a wide variety of clinical settings and new products continue to be introduced. This review covers the literature supporting the USA FDA-approved indications for FS products produced by Baxter Corp. Literature review of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, FDA approval documents and product websites yielded information contained in this article. Mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of these products are covered. FS are generally safe, popular and are used for a wide variety of off-label indications. Their use appears to be expanding rapidly. For many uses, including approved ones, large well-controlled trials are still needed. Additionally, cost-effectiveness data for these products would be a great benefit in guiding their future use.

Safety and usability of hemostats, sealants, and adhesives.

PubMed

Burks, Sandra; Spotnitz, William

2014-08-01

Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are an integral part of surgical patient care. Nurses who have knowledge about these agents can better help ensure safe, efficient surgical patient care. As a caregiver and patient advocate, the perioperative nurse must understand the most current information about these agents and be prepared to facilitate the transfer of this knowledge to all caregivers. Information about these agents, including the contraindications, warnings, and precautions associated with their use as well as their preparation and application, is provided here. Algorithms designed to clarify the best options for using hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are included as well. Copyright © 2014 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Eosinophilic pleural effusion possibly induced by fibrin sealant].

PubMed

Kambayashi, Takatoyo; Suzuki, Takashi

2012-02-01

A 74-year-old man underwent right upper lobectomy for the lung cancer and bullectomy of right lower lobe. Fibrin sealant was used for sealing the excision line. The increase of the pleural effusion with increasing C-reactive protein( CRP) and eosinophilia was noted at the 17th day after the operation. The pleural effusion was transparent and yellowish colored suggesting transudatory liquid. The eosinophil in the pleural effusion was as high as 14%. The drainage of the pleural effusion was performed for 2 days resulting in disappearing the abnormal accumulation without any additional treatment. The cause of pleural effusion was supposed to be fibrin sealant by a positive result of the drug lymphocyte stimulation test.

Sealant retention is better assessed through colour photographs than through the replica and the visual examination methods.

PubMed

Hu, Xuan; Fan, Mingwan; Rong, Wensheng; Lo, Edward C M; Bronkhorst, Ewald; Frencken, Jo E

2014-08-01

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the colour photograph method has a higher level of validity for assessing sealant retention than the visual clinical examination and replica methods. Sealed molars were assessed by two evaluators. The scores for the three methods were compared against consensus scores derived through assessing retention from scanning electron microscopy images (reference standard). The presence/absence (survival) of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces was determined according to the traditional and modified categorizations of retention. Sensitivity, specificity, and Youden-index scores were calculated. Sealant retention assessment scores for visual clinical examinations and for colour photographs were compared with those of the reference standard on 95 surfaces, and sealant retention assessment scores for replicas were compared with those of the reference standard on 33 surfaces. The highest mean Youden-index score for the presence/absence of sealant material was observed for the colour photograph method, followed by that for the replica method; the visual clinical examination method scored lowest. The mean Youden-index score for the survival of retained sealants was highest for the colour photograph method for both the traditional (0.882) and the modified (0.768) categories of sealant retention, whilst the visual clinical examination method had the lowest Youden-index score for these categories (0.745 and 0.063, respectively). The colour photograph method had a higher validity than the replica and the visual examination methods for assessing sealant retention. © 2014 Eur J Oral Sci.

Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents.

PubMed

Ahovuo-Saloranta, A; Hiiri, A; Nordblad, A; Worthington, H; Mäkelä, M

2004-01-01

Fissure sealants used on occlusal tooth surfaces were introduced in the 1960s for protecting pits and fissures from dental caries. Although sealants have demonstrated to be effective in preventing caries, their efficacy may be related to the background caries prevalence in the population. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the caries prevention of resin based pit and fissure sealants and glass ionomer cements or sealants in children and adolescents. We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (last update December 2002), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE via OVID (1966 to December 2002), EMBASE (1974 to February 2002), SCISEARCH, SIGLE, CAplus, INSPEC, JICST-EPLUS, NTIS, PASCAL (February 2002) and DARE, NHS EED, HTA (March 2002). Reference lists from included articles and review articles were searched for additional relevant articles. All relevant studies in most languages were considered and translated. Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of at least 12 months in duration in which sealants were used for preventing caries in children and adolescents under 20 years of age were included. The primary outcome was the increment in the numbers of carious occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars. In the first phase, two reviewers independently examined whether a given study was likely to be relevant on the basis of the title, key words and abstract. In the second phase, four of the reviewers independently classified studies to be included in final analyses. Study authors were contacted for additional information. In the split-mouth studies relative risk ratios were calculated for the paired differences of tooth surfaces being carious or not. In studies comparing resin based sealant with no treatment, fixed effect meta-analyses were used to combine the estimates of relative risk ratios. In one parallel group study, the mean DFS data as continuous data

Dental sealants and flowable composite restorations and psychosocial, neuropsychological, and physical development in children.

PubMed

Maserejian, Nancy N; Shrader, Peter; Trachtenberg, Felicia L; Hauser, Russ; Bellinger, David C; Tavares, Mary

2014-01-01

Dental sealant materials may intraorally release their components, including bisphenol-A (BPA), but long-term health effects are uncertain. The New England Children's Amalgam Trial (NECAT) found that composite restorations were associated with psychosocial, but not neuropsychological or physical, outcomes. The previous analysis did not consider sealants and preventive resin restorations (PRRs), which were routinely placed. The purpose of this analysis was to examine sealant/PRR exposure in association with psychosocial and other health outcomes. NECAT recruited 534 six- to 10-year-olds and provided dental care during a five-year follow-up. Annually, examiners conducted psychosocial and neuropsychological tests and measured body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (BF%). Associations between surface years (SY) of sealants/PRRs and outcomes were tested using multivariable models. Cumulative exposure level to sealants and/or PRRs was not associated with psychosocial assessments (eg, total problems: Child Behavior Checklist, 10-SY β=-0.2 ± 0.3, P=.60) or neuropsychological tests (eg, full-scale IQ, 10-SY β=0.1 ± 0.2, P=.60). There were no associations for changes in BMI-for-age z-score (P=.40), BF% (girls 10-SY β=-0.2 ± 0.3; boys 10-SY β=-0.1 ± 0.3), or menarche (10-SY hazard ratio=0.91, 95% confidence interval=0.83-1.01, P=.08). This study showed no associations between exposure level of dental sealants or PRRs and behavioral, neuropsychological, or physical development in children over 5-years.

Analysis of the hemostatic potential of modern topical sealants on arterial and venous anastomoses: an experimental porcine study.

PubMed

Fonouni, Hamidreza; Kashfi, Arash; Majlesara, Ali; Stahlheber, Oliver; Konstantinidis, Lukas; Kraus, Thomas W; Mehrabi, Arianeb; Oweira, Hani

2017-09-01

One of the widely accepted adjunctive agents in the variety of surgical modalities are sealants. Our study aim was to compare four commonly used modern sealants in a standardized experimental setting to assess their feasibility, and hemostatic efficacy in vascular anastomosis. Forty landrace pigs (weight: 24.7 ± 3.8 kg) were randomized into the control (n = 8) and four sealant groups; TachoSil® (n = 8), Tissucol Duo® (n = 8), Coseal® (n = 8), and FloSeal® (n = 8). After doing a portal vein end-to-end anastomosis as well as stitches of aortic incision, the sealants were applied on anastomotic site. The control group was left intact. In portal vein anastomosis, the sealants led to a complete hemostasis significantly better than control group. The mean of blood loss was also significantly reduced. In successful subgroups, there was a difference in the mean-time to reach complete hemostasis ranging from 15 s in Coseal® to 76 s in FloSeal® group (p  < 0.05). In aortotomy experiments, except Tissucol Due®, which had insufficient hemostasis, other sealants led to a complete hemostasis. The mean blood loss was significantly reduced in sealants groups as well. The four sealants are effective in reducing the suture-hole bleeding in portal vein anastomosis. However, the hemostatic potential is heterogeneous among sealants. This means that "one-size-fits-all" approach is not appropriate for application of sealants in diversity of vascular surgery and it should be based on the type and the severity of injury and the structure of tissue. Comparison of hemostasis efficacy of four modern sealants (TachoSil®, Tissucol Duo®, Coseal®, and FloSeal®) in vascular anastomosis in porcine model. The figures below show the total blood loss (g) in the control and sealant groups after aortotomy (left) and portal vein anastomosis (right). The mean of blood loss decreased significantly by the usage of sealants in both experiment groups as compared

Fibrin Tissue Sealant as an Adjunct to Cleft Palate Repair.

PubMed

Wu, Robin; Wilson, Alexander; Travieso, Roberto; Steinbacher, Derek M

2017-07-01

Fibrin glue is a common tissue sealant used to promote hemostasis, adhere tissues, and accelerate healing. Cleft palate repair can be technically challenging, creating dead space between tissue planes, and can be prone to complications such as would dehiscence or bleeding. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of fibrin glue as an adjunct to cleft palate repair. The authors hypothesize a beneficial impact on complication rates, including bleeding, dehiscence, and fistula formation, among others. Primary cleft palate repairs using fibrin glue were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were combed for outcome variables. Complication rates were calculated in percentages and the results were compared to the published literature. Z-test statistics were performed for comparison. A total of 45 patients, 21 females and 24 males, who underwent primary cleft palate repair with fibrin glue between 2011 and 2014, had sufficient data to be reviewed. There were no instances of bleeding, dehiscence, airway obstruction, infection, oronasal fistula, or return to the operating room in any patients. One patient exhibited mild postoperative coughing and secretions that resolved with conservative measures. Another patient displayed postoperative seizure activity due to a pre-existing condition. All complication rates in our fibrin glue series were lower than those reported without the use of fibrin glue. Overall complication rates with fibrin sealant are significantly lower than overall complication rates without. Our data suggest that fibrin sealant is a beneficial adjunct to cleft palate repair. Its application is well-tolerated and the complication profile in our cohort was much less than the reported rates. The results of this preliminary study should be vetted with a prospective analysis involving a control group.

Influence of light-curing mode on the cytotoxicity of resin-based surface sealants.

PubMed

Wegehaupt, Florian J; Tauböck, Tobias T; Attin, Thomas; Belibasakis, Georgios N

2014-05-06

Surface sealants have been successfully used in the prevention of erosive tooth wear. However, when multiple tooth surfaces should be sealed, the light-curing procedure is very time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether reduced light-curing time (while maintaining similar energy density) has an influence on resin-based surface sealant cytotoxicity. Bovine dentine discs were treated as follows: group 1: untreated, groups 2-5: Seal&Protect and groups 6-9: experimental sealer. Groups 2 and 6 were light-cured (VALO LED light-curing device) for 40 s (1000 mW/cm2), groups 3 and 7 for 10 s (1000 mW/cm2), groups 4 and 8 for 7 s (1400 mW/cm2) and groups 5 and 9 for 3 s (3200 mW/cm2). Later, materials were extracted in culture medium for 24 h, and released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as a measure of cytotoxicity was determined photometrically after cells (dental pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts) were exposed to the extracts for 24 h. Three independent experiments, for both sample preparation and cytotoxicity testing, were performed. Overall, lowest cytotoxicity was observed for the unsealed control group. No significant influence of light-curing settings on the cytotoxicity was observed (p = 0.537 and 0.838 for pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts, respectively). No significant difference in the cytotoxicity of the two sealants was observed after light-curing with same light-curing settings (group 2 vs. 6, 3 vs. 7, 4 vs. 8 and 5 vs. 9: p > 0.05, respectively). Shortening the light-curing time, while maintaining constant energy density, resulted in no higher cytotoxicity of the investigated sealants.

Minimally Invasive Pterygium Surgery: Sutureless Excision with Amniotic Membrane and Hydrogel Sealant.

PubMed

Bondalapati, Sailaja; Ambati, Balamurali

2016-01-01

To describe a novel technique for sutureless pterygium surgery using ReSure(®) tissue sealant. In this retrospective observational case series, we describe a modified procedure for pterygium excision followed by amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) adhered to the corneal and conjunctival defects using ReSure tissue sealant. Nine eyes of seven patients (age range: 28-80 years, 4 females and 3 males) underwent pterygium removal with AMT followed by adherence of tissue to the conjunctival edges with ReSure. No issues with transplant dislocation or failure and no intra- or postoperative complications were noted. No recurrences were noted during the follow-up period. ReSure may be considered as a potential sealant to adhere AMT to defective corneal and conjunctival tissues in sutureless pterygium surgery.

Biodegradable-Polymer-Blend-Based Surgical Sealant with Body-Temperature-Mediated Adhesion.

PubMed

Behrens, Adam M; Lee, Nora G; Casey, Brendan J; Srinivasan, Priya; Sikorski, Michael J; Daristotle, John L; Sandler, Anthony D; Kofinas, Peter

2015-12-22

The development of practical and efficient surgical sealants has the propensity to improve operational outcomes. A biodegradable polymer blend is fabricated as a nonwoven fiber mat in situ. After direct deposition onto the tissue of interest, the material transitions from a fiber mat to a film. This transition promotes polymer-substrate interfacial interactions leading to improved adhesion and surgical sealant performance. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Overview of CO2 Leakage Problems and Sealants for CO2 Leakage Remediation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Shudai

Excessive Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission has become a serious issue and caused lots of environmental problems. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) program has been developed to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. CO2 storage has been targeted mainly on depleted oil or gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. However, leakage could occur through wellbores, cap rocks, formation faults, and fractures during and after CO2 injection. To minimize the risk, different types of sealants have been investigated to prevent CO2 leaks. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of the materials which could be used as CO2 sealants. Based on the difference of materials components, this research has classified the sealants into seven types, including cements, geopolymers, foams, gel systems, resin systems, biofilm barriers, and nanoparticles. For each type of sealants, its chemical components, physical properties, stabilities, impact factors, applied environments, advantages and limitations were summarized. The most commonly used sealant for CO2 leakage control from wellbore is still cement, and the aluminate-calcium based cement has the best properties. It is very challenging to seal the fractures and faults, far from wellbore due to the difficulty to deliver plugging materials into the in-depth of a reservoir. The thermo-stability is also a great challenge for most materials and should be evaluated under supercritical CO2 condition.

Evaluation of joint sealant materials : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-05-01

In May, 1968, the Department's Research and Development Section initiated a project to evaluate joint sealants being marketed for use on roads and bridges. In the study, representatives of 31 companies installed 40 products primarily on one road and ...

First impressions about Adherus, a new dural sealant.

PubMed

Zoia, Cesare; Bongetta, Daniele; Lombardi, Francesco; Custodi, Viola Marta; Pugliese, Raffaelino; Gaetani, Paolo

2015-12-18

The aim of the study is to report our first impressions about Adherus, a novel dural sealant, used in neurosurgical endoscopic transnasal procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and surgical records of the first 11 patients with intraoperative high-flow cerebrospinal fluid leak treated with the aid of Adherus at our center between February and October 2014. The healing at the level of the dural plasty was monitored and evaluated radiologically and with regular endoscopic inspections. With a median follow-up of 210 days, no postoperative CSF leak or surgical site infections were found in any of the cases. Based on our preliminary experience, this new dural sealant seems to provide an effective aid in dural plasty during endoscopic transphenoidal procedures.

Ion release and in vitro enamel fluoride uptake associated with pit and fissure sealants containing microencapsulated remineralizing agents.

PubMed

Burbank, Brant D; Cooper, Ryan L; Kava, Alyssa; Hartjes, Jennifer M; McHale, William A; Latta, Mark A; Gross, Stephen M

2017-04-01

To determine if pit-and-fissure sealants with microencapsulated remineralizing agents with sustained release of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ions could promote enamel fluoride uptake by demineralized tooth structure. Sealants that contained 5 w/w% microcapsules with aqueous solutions of 5M Ca(NO3)2 or 0.8M NaF or 6.0M K2HPO4 or a mixture of all three were prepared. Ion release profiles were measured as a function of time. Enamel fluoride uptake by demineralized tooth structure was determined. Sustained release of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ions from a sealant was demonstrated. Fluoride uptake by demineralized enamel was significantly increased compared to a control sealant manufactured without microcapsules (P< 0.01). Bovine enamel that contained 2.2±2.1 µg F/g of enamel prior to exposure to a sealant without microcapsules had 2.3±0.5 after 90 days. Enamel exposed to sealant with 5w/% NaF microcapsules went from 3.5±3.5 µg F/g of enamel prior to exposure to 148±76 after 90 days. Enamel exposed to sealant with 2 w/w% NaF, 2 w/w% Ca(NO3)2 and 1 w/w% K2HPO4 microcapsules went from 1.7±0.7 µg F/g of enamel prior to exposure to 190±137 after 90 days. Sealants with encapsulated remineralizing agents were capable of releasing biologically available fluoride, calcium, and phosphate ions. Incorporation of these microcapsules in pit and fissure sealants is a promising method for remineralization determined by enamel fluoride uptake measurements.

Short-term crack sealant performance and reducing bumps and transverse cracking in new hot mix asphalt overlays over crack sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-11-01

This interim report is intended to provide preliminary information regarding the performance of crack sealants produced by three : manufacturers during a two-year period in service in three pavements in Colorado. In addition, preliminary conclusions ...

An accelerated exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, C. C.; Hunston, D. L.; Tan, K. T.; Hettenhouser, J.; Garver, J. D.

2013-09-01

The design, fabrication, and implementation of a computer-controlled exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants are described in this paper. This apparatus is unique in its ability to independently control and monitor temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and mechanical deformation. Each of these environmental factors can be controlled precisely over a wide range of conditions during periods of a month or more. Moreover, as controlled mechanical deformations can be generated, in situ mechanical characterization tests can be performed without removing specimens from the chamber. Temperature and humidity were controlled during our experiments via a precision temperature regulator and proportional mixing of dry and moisture-saturated air; while highly uniform UV radiation was attained by attaching the chamber to an integrating sphere-based radiation source. A computer-controlled stepper motor and a transmission system were used to provide precise movement control. The reliability and effectiveness of the apparatus were demonstrated on a model sealant material. The results clearly show that this apparatus provides an excellent platform to study the long-term durability of building joint sealants.

An accelerated exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants.

PubMed

White, C C; Hunston, D L; Tan, K T; Hettenhouser, J; Garver, J D

2013-09-01

The design, fabrication, and implementation of a computer-controlled exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants are described in this paper. This apparatus is unique in its ability to independently control and monitor temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and mechanical deformation. Each of these environmental factors can be controlled precisely over a wide range of conditions during periods of a month or more. Moreover, as controlled mechanical deformations can be generated, in situ mechanical characterization tests can be performed without removing specimens from the chamber. Temperature and humidity were controlled during our experiments via a precision temperature regulator and proportional mixing of dry and moisture-saturated air; while highly uniform UV radiation was attained by attaching the chamber to an integrating sphere-based radiation source. A computer-controlled stepper motor and a transmission system were used to provide precise movement control. The reliability and effectiveness of the apparatus were demonstrated on a model sealant material. The results clearly show that this apparatus provides an excellent platform to study the long-term durability of building joint sealants.

Survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

de Amorim, Rodrigo G; Leal, Soraya C; Frencken, Jo E

2012-04-01

The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic investigation plus meta-analysis into survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations using high-viscosity glass ionomers and to compare the results with those from the 2005 ART meta-analysis. Until February 2010, four databases were searched. Two hundred four publications were found, and 66 reported on ART restorations or sealant survival. Based on five exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected the 29 publications that accounted for the meta-analysis. Confidence intervals (CI) and or standard errors were calculated and the heterogeneity variance of the survival rates was estimated. Location (school/clinic) was an independent variable. The survival rates of single-surface and multiple-surface ART restorations in primary teeth over the first 2 years were 93% (CI, 91-94%) and 62% (CI, 51-73%), respectively; for single-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over the first 3 and 5 years it was 85% (CI, 77-91%) and 80% (CI, 76-83%), respectively and for multiple-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over 1 year it was 86% (CI, 59-98%). The mean annual dentine lesion incidence rate, in pits and fissures previously sealed using ART, over the first 3 years was 1%. No location effect and no differences between the 2005 and 2010 survival rates of ART restorations and sealants were observed. The short-term survival rates of single-surface ART restorations in primary and permanent teeth, and the caries-preventive effect of ART sealants were high. ART can safely be used in single-surface cavities in both primary and permanent teeth. ART sealants have a high caries preventive effect.

Comparison between self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) and fibrin sealant in neurosurgical hemostasis.

PubMed

Xu, Fei-Fan; Wang, Yue-Chun; Sun, Stella; Ho, Amy S W; Lee, Derek; Kiang, Karrie M Y; Zhang, Xiao-Qin; Lui, Wai-Man; Liu, Bai-Yun; Wu, Wu-Tian; Leung, Gilberto K K

2015-10-01

RADA16-I is a synthetic type I self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) which may serve as a novel biocompatible hemostatic agent. Its application in neurosurgical hemostasis, however, has not been explored. Although RADA16-I is nontoxic and nonimmunogenic, its intrinsic acidity may potentially provoke inflammation in the surgically injured brain. We conducted an animal study to compare RADA16-I with fibrin sealant, a commonly used agent, with the hypothesis that the former would be a comparable alternative. Using a standardized surgical brain injury model, 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three treatment groups: RADA16-I, fibrin sealant or gelatin sponge (control). Animals were sacrificed on day 3 and 42. Astrocytic and microglial infiltrations within the cerebral parenchyma adjacent to the operative site were significantly lower in the RADA16-I and fibrin sealant groups than control. RADA16-I did not cause more cellular inflammatory response despite its acidity when compared with fibrin sealant. Immunohistochemical studies showed infiltration by astrocytes and microglia into the fibrin sealant and RADA16-I grafts, suggesting their potential uses as tissue scaffolds. RADA16-I is a promising candidate for further translational and clinical studies that focus on its applications as a safe and effective hemostat, proregenerative nanofiber scaffold as well as drug and cell carrier. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A new fibrin sealant as a three-dimensional scaffold candidate for mesenchymal stem cells

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Introduction The optimization of an organic scaffold for specific types of applications and cells is vital to successful tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new fibrin sealant derived from snake venom as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells, to demonstrate the ability of cells to affect and detect the biological microenvironment. Methods The characterization of CD34, CD44 and CD90 expression on mesenchymal stem cells was performed by flow cytometry. In vitro growth and cell viability were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was induced. Results The fibrin sealant did not affect cell adhesion, proliferation or differentiation and allowed the adherence and growth of mesenchymal stem cells on its surface. Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining demonstrated the viability of mesenchymal stem cells in contact with the fibrin sealant and the ability of the biomaterial to maintain cell survival. Conclusions The new fibrin sealant is a three-dimensional scaffolding candidate that is capable of maintaining cell survival without interfering with differentiation, and might also be useful in drug delivery. Fibrin sealant has a low production cost, does not transmit infectious diseases from human blood and has properties of a suitable scaffold for stem cells because it permits the preparation of differentiated scaffolds that are suitable for every need. PMID:24916098

Adhesion testing procedure for hot-poured crack sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-11-01

Crack sealing is a common pavement maintenance treatment because it extends pavement service life significantly. : However, crack sealant often fails prematurely due to a loss of adhesion. Because current test methods are mostly : empirical and only ...

A randomized controlled trial of cluster audit and feedback on the quality of dental sealant for rural schoolchildren.

PubMed

Tianviwat, S; Hintao, J; Chongsuvivatwong, V; Thitasomakul, S

2016-03-01

To examine whether audit and feedback could improve the quality of the application of dental sealant in rural Thai school children. A single blind, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. Hospital-based and school-based school sealant applied by dental nurses in Southern province of Thailand. Dental nurses and school children who received dental sealant were involved. The intervention consisted of confidential feedback of data and tailor-made problem-solving workshops. Sealant quality was measured by sealant retention and caries on sealed surfaces at six-month after sealing. The teeth examinations were done among different groups of children prior and after the intervention. After the intervention, the sealant retention rate increased dramatically in the intervention group, whereas in the control group the rate was similar to that found at baseline. The rate of caries after the intervention was stable in the intervention group and increased slightly in the control group. At the beginning of the study, the adjusted odds ratio of complete sealant retention between the intervention and control group was 0.47 which increased to 1.99 at the end of the study. However, no effect on caries on sealed surfaces was observed. The intensive focus on actual problems during the audit and feedback improved the dental nurses' performance and the quality of the dental service, although it had no statistical impact on the incidence of caries.

Bond Strength of a Bisphenol-A-Free Fissure Sealant With and Without Adhesive Layer under Conditions of Saliva Contamination.

PubMed

Mesquita-Guimarães, Késsia Suênia Fidelis de; Sabbatini, Iliana Ferraz; Almeida, Cintia Guimarães de; Galo, Rodrigo; Nelson-Filho, Paulo; Borsatto, Maria Cristina

2016-01-01

Dental sealants are important for prevention of carious lesions, if they have good shear strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two sealants to saliva-contaminated and non-contaminated enamel with and without an intermediate adhesive layer underneath the sealant. Ninety flat enamel surfaces from human third molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=15): F (control): Fluroshield(tm) sealant; EWB (control): Embrace(tm) WetBond(tm); SB/F: Single Bond adhesive system + F; SB/EWB, s-SB/F and s-SB/EWB. In the s-SB/F and s-SB/EWB groups, the acid-etched enamel was contaminated with 0.01 mL of fresh human saliva for 20 s. Sealant cylinders were bonded to enamel surface with and without an intermediate adhesive system layer. The shear tests were performed using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). F presented higher mean SBS than EWB in all experimental conditions. The lowest SBS mean was obtained for EWB on contaminated enamel (p<0.05). In conclusion, an adhesive system layer should be used prior to sealant placement, in both dry and saliva-contaminated enamel. F had the best performance in all experimental conditions. EWB sealant showed very low results, but an adhesive layer underneath the sealant increased its SBS even after salivary contamination.

A Chitosan-Based Sinus Sealant for Reduction of Adhesion Formation in Rabbit and Sheep Models

PubMed Central

Medina, Jennifer G.; Steinke, John W.; Das, Subinoy

2013-01-01

Objective Chronic sinusitis is the most prevalent chronic disease in the United States in adults aged 18 to 44 years, with approximately 250,000 operations performed annually. Although often successful, sinus surgery fails in greater than 15% of patients. Adhesion formation is a common complication and cause for subsequent revision surgery. Here, the authors evaluate a sprayable chitosan/starch-based sinus sealant and demonstrate its ability to reduce adhesion formation both in vitro and in 2 animal models. Study Design Randomized, controlled, animal trials. Setting Academic medical center (fibroblast experiments) and animal laboratories (sheep and rabbit studies). Subjects and Methods This sinus sealant was applied to human cultured fibroblasts obtained from surgically removed polyps to examine its ability to inhibit fibroblast migration and proliferation. The sinus sealant was applied to New Zealand White rabbits (n = 20) in an established cecal-sidewall abrasion model and to sheep (n = 10) in a sinus surgical adhesion model to examine its ability to reduce adhesion formation. Results This sinus sealant inhibited migration and proliferation of human cultured fibroblasts and reduced the total adhesion score from 4.9 to 0.3 for a total reduction of 94% (95th percentile confidence interval [CI], 78%, 100%; P < .001) in a well-established rabbit cecal-sidewall model commonly used for adhesion testing. Moreover, this sealant reduced adhesion formation from 80% to 10% for a total reduction of 70% (95th percentile CI, 57%, 93%; P = .003) in a sheep sinus adhesion surgical model. Conclusion This chitosan-based sealant demonstrates promise for reducing adhesion formation in sinus surgery. PMID:22492298

Use of fibrin sealants for the localized, controlled release of cefazolin

PubMed Central

Tredwell, Stephen; Jackson, John K.; Hamilton, Donald; Lee, Vivian; Burt, Helen M.

2006-01-01

Background Fibrin sealants are used increasingly in surgery to reduce bleeding and improve wound healing. They have great potential as biocompatible, biodegradable drug delivery systems, because the sealant may adhere to the target tissue and allow controlled release of the drug over an extended period. We investigated the encapsulation, stability and controlled release of erythromycin and cefazolin from Beriplast fibrin sealants (Aventis Behring Canada). Methods Drug-loaded clots were cast in glass vials and allowed to set. We observed the clots for drug precipitation and aggregation, and we assessed the effect of drug encapsulation on clot strength. Drug stability and release from the clots in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was quantified by ultraviolet and visible violet absorbance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Erythromycin was found to release slowly from the fibrin clots over the first 2 hours but then degrade rapidly. Cefazolin was found to be very stable in clots in PBS (97% stable at 2 d and 93% stable at 5 d). The drug released in a controlled manner over 2 days, with most being released during the first day. The dose of drug released could be varied by changing the amount placed in the thrombin solution. Clot thickness had no effect on the rate of cefazolin release. Conclusion Overall, the 2-day release profile and the excellent stability of the drug suggest that cefazolin-loaded fibrin sealants may offer an effective route of postoperative antibiotic delivery. PMID:17152573

An in-vitro evaluation of mechanical and esthetic properties of orthodontic sealants

PubMed Central

Premaraj, Thyagaseely Sheela; Rohani, Nima; Covey, David; Premaraj, Sundaralingam; Hua, Yi; Watanabe, Hidehiko

2014-01-01

Objective: To evaluate mechanical and esthetic Properties of two commercially available orthodontic sealants: Opal®Seal (OS) and L.E.D. Pro Seal (PS). Materials and Methods: Discs of each sealant were prepared to test the following properties: Micro hardness, wear resistance and color stability. Samples were randomly selected after the wear test for SEM imaging to analyze surface morphology. Results: OS was significantly harder than PS (P < 0.001). PS was significantly more wear resistant than OS (P < 0.05). PS showed a greater ∆E*ab (increased staining) when placed in wine or coffee showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). SEM showed particle size, shape and distribution were different for PS and OS reflecting the pattern seen on wear surfaces. Conclusion: Both orthodontic sealants are beneficial for protecting enamel. However with better wear properties PS was superior in resisting mechanical stresses. OS was more color stable. PMID:25512729

Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in a Portuguese Sample of Adolescents

PubMed Central

Veiga, Nélio J.; Pereira, Carlos M.; Ferreira, Paula C.; Correia, Ilidio J.

2015-01-01

Introduction The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of dental caries and the DMFT index, as well as the distribution pattern of pit and fissure sealants on permanent teeth in a Portuguese sample of adolescents, and to assess whether the existing usage of sealants and socio-demographic factors are correlated to caries prevalence on the examined sample. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 447 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire with questions about oral health behaviours and socio-economic status was answered by adolescents in the classroom. Clinical examination of oral health status and assessment of fissure sealants were accomplished by only one trained member of the research team. Results We obtained a DMFT index of 3.32 (2.92), which indicates a moderate level of prevalence of dental caries. When considering a DMFT = 0, we found significant statistical differences between the parents´ level of education (≤ 4th grade = 26.3 vs 5th–12th grade = 18.8 vs <12th grade = 43.3, p = 0.001), gender (male = 27.3 vs female = 19.6, p = 0.04), age (≤15 years = 27.1 vs <15 years = 18.5, p = 0.02), presence of fissure sealants (yes = 30.6 vs no = 13.5, p = 0.001) and experience of dental pain (no = 25.4 vs yes = 16.8, p = 0.02). When analyzing the prevalence of fissure sealants, we verified that 58.8% of adolescents had at least one fissure sealant applied. Significant statistical differences were found when analyzing the presence of fissure sealants related with parents´educational level (<9th grade, OR = 1.56 CI95% = 1.05–2.54), gender (female, OR = 1.86 CI95% = 1.19–2.98), experience of dental pain (yes, OR = 0.62 CI95% = 0.39–0.97) and presence of dental caries (yes, OR = 0.35 CI95% = 0.19–0.65). Conclusions The moderate level of caries prevalence reveals the need of improvement of primary prevention interventions among

Effect of artificial aging on the bond durability of fissure sealants.

PubMed

Yun, Xiaofei; Li, Wei; Ling, Chen; Fok, Alex

2013-06-01

To evaluate the effect of artificial aging on the bond durability of fissure sealants in vitro. Twenty bovine incisors received 4 different sealant treatments and were divided into four groups: 1. Ultraseal XT plus (UX); 2. Enamel Loc (EL); 3. 35% phosphoric acid plus Enamel Loc (PEL); 4. Adper Prompt L-Pop plus Clinpro (PPC). Beam-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly divided into three subgroups. One subgroup underwent the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test after 24-h storage in 37°C water. The other two subgroups were also subjected to the microtensile bond strength test after 5000 and 10,000 thermal cycles, respectively. Another twelve intact human third molars were sealed using 1 of 3 methods and were divided into 3 groups of 4 each: 1. Ultraseal XT plus; 2. Adper Prompt L-Pop plus Clinpro; and 3. Enamel Loc. Two specimens from each group were immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h, followed by exposure to fluorescent light for 8 h, before being scanned in a micro-CT (microcomputer tomography) machine. The other two were handled in the same way after undergoing 10,000 thermal cycles. The CT images obtained were evaluated. All samples from the EL group were broken during preparation, so no µTBS results were available. After 5000 thermal cycles, the bond strengths of the three other groups (UX, PEL, PPC) decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Longer thermocycling (10,000 cycles) resulted in more decreases in µTBS for group PEL and PPC, while the strength of the UX group remained relatively unchanged. After thermocycling, considerable silver penetration could be seen at the sealant/enamel interface of the EL group in micro-CT images. The etch-and-rinse procedure for sealant application promotes higher bond strength under artificial aging. Micro-CT, a nondestructive analytical tool, may be used to evaluate the sealant/enamel interface effectively.

Construction and monitoring of thin overlay and crack sealant test sections at the Pecos test track.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

In this project, several crack sealant sections were constructed at the Pecos RTC. Six different sealants were : applied in routed and non-routed configurations on both older and newer pavement. The following summer, : the sections were revaluated in...

Caries-preventive effect of fissure sealant containing surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass ionomer filler and bonded by self-etching primer.

PubMed

Shimazu, Kisaki; Ogata, Kiyokazu; Karibe, Hiroyuki

2012-01-01

We aimed to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of a fissure sealant containing surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler and bonded by self-etching primer versus those of 2 conventional resin-based sealants bonded by acid etching in terms of its impact on enamel demineralization and remineralization, enamel bond strength, and integrity of debonded enamel surfaces. Demineralization, remineralization, and bond strength on untreated enamel and enamel subsurface lesions of bovine incisors were assessed among the sealants by polarizing microscopy and microradiography; debonded enamel surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The conventional resin-based sealants bonded by acid etching caused surface defects on the enamel subsurface lesions and significantly increased the lesion depth (p = 0.014), indicative of enamel demineralization. However the S-PRG filler-containing sealant bonded by self-etching primer maintained the enamel surface integrity and inhibited enamel demineralization. No difference in bond strength on both untreated enamel and enamel subsurface lesions was noted among the sealants. An S-PRG filler-containing fissure sealant bonded by self-etching primer can prevent enamel demineralization, microleakage, and gaps without the tags created by acid etching regardless of the enamel condition. Such sealants are suitable for protecting the pits and fissures of immature permanent teeth.

Copolymer sealant compositions and method for making

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Navjot (Inventor); Leman, John Thomas (Inventor); Whitney, John M. (Inventor); Krabbenhoft, Herman Otto (Inventor)

2002-01-01

Condensation curable poly(fluoroorgano)siloxane-poly(silarylene)siloxane block copolymer compositions having a glass transition temperature not exceeding about -54.degree. C. and excellent solvent resistance have been found useful as sealants. Polyalkoxysilylorgano compounds, such as 1,4-bis[trimethoxysilyl(ethyl)]benzene have been found to be effective as cross-linkers.

Copolymer sealant compositions and method for making

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Navjot (Inventor); Leman, John Thomas (Inventor); Whitney, John M. (Inventor); Krabbenhoft, Herman Otto (Inventor)

2004-01-01

Condensation curable poly(fluoroorgano)siloxane-poly(silarylene)siloxane block copolymer compositions having a glass transition temperature not exceeding about -54.degree. C. and excellent solvent resistance have been found useful as sealants. Polyalkoxysilylorgano compounds, such as 1,4-bis[trimethoxysilyl(ethyl)]benzene have been found to be effective as cross-linkers.

Copolymer sealant compositions and method for making

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Navjot (Inventor); Leman, John Thomas (Inventor); Whitney, John M. (Inventor); Krabbenhoft, Herman Otto (Inventor)

2003-01-01

Condensation curable poly(fluoroorgano)siloxane-poly(silarylene)siloxane block copolymer compositions having a glass transition temperature not exceeding about -54.degree. C. and excellent solvent resistance have been found useful as sealants. Polyalkoxysilylorgano compounds, such as 1,4-bis[trimethoxysilyl(ethyl)]benzene have been found to be effective as cross-linkers.

The prevalence of dental caries and fissure sealants in 12 year old children by disadvantaged status in Dublin (Ireland).

PubMed

Sagheri, D; McLoughlin, J; Clarkson, J J

2009-03-01

The aim was to record dental caries levels and the presence of fissure sealants in 12-year-old schoolchildren whose domestic water supply had been fluoridated since birth in Dublin (Ireland). Cross-sectional study. Participants A representative, random sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren in north-west Dublin. Dental caries levels were recorded using WHO criteria and fissure sealant was recorded when sealant was detectable on a permanent molar tooth. Medical card ownership, as a surrogate for disadvantage, was recorded by use of a questionnaire. Three-hundred and thirty-two (332) children were examined. The mean DMFT was 0.80 (SD 1.24). Analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) based on stratification of the sample according to medical-card status revealed no statistically significant difference between DMFT median scores of children of medical-card holders (i.e., social disadvantage background) and non medical-card holders (p-value = 0.23). However, the data revealed a social gradient in the presence of at least one fissure sealant. Approximately 10% more children in the group of medical-card holders had no fissure sealants present. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between the absence of fissure sealants and at least one fissure sealant between the two groups and was considered to be statistically significant (p-value = 0.04). This study demonstrated a social gradient in the presence of fissure sealants, but no such gradient in dental caries levels. This demonstrates the importance of population-based measures in the prevention of dental caries, such as water fluoridation, in reducing oral health inequalities.

In vitro comparison of two widely used surgical sealants for treating alveolar air leak.

PubMed

Zhang, Ruoyu; Bures, Maximilian; Höffler, Klaus; Jonigk, Danny; Haverich, Axel; Krueger, Marcus

2014-12-01

Controversies surrounding the efficacy of sealants against alveolar air leak (AAL) are abundant in the literature. We sought to test the widely used sealants, TachoSil (Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan) and BioGlue (CryoLife Europa Ltd., Surrey, United Kingdom) in an in vitro model. Materials and After creation of a focal superficial defect (40 × 25 mm) in swine lungs (n=40), AAL was assessed with increasing inspired tidal volume (TVi). Upon sealant application in a randomized order, AAL was assessed in the same way until sealant burst. At TVi =400, 500, 600, and 700 mL, BioGlue achieved sealing in 19, 19, 16, and 14 tests, while TachoSil sealed in 19, 14, 4, and no test, respectively. The maximally tolerated pressure of BioGlue was higher than TachoSil (40.3 ± 3.0 vs. 36.0 ± 4.9 cm H2O, p=0.003). Cohesive and adhesive failures were found in 10 and 1 tests of BioGlue, respectively, while all burst failures of TachoSil were adhesive. Concerning elasticity, TachoSil allowed more expansion of the covered defect than BioGlue (6.3 ± 3.9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0 mm, p<0.001). The tested sealants demonstrated high sealing efficacy. While BioGlue was superior in resisting higher ventilation pressure, TachoSil possessed better elasticity. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Design, fabrication, and implementation of thermally driven outdoor testing devices for building joint sealants.

PubMed

White, C C; Tan, K T; O'Brien, E P; Hunston, D L; Chin, J W; Williams, R S

2011-02-01

The paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of two thermally driven outdoor exposure instruments. These devices are unique in their ability to impose field generated thermally induced strain on sealant specimens while monitoring their resulting load and displacement. The instruments combine a fixed wood and steel supporting frame with a moving polyvinyl chloride frame, and employ differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the supporting frame and moving frame to induce strain on the sealant specimens. Two different kinds of instruments have been fabricated, "winter/tension" and "winter/compression" designs. In the winter/tension design, the thermally induced dimensional change is directly transferred to the specimens; while in the winter/compression design, the samples are loaded in an opposite direction with the dimensional change. Both designs are instrumented to monitor load and displacement and are built so that the strain on the specimen does not exceed ±25% over the range of temperatures expected in Gaithersburg, MD. Additionally, a weather station is colocated with the device to record environmental conditions in 1 min intervals. This combination of weather information with mechanical property data enables a direct link between environmental conditions and the corresponding sealant response. The reliability and effectiveness of these instruments are demonstrated with a typical sealant material. The results show that the instruments work according to the design criteria and provide a meaningful quantitative platform to monitor the mechanical response of sealant exposed to outdoor weathering.

Experimental Investigation of Bio-Sealants Used for Pavement Preservation and Development of a New Strength Test for Asphalt Binders at Low Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Debaroti

Surface treatment using sealants as a mean of pavement preservation is an important tool for cost-effectively extending service life of pavement. Sealants have become an important tool for cost-effectively extending the service life pavements. Due to the combined negative effects of asphalt aging and thermal cracking, it is always more challenging to choose an appropriate preservation technique for pavements built in cold-regions. Asphalt aging and thermal cracking negatively affect pavements built in cold climates. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of sealants in laboratory conditions before application in the field to ensure effective performance. However, preservation activities cannot effectively address major distresses, such as low-temperature cracking, that can occur when the pavement was built from the very beginning with less durable materials. Therefore, an essential requirement to mitigate low-temperature cracking of pavements for asphalt materials used in the construction of pavement built in cold- regions is ensuring proper fracture properties of the asphalt materials used in construction. This study has two parts. In the first part, a laboratory evaluation of the effects of adding bio-sealants to both asphalt binder and mixture is performed. The goal is to obtain relevant properties of treated asphalt materials to understand the mechanism by which sealants improve pavement performance. For asphalt binders, a dynamic shear rheometer and a bending beam rheometer were used to obtain rheological properties of treated and untreated asphalt binders. For asphalt mixtures, field cores from both untreated and treated sections were collected and thin beam specimens were prepared from the cores to compare the creep and strength properties of the field-treated and laboratory-treated mixture. It is observed that the oil-based sealants have a significant softening effect on the control binder compared to the water-based sealant and traditional

Efficacy of a new sealant to prevent white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment : A 12-month, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Hammad, Shaza M; Knösel, Michael

2016-11-01

White spot lesions (WSLs) are an undesirable side effect of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and are reported to occur in 2-96 % of orthodontic patients. In this study, the efficacy of a new sealant to prevent WSLs during fixed orthodontic treatment was compared to a control group that did not receive sealant. For this 2-arm parallel-group randomized trial, 50 subjects aged 12-18 years (mean age 14.57 ± 2.04 years) were recruited from the orthodontics department at Mansoura University, Egypt. Eligibility criteria were no restorations, no active WSLs or caries, and adequate oral hygiene. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two arms prior to undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, namely a single application of SeLECT Defense™ sealant during the bracketing appointment or no sealant (control arm). Instructions and dentifrices for local home fluoridation regimen were identical in both groups. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Approximal Plaque Index (API) at specified time intervals. Dental photographs were taken for blinded WSLs assessment; inter- and intra-operator error were also calculated. Categorical data were tested using the χ 2 test, and a logistic regression model was adopted to detect associations between decalcification (WSLs), sealant application, and oral hygiene status. Only excellent or good oral hygiene were independent prognostic factors for preventing severe WSLs (p = 0.035). No significant effect on caries incidence was observed for the sealant. In combination with adequate oral hygiene SeLECT Defense™ helps to reduced the frequency of WSLs. However, the sealat showed no significant effect as sole preventive strategy.

ART restorations and sealants placed in Chinese school children--results after three years.

PubMed

Holmgren, C J; Lo, E C; Hu, D; Wan, H

2000-08-01

These were to assess whether ART restorations and sealants could be provided to children in a school environment in China, to assess patient acceptability of the ART approach, and to evaluate on a longitudinal basis the treatments performed. This study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province, in western China. A total of 294 ART restorations were placed in 197 children and 191 fissure sealants were placed in 140 children by five middle-level dentists in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The restorative material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molar, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually after placement by the same examiner who had not been involved in the placement of the restorations nor sealants using explorers and mouth-mirrors. At the 3-year examination an independent external examiner evaluated the restorations using USPHS criteria. Most of the children did not report discomfort during treatment and 92% were willing to receive ART restorations again. The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of small Class I restorations were 99% and 92% respectively. The corresponding figures for large Class I restorations were 90% and 77%. After 3 years, 72% of the sealants were either partially or completely retained. Only 2% of the sealed teeth developed fissure caries and these involved teeth where the sealants had been lost. Similar success rates were found using USPHS criteria. The ART approach for preventing and treating tooth decay in Chinese school children was shown to be appropriate, effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the restorations were high but were related to the size and type of the restoration.

A reversible thermoresponsive sealant for temporary closure of ocular trauma.

PubMed

Bayat, Niki; Zhang, Yi; Falabella, Paulo; Menefee, Roby; Whalen, John J; Humayun, Mark S; Thompson, Mark E

2017-12-06

Open globe injuries are full-thickness injuries sustained to the eye wall (cornea or sclera), which cause immediate drops in intraocular pressure that may lead to retinal detachment and permanent vision loss if not treated rapidly after injury. The current standard of care for open globe injuries consists of suturing the margins closed, but the technique can be time-consuming, requires specialized training and equipment, and can lead to patient discomfort, abrasion, and infection from eye rubbing. We engineered an injectable, thermoresponsive sealant (TRS) and a custom tool to occlude open globe injuries. The smart hydrogel sealant consists of physically cross-linked N -isopropylacrylamide copolymerized with butylacrylate. At low temperatures, it can be injected as a liquid, and when raised to body temperature, a heat-induced gelation converts the hydrogel into a solidified occlusion. The sealant can be repositioned or removed without causing additional trauma via exposure to cold water. In vitro and ex vivo assessments of mechanical adhesion to eye tissue revealed maintenance of intraocular pressure that is five times greater than the physiological range with reversible seal strength comparable to cyanoacrylate (super glue). In vivo assessment in a rabbit model of ocular trauma demonstrated ease of use for TRS deployment, statistically significant improvement in wound sealing, and no evidence of neurotoxicity, retinal tissue degradation, or significant chronic inflammatory response after 30 days of exposure. Given the advantages of body heat-induced gelation, rapid reversible occlusion, and in vivo safety and efficacy, shape-adaptable TRSs have translational potential as smart wound sealants for temporary occlusion of surgical incisions or traumatic injuries. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

New generation tissue sealants and hemostatic agents: innovative urologic applications.

PubMed

Traver, Michael A; Assimos, Dean G

2006-01-01

Control of blood loss during urologic surgery is paramount to the success of patient recovery. Hemostatic agents and tissue sealants are used routinely to prevent excess blood loss and in reconstruction during surgical repair. Some of the available products include thrombin sealant, fibrin glue, bovine serum/albumin/glutaraldehyde, and gelatin matrix. Each of these agents differs in mechanism, cost, and application. Complications can include allergic reactions or thromboembolism and the risk of contracting bovine spongiform encephalitis or hepatitis. Many new hemostatic agents are being developed and approved. The benefits and risks of use of these agents versus conventional treatment need to be considered on a case-by-case basis by the surgeon.

Validation of hot-poured crack sealant performance-based guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

This report summarizes a comprehensive research effort to validate thresholds for performance-based guidelines and : grading system for hot-poured asphalt crack sealants. A series of performance tests were established in earlier research and : includ...

Design, development, and testing of a hybrid in situ testing device for building joint sealant

Treesearch

C. White; N. Embree; C. Buch; R.S. Williams

2005-01-01

The testing of sealant samples has been restricted to devices that either focus on fatiguing multiple samples or quantifying the mechanical properties of a single sample. This manuscript describes a device that combines these two instrumental designs: the ability to both fatigue and characterize multiple sealant samples at the same time. This device employs precise...

Systematic review and meta-analysis of haemostatic and biliostatic efficacy of fibrin sealants in elective liver surgery.

PubMed

Sanjay, Pandanaboyana; Watt, David G; Wigmore, Stephen J

2013-04-01

Fibrin sealants are frequently used in liver surgery to achieve intraoperative haemostasis and reduce post-operative haemorrhage and bile leak. This meta-analysis aimed to review the haemostatic and biliostatic capacity of fibrin sealants in elective liver surgery. An electronic search was performed on the MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases using both subject headings and truncated word searches to identify all published articles that are related to this topic. Pooled risk ratios were calculated for categorical outcomes, and mean differences for secondary continuous outcomes, using the fixed-effects and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Ten randomised controlled trials encompassing 1,225 patients were analysed to achieve a summated outcome. Pooled data analysis showed the use of fibrin sealants resulted in reduced time to haemostasis (mean difference -3.45 min [-3.78, -3.13] (P < 0.00001)) and increased numbers of patients with complete haemostasis (risk ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 1.04-2.34, p = 0.03) when compared to controls. The use of fibrin sealants did not influence perioperative blood transfusion requirements, bile leak rates, post-operative haemorrhage, intra-abdominal collections and overall morbidity and mortality compared with controls. There is no solid evidence that the routine use of fibrin sealants reduces the incidence of post-operative haemorrhage or bile leak compared with other treatments. The use of fibrin sealants may reduce the time to haemostasis, but this does not translate to improved perioperative outcomes.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Bonding Agent on the Tensile Bond Strength of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants Using Invasive and Non-invasive Techniques: An in-vitro Study.

PubMed

Singh, Shamsher; Adlakha, Vivek; Babaji, Prashant; Chandna, Preetika; Thomas, Abi M; Chopra, Saroj

2013-10-01

Newer technologies and the development of pit and fissure sealants have shifted the treatment philosophy from 'drill and fill' to that of 'seal and heal'. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bonding agents on the tensile bond strengths of two pit and fissure sealants by using invasive and non-invasive techniques. One hundred and twenty bicuspids were collected and teeth were divided into two groups: Group-I (Clinpro) and Group-II (Conseal f) with 60 teeth in each group. For evaluating tensile bond strengths, occlusal surfaces of all the teeth were flattened by reducing buccal and lingual cusps without disturbing fissures. Standardised polyvinyl tube was bonded to occlusal surfaces with respective materials. Sealants were applied, with or without bonding agents, in increments and they were light cured. Tensile bond strengths were determined by using Universal Testing Machine. Data were then statistically analysed by using Student t-test for comparison. A statistically significant difference was found in tensile bond strength in invasive with bonding agent group than in non-invasive with bonding agent group. This study revealed that invasive techniques increase the tensile bond strengths of sealants as compared to non- invasive techniques and that the use of a bonding agent as an intermediate layer between the tooth and fissure sealant is beneficial for increasing the bond strength.

Microleakage and penetration depth of different fissure sealant materials after cyclic thermo-mechanic and brushing simulation.

PubMed

Hatirli, Hüseyin; Yasa, Bilal; Yasa, Elif

2018-01-30

The aim of the study was to evaluate microleakage and the penetration-depths of different fissure-sealant materials applied with/without enameloplasty after cyclic aging. One-hundred-sixty mandibular molars were divided into non-invasive and enameloplasty preparation groups and eight material subgroups, including: flowable composites (microhyrid, nanohybrid, and nanofilled), three resin-based (unfilled, filled, and highly-filled), a giomer-based, and a glass-ionomer-based fissure sealant. Specimens were subjected to two-year cyclic chewing and brushing simulation. After 5% basic-fuchsin dye penetration, specimens were sectioned and scored under stereomicroscope. Kruskal-Wallis statistical data showed that preparation type significantly affected the penetration of all tested materials (p<0.05), but not significantly affected microleakage (p>0.05). Flowable composites showed the best and the glass-ionomer-based sealant showed the worst penetration and microleakage. Slight preparation of fissures is not important in microleakage. However, enameloplasty significantly enhanced the depth of penetration of the sealants. Flowable composites offer promising results at the fissure sealing.

Retention of fissure sealants using two different methods of application in teeth with hypomineralised molars (MIH): a 4 year clinical study.

PubMed

Lygidakis, N A; Dimou, G; Stamataki, E

2009-12-01

This was to evaluate the retention rate of fissure sealants applied to MIH molars with occlusal enamel opacities, using two different application methods after 4 years. 54 children exhibiting molars with MIH aged 6-7 years, participated in the study. presence of at least 2 fully erupted caries-free maxillary or mandibular first permanent molars in the opposite sides of the mouth, both with occlusal enamel opacities without breakdown. Following parental consent, sealants were applied using a half-mouth experimental design. Group A: On a randomly assigned first molar on one side of the mouth sealants Fissurit were placed using a single bottle adhesive system (One-step prior to sealant application. Group B: Sealants were applied on the contra-lateral molar using the conventional etch and seal technique. Children were seen biannually when a preventive program was applied, without replacing any lost sealant. After 4 years, 47 sets of molars (94 teeth) were available for blind evaluation. Teeth in Group A presented a better retention rate; 70.2% were fully sealed, 29.7% partly sealed and none unsealed (lost sealant). Group B revealed 25.5% fully sealed, 44.6% partly sealed and 29.7% unsealed teeth. Differences between groups A and B were statistically significant (p<0.001). Also both groups revealed a decreasing retention rate over the 4-year period (p<0.001). There was no difference in dental caries increment rate and enamel breakdowns at the end of the study (p>0.01). In hypomineralised molars with occlusal opacities sealants appear to have greater retention when applied using 5th generation adhesive systems prior to sealant.

Transcutaneous Drainage of Gel-Like Substance after Application of Hydrogel Dural Sealant: Report of Two Cases.

PubMed

Siman, Homayoun; Techy, Fernando

2016-02-01

Study Design Case report. Objective Incidental durotomy (IDT) is a common complication of spinal surgery. The use of collagen matrix graft along with hydrogel dural sealant is a common method of IDT repair. With this method, there have been several reported cases of detrimental dural sealant expansion in the literature. One case study reported an expansion rate greater than 300%; many report neurologic damage. This article reports the clinical course of two patients who developed postoperative transcutaneous drainage of a gel-like substance after the use of a dural sealant, which is a previously unreported complication. Methods The clinical course and treatment outcome of two patients is presented. Results Both patients experienced postoperative transcutaneous drainage of a gel-like substance at the surgical site. Case one began draining this substance on postoperative day 14. This patient required no further intervention, and the drainage ended after 3 mL of a gel-like substance was expressed from his incision while in the clinic. Case two began draining the gel on postoperative day 16. This patient underwent two washout procedures and resolution of the drainage. No infection was ever detected. Conclusions To our knowledge, our patients are the first reported cases of transcutaneous drainage of expanded dural sealant. It is important to take into consideration the unexpected expansion of a dural sealant when using it for the repair of IDT.

Transcutaneous Drainage of Gel-Like Substance after Application of Hydrogel Dural Sealant: Report of Two Cases

PubMed Central

Siman, Homayoun; Techy, Fernando

2015-01-01

Study Design Case report. Objective Incidental durotomy (IDT) is a common complication of spinal surgery. The use of collagen matrix graft along with hydrogel dural sealant is a common method of IDT repair. With this method, there have been several reported cases of detrimental dural sealant expansion in the literature. One case study reported an expansion rate greater than 300%; many report neurologic damage. This article reports the clinical course of two patients who developed postoperative transcutaneous drainage of a gel-like substance after the use of a dural sealant, which is a previously unreported complication. Methods The clinical course and treatment outcome of two patients is presented. Results Both patients experienced postoperative transcutaneous drainage of a gel-like substance at the surgical site. Case one began draining this substance on postoperative day 14. This patient required no further intervention, and the drainage ended after 3 mL of a gel-like substance was expressed from his incision while in the clinic. Case two began draining the gel on postoperative day 16. This patient underwent two washout procedures and resolution of the drainage. No infection was ever detected. Conclusions To our knowledge, our patients are the first reported cases of transcutaneous drainage of expanded dural sealant. It is important to take into consideration the unexpected expansion of a dural sealant when using it for the repair of IDT. PMID:26835216

European Fissure Sealant Guidelines: assessment using AGREE II.

PubMed

San Martin-Galindo, L; Rodríguez-Lozano, F J; Abalos-Labruzzi, C; Niederman, R

2017-02-01

Pit and fissure sealants are effective in reducing the incidence of occlusal caries, and multiple clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed for recommending their proper use. The usefulness of CPGs depends on their quality and on the rigour of the guideline development process. A study was made to assess the quality of current European CPGs based on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument, which uses 23 key items rated on a 7-point scale to assess practice guideline development and the quality of reporting. A search was conducted for fissure sealant guidelines for preventing caries in children and adults at high and low risk published in the last 10 years. Calibration was carried out before scoring to assess agreement between the appraisers using the AGREE II instrument. The searches identified 19 relevant guidelines, and following application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, three guidelines were retained for evaluation. The proportion of observed agreement was calculated, expressed by the agreement separately for positive and negative ratings (PA = 0.89, NA = 0-91). The results of the guideline assessments revealed the highest score for the Irish guideline, a moderate score for the French guideline and the lowest score for the European guideline. Based on the AGREE II instrument, the results obtained show significant variation in the quality assessment of the three European Fissure Sealant Guidelines. Future studies should be carried out both to develop quality dental CPGs and to investigate effective ways of adopting them. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

21 CFR 872.3765 - Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3765 Pit and fissure sealant and... depressions (faults in the enamel) in the biting surfaces of teeth to prevent cavities. (b) Classification...

21 CFR 872.3765 - Pit and fissure sealant and conditioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3765 Pit and fissure sealant and... depressions (faults in the enamel) in the biting surfaces of teeth to prevent cavities. (b) Classification...

Withstand pressure of a simple fibrin glue sealant: experimental study of mimicked sellar reconstruction in extended transsphenoidal surgery.

PubMed

Oshino, Satoru; Saitoh, Youichi; Yoshimine, Toshiki

2010-06-01

To examine the strength and tolerance of the fibrin glue sealant in a situation of extended transsphenoidal surgery. The withstand pressure of fibrin glue sealant was measured using a simple sellar reconstruction model. A 15-mm diameter hole at the bottom of a 51-cm high cylinder was covered with a Gore-Tex (Gore-Tex, Tokyo, Japan) sheet. A small plate was placed on the center for a brief fixation, and 3 mL of fibrin glue was applied over the entire bottom. Then water was gradually filled in five cylinders, and the water level at leakage was measured as withstand pressures at 10 minutes and 24 hours after sealant application. The stability of the sealant under pressures of 20 and 30 cm H(2)O for 12 hours was also examined. The median initial withstand pressure at 10 minutes was 32 cm H(2)O (n = 5), and was significantly increased to 47.5 cm H(2)O after 24 hours (n = 4). In four of five cylinders, fibrin glue sealants were stable against a pressure of 20 cm H(2)O for 12 hours and 30 cm H(2)O for the next 12 hours. The withstand pressure of simple fibrin glue sealant without other biological reactions could be estimated to be more than 20 cm H(2)O after application, and increased to more than 40 cm H(2)O after 24 hours. These data are practical for neurosurgeons to comprehend the strength and limit of fibrin glue sealant and suggests the importance to control the intracranial pressure to less than 20 cm H(2)O, especially for the first 12 to 24 hours. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interactions between F-111 Fuselage Fuel Tank Sealants. Part I. Characterisation of Polyester Sealants and their Hydrolytic Degradation Products,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

maleic acid , adipic acid , azelaic acid and suberic acid . To ensure complete esterification during the exhaustive degradation reactions, an...spectroscopic techniques. Major components were shown to be sebacic acid and neopentyl glycol. The most significant difference between the two polyester...and acid equivalent weights of the prepolymers, their hydrolysis products and hydrolysed cured sealants were determined to assess extent of degradation

A randomized prospective multicenter trial of a novel vascular sealant.

PubMed

Stone, William M; Cull, David L; Money, Samuel R

2012-11-01

Increasing use of anticoagulant medications, particularly antiplatelet therapies, can increase the difficulty in obtaining adequate suture line hemostasis. Multiple vascular sealants have been used as adjuncts to surgical procedures, but none of them have been universally successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new prophylactic vascular sealant in arterial surgery. A randomized prospective multi-institutional trial was undertaken comparing ArterX Vascular Sealant (AVS) with Gelfoam Plus during open arterial reconstruction. Three hundred thirty-one anastomotic sites in 217 patients were randomized. One hundred one of 167 (60.5%) anastomotic sites in the AVS group achieved immediate hemostasis compared with 65 of 164 (39.6%) in the control group (P = 0.001). In anastomoses with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, 105 of 167 (62.5%) in the AVS group achieved immediate hemostasis compared with 56 of 164 (34.0%) in the control group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in morbidity or mortality. Operative time was significantly less in the AVS group compared with the control group (3.2 vs. 3.8 hours, P < 0.01). Use of AVS results in superior hemostatic effectiveness compared with Gelfoam Plus, with no difference in safety. Although no cost analysis was performed, cost savings likely resulted from significantly decreased operative time. Copyright © 2012 Annals of Vascular Surgery Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A prospective randomized trial comparing homologous and autologous fibrin sealants for the control of alveolar air leak

PubMed Central

Erşen, Ezel; Demirkaya, Ahmet; Kara, H. Volkan; Alizade, Nurlan; İşcan, Mehlika; Kaynak, Kamil; Turna, Akif

2017-01-01

Background Postoperative air leak is a common complication seen after pulmonary resection. It is a significant reason of morbidity and also leads to greater hospital cost owing to prolonged length of stay. The purpose of this study is to compare homologous sealant with autologous one to prevent air leak following pulmonary resection. Methods A total of 57 patients aged between 20 and 79 (mean age: 54.36) who underwent pulmonary resection other than pneumonectomy (lobar or sublobar resections) were analyzed. There were 47 males (83%) and 10 females (17%). Patients who intraoperatively had air leaks were randomized to receive homologous (Tisseel; n=28) or autologous (Vivostat; n=29) fibrin sealant. Differences among groups in terms of air leak, prolonged air leak, hospital stay, amount of air leak were analyzed. Results Indications for surgery were primary lung cancer in 42 patients (71.9%), secondary malignancy in 5 patients (8.8%), and benign disease in 10 patients (17.5%). Lobectomy was performed in 40 patients (70.2%), whereas 17 patients (29.8%) had wedge resection. Thirteen (46.4%) patients developed complications in patients receiving homologous sealant while 11 (38.0%) patients had complication in autologous sealant group (P=0.711). Median duration of air leak was 3 days in two groups. Time to intercostal drain removal was 3.39 and 3.38 days in homologous and autologous sealant group respectively (P=0.978). Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days in patients receiving homologous sealant whereas it was 5.0 days in patients who had autologous agent (P=0.140). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of measured maximum air leak (P=0.823) and mean air leak (P=0.186). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups (P=0.711). Conclusions Autologous and heterologous fibrin sealants are safe and acts similarly in terms of air leak and hospital stay in patients who had resectional surgery. PMID:29221263

A prospective randomized trial comparing homologous and autologous fibrin sealants for the control of alveolar air leak.

PubMed

Kılıç, Burcu; Erşen, Ezel; Demirkaya, Ahmet; Kara, H Volkan; Alizade, Nurlan; İşcan, Mehlika; Kaynak, Kamil; Turna, Akif

2017-09-01

Postoperative air leak is a common complication seen after pulmonary resection. It is a significant reason of morbidity and also leads to greater hospital cost owing to prolonged length of stay. The purpose of this study is to compare homologous sealant with autologous one to prevent air leak following pulmonary resection. A total of 57 patients aged between 20 and 79 (mean age: 54.36) who underwent pulmonary resection other than pneumonectomy (lobar or sublobar resections) were analyzed. There were 47 males (83%) and 10 females (17%). Patients who intraoperatively had air leaks were randomized to receive homologous (Tisseel; n=28) or autologous (Vivostat; n=29) fibrin sealant. Differences among groups in terms of air leak, prolonged air leak, hospital stay, amount of air leak were analyzed. Indications for surgery were primary lung cancer in 42 patients (71.9%), secondary malignancy in 5 patients (8.8%), and benign disease in 10 patients (17.5%). Lobectomy was performed in 40 patients (70.2%), whereas 17 patients (29.8%) had wedge resection. Thirteen (46.4%) patients developed complications in patients receiving homologous sealant while 11 (38.0%) patients had complication in autologous sealant group (P=0.711). Median duration of air leak was 3 days in two groups. Time to intercostal drain removal was 3.39 and 3.38 days in homologous and autologous sealant group respectively (P=0.978). Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days in patients receiving homologous sealant whereas it was 5.0 days in patients who had autologous agent (P=0.140). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of measured maximum air leak (P=0.823) and mean air leak (P=0.186). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups (P=0.711). Autologous and heterologous fibrin sealants are safe and acts similarly in terms of air leak and hospital stay in patients who had resectional surgery.

An in vitro study of fibrin sealant as a carrier system for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-9 for bone tissue engineering.

PubMed

Fujioka-Kobayashi, Masako; Mottini, Matthias; Kobayashi, Eizaburo; Zhang, Yufeng; Schaller, Benoit; Miron, Richard J

2017-01-01

In the craniofacial bone field, fibrin sealants are used as coagulant and adhesive tools to stabilize grafts during surgery. Despite this, their exact role in osteogenesis is poorly characterized. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the osteogenic potential of TISSEEL fibrin sealant and used its technology to incorporate growth factors within its matrix. We focused on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-9, which has previously been characterized as one of the strongest osteogenetic inducers in the BMP family. TISSEEL displayed an excellent ability to retain rhBMP9, which was gradually released over a 10-day period. Although TISSEEL decreased bone stromal ST2 cell attachment at 8 h, it displayed normal cell proliferation at 1, 3, and 5 days when compared to tissue culture plastic. Interestingly, TISSEEL had little influence on osteoblast differentiation; however its combination with rhBMP9 significantly increased ALP activity at 7 days, Alizarin Red staining at 14 days, and mRNA levels of osteoblast differentiation markers ALP, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In summary, although fibrin sealants were shown to have little influence on osteogenesis, their combination with bone-inducing growth factors such as rhBMP9 may serve as an attractive carrier/scaffold for future bone regenerative strategies. Future animal studies are now necessary. Copyright © 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cryogenic adhesives and sealants: Abstracted publications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williamson, F. R.; Olien, N. A.

1977-01-01

Abstracts of primary documents containing original experimental data on the properties of adhesives and sealants at cryogenic temperatures are presented. The most important references mentioned in each document are cited. In addition, a brief annotation is given for documents considered secondary in nature, such as republications or variations of original reports, progress reports leading to final reports included as primary documents, and experimental data on adhesive properties at temperatures between about 130 K and room temperature.

Evaluating cyclic fatigue of sealants during outdoor testing

Treesearch

R. Sam Williams; Steven Lacher; Corey Halpin; Christopher White

2009-01-01

A computer-controlled test apparatus (CCTA) and other instrumentation for subjecting sealant specimens to cyclic fatigue during outdoor exposure was developed. The CCTA enables us to use weather-induced conditions to cyclic fatigue specimens and to conduct controlled tests in-situ during the outdoor exposure. Thermally induced dimensional changes of an aluminum bar...

Studies of new perfluoroether elastomeric sealants. [for aircraft fuel tanks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Basiulis, D. I.; Salisbury, D. P.

1981-01-01

Channel and filleting sealants were developed successfully from cyano and diamidoxime terminated perfluoro alkylene ether prepolymers. The prepolymers were polymerized, formulated and tested. The polymers and/or formulations therefrom were evaluated as to their physical, mechanical and chemical properties (i.e., specific gravity, hardness, nonvolatile content, corrosion resistance, stress corrosion, pressure rupture resistance, low temperature flexibility, gap sealing efficiency, tensile strength and elongation, dynamic mechanical behavior, compression set, fuel resistance, thermal properties and processability). Other applications of the formulated polymrs and incorporation of the basic prepolymers into other polymeric systems were investigated. A cyano terminated perfluoro alkylene oxide triazine was formulated and partially evaluated. The channel sealant in its present formulation has excellent pressure rupture resistance and surpasses present MIL specifications before and after fuel and heat aging.

Subclinical and clinical mastitis in heifers following the use of a teat sealant precalving.

PubMed

Parker, K I; Compton, C; Anniss, F M; Weir, A; Heuer, C; McDougall, S

2007-01-01

This study investigated the effect in heifers of infusion of a bismuth subnitrate teat-canal sealant and bacterial intramammary infection (IMI) precalving on prevalence of postcalving IMI and incidence of clinical mastitis in the first 2 wk postcalving. Glands (n = 1,020) from heifers (n = 255) in 5 seasonally calving, pasture-fed dairy herds were randomly assigned within heifer to 1 of 4 treatment groups (no treatment; mammary gland secretion collection; infusion of a teat sealant; or sample collection with infusion of teat sealant). Heifers within a herd were enrolled on one calendar day, 31 d on average before the planned start of the seasonal calving period. Duplicate milk samples were collected from each gland within 4 d after calving for bacterial culture. Herd owners collected duplicate milk samples, before treatment, for bacterial culture from glands they defined as having clinical mastitis. The gland prevalence of IMI precalving was 15.5% and did not differ between herds. Bacteria isolated precalving included coagulase-negative staphylococci (76.9% of all bacteriologically positive samples), Streptococcus uberis (14.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.1%), Corynebacterium spp. (3.8%), and others (0.1%). The presence of an IMI precalving increased the risk of an IMI postcalving 3.6-fold and the risk of clinical mastitis 4-fold, relative to no IMI precalving. Infusion of the teat sealant reduced the risk of postcalving IMI due to Strep. uberis by 84%, and of clinical mastitis by 68%. Sampling the glands precalving had no effect on postcalving IMI or on clinical mastitis incidence. Use of an internal teat canal sealant in heifers precalving may be a useful tool for reducing the risk of subclinical and clinical mastitis in heifers.

Collagen sealant patch to reduce lymphatic drainage after lymph node dissection.

PubMed

Di Monta, Gianluca; Caracò, Corrado; Crispo, Anna; Marone, Ugo; Mozzillo, Nicola

2012-12-19

Seroma formation is a frequent complication following radical lymph node dissection (RLND) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Several strategies have been used to prevent fluid accumulation and thereby reduce the duration of postoperative drainage, including fibrin sealants. This was a prospective, single-center study in which consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment of stage III metastatic melanoma by axillary or ilio-inguinal RLND were randomized to receive standard treatment plus fibrinogen/thrombin-coated collagen sealant patch (CSP) or standard treatment alone. The primary endpoint of the study was postoperative duration of drainage. A total of 70 patients underwent axillary (n = 47) or ilio-inguinal (n = 23) RLND and received CSP plus standard treatment (n = 37) or standard treatment alone (n = 33). Mean duration of drainage was significantly reduced in the CSP group compared with standard treatment (ITT analysis: 20.1 ± 5.1 versus 23.3 ± 5.1 days; p = 0.010). The percentage of patients drainage-free on day 21 was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the standard treatment group (86% versus 67%; p = 0.049). Use of the tissue sealant resulted in a significant reduction in duration of drainage. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results in different and selected types of lymphadenectomy.

Collagen sealant patch to reduce lymphatic drainage after lymph node dissection

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Seroma formation is a frequent complication following radical lymph node dissection (RLND) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Several strategies have been used to prevent fluid accumulation and thereby reduce the duration of postoperative drainage, including fibrin sealants. Methods This was a prospective, single-center study in which consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment of stage III metastatic melanoma by axillary or ilio-inguinal RLND were randomized to receive standard treatment plus fibrinogen/thrombin-coated collagen sealant patch (CSP) or standard treatment alone. The primary endpoint of the study was postoperative duration of drainage. Results A total of 70 patients underwent axillary (n = 47) or ilio-inguinal (n = 23) RLND and received CSP plus standard treatment (n = 37) or standard treatment alone (n = 33). Mean duration of drainage was significantly reduced in the CSP group compared with standard treatment (ITT analysis: 20.1 ± 5.1 versus 23.3 ± 5.1 days; p = 0.010). The percentage of patients drainage-free on day 21 was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the standard treatment group (86% versus 67%; p = 0.049). Conclusions Use of the tissue sealant resulted in a significant reduction in duration of drainage. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results in different and selected types of lymphadenectomy. PMID:23253298

Development of apparent viscosity test for hot-poured crack sealants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-11-01

Current crack sealant specifications focuses on utilizing simple empirical tests such as penetration, : resilience, flow, and bonding to cement concrete briquettes (ASTM D3405) to measure the ability of the material : to resist cohesive and adhesion ...

Effect of enamel sealants on tooth bleaching and on the color stability of the result.

PubMed

Corcodel, N; Hassel, A J; Sen, S; Saure, D; Rammelsberg, P; Lux, C J; Zingler, S

2017-04-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of enamel sealants on bleaching of natural teeth by use of 40 % hydrogen peroxide in a dental surgery. The color stability of the results from bleaching was, furthermore, determined 10 months after the bleaching procedure. In a standardized setting, four sealants (Pro Seal ® , Light Bond™ Sealant, Protecto ® , and Clinpro™ XT Varnish) were applied to and removed from human teeth in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural teeth served as medium; half of the teeth were sealed and the others served as controls. Hydrogen peroxide gel (40 %; Opalescence Boost; Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) was used as bleaching agent. Color measurement was performed with a spectroradiometer (Photoresearch PR670) before the bleaching process (T1) and 24 h (T2) and 10 months (T3) after bleaching. The spectroradiometer results were expressed by use of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color notation. The L*, a*, and b* values of the sealed and the unsealed surfaces were not significantly different at any time during the study (p > 0.05), irrespective of the sealant used. Ten months after the bleaching process, mean L*, a*, and b* values were lower than at 1-day post-bleaching; the mean value of ΔE between 1-day post-bleaching and 10 months post-bleaching was 2.46 (±3.1). The results of the study suggest that the effectiveness of professional tooth whitening is not appreciably affected by the application of the four sealants tested.

Long-Standing Motor and Sensory Recovery following Acute Fibrin Sealant Based Neonatal Sciatic Nerve Repair

PubMed Central

Ferreira Junior, Rui Seabra

2016-01-01

Brachial plexus lesion results in loss of motor and sensory function, being more harmful in the neonate. Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. Thus, P2 neonatal Lewis rats were divided into three groups: AX: sciatic nerve axotomy (SNA) without treatment; AX+FS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with fibrin sealant derived from snake venom; AX+CFS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with commercial fibrin sealant. Results were analyzed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after lesion. Astrogliosis, microglial reaction, and synapse preservation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. Sensory-motor recovery was behaviorally studied. Coaptation preserved synaptic covering on lesioned motoneurons and led to neuronal survival. Reactive gliosis and microglial reaction decreased in the same groups (AX+FS, AX+CFS) at 4 weeks. Regarding axonal regeneration, coaptation allowed recovery of greater number of myelinated fibers, with improved morphometric parameters. Preservation of inhibitory synaptic terminals was accompanied by significant improvement in the motor as well as in the nociceptive recovery. Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. PMID:27446617

Effect of occlusal calculus utilized as a potential "biological sealant" in special needs patients with gastric feeding tubes: a qualitative in vitro contrast to pit and fissure sealant restorations.

PubMed

Owens, Barry M; Sharp, Harry K; Fourmy, Emily E; Phebus, Jeffrey G

2016-01-01

The aim of this case report and in vitro investigation was to evaluate the marginal microleakage of intact occlusal calculus of primary molars extracted from a special needs patient who received nutrition via a gastric feeding tube. An adolescent with a history of developmental disturbance presented for routine dental care in a hospital facility. Prophylaxis was performed, and 2 mandibular permanent molars were restored. Five primary molars were extracted due to mobility and delayed retention. Heavy deposits of intact calculus were present on the occlusal surfaces of the primary teeth. The extracted teeth were immersed in methylene blue dye solution, invested in acrylic resin, sectioned into blocks, and photographed at 20× and 40× magnification. Previously photographed calculus-free molars with pit and fissure sealants were reviewed and served as contrasting "restorations." The occlusal calculus on the primary teeth extracted from the patient absorbed the dye, while the comparison teeth containing pit and fissure sealants exhibited varying degrees of marginal dye penetration (microleakage). No marginal microleakage was noted in the calculus specimens, indicating that this substrate may serve as a "natural" occlusal surface sealant and that its removal from occlusal surfaces during routine oral prophylaxis may be unnecessary.

Compliant sealants for solid oxide fuel cells and other ceramics

DOEpatents

Bloom, I.D.; Ley, K.L.

1995-09-26

A glass or glass-ceramic sealant is described for a SOFC having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of from about 8 to about 13{times}10{sup {minus}6}/C and a viscosity of at least 10{sup 3}Pa-s at cell operating temperature. The sealant has a composition of SrO present in the range of from about 5 to about 60 mole percent, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from 0 to about 45 mole percent, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 80 mole percent, and SiO{sub 2} present in the range of from 0 to about 40 mole percent, wherein the material is a viscous fluid at cell operating temperatures of from about 600 C to about 1000 C. The sealant may also be compounds of CaO present in the range of from 0 to about 35 mole percent, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from about 35 mole percent to about 85 mole percent, and SiO{sub 2} present in the range of from 0 to about 30 mole percent. 2 figs.

Compliant sealants for solid oxide fuel cells and other ceramics

DOEpatents

Bloom, Ira D.; Ley, Kevin L.

1995-01-01

A glass or glass-ceramic sealant for a SOFC having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of from about 8 to about 13.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. and a viscosity of at least 10.sup.3 Pa-s at cell operating temperature. The sealant has a composition of SrO present in the range of from about 5 to about 60 mole percent, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from 0 to about 45 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 80 mole percent, and SiO.sub.2 present in the range of from 0 to about 40 mole percent, wherein the material is a viscous fluid at cell operating temperatures of from about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. The sealant may also be compounds of CaO present in the range of from 0 to about 35 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from about 35 mole percent to about 85 mole percent, and SiO.sub.2 present in the range of from 0 to about 30 mole percent.

Fissure sealant materials: Wear resistance of flowable composite resins

PubMed Central

Asefi, Sohrab; Eskandarion, Solmaz; Hamidiaval, Shadi

2016-01-01

Background. Wear resistance of pit and fissure sealant materials can influence their retention. Wear characteristics of sealant materials may determine scheduling of check-up visits. The aim of this study was to compare wear resistance of two flowable composite resins with that of posterior composite resin materials. Methods. Thirty-five disk-shaped specimens were prepared in 5 groups, including two flowable composite resins (Estelite Flow Quick and Estelite Flow Quick High Flow), Filtek P90 and Filtek P60 and Tetric N-Ceram. The disk-shaped samples were prepared in 25-mm diameter by packing them into a two-piece aluminum mold and then light-cured. All the specimens were polished for 1minute using 600-grit sand paper. The samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 1 week and then worn by two-body abrasion test using "pin-on-disk" method (with distilled water under a 15-Nload at 0.05 m/s, for a distance of 100 meter with Steatite ceramic balls antagonists). A Profilometer was used for evaluating the surface wear. Data were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA. Results. Estelite Flow Quick exhibited 2708.9 ± 578.1 μm2 and Estelite Flow Quick High Flow exhibited 3206 ± 2445.1 μm2of wear but there were no significant differences between the groups. They demonstrated similar wear properties. Conclusion. Estelite flowable composite resins have wear resistance similar to nano- and micro-filled and micro-hybrid composite resins. Therefore, they can be recommended as pit and fissure sealant materials in the posterior region with appropriate mechanical characteristics. PMID:27651887

Fissure sealant materials: Wear resistance of flowable composite resins.

PubMed

Asefi, Sohrab; Eskandarion, Solmaz; Hamidiaval, Shadi

2016-01-01

Background. Wear resistance of pit and fissure sealant materials can influence their retention. Wear characteristics of sealant materials may determine scheduling of check-up visits. The aim of this study was to compare wear resistance of two flowable composite resins with that of posterior composite resin materials. Methods. Thirty-five disk-shaped specimens were prepared in 5 groups, including two flowable composite resins (Estelite Flow Quick and Estelite Flow Quick High Flow), Filtek P90 and Filtek P60 and Tetric N-Ceram. The disk-shaped samples were prepared in 25-mm diameter by packing them into a two-piece aluminum mold and then light-cured. All the specimens were polished for 1minute using 600-grit sand paper. The samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 1 week and then worn by two-body abrasion test using "pin-on-disk" method (with distilled water under a 15-Nload at 0.05 m/s, for a distance of 100 meter with Steatite ceramic balls antagonists). A Profilometer was used for evaluating the surface wear. Data were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA. Results. Estelite Flow Quick exhibited 2708.9 ± 578.1 μm(2) and Estelite Flow Quick High Flow exhibited 3206 ± 2445.1 μm(2)of wear but there were no significant differences between the groups. They demonstrated similar wear properties. Conclusion. Estelite flowable composite resins have wear resistance similar to nano- and micro-filled and micro-hybrid composite resins. Therefore, they can be recommended as pit and fissure sealant materials in the posterior region with appropriate mechanical characteristics.

Engaging Stakeholders in Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Regarding School-Based Sealant Programs.

PubMed

Chi, Donald L; Milgrom, Peter; Gillette, Jane

2018-02-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to describe the key lessons learned during the stakeholder engagement stage of planning a randomized clinical trial comparing outcomes of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as an alternative to pit-and-fissure sealants in a school-based delivery system. Methods: Eighteen caregivers and community-based stakeholders with involvement in the school-based sealant program Sealants for Smiles from the state of Montana, were recruited for this qualitative study. United States (U.S.) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) methodology standards were used to develop two semi-structured interview guides consisting of 6 questions. One interview guide was used for telephone interviews with caregivers and the second was used for a stakeholder focus group. Content analytic methods were used to analyze the data. Results: All participants believed that a study comparing SDF and sealants was clinically relevant. Non-caregiver stakeholders agreed with the proposed primary outcome of the study (caries prevention) whereas caregivers also emphasized the importance of child-centered outcomes such as minimizing dental anxiety associated with dental care. Stakeholders described potential concerns associated with SDF such as staining and perceptions of safety and discussed ways to address these concerns through community engagement, appropriate framing of the study, proper consent procedures, and ongoing safety monitoring during the trial. Finally, stakeholders suggested dissemination strategies such as direct communication of findings through professional organizations and encouraging insurance plans to incentivize SDF use by reimbursing dental providers. Conclusions: Involving key stakeholders in early planning is essential in developing patient-centered research questions, outcomes measures, study protocols, and dissemination plans for oral health research involving a school-based delivery system. Copyright © 2018

Efficacy of fibrin-sealants in reducing biliary leakage following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

PubMed

Parra-Membrives, Pablo; Martínez-Baena, Darío; Lorente-Herce, José Manuel; Martín-Balbuena, Ramón

2018-05-21

In spite of the acquired experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for choledocholithiasis management, there is still a risk of biliary leakage of 5% to 15% following choledochotomy closure. We evaluate the usefulness of fibrin-collagen sealants to reduce the incidence of biliary fistula after laparoscopic choledochorrhaphy. We report a retrospective analysis of 96 patients undergoing LCBDE from March 2009 to March 2017, whose closure of the bile duct was completed by antegrade stenting and choledochorraphy or by performing a primary suture. The study population was divided into two groups according to whether they received a collagen-fibrin sealant covering the choledochorrhaphy or not, analyzing the incidence of postoperative biliary fistula in each group. Thirty-nine patients (41%) received a fibrin-collagen sponge while the bile duct closure was not covered in the remaining 57 patients (59%). The incidence of biliary fistula was 7.7% (3 patients) in the first group and 14% (8 patients) in the second group (P=.338). In patients who underwent primary choledochorraphy, the fibrin-collagen sealant reduced the incidence of biliary leakage significantly (4.5% vs. 33%, P=.020), which was a protective factor with an odds ratio of 10.5. Fibrin-collagen sealants may decrease the incidence of biliary fistula in patients who have undergone primary bile duct closure following LCBDE. Copyright © 2018 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Clinical Evaluation of an Adhesive Sealant for Controlling Dental Caries in Naval Personnel: One-Year Results

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-20

safeguards were employed in that a voltage monitoring strip chart recorder was employed during sealant placement to ensure continuous delivery of...adequate voltage to the ultraviolet light source (Nuva- Lite)* used for sealant polymerization. Also, a new air compressor** with suitable...ment effect in young Naval personnel. 2. The very low occlusal attack rate for untreated control teeth 3. Dirks, O. B., Houwink, B. and Kwant , G. W

Influence of Delivery Method on Neuroprotection by Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy following Ventral Root Reimplantation with Fibrin Sealant

PubMed Central

Barbizan, Roberta; Castro, Mateus V.; Barraviera, Benedito; Ferreira, Rui S.; Oliveira, Alexandre L. R.

2014-01-01

The present work compared the local injection of mononuclear cells to the spinal cord lateral funiculus with the alternative approach of local delivery with fibrin sealant after ventral root avulsion (VRA) and reimplantation. For that, female adult Lewis rats were divided into the following groups: avulsion only, reimplantation with fibrin sealant; root repair with fibrin sealant associated with mononuclear cells; and repair with fibrin sealant and injected mononuclear cells. Cell therapy resulted in greater survival of spinal motoneurons up to four weeks post-surgery, especially when mononuclear cells were added to the fibrin glue. Injection of mononuclear cells to the lateral funiculus yield similar results to the reimplantation alone. Additionally, mononuclear cells added to the fibrin glue increased neurotrophic factor gene transcript levels in the spinal cord ventral horn. Regarding the motor recovery, evaluated by the functional peroneal index, as well as the paw print pressure, cell treated rats performed equally well as compared to reimplanted only animals, and significantly better than the avulsion only subjects. The results herein demonstrate that mononuclear cells therapy is neuroprotective by increasing levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Moreover, the use of fibrin sealant mononuclear cells delivery approach gave the best and more long lasting results. PMID:25157845

Influence of etching time and bonding strategies on the microshear bond strength of self- and light-cured pit-and-fissure sealants.

PubMed

Souza-Junior, Eduardo José; Borges, Boniek Castillo Dutra; Montes, Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende; Alonso, Roberta Caroline Bruschi; Ambrosano, Glaucia Maria Bovi; Sinhoreti, Mário Alexandre Coelho

2012-01-01

This study evaluated the impact of extended etching and bonding strategies on the microshear bond strength of three sealant materials. Two pit-and-fissure sealants [FluroShield, Dentsply (light-cured) and AlphaSeal, DFL (self-cured)] and one light-cured flowable composite resin (Permaflo, Ultradent) were evaluated according to different enamel etching times (15 s or 30 s) and bonding procedures (no adhesive application, application of primer/hydrophobic resin or hydrophobic resin only). Intact enamel blocks were obtained from bovine teeth and sealed via the tested protocols. After 24 h, the microshear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes were classified by stereomicroscopy. Data were submitted to a three-way ANOVA and to Tukey's test (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among the materials. Permaflo showed higher bond strength when etched for 30 s alone. Enamel overetching decreased the bond strength of the light-cured sealant. Primer/bond previous treatment improved bond performance for AlphaSeal. In conclusion, from the tested conditions, all sealant materials presented similar bond strength values in relation to bonding protocol and etching time. The flowable composite can be used as a pit-and-fissure sealant. The use of a three-step adhesive system was essential for the self-cured sealant application.

Sealing effectiveness of fissure sealant bonded with universal adhesive systems on saliva-contaminated and noncontaminated enamel.

PubMed

Memarpour, Mahtab; Shafiei, Fereshteh; Zarean, Mehran; Razmjoei, Faranak

2018-01-01

The effectiveness of sealants is dependent upon their adhesion to enamel surface. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a pit and fissure sealant used with a universal adhesive (etch-and-rinse vs. self-etch modes) when the site is contaminated with saliva. Adhesive properties were evaluated as microleakage and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characteristics. A total of 72 mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=12). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled resin fissure sealant (FS) material with or without saliva contamination. The groups included: 1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control), 2) phosphoric acid etching + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 3) phosphoric acid etching + saliva + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 4) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + FS,5) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + FS, and 6) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + Scotchbond Universal + FS. After thermocycling, the teeth were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscopy. Two samples from each group were also observed by SEM. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for a significance of p <0.05. There were significant differences among groups. Groups 1,2 and 4 showed the least microleakage, with no significant differences among groups. Saliva contamination led to increased microleakage and gap formation in SEM images in groups 3, 5 and 6. The fissure sealing ability of the universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes was similar to that of conventional acid etching. Saliva contamination had a negative effect on sealant adhesion to pretreated enamel. Key words: Pit and fissure sealant, Universal adhesive, Saliva.

Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines.

PubMed

Monse, Bella; Heinrich-Weltzien, Roswitha; Mulder, Jan; Holmgren, Christopher; van Palenstein Helderman, Wim H

2012-11-21

Occlusal surfaces of erupting and newly erupted permanent molars are particularly susceptible to caries.The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effect of a single application of 38% SDF with ART sealants and no treatment in preventing dentinal (D3) caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of school children who participated in a daily school-based toothbrushing program with fluoride toothpaste. The prospective community clinical trial in the Philippines was conducted over a period of 18 months and included 704 six- to eight-year-old school children in eight public elementary schools with a daily school-based fluoride toothpaste brushing program. Children were randomly assigned for SDF application or ART sealant treatment. Children from two of the eight schools did not receive SDF or ART sealant treatment and served as controls. SDF or ART sealant treatment was applied on sound occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars. Surfaces that were originally defined as sound at baseline but which changed to dentinal (D3) caries lesions were defined as surfaces with new caries (caries increment). Non-compliance to the daily toothbrushing program in three schools offered the opportunity to analyze the caries preventive effect of SDF and sealants separately in fluoride toothpaste brushing and in non-toothbrushing children. In the brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group was comparable with the non-treatment group but caries increment in the sealant group was lower than in the non-treatment group with a statistically significant lower hazard ratio of 0.12 (0.02-0.61). In the non-brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group and the sealant group was lower than the non-treatment group but the hazard ratio was only statistically significant for the sealant group (HR 0.33; 0.20-0.54). Caries increment was lower in toothbrushing children than in non-toothbrushing children. Hazard ratios reached statistical

Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Occlusal surfaces of erupting and newly erupted permanent molars are particularly susceptible to caries. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effect of a single application of 38% SDF with ART sealants and no treatment in preventing dentinal (D3) caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of school children who participated in a daily school-based toothbrushing program with fluoride toothpaste. Methods The prospective community clinical trial in the Philippines was conducted over a period of 18 months and included 704 six- to eight-year-old school children in eight public elementary schools with a daily school-based fluoride toothpaste brushing program. Children were randomly assigned for SDF application or ART sealant treatment. Children from two of the eight schools did not receive SDF or ART sealant treatment and served as controls. SDF or ART sealant treatment was applied on sound occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars. Surfaces that were originally defined as sound at baseline but which changed to dentinal (D3) caries lesions were defined as surfaces with new caries (caries increment). Non-compliance to the daily toothbrushing program in three schools offered the opportunity to analyze the caries preventive effect of SDF and sealants separately in fluoride toothpaste brushing and in non-toothbrushing children. Results In the brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group was comparable with the non-treatment group but caries increment in the sealant group was lower than in the non-treatment group with a statistically significant lower hazard ratio of 0.12 (0.02-0.61). In the non-brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group and the sealant group was lower than the non-treatment group but the hazard ratio was only statistically significant for the sealant group (HR 0.33; 0.20-0.54). Caries increment was lower in toothbrushing children than in non-toothbrushing children. Hazard

Dental Pit and Fissure Sealants: Implications for School Health Personnel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormack-Brown, K. R.; And Others

1989-01-01

To promote good personal hygiene practices in students, school health personnel must be informed about dental pit and fissure sealants and related programs. Adoption and maintenance of such programs may depend on the success of school health personnel in educating administrators and policymakers. (SM)

Application of a hydrogel ocular sealant to avoid recurrence of epithelial ingrowth after LASIK enhancement.

PubMed

Yesilirmak, Nilufer; Diakonis, Vasilios F; Battle, Juan F; Yoo, Sonia H

2015-04-01

To report a case of clinically significant epithelial ingrowth after LASIK that was successfully treated with a hydrogel ocular sealant in combination with flap lifting and scraping technique. Case report. A 56-year-old woman underwent LASIK and a LASIK enhancement procedure in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Six months after the enhancement, visually significant epithelial ingrowth developed in both of her eyes. The left eye was treated with flap lifting, scraping, and suturing, and the right eye was treated with a hydrogel ocular sealant in combination with flap lifting and scraping. No recurrence was evident during a 6-month follow-up period and visual acuity improved in both eyes. No adverse effects were noticed. Recurrent epithelial ingrowth may be successfully avoided with the intraoperative use of a hydrogel ocular sealant combined with flap lifting and scraping. This approach could be used as an alternative to LASIK flap suturing. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

Thermally resistant polymers for fuel tank sealants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Webster, J. A.

1973-01-01

Imide-linked perfluoroalkylene ether polymers, that were developed for the high temperature fuel tank sealant application, are discussed. Modifications of polymer structure and properties were realized through use of a new aromatic dianhydride intermediate containing an ether-linked perfluoroalkylene segment. Tests of thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stability, fuel resistance, and adhesion are discussed along with tensile strength and elongation results. Efforts to effect a low temperature condensation of amic acid prepolymer to form imide links inside are described.

Chylothorax after mediastinal ganglioneuroma resection treated with fibrin sealant patch: a case report

PubMed Central

Chiarelli, Marco; Achilli, Pietro; Guttadauro, Angelo; Vertemati, Giuseppe; Terragni, Sabina; De Simone, Matilde

2017-01-01

Chylothorax is a severe condition resulting from the accumulation of chyle into the pleural space. We report the treatment of postoperative chylothorax after resection of mediastinal ganglioneuroma in a 17-year-old boy. Since conservative measures were not effective, we performed direct ligation of lymphatic vessels and pleurodesis. At subsequent surgical re-exploration for persisting chylothorax, accurate inspection of pleural cavity revealed residual chyle leakage. Fibrin sealant patches (TachoSil®) were placed over the source of leak with complete resolution of chylous effusion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of postoperative chylothorax successfully treated by the use of a fibrin sealant patch. PMID:29221335

The effect of surface sealants with different filler content on microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations.

PubMed

Hepdeniz, Ozge Kam; Temel, Ugur Burak; Ugurlu, Muhittin; Koskan, Ozgur

2016-01-01

Microleakage is still one of the most cited reasons for failure of resin composite restorations. Alternative methods to prevent microleakage have been investigated increasingly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations with or without application of surface sealants with different filler content. Ninety-six cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces with the coronal margins located in enamel and the cervical margins located in dentin. The cavities restored with an adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) and resin composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 h and separated into four groups according to the surface sealants (Control, Fortify, Fortify Plus, and G-Coat Plus). The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5-55° C), immersed in basic fuchsine, sectioned, and analyzed for dye penetration using stereomicroscope. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-Dunn test. The results of the study indicated that there was minimum leakage at the enamel margins of all groups. Bonferroni-Dunn tests revealed that Fortify and GC-Coat groups showed significantly less leakage than the Control group and the Fortify Plus group at dentin margins in lingual surfaces (P < 0.05). The all surface sealants used in this study eliminated microleakage at enamel margins. Moreover, unfilled or nanofilled surface sealants were the most effective in decreasing the degree of marginal microleakage at dentin margins. However, viscosity and penetrability of the sealants could be considered for sealing ability besides composition.

In-vivo durability of a fluoride-releasing sealant (OpalSeal) for protection against white-spot lesion formation in orthodontic patients.

PubMed

Knösel, Michael; Ellenberger, David; Göldner, Yvonne; Sandoval, Paulo; Wiechmann, Dirk

2015-04-15

Sealant application during fixed appliances orthodontic treatment for enamel protection is common, however, reliable data on its durability in vivo are rare. This study aims at assessing the durability of a sealant (OpalSeal, Ultradent) for protection against white-spot lesion formation in orthodontic patients over 26 weeks in vivo, taking into account the provision or absence of an adequate oral hygiene. We tested the null hypothesis of (1) no significant abatement of the sealant after 26 weeks in fixed orthodontic treatment compared to baseline, and (2) no significant influence of the factor of brushing and oral hygiene (as screened by approximal plaque index, API) on the abatement of the sealant. Integrity and abatement of OpalSeal applicated directly following bracketing was assessed in thirty-six consecutive patients (n(teeth) = 796) undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (male/female 12/24; mean age/SD 14.4/1.33 Y). Assessment of the fluorescing sealant preservation was by a black-light lamp, using a classification that was concepted in analogy to the ARI index: (3, sealant completely preserved; 2= > 50% preserved; 1 = <50%; 0 = no sealant observable) immediately following application (Baseline, T0), after 2 (T1), 8 (T2), 14 (T3), 20 (T4) and 26 weeks (T5). API was assessed at T0 and T1. Statistical analysis was by non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA (α = 5%, power >80%). At baseline, 43.4% of teeth had a positive API. Oral hygiene deteriorated after bracketing (T1, 53%) significantly. Null hypothesis (1) was rejected, while (2) was accepted: Mean values of both the well brushed and non-brushed anterior teeth undercut the score "1" at T3 (week 14). Despite a slightly better preservation of the sealer before and after T3 in not-sufficiently brushed (API-positive) teeth, this finding was statistically not significant. One single application of OpalSeal is unlikely to last throughout the entire fixed appliance treatment

Evaluation of School-Based Dental Sealant Programs: An Updated Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.

PubMed

Griffin, Susan O; Naavaal, Shillpa; Scherrer, Christina; Patel, Mona; Chattopadhyay, Sajal

2017-03-01

A recently updated Community Guide systematic review of the effectiveness of school sealant programs (SSPs) still found strong evidence that SSPs reduced dental caries among schoolchildren. This follow-up systematic review updates SSP cost and benefit information from the original 2002 review. Using Community Guide economic review methods, the authors searched the literature from January 2000 to November 20, 2014. The final body of evidence included 14 studies-ten from the current search and four with cost information from the 2002 review. Nine studies had information on SSP costs; six on sealant benefit (averted treatment costs and productivity losses); four on SSP net cost (cost minus benefit); and three on net cost to Medicaid of clinically delivered sealants. The authors imputed productivity losses and discounted costs/outcomes when this information was missing. The analysis, conducted in 2015, reported all values in 2014 U.S. dollars. The median one-time SSP cost per tooth sealed was $11.64. Labor accounted for two thirds of costs, and time to provide sealants was a major cost driver. The median annual economic benefit was $6.29, suggesting that over 4 years the SSP benefit ($23.37 at a 3% discount rate) would exceed costs by $11.73 per sealed tooth. In addition, two of four economic models and all three analyses of Medicaid claims data found that SSP benefit to society exceeded SSP cost. Recent evidence indicates the benefits of SSPs exceed their costs when SSPs target schools attended by a large number of high-risk children. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Abrasion Plus Local Fibrin Sealant Instillation Produces Pleurodesis Similar to Pleurectomy in Rabbits.

PubMed

Marchi, Evaldo; de Carvalho, Marcus V H; Ventureli, Tiago R; Fruchi, Andre J; Lazaro, Ariane; do Carmo, Deborah C; Barreto, Thayssa Y A S; Dias, Bruno V B; Acencio, Milena M P; Teixeira, Lisete R; Light, Richard W

2016-09-01

Pleurodesis performed either by pleurectomy or pleural abrasion is recommended in the approach to primary spontaneous pneumothorax to avoid recurrence. However, the efficacy of parietal pleural abrasion in producing pleurodesis is questioned. This study aims to determine the efficacy of apical abrasion alone, abrasion plus fibrin sealant application, and pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in rabbits. Rabbits were subjected to video-assisted thoracic surgery alone (control) or to video-assisted thoracic surgery with apical gauze abrasion, abrasion plus fibrin sealant instillation, or apical pleurectomy. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and 48 h and 28 days postoperatively to measure total leukocytes (white blood cell count), neutrophil counts, and serum interleukin (IL)-8 levels. After 28 days the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic evaluation of the degree of apical pleurodesis and microscopic evaluation of local pleural fibrosis and collagen deposition. White blood cell and neutrophil counts were similar in all groups, whereas the serum IL-8 level peaked at 48 h in all groups and decreased after 28 days, except in the pleurectomy group. After 28 days the abrasion plus fibrin sealant and pleurectomy groups had significantly more pleural adhesions, pleural fibrosis, and collagen deposition than the abrasion alone group, mainly due to thick mature fibers. Abrasion with local fibrin sealant instillation is as effective as pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in rabbits. Apical pleurectomy elicits a more persistent elevation of serum IL-8 levels than apical abrasion alone or abrasion plus fibrin adhesive instillation. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fibrin sealant for mesh fixation in laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair: 1-year results of a randomized controlled double-blinded study.

PubMed

Eriksen, J R; Bisgaard, T; Assaadzadeh, S; Jorgensen, L N; Rosenberg, J

2013-08-01

Fibrin sealant for mesh fixation has significant positive effects on early outcome after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) compared with titanium tacks. Whether fibrin sealant fixation also results in better long-term outcome is unknown. We performed a randomized controlled trial including patients with umbilical hernia defects from 1.5 to 5 cm at three Danish hernia centres. We used a 12 cm circular mesh. Participants were randomized to fibrin sealant or titanium tack fixation. Patients were seen in the outpatient clinic at 1 and 12 months follow-up. Forty patients were included of whom 34 were available for intention to treat analysis after 1 year. There were no significant differences in pain, discomfort, fatigue, satisfaction or quality of life between the two groups at the 1-year follow-up. Five patients (26 %) in the fibrin sealant group and one (6 %) in the tack group were diagnosed with a recurrence at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.182) (overall recurrence rate 17 %). Hernia defects in patients with recurrence were significantly larger than in those without recurrence (median 4.0 vs. 2.8 cm, p = 0.009). Patients with larger hernia defects and fibrin sealant mesh fixation had higher recurrence rates than expected, although the study was not powered for assessment of recurrence. There was no significant difference between groups in any parameters after the 1-year follow-up. The beneficial effects of mesh fixation with fibrin sealant on early outcome warrant further studies on optimization of the surgical technique to prevent recurrence.

A fibrin sealant for perforated and preperforated corneal ulcers.

PubMed Central

Lagoutte, F M; Gauthier, L; Comte, P R

1989-01-01

Fibrin sealant is used to close perforated or preperforated corneal ulcers. In addition to the usual advantages of cyanoacrylates it is degraded physiologically and provides a good support for corneal healing. Corneal grafting can be avoided when contraindicated or postponed when conditions allow. This technique has been successful in nine eyes of eight patients. Images PMID:2804032

Direct Spinal Ventral Root Repair following Avulsion: Effectiveness of a New Heterologous Fibrin Sealant on Motoneuron Survival and Regeneration

PubMed Central

Barbizan, Roberta; Seabra Ferreira, Rui

2016-01-01

Axonal injuries at the interface between central and peripheral nervous system, such as ventral root avulsion (VRA), induce important degenerative processes, mostly resulting in neuronal and motor function loss. In the present work, we have compared two different fibrin sealants, one derived from human blood and another derived from animal blood and Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, as a promising treatment for this type of injury. Lewis rats were submitted to VRA (L4–L6) and had the avulsed roots reimplanted to the surface of the spinal cord, with the aid of fibrin sealant. The spinal cords were processed to evaluate neuronal survival, synaptic stability, and glial reactivity, 4 and 12 weeks after lesion. Sciatic nerves were processed to investigate Schwann cell activity by p75NTR expression (4 weeks after surgery) and to count myelinated axons and morphometric evaluation (12 weeks after surgery). Walking track test was used to evaluate gait recovery, up to 12 weeks. The results indicate that both fibrin sealants are similarly efficient. However, the snake-derived fibrin glue is a potentially safer alternative for being a biological and biodegradable product which does not contain human blood derivatives. Therefore, the venom glue can be a useful tool for the scientific community due to its advantages and variety of applications. PMID:27642524

Use of a sealant to prevent prolonged air leaks after lung resection: a prospective randomized study.

PubMed

Lequaglie, Cosimo; Giudice, Gabriella; Marasco, Rita; Morte, Aniello Della; Gallo, Massimiliano

2012-10-08

Pulmonary air leaks are common complications of lung resection and result in prolonged hospital stays and increased costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether, compared with standard care, the use of a synthetic polyethylene glycol matrix (CoSeal®) could reduce air leaks detected by means of a digital chest drain system (DigiVent™), in patients undergoing lung resection (sutures and/or staples alone). Patients who intraoperatively showed moderate or severe air leaks (evaluated by water submersion tests) were intraoperatively randomized to receive just sutures/staples (control group) or sutures/staples plus CoSeal® (sealant group). Differences among the groups in terms of air leaks, prolonged air leaks, time to chest tube removal, length of hospital stay and related costs were assessed. In total, 216 lung resection patients completed the study. Nineteen patients (18.1%) in the control group and 12 (10.8%) patients in the sealant group experienced postoperative air leaks, while a prolonged air leak was recorded in 11.4% (n=12) of patients in the control group and 2.7% (n=3) of patients in the sealant group. The difference in the incidence of air leaks and prolonged air leaks between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.0002 and p=0.0013). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the sealant group (4 days) than the control group (8 days) (p=0.0001). We also observed lower costs in the sealant group than the control group. The use of CoSeal® may decrease the occurrence and severity of postoperative air leaks after lung resection and is associated with shorter hospital stay. Not registered. The trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the IRCCS-CROB Basilicata Regional Cancer Institute, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.

Sealing effectiveness of fissure sealant bonded with universal adhesive systems on saliva-contaminated and noncontaminated enamel

PubMed Central

Shafiei, Fereshteh; Zarean, Mehran; Razmjoei, Faranak

2018-01-01

Background The effectiveness of sealants is dependent upon their adhesion to enamel surface. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a pit and fissure sealant used with a universal adhesive (etch-and-rinse vs. self-etch modes) when the site is contaminated with saliva. Adhesive properties were evaluated as microleakage and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characteristics. Material and Methods A total of 72 mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=12). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled resin fissure sealant (FS) material with or without saliva contamination. The groups included: 1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control), 2) phosphoric acid etching + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 3) phosphoric acid etching + saliva + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 4) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + FS,5) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + FS, and 6) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + Scotchbond Universal + FS. After thermocycling, the teeth were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscopy. Two samples from each group were also observed by SEM. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for a significance of p<0.05. Results There were significant differences among groups. Groups 1,2 and 4 showed the least microleakage, with no significant differences among groups. Saliva contamination led to increased microleakage and gap formation in SEM images in groups 3, 5 and 6. Conclusions The fissure sealing ability of the universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes was similar to that of conventional acid etching. Saliva contamination had a negative effect on sealant adhesion to pretreated enamel. Key words:Pit and fissure sealant, Universal adhesive, Saliva. PMID:29670708

Evaluation of different types of enamel conditioning before application of a fissure sealant.

PubMed

Ciucchi, Philip; Neuhaus, Klaus W; Emerich, Marta; Peutzfeldt, Anne; Lussi, Adrian

2015-01-01

The aim of the study was to compare fissure sealant quality after mechanical conditioning of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser or air abrasion prior to chemical conditioning of phosphoric acid etching or of a self-etch adhesive. Twenty-five permanent molars were initially divided into three groups: control group (n = 5), phosphoric acid etching; test group 1 (n = 10), air abrasion; and test group 2, (n = 10) Er:YAG laser. After mechanical conditioning, the test group teeth were sectioned buccolingually and the occlusal surface of one half tooth (equal to one sample) was acid etched, while a self-etch adhesive was applied on the other half. The fissure system of each sample was sealed, thermo-cycled and immersed in 5% methylene dye for 24 h. Each sample was sectioned buccolingually, and one slice was analysed microscopically. Using specialized software microleakage, unfilled margin, sealant failure and unfilled area proportions were calculated. A nonparametric ANOVA model was applied to compare the Er:YAG treatment with that of air abrasion and the self-etch adhesive with phosphoric acid (α = 0.05). Test groups were compared to the control group using Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α = 0.05). The control group displayed significantly lower microleakage but higher unfilled area proportions than the Er:YAG laser + self-etch adhesive group and displayed significantly higher unfilled margin and unfilled area proportions than the air-abrasion + self-etch adhesive group. There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of sealants applied in fissures treated with either Er:YAG laser or air abrasion prior to phosphoric acid etching, nor in the quality of sealants applied in fissures treated with either self-etch adhesive or phosphoric acid following Er:YAG or air-abrasion treatment.

Usefulness of hemostatic sealants for minimizing ovarian damage during laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriosis.

PubMed

Choi, Chahien; Kim, Woo Young; Lee, Dong Hee; Lee, San Hui

2018-03-01

We aimed to evaluate the impact of topical hemostatic sealants and bipolar coagulation during laparoscopic ovarian endometriotic cyst resection on ovarian reserve by comparing the rates of decrease in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). A randomized prospective data collection was made on women aged 19-45 years who planned to have laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy at one of two institutions (n = 80), Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea or National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea, from January 2014 to April 2016. Patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with either a topical hemostatic sealant or bipolar coagulation for hemostasis. The hemostatic group was randomized to the FloSeal or TachoSil subgroups. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative AMH levels were checked and the rates of decrease of AMH were compared. All patients enrolled were treated with dienogest (Visanne) for 6-12 months. None were lost to follow-up at postoperative 3 months, but about one-third of the patients had been lost to follow-up by 6-12 months. AMH was significantly decreased in both groups 3 months postoperatively; however, the rate of decrease in the bipolar coagulation group was greater than that in the hemostatic sealant group, 41.9% (interquartile range [IQR], 22.29-65.24) versus 18.1% (IQR, 10.94-29.90), P = 0.007. Between the two hemostatic subgroups, there was no significant difference in AMH decrease rate, 14.95% (IQR, 11.34-21.21) versus 18.1% (IQR 9.76-40.70), P = 0.204. Hemostatic sealants may be an alternative to bipolar coagulation for preservation of ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis. © 2017 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Is fibrin sealant effective and safe in total knee arthroplasty? A meta-analysis of randomized trials

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant in patients following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A comprehensive literature search of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was undertaken. The evidence base was critically appraised using a tool from the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. Eight RCTs involving 641 patients were included. The use of fibrin sealant significantly reduced postoperative drainage (weighted mean difference (WMD) −346, 95% confidence interval (CI) −496.29 to −197.54, P < 0.00001) and blood transfusions (risk ratio (RR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.63, P < 0.00001) and led to a significant improvement in the range of motion (WMD 16.59, 95% CI 6.92 to 26.25, P = 0.0008). However, using fibrin sealant did not significantly reduced total blood loss (WMD −305.25, 95% CI −679.44 to 68.95, P = 0.11). Regarding complications, there were no significant differences in any adverse events, fever, infection, or hematoma among the study groups. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis indicates that the use of fibrin sealant was effective and safe as a hemostatic therapy for patients with TKA. PMID:24884626

Prospective evaluation of biodegradable polymeric sealant for intraoperative air leaks.

PubMed

Park, Bernard J; Snider, John M; Bates, Nathan R; Cassivi, Stephen D; Jett, G Kimble; Sonett, Joshua R; Toloza, Eric M

2016-12-12

A biodegradable polymeric sealant has been previously shown to reduce postoperative air leaks after open pulmonary resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy during minimally invasive pulmonary resection. In a multicenter prospective single-arm trial, 112 patients with a median age of 69 years (range 34-87 years) were treated with sealant for at least one intraoperative air leak after standard methods of repair (sutures, staples or cautery) following minimally invasive pulmonary resection (Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) or Robotic-Assisted). Patients were followed in hospital and 1 month after surgery for procedure-related and device-related complications and presence of air leak. Forty patients had VATS and 72 patients had Robotic-Assisted procedures with the majority (80/112, 71%) undergoing anatomic resection (61 lobectomy, 13 segmentectomy, 6 bilobectomy). There were no device-related adverse events. The overall morbidity rate was 41% (46/112), with major complications occurring in 16.1% (18/112). In-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were 1.9% (2/103). The majority of intraoperative air leaks (107/133, 81%) were sealed after sealant application, and an additional 16% (21/133) were considered reduced. Forty-nine percent of patients (55/112) were free of air leak throughout the entire postoperative study period. Median chest tube duration was 2 days (range 1 - 46 days), and median length of hospitalization was 3 days (range 1 - 20 days). This study demonstrated that use of a biodegradable polymer for closure of intraoperative air leaks as an adjunct to standard methods is safe and effective following minimally invasive pulmonary resection. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01867658 . Registered 3 May 2013.

The effect of surface sealants with different filler content on microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations

PubMed Central

Hepdeniz, Ozge Kam; Temel, Ugur Burak; Ugurlu, Muhittin; Koskan, Ozgur

2016-01-01

Objective: Microleakage is still one of the most cited reasons for failure of resin composite restorations. Alternative methods to prevent microleakage have been investigated increasingly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations with or without application of surface sealants with different filler content. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces with the coronal margins located in enamel and the cervical margins located in dentin. The cavities restored with an adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) and resin composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 h and separated into four groups according to the surface sealants (Control, Fortify, Fortify Plus, and G-Coat Plus). The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5–55° C), immersed in basic fuchsine, sectioned, and analyzed for dye penetration using stereomicroscope. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni–Dunn test. Results: The results of the study indicated that there was minimum leakage at the enamel margins of all groups. Bonferroni–Dunn tests revealed that Fortify and GC-Coat groups showed significantly less leakage than the Control group and the Fortify Plus group at dentin margins in lingual surfaces (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The all surface sealants used in this study eliminated microleakage at enamel margins. Moreover, unfilled or nanofilled surface sealants were the most effective in decreasing the degree of marginal microleakage at dentin margins. However, viscosity and penetrability of the sealants could be considered for sealing ability besides composition. PMID:27095890

Dystrophic heart failure blocked by membrane sealant poloxamer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yasuda, Soichiro; Townsend, Dewayne; Michele, Daniel E.; Favre, Elizabeth G.; Day, Sharlene M.; Metzger, Joseph M.

2005-08-01

Dystrophin deficiency causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in humans, an inherited and progressive disease of striated muscle deterioration that frequently involves pronounced cardiomyopathy. Heart failure is the second leading cause of fatalities in DMD. Progress towards defining the molecular basis of disease in DMD has mostly come from studies on skeletal muscle, with comparatively little attention directed to cardiac muscle. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in cardiac myocytes may differ significantly from skeletal myofibres; this is underscored by the presence of significant cardiac disease in patients with truncated or reduced levels of dystrophin but without skeletal muscle disease. Here we show that intact, isolated dystrophin-deficient cardiac myocytes have reduced compliance and increased susceptibility to stretch-mediated calcium overload, leading to cell contracture and death, and that application of the membrane sealant poloxamer 188 corrects these defects in vitro. In vivo administration of poloxamer 188 to dystrophic mice instantly improved ventricular geometry and blocked the development of acute cardiac failure during a dobutamine-mediated stress protocol. Once issues relating to optimal dosing and long-term effects of poloxamer 188 in humans have been resolved, chemical-based membrane sealants could represent a new therapeutic approach for preventing or reversing the progression of cardiomyopathy and heart failure in muscular dystrophy.

Efficacy of quilting sutures and fibrin sealant together for prevention of seroma in extended latissimus dorsi flap donor sites.

PubMed

Shin, In Soo; Lee, Dong Won; Lew, Dae Hyun

2012-09-01

The extended latissimus dorsi flap is important for breast reconstruction. Unfortunately, donor site seroma is the most common complication of extended latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. Although using fibrin sealant in the donor site reduces the rate of seroma formation, donor site seroma remains a troublesome complication. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of quilting sutures and fibrin sealant in the latissimus dorsi donor site for the prevention of seroma. Forty-six patients who underwent breast reconstruction with extended latissimus flap were enrolled in the study. The patients received either fibrin sealant (group 1, n=25) or a combination of fibrin sealant and quilting sutures (group 2, n=21) in the extended latissimus dorsi donor site. Outcome measures were obtained from the incidence, volume of postoperative seroma, total drainage amount, indwelling period of drainage, and duration of hospital stay. The incidence of seroma was 76% in group 1 and 42.9% in group 2 (P=0.022). We also found significant reductions in seroma volume (P=0.043), total drainage amount (P=0.002), indwelling period of drainage (P=0.01), and frequency of aspiration (P=0.043). The quilting sutures did not affect the rate of drainage, tube reinsertion, or hospital stay. The use of quilting sutures combined with fibrin sealant on the latissimus dorsi flap donor site is helpful for reducing the overall seroma volume, frequency of aspiration, and total drainage amount.

Development of a Novel Alginate-Based Pleural Sealant

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

and will be the subject of ongoing studies . Figure 20: Experimental set-up for endobronchial administration of sealants in the ex vivo pig lung...toxicity. In the studies to date, we have done extensive materials characterization not just of modified alginates but now a number of other biologic...pig) ex vivo lung models and have performed initial in vivo evaluations of several compounds in a non-survival surgery rat lung injury model. The

Evaluation of the remineralization potential of amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride containing pit and fissure sealants using scanning electron microscopy.

PubMed

Choudhary, Prashant; Tandon, Shobha; Ganesh, M; Mehra, Anshul

2012-01-01

To evaluate the remineralization potential of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) and Fluoride containing pit and Fissure Sealants using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Thirty maxillary first premolars were divided into three groups of ten each and were randomly selected for ACP containing (Aegis- Opaque White, Bosworth Co. Ltd.), Fluoride containing (Teethmate F1 Natural Clear, Kuraray Co. Ltd.), resin based (Concise- Opaque White, 3M ESPE Co. Ltd.) pit and fissure sealant applications. The Concise group served as a control. The teeth weresubjected to the pH-cycling regimen for a period of two weeks. After two weeks, the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually into 4mm sections and were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope at 50X, 250X, 500X, 1000X and 1500X magnifications. The qualitative changes at the tooth surface and sealant interface were examined and presence of white zone at the interface was considered positive for remineralization. Both ACP containing (Aegis) and Fluoride containing (Teethmate F1) group showed white zone at the tooth surface-sealant interface. The resin based group (Concise) showed regular interface between the sealant and the tooth structure, but no clear cut white zone was observed. Both, Aegis and Teethmate F1 have the potential to remineralize. Release of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate molecules in Aegis group and formation of Fluoroapetite in Teethmate F1 group, were probably responsible for the remineralization.

Microhardness evaluation of enamel adjacent to an improved GIC sealant after different enamel pre-treatment procedures.

PubMed

Haznedaroglu, E; Sozkes, S; Mentes, A R

2014-12-01

This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the microhardness of enamel adjacent to a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with high fluoride content used as a sealant (Fuji Triage, GC Corp., Japan) after laser, bur or air abrasion treatment procedures. 200 freshly extracted non-carious human molars were divided into 10 experimental groups according to the enamel pre-treatment method: A air abrasion (Mach 4.1 Kreativ Inc., USA); AP, Air abrasion + conditioning with 20% polyacrylic acid (GC cavity conditioner); L, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application (Waterlase, Biolase Technology, Inc., San Clemente, USA); LP, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application and fissure conditioning; B, ameloplasty carried out with a diamond bur especially designed for preparing fissures (Komet #8833); BP, ameloplasty + fissure conditioning; P, application of 20% polyacrylic acid and all fissures sealed with GIC; C, no fissure treatment, the material was applied directly to the fissures (control); R, application of 37% orthophosphoric acid and fissures sealed with a resin-based sealant (Fissurit; Voco, Germany) (control); N, no treatment (control). Half of each group of teeth were left in artificial saliva for one month and the rest for three months. The teeth were then sectioned and microhardness was measured using a Vickers test apparatus. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Dunn's multiple comparison tests were carried out (5% significance). After one month results regarding hardness at the base and lateral walls of fissures were significantly higher in groups A, AP, L, LP, B, BP, P and C than in groups R and N (p<0.01), but no difference was seen between the treatment procedures. The results after three months produced similar findings with evenly increased values for all groups. The results of this study showed that the tested GIC with a higher fluoride content seemed to improve the enamel hardness of the fissure enamel and could be regarded as an alternative material in cases where resin sealant applications

Wear of two pit and fissure sealants in contact with primary teeth

PubMed Central

Galo, Rodrigo; Contente, Marta Maria Martins Giamatei; Borsatto, Maria Cristina

2014-01-01

Objectives: Wear simulations may provide an indication of the clinical performance of pit-and-fissure sealants when associated with primary teeth as counterbody, restricting the involved variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate wear of dental materials used as pit-and-fissure sealants in contact with primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A resinous sealant (Fluroshield®) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer®) were selected in a post-plate design, using as counterbody primary tooth pins (4 × 4 × 2 mm) at 3 and 10 N vertical load, 1 Hz frequency, 900 wear cycles in artificial saliva (n = 15). Attrition coefficient values were obtained and the material and primary tooth volumes were analyzed. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's test (P < 0.05). Results: Fluroshield® presented the highest attrition coefficient values for the 3 N but these values decreased significantly for the 10 N load. The means for volume loss (3 mm) of the different samples after the wear test were not statistically different for the materials. The volume loss values for the primary teeth were statistically different and there was an increase in volume loss with the increase of the load applied in the wear tests. Conclusions: Differences were also observed with regard to the surface deformation characteristics. The wear rates of primary tooth enamel vary according to the type of material and the load applied during mastication. PMID:24966777

Chemically bonded phosphate ceramic sealant formulations for oil field applications

DOEpatents

Wagh, Arun S [Naperville, IL; Jeong, Seung-Young [Taejon, KR; McDaniel, Richard [Crest Hill, IL

2008-10-21

A sealant for an oil or geothermal well capable of setting within about 3 to about 6 hours at temperatures less than about 250.degree. F. for shallow wells less than about 10,000 feet and deep wells greater than about 10,000 feet having MgO present in the range of from about 9.9 to about 14.5%, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 present in the range of from about 29.7 to about 27.2%, class C fly ash present in the range of from about 19.8 to about 36.3%, class F fly ash present in the range of from about 19.8 to about 0%, boric acid or borax present in the range of from about 0.39 to about 1.45%, and water present in the range of from about 20.3 to about 21.86% by weight of the sealant.A method of sealing wells is disclosed as are compositions for very high temperature wells is disclosed as is a composition for treating oil field wastes.

Social Marketing Risk-Framing Approaches for Dental Sealants in Rural American Indian Children

PubMed Central

Champine, Dorothy; Hoyt, Dee; Lin, Lillian; Salois, Emily; Silvas, Sharon; Tail, Terri Weasel; Williams, Matthew

2015-01-01

Objective To compare three variants of a culturally-relevant and theoretically-based message to determine the most influential risk framing approach for improving intention to place dental sealants for preschool children. Design and Sample A convenience sample of adult, American Indian participants (n = 89) attending a community health fair were assigned to view a gain-framed, loss-framed, or mix-framed dental sealant message. Measurements We compared participant's scores on a 46-item survey to determine the relative effect of the frame assignment on seven indices of behavior change. Results The mean difference in participant's stage-of-change scores (x = 1.17, n = 89, sd = 1.90) demonstrated a significant improvement for all groups after watching the dental sealant message t(88) = 5.81, p < .0001, 95% CI [0.77 – 1.57]. Self-efficacy was the only construct for which we detected a statistically significant difference as a function of frame assignment. Overall, the mix-framed message resulted in the highest scores. The gain-framed message was the least influential on four constructs. This finding is in contrast to findings that gain-framed oral health messages are most influential (Gallagher & Updegraff, 2012; O'Keefe & Jensen, 2007). Conclusions Community advisory board members determined to use the mix-framed approach in an oral-health social marketing campaign with a rural, American Indian audience. PMID:26032902

Social Marketing Risk-Framing Approaches for Dental Sealants in Rural American Indian Children.

PubMed

Larsson, Laura S; Champine, Dorothy; Hoyt, Dee; Lin, Lillian; Salois, Emily; Silvas, Sharon; Tail, Terri Weasel; Williams, Matthew

2015-01-01

To compare three variants of a culturally relevant and theoretically based message to determine the most influential risk-framing approach for improving intention to place dental sealants for preschool children. A convenience sample of adult, American Indian participants (n = 89) attending a community health fair were assigned to view a gain-framed, loss-framed, or mix-framed dental sealant message. We compared participants' scores on a 46-item survey to determine the relative effect of the frame assignment on seven indices of behavior change. The mean difference in participants' stage-of-change scores (x = 1.17, n = 89, SD = 1.90) demonstrated a significant improvement for all groups after watching the dental sealant message t88  = 5.81, p < .0001, 95% CI [0.77-1.57]. Self-efficacy was the only construct for which we detected a statistically significant difference as a function of frame assignment. Overall, the mix-framed message resulted in the highest scores. The gain-framed message was the least influential on four constructs. This finding is in contrast to findings that gain-framed oral health messages are most influential (Gallagher & Updegraff, 2012; O'Keefe & Jensen, 2007). Community advisory board members determined to use the mix-framed approach in an oral health social marketing campaign with a rural, American Indian audience. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Knowledge, value, opinion and practice about usage of pit and fissure sealant among dental professionals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

PubMed

Nagappan, N; Dhamodhar, M Dinesh; Nithin, M G; Kumar, E Senthil

2015-12-01

A study was aimed to assess the knowledge, value, opinion, and practice regarding the use of dental sealants among private dental practitioners in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A self-administrated questionnaire were distributed to 192 private dental practitioners in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India by using simple random sampling. A convenience sampling technique was employed. The questionnaire consisted of 28 items, which included information about knowledge, value, opinion, and practice regarding dental sealants. The questionnaire was obtained from the study by San Martin et al. 2013 and Kailash Asawa et al. 2014. Frequency distribution was tabulated. For frequency distribution strongly, strongly agree, and agree were combined as "agree" and strongly disagree and disagree were combined as "disagree." There were no changes in "neutral." Among the 196 study subjects 56.2% were males and 43.8% were females with their clinical experience of 52.1% for <5 years, 35.4% for 5-10 years, and 13.5% for >15 years. The mean scores for knowledge, value, opinion, and practice were 41.8 ± 3.7, 18.7 ± 2.8, 18.1 ± 1.4, and 12.9 ± 2.3, respectively. The results suggest that dental practitioners had satisfactory knowledge about pit and fissure sealant and had neutral attitudes about sealants being effective. Dental practitioners adequately used the pit and fissure sealants but they did not follow the standardized procedures and specific guidelines.

Fibrin sealants or cell saver eliminate the need for autologous blood donation in anemic patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Bou Monsef, Jad; Buckup, Johannes; Waldstein, Wenzel; Cornell, Charles; Boettner, Friedrich

2014-01-01

Reducing allogeneic blood transfusions remains a challenge in total knee arthroplasty. Patients with preoperative anemia have a particularly high risk for perioperative blood transfusions. 176 anemic patients (Hb < 13.5 g/dl) undergoing total knee replacement were prospectively evaluated to compare the effect of a perioperative cell saver (26 patients), intraoperative fibrin sealants (5 ml Evicel, Johnson & Johnson Wound Management, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) (45 patients), preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) (21 patients), the combination of fibrin sealants and preoperative autologous blood donation (44) and no intervention (40 patients) on perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements. All protocols resulted in significant reduction of allogeneic blood transfusions. Transfusion rates were similar with the use of PABD (19%), Evicel (18%), and cell saver (19%), all significantly lower than the control group (38 %, p < 0.05). Combining Evicel with PABD resulted in significantly higher wastage of autologous units (p < 0.05) with no significant reduction in allogeneic transfusion rate (14%). The use of fibrin sealant resulted in a significant reduction of blood loss compared to the PABD group (603 vs. 810 ml, p < 0.005) as well as the control group (603 vs. 822 ml, p < 0.005). While PABD proved to be the most cost-effective treatment option in anemic patients, fibrin sealants and cell saver show similar reduction in allogeneic transfusion rates compared to controls. The combination of fibrin sealants and PABD is not cost-effective and increases the number of wasted units.

INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SEALANTS USED IN HVAC SYSTEMS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives results of an investigation of the potential antimicrobial efficacy of sealants used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Recent experiments confirm field experience that duct cleaning alone may not provide adequate protection from regrowth of fu...

Fixation of osteochondral fractures in rabbit knees. A comparison of Kirschner wires, fibrin sealant, and polydioxanone pins.

PubMed

Plaga, B R; Royster, R M; Donigian, A M; Wright, G B; Caskey, P M

1992-03-01

We compared fibrin sealant, polydioxanone (PDS) pins and Kirschner wires in the fixation of osteochondral fractures in rabbit knees. Standardised osteochondral fractures of the right medial femoral condyle were made in 56 adult New Zealand white rabbits. There were equal groups of control knees, and those which had Kirschner-wire, fibrin-sealant or PDS-pin fixation. No external immobilisation was used. One animal from each group was killed at two, three and four weeks. The remaining rabbits were killed at six weeks. A fracture which healed with less than 1 mm of displacement was considered a success. There was successful healing in 29% of the control group, in all of the Kirschner-wire group, in 50% of the fibrin-sealant group, and in 86% of the PDS-pin group. The use of PDS pins appears to be a reliable alternative to the use of metal in the fixation of osteochondral fractures in rabbits.

Clinical performance of a glass ionomer sealant protected with two different resin-based agents over a 2-year follow-up period.

PubMed

Ulusoy, A T; Tunc, E S; Bayrak, Ş

2017-03-01

To evaluate the effects of two different resin coating materials on the clinical performance of a conventional glass ionomer sealant. Permanent first mandibular molars of 60 children aged 6-9 years were sealed with Fuji VII. In each child, G-Coat Plus coating agent was applied to molars on one side and Heliobond coating agent to molars on the opposite side of the mouth. Clinical evaluations were carried out at 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after sealant and coating application. At 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after sealant and coating application, total sealant retention rates were 88%, 40%, 19%, 15% and 9% for molars coated with G-Coat Plus, and 93%, 47%, 17%, 15% and 7% for those coated with Heliobond. The differences between the two coating agents were not statistically significant (p>0.05). No incidence of caries was observed in either group during the two-year evaluation period. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare differences in retention rates and caries incidence by coating agent. Although retention rates of Fuji VII were relatively low and similar for both resin coating agents tested, dental caries were not observed in either group during the 24-month study period. In children with a high risk of caries and partially erupted molars, the use of a glass ionomer sealant with a resin-based coating agent should be encouraged.

Effect of sealant agents on the color stability and surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins.

PubMed

Dede, Doğu Ömür; Şahin, Onur; Koroglu, Aysegül; Yilmaz, Burak

2016-07-01

The effect of sealant agents on the surface roughness and color stability of nanohybrid composite resins is unknown. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of sealant agents on the surface roughness and color stability of 4 nanohybrid composite resin materials. Forty disks (10×2 mm) were fabricated for each nanohybrid composite resin material (Z-550, Tetric EvoCeram, Clearfill Majesty, Ice) (N=160) and divided into 4 surface treatment groups: 1 conventional polishing (control) and 3 different sealant agent (Palaseal, Optiglaze, BisCover) coupling groups (n=10). The specimens were thermocycled, and surface roughness (Ra) values were obtained with a profilometer. Scanning electron microscope images were also recorded. CIELab color parameters of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after 7 days of storage in a coffee solution. Color differences were calculated by the CIEDE 2000 (ΔE00) formula. The data were statistically analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and by the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). The surface treatment technique significantly affected the Ra values of the composite resins tested (P<.001). The interaction between the surface treatment technique and composite resin material was also significant for ΔE00 values (P<.05). Within the composite resin groups, significant decreases in Ra were observed only for the Palaseal agent coupled composite resin groups (except Ice) compared with the control groups (P<.05). Scanning electron microscope images revealed rougher surfaces with conventionally polished groups compared with test groups. Conventionally polished groups had the highest ΔE00 (3.09 to 3.49) values for each composite resin group, except for BisCover applied Clearfill Majesty (P<.05). Within the composite resin groups, significant differences were observed between the color change seen with BisCover and other sealants for Clearfill Majesty composite resin (P<.05). Using Palaseal agent on all tested composite

An analysis of pipe flange connections using epoxy adhesives/anaerobic sealant instead of gaskets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sawa, T.; Sasaki, R.; Yoneno, M.

1995-11-01

This paper deals with the strength and the sealing performance of pipe flange connections combining the bonding force of adhesives with the clamping force of bolts. The epoxy adhesives or anaerobic sealants are bonded at the interface partially instead of gaskets in pipe flange connections. The stress distribution in the epoxy adhesives (anaerobic sealant), which governs the sealing performance, and the variations in axial bolt force are analyzed, using an axisymmetrical theory of elasticity, when an internal pressure is applied to a connection in which two pipe flanges are clamped together buy bolts and nuts with an initial clamping forcemore » after being joined by epoxy adhesives or anaerobic sealant. In addition, a method for estimating the strength of the combination connection is demonstrated. Experiments are performed and the analytical results are consistent with the experimental results concerning the variation in axial bolt force and the strength of combination connections. It can be seen that the strength of connections increases with a decrease in the bolt pitch circle diameter. Furthermore, it is seen that the sealing performance of such combination connections in which the interface is bonded partially is improved over that of pipe flange connections with metallic gaskets.« less

A polymeric sealant inhibits anastomotic suture hole bleeding more rapidly than gelfoam/thrombin: results of a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Glickman, Marc; Gheissari, Ali; Money, Samuel; Martin, John; Ballard, Jeffrey L

2002-03-01

An experimental polymeric sealant (CoSeal [Cohesion Technologies, Palo Alto, Calif]) provides equivalent anastomotic sealing to Gelfoam (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Mich)/thrombin during surgical placement of prosthetic vascular grafts. Randomized controlled trial. Nine university-affiliated medical centers. One hundred forty-eight patients scheduled for implantation of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, mainly for infrainguinal revascularization procedures or the creation of dialysis access shunts, who were treated randomly with either an experimental intervention (n = 74) or control (n = 74). Following polytetrafluoroethylene graft placement, anastomotic suture hole bleeding was treated intraoperatively in all control subjects with Gelfoam/thrombin. Subjects in the experimental group had the polymeric sealant applied directly to the suture lines without concomitant manual compression. Primary treatment success was defined as the proportion of subjects in each group that achieved complete anastomotic sealing within 10 minutes. The proportion of subjects that achieved immediate sealing and the time required to fully inhibit suture hole bleeding also were compared between treatment groups. Overall 10-minute sealing success was equivalent (86% vs 80%; P =.29) between experimental and control subjects, respectively. However, subjects treated with CoSeal achieved immediate anastomotic sealing at more than twice the rate of subjects treated with Gelfoam/thrombin (47% vs 20%; P<.001). Consequently, the median time needed to inhibit bleeding in control subjects was more than 10 times longer than for experimental subjects (16.5 seconds vs 189.0 seconds; P =.01). Strikingly similar findings for all comparisons were observed separately for subgroups of subjects having infrainguinal bypass grafting and for those undergoing placement of dialysis access shunts. The experimental sealant offers equivalent anastomotic sealing performance compared with Gelfoam/thrombin, but it provides this

Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: A report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

PubMed

Wright, John T; Crall, James J; Fontana, Margherita; Gillette, E Jane; Nový, Brian B; Dhar, Vineet; Donly, Kevin; Hewlett, Edmond R; Quinonez, Rocio B; Chaffin, Jeffrey; Crespin, Matt; Iafolla, Timothy; Siegal, Mark D; Tampi, Malavika P; Graham, Laurel; Estrich, Cameron; Carrasco-Labra, Alonso

2016-08-01

This article presents evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants on the occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent molars in children and adolescents. A guideline panel convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry conducted a systematic review and formulated recommendations to address clinical questions in relation to the efficacy, retention, and potential side effects of sealants to prevent dental caries; their efficacy compared with fluoride varnishes; and a head-to-head comparison of the different types of sealant material used to prevent caries on pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces. This is an update of the ADA 2008 recommendations on the use of pit-and-fissure sealants on the occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent molars. The authors conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and other sources to identify randomized controlled trials reporting on the effect of sealants (available on the US market) when applied to the occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent molars. The authors used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the quality of the evidence and to move from the evidence to the decisions. The guideline panel formulated 3 main recommendations. They concluded that sealants are effective in preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal carious lesions of primary and permanent molars in children and adolescents compared with the nonuse of sealants or use of fluoride varnishes. They also concluded that sealants could minimize the progression of noncavitated occlusal carious lesions (also referred to as initial lesions) that receive a sealant. Finally, based on the available limited evidence, the panel was unable to provide specific recommendations on the relative merits of 1 type of sealant material over the others. These

Reduction of the closure time of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas with fibrin sealant.

PubMed

Avalos-González, Jorge; Portilla-deBuen, Eliseo; Leal-Cortés, Caridad Aurea; Orozco-Mosqueda, Abel; Estrada-Aguilar, María del Carmen; Velázquez-Ramírez, Gabriela Abigail; Ambriz-González, Gabriela; Fuentes-Orozco, Clotilde; Guzmán-Gurrola, Aldo Emmerson; González-Ojeda, Alejandro

2010-06-14

To assess whether the use of fibrin sealant shortens the closure time of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs). The prospective case-control study included 70 patients with postoperative ECFs with an output of < 500 mL/d, a fistulous tract of > 2 cm and without any local complication. They were divided into study (n = 23) and control groups (n = 47). Esophageal, gastric and colocutaneous fistulas were monitored under endoscopic visualization, which also allowed fibrin glue application directly through the external hole. Outcome variables included closure time, time to resume oral feeding and morbidity related to nutritional support. There were no differences in mean age, fistula output, and follow-up. Closure-time for all patients of the study group was 12.5 +/- 14.2 d and 32.5 +/- 17.9 d for the control group (P < 0.001), and morbidity related to nutritional support was 8.6% and 42.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). In patients with colonic fistulas, complete closure occurred 23.5 +/- 19.5 d after the first application of fibrin glue, and spontaneous closure was observed after 36.2 +/- 22.8 d in the control group (P = 0.36). Recurrences were observed in 2 patients because of residual disease. One patient of each group died during follow-up as a consequence of septic complications related to parenteral nutrition. Closure time was significantly reduced with the use of fibrin sealant, and oral feeding was resumed faster. We suggest the use of fibrin sealant for the management of stable enterocutaneous fistulas.

Reduction of the closure time of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas with fibrin sealant

PubMed Central

Avalos-González, Jorge; Portilla-deBuen, Eliseo; Leal-Cortés, Caridad Aurea; Orozco-Mosqueda, Abel; del Carmen Estrada-Aguilar, María; Velázquez-Ramírez, Gabriela Abigail; Ambriz-González, Gabriela; Fuentes-Orozco, Clotilde; Guzmán-Gurrola, Aldo Emmerson; González-Ojeda, Alejandro

2010-01-01

AIM: To assess whether the use of fibrin sealant shortens the closure time of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs). METHODS: The prospective case-control study included 70 patients with postoperative ECFs with an output of < 500 mL/d, a fistulous tract of > 2 cm and without any local complication. They were divided into study (n = 23) and control groups (n = 47). Esophageal, gastric and colocutaneous fistulas were monitored under endoscopic visualization, which also allowed fibrin glue application directly through the external hole. Outcome variables included closure time, time to resume oral feeding and morbidity related to nutritional support. RESULTS: There were no differences in mean age, fistula output, and follow-up. Closure-time for all patients of the study group was 12.5 ± 14.2 d and 32.5 ± 17.9 d for the control group (P < 0.001), and morbidity related to nutritional support was 8.6% and 42.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). In patients with colonic fistulas, complete closure occurred 23.5 ± 19.5 d after the first application of fibrin glue, and spontaneous closure was observed after 36.2 ± 22.8 d in the control group (P = 0.36). Recurrences were observed in 2 patients because of residual disease. One patient of each group died during follow-up as a consequence of septic complications related to parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSION: Closure time was significantly reduced with the use of fibrin sealant, and oral feeding was resumed faster. We suggest the use of fibrin sealant for the management of stable enterocutaneous fistulas. PMID:20533600

Durability of sealants exposed to outdoor weathering and hot compression cycles

Treesearch

Gregory T. Schueneman; Steven Lacher; Christopher G. Hunt; Christopher C. White; Donald L. Hunston

2011-01-01

Sealants play an important role in weatherproofing structures by filling gaps and preventing air and water intrusion. When incorrectly selected or improperly applied, they may fail quickly, compromising durability of the structure. To ensure reliability and prevent the need for costly repairs to structures, it is necessary to measure durability and predict life...

Characterization of low temperature creep properties of crack sealants using bending beam rehometry.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-11-01

Crack sealing has been widely used as a routine preventative maintenance practice. Given its proper installation, crack sealants can extend : pavement service life by three to five years. However, current specifications for the selection of crack sea...

Characterization of low temperature mechanical properties of crack sealants utilizing direct tension test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-11-01

Crack sealing has been widely used as a routine preventative maintenance practice. Given its proper : installation, crack sealants can extend pavement service life by three to five years. However, current : specifications for the selection of crack s...

Effect of three surface sealants on marginal sealing of Class V composite resin restorations.

PubMed

Ramos, R P; Chimello, D T; Chinelatti, M A; Dibb, R G; Mondelli, J

2000-01-01

This study evaluated in vitro the effectiveness of three different surface sealants (Fortify, Protect-it! and Optiguard) on the marginal sealing of Class V light-activated composite resin restorations (Prodigy). For this purpose, 20 sound noncarious human premolars extracted within a six-month period were selected. Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and cervical margin in cementum were prepared in both buccal and lingual surfaces. The teeth, randomly assigned in four groups with 10 cavities in each group, were restored with composite resin after applying an adhesive system (Optibond FL). After the finishing and polishing procedures, the restorations were covered with a specific surface sealant, except for the control samples, which were not sealed. After placing restorations, the specimens were thermocycled and immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution (tracer agent) for eight hours, sectioned longitudinally and analyzed for leakage using an optical microscope in a blind study with three examiners. The marginal microleakage was evaluated at the occlusal and cervical interfaces and compared among the four groups using the Kruskall-Wallis and the Wilcoxon Tests. There was better sealing at the occlusal margin, and in this region, there were no statistically significant differences among the materials (p > 0.05). In the cervical region, Fortify and Protect-it! showed improved results over the Control Group, and Optiguard showed similar results to the Control Group (without sealing).

Use of a vessel sealant device for cystic duct ligation in the dog.

PubMed

Marvel, Sarah; Monnet, Eric

2014-11-01

To compare a vessel sealant device to hemostatic clips for cystic duct ligation in a canine cadaveric model. Experimental. Hepatobiliary systems were collected from normal dogs. A microtip pressure transducer was inserted into the common bile duct and a 20-24 g intravenous catheter was placed in a hepatic duct. The cystic duct was ligated with 1 of 3 techniques: vessel sealant device (VSD), 10 mm medium Endoclips™, or 10 mm large Endoclips™ with 6 specimens in each group. Methylene blue was infused until failure, which was recorded as seal/clip failure or retrograde movement of methylene blue into the liver. Mean failure pressure of the medium endoclip group was significantly lower than the large endoclip group (P = .014). There was no difference between the failure pressure of the VSD group and the medium and large endoclip groups (P = .097, P = .34, respectively). Failure by leakage at the cut surface of the cystic duct occurred in 2 specimens in the medium endoclip group while all others failed by retrograde flow of the methylene blue through the hepatic ducts. The vessel sealant device appears comparable to large endoclips for closure of the cystic duct in an acute cadaveric model, while medium endoclips may not fully compress or span the diameter of a cystic duct in large breed dogs and leak at lower pressures. © Copyright 2014 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

A method to determine shear adhesive strength of fibrin sealants.

PubMed

Sierra, D H; Feldman, D S; Saltz, R; Huang, S

1992-01-01

The adhesive strength of fibrin sealants has not been rigorously evaluated to date. The adhesive strength of six different concentrations of cryoprecipitated fibrinogen as well as the commercially available fibrin tissue adhesive Tissucol was tested under controlled conditions utilizing split-thickness skin grafts as the test adherand. This test configuration permitted the modeling of bonding strength for attachment of skin grafts as well as incorporate established engineering test standards for adhesives. An increase in fibrin concentration corresponded with an increase in shear adhesive strength. No significant increases in adhesive strength were attained after 5 min of bonding for all tested concentrations, except for the commercial adhesive, which attained the adhesive strength of an equivalent concentration of cryoprecipitated adhesive after 90 min. The adhesive strength, however, was an order of magnitude less than reported values of the tensile strength of fibrin material for similar concentrations. Therefore, it is important that the surgeon use a sufficiently high fibrinogen concentration for the specific clinical indication. The method of fibrin sealant preparation and/or the compounding adjuncts appear to have an effect on the development of adhesive strength.

Combination of heterologous fibrin sealant and bioengineered human embryonic stem cells to improve regeneration following autogenous sciatic nerve grafting repair.

PubMed

Mozafari, Roghayeh; Kyrylenko, Sergiy; Castro, Mateus Vidigal; Ferreira, Rui Seabra; Barraviera, Benedito; Oliveira, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues

2018-01-01

Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical problem, and the preferred surgical method for treating it is the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. When it is not possible due to a large nerve gap, autologous nerve grafting is used. However, these surgical techniques result in nerve regeneration at highly variable degrees. It is thus very important to seek complementary techniques to improve motor and sensory recovery. One promising approach could be cell therapy. Transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is appealing because these cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into specialized cell types and have self-renewal ability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find conditions under which functional recovery is improved after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. We assumed that hESC, either alone or in combination with heterologous fibrin sealant scaffold, could be used to support regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury and repair via autografting with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Five millimeters of the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 J mice were transected off and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and then stumps were sutured. Next, we applied heterologous fibrin sealant and/or human embryonic stem cells genetically altered to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) at the site of the injury. The study was designed to include six experimental groups comprising neurorrhaphy (N), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant (N + F), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + doxycycline (N + F + D), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + wild-type hESC (N + F + W), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC off (N + F + T), and neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC on via doxycycline (N + F + D + T). We evaluated the recovery rate using Catwalk and von Frey functional recovery tests, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. The experiments indicated that

Fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia during peroral endoscopic myotomy: A retrospective study at a single center

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wen-Gang; Linghu, En-Qiang; Li, Hui-Kai

2017-01-01

AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia during peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). METHODS Twenty-four patients who underwent POEM and experienced mucosal injury of the cardia during the procedure were retrospectively identified. Of the 24 patients, 21 had mucosal penetration and 3 had only slight mucosal damage without penetration. The 21 patients with mucosal penetration received fibrin sealant for closure at the site of penetration. Penetration-related characteristics, treatment, and recovery were reviewed for all 21 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia. Clinical data, including general characteristics, procedure-related parameters, Eckardt scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressures (LESP), and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) results, were analyzed to determine their influence on treatment success after mucosal penetration during POEM. RESULTS All 21 patients had a solitary mucosal penetration in the cardia (12 in esophageal region of the cardia, 9 in the stomach region of the cardia, and 1 in both the esophageal and stomach regions). Twelve had a hole-like penetration and 9 had a linear penetration. For those with a hole-like penetration, the mean size was 0.14 cm2 (0.02-0.32 cm2). For those with a linear penetration, the median size was 0.37 cm (0.10-1.00 cm). Closure of the mucosal penetration using fibrin sealant was performed successfully in all 21 patients (two patients required 5 mL fibrin sealant, and the remaining 19 patients required 2.5 mL). Two patients had a nasogastric tube placed for five days after POEM; the remaining 19 patients were kept fasting for 3 d. All 21 patients were discharged after a median of 5 d (range: 5-7 d) postoperatively. During a median 42 mo (range: 9-62 mo) follow-up, all 21 patients with a mucosal penetration successfully healed without the occurrence of infection, ulcer, or esophagitis

A new heterologous fibrin sealant as a scaffold to cartilage repair—Experimental study and preliminary results

PubMed Central

de Barros, Caio Nunes; Miluzzi Yamada, Ana Lúcia; Junior, Rui Seabra F; Barraviera, Benedito; Hussni, Carlos Alberto; de Souza, Jaqueline Brandão; Watanabe, Marcos Jun; Rodrigues, Celso Antônio

2015-01-01

Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. It presents the potential to be used as a biomaterial to help repair skin lesions or control bleeding, and it may also be used as a scaffold when applied together with various cell types. The intralesional use of the fibrin gel from the venom of this snake may improve surgical and clinical treatments in addition to being inexpensive and adequately consistent, durable, and stable. The new heterologous fibrin sealant is a scaffold candidate to cartilage repair in this study. PMID:26264444

Color and opacity of composites protected with surface sealants and submitted to artificial accelerated aging.

PubMed

Aguilar, Fabiano Gamero; Roberti Garcia, Lucas da Fonseca; Cruvinel, Diogo Rodrigues; Sousa, Ana Beatriz Silva; de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Fernanda

2012-01-01

To evaluate the color similarity, stability and opacity of composites (TPH, Charisma, and Concept, shade A2) protected with surface sealants (Fortify Plus and Biscover) and cyanoacrylate (Super Bonder). Forty specimens of each composite were made and separated into 4 groups (n=10) according to the surface protection: GI - without sealant; GII - cyanoacrylate; GIII - Fortify Plus; GIV - Biscover. Color and opacity readings were taken before and after Artificial Acelerated Aging (AAA) and the values obtained for color stability were submitted to statistical analysis by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (P<.05). The values acquired for color similarity were submitted to 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P<.05). The specimen sufaces were compared before and after AAA using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Studied composites did not present the same values for the coordinates L*, a* and b * before AAA, indicating that there was no color similarity among them. All composites presented color alteration after AAA with clinically unacceptable values. Protected groups presented lower opacity variation after AAA, in comparison with the control goup. SEM evaluation demonstrated that AAA increased the surface irregularities in all of the studied groups. Surface sealants were not effective in maintaining composite color, but were able to maintain opacity.

Percutaneous BioOrganic Sealing of Duodenal Fistulas: Case Report and Review of Biological Sealants with Potential Use in Interventional Radiology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wadhwa, Vibhor, E-mail: vwadhwa1@jhmi.edu; Leeper, William R., E-mail: rob.leeper@jhmi.edu; Tamrazi, Anobel, E-mail: atamraz1@jhmi.edu

2015-08-15

Biological sealants are being increasingly used in a variety of surgical specialties for their hemostatic and sealing capabilities. However, their use in interventional radiology has not been widely reported. The authors describe a case of duodenal perforation occurring after 15 years of gastric bypass surgery, in whom surgical diversion was unsuccessfully attempted and the leakage was successfully controlled using percutaneous administration of a combination of biological and organic sealants.

PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.

2013-01-01

Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin’s ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (∑PAH16) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998–2005 to 2006–2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 μg kg–1, respectively), and by 2012–2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 μg kg–1). Concentrations of ∑PAH16 in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959–1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted.

Stability of Beriplast P fibrin sealant: storage and reconstitution.

PubMed

Eberhard, Ulrich; Broder, Martin; Witzke, Günther

2006-04-26

This study was performed to investigate the stability of Beriplast P fibrin sealant (FS) across a range of storage conditions, both pre- and post-reconstitution. Storage stability of the FS was evaluated during long-term refrigeration (24 months) with or without interim storage at elevated temperatures (40 degrees C for 1 week and 25 degrees C for 1 and 3 months). Stability of individual FS components was assessed by measuring: fibrinogen content, Factor XIII activity (FXIII), thrombin activity and aprotinin potency. The package integrity of each component was also checked (sterility testing, moisture content and pH). Storage stability was also evaluated by testing the reconstituted product for adhesion (tearing force testing after mixing the solutions) and sterility. Reconstitution stability was evaluated following 3-months' storage, for up to 50 h post-reconstitution using the same tests as for the storage stability investigations. Pre-defined specifications were met for fibrinogen content, Factor XIII activity, and thrombin activity, demonstrating storage stability. Package integrity and the functionality and sterility of the reconstituted product were confirmed throughout. Reconstitution stability was demonstrated for up to 50 h following reconstitution, in terms of both tearing force and sterility tests. In conclusion, the storage stability of Beriplast P was demonstrated over a range of 24-month storage schedules including interim exposure to elevated temperature, and the reconstituted product was stable for up to 50 h.

A clinical trial to evaluate the retention of a silver cermet-ionomer cement used as a fissure sealant.

PubMed

Mills, R W; Ball, I A

1993-01-01

A randomized clinical trial was under-taken to compare the retention of a silver cermet-ionomer cement, Ketac Silver, with a conventional, autopolymerizing BIS-GMA resin sealant, Delton, using matched pairs of fissure sites within each subject's mouth. One hundred twenty matched contralateral pairs of fissure sites in first and second permanent molars of 53 school children were sealed with the two materials. The choice of site and material was selected at random. The ages of the children ranged from five to 16 years; first permanent molars were sealed in the five- to 10-year age group, and second permanent molars in the 11- to 16-year age group. Sealants were assessed as present, partly present, or absent at 6, 12, and 24 months. The number of pairs of sites available for reassessment declined from 102 at six months to 59 at 24 months as patients were lost to the study. Retention rates were higher for the Ketac Silver sealants at all three inspection intervals (P < 0.01): 93% compared with 74% at six months, 81% compared with 65% at 12 months, and 83% compared with 58% at 24 months. When analyzed according to age range, the difference between the retention rates was statistically significant in the five- to 10-year-olds but not significant in the 11- to 16-year-olds. The conclusion reached in this study was that cermet cement was better retained than conventional resin sealants in younger children.

Prevention of internal hernias and pelvic adhesions following laparoscopic left-sided colorectal resection: the role of fibrin sealant.

PubMed

Angelini, Pierluigi; Sciuto, Antonio; Cuccurullo, Diego; Pirozzi, Felice; Reggio, Stefano; Corcione, Francesco

2017-07-01

Laparoscopy has increasingly become the standard of care for patients who undergo colorectal surgery for both benign and malignant diseases. This growing experience has also resulted in more reports of postoperative complications from the minimally invasive approach to primary colorectal resection. Small bowel obstruction from internal hernias and pre-sacral adhesions is an uncommon but not negligible complication. However, there is little literature specific to this topic with recommendations for different methods to prevent it. We report our original technique of closing the mesenteric defect and covering the pre-sacral fascia by using fibrin sealant to prevent this complication. From January 2005 to December 2014, a total of 1079 patients underwent elective laparoscopic left colorectal resection (left hemicolectomy or anterior rectal resection) in our department. In the first 298 procedures, the mesenteric defect was left open, while in the following 781 procedures, it was closed using fibrin sealant with the aim of preventing postoperative small bowel obstruction. Among the first 298 patients, three (1%) required reoperation for small bowel obstruction due to internal hernia (0.33%) or critical pre-sacral adhesions (0.66%). These complications did not occur in the subsequent series in which all 781 patients were treated with fibrin sealant prophylactic closure of the mesenteric defect. In our experience, fibrin sealant closure of the mesenteric defect has demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing postoperative small bowel obstruction that remains a complication both in open and in laparoscopic colorectal surgeries.

The effect of internal teat sealant products (Teatseal and Orbeseal) on intramammary infection, clinical mastitis, and somatic cell counts in lactating dairy cows: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Rabiee, A R; Lean, I J

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of internal teat sealant products containing bismuth subnitrate (Teatseal and Orbeseal; Pfizer Animal Health, West Ryde, Australia) when used alone, or in the presence of antibiotic dry cow therapy (ADCT), before or at drying off on the incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI), clinical mastitis, and milk somatic cell count (SCC) during lactation. The literature search identified 18 English-language publications on the use of Teatseal in dairy cattle. A total of 12 studies with 17 subtrials or comparisons including 13 positive control subtrials (internal teat sealant and ADCT vs. ADCT) and 4 negative control subtrials (internal teat sealant vs. untreated) examining IMI were included in the analysis. Internal teat sealants, alone or in the presence of ADCT, reduced the risk of acquiring new IMI after calving by 25% [risk ratio (RR)=0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67 to 0.83]. Internal teat sealants reduced the risk of IMI by 73% compared with untreated cows (RR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.55). The results of both meta-analyses of IMI, with positive and negative controls, were heterogeneous [I(2) (a statistic that describes the proportion of total variation in study effect estimates that is due to heterogeneity)=65.4 and 92.1%]. No farm or cow factors studied significantly contributed to the heterogeneity of the results. A total of 16 studies (21 subtrials), including 14 positive control subtrials and 7 negative control subtrials, examining clinical mastitis were included in the analysis. Internal teat sealants alone and in the presence of ADCT reduced the risk of clinical mastitis after calving in lactating cows by 29% (RR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.82), and 48% (RR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.75), respectively. The results of the meta-analysis on clinical mastitis with positive controls were homogeneous (I(2)=33.6%), whereas the results of studies with negative controls were heterogeneous (I(2)=60.4%). No farm

Gel sealants for the mitigation of spontaneous heatings in coal mines. Report of investigations/1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miron, Y.

1995-12-31

The U.S. Bureau of Mines evaluated three sealant systems for this purpose, bentonite-water mixtures, silicate gel, and guar gum gels. The guar gum-based gel was the only sealant that possessed the desired properties of elasticity, ease of preparation, adaptability to the mine, and a long life. In addition, since the gel consists mostly of water, it could quench or cool nearby heatings. Optimal formulations were determined in laboratory tests, and then tested in the U.S. Bureau of Mines` Safety Research Coal Mine. Two formulations resulted in stable gels that lasted for at least 12 months in the mine. Semi-continuous preparationmore » of gel using an eductor was evaluated and appears feasible.« less

Effect of dry period length on the effect of an intramammary teat sealant on the risk of mastitis in cattle treated with antibiotics at drying off.

PubMed

Laven, R A; Balcomb, C C; Tulley, W T; Lawrence, K E

2014-07-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate, under farm conditions, the use of a teat sealant in addition to whole herd dry cow antibiotic therapy on the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle at pasture, and to evaluate the impact of dry period length on that risk and the impact of the teat sealant on that risk. Dairy cows in three herds which used routine whole herd antibiotic therapy were randomly assigned to receive either treatment with an internal teat sealant (n=322) or no additional treatment (n=313) at drying-off between March and May 2010. All clinical mastitis cases during the dry period and to the end of the subsequent lactation were recorded by farm staff; factors affecting risk of clinical mastitis were then analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Median duration of the dry period was 112 days with >25% of cows having a dry period >130 days. The incidence risk of mastitis during lactation for cows treated with teat sealant was 9.9 (95% CI=6.9-13.7) cases per 100 cows compared with 17.9 (95% CI=13.8-22.6) cases per 100 cows for cows treated with antibiotic alone. The addition of a teat sealant to dry cow antibiotic therapy decreased the risk of clinical mastitis only in the first 33 days after calving (Hazard risk 0.24 (95% CI=0.12-0.48)). Length of dry period did not significantly affect the risk of clinical mastitis, or the effect of adding teat sealant to dry cow antibiotic therapy on the risk of clinical mastitis. In these herds where, based on the mastitis history, whole herd antibiotic therapy had been recommended, the use of a teat sealant significantly reduced the risk of clinical mastitis. This effect was limited to the first 33 days after calving; subsequently there was no significant effect of treatment. There was no effect of dry period length on risk of clinical mastitis, nor any significant interaction with treatment. Combination therapy with teat sealant and antibiotic was effective under New Zealand conditions in herds using whole

Optimization of La 2O 3-containing diopside based glass-ceramic sealants for fuel cell applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goel, Ashutosh; Tulyaganov, Dilshat U.; Kharton, Vladislav V.; Yaremchenko, Aleksey A.; Eriksson, Sten; Ferreira, José M. F.

We report on the optimization of La 2O 3-containing diopside based glass-ceramics (GCs) for sealant applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Seven glass compositions were prepared by modifying the parent glass composition, Ca 0.8Ba 0.1MgAl 0.1La 0.1Si 1.9O 6. First five glasses were prepared by the addition of different amounts of B 2O 3 in a systematic manner (i.e. 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 wt.%) to the parent glass composition while the remaining two glasses were derived by substituting SrO for BaO in the glasses containing 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% B 2O 3. Structural and thermal behavior of the glasses was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), density measurements, dilatometry and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Liquid-liquid amorphous phase separation was observed in B 2O 3-containing glasses. Sintering and crystallization behavior, microstructure, and properties of the GCs were investigated under different heat treatment conditions (800 and 850 °C; 1-300 h). The GCs with ≥5 wt.% B 2O 3 showed an abnormal thermal expansion behavior above 600 °C. The chemical interaction behavior of the glasses with SOFC electrolyte and metallic interconnects, has been investigated in air atmosphere at SOFC operating temperature. Thermal shock resistance and gas-tightness of GC sealants in contact with 8YSZ was evaluated in air and water. The total electrical resistance of a model cell comprising Crofer 22 APU and 8YSZ plates joined by a GC sealant has been examined by the impedance spectroscopy. Good matching of thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) and strong, but not reactive, adhesion to electrolyte and interconnect, in conjunction with a low level of electrical conductivity, indicate that the investigated GCs are suitable candidates for further experimentation as SOFC sealants.

A comparative study of fissure sealants Helioseal Clear Chroma and Delton FS(+): 3 year results.

PubMed

Kargul, B; Tanboga, I; Gulman, N

2009-12-01

To evaluate the retention rates of a resin based colour changing fissure sealant (Helioseal Clear Chroma; Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Liechtenstein) compared with a coloured resin based fluoride fissure sealant (Delton FS(+); Dentsply De Trey GmbH,Konstanz,Germany). The fissure sealants (FS) were placed on all 4 caries-free first permanent molars of 31 children aged 6-9 years, using a half mouth experimental design by a paediatric dentist according to the manufacturers' instructions. A total of 121 FS were placed at baseline. Teeth were evaluated at 3 month intervals for 36 months where a preventive program including topical fluoride application was applied. Retention rates for 36 months showed a differences between Delton FS(+) and Helioseal Clear Chroma that were statistically significant (p<0.05). Delton FS(+) had total retention rate of 30.4% for 36 months compared with Helioseal Clear Chroma at 10.8% for the same evaluation period. Although Delton FS(+) showed significantly better results than Helioseal Clear Chroma for the evaluation periods, there were no statistically significant differences between Delton FS(+) (90.7%) and Helioseal Clear Chroma (80.4%) with respect to caries incidence at 36 months(p>0.05). Delton FS(+) showed a better complete retention rate for occlusal FS at one year. Both FS were aesthetically acceptable and easy to see during application and follow-up periods and gave significant protection from occlusal decay.

Effect of surface sealants on microleakage of Class II restorations after thermocycling and long-term water storage.

PubMed

Lima, Adriano Fonseca; Soares, Giulliana Panfiglio; Vasconcellos, Pedro Henrique; Ambrosano, Gláucia Maria; Marchi, Giselle Maria; Lovadino, José Roberto; Aguiar, Flávio Henrique

2011-06-01

To evaluate interface degradation leading to marginal microleakeage in Class II restorations that had received an application of surface sealant at the tooth/restoration interface or not. Eighty bovine incisors were used, and the teeth were split obliquely, 10 mm from the amelodentinal proximal junction, and finished with water abrasive papers to obtain a smooth, flat incisal surface. Cavities were made to simulate Class II preparations (8 mm high, 4 mm wide and 1.5 mm deep), and the restorations were performed with a composite resin. Teeth were then randomly allocated into 8 groups according to the surface sealant (none, Fortify, Single Bond 2, or Scothbond MP Plus) and aging process (none or thermocycling and storage for 6 months). Microleakage was then evaluated using a dye penetration method immediately after the restoration or after aging. The samples were triturated and assessed by spectrophotometer. Microleakage was statistically similar in all groups when assessed immediately after the restorative procedure. After aging, teeth sealed with Fortify presented better results than the other groups. Aging causes interface degradation and increased microleakage. Surface sealant can reduce these effects and decrease microleakage in Class II restorations.

Collector sealants and breathing. Final Report, 25 September 1978-31 December 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mendelsohn, M A; Luck, R M; Yeoman, F A

1980-02-20

The objectives of this program were: (1) to investigate the pertinent properties of a variety of possible sealants for solar collectors and identify the most promising candidates, and (2) to study the effect of breathing in flat-plate, thermal solar collector units. The study involved two types of sealants, Class PS which includes preformed seals or gaskets and Class SC which includes sealing compounds or caulks. It was the intent of the study to obtain data regarding initial properties of candidate elastomers from manufacturers and from the technical literature and to use those sources to provide data pertaining to endurance ofmore » these materials under environmental service conditions. Where necessary, these data were augmented by experimental measurements. Environmental stresses evaluated by these measurements included elevated temperatures, moisture, ultraviolet light, ozone and oxygen, and fungus. The second major area of the work involved a study of the effects of materials used and design on the durability of solar collectors. Factors such as design, fabrication, materials of construction, seals and sealing techniques and absorber plate coatings were observed on actual field units removed from service. Such phenomena as leakage, corrosion and formation of deposits on glazing and absorber plate were noted. An evaluation of the properties of several desiccants was made in order to providemeans to mitigate the deleterious effects of water on collector life. Adsorbents for organic degradation products of sealants were also investigated in order to protect the glazing and absorber plate from deposited coatings. Since adsorbents and desiccants in general tend to take up both water and organic decomposition products, relative affinities of a number of these agents for water and for organic compounds were determined . Results are presented in detail.« less

Injectible candidate sealants for fetal membrane repair: Bonding and toxicity in vitro

PubMed Central

Bilic, Grozdana; Brubaker, Carrie; Messersmith, Phillip B.; Mallik, Ajit S.; Quinn, Thomas M.; Haller, Claudia; Done, Elisa; Gucciardo, Leonardo; Zeisberger, Steffen M.; Zimmermann, Roland; Deprest, Jan; Zisch, Andreas H.

2010-01-01

Objective This study was undertaken to test injectible surgical sealants that are biocompatible with fetal membranes, eventually for closure of iatrogenic membrane defects. Study Design Dermabond, Histoacryl, Tissucol fibrin glue, and three types of in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer hydrogels were tested for acute toxicity upon direct contact with fetal membranes for 24h. For determination of elution toxicity, extracts of sealants were incubated on amnion cell cultures for 72h. Bonding and toxicity was assessed through morphological and/or biochemical analysis. Results Extracts of all adhesives were non-toxic for cultured cells. However, only Tissucol and one type of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel, mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive, showed efficient, non-disruptive, non-toxic bonding to fetal membranes. Mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive applied over membrane defects created with a 3.5 mm trocar accomplished leak-proof closure that withstood membrane stretch in an in vitro model. Conclusion A synthetic hydrogel-type tissue adhesive emerged as potential sealing modality for iatrogenic membrane defects that merits further evaluation in vivo. PMID:20096254

TRICARE; Revision of Nonparticipating Providers Reimbursement Rate; Removal of Cost Share for Dental Sealants; TRICARE Dental Program. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-03-07

This final rule revises the benefit payment provision for nonparticipating providers to more closely mirror industry practices by requiring TDP nonparticipating providers to be reimbursed (minus the appropriate cost-share) at the lesser of billed charges or the network maximum allowable charge for similar services in that same locality (region) or state. This rule also updates the regulatory provisions regarding dental sealants to clearly categorize them as a preventive service and, consequently, eliminate the current 20 percent cost-share applicable to sealants to conform with the language in the regulation to the statute.

Controlling air leaks using free pericardial fat pads as surgical sealant in pulmonary resection.

PubMed

Ikeda, Takeshi; Sasaki, Masato; Yamada, Narihisa; Takamori, Atsushi; Tanabe, Sawaka; Okada, Akitoshi; Sakon, Kayo; Mizunaga, Tae; Koshiji, Takaaki

2015-04-01

This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a new operative method for controlling intraoperative air leaks using free pericardial fat pads as a covering sealant in pulmonary resection. To manage air leaks that must be controlled in pulmonary resection at the first water sealing test, collected free pericardial fat was used as a covering sealant and sewn on by the suture closing the lesion. In cases of uncontrolled air leaks at the second sealing test, fibrin glue was used to fill the residual lesion between the fat and visceral pleura. Fifty-one eligible patients were enrolled in this study to evaluate the duration of postoperative air leaks and the condition of the implanted fat on chest computed tomography (CT) 6 months later. The mean duration of postoperative air leaks was 1.05 ± 1.84 days in the 39 cases that received the pericardial fat covering technique only and 2.66 ± 3.42 days in the 12 cases that received the pericardial fat covering technique combined with fibrin glue. Prolonged alveolar air leaks occurred in 1 case and 2 cases, respectively. No cases required conversion to conventional methods, and there were no further adverse events. On follow-up chest CT approximately 62.7% of obvious engrafted fat survived. Using free pericardial fat pads as a sealant to control air leaks in pulmonary resection is safe and has good feasibility and potent efficacy. This new method can be an innovative technique for preventing prolonged air leaks. Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Distal Pancreatectomy with Autologous Fibrin Sealant - Implementation of an Established Concept of Tissue Sealing in Pancreatic Surgery].

PubMed

Luu, A M; Braumann, C; Belyaev, O; Janot, M; Uhl, W; Herzog, T

2016-12-01

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) remain a major concern after distal pancreatectomy. Irrespective of the technique to close the pancreatic remnant, pancreatic fistulas will occur in approximately 30 % of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy. For the first time ever, autologous fibrin sealant (Vivostat®) was used to additionally seal the pancreatic remnant after a distal pancreatectomy. The aim was to analyse whether this changes the postoperative outcome. Patients/Material and Methods: In 2015, a technical case series was performed in 15 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy. The pancreatic remnant was additionally sealed with autologous fibrin sealant (Vivostat®). Results: A postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) occurred in 5/15 patients (33 %). One patient had a POPF grade A (1/15, 6.7 %), whereas a POPF grade B occurred in 4/15 patients (26.7 %). 75 % (3/4) of the patients with a POPF grade B were sufficiently treated with antibiotics, whereas a CT-guided percutaneous drainage had to be placed only in one case. Conclusion: Autologous fibrin sealant is simple to apply and seems to be well tolerated. However, it does not seem to avoid the development of postoperative pancreatic fistulas after distal pancreatectomy. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Effectiveness of fluoride sealant in the prevention of carious lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation

PubMed Central

Pithon, Matheus Melo; Santos, Mariana de Jesus; de Souza, Camilla Andrade; Leão, Jorge César Borges; Braz, Ana Karla Souza; de Araujo, Renato Evangelista; Tanaka, Orlando Motohiro; Oliveira, Dauro Douglas

2015-01-01

Abstract Objective: This article aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Pro Seal fluoride sealant application in the prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of bovine incisors, and five groups were formed (n = 15) according to the exposure of teeth to oral hygiene substances and the application of enamel sealant: G1 (control), only brushing was performed with 1.450 ppm fluoride; G2 (control) brushing associated with the use of mouthwash with 225 ppm fluoride; G3, only Pro Seal sealant application was performed with 1.000 ppm fluoride; G4 Pro Seal associated with brushing; G5 Pro Seal associated with brushing and mouthwash. Experimental groups alternated between pH cycling and the procedures described. All specimens were kept at a temperature of 37 °C throughout the entire experiment. Both brushing and immersion in solutions were performed within a time interval of one minute, followed by washing in deionized water three times a day for 28 days. Afterwards, an evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the spectral type was performed. In each group, a scanning exam of the white spot lesion area (around the sites where brackets were bonded) and depth measurement of carious lesions were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine whether there were significant differences among groups. For post hoc analysis, Tukey test was used. Results: There was statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.003), 1 and 3 (p = 0.008), 1 and 4 (p = 0.000) and 1 and 5 (p = 0.000). The group in which only brushing was performed (Group 1) showed deeper enamel lesion. Conclusion: Pro Seal sealant alone or combined with brushing and/or brushing and the use of a mouthwash with fluoride was more effective in protecting enamel, in comparison to brushing alone. PMID:26691968

Biomimetic, Strong, Tough, and Self-Healing Composites Using Universal Sealant-Loaded, Porous Building Blocks.

PubMed

Hwang, Sung Hoon; Miller, Joseph B; Shahsavari, Rouzbeh

2017-10-25

Many natural materials, such as nacre and dentin, exhibit multifunctional mechanical properties via structural interplay between compliant and stiff constituents arranged in a particular architecture. Herein, we present, for the first time, the bottom-up synthesis and design of strong, tough, and self-healing composite using simple but universal spherical building blocks. Our composite system is composed of calcium silicate porous nanoparticles with unprecedented monodispersity over particle size, particle shape, and pore size, which facilitate effective loading and unloading with organic sealants, resulting in 258% and 307% increases in the indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the compacted composite. Furthermore, heating the damaged composite triggers the controlled release of the nanoconfined sealant into the surrounding area, enabling moderate recovery in strength and toughness. This work paves the path towards fabricating a novel class of biomimetic composites using low-cost spherical building blocks, potentially impacting bone-tissue engineering, insulation, refractory and constructions materials, and ceramic matrix composites.

INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SEALANTS USED IN HVAC SYSTEMS: JOURNAL ARTICLE

EPA Science Inventory

NRMRL-RTP-P- 530a Foarde, K.K., VanOsdell, D.W., and Menetrez*, M.Y. Investigation of the Potential Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sealants Used in HVAC Systems. Published in: Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 51 (8):1219-1226 (2001). 07/06/2000 The paper gives result...

EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL EFFICACY OF AN ANTIMICROBIAL-CONTAINING SEALANT ON DUCT LINER AND GALVANIZED STEEL

EPA Science Inventory

The article gives results of an evaluation of the potential efficacy of an antimicrobial-containing sealant on fibrous-glass duct liner (FGDL) and galvanized steel (GS) as used in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC systems become dirty to various degr...

Fibrin chain cross-linking, fibrinolysis, and in vivo sealing efficacy of differently structured fibrin sealants.

PubMed

Hedrich, Hans Christian; Simunek, Manuela; Reisinger, Sonja; Ferguson, James; Gulle, Heinz; Goppelt, Andreas; Redl, Heinz

2012-08-01

In this study, we compared the sealing characteristics and efficacy of a fibrin sealant with reduced plasminogen (FS-rplg) and a fibrin sealant with aprotinin as a fibrinolysis inhibitor (FS-apr). The relevant sealing characteristics including clot structure, fibrin chain cross-linking, and clot lysis were tested in the laboratory. The sealing efficacy was then investigated in a follow-up animal model to determine differences in the in vivo sealing properties. A total of 46 animals were available for the final analysis with 23 animals in each treatment arm. In conclusion, we saw differences in vitro between FS-rplg and FS-apr in ultrastructure and α-chain cross-linking rates as well as in the rate of fibrinolysis. These differences may explain the significantly enhanced sealing efficacy in FS-apr compared to FS-rplg shown in vivo in a rabbit intestinal model. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of short-term in vitro fluoride release and recharge from four different types of pit-and-fissure sealants.

PubMed

Koga, Hiroshi; Kameyama, Atsushi; Matsukubo, Takashi; Hirai, Yoshito; Takaesu, Yoshinori

2004-08-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of four commercial fluoride-containing pit-and-fissure sealants on caries prevention. Four sealants containing fluoride, Fuji III, Fuji III LC (GC Co., Tokyo), Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Medical Co., Osaka) and Helioseal F (Vivadent Co., Liechtenstein) were used to investigate fluoride release and recharge. Disk-shaped specimens prepared from each material were immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 37 degrees C. After seven days, acidulated phosphate fluoride solution (APF) was applied to each specimen, and it was then again immersed in distilled water for 14 days. We then determined how much fluoride had been released into the immersing water. Fuji III LC was used with APF solution to investigate the fluoride uptake. Fuji III had the highest fluoride release, and Fuji III LC had the highest fluoride recharge. Helioseal F and Teethmate F-1 had almost no fluoride recharge. Fuji III LC/APF had a higher fluoride uptake to enamel than Fuji III LC. These results suggest that GIC-sealants in the oral cavity can serve as a fluoride reservoir and contribute to retaining a low fluoride level in oral fluids, thereby preventing caries.

A Test Method for Monitoring Modulus Changes during Durability Tests on Building Joint Sealants

Treesearch

Christopher C. White; Donald L. Hunston; Kar Tean Tan; Gregory T. Schueneman

2012-01-01

The durability of building joint sealants is generally assessed using a descriptive methodology involving visual inspection of exposed specimens for defects. It is widely known that this methodology has inherent limitations, including that the results are qualitative. A new test method is proposed that provides more fundamental and quantitative information about...

Parents' Attitude towards the Use of Fluorides and Fissure Sealants and its Effect on their Children's Oral Health.

PubMed

Blumer, Sigalit; Ratson, Tal; Peretz, Benjamin; Dagon, Nurit

To characterize the attitudes of Israeli parents towards caries preventive measures. participating parents completed a 21-item questionnaire on their demographics, dental history, attitudes and satisfaction from fluorides and fissure sealants. One hundred parents (average age 41.62±4.9 years, 85 females) participated. Most of the parents (88% of the mothers and 84% of the fathers) had an academic education. Most of the parents (54%) had a favorable attitude towards the use of fluoridated gels, while only 37% of them had a positive opinion regarding fluoridated water. The satisfaction levels were very high regarding fissure sealants, fluoridated mouth rinses and fluoridated gels (78.1%, 73.6% and 72.5% respectively). The satisfaction from fluoridated water was split almost equally (50.8% were 'pleased' and 49.2% 'not pleased'). The main source for parental oral health knowledge was the dentist (83%). Parents' attitude towards caries preventive measures was significantly correlated to their gender, dental experience, level of education and the number of children in the family. positive attitude towards caries preventive measures was found among parents with higher awareness for preventive oral health measures and among bigger families. Mothers were more positive about fissure sealants than fathers. Mothers with up to 12 years of education tended to have a positive opinion regarding water fluoridation.

A Systematic Approach to the Study of Accelerated weathering of Building Joint Sealants

Treesearch

Christopher C. White; Donald L. Hunston; Kar Tean Tan; James J. Filliben; Adam L. Pintar; Greg Schueneman

2012-01-01

An accurate service life prediction model is needed for building joint sealants in order to greatly reduce the time to market of a new product and reduce the risk of introducing a poorly performing product into the marketplace. A stepping stone to the success of this effort is the precise control of environmental variables in a laboratory accelerated test apparatus in...

Effects of subpressure on the sealing ability of dental sealant in vitro.

PubMed

Tian, Y M; Zhuge, R S; Zhang, Z T; Zheng, D X; Ding, N; Li, Y M

2018-06-06

Pits and fissures sealing with flowable materials is a popular method for preventing caries in preventive dentistry while there is still microleakage existed. This in vitro study aimed to explore the effects of subpressure technique on the sealing ability of pit and fissure sealant. One hundred and forty-one extracted human premolars were collected in this study and treated with different pressure (atmosphere pressure as group C, -0.04 MPa as group S 4 and -0.08 MPa as group S 8 ). Thermocycling (×5000) was also performed. Penetration percentage, microleakage, cross-sectional microhardness (Knoop, KMH) and mineral loss were evaluated. Kappa tests, Friedman nonparametric and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Penetration percentages of group S 4 and S 8 were significant higher compared to that of group C. Microleakage of groups was similar before thermocycling, while subpressure groups showed lower scale of microleakage after thermocycling. Data of KMH and mineral loss showed significant differences between subpressure and thermocycling groups. Subpressure technique could increase the penetration of pit and fissure sealant, decrease microleakage and increase resistance of demineralization after thermocycling. This novel technique may have great potential for preventing from secondary caries. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Operating Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Control Devices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... performance test. 2. Carbon adsorber (regenerative) to which puncture sealant application spray booth emissions are ducted a. Maintain the total regeneration mass, volumetric flow, and carbon bed temperature at the operating range established during the performance test.b. Reestablish the carbon bed temperature...

78 FR 27953 - Notification of Proposed Production Activity, CNH America, LLC, Subzone 59B, (Agricultural...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

....14(b), FTZ activity would be limited to the specific foreign-status materials and components and... housings; vertical auger tubes; chopper drive gearbox accessories; cotton picker frames and cabs; and, non... components and materials sourced from abroad include: sealant; sealant paste; oil drain assemblies; rubber...

76 FR 79537 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Adhesives and Sealants Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

... Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III, 1650 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania...--Adhesives and Sealants under Regulation 1141--Limiting Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Consumer.... The revision is part of Delaware's strategy to achieve and maintain the 8- hour ozone national ambient...

A case series of anophthalmic socket cysts excised utilising fibrin sealant.

PubMed

Wong, Yun; Clarke, Lucy; Lau, Gordon

2017-10-23

Anophthalmic socket cysts are challenging to remove and incomplete excision has been shown to increase the risk of recurrence. This case series describes a novel technique utilising the fibrin sealant Tisseel (Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) to retain the socket cyst integrity during surgical removal to facilitate its complete excision. Five patients were included and followed up for a minimum of 1 year, and there were no signs of recurrence in any of the cases. The surgical technique is described and illustrated. This technique is a safe way of simplifying challenging socket cyst surgery.

Hemostatic efficacy of EVARREST™, Fibrin Sealant Patch vs. TachoSil® in a heparinized swine spleen incision model.

PubMed

Matonick, John P; Hammond, Jeffrey

2014-12-01

First-generation single-component hemostats such as oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), fibrin, collagen, and gelatin have evolved into second and third generations of combination hemostats. This study compares two FDA approved products, EVARREST™, Fibrin Sealant Patch, a hemostat comprised of a matrix of nonwoven polyglactin 910 embedded in ORC coated with human fibrinogen and thrombin to TachoSil® medicated sponge, an equine collagen pad coated with human fibrinogen and thrombin. Swine were anticoagulated with heparin to 3X their baseline activated clotting time and a 15 mm long × 3 mm deep incision was made to create a consistent moderate bleeding pattern. Test material was then applied to the wound site and compressed manually for 3 min with just enough pressure to prevent continued bleeding. Hemostatic effectiveness was evaluated at 3 min and 10 min. At 3 min, the hemostasis success rate was 86% in the EVARREST™ group and 0% in the TachoSil® group, p < .0001. The overall success rate at 10 min was 100% with EVARREST™ and 4% with TachoSil®, p < .0001. Adhesive failure, in which the test material did not stick to the tissue, occurred in 96% of TachoSil® sites. In contrast, 100% of the EVARREST™ applications adhered to the test site. EVARREST™, Fibrin Sealant Patch demonstrated greater wound adhesion and more effective hemostasis than TachoSil®. Adhesive failure was the primary failure mode for TachoSil® in this model.

Nonsurgical management of an enlarging pneumatocele by fibrin sealant injection via pigtail catheter.

PubMed

Park, Tae Hyun; Kim, Jin Kyu

2016-02-01

Most pneumatoceles disappear spontaneously and do not cause severe symptoms. Treatment alternatives include various conventional or surgical methods. However, an enlarging, complicated pneumatocele with cardiorespiratory instability requires imaging-guided catheter drainage or surgery. Here, we report the case of a newborn girl with an enlarging pneumatocele accompanied by pulmonary interstitial emphysema secondary to mechanical ventilation. The pneumatocele was successfully managed by the injection of fibrin sealant via a pigtail catheter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Development of performance-based guidelines for selection of bituminous-based hot-poured pavement crack sealant : an executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This report summarizes research presented in separate technical reports, papers, and journal articles that collectively document the development of a systematic process to aid in the selection of appropriate bituminous hot-poured sealants for pavemen...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Emission Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources 3 Table 3 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. XXXX, Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63—Emission Limits for Puncture...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Operating Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Control Devices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Operating Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Control Devices 4 Table 4 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. XXXX, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63—Operating Limits for Puncture...

Effect of application of an external teat sealant and/or oral treatment with a monensin capsule pre-calving on the prevalence and incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy heifers.

PubMed

McDougall, S; Parker, K I; Weir, A M; Compton, C W R

2008-06-01

To assess the effect of applying an external teat sealant or a slow-release intraruminal monensin capsule pre-calving on the prevalence and incidence of subclinical or clinical mastitis in dairy heifers post-calving. The studies were undertaken in 13 herds. In two herds application of an external teat sealant was compared with a negative control; in nine herds treatment with monensin was compared with controls, and in two herds treatments were applied in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Heifers were randomly assigned within herd to be treated with a slow-release intraruminal device containing 32 g monensin (n=383), or left as untreated controls (n=389), approximately 30 days before the start of the spring calving period; or to be treated with a latex external teat sealant (n=206) when calving was impending, or be left as untreated controls (n=205). Milk samples were collected from each gland between 0 and 5 days after calving and from any gland diagnosed with clinical mastitis. The effect of the treatments on the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI), i.e. subclinical mastitis, and clinical mastitis were initially analysed at the univariate level, with associated variables (p<0.2) being used in construction of multivariable models. The prevalence of IMI was 18.4% at the gland level, and coagulase-negative staphylococci followed by Streptococcus uberis were the most common isolates. Treatment with an external teat sealant reduced the prevalence, compared with controls, of any IMI (12.1 (SE 1.7)% vs 16.5 (SE 2.1)%, respectively; p=0.05) or IMI caused by a major pathogen (3.8 (SE 0.8)% vs 6.0 (SE 1.1)%, respectively; p=0.05). Monensin treatment did not affect the prevalence of any IMI (p=0.68) or IMI due to a major pathogen (p=0.11). The cumulative incidence of clinical mastitis was 14.2%. Neither monensin treatment (p=0.47) nor application of an external teat sealant (p=0.71) altered the risk of clinical mastitis. There was no interaction between the monensin and

Influence of irradiation by a novel CO2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser on sealant bond strength.

PubMed

Rechmann, P; Sherathiya, K; Kinsel, R; Vaderhobli, R; Rechmann, B M T

2017-04-01

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether irradiation of enamel with a novel CO 2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser using energies that enhance caries resistance influences the shear bond strength of composite resin sealants to the irradiated enamel. Seventy bovine and 240 human enamel samples were irradiated with a 9.3-μm carbon dioxide laser (Solea, Convergent Dental, Inc., Natick, MA) with four different laser energies known to enhance caries resistance or ablate enamel (pulse duration from 3 μs at 1.6 mJ/pulse to 43 μs at 14.9 mJ/pulse with fluences between 3.3 and 30.4 J/cm 2 , pulse repetition rate between 4.1 and 41.3 Hz, beam diameter of 0.25 mm and 1-mm spiral pattern, and focus distance of 4-15 mm). Irradiation was performed "freehand" or using a computerized, motor-driven stage. Enamel etching was achieved with 37% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal etchant, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN). As bonding agent, Adper Single Bond Plus was used followed by placing Z250 Filtek Supreme flowable composite resin (both 3M ESPE). After 24 h water storage, a single-plane shear bond test was performed (UltraTester, Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT). All laser-irradiated samples showed equal or higher bond strength than non-laser-treated controls. The highest shear bond strength values were observed with the 3-μs pulse duration/0.25-mm laser pattern (mean ± SD = 31.90 ± 2.50 MPa), representing a significant 27.4% bond strength increase over the controls (25.04 ± 2.80 MPa, P ≤ 0.0001). Two other caries-preventive irradiation (3 μs/1 mm and 7 μs/0.25 mm) and one ablative pattern (23 μs/0.25 mm) achieved significantly increased bond strength compared to the controls. Bovine enamel also showed in all test groups increased shear bond strength over the controls. Computerized motor-driven stage irradiation did not show superior bond strength values over the clinically more relevant freehand irradiation. Enamel

Autologous fibrin sealant reduces the incidence of prolonged air leak and duration of chest tube drainage after lung volume reduction surgery: a prospective randomized blinded study.

PubMed

Moser, C; Opitz, I; Zhai, W; Rousson, V; Russi, E W; Weder, W; Lardinois, D

2008-10-01

Prolonged air leak is reported in up to 50% of patients after lung volume reduction surgery. The effect of an autologous fibrin sealant on the intensity and duration of air leak and on the time to chest drain removal after lung volume reduction surgery was investigated in a randomized prospective clinical trial. Twenty-five patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery. In each patient, an autologous fibrin sealant was applied along the staple lines on one side, whereas no additional measure was taken on the other side. Randomization of treatment was performed at the end of the resection on the first side. Air leak was assessed semiquantitatively by use of a severity score (0 = no leak; 4 = continuous severe leak) by two investigators blinded to the treatment. Mean value of the total severity scores for the first 48 hours postoperative was significantly lower in the treated group (4.7 +/- 7.7) than in the control group (16.0 +/- 10.1) (P < .001), independently of the length of the resection. Prolonged air leak and mean duration of drainage were also significantly reduced after application of the sealant (4.5% and 2.8 +/- 1.9 days versus 31.8% and 5.9 +/- 2.9 days) (P = .03 and P < .001). Autologous fibrin sealant for reinforcement of the staple lines after lung volume reduction surgery significantly reduces prolonged air leak and duration of chest tube drainage.

Dextran/Albumin hydrogel sealant for Dacron(R) vascular prosthesis.

PubMed

Lisman, Anna; Butruk, Beata; Wasiak, Iga; Ciach, Tomasz

2014-05-01

In this paper, the authors describe a novel type of hydrogel coating prepared from the copolymer of human serum albumin and oxidized dextran. The material was designed as a hydrogel sealant for polyester (Dacron®)-based vascular grafts. Dextran was chosen as a coating material due to its anti-thrombogenic properties. Prepared hydrogels were compared with similar, already known biomaterial made from gelatine with the same cross-linking agent. Obtained hydrogels, prepared from various ratios of oxidized dextran/albumin or oxidized dextran/gelatine, showed different cross-linking densities, which caused differences in swelling, degradation rate and mechanical properties. Permeability tests confirmed the complete tightness of the hydrogel-modified prosthesis. Results showed that application of the hydrogel coating provided leakage-free prosthesis and eliminated the need of pre-clotting.

The modified Ottawa method to establish the update need of a systematic review: glass-ionomer versus resin sealants for caries prevention

PubMed Central

MICKENAUTSCH, Steffen; YENGOPAL, Veerasamy

2013-01-01

Objective To demonstrate the application of the modified Ottawa method by establishing the update need of a systematic review with focus on the caries preventive effect of GIC versus resin pit and fissure sealants; to answer the question as to whether the existing conclusions of this systematic review are still current; to establish whether a new update of this systematic review was needed. Methods: Application of the Modified Ottawa method. Application date: April/May 2012. Results Four signals aligned with the criteria of the modified Ottawa method were identified. The content of these signals suggest that higher precision of the current systematic review results might be achieved if an update of the current review were conducted at this point in time. However, these signals further indicate that such systematic review update, despite its higher precision, would only confirm the existing review conclusion that no statistically significant difference exists in the caries-preventive effect of GIC and resin-based fissure sealants. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated the modified Ottawa method as an effective tool in establishing the update need of the systematic review. In addition, it was established that the conclusions of the systematic review in relation to the caries preventive effect of GIC versus resin based fissure sealants are still current, and that no update of this systematic review was warranted at date of application. PMID:24212996

Diffusion of knowledge in dentistry. The pit and fissure sealant conferences.

PubMed

Chapko, M K

1988-01-01

This paper presents data on the diffusion to dentists of information from the May 1981 American Dental Association conference and December 1983 National Institutes of Health (NIH) conference on pit and fissure sealants. A mail survey was sent to 521 (72.2% returned) randomly selected dentists in general practice and all 47 (76.6% returned) pedodontists in the State of Washington. Approximately 70% of the dentists were aware that the conferences had taken place and a little over 50% were aware of the conference recommendations. Awareness was related to: being a pedodontist, number of continuing education hours taken, number of referred journals read, and being an officer in a dental organization.

Natural Silica Sand/Alumina Ceramic Composites: Promising Candidates for Fuel-Cell Sealants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidayat, N.; Istiqomah; Widianto, M. Y. H.; Taufiq, A.; Sunaryono; Triwikantoro; Zainuri, M.; Baqiya, M. A.; Aristia, G.; Pratapa, S.

2017-05-01

An attempt has been developed to establish the prospect of the useful application of Indonesian natural silica sand, instead of commercially expensive materials, as a future fuel-cell sealant. The sand was initially washed and ball-milled at 150 rpm for 60 minutes and then heated at 1000 °C for the same duration. The resulting powder was then mixed with alumina powder at various amounts and shaped into discs before sintering at 1150 °C and 1250 °C to produce compact ceramics. The diameter shrinkage, porosity, and density of the ceramics were evaluated by Archimedes method. Their crystalline phase composition was quantified by Rietveld refinement analysis on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and the phase weight fraction was then used for coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) evaluation. It was observed that the bulk density increased while the porosity decreased with alumina addition. The XRD data analysis revealed that the prepared silica sand contains a very high purity of quartz-SiO2, i.e. 97.8(18)%. The sintering temperatures of 1150 °C and 1250 °C transformed some quartz-SiO2 to crystobalite-SiO2. All the calcite-CaCO3 exhibited reaction sintering with SiO2 forming wollastonite-CaSiO3. Therefore, the ceramic composites contained SiO2/Al2O3/CaSiO3. Regarding CTE, all of the composites meet the criteria for fuel-cell sealants, in the range of 9-12 ppm/°C.

Application of a new collagen-based sealant for the treatment of pancreatic injury.

PubMed

Rosen, Michael; Walsh, R Matthew; Goldblum, John R

2004-08-01

Pancreatic injury is the most frequent serious morbidity that can occur following laparoscopic splenectomy. The presumed mechanism of injury is direct trauma to the pancreatic tail during hilar dissection or transection with endovascular staplers. It was our aim to study the direct application of topical sealants to a pancreatic injury to prevent a pancreatic leak. A porcine model of pancreatic injury in a normal pancreas was developed. Fourteen animals underwent midline laparotomy and subtotal (8 cm) distal pancreatectomy. The pancreas was sharply divided and minimal cauterization used. A (1/4)-inch round Jackson Pratt drain was secured to the pancreatic stump in all animals. The control group (n = 7) underwent no further treatment. Two groups underwent treatment with a sealant. Group 1 (n = 3) had a hydrogel applied to the pancreatic remnant. Group 2 (n = 4) had a biodegradable sealant of PEG (polyethylene glycol)-collagen formulation applied to the pancreatic stump by aerosol. During the postoperative period, animals were fed 2.2 lb/d of a high fat (10% lard) diet to stimulate pancreatic exocrine function. Total daily drain outputs were recorded, and drain amylase content and serum amylase concentration were measured on postoperative days 3, 7, and 10. A significant pancreatic leak was defined as a drain to serum amylase content of greater than 3:1. Animals were killed on day 10 and explored for undrained fluid collections. The pancreas was removed for histologic evaluation. Control and treatment groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA of log-transformed data. All animals survived until elective necropsy. In group 1, average total drain outputs were not significantly less than the controls (125 mL versus 269; P = .66). The mean drain/serum amylase concentration on days 3, 7, and 10 were not significantly different between group 1 and the control group. Group 2 had significantly less overall average drainage output than controls (40 mL versus 269 mL; P

Changes in Caries Experience, Untreated Caries, Sealant Prevalence, and Preventive Behavior Among Third-Graders in New York State, 2002-2004 and 2009-2012.

PubMed

Kumar, Jayanth V; Tavares, Vinicius; Kandhari, Priyanka; Moss, Mark; Jolaoso, I Adeyemi

2015-01-01

This study assessed changes in caries experience, untreated caries, sealant prevalence, and preventive behavior among third-grade children in New York State to monitor progress toward state health objectives. We analyzed children's data from the 2002-2004 (n=10,865) and 2009-2012 (n=6,758) New York State Oral Health Survey. We calculated differences in weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals for caries experience, untreated caries, sealant prevalence, and preventive behavior. We used logistic regression procedures to assess the independent effects and interaction terms on dental caries experience. The percentage of children with dental caries and untreated caries decreased from 54.1% and 33.0% in 2002-2004 to 45.2% and 23.6% in 2009-2012, respectively. While this decrease was not uniform across income subgroups, the prevalence of sealants, a key measure of the use of preventive services, increased significantly from 16.7% to 36.0% among lower-income children. Measurable improvement in reducing dental caries prevalence among third-grade children has been made in New York State, but this improvement was not uniform across subgroups. Specifically, disease prevalence among lower-income children remained high, underscoring the need to strengthen existing programs and identify additional policy and programmatic interventions.

Applying psychological theories to evidence-based clinical practice: identifying factors predictive of placing preventive fissure sealants.

PubMed

Bonetti, Debbie; Johnston, Marie; Clarkson, Jan E; Grimshaw, Jeremy; Pitts, Nigel B; Eccles, Martin; Steen, Nick; Thomas, Ruth; Maclennan, Graeme; Glidewell, Liz; Walker, Anne

2010-04-08

Psychological models are used to understand and predict behaviour in a wide range of settings, but have not been consistently applied to health professional behaviours, and the contribution of differing theories is not clear. This study explored the usefulness of a range of models to predict an evidence-based behaviour -- the placing of fissure sealants. Measures were collected by postal questionnaire from a random sample of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Scotland. Outcomes were behavioural simulation (scenario decision-making), and behavioural intention. Predictor variables were from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Common Sense Self-regulation Model (CS-SRM), Operant Learning Theory (OLT), Implementation Intention (II), Stage Model, and knowledge (a non-theoretical construct). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the predictive value of each theoretical model individually. Significant constructs from all theories were then entered into a 'cross theory' stepwise regression analysis to investigate their combined predictive value. Behavioural simulation - theory level variance explained was: TPB 31%; SCT 29%; II 7%; OLT 30%. Neither CS-SRM nor stage explained significant variance. In the cross theory analysis, habit (OLT), timeline acute (CS-SRM), and outcome expectancy (SCT) entered the equation, together explaining 38% of the variance. Behavioural intention - theory level variance explained was: TPB 30%; SCT 24%; OLT 58%, CS-SRM 27%. GDPs in the action stage had significantly higher intention to place fissure sealants. In the cross theory analysis, habit (OLT) and attitude (TPB) entered the equation, together explaining 68% of the variance in intention. The study provides evidence that psychological models can be useful in understanding and predicting clinical behaviour. Taking a theory-based approach enables the creation of a replicable methodology for identifying factors that may predict clinical behaviour

Assessment of Pain and Quality of Life in Lichtenstein Hernia Repair Using a New Monofilament PTFE Mesh: Comparison of Suture vs. Fibrin-Sealant Mesh Fixation

PubMed Central

Fortelny, René H.; Petter-Puchner, Alexander H.; Redl, Heinz; May, Christopher; Pospischil, Wolfgang; Glaser, Karl

2014-01-01

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations in general surgery. The Lichtenstein tension-free operation has become the gold standard in open inguinal hernia repair. Despite the low recurrence rates, pain and discomfort remain a problem for a large number of patients. The aim of this study was to compare suture fixation vs. fibrin sealing by using a new monofilament PTFE mesh, i.e., the Infinit® mesh by W. L. Gore & Associates. Methods: This study was designed as a controlled prospective single-center two-cohort study. A total of 38 patients were enrolled and operated in Lichtenstein technique either standard suture mesh fixation or fibrin-sealant mesh fixation were used as described in the TIMELI trial. Primary outcome parameters were postoperative complications with the new mesh (i.e., seroma, infection), pain, and quality of life evaluated by the VAS and the SF-36 questionnaire. Secondary outcome was recurrence assessed by ultrasound and physical examination. Follow-up time was 1 year. Results: Significantly, less postoperative pain was reported in the fibrin-sealant group compared to the suture group at 6 weeks (P = 0.035), 6 months (P = 0.023), and 1 year (P = 0.011) postoperatively. Additionally, trends toward a higher postoperative quality of life, a faster surgical procedure, and a shorter hospital stay were seen in the fibrin-sealant group. Conclusion: Fibrin-sealant mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernioplasty effectively reduces acute and chronic postoperative pain. Monofilament, macro-porous, knitted PTFE meshes seem to be a practicable alternative to commonly used polypropylene meshes in open inguinal hernia repair. PMID:25593969

Assessment of Pain and Quality of Life in Lichtenstein Hernia Repair Using a New Monofilament PTFE Mesh: Comparison of Suture vs. Fibrin-Sealant Mesh Fixation.

PubMed

Fortelny, René H; Petter-Puchner, Alexander H; Redl, Heinz; May, Christopher; Pospischil, Wolfgang; Glaser, Karl

2014-01-01

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations in general surgery. The Lichtenstein tension-free operation has become the gold standard in open inguinal hernia repair. Despite the low recurrence rates, pain and discomfort remain a problem for a large number of patients. The aim of this study was to compare suture fixation vs. fibrin sealing by using a new monofilament PTFE mesh, i.e., the Infinit(®) mesh by W. L. Gore & Associates. This study was designed as a controlled prospective single-center two-cohort study. A total of 38 patients were enrolled and operated in Lichtenstein technique either standard suture mesh fixation or fibrin-sealant mesh fixation were used as described in the TIMELI trial. Primary outcome parameters were postoperative complications with the new mesh (i.e., seroma, infection), pain, and quality of life evaluated by the VAS and the SF-36 questionnaire. Secondary outcome was recurrence assessed by ultrasound and physical examination. Follow-up time was 1 year. Significantly, less postoperative pain was reported in the fibrin-sealant group compared to the suture group at 6 weeks (P = 0.035), 6 months (P = 0.023), and 1 year (P = 0.011) postoperatively. Additionally, trends toward a higher postoperative quality of life, a faster surgical procedure, and a shorter hospital stay were seen in the fibrin-sealant group. Fibrin-sealant mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernioplasty effectively reduces acute and chronic postoperative pain. Monofilament, macro-porous, knitted PTFE meshes seem to be a practicable alternative to commonly used polypropylene meshes in open inguinal hernia repair.

Use of a hydrogel sealant in epithelial ingrowth removal after laser in situ keratomileusis.

PubMed

Ramsook, Sandhya S; Hersh, Peter S

2015-12-01

We describe 2 cases in which clinically significant epithelial ingrowth was removed by debridement and followed by the use of a hydrogel sealant (Resure) to seal the flap edge. In both cases, the epithelial ingrowth was seen after otherwise uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment. The visual outcomes were good with no recrudescence of interface epithelium. Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2015 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrical behavior of aluminosilicate glass-ceramic sealants and their interaction with metallic solid oxide fuel cell interconnects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goel, Ashutosh; Tulyaganov, Dilshat U.; Kharton, Vladislav V.; Yaremchenko, Aleksey A.; Ferreira, José M. F.

A series of alkaline-earth aluminosilicate glass-ceramics (GCs) were appraised with respect to their suitability as sealants for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The parent composition with general formula Ca 0.9MgAl 0.1La 0.1Si 1.9O 6 was modified with Cr 2O 3 and BaO. The addition of BaO led to a substantial decrease in the total electrical conductivity of the GCs, thus improving their insulating properties. BaO-containing GCs exhibited higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in comparison to BaO-free GCs. An extensive segregation of oxides of Ti and Mn, components of the Crofer22 APU interconnect alloy, along with negligible formation of BaCrO 4 was observed at the interface between GC/interconnects diffusion couples. Thermal shock resistance and gas-tightness of GC sealants in contact with yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (8YSZ) was evaluated in air and water. Good matching of CTE and strong, but not reactive, adhesion to the solid electrolyte and interconnect, in conjunction with a high level of electrical resistivity, are all advantageous for potential SOFC applications.

Technology Learning Activities I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Technology Education Association, Reston, VA.

This guide contains 30 technology learning activities. Activities may contain all or some of the following: an introduction, objectives, materials and equipment, challenges, limitations, notes and investigations, resources and references used, and evaluation ideas. Activity titles are: (1) Occupations in Construction Technology; (2) Designing a…

Noninvasive pit and fissure sealing: microtensile bond strength to intact bovine enamel of different pit and fissure sealants in a simplified fissure model.

PubMed

Papacchini, Federica; Cury, Alvaro H; Goracci, Cecilia; Chieffi, Nicoletta; Tay, Franklin R; Polimeni, Antonella; Ferrari, Marco

2006-12-01

To measure the microtensile bond strength of different pit and fissure sealants in a simplified fissure model. Twenty extracted bovine mandibular permanent incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups for treatment: G1: 35% phosphoric acid/Clinpro Sealant; G2: 35% phosphoric acid/Delton; G3: Non-Rinse Conditioner/Dyract Seal; G4: 20% polyacrylic acid/Fuji IILC. Each tooth was sectioned into 6 pieces (4 x 6 mm) of buccal enamel. SEM examination was used to confirm the presence of aprismatic enamel on each tooth. Using a spacer, two pieces of etched enamel were secured to a glass slide at a mean distance of 0.6+/-0.1 mm. The space between enamel substrates was then etched/conditioned and sealed with different materials according to the tested groups. By serially cutting each double-bonded sample, multiple beam-shaped specimens about 0.8mm(2) in cross section were obtained and tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred at either one of the two stressed interfaces. Failure modes were classified by stereomicroscopy. G1 and G2 showed statistically higher bond strengths than G3 and G4. G4 demonstrated the significantly lowest bond strength. Failures were mostly adhesive in G1, G2, G3, and mainly cohesive/mixed in G4. According to this model, resin-based materials (Clinpro Sealant, Delton) showed better microtensile bond strength than compomer (Dyract Seal) or resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji IILC).

Development of test apparatus for service life prediction of sealant formulations and evaluation of data from 18 months of outdoor weathering

Treesearch

R. Sam Williams; Steve Lacher; Corey Halpin; Christopher White

2004-01-01

The focus of this report is to describe the results from seven different sealant formulations exposed for up to 18 months. The methods used to evaluate the data are described, the difficulties encountered in analyzing the data are discussed, and new developments in the test apparatus are presented.

Characterization of Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetric Electrodes Using Paraffin as an Effective Sealant with In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

PubMed Central

Ramsson, Eric S.; Cholger, Daniel; Dionise, Albert; Poirier, Nicholas; Andrus, Avery; Curtiss, Randi

2015-01-01

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a powerful technique for measuring sub-second changes in neurotransmitter levels. A great time-limiting factor in the use of FSCV is the production of high-quality recording electrodes; common recording electrodes consist of cylindrical carbon fiber encased in borosilicate glass. When the borosilicate is heated and pulled, the molten glass ideally forms a tight seal around the carbon fiber cylinder. It is often difficult, however, to guarantee a perfect seal between the glass and carbon. Indeed, much of the time spent creating electrodes is in an effort to find a good seal. Even though epoxy resins can be useful in this regard, they are irreversible (seals are permanent), wasteful (epoxy cannot be reused once hardener is added), hazardous (hardeners are often caustic), and require curing. Herein we characterize paraffin as an electrode sealant for FSCV microelectrodes. Paraffin boasts the advantages of near-immediate curing times, simplicity in use, long shelf-life and stable waterproof seals capable of withstanding extended cycling. Borosilicate electrode tips were left intact or broken and dipped in paraffin embedding wax. Excess wax was removed from the carbon surface with xyelenes or by repeated cycling at an extended waveform (-0.4 to 1.4V, 400 V/s, 60 Hz). Then, the waveform was switched to a standard waveform (-0.4 to 1.3V, 400 V/s, 10 Hz) and cycled until stable. Wax-sealing does not inhibit electrode sensitivity, as electrodes detected linear changes in dopamine before and after wax (then xylenes) exposure. Paraffin seals are intact after 11 days of implantation in the mouse, and still capable of measuring transient changes in in vivo dopamine. From this it is clear that paraffin wax is an effective sealant for FSCV electrodes that provides a convenient substitute to epoxy sealants. PMID:26505195

Characterization of Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetric Electrodes Using Paraffin as an Effective Sealant with In Vitro and In Vivo Applications.

PubMed

Ramsson, Eric S; Cholger, Daniel; Dionise, Albert; Poirier, Nicholas; Andrus, Avery; Curtiss, Randi

2015-01-01

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a powerful technique for measuring sub-second changes in neurotransmitter levels. A great time-limiting factor in the use of FSCV is the production of high-quality recording electrodes; common recording electrodes consist of cylindrical carbon fiber encased in borosilicate glass. When the borosilicate is heated and pulled, the molten glass ideally forms a tight seal around the carbon fiber cylinder. It is often difficult, however, to guarantee a perfect seal between the glass and carbon. Indeed, much of the time spent creating electrodes is in an effort to find a good seal. Even though epoxy resins can be useful in this regard, they are irreversible (seals are permanent), wasteful (epoxy cannot be reused once hardener is added), hazardous (hardeners are often caustic), and require curing. Herein we characterize paraffin as an electrode sealant for FSCV microelectrodes. Paraffin boasts the advantages of near-immediate curing times, simplicity in use, long shelf-life and stable waterproof seals capable of withstanding extended cycling. Borosilicate electrode tips were left intact or broken and dipped in paraffin embedding wax. Excess wax was removed from the carbon surface with xyelenes or by repeated cycling at an extended waveform (-0.4 to 1.4V, 400 V/s, 60 Hz). Then, the waveform was switched to a standard waveform (-0.4 to 1.3V, 400 V/s, 10 Hz) and cycled until stable. Wax-sealing does not inhibit electrode sensitivity, as electrodes detected linear changes in dopamine before and after wax (then xylenes) exposure. Paraffin seals are intact after 11 days of implantation in the mouse, and still capable of measuring transient changes in in vivo dopamine. From this it is clear that paraffin wax is an effective sealant for FSCV electrodes that provides a convenient substitute to epoxy sealants.

Coal-tar pavement sealants might substantially increase children's PAH exposures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, E. Spencer; Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.

2012-01-01

Dietary ingestion has been identified repeatedly as the primary route of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seven of which are classified as probable human carcinogens (B2 PAHs) by the U.S. EPA. Humans are exposed to PAHs through ingestion of cooked and uncooked foods, incidental ingestion of soil and dust, inhalation of ambient air, and absorption through skin. Although PAH sources are ubiquitous in the environment, one recently identified PAH source stands out: Coal-tar-based pavement sealant—a product applied to many parking lots, driveways, and even playgrounds primarily in the central, southern, and eastern U.S.—has PAH concentrations 100–1000 times greater than most other PAH sources. It was reported recently that PAH concentrations in house dust in residences adjacent to parking lots with coal-tar-based sealant were 25 times higher than in residences adjacent to unsealed asphalt parking lots.

EVALUATION OF ACTIVATED BIOFILTRATION AND ACTIVATED BIOFILTRATION/ACTIVATED SLUDGE TECHNOLOGIES

EPA Science Inventory

The paper presents the results of a review and investigation of the activated biofilter (ABF) and activated biofilter/activated sludge (ABF/AS) technologies and a review of operating records of several municipal plants in the U.S. using these technologies. The overall objective o...

Pit and Fissure Sealants in Young Adults: An Evaluation of Placement Time and Retention Rate Using Two Isolation Techniques.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

retention by dental arch and method of isol..tion at twelve months ................................ 45 TABLE XVI Seven month inter-examiner reliability data...specific protection against the occurrence and progression of a specific disease, namely dental caries. The American Dental Association endorses the use...years. Yet many unanswered questions remain concerning the use of sealants. Only 15% of dental practitioners report that they routinely use them (4

Economic Evaluation of a School-based Combined Program with a Targeted Pit and Fissure Sealant and Fluoride Mouth Rinse in Japan.

PubMed

Sakuma, Shihoko; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Miyazaki, Hideo; Kobayashi, Seigo

2010-01-01

In Niigata prefecture, Japan, a system has been developed based on a school-based fluoride mouth rinse program as follows; students with caries susceptible teeth are screened in a school dental examination, and encouraged to receive sealant placement in local dental clinics. However, the cost-effectiveness of sealant application in the public health has been questioned. The aim of this study was to estimate of the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit ratio for a school-based combined program with fluoride mouth rinse and targeted fissure sealant in children residing in non-fluoridated areas in Japan. The analysis was based on comparing an intervention group with two cohorts in the 8-year-old (n=66) and 11-year-old (n=58) participating in the combined program for four and seven years, respectively, with a control group of the same grades (n=43 and n=54 respectively). The study measured mean differences in number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) between the study groups and a combined program cost per child during study periods. The cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed as an individual annual program cost per DFT averted. In the cost-benefit ratio the mean difference in treatment cost between groups (program benefit) was compared to program cost. The mean reduced DFT differences between groups were 1.44 in 8-year-old and 3.17 in 11-year-old children. The cost-effectiveness ratio was ¥ 493 in the 8-year-old and ¥ 202 in the 11-year-old, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio was 1.84 in 8-year-old children and 2.42 in 11-year-old. This combined program indicated acceptable cost-effectiveness and cost -benefit ratio.

Analysis of anticaries potential of pit and fissures sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate using synchrotron microtomography.

PubMed

Delben, A C B; Cannon, M; Vieira, A E M; Basso, M D; Danelon, M; Santo, M R E; Stock, S R; Xiao, X; De Carlo, F

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4×4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 μm apart, were made 300 μm from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (ΔgHAp cm(-3)) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and ΔgHAp cm(-3) showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p<0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of ΔgHAp cm(-3), indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.

A comparison of the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts after calving in cows also given internal teat sealants.

PubMed

Whitfield, L K; Laven, R A

2018-01-01

To compare, in cows treated with an internal teat sealant, the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts (SCC) after calving. Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farm in the Manawatu-Whanganui region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive either a short-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=291) or a long-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=288) at the end of lactation. Cows were managed on-farm with routine husbandry procedures through the dry period and following calving. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between length of action of dry-cow therapy and the proportion of cows with a SCC >150,000 cells/mL at the first herd test after calving. Age of cow, mean SCC for the preceding season and interval from calving to the first post-calving herd test were all associated with the proportion of cows with an individual SCC >150,000 cells/mL at the first herd test (p<0.001) Treatment with the short-acting dry-cow therapy was not associated with decreased odds of cows having a SCC >150,000 cells/mL at the first herd test compared with treatment with long-acting dry-cow therapy (OR=0.724; 95% CI=0.40-1.30). In this herd, which routinely used internal teat sealants, the use of short-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy did not result in an increased proportion of cows with elevated SSC post-calving. This was a single farm, single year study but indicates that in this herd, changing from a long-acting to a short-acting antimicrobial may have no impact on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis.

Bond strength of a pit-and-fissure sealant associated to etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems to saliva-contaminated enamel: individual vs. simultaneous light curing.

PubMed

Gomes-Silva, Jaciara Miranda; Torres, Carolina Paes; Contente, Marta Maria Martins Giamatei; Oliveira, Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes; Palma-Dibb, Regina Guenka; Borsatto, Maria Cristina

2008-01-01

This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant [Fluroshield (F), Dentsply/Caulk] associated with either an etch-and-rinse [Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M/ESPE] or a self-etching adhesive system [Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Kuraray Co., Ltd.] to saliva-contaminated enamel, comparing two curing protocols: individual light curing of the adhesive system and the sealant or simultaneous curing of both materials. Mesial and distal enamel surfaces from 45 sound third molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=15), according to the bonding technique: I - F was applied to 37% phosphoric acid etched enamel. The other groups were contaminated with fresh human saliva (0.01 mL; 10 s) after acid etching: II - SB and F were light cured separately; III - SB and F were light cured together; IV - S3 and F were light cured separately; V - S3 and F were light cured simultaneously; VI - F was applied to saliva-contaminated, acid-etched enamel without an intermediate bonding agent layer. SBS was tested to failure in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (alpha=0.05).The debonded specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope to assess the failure modes. Three representative specimens from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy for a qualitative analysis. Mean SBS in MPa were: I-12.28 (+/-4.29); II-8.57 (+/-3.19); III-7.97 (+/-2.16); IV-12.56 (+/-3.11); V-11.45 (+/-3.77); and VI-7.47 (+/-1.99). In conclusion, individual or simultaneous curing of the intermediate bonding agent layer and the resin sealant did not seem to affect bond strength to saliva-contaminated enamel. S3/F presented significantly higher SBS than the that of the groups treated with SB etch-and-rinse adhesive system and similar SBS to that of the control group, in which the sealant was applied under ideal dry, noncontaminated conditions.

Robotics-Control Technology. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This document contains the materials required for presenting an 8-day competency-based technology learning activity (TLA) designed to introduce students in grades 6-10 to advances and career opportunities in the field of robotics-control technology. The guide uses hands-on exploratory experiences into which activities to help students develop…

Abrasion resistance of direct and indirect resins as a function of a sealant veneer.

PubMed

Ferraz Caneppele, Taciana Marco; Rocha, Daniel Maranha; Màximo Araujo, Maria Amelia; Valera, Màrcia Carneiro; Salazar Marocho, Susana MarIa

2014-01-01

Abrasive wear is one of the most common type of wear that not only affect teeth, as also dental restorations. Thus to investigate one of the etiological factors as tooth brushing procedure is clinical relevant in order to select the best material combination that may prevent damage of resin dental restoration's abrasion. This study evaluated the influence of tooth brushing on mass loss and surface roughness of direct Venus (Vs) and indirect Signum (Sg) resin composites, with and without a surface sealant, Fortify (F). Twenty-four specimens were prepared with each resin composite, using their proprietary curing units, according to manufacturer's instructions. All the specimens were polished and ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water for 5 minutes. Half of the specimens of each resin (n = 12) were covered with F (Vs F and Sg F ), except for the control (C) specimens (Vs C and Sg C ), which were not sealed. Mass loss (ML) as well as surface roughness (Ra ) was measured for all the specimens. Then, the specimens were subjected to toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion, using a testing machine for 67.000 brushing strokes, in an abrasive slurry. After brushing simulation, the specimens were removed from the holder, rinsed thoroughly and blot dried with soft absorbent paper. The abrasion of the material was quantitatively determined with final measurements of ML and surface roughness, using the method described above. ML data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the analysis indicated that resin composites were not statistically different; however, the specimens sealed with F showed higher ML. Ra mean values of the groups Vs F and Sg F significantly increased. Tooth brushing affects mainly the roughness of the direct and indirect resin composites veneered with a sealant.

Performance Based Education. Technology Activity Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Custer, Rodney L., Ed.

These Technology Activity Modules are designed to serve as an implementation resource for technology education teachers as they integrate technology education with Missouri's Academic Performance Standards and provide a source of activities and activity ideas that can be used to integrate and reinforce learning across the curriculum. The modules…

A comparison of the mechanical, kinetic, and biochemical properties of fibrin clots formed with two different fibrin sealants.

PubMed

Hickerson, William L; Nur, Israel; Meidler, Roberto

2011-01-01

The objective of the present study was to compare the mechanical, kinetic, and biochemical properties of fibrin clots produced using EVICEL Fibrin Sealant (Human) and TISSEEL Fibrin Sealant. The stiffness/elasticity and strength of fibrin clots formed with EVICEL and TISSEEL were assessed using applied mechanical force and thromboelastography (TEG). The factor XIII content of the fibrin clots was also evaluated. Mean Young modulus and tensile strength of the fibrin clots produced by EVICEL were significantly higher than those of clots produced by TISSEEL (P < 0.05 for both). The mean time to initial clot formation and mean time to the predefined level of clot formation were numerically shorter for EVICEL compared with TISSEEL. Furthermore, mean maximal amplitude of the clots formed with EVICEL was significantly greater than that for the clots formed with TISSEEL. Mean concentration of factor XIII for the EVICEL fibrinogen samples tested was 9 IU/ml compared with undetectable concentrations of factor XIII for the TISSEEL fibrinogen samples. Fibrin clots formed with EVICEL have a much higher resistance to stretching and tensile strength and are more capable of maintaining their structure against applied force than those formed with TISSEEL. EVICEL also allows more rapid development of fibrin clots than TISSEEL. This superior clot strength and resilience obtained with EVICEL relative to TISSEEL may be due in large part to the presence of factor XIII.

Topical anesthesia for rubber dam clamp placement in sealant placement: comparison of lidocaine/prilocaine gel and benzocaine.

PubMed

Yoon, Richard K; Chussid, Steven

2009-01-01

The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy of Oraqix to benzocaine while placing a rubber dam clamp during sealant placement on children. A sample size of 45 7- to 12-year-old patients who presented for bilateral sealants on permanent first molars participated in this study. A split-mouth design was implemented with Oraqix applied to one side and 20 percent benzocaine gel applied to the other. After placing the topical anesthetic and the rubber dam clamp, patients completed a Feces Pain Scale (FPS) to rate the level of discomfort after clamp placement. Twenty-seven subjects (60%) were female and 18 subjects (40%) were mole; 15 (33%) were younger than 9 years old and 30 (67%) were at least 9 years old. The overall difference in mean FPS ratings was not statistically significant (P = .27). Regarding gender, there was no statistically significant difference in males (P = .65) or females (P = .26). There was also no difference in mean FPS ratings when looking at age groups younger than 9 years old with P=.77 In the 9 years and older age groups, however there was a statistically significant difference, with P = .04. Application of Oraqix did not reduce discomfort when compared to benzocaine in this small sample size. Oraqix was more effective than benzocaine in the age group 9 and older. A larger sample size is needed to determine its efficacy in children younger than 9years old.

Lasers. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This document contains the materials required for presenting an 8-day competency-based technology learning activity (TLA) designed to introduce students in grades 6-10 to advances and career opportunities in the field of laser technology. The guide uses a series of hands-on exploratory experiences into which activities to help students develop…

The effect of pit and fissure sealants on the detection of occlusal caries in vitro.

PubMed

Manton, D J; Messer, L B

2007-03-01

To compare, in vitro, the effect of placing opaque (OPS) and clear fluorescing (CFS) pit and fissure sealants (PFS) on the detection of occlusal caries (OCD). Occlusal surfaces of 67 extracted molars were examined under standardised conditions by 6 final year undergraduate dental students, using visual, bitewing radiography, transillumination (FOTI), laser fluorescence (LF) and tactile methods of caries detection. The teeth were then assigned randomly to two groups for PFS placement: OPS and CFS; then the OCD methods were repeated. Caries presence/absence was determined histologically on serial sections examined under stereo-microscopy (10x). Before PFS placement the sensitivity and specificity for the OCD methods were: visual: 68%, 71%; radiographic: 15%, 95%; FOTI: 36%, 93%; LF: 49%, 83% and tactile: 39%, 67%, respectively. After placement of OPS, the sensitivity of LF (20%) and visual (13%) methods decreased and specificity increased (93%, 98% respectively). Placement of CFS resulted in minor changes in sensitivity and specificity. Correlation (Spearman's Rho coefficients) between OCD methods and histological intra-dentinal caries for pre- PFS, OPS, and CFS were: visual: 0.38, 0.34, 0.33; FOTI: 0.42, 0.35, 0.43; and LF: 0.41, 0.30, and 0.45 respectively. The sensitivity of all OCD methods was low, as well as their correlation to the histological gold standard. Placing OPS further decreased the sensitivity of LF and visual methods, whereas placing CFS had little effect on all OCD methods. It is recommended that tactile detection of occlusal caries should be discontinued, and the probe used only to clean the pits and fissures gently for more accurate visual detection, or prior to pit and fissure sealant placement. Further research into the development of an affordable, robust, accurate and easy to use method for OCD is required.

The new heterologous fibrin sealant in combination with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve.

PubMed

Buchaim, Daniela Vieira; Rodrigues, Antonio de Castro; Buchaim, Rogerio Leone; Barraviera, Benedito; Junior, Rui Seabra Ferreira; Junior, Geraldo Marco Rosa; Bueno, Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza; Roque, Domingos Donizeti; Dias, Daniel Ventura; Dare, Leticia Rossi; Andreo, Jesus Carlos

2016-07-01

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve with two surgical techniques: end-to-end epineural suture and coaptation with heterologous fibrin sealant. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CG) in which the buccal branch of the facial nerve was collected without injury; (2) experimental group with suture (EGS) and experimental group with fibrin (EGF): The buccal branch of the facial nerve was transected on both sides of the face. End-to-end suture was performed on the right side and fibrin sealant on the left side; (3) Experimental group with suture and laser (EGSL) and experimental group with fibrin and laser (EGFL). All animals underwent the same surgical procedures in the EGS and EGF groups, in combination with the application of LLLT (wavelength of 830 nm, 30 mW optical power output of potency, and energy density of 6 J/cm(2)). The animals of the five groups were euthanized at 5 weeks post-surgery and 10 weeks post-surgery. Axonal sprouting was observed in the distal stump of the facial nerve in all experimental groups. The observed morphology was similar to the fibers of the control group, with a predominance of myelinated fibers. In the final period of the experiment, the EGSL presented the closest results to the CG, in all variables measured, except in the axon area. Both surgical techniques analyzed were effective in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, where the use of fibrin sealant allowed the manipulation of the nerve stumps without trauma. LLLT exhibited satisfactory results on facial nerve regeneration, being therefore a useful technique to stimulate axonal regeneration process.

Entrepreneurship. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on entrepreneurship for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Technology Systems. Laboratory Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brame, Ray; And Others

This guide contains 43 modules of laboratory activities for technology education courses. Each module includes an instructor's resource sheet and the student laboratory activity. Instructor's resource sheets include some or all of the following elements: module number, course title, activity topic, estimated time, essential elements, objectives,…

Intradiscal injection of fibrin sealant for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar internal disc disruption: results of a prospective multicenter pilot study with 24-month follow-up.

PubMed

Yin, Way; Pauza, Kevin; Olan, Wayne J; Doerzbacher, Jeff F; Thorne, Kevin J

2014-01-01

Assess the safety and efficacy of intradiscal fibrin sealant in adults with chronic discogenic low back pain. Prospective, nonrandomized Food and Drug Administration approved pilot study. Three centers in the United States. Fifteen adults with chronic, single, or contiguous two-level lumbar discogenic pain confirmed through meticulous provocation discography. Volume- and pressure-controlled intradiscal delivery of BIOSTAT BIOLOGX(®) Fibrin Sealant with the Biostat(®) Delivery Device into symptomatic lumbar disc(s). Assessments were performed at baseline, 72 hours, and 1, 4, 13, 26, 52, and 104 weeks following intervention. Potential adverse events were evaluated with serial assessment of neurological status, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Efficacy measures included serial assessments of low back pain visual analog scale (VAS) measurements and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Safety neurological assessments, X-ray, and MRI showed no significant changes. Adverse events were reported in nine subjects. Two instances of low back muscle spasm and one case of discitis were the only events considered related to the procedure or product. Mean low back pain VAS scores (mm) decreased from 72.4 (95% confidence interval 64.6-80.3) at baseline to 31.7 (17.4-46.1), 35.4 (17.7-53.1), and 33.0 (16.3-49.6); mean RMDQ score improved from 15.2 (12.7-17.7) at baseline to 8.9 (5.3-12.5), 6.2 (3.4-9.1), and 5.6 (2.9-8.4) at 26, 52, and 104 weeks, respectively. Intradiscal injection of BIOSTAT BIOLOGX Fibrin Sealant with the Biostat Delivery Device appears safe and may improve pain and function in selected patients with discogenic pain. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Control Robotics Programming Technology. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This Technology Learning Activity (TLA) for control robotics programming technology in grades 6-10 is designed to teach students to construct and program computer-controlled devices using a LEGO DACTA set and computer interface and to help them understand how control technology and robotics affect them and their lifestyle. The suggested time for…

Low-temperature resistant, elastic adhesives and sealants for gas tank insulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karrer, R.

The leading European insulating firms in the domain of liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid petroleum gas (LPG) carriers have developed special sandwich elements for the insulation of liquid gas tanks. The trend to increasing tank volumes and, at the same time, to reducing the number of cargo tanks in modern liquid gas carriers with loading capacities of up to 135,000 m 3 has in some cases entailed major changes with respect to tank design (Kaefer-Isoliertechnik, Hansa Schiffahrt-Schiffbau-Hafen, 133rd year, 1996, 2, 20-22). These changes have equally influenced both the design and the assembly of the panels used for insulation, as well as the adhesives and sealants applied for this purpose. This article describes the requirement profile and the possible applications of solvent-free two-component polyurethane adhesives (2-K PU) and recently developed polyurethane hot-melt adhesives (PU-HM) for the manufacture and/or assembly of panels. Moreover, it deals with the role of the advanced solvent-free, silane-modified polymers (MS polymers) in the pointing of panels (seam-sealing) exposed to low temperatures.

Interactions between F-111 Fuselage Fuel Tank Sealants. Part 2. Variation in Performance Properties of Polysulfides after Contact with Polyester Degradation Products,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

principally from sebacic acid and neopentyl glycol and that the most significant difference between the sealants was the greater proportion of trihydric...exhaustive hydrolysis of the polyesters would generate sebacic acid and neopentyl glycol , in practice ester units such as (1) which are terminated with both...slight to moderate swelling and softening of the polysulfides with PR-1422 being the most susceptible. Neopentyl glycol suppressed the swelling due to

Effect of laser and air abrasion pretreatment on the microleakage of a fissure sealant applied with conventional and self etch adhesives.

PubMed

Tirali, R E; Celik, C; Arhun, N; Berk, G; Cehreli, S B

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different pretreatment protocols along with different bonding agents on the microleakage of a fissure sealant material. A total of 144 freshly extracted noncarious human third molars were used The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups with respect to the pretreatment protocol employed: A. Air Abrasion B. Er,Cr:YSGG laser C. No pretreatment (Control). In each group specimens were further subjected to one of the following procedures before application of the sealant: 1. %36 Phosphoric acid-etch (AE) (DeTrey Conditioner 36/Denstply, UK) 2.AE+Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply, UK) 3. Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray, Japan) 4. Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Japan). All teeth were sealed with the same fissure sealant material (Conseal F/SDI, Australia). Sealed teeth were further subjected to thermocycling, dye penetration test, sectioning and quantitative image analysis. Statistical evaluation of the microleakage data was performed with two way independent ANOVA and multiple comparisons test at p = 0.05. For qualitative evaluation 2 samples from each group were examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microleakage was affected by both the type of pretreatment and the subsequent bonding protocols employed (p < 0.05). Overall, the highest (Mean = 0.36 mm) and lowest (Mean = 0.06 mm) microleakage values were observed in samples with unpretreated enamel sealed by S3+Conseal F and samples with laser pretreated enamel sealed by Acid Etch+Prime&-Bond+Conseal F protocols, respectively (p < 0.05). In the acid-etch group samples pretreated with laser yielded in slightly lower microleakage scores when compared with unpretreated samples and samples pretreated with air abrasion but the statistical significance was not important (p = 0,179). Similarly, when bonding agent is applied following acid-etching procedure, microleakage scores were not affected from pretreatment protocol (p = 0,615) (intact enamel/laser or air-abrasion). For

Early experience of the use of fibrin sealant in the management of children with pilonidal sinus disease.

PubMed

Smith, Caroline Mary; Jones, Abigail; Dass, Dipankar; Murthi, Govind; Lindley, Richard

2015-02-01

The use of fibrin sealant in the management of pilonidal sinus disease has not previously been described in children. We present our experience of primary pit excision and use of fibrin sealant (PEF) and compare outcomes with lateralising flap procedures (LFP). A single centre retrospective case note review of all children who had undergone a definitive procedure for pilonidal sinus from August 2006 to Dec 2013 was performed using data expressed as median (range) and compared using Fisher's exact test. P<0.05 was regarded as significant. Forty-one children were identified having undergone 49 procedures, with median age 15 (12-16 years) and follow up 32 (8-92) months. Groups were comparable for disease severity. Ten children underwent primary PEF and twenty-six LFP. Two children had recurrence following primary PEF and had repeat PEF which was curative. Overall recurrence rates following PEF procedure were comparable to LFP (17% vs 21%; P=1.0). There were no wound dehiscences in the PEF group and one wound infection. There was one wound dehiscence and one wound infection in the LFP group. Median operative time for PEF was lower than LFP (20 vs 60 min, P=0.001). 83% of PEF procedures were performed as day cases. One child was lost to follow up, and two children progressed to adult services. We recommend PEF in children with pilonidal sinus disease as primary treatment and for recurrence. PEF has comparable recurrence and wound infection rates to LFPs, is performed as day case, has shorter anaesthetic times, and the risk of wound dehiscence is avoided. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ITER activities and fusion technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seki, M.

2007-10-01

At the 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, 68 and 67 papers were presented in the categories of ITER activities and fusion technology, respectively. ITER performance prediction, results of technology R&D and the construction preparation provide good confidence in ITER realization. The superconducting tokamak EAST achieved the first plasma just before the conference. The construction of other new experimental machines has also shown steady progress. Future reactor studies stress the importance of down sizing and a steady-state approach. Reactor technology in the field of blanket including the ITER TBM programme and materials for the demonstration power plant showed sound progress in both R&D and design activities.

Summary of Pellet Technology Program Activities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gebhart, III, Gerald E.; Baylor, Larry R.; Bell, Gary L.

This report summarizes the activities and budget information of ORNL’s pellet technology program from the start of FY2014 through FY2017. Cost summaries are broken down by year and spending category. Milestone activities are outlined and described by year and further described in the project narrative. The project narrative outlines the main pellet injection technology advances enabled by the pellet technology program. A list of published research products is included, along with biographies of personnel involved. This document was prepared in support of the April 24, 2018, review of the pellet technology program at ORNL.

Audiovisual Programming. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on audiovisual programming for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections…

Health Occupations. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on health occupations for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Electronic Publishing. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on electronic publishing for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor and student sections are…

Career Search. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on career search for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Practice of Sealants and Preventive Resin Restorations Among Malaysian Dentists.

PubMed

Chin, Zhe W; Chong, Wai S; Mani, Shani A

2016-01-01

To assess the knowledge, attitude and utilisation regarding fissure sealants (FS) and preventive resin restorations (PRR) among Malaysian dentists. A questionnaire consisting of 35 questions was distributed by mail or an online survey to 425 registered dentists selected according to place of work by stratified random sampling. One hundred fifty-three dentists responded to the survey. A positive attitude towards FS and PRR was noted among most Malaysian dentists. About half of the respondents used FS/PRR occasionally (48.4%), while few (13.7%) applied them routinely. The majority of the dentists agreed that minimally invasive dentistry is important and FS are effective in caries prevention, using them on high caries-risk individuals. Most of the dentists used pumice or paste to clean teeth before placing FS/PRR. A significant number of dentists used a bonding agent prior to placing FS. Although only 57.5% dentists were aware of guidelines for FS use, most dentists agreed that guidelines are important. Although there was a positive attitude towards FS/PRR, few dentists applied them routinely. Some of the steps undertaken for placement of FS and PRR were outdated. Updating local guidelines for dentists to ensure uniform practice of FS and PRR is justified.

Selected Technology Lab Activities Implementation Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Portland Public Schools, OR.

These materials supplement state guides for junior high or middle school technology education programs. The materials show instructors how to implement 81 hours of new technology-related activities into existing programs. Introductory materials include a rationale, philosophy, and goals for technology education. Areas of instruction are as…

NASA's Microgravity Technology Report, 1996: Summary of Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kierk, Isabella

1996-01-01

This report covers technology development and technology transfer activities within the Microgravity Science Research Programs during FY 1996. It also describes the recent major tasks under the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program and identifies current technology requirements. This document is consistent with NASA,s Enteprise for the Human Exploration and development of Space (HEDS) Strategic Plan. This annual update reflects changes in the Microgravity Science Research Program's new technology activities and requirements. Appendix A. FY 1996 Advanced Technology Development. Program and Project Descriptions. Appendix B. Technology Development.

Aerospace and Flight. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on aerospace and flight for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Introduction to Animation. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on introduction to animation for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Section components are described next. The…

Status and trends in active control technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rediess, H. A.; Szalai, K. J.

1975-01-01

The emergence of highly reliable fly-by-wire flight control systems makes it possible to consider a strong reliance on automatic control systems in the design optimization of future aircraft. This design philosophy has been referred to as the control configured vehicle approach or the application of active control technology. Several studies and flight tests sponsored by the Air Force and NASA have demonstrated the potential benefits of control configured vehicles and active control technology. The present status and trends of active control technology are reviewed and the impact it will have on aircraft designs, design techniques, and the designer is predicted.

E-Collaboration Technologies in Teaching/Learning Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zascerinska, Jelena; Ahrens, Andreas

2009-01-01

A proper use of e-collaboration technologies in the teaching/learning process is provided by varied cooperative networks, which penetrate teachers' and students' activity more thoroughly with the availability of broadband services. However, the successful use of e-collaboration technologies in teaching/learning activity within a multicultural…

Drafting. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials for drafting for students in grades 6-10 consists of an instructor's section and student materials. The instructor's section contains background information, suggested activities, and a list of suggested resources. A lesson plan for the 8-day module includes assignments; equipment, tools,…

Photography. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide provides technology learning activities designed to prepare students in grades 6-10 to work in the world of the future. The 8-day course provides exploratory, hands-on learning activities and information that can enhance the education of students of all types in an integrated curriculum that provides practical applications of…

Retention and penetration of a conventional resin-based sealant and a photochromatic flowable composite resin placed on occlusal pits and fissures.

PubMed

Aguilar, F G; Drubi-Filho, B; Casemiro, L A; Watanabe, M G C; Pires-de-Souza, F C P

2007-01-01

This study compares the retention and penetration of a conventional resin-based sealant (Fluroshield) and a photochromatic flowable composite resin (Tetric Flow Chroma) placed on occlusal pits and fissures and submitted to thermal or chemical cycling regimens. Penetration assessment--ten premolars were sealed with each material, isolated (except for the sealed surface) and immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B. The teeth were serially sectioned in a mesiodistal direction. The images of the sections were digitized and analyzed (ImageLab). The distance between the most superficial and the deepest points on the occlusal central groove was calculated to determine the groove's total depth. The length of the central groove filled with the sealant was divided by its total depth to obtain the percentage of sealing of the occlusal groove. Retention assessment--30 premolars were sealed, their occlusal surfaces were photographed and the area occupied by the sealing materials was demarcated (ImageLab). The teeth were submitted to different treatments: thermocycled, stored in artificial saliva and immersed in acetic acid and saliva (10 cycles/day protocol for 30 days). New photographs were taken to assess the final area occupied by the materials. The difference between the final and initial area was calculated to obtain the material loss. The data was analyzed (two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test P<0.05). Both materials presented similar penetration of the occlusal central groove. After thermal and chemical cycling, the materials did not differ with respect to retention, except for immersion in acetic acid. In this case, Tetric Flow Chroma presented greater retention than Fluoroshield.

Predicting Young’s Modulus of Glass/Ceramic Sealant for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Considering the Combined Effects of Aging, Micro-Voids and Self-Healing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Wenning N.; Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.

We study the temperature dependent Young’s modulus for the glass/ceramic seal material used in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). With longer heat treatment or aging time during operation, further devitrification may reduce the residual glass content in the seal material while boosting the ceramic crystalline content. In the meantime, micro-voids induced by the cooling process from the high operating temperature to room temperature can potentially degrade the mechanical properties of the glass/ceramic sealant. Upon reheating to the SOFC operating temperature, possible self-healing phenomenon may occur in the glass/ceramic sealant which can potentially restore some of its mechanical properties. A phenomenologicalmore » model is developed to model the temperature dependent Young’s modulus of glass/ceramic seal considering the combined effects of aging, micro-voids, and possible self-healing. An aging-time-dependent crystalline content model is first developed to describe the increase of the crystalline content due to the continuing devitrification under high operating temperature. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model is then adapted to model the effects of both cooling induced micro-voids and reheating induced self-healing. This model is applied to model the glass-ceramic G18, a candidate SOFC seal material previously developed at PNNL. Experimentally determined temperature dependent Young’s modulus is used to validate the model predictions« less

Active coatings technologies for tailorable military coating systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zunino, J. L., III

2007-04-01

The main objective of the U.S. Army's Active Coatings Technologies Program is to develop technologies that can be used in combination to tailor coatings for utilization on Army Materiel. The Active Coatings Technologies Program, ACT, is divided into several thrusts, including the Smart Coatings Materiel Program, Munitions Coatings Technologies, Active Sensor packages, Systems Health Monitoring, Novel Technology Development, as well as other advanced technologies. The goal of the ACT Program is to conduct research leading to the development of multiple coatings systems for use on various military platforms, incorporating unique properties such as self repair, selective removal, corrosion resistance, sensing, ability to modify coatings' physical properties, colorizing, and alerting logistics staff when tanks or weaponry require more extensive repair. A partnership between the U.S. Army Corrosion Office at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ along with researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, Clemson University, SC, University of New Hampshire, NH, and University of Massachusetts (Lowell), MA, are developing the next generation of Smart Coatings Materiel via novel technologies such as nanotechnology, Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS), meta-materials, flexible electronics, electrochromics, electroluminescence, etc. This paper will provide the reader with an overview of the Active Coatings Technologies Program, including an update of the on-going Smart Coatings Materiel Program, its progress thus far, description of the prototype Smart Coatings Systems and research tasks as well as future nanotechnology concepts, and applications for the Department of Defense.

Comparison of cephalonium alone and in combination with an internal teat sealant for dry cow therapy in seasonally calving dairy cows.

PubMed

Bates, A J; Chambers, G; Laven, R A

2016-03-01

To assess the effect of combining an internal teat sealant (ITS) and a long-acting cephalonium-based dry cow therapy (DCT) on the prevalence of cows with a somatic cell count (SCC) >150,000 cells/mL 60-80 days after calving, and the incidence of clinical mastitis diagnosed by farm staff in the first 100 days after calving. Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based, dairy farm in the South Canterbury region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive cephalonium DCT (n=289) or cephalonium and internal teat sealant (n=304) at the end of lactation. Cows were inspected twice daily by farm staff during the dry period and following calving for signs of mastitis. Individual SCC were determined from herd tests conducted in the previous lactation and following calving. Logistic regression models were used to determine relationships with the prevalence of cows with a SCC >150,000 cells/mL after calving, and survival analysis was used to model time to the first case of clinical mastitis following calving at the cow and quarter level. The OR for a cow with a SCC >150,000 cells/mL after calving, including age and individual SCC in the preceding lactation in the model, was 0.53 (95% CI=0.32-0.89) for cows treated with combination therapy compared to cows receiving cephalonium (p=0.017). At the cow level, including age and preceding SCC in the model, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of clinical mastitis by farm staff in the first 100 days of lactation was 0.60 (95% CI=0.39-0.98) for cows treated with combination therapy compared to cows receiving cephalonium (p=0.04). At the quarter level, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of clinical mastitis, with age included in the model, was 0.41 (95% CI=0.23-0.74) for the combination therapy compared to cephalonium alone (p<0.001). The combination of internal teat sealant and cephalonium DCT was more effective than cephalonium alone at reducing clinical mastitis diagnosed by farm staff in the 100 days after calving, and the prevalence of

Introductory Industrial Technology I. Laboratory Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Towler, Alan L.; And Others

This guide contains 36 learning modules intended for use by technology teachers and students in grades 7 and 8. Each module includes a student laboratory activity and instructor's resource sheet. Each student activity includes the following: activity topic and overview, challenge statement, objectives, vocabulary/concepts reinforced,…

Introductory Industrial Technology II. Laboratory Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Towler, Alan L.

This guide contains 29 learning modules intended for use by technology teachers and students in grade 8. Each module includes a student laboratory activity and instructor's resource sheet. Each student activity includes the following: activity topic and overview, challenge statement, objectives, vocabulary/concepts reinforced, equipment/supplies,…

RoboResource Technology Learning Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keck, Tom, Comp.; Frye, Ellen, Ed.

Preparing students to be successful in a rapidly changing world means showing them how to use the tools of technology and how to integrate those tools into all areas of learning. This booklet is divided into three sections: Design Activities, Experiments, and Resources. The design activities ask students to collaborate on design projects. In these…

NASA's Microgravity Technology Report: Summary of Activities 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodard, Dan

1998-01-01

The purpose of the 1997 NASA Microgravity Technology Report is to update the Microgravity Research Program's technology development policy and to present and assess current technology related activities and requirements identified within its research and technology disciplines.

Field Trial of an Aerosol-Based Enclosure Sealing Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, Curtis; Springer, David

2015-09-01

This report presents the results from several demonstrations of a new method for sealing building envelope air leaks using an aerosol sealing process developed by the Western Cooling Efficiency Center at UC Davis. The process involves pressurizing a building while applying an aerosol sealant to the interior. As air escapes through leaks in the building envelope, the aerosol particles are transported to the leaks where they collect and form a seal that blocks the leak. Standard blower door technology is used to facilitate the building pressurization, which allows the installer to track the sealing progress during the installation and automaticallymore » verify the final building tightness. Each aerosol envelope sealing installation was performed after drywall was installed and taped, and the process did not appear to interrupt the construction schedule or interfere with other trades working in the homes. The labor needed to physically seal bulk air leaks in typical construction will not be replaced by this technology.« less

Classroom Activities in Transportation: Technology Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

This curriculum supplement was designed to correlate directly with "A Guide to Curriculum Planning in Technology Education," published by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. It is also a companion book to three other classroom activity compilations, one in each of the other three major systems of technology--manufacturing,…

Understanding Active and Passive Users: The Effects of an Active User Using Normal, Hard and Unreliable Technologies on User Assessment of Trust in Technology and Co-User

PubMed Central

Montague, Enid; JieXu

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to understand how passive users perceive the trustworthiness of active users and technologies under varying technological conditions. An experimental study was designed to vary the functioning of technologies that active users interacted with, while passive users observed these interactions. Active and passive user ratings of technology and partner were collected. Exploratory data analysis suggests that passive users developed perceptions of technologies based on the functioning of the technology and how the active user interacted with the technologies. Findings from this research have implications for the design of technologies in environments where active and passive users interact with technologies in different ways. Future work in this area should explore interventions that lead to enhanced affective engagement and trust calibration. PMID:22192788

Vehicle Technologies Program Educational Activities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2011-12-13

Description of educational activities including: EcoCAR2: Plugging In to the Future, EcoCAR: The NeXt Challenge, Green Racing, Automotive X Prize, Graduate Technology Automotive Education (GATE), and Hydrogen Education.

Assessment of microleakage of class V restored by resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer and pit and fissure resin-based sealants following Er:YAG laser conditioning and acid etching: in vitro study

PubMed Central

Luong, Emilie; Shayegan, Amir

2018-01-01

Aim The aim of this study was to make a comparison between microleakage of conventionally restored class V cavities using acid etchant and the ones conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and also to assess and compare the effectiveness of enamel surface treatments of occlusal pits and fissures by acid etching and conditioned by Er:YAG laser-etch. Materials and methods Seventy-two extracted third molars were used in this study. The samples were divided into two major groups: class V cavities and pit and fissure sealants. Each subgroup was divided into conventional acid etching, Er:YAG laser conditioning and conventional acid etching, and combination with Er:YAG laser conditioning (n=12). The teeth were placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, were sectioned, and were evaluated according to the dye penetration criteria. Two samples per subgroup were chosen for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Results There was a significant difference between occlusal and cervical margin groups. Laser conventional composite cementum group showed more microleakage values compared to other groups. There was no significant difference between occlusal margin groups. However, there was a significant difference between cervical margin groups in terms of microleakage. In sealant groups, there was a significant difference between laser and conventional with/without laser treatment groups in terms of microleakage. Conclusion Based on the results reported in this study, it can be concluded that the application of the Er:YAG laser beneath the resin composite, the resin-modified glass ionomers (GIs), and the fissure sealant placement may be an alternative enamel and dentin etching method to acid etching. PMID:29881311

Residential Construction. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials for residential construction for students in grades 6-10 consists of an instructor's section and student materials. The instructor's section contains background information, suggested activities, and a list of suggested resources. A lesson plan for the 10-day module includes assignments;…

MLS student active learning within a "cloud" technology program.

PubMed

Tille, Patricia M; Hall, Heather

2011-01-01

In November 2009, the MLS program in a large public university serving a geographically large, sparsely populated state instituted an initiative for the integration of technology enhanced teaching and learning within the curriculum. This paper is intended to provide an introduction to the system requirements and sample instructional exercises used to create an active learning technology-based classroom. Discussion includes the following: 1.) define active learning and the essential components, 2.) summarize teaching methods, technology and exercises utilized within a "cloud" technology program, 3.) describe a "cloud" enhanced classroom and programming 4.) identify active learning tools and exercises that can be implemented into laboratory science programs, and 5.) describe the evaluation and assessment of curriculum changes and student outcomes. The integration of technology in the MLS program is a continual process and is intended to provide student-driven active learning experiences.

Basic in vitro experiment on the adhesive effects of sheet-type hemostatic agents used in combination with a liquid fibrin sealant.

PubMed

Ishii, Keiichi; Kawashima, Hideki; Hayama, Takuma; Mayabashira, Sumika; Oka, Shiro; Sugimoto, Toshikado

2011-11-01

Various hemostatic agents have been used quite effectively for hemostasis, as well as for providing effective adhesion during laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. In this study, we investigated the adhesiveness to the renal tissue of some sheet-type hemostatic agents used in combination with a liquid fibrin sealant. In Experiment A, component solutions of the fibrin glue (liquid fibrin sealant) were dripped onto a kite string placed annularly on a porcine kidney slice. Then, one of the sheet-type hemostats--namely, the collagen, gelatin, or cellulose hemostat--was placed on the slices, and a string scale was used to measure the force needed to pull the string apart vertically from the kidney slice. Twelve slices were used for each group, and the weight data were analyzed statistically. The tissue adhering to each sheet-type hemostatic agent was fixed in formalin and sliced and then examined by light microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining. In Experiment B, the solutions were dripped onto the sheet-type hemostatic agent placed first on the slice, and the force needed for pulling apart the hemostat sheet from the slice was similarly examined. The combination of fibrin glue plus a collagen hemostat was clearly superior in Experiment A, but the hemostat and renal tissue could be pulled apart more easily in Experiment B. These results showed that fibrin glue could not exert its expected adhesive effect unless it is used in combination with another hemostatic agent or is directly applied to renal tissue. It is important to obtain further comparative data among agents and select the appropriate agents, taking into consideration the type of surgery.

Effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Fakhruddin, Kausar Sadia; El Batawi, Hisham Yehia

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was conducted on 28 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, aged 6.5-9.8 years. Children underwent one introductory (desensitization) appointment and three treatment sessions. During the introductory session, children had the procedures explained to them, they watched a movie projected on a screen while oral screening and assessment of cooperation level were carried out. In treatment session I, oral examination, charting, and dental x-rays were undertaken, whereas the children watched movies with or without video eyewear. During treatment sessions II/III, dental prophylaxis was carried out on upper and lower jaws in addition to the application of dental sealants on the right upper and lower and the left upper and lower permanent molars, respectively, while the children were distracted by cartoon movies using video eyewear. Changes in pulse oximeter and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t -test was used to assess the significance of changes in pulse and O 2 saturation levels during each visit. International Caries Detection and Assessment System-code 2 was found to be the most prevalent ( n = 58; 52%). A significant difference ( P < 0.02) was observed in mean heart rate during dental screening of the upper and lower jaws with and without video eyewear. A decrease was observed in the mean heart rate during subsequent treatment sessions. Initial desensitization appointment and "tell-show-do" approach, followed by short and positive treatment sessions, assisted in gaining cooperation and improving behavior in the subjects. Video eyewear distraction proved an effective tool in managing children with autism spectrum disorder during noninvasive preventive dental procedures.

Effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder

PubMed Central

Fakhruddin, Kausar Sadia; El Batawi, Hisham Yehia

2017-01-01

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 28 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, aged 6.5−9.8 years. Children underwent one introductory (desensitization) appointment and three treatment sessions. During the introductory session, children had the procedures explained to them, they watched a movie projected on a screen while oral screening and assessment of cooperation level were carried out. In treatment session I, oral examination, charting, and dental x-rays were undertaken, whereas the children watched movies with or without video eyewear. During treatment sessions II/III, dental prophylaxis was carried out on upper and lower jaws in addition to the application of dental sealants on the right upper and lower and the left upper and lower permanent molars, respectively, while the children were distracted by cartoon movies using video eyewear. Changes in pulse oximeter and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t-test was used to assess the significance of changes in pulse and O2 saturation levels during each visit. Results: International Caries Detection and Assessment System-code 2 was found to be the most prevalent (n = 58; 52%). A significant difference (P < 0.02) was observed in mean heart rate during dental screening of the upper and lower jaws with and without video eyewear. A decrease was observed in the mean heart rate during subsequent treatment sessions. Conclusion: Initial desensitization appointment and “tell-show-do” approach, followed by short and positive treatment sessions, assisted in gaining cooperation and improving behavior in the subjects. Video eyewear distraction proved an effective tool in managing children with autism spectrum disorder during noninvasive preventive dental

Problem Solving. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide provides technology learning activities designed to prepare students in grades 6-10 to work in the world of the future. The 8-day course provides exploratory, hands-on learning activities and information that can enhance the education of students of all types in an integrated curriculum that provides practical applications of…

Structural Engineering. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide provides technology learning activities designed to prepare students in grades 6-10 to work in the world of the future. The 8-day course provides exploratory, hands-on learning activities and information that can enhance the education of students of all types in an integrated curriculum that provides practical applications of…

The pressure control technology of the active stressed lap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ying; Wang, Daxing

2010-10-01

The active stressed lap polishing technology is a kind of new polishing technology that can actively deform the lap surface to become an off-axis asphere according to different lap position on mirror surface and different angle of lap. The pressure of the lap on the mirror is an important factor affecting the grinding efficiency of the optics mirror. The active stressed lap technology using dynamic pressure control solution in the process of polishing astronomical Aspheric Mirror with faster asphericity will provide the advantage like high polishing speed and natural smooth, etc. This article puts emphases on the pressure control technology of the active stressed lap technology. It requires that the active stressed lap keeps symmetrical vertical compression on the mirrors in the process of grinding mirrors. With a background of an active stressed lap 450mm in diameter, this article gives an outline of the pressure control organization, analyzes the principle of pressure control and proposes the limitations of the present pressure control organization and the relevant solutions, designs a digital pressure controller with C32-bit RISC embedded and gives the relevant experimental test result finally.

FSA future directions: FSA technology activities in FY86

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leipold, M. H.

1985-01-01

The silicon material, advanced silicon sheet, device research, and process research activities are explained. There will be no new initiatives. Many activities are targeted for completion and the emphasis will then be on technology transfer. Industrial development of the fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) deposition technology is proceeding. Technology transfer and industry funding of sheet development are continuing.

Initial experience with the use of fibrin sealant for the fixation of the prosthetic mesh in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair.

PubMed

Langrehr, J M; Schmidt, S C; Neuhaus, P

2005-08-01

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair offers more rapid recovery and less pain than with the traditional open approach. However, injury to the nerves of the lumbar plexus with subsequent chronic pain or neuralgia has a reported incidence of 2% during laparoscopic hernia repair, particularly when the transabdominal preperitoneal technique (TAPP) is used. These complications are inherent to the use of staples for fixation of the mesh. To avoid nerve irritation, we considered the use of fibrin sealant for the fixation of the mesh instead of staples. The aim of this study was to evaluate this technique and to compare the short-term follow-up of these patients with patients who underwent the staple repair technique. This is the first reported use of fibrin sealant in laparoscopic TAPP hernia repair. Between September and November 2004, we performed 17 consecutive laparoscopic hernia repairs (TAPP) in 14 patients (3 bilateral hernias) with primary hernias. The prosthetic mesh was fixed (10 x 15 cm) with 1 ml fibrin. The fibrin was applied using a special laparoscopic applicator. The peritoneum was closed with absorbable sutures. The postoperative course of these patients was compared with a cohort of matched patients who received the traditional staple fixation of the prosthetic mesh. Patients were evaluated at a median follow-up of 10.4 months (3.8-16.0 months). All patients underwent postoperative physical examinations. No recurrent hernia was found. There were 2 seromas and one hematoma in the stapled group. In the stapled group, one patient had pain in the area of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. There was no postoperative complication in the non-stapled group. Fibrin fixation of the mesh during laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair is feasible without higher risk of recurrences. In addition the fibrin fixation method may decrease postoperative neuralgia and reduce the incidence of postoperative seromas and hematomas.

Therapeutic Care. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series. Level 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This Technology Learning Activity (TLA) for exploring therapeutic care careers is designed for use in eight class periods. It exposes students to the different types of therapeutic care and helps them understand how they can be used to treat and heal. This teacher's edition begins with an overview of technology education. The second section…

Seal or Varnish? A randomised controlled trial to determine the relative cost and effectiveness of pit and fissure sealant and fluoride varnish in preventing dental decay.

PubMed

Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon; Hutchings, Simon; Playle, Rebecca; Morgan-Trimmer, Sarah; Fitzsimmons, Deborah; Aawar, Nadine; Angel, Lianna; Derrick, Sharron; Drew, Cheney; Hoddell, Ceri; Hood, Kerenza; Humphreys, Ioan; Kirby, Nigel; Lau, Tin Man Mandy; Lisles, Catherine; Morgan, Maria Zeta; Murphy, Simon; Nuttall, Jacqueline; Onishchenko, Kateryna; Phillips, Ceri; Pickles, Timothy; Scoble, Charlotte; Townson, Julia; Withers, Beverley; Chadwick, Barbara Lesley

2017-04-01

418 in the FV arm. The proportion of children who developed caries into dentine on a least one FPM was lower in the FV arm (73; 17.5%) than in the FS arm (82, 19.6%) [odds ratio (OR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 1.21; p  = 0.35] but the difference was not statistically significant. The results were similar when the numbers of newly decayed teeth (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.22) and tooth surfaces (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.21) were examined. Trial fidelity was high: 95% of participants received five or six of the six scheduled treatments. Between 74% and 93% of sealants (upper and lower teeth) were intact at 36 months. The costs of the two technologies showed a small but statistically significant difference; the mean cost to the NHS (including intervention costs) per child was £500 for FS, compared with £432 for FV, a difference of £68.13 (95% CI £5.63 to £130.63; p  = 0.033) in favour of FV. The budget impact analysis suggests that there is a cost saving of £68.13 (95% CI £5.63 to £130.63; p  = 0.033) per child treated if using FV compared with the application of FS over this time period. An acceptability score completed by the children immediately after treatment and subsequent interviews demonstrated that both interventions were acceptable to the children. No adverse effects were reported. There are no important limitations to this study. In a community oral health programme utilising MDCs and targeted at children with high caries risk, the twice-yearly application of FV resulted in caries prevention that is not significantly different from that obtained by applying and maintaining FSs after 36 months. FV proved less expensive. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of FS and FV following the cessation of active intervention merits investigation. EudraCT number 2010-023476-23, Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17029222 and UKCRN reference 9273. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

Thermal Screen Printing. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide provides technology learning activities designed to prepare students in grades 6-10 to work in the world of the future. The 8-day course provides exploratory, hands-on learning activities and information that can enhance the education of students of all types in an integrated curriculum that provides practical applications of…

Research and Design. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This curriculum guide provides technology learning activities designed to prepare students in grades 6-10 to work in the world of the future. The 8-day course provides exploratory, hands-on learning activities and information that can enhance the education of students of all types in an integrated curriculum that provides practical applications of…

Teachers' Purposeful Design of Effective Technology Learning Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, John Andrew Kerlin

2014-01-01

The goal of this study was to explore how exemplary teachers design learning activities that incorporate the use of technology. Teachers at three schools in a school district in Southern California were solicited for a survey regarding their use of technology in the classroom. Based on the surveys, high and low technology implementers were…

The effect of TISSEEL fibrin sealant on seroma formation following complex abdominal wall hernia repair: a single institutional review and derived cost analysis.

PubMed

Azoury, S C; Rodriguez-Unda, N; Soares, K C; Hicks, C W; Baltodano, P A; Poruk, K E; Hu, Q L; Cooney, C M; Cornell, P; Burce, K; Eckhauser, F E

2015-12-01

The authors evaluated the ability of a fibrin sealant (TISSEEL™: Baxter Healthcare Corp, Deerfield, IL, USA) to reduce the incidence of post-operative seroma following abdominal wall hernia repair. We performed a 4-year retrospective review of patients undergoing abdominal wall hernia repair, with and without TISSEEL, by a single surgeon (FEE) at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Demographics, surgical risk factors, operative data and 30-day outcomes, including wound complications and related interventions, were compared. The quantity and cost of Tisseel per case was reviewed. A total of 250 patients were evaluated: 127 in the TISSEEL group and 123 in the non-TISSEEL control group. The average age for both groups was 56.6 years (P = 0.97). The majority of patients were female (TISSEEL 52.8%, non-TISSEEL 56.1%, P = 0.59) and ASA Class III (TISSEEL 56.7%, non-TISSEEL 58.5%, P = 0.40). There was no difference in the average defect size for both groups (TISSEEL 217 ± 187.6 cm(2), non-TISSEEL 161.3 ± 141.5 cm(2), P = 0.36). Surgical site occurrences occurred in 18.1% of the TISSEEL and 13% of the non-TISSEEL group (P = 0.27). There was a trend towards an increased incidence of seroma in the TISSEEL group (TISSEEL 11%, non-TISSEEL 4.9%, P = 0.07). A total of $124,472.50 was spent on TISSEEL, at an average cost of $995.78 per case. In the largest study to date, TISSEEL™ application offered no advantage for the reduction of post-operative seroma formation following complex abdominal hernia repair. Moreover, the use of this sealant was associated with significant costs.

The aircraft energy efficiency active controls technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hood, R. V., Jr.

1977-01-01

Broad outlines of the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency Program for expediting the application of active controls technology to civil transport aircraft are presented. Advances in propulsion and airframe technology to cut down on fuel consumption and fuel costs, a program for an energy-efficient transport, and integrated analysis and design technology in aerodynamics, structures, and active controls are envisaged. Fault-tolerant computer systems and fault-tolerant flight control system architectures are under study. Contracts with leading manufacturers for research and development work on wing-tip extensions and winglets for the B-747, a wing load alleviation system, elastic mode suppression, maneuver-load control, and gust alleviation are mentioned.

Positive Technology for Healthy Living and Active Ageing.

PubMed

Riva, Giuseppe; Gaggioli, Andrea; Villani, Daniela; Cipresso, Pietro; Repetto, Claudia; Serino, Silvia; Triberti, Stefano; Brivio, Eleonora; Galimberti, Carlo; Graffigna, Guendalina

2014-01-01

Information and communication technologies are widely and rapidly spreading in people's daily lives. But what is the possible role of the mass proliferation of digital devices in supporting healthy living and active ageing? Are they useful in fostering personal growth and individual integration of the elderly, by promoting satisfaction, opportunities for action, and self-expression? Rather, do they enhance automation, impose constraints on personal initiative, and result in compulsive consumption of information? In this chapter, we suggest that possible answers to these questions will be offered by the "Positive Technology" approach, i.e., the scientific and applied approach to using technology so that it improves the quality of our personal experiences through its structuring, augmentation, and/or replacement. First, we suggest that it is possible to use technology to manipulate the quality of experience with the goal of increasing wellness and generating strengths and resilience in individuals, organizations, and society. Then, we classify positive technologies according to their effects on these three features of personal experience - Hedonic: technologies used to induce positive and pleasant experiences; Eudaimonic: technologies used to support individuals in reaching engaging and self-actualizing experiences; Social/Interpersonal: technologies used to support and improve the connectedness between individuals, groups, and organizations. Finally, we discuss the possible role of positive technologies for healthy living and active ageing by presenting different practical applications of this approach.

Emerging technologies in Si active photonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiaoxin; Liu, Jifeng

2018-06-01

Silicon photonics for synergistic electronic–photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key challenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging technologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss recent progress towards efficient monolithic Ge lasers, mid-infrared GeSn lasers, and high-performance InAs quantum dot lasers on Si for data center applications in the near future. We will then review novel modulator materials and devices beyond the free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si, including GeSi and graphene electro-absorption modulators and plasmonic-organic electro-optical modulators, to achieve ultralow power and high speed modulation. Finally, we discuss emerging photodetectors beyond epitaxial Ge p–i–n photodiodes, including GeSn mid-infrared photodetectors, all-Si plasmonic Schottky infrared photodetectors, and Si quanta image sensors for non-avalanche, low noise single photon detection and photon counting. These emerging technologies, though still under development, could make a significant impact on the future of large-scale electronicSilicon photonics for synergistic electronic-photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key challenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging technologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss recent

Stimulation of morphofunctional repair of the facial nerve with photobiomodulation, using the end-to-side technique or a new heterologous fibrin sealant.

PubMed

Rosso, Marcelie Priscila de Oliveira; Rosa Júnior, Geraldo Marco; Buchaim, Daniela Vieira; German, Iris Jasmin Santos; Pomini, Karina Torres; de Souza, Rafael Gomes; Pereira, Mizael; Favaretto Júnior, Idvaldo Aparecido; Bueno, Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza; Gonçalves, Jéssica Barbosa de Oliveira; Ferreira Júnior, Rui Seabra; Barraviera, Benedito; Andreo, Jesus Carlos; Buchaim, Rogério Leone

2017-10-01

This research evaluated the influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on lesions of the facial nerve repaired with the end-to-side technique or coaptation with a new heterologous fibrin sealant. Thirty-two Wistar rats were separated into 5 groups: Control group (CG), where the buccal branch of the facial nerve was collected; Experimental Suture Group (ESG) and Experimental Fibrin Group (EFG), in which the buccal branch was end-to-side sutured to the zygomatic branch on the right side of the face or coaptated with fibrin sealant on the left side; Experimental Suture Laser Group (ESLG) and Experimental Fibrin Laser Group (EFLG), in which the same procedures were performed as the ESG and EFG, associated with PBMT (wavelength of 830nm, energy density 6.2J/cm 2 , power output 30mW, beam area of 0.116cm 2 , power density 0.26W/cm 2 , total energy per session 2.16J, cumulative dose of 34.56J). The laser was applied for 24s/site at 3 points on the skin's surface, for a total application time of 72s, performed immediately after surgery and 3 times a week for 5weeks. A statistically significant difference was observed in the fiber nerve area between the EFG and EFLG (57.49±3.13 and 62.52±3.56μm 2 , respectively). For the area of the axon, fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin sheath area and myelin sheath thickness no statistically significant differences were found (p<0.05). The functional recovery of whisker movement occurred faster in the ESLG and EFLG, which were associated with PBMT, with results closer to the CG. Therefore, PBMT accelerated morphological and functional nerve repair in both techniques. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Secure closure of the tracheal incision after natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery with a surgical sealant (CoSeal).

PubMed

Liu, Yun-Hen; Wu, Yi-Cheng; Chen, Tzu-Ping; Ko, Po-Jen

2011-09-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical sealant (CoSeal) in sealing the tracheal assess sites after transtracheal thoracoscopy. Two dogs underwent transtracheal thoracic exploration and pericardial window creation. The thoracic cavity was approached with flexible bronchoscope through a 9-mm tracheal incision. The pericardial window was performed with a needle knife via the working channel of the bronchoscope, and the tracheal assess site was closed with CoSeal using a rubber catheter. The integrity of tracheal healing was evaluated under positive pressure ventilation. Transtracheal creation of pericardial window and closure of tracheal incision with CoSeal was successfully performed in both dogs. There was no evidence of air leaks from the chest tube during positive pressure ventilation. Autopsy revealed no injury to the mediastinum and intrathoracic structure. Endoscopic closure of tracheal access site of NOTES with CoSeal appears to be a feasible technique.

Silver microparticles plus fibrin tissue sealant prevents incisional hernias in rats.

PubMed

Primus, Frank E; Young, David M; Grenert, James P; Harris, Hobart W

2018-07-01

Open abdominal surgery is frequently complicated by the subsequent development of an incisional hernia. Consequently, more than 400,000 incisional hernia repairs are performed each year, adding over $15 billion per year to U.S. health-care expenditures. While the vast majority of studies have focused on improved surgical techniques or prosthetic materials, we examined the use of metallic silver microparticles to prevent incisional hernia formation through enhanced wound healing. A rodent incisional hernia model was used. Eighty-two rats were randomly placed into two control groups (saline alone and silver microparticles alone), and three experimental groups (0 mg/cm, 2.5 mg/cm, and 25 mg/cm of silver microparticles applied with a fibrin sealant). Incisional hernia incidence and size, tensile strength, and tissue histology were assessed after 28 days. A significant reduction of both incisional hernia incidence and hernia size was observed between the control groups and 2.5 mg/cm group, and between the control and 25 mg/cm group by nearly 60% and 90%, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological samples showed a noticeable increase in new fibrosis in the treated animals as compared with the controls, whereas the tensile strength between the groups did not differ. The novel approach of using silver microparticles to enhance wound healing appears to be a safe and effective method to prevent incisional hernias from developing and could herald a new era of medicinal silver use. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The impact of hydrophobic hernia mesh coating by omega fatty acid on atraumatic fibrin sealant fixation.

PubMed

Gruber-Blum, S; Brand, J; Keibl, C; Redl, H; Fortelny, R H; May, C; Petter-Puchner, A H

2015-08-01

Fibrin sealant (FS) is a safe and efficient fixation method in open intraperitoneal hernia repair. While favourable results have been achieved with hydrophilic meshes, hydrophobic (such as Omega fatty acid coated) meshes (OFM) have not been specifically assessed so far. Atrium C-qur lite(®) mesh was tested in rats in models of open onlay and intraperitoneal hernia repair. 44 meshes (2 × 2 cm) were implanted in 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats in open (n = 2 meshes per animal) and intraperitoneal technique (IPOM; n = 1 mesh per animal). Animals were randomised to four groups: onlay and IPOM sutured vs. sealed. Follow-up was 6 weeks, sutured groups serving as controls. Evaluation criteria were mesh dislocation, adhesions and foreign body reaction. FS provided a reliable fixation in onlay technique, whereas OFM meshes dislocated in the IPOM position when sealed only. FS mesh fixation was safe with OFM meshes in open onlay repair. Intraperitoneal placement of hydrophobic meshes requires additional fixation and cannot be achieved with FS alone.

Brain Activities and Educational Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riza, Emel

2002-01-01

There are close relationships between brain activities and educational technology. Brain is very important and so complicated part in our bodies. From long time scientists pay attention to that part and did many experiments, but they just reached little information like a drop in the sea. However from time to time they gave us some light to…

Technology, Mathematics and Activity Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lerman, Stephen

2013-01-01

This article describes 11 papers in which the authors report their research on technology as enhancement in the teaching and learning of mathematics, in the context of the application of activity theory for design and/or analysis. There is considerable diversity across the papers in how the authors have interpreted their task and in particular how…

Everyday Technology Use Related to Activity Involvement Among People in Cognitive Decline.

PubMed

Hedman, Annicka; Nygård, Louise; Kottorp, Anders

We investigated how everyday technology use related to activity involvement over 5 yr in people with mild cognitive impairment. Thirty-seven older adults with mild cognitive impairment were evaluated regarding everyday technology use and involvement in activities over time. Information on diagnostic changes was collected from medical files. Linear mixed-effects models were used in data analysis. Ability to use everyday technology showed a significant effect on activity involvement (p = .007) beyond the effects of time, diagnostic change, and age. Decreases in number of everyday technologies used (p < .001) and share of accessible and relevant everyday technologies used (p = .04) were associated with decreasing activity involvement. However, these two aspects did not reinforce each other. When monitoring activity involvement in clients with cognitive decline, health care professionals should take into account clients' ability to use everyday technologies and the amount of everyday technologies they use. Copyright © 2017 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

Future Technology Workshop: A Collaborative Method for the Design of New Learning Technologies and Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vavoula, Giasemi N.; Sharples, Mike

2007-01-01

We describe the future technology workshop (FTW), a method whereby people with everyday knowledge or experience in a specific area of technology use (such as using digital cameras) envision and design the interactions between current and future technology and activity. Through a series of structured workshop sessions, participants collaborate to…

NASA Stennis Space Center Test Technology Branch Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Solano, Wanda M.

2000-01-01

This paper provides a short history of NASA Stennis Space Center's Test Technology Laboratory and briefly describes the variety of engine test technology activities and developmental project initiatives. Theoretical rocket exhaust plume modeling, acoustic monitoring and analysis, hand held fire imaging, heat flux radiometry, thermal imaging and exhaust plume spectroscopy are all examples of current and past test activities that are briefly described. In addition, recent efforts and visions focused on accomodating second, third, and fourth generation flight vehicle engine test requirements are discussed.

A status of the Turbine Technology Team activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Griffin, Lisa W.

1992-01-01

The recent activities of the Turbine Technology Team of the Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Application in Propulsion Technology is presented. The team consists of members from the government, industry, and universities. The goal of this team is to demonstrate the benefits to the turbine design process attainable through the application of CFD. This goal is to be achieved by enhancing and validating turbine design tools for improved loading and flowfield definition and loss prediction, and transferring the advanced technology to the turbine design process. In order to demonstrate the advantages of using CFD early in the design phase, the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) turbines for the National Launch System (NLS) were chosen on which to focus the team's efforts. The Turbine Team activities run parallel to the STME design work.

76 FR 6839 - ActiveCore Technologies, Inc., Battery Technologies, Inc., China Media1 Corp., Dura Products...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-08

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] ActiveCore Technologies, Inc., Battery Technologies, Inc., China Media1 Corp., Dura Products International, Inc. (n/k/a Dexx Corp.), Global Mainframe... Battery Technologies, Inc. because it has not filed any periodic reports since the period ended December...

Diagnostic Care: Grade 9. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Level 2. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This Technology Learning Activity (TLA) on exploring diagnostic care careers for Grade 9 is designed for use in eight class periods. It gives students experience in using standard health care equipment to perform basic diagnostic procedures. This teacher's edition begins with an overview of technology education. The second section describes…

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) MITIGATION AND MONITORING TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE: ACTIVITIES OF THE GHG TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION CENTER

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and monitoring technology performance activities of the GHG Technology Verification Center. The Center is a public/private partnership between Southern Research Institute and the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development. It...

Marshall Space Flight Center ECLSS technology activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wieland, Paul

1990-01-01

Viewgraphs on Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) technology activities are presented. Topics covered include: analytical development; ECLSS modeling approach; example of water reclamation modeling needs; and hardware development and testing.

Robotics in space-age manufacturing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Chip

1991-01-01

Robotics technologies are developed to improve manufacturing of space hardware. The following applications of robotics are covered: (1) welding for the space shuttle and space station Freedom programs; (2) manipulation of high-pressure water for shuttle solid rocket booster refurbishment; (3) automating the application of insulation materials; (4) precision application of sealants; and (5) automation of inspection procedures. Commercial robots are used for these development programs, but they are teamed with advanced sensors, process controls, and computer simulation to form highly productive manufacturing systems. Many of the technologies are also being actively pursued in private sector manufacturing operations.

Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center Low-Activity Waste Process Technology Program, FY-98 Status Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herbst, A.K.; Rogers, A.Z.; McCray, J.A.

The Low-Activity Waste Process Technology Program at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) anticipates that large volumes of low-level/low-activity wastes will need to be grouted prior to near-surface disposal. During fiscal year 1998, three grout formulations were studied for low-activity wastes derived from INTEC liquid sodium-bearing waste. Compressive strength and leach results are presented for phosphate bonding cement, acidic grout, and alkaline grout formulations. In an additional study, grout formulations are recommended for stabilization of the INTEC underground storage tank residual heels.

Remineralization Capacity of Three Fissure Sealants with and without Gaseous Ozone on Non-Cavitated Incipient Pit and Fissure Caries.

PubMed

Unal, M; Oztas, N

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the remineralization activation of the application of three fissure sealants (FSs), alone or with gaseous ozone (GO), on non-cavitated initial caries and evaluate the clinical success of FS. Sixty children who had DIAGNOdent scores between 10-30 on bilateral symmetric mandibular first permanent molars were included in study. In a split-mouth design, teeth were assigned to experimental (with GO) and control (without GO) groups. GO was applied to teeth on one side and then the same brand of randomly selected FSs was applied to the teeth on both sides. Children were divided into 3 groups based on type of FS (Group 1: Aegis {Bosworth Co, North Hamlin Avenue Skokie, Illinois, USA}, Group 2: Fuji Triage {GC, Tokyo, Japan}, Group 3: Helioseal {Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany}). All FSs were then examined for retention rates at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; at the end of 12 months, all FSs were removed with an air-abrasion device and DIAGNOdent scores noted to compare with the initial values. The application of GO with either Fuji Triage or Aegis FS was effective on remineralization (p<0.05); however, the application of Helioseal FSs was not effective (p>0.05). The 1(st) and 12(th) months' full retention rates of Fuji Triage FSs was a significant difference (p<0.05) from other FSs (Aegis and Helioseal) (p>0.05). GO+Aegis FS showed the highest remineralization; and, at the end of 12 months, its clinical success was higher than other FSs.

Teachers as Co-Designers of Technology-Rich Learning Activities for Early Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cviko, Amina; McKenney, Susan; Voogt, Joke

2015-01-01

Although kindergarten teachers often struggle with implementing technology, they are rarely involved in co-designing technology-rich learning activities. This study involved teachers in the co-design of technology-rich learning activities and sought to explore implementation and pupil learning outcomes. A case-study method was used to investigate:…

Evaluation of a fissure sealant program as part of community-based teaching and training.

PubMed

van Wyk, Philippus J; Kroon, Jeroen; White, John G

2004-01-01

Since 1995 the Department of Community Dentistry of the University of Pretoria has been involved in the rendering of mobile primary oral health care services to children in the Hammanskraal area of Gauteng, South Africa, as part of their students' community-based training. Mokonyama Primary School was identified as the first school where a primary oral health care service could be rendered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact (outcomes) of a fissure sealant program on the dentition status of the school children. Seven years after the implementation of the program, the dentition status of children at Mokonyama was compared with that of a comparable group of children from the same area who were not exposed to the program. The results showed that the decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft) in the six-year-old group in Mokonyama (1.74) did not differ significantly from the dmft (1.43) of the control group (p = 0.49). The decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition (DMFT) of 0.59 for the fifteen-year-old group in Mokonyama, however, differed significantly (p = 0.0001) from the DMFT of the control group (2.38). Fifteen-year-old children in Mokonyama had 75.2 percent fewer caries than their counterparts in the control group.

Promoting Technology-Assisted Active Learning in Computer Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gao, Jinzhu; Hargis, Jace

2010-01-01

This paper describes specific active learning strategies for teaching computer science, integrating both instructional technologies and non-technology-based strategies shown to be effective in the literature. The theoretical learning components addressed include an intentional method to help students build metacognitive abilities, as well as…

Nuclear Concepts & Technological Issues Institute: Teacher Activity Booklet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davison, Candace C., Ed.; Lunetta, Lois W., Ed.

For many summers the Radiation Science and Engineering Center at Pennsylvania State University has been the site of a Nuclear Concepts and Technological Issues Institute for secondary school science teachers. As a culminating activity of the institute teachers develop lesson plans, laboratory experiments, demonstrations, or other activities and…

Canadian Activities in Space Debris Mitigation Technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikanpour, Darius; Jiang, Xin Xiang; Goroshin, Samuel; Haddad, Emile; Kruzelecky, Roman; Hoa, Suong; Merle, Philippe; Kleiman, Jacob; Gendron, Stephane; Higgins, Andrew; Jamroz, Wes

The space environment, and in particular the Low Earth Orbit (LEO), is becoming increasingly populated with space debris which include fragments of dysfunctional spacecraft parts and materials traveling at speeds up to 15 km per second. These pose an escalating potential threat to LEO spacecraft, the international space station, and manned missions. This paper presents the Canadian activities to address the concerns over space debris in terms of debris mitigation measures and technologies; these include novel spacecraft demise technologies to safely decommission the spacecraft at the end of the mission, integrated self-healing material technologies for spacecraft structures to facilitate self-repair and help maintain the spacecraft structural and thermal performance, hypervelocity ground test capability to predict the impact of space debris on spacecraft performance, and ways of raising awareness within the space community through participation in targeted Science and Technology conferences and international forums.

JPL CMOS Active Pixel Sensor Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fossum, E. R.

1995-01-01

This paper will present the JPL-developed complementary metal- oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) technology. The CMOS APS has achieved performance comparable to charge coupled devices, yet features ultra low power operation, random access readout, on-chip timing and control, and on-chip analog to digital conversion. Previously published open literature will be reviewed.

Automated entry technologies for confined space work activities: A survey.

PubMed

Botti, Lucia; Ferrari, Emilio; Mora, Cristina

2017-04-01

Work in confined spaces poses a significant risk to workers and rescuers involved in the emergency response when an accident occurs. Despite several standards and regulations define the safety requirements for such activities, injuries, and fatalities still occur. Furthermore, the on-site inspections after accidents often reveal that both employers and employees fail to implement safe entry procedures. Removing the risk is possible by avoiding the worker entry, but many activities require the presence of the operator inside the confined space to perform manual tasks. The following study investigates the available technologies for hazardous confined space work activities, e.g., cleaning, inspecting, and maintenance tasks. The aim is to provide a systematic review of the automated solutions for high-risk activities in confined spaces, considering the non-man entry as the most effective confined space safety strategy. Second, this survey aims to provide suggestions for future research addressing the design of new technologies. The survey consists of about 60 papers concerning innovative technologies for confined space work activities. The document review shows that several solutions have been developed and automation can replace the workers for a limited number of hazardous tasks. Several activities still require the manual intervention due to the complex characteristics of confined spaces, e.g., to remove the remains of the automatic cleaning process from the bottom of a tank. The results show that available technologies require more flexibility to adapt to such occupational environments and further research is needed.

Application of active controls technology to the NASA Jet Star airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lange, R. H.; Cahill, J. F.; Campion, M. C.; Bradley, E. S.; Macwilkinson, D. G.; Phillips, J. W.

1975-01-01

The feasibility was studied of modifying a Jet Star airplane into a demonstrator of benefits to be achieved from incorporating active control concepts in the preliminary design of transport type aircraft. Substantial benefits are shown in terms of fuel economy and community noise by virtue of reduction in induced drag through use of a high aspect ratio wing which is made possible by a gust alleviation system. An intermediate configuration was defined which helps to isolate the benefits produced by active controls technology from those due to other configuration variables. Also, an alternate configuration which incorporated composite structures, but not active controls technology, was defined in order to compare the benefits of composite structures with those of active controls technology.

Active assistance technology for health-related behavior change: an interdisciplinary review.

PubMed

Kennedy, Catriona M; Powell, John; Payne, Thomas H; Ainsworth, John; Boyd, Alan; Buchan, Iain

2012-06-14

Information technology can help individuals to change their health behaviors. This is due to its potential for dynamic and unbiased information processing enabling users to monitor their own progress and be informed about risks and opportunities specific to evolving contexts and motivations. However, in many behavior change interventions, information technology is underused by treating it as a passive medium focused on efficient transmission of information and a positive user experience. To conduct an interdisciplinary literature review to determine the extent to which the active technological capabilities of dynamic and adaptive information processing are being applied in behavior change interventions and to identify their role in these interventions. We defined key categories of active technology such as semantic information processing, pattern recognition, and adaptation. We conducted the literature search using keywords derived from the categories and included studies that indicated a significant role for an active technology in health-related behavior change. In the data extraction, we looked specifically for the following technology roles: (1) dynamic adaptive tailoring of messages depending on context, (2) interactive education, (3) support for client self-monitoring of behavior change progress, and (4) novel ways in which interventions are grounded in behavior change theories using active technology. The search returned 228 potentially relevant articles, of which 41 satisfied the inclusion criteria. We found that significant research was focused on dialog systems, embodied conversational agents, and activity recognition. The most covered health topic was physical activity. The majority of the studies were early-stage research. Only 6 were randomized controlled trials, of which 4 were positive for behavior change and 5 were positive for acceptability. Empathy and relational behavior were significant research themes in dialog systems for behavior change, with

The technology - activities of daily living questionnaire: a version with a technology-related subscale.

PubMed

Muñoz-Neira, Carlos; López, Oscar L; Riveros, Rodrigo; Núñez-Huasaf, Javier; Flores, Patricia; Slachevsky, Andrea

2012-01-01

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an increasingly important part of daily life. The ability to use technology is becoming essential for autonomous functioning in society. Current functional scales for patients with cognitive impairment do not evaluate the use of technology. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new version of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) that incorporates an ICT subscale. A new technology-based subscale was incorporated into the Spanish version of the ADLQ (SV-ADLQ), entitled the Technology version of the ADLQ (T-ADLQ). The T-ADLQ was administered to 63 caregivers of dementia patients, 21 proxies of mild cognitive impairment patients and 44 proxies of normal elderly subjects (mean age of the sample ± SD: 73.5 ± 8.30 years). We analysed the convergent validity, internal consistency, reliability cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of the T-ADLQ. The results of the T-ADLQ were compared to the SV-ADLQ. The T-ADLQ showed significant correlations with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) as well as other measures of functional impairment and dementia severity (MMSE: r = -0.70; FAB: r = -0.65; Functional Assessment Questionnaire: r = 0.77; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale: r = -0.75; Clinical Dementia Rating Scale: r = 0.72; p < 0.001). The T-ADLQ showed a good reliability with a relatively high Cronbach's α-coefficient (Cronbach's α = 0.861). When considering a functional impairment cut-off point greater than 29.25%, the sensitivity and specificity of the T-ADLQ were 82 and 90%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.937 for the T-ADLQ and 0.932 for the original version of the test. The T-ADLQ revealed adequate indicators of validity and reliability for the functional assessment of activities of daily living in dementia patients. However, the inclusion of technology items in the T

Economic impact of stimulated technological activity. Part 1: Overall economic impact of technological progress: Its measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

Investigations were performed at the national economic level to explore the aggregate effects of technological progress on economic growth. Inadequacies in existing marco-economic yardsticks forced the study to focus on the cost savings effects achieved through technological progress. The central questions discussed in this report cover: (1) role of technological progress in economic growth, (2) factors determining the rate of economic growth due to technological progress; (3) quantitative measurements of relationships between technological progress, its determinants, and subsequent economic growth; and (4) effects of research and development activities of the space program. For Part 2, see N72-32174.

Neutron-Activated Gamma-Emission: Technology Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) January 2012 2. REPORT TYPE Progress 3... DATES COVERED (From - To) January to March 2010 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Neutron-Activated Gamma-Emission: Technology Review 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER...Backscatter Analysis Techniques........................................................................13 3. Sources of Neutrons 15 3.1 Radioisotope

Technologies to measure and modify physical activity and eating environments.

PubMed

King, Abby C; Glanz, Karen; Patrick, Kevin

2015-05-01

The explosion of technologic advances in information capture and delivery offers unparalleled opportunities to assess and modify built and social environments in ways that can positively impact health behaviors. This paper highlights some potentially transformative current and emerging trends in the technology arena applicable to environmental context-based assessment and intervention relevant to physical activity and dietary behaviors. A team of experts convened in 2013 to discuss the main issues related to technology use in assessing and changing built environments for health behaviors particularly relevant to obesity prevention. Each expert was assigned a specific domain to describe, commensurate with their research and expertise in the field, along with examples of specific applications. This activity was accompanied by selective examination of published literature to cover the main issues and elucidate relevant applications of technologic tools and innovations in this field. Decisions concerning which technology examples to highlight were reached through discussion and consensus-building among the team of experts. Two levels of impact are highlighted: the "me" domain, which primarily targets measurement and intervention activities aimed at individual-level behaviors and their surrounding environments; and the "we" domain, which generally focuses on aggregated data aimed at groups and larger population segments and locales. The paper ends with a set of challenges and opportunities for significantly advancing the field. Key areas for progress include data collection and expansion, managing technologic considerations, and working across sectors to maximize the population potential of behavioral health technologies. Copyright © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Scientific and Technological Information Activity in China (White Paper on Science and Technology : No.1, 1986.5)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Translated By Joho Kanri Editorial Committee

This is a translation of Chapter 4 : Information Systems of Volume 5 : Environment and Resources in the first number of White Paper on Science and Technology edited in May 1986 by State Scientific and Technological Commission (SSTC). Scientific and technological information activity in China has progressed by keeping close cooperation among the Institute for Scientific and Technological Information in China (ISTIC) as a core organization, 33 information institutes under the control of each ministrial commission of The State Council and 35 information institutes of the local governments and cities. As a result of having promoted the information activities along with the guiding principle decided by the 5th National Conference on Scientific and Technological Information in July 1980, information business could be made a great contribution to political decision, national projects and economy stressing plan, technology introduction, etc. The Scientific and Technological Information Bureau of SSTC as a coordinating body proposed the following subjects as an important item for promoting future information business in China: standardization of abstract journals, bringing up of investigators and researchers, production of data bases and consolidation of international online retrieval services, step by step introduction of a charging system for information service, etc.

Understanding Chemistry Professors' Use of Educational Technologies: An Activity Theoretical Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahveci, Ajda; Gilmer, Penny J.; Southerland, Sherry A.

2008-01-01

The aim of this study is to understand the influences on chemistry professors' use of educational technology. For this, we use activity theory to focus on two university chemistry professors and the broader activity system in which they work. We analyse their beliefs and past experiences related to teaching, learning, and technology as well as…

Active Assistance Technology for Health-Related Behavior Change: An Interdisciplinary Review

PubMed Central

Kennedy, Catriona M; Powell, John; Payne, Thomas H; Ainsworth, John; Boyd, Alan

2012-01-01

Background Information technology can help individuals to change their health behaviors. This is due to its potential for dynamic and unbiased information processing enabling users to monitor their own progress and be informed about risks and opportunities specific to evolving contexts and motivations. However, in many behavior change interventions, information technology is underused by treating it as a passive medium focused on efficient transmission of information and a positive user experience. Objective To conduct an interdisciplinary literature review to determine the extent to which the active technological capabilities of dynamic and adaptive information processing are being applied in behavior change interventions and to identify their role in these interventions. Methods We defined key categories of active technology such as semantic information processing, pattern recognition, and adaptation. We conducted the literature search using keywords derived from the categories and included studies that indicated a significant role for an active technology in health-related behavior change. In the data extraction, we looked specifically for the following technology roles: (1) dynamic adaptive tailoring of messages depending on context, (2) interactive education, (3) support for client self-monitoring of behavior change progress, and (4) novel ways in which interventions are grounded in behavior change theories using active technology. Results The search returned 228 potentially relevant articles, of which 41 satisfied the inclusion criteria. We found that significant research was focused on dialog systems, embodied conversational agents, and activity recognition. The most covered health topic was physical activity. The majority of the studies were early-stage research. Only 6 were randomized controlled trials, of which 4 were positive for behavior change and 5 were positive for acceptability. Empathy and relational behavior were significant research themes in

An observational cohort study on persistency of internal teat sealant residues in milk after calving in dairy cows.

PubMed

Kabera, Fidèle; Dufour, Simon; Keefe, Greg; Roy, Jean-Philippe

2018-04-04

Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of quarters with an observable internal teat sealant (ITS) plug at first milking following calving and investigate persistency of ITS residues in milk after calving. An observational cohort study was carried out on 557 quarters of 156 cows treated with ITS in 6 farms in Quebec, Canada. The presence of an ITS plug at first milking and ITS residues in milk at each milking were observed by producers. The effects of various factors on the odds of observing an ITS plug and persistency of ITS residues in milk were studied using generalized logistic mixed and generalized negative binomial mixed models, respectively. Milk samples were taken on the day before dry-off and on 2 occasions after calving for bacterial identification to detect intramammary infection (IMI) using bacteriological culture followed by MALDI-TOF identification. The association between the absence of an ITS plug and the presence of new IMI was assessed using a mixed logistic regression model. Internal teat sealant plugs after calving were more often observed in rear quarters and in quarters receiving ITS alone at drying-off versus antimicrobial and ITS. We observed an average (standard deviation) persistency of 4.0 d (2.3 d). When an ITS plug was still present at first milking (83% of quarters), the elimination of ITS residues in milk after calving was significantly longer (4.5 d, on average) compared with 1.2 d when an ITS plug was absent. In cows with an ITS plug at calving, we observed a higher number of days of excretion in older cows. When a plug could not be observed, rear quarters, older cows, and cows with a long dry period duration excreted ITS residues for a significantly longer period. The lack of a significant association between the absence of a plug and the odds of new IMI at calving suggests that despite the loss of the plug, cows were still protected against new IMI. Although we were able to highlight some statistically significant risk

Manufacturing Technology for Apparel Automation. Phase 1, 2 and 3 Activity.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-15

A189 129 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR APPAREL AUTOMATION PHASE I t/l 2 AND I ACTIVITY(U) NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV ATRALEIGH SCHOOL OF TEXTILES E M...34III 1.8 - iai T ON HART St 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MTC FILE coax Report: NCSU/DLA-87/2 CDRL A004 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR APPAREL...I Report: NCSU/DLA-87/2 CDRL A004 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR APPAREL AUTOMATION Phase I, II and III Activity Edwin M. McPherson North Carolina

Active and Passive Technology Integration: A Novel Approach for Managing Technology's Influence on Learning Experiences in Context-Aware Learning Spaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laine, Teemu H.; Nygren, Eeva

2016-01-01

Technology integration is the process of overcoming different barriers that hinder efficient utilisation of learning technologies. The authors divide technology integration into two components based on technology's role in the integration process. In active integration, the technology integrates learning resources into a learning space, making it…

Wound healing and degradation of the fibrin sealant Beriplast P following partial liver resection in rabbits.

PubMed

Kroez, Monika; Lang, Wiegand; Dickneite, Gerhard

2005-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the degradation kinetics of the fibrin sealant (FS) Beriplast P in an experimental liver surgery model in rabbits. A partial liver resection was performed in 21 rabbits, and the wound area covered with Beriplast P to ensure hemostasis. Wound healing of the resection sites was evaluated morphologically over 11 weeks. Degradation of the FS was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the remaining fibrin layer. Plasma samples were analyzed for antibodies against fibrinogen, albumin, thrombin, fibrin, and factor XIII. No postoperative hemorrhage was observed, indicating successful hemostasis throughout. The FS was degraded with a half-life of about 25 days postapplication and was completely replaced by granulation tissue within 9 weeks. The FS degradation and tissue development followed the general stages of wound healing: inflammation and resorption, proliferation, organization and production of collagen, maturation, and scarring. An immune reaction was elicited against the main four human proteins of the FS. The antibody titers peaked on day 14, with a gradual decrease thereafter. We conclude that the FS accomplished hemostasis, facilitated healing in accordance with natural processes, and was completely degraded over time. In humans, the reduced immunogenicity of the FS would potentially increase its degradation half-life.

Usefulness of a New Gelatin Glue Sealant System for Dural Closure in a Rat Durotomy Model

PubMed Central

KAWAI, Hisashi; NAKAGAWA, Ichiro; NISHIMURA, Fumihiko; MOTOYAMA, Yasushi; PARK, Young-Su; NAKAMURA, Mitsutoshi; NAKASE, Hiroyuki; SUZUKI, Shuko; IKADA, Yoshito

2014-01-01

Watertight dural closure is imperative after neurosurgical procedures, because inadequately treated leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can have serious consequences. We used a rat durotomy model to test the usefulness of a new gelatin glue as a dural sealant in a rat model of transdural CSF leakage. All rats were randomly divided into one of the following three treatment groups: no application (control group: N = 18), application of fibrin glue (fibrin glue group: N = 18), and application of the new gelatin glue (new gelatin glue group: N = 18). The craniotomy side was re-opened, and CSF leakage was checked and recorded at 1, 7, and 28 days postoperatively. The new gelatin glue was adequate for stopping CSF leakage; no leakage was observed at postoperative days 1 or 7, and leakage was observed in only one rat at postoperative day 28. This result was statistically significant when compared to the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.015, P = 0.015, respectively). The pathologic score of the new gelatin group was not different from that of the control or fibrin glue groups. We conclude that our new gelatin glue provides effective watertight closure 1, 7, and 28 days after operation in the rat durotomy model. PMID:25070015

Application of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for occupational therapy research.

PubMed

Giesbrecht, Ed

2013-08-01

Theoretical models provide a framework for describing practice and integrating evidence into systematic research. There are few models that relate specifically to the provision of assistive technology in occupational therapy practice. The Human Activity Assistive Technology model is an enduring example that has continued to develop by integrating a social model of disability, concepts from occupational therapy theory and principles of assistive technology adoption and abandonment. This study first describes the core concepts of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model and reviews its development over three successive published versions. A review of the research literature reflects application of the model to clinical practice, study design, outcome measure selection and interpretation of results, particularly among occupational therapists. An evaluative framework is used to critique the adequacy of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for practice and research, exploring attributes of clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility and importance. Finally, recommendations are proposed for continued development of the model and research applications. Most of the existing research literature employs the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for background and study design; there is emerging evidence to support the core concepts as predictive factors. Although the concepts are generally simple, clear and applicable to occupational therapy practice and research, evolving terminology and outcomes become more complex with the conflation of integrated theories. The development of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model offers enhanced access and application for occupational therapists, but poses challenges to clarity among concepts. Suggestions are made for further development and applications of the model. © 2013 Occupational Therapy Australia.

High-temperature mechanical properties of a solid oxide fuel cell glass sealant in sintered forms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Hsiu-Tao; Lin, Chih-Kuang; Liu, Chien-Kuo; Wu, Szu-Han

High-temperature mechanical properties of a silicate-based glass sealant (GC-9) for planar solid oxide fuel cell have been studied in sintered forms. Ring-on-ring biaxial flexural tests are carried out at room temperature to 800 °C for the sintered GC-9 glass. The results are also compared with those in cast bulk forms. From the force-displacement curves, the glass transition temperature (T g) of the non-aged, sintered GC-9 glass is estimated to be between 700 °C and 750 °C, while that of the aged one is between 750 °C and 800 °C. Due to a crack healing effect of the residual glass at high temperature, the flexural strength of the sintered GC-9 glass at temperature of 650 °C to T g point is greater than that at room temperature. At temperature above T g, the flexural strength and stiffness are considerably reduced to a level lower than the room-temperature one. The sintered GC-9 glass with pores and crystalline phases has a flexural strength lower than the cast bulk one at temperature of 650 °C and below. Due to a greater extent of crystallization, the flexural strength and stiffness of the sintered GC-9 glass are greater than those of the cast bulk one at 700-800 °C.

Storytelling: a care technology in continuing education for active ageing.

PubMed

Costa, Nadia Pinheiro da; Polaro, Sandra Helena Isse; Vahl, Eloá Aparecida Caliari; Gonçalves, Lucia Hisako Takase

2016-01-01

assessing relevance and effectiveness of care/educational technology in the form of "storytelling" as a strategy in the cultivation of active ageing (AA) for elderly users of a Basic Health Unit (BHU), from the Amazon region. convergent care research (CCR) held in a BHU in Belém, state of Pará, with eight elderly ladies for testing this technology. An active ageing assessment questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF - quality of life assessment were applied. After training with a view to continuing education, elderly ladies told stories for an audience that addressed the question: "What did you learn from it for your life?" tThe popular stories elicited reactions from which the following categories emerged: solidarity; respect for the other; imagination, dreams, hopes and culture of the Amazonian. This practice had a positive result, producing changes in the quality of life of the elderly, particularly in the psychological domain. "storytelling" proved to be an innovative technology, a relevant and effective resource in health education, especially for active ageing.

Field Trial of an Aerosol-Based Enclosure Sealing Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, Curtis; Springer, David

2015-09-01

This report presents the results from several demonstrations of a new method for sealing building envelope air leaks using an aerosol sealing process developed by the Western Cooling Efficiency Center at UC Davis. The process involves pressurizing a building while applying an aerosol sealant to the interior. As air escapes through leaks in the building envelope, the aerosol particles are transported to the leaks where they collect and form a seal that blocks the leak. Standard blower door technology is used to facilitate the building pressurization, which allows the installer to track the sealing progress during the installation and automaticallymore » verify the final building tightness. Each aerosol envelope sealing installation was performed after drywall was installed and taped, and the process did not appear to interrupt the construction schedule or interfere with other trades working in the homes. The labor needed to physically seal bulk air leaks in typical construction will not be replaced by this technology. However, this technology is capable of bringing the air leakage of a building that was built with standard construction techniques and HERS-verified sealing down to levels that would meet DOE Zero Energy Ready Homes program requirements. When a developer is striving to meet a tighter envelope leakage specification, this technology could greatly reduce the cost to achieve that goal by providing a simple and relatively low cost method for reducing the air leakage of a building envelope with little to no change in their common building practices.« less

Using Scientific Detective Videos to Support the Design of Technology Learning Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Kuang-Chao; Fan, Szu-Chun; Tsai, Fu-Hsing; Chu, Yih-hsien

2013-01-01

This article examines the effect of scientific detective video as a vehicle to support the design of technology activities by technology teachers. Ten graduate students, including current and future technology teachers, participated in a required technology graduate course that used scientific detective videos as a pedagogical tool to motivate…

Experimental research of technology activating catalysts for SCR DeNOx in boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Xi; Yang, Zhengde; Li, Yan; Chen, Donglin

2018-01-01

In order to improve activity of the catalysts used in SCR DeNOx system of flue gas, a series of catalysts activated by different activating liquids under varied conditions in boiler directly were conducted. Then these catalysts were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and BET technology. And NO conversions of the activated catalysts were studied and compared with that of inactivated catalyst. The above experiment shows that NO conversion of the activated catalyst can be up to 99%, which 30% higher than that of inactivated catalyst, so activity of catalysts were improved greatly. Furthermore, optimal activating liquid labeled L2 and effective technology parameters were gained in the experiment.

Education Technologies in Addressing the Problem of Forming the Socially Active Individual

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popova, Irina N.

2016-01-01

The article is devoted to the analysis of technological support of the educational process in solving the problem of forming the socially active individual. The authors studied the value of the category "social activity" and analyzed educational technologies that have an impact on its formation. The obtained results gave the possibility…

78 FR 64937 - Pesticide Products; Registration Applications for New Active Ingredients

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

...) 305-7090, email address: [email protected] ; Robert McNally, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention... non-food use on fibers, carpet, films, plastics, coatings, laminates, adhesives and sealants. (AD) 7...

Active controls technology to maximize structural efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoy, J. M.; Arnold, J. M.

1978-01-01

The implication of the dependence on active controls technology during the design phase of transport structures is considered. Critical loading conditions are discussed along with probable ways of alleviating these loads. Why fatigue requirements may be critical and can only be partially alleviated is explained. The significance of certain flutter suppression system criteria is examined.

FENTON-DRIVEN REGENERATION OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON: A TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

EPA Science Inventory

A Fenton-driven mechanism for regenerating spent granular activated carbon (GAC) involves the combined, synergistic use of two reliable and well established treatment technologies - adsorption onto activated carbon and Fenton oxidation. During carbon adsorption treatment, enviro...

Active Learning in Secondary Schools: Educational Media and Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Page, Marilyn

The incorporation of media and technology into the classroom does not ensure the enhancement of student learning. Research has shown that students learn more through active participation in their own learning process. From 1984 to 1987, a teacher's secondary social studies students were actively involved in the National History Day Program (NHDP),…

Geographic Information Technologies as an outreach activity in geo-scientific education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maman, Shimrit; Isaacson, Sivan; Blumberg, Dan G.

2016-04-01

In recent years, a decline in the rates of examinees in the academic track that were entitled to an enhanced matriculation certificate in scientific-technological education was reported in Israel. To confront this problem the Earth and Planetary Image Facility (EPIF) at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev fosters interdisciplinary exploration through educational programs that make use of the facility and its equipment and enable the empowerment of the community by understanding and appreciating science and technology. This is achieved by using Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) such as remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for geo-physical sciences in activities that combine theoretical background with hands-on activities. Monitoring Earth from space by satellites, digital atlases and virtual-based positioning applications are examples for fusion of spatial information (geographic) and technology that the activity is based on. GIT opens a new chapter and a recent history of Cartography starting from the collection of spatial data to its presentation and analysis. GIS have replaced the use of classical atlas books and offer a variety of Web-based applications that provide maps and display up-to-date imagery. The purpose of this workshop is to expose teachers and students to GITs which are applicable in every classroom. The activity imparts free geographic information systems that exist in cyberspace and accessible to single users as the Israeli national GIS and Google earth, which are based on a spatial data and long term local and global satellite imagery coverage. In this paper, our "Think global-Map Local" activity is presented. The activity uses GIS and change detection technologies as means to encourage students to explore environmental issues both around the globe and close to their surroundings. The students detect changes by comparing multi temporal images of a chosen site and learn how to map the alterations and produce change

CMOS Active Pixel Sensor Technology and Reliability Characterization Methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Yuan; Guertin, Steven M.; Pain, Bedabrata; Kayaii, Sammy

2006-01-01

This paper describes the technology, design features and reliability characterization methodology of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor. Both overall chip reliability and pixel reliability are projected for the imagers.

Social technology restriction alters state-anxiety but not autonomic activity in humans.

PubMed

Durocher, John J; Lufkin, Kelly M; King, Michelle E; Carter, Jason R

2011-12-01

Social technology is extensively used by young adults throughout the world, and it has been suggested that interrupting access to this technology induces anxiety. However, the influence of social technology restriction on anxiety and autonomic activity in young adults has not been formally examined. Therefore, we hypothesized that restriction of social technology would increase state-anxiety and alter neural cardiovascular regulation of arterial blood pressure. Twenty-one college students (age 18-23 yr) were examined during two consecutive weeks in which social technology use was normal or restricted (randomized crossover design). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured at rest and during several classic autonomic stressors, including isometric handgrip, postexercise muscle ischemia, cold pressor test, and mental stress. Tertile analysis revealed that restriction of social technology was associated with increases (12 ± 2 au; range 5 to 21; n = 7), decreases (-6 ± 2 au; range -2 to -11; n = 6), or no change (0 ± 0 au; range -1 to 3; n = 8) in state-anxiety. Social technology restriction did not alter MAP (74 ± 1 vs. 73 ± 1 mmHg), heart rate (62 ± 2 vs. 61 ± 2 beats/min), or MSNA (9 ± 1 vs. 9 ± 1 bursts/min) at rest, and it did not alter neural or cardiovascular responses to acute stressors. In conclusion, social technology restriction appears to have an interindividual influence on anxiety, but not autonomic activity. It remains unclear how repeated bouts, or chronic restriction of social technology, influence long-term psychological and cardiovascular health.

Effects of a Fibrin Sealant on Skin Graft Tissue Adhesion in a Rodent Model.

PubMed

Balceniuk, Mark D; Wingate, Nicholas A; Krein, Howard; Curry, Joseph; Cognetti, David; Heffelfiner, Ryan; Luginbuhl, Adam

2016-07-01

To establish a rodent model for skin grafting with fibrin glue and examine the effects of fibrin glue on the adhesive strength of skin grafts without bolsters. Animal cohort. Academic hospital laboratory. Three skin grafts were created using a pneumatic microtome on the dorsum of 12 rats. Rats were evenly divided into experimental (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. The experimental group received a thin layer of fibrin glue between the graft and wound bed, and the control group was secured with standard bolsters. Adherence strength of the skin graft was tested by measurement of force required to sheer the graft from the recipient wound. Adhesion strength measurements were taken on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, and 3. The experimental group required an average force of 719 g on POD1, 895 g on POD2, and 676 g on POD3, while the average force in the control group was 161 g on POD1, 257 g on POD2, and 267 g on POD3. On each of the 3 PODs, there was a significant difference in adherence strength between the experimental and control groups (P = .036, P = .029, P = .024). There is a significant difference in the adhesion strength of skin grafts to the wound bed in the early postoperative period of the 2 groups. In areas of high mobility, using the fibrin sealant can keep the graft immobile during the critical phases of early healing. © American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2016.

Improvement of the tissue-adhesive and sealing effect of fibrin sealant using polyglycolic acid felt.

PubMed

Shinya, Noriko; Oka, Shirou; Miyabashira, Sumika; Kaetsu, Hiroshi; Uchida, Takanori; Sueyoshi, Masuo; Takase, Kozo; Akuzawa, Masao; Miyamoto, Atsushi; Shigaki, Takamichi

2009-01-01

Although fibrin sealant (FS) has an advantage of high biocompatibility, its adhesive force and sealing effect have been generally considered to be inadequate. In the present study, a high adhesive force and sealing effect were obtained by first rubbing fibrinogen solution into the target tissue, attaching polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt to the treated area, and finally spraying it with FS. This method was compared with three conventional FS application methods and a method using fibrin glue-coated collagen fleece. The adhesive force resulting from the present method was 12 times higher than that for the sequential application method, 4.5 times higher than the spray method, 2.5 times higher than the rubbing and spray method, and 2.2 times higher than the use of fibrin glue-coated collagen fleece. The high adhesive force of FS with PGA felt seemed to be due the high fibrin content of the fibrin gel (FG). Light and electron microscopic observations suggested that the formation of FG in closer contact with the muscle fibers was a factor contributing to this superior adhesive force. Comparison of the sealing effect of the present method with other methods using various biomaterials in combination with FS showed that the sealing effect of FS with PGA felt was 1.4 times higher that of polyglactin 910, 1.8 times that of polytetrafluoroethylene, and 6.7 times that of oxidized regenerated cellulose.

Free volume of mixed cation borosilicate glass sealants elucidated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and its correlation with glass properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojha, Prasanta K.; Rath, Sangram K.; Sharma, Sandeep K.; Sudarshan, Kathi; Pujari, Pradeep K.; Chongdar, Tapas K.; Gokhale, Nitin M.

2015-01-01

The role of La+3/Sr+2 ratios, which is varied from 0.08 to 5.09, on density, molar volume, packing fraction, free volume, thermal and electrical properties in strontium lanthanum aluminoborosilicate based glass sealants intended for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications is evaluated. The studies reveal expansion of the glass network evident from increasing molar volume and decreasing packing fraction of glasses with progressive La+3 substitutions. The molecular origin of these macroscopic structural features can be accounted for by the free volume parameters measured from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The La+3 induced expanded glass networks show increased number of subnanoscopic voids with larger sizes, as revealed from the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime and its intensity. A remarkably direct correspondence between the molar volume and fractional free volume trend is established with progressive La2O3 substitution in the glasses. The effect of these structural changes on the glass transition temperature, softening temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal stability as well as electrical conductivity has been studied.

Technology Education Practical Activities for Elementary School Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pedras, Melvin J.; Braukmann, Jim

This report contains four learning modules designed to support a range of objectives that include increasing technological literacy, and improving written and verbal communication skills, psychomotor skills, computational skills, geometry, analysis, problem solving, and other critical thinking skills. The activities described in each module…

Efficacy of a Self-expanding Tract Sealant Device in the Reduction of Pneumothorax and Chest Tube Placement Rates After Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: A Matched Controlled Study Using Propensity Score Analysis.

PubMed

Ahrar, Judy U; Gupta, Sanjay; Ensor, Joe E; Mahvash, Armeen; Sabir, Sharjeel H; Steele, Joseph R; McRae, Stephen E; Avritscher, Rony; Huang, Steven Y; Odisio, Bruno C; Murthy, Ravi; Ahrar, Kamran; Wallace, Michael J; Tam, Alda L

2017-02-01

To evaluate the use of a self-expanding tract sealant device (BioSentry™) on the rates of pneumothorax and chest tube insertion after percutaneous lung biopsy. In this retrospective study, we compared 318 patients who received BioSentry™ during percutaneous lung biopsy (treated group) with 1956 patients who did not (control group). Patient-, lesion-, and procedure-specific variables, and pneumothorax and chest tube insertion rates were recorded. To adjust for potential selection bias, patients in the treated group were matched 1:1 to patients in the control group using propensity score matching based on the above-mentioned variables. Patients were considered a match if the absolute difference in their propensity scores was ≤equal to 0.02. Before matching, the pneumothorax and chest tube rates were 24.5 and 13.1% in the control group, and 21.1 and 8.5% in the treated group, respectively. Using propensity scores, a match was found for 317 patients in the treatment group. Chi-square contingency matched pair analysis showed the treated group had significantly lower pneumothorax (20.8 vs. 32.8%; p = 0.001) and chest tube (8.2 vs. 20.8%; p < 0.0001) rates compared to the control group. Sub-analysis including only faculty who had >30 cases of both treatment and control cases demonstrated similar findings: the treated group had significantly lower pneumothorax (17.6 vs. 30.2%; p = 0.002) and chest tube (7.2 vs. 18%; p = 0.001) rates. The self-expanding tract sealant device significantly reduced the pneumothorax rate, and more importantly, the chest tube placement rate after percutaneous lung biopsy.

The Teacher as Re-Designer of Technology Integrated Activities for an Early Literacy Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cviko, Amina; McKenney, Susan; Voogt, Joke

2013-01-01

Though popular among children outside of school, Dutch teachers often struggle to offer technology integrated activities in the kindergarten classroom. Because involving teachers in development of technology integrated activities can support their implementation, this study examines teachers in the role of re-designing such activities. Two case…

Technology and active agency of older adults living in service house environment.

PubMed

Sallinen, Merja; Hentonen, Outi; Kärki, Anne

2015-01-01

The purpose of the study was to explore whether or not the assistive and safety technology that is currently used in service house environment supports the active agency of the elderly residents. Twelve purposively chosen elderly residents were interviewed. The data were analyzed by theory-driven content analysis using the modalities of the agency-model as a theoretical frame. The technological devices and systems partially support the active agency of the residents. Deterioration of their functioning seems to limit the use of devices as well as complicate their learning on how to use these systems. The respondents had only few insights of the possibilities that this technology could offer to them in their daily life and they were not expecting their functioning to improve in the future. The homeliness and intimacy of the environment was highly appreciated. Although the attitude towards technology was, in general, reserved, technology was seen as one possibility to support active agency. The current technologies seem to be designed from the needs of the organization and not from the needs of the residents. In the future, more emphasis needs to be put on designing individualized devices in cooperation with the users. Implications for Rehabilitation To support independence, autonomy and active agency of the older adults, the technological solutions must be based on perceived needs of the individual and the design should be adaptable to the functional limitations one has. Nursing staff's knowledge about assistive devices and technologies need to be updated on regular bases in order to be able to recommend appropriate devices for the elderly. Taking into account the fact that many older adults have mild to moderate memory problems as well as difficulties with vision and hearing, more attention needs to be paid to didactics, i.e. how the introduction and guidance of the use of new technologies, assistive devices or safety systems is best done with them.

Quantifying the Modern City: Emerging Technologies and Big Data for Active Living Research.

PubMed

Adlakha, Deepti

2017-01-01

Opportunities and infrastructure for active living are an important aspect of a community's design, livability, and health. Features of the built environment influence active living and population levels of physical activity, but objective study of the built environment influence on active living behaviors is challenging. The use of emerging technologies for active living research affords new and promising means to obtain objective data on physical activity behaviors and improve the precision and accuracy of measurements. This is significant for physical activity promotion because precise measurements can enable detailed examinations of where, when, and how physical activity behaviors actually occur, thus enabling more effective targeting of particular behavior settings and environments. The aim of this focused review is to provide an overview of trends in emerging technologies that can profoundly change our ability to understand environmental determinants of active living. It discusses novel technological approaches and big data applications to measure and track human behaviors that may have broad applications across the fields of urban planning, public health, and spatial epidemiology.

Quantifying the Modern City: Emerging Technologies and Big Data for Active Living Research

PubMed Central

Adlakha, Deepti

2017-01-01

Opportunities and infrastructure for active living are an important aspect of a community’s design, livability, and health. Features of the built environment influence active living and population levels of physical activity, but objective study of the built environment influence on active living behaviors is challenging. The use of emerging technologies for active living research affords new and promising means to obtain objective data on physical activity behaviors and improve the precision and accuracy of measurements. This is significant for physical activity promotion because precise measurements can enable detailed examinations of where, when, and how physical activity behaviors actually occur, thus enabling more effective targeting of particular behavior settings and environments. The aim of this focused review is to provide an overview of trends in emerging technologies that can profoundly change our ability to understand environmental determinants of active living. It discusses novel technological approaches and big data applications to measure and track human behaviors that may have broad applications across the fields of urban planning, public health, and spatial epidemiology. PMID:28611973

Impact of active controls technology on structural integrity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Thomas; Austin, Edward; Donley, Shawn; Graham, George; Harris, Terry

1991-01-01

This paper summarizes the findings of The Technical Cooperation Program to assess the impact of active controls technology on the structural integrity of aeronautical vehicles and to evaluate the present state-of-the-art for predicting the loads caused by a flight-control system modification and the resulting change in the fatigue life of the flight vehicle. The potential for active controls to adversely affect structural integrity is described, and load predictions obtained using two state-of-the-art analytical methods are given.

Leveraging the Habit-Forming Aspects of Technology to Increase Levels of Physical Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rotich, Willy Kipkemboi

2016-01-01

The use of technology to promote physical activity has been rapidly gaining popularity as technological advances find ever-broadening applications. Though some technology aspects (i.e., on-screen video games) were for long perceived to be incompatible with efforts to diminish physical inactivity, evolving technology has made incorporating newer…

Learner-Interface Interaction for Technology-Enhanced Active Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinha, Neelu; Khreisat, Laila; Sharma, Kiron

2009-01-01

Neelu Sinha, Laila Khreisat, and Kiron Sharma describe how learner-interface interaction promotes active learning in computer science education. In a pilot study using technology that combines DyKnow software with a hardware platform of pen-enabled HP Tablet notebook computers, Sinha, Khreisat, and Sharma created dynamic learning environments by…

Student Technological Creativity Using Online Problem-Solving Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Yu-Shan

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of online (web-based) creative problem-solving (CPS) activities on student technological creativity and to examine the characteristics of student creativity in the context of online CPS. A pretest-posttest quasi-experiment was conducted with 107 fourth-grade students in Taiwan. The…

The Potential of Using Virtual Reality Technology in Physical Activity Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pasco, Denis

2013-01-01

In recent years, virtual reality technology has been successfully used for learning purposes. The purposes of the article are to examine current research on the role of virtual reality in physical activity settings and discuss potential application of using virtual reality technology to enhance learning in physical education. The article starts…

Using assistive technology adaptations to include students with learning disabilities in cooperative learning activities.

PubMed

Bryant, D P; Bryant, B R

1998-01-01

Cooperative learning (CL) is a common instructional arrangement that is used by classroom teachers to foster academic achievement and social acceptance of students with and without learning disabilities. Cooperative learning is appealing to classroom teachers because it can provide an opportunity for more instruction and feedback by peers than can be provided by teachers to individual students who require extra assistance. Recent studies suggest that students with LD may need adaptations during cooperative learning activities. The use of assistive technology adaptations may be necessary to help some students with LD compensate for their specific learning difficulties so that they can engage more readily in cooperative learning activities. A process for integrating technology adaptations into cooperative learning activities is discussed in terms of three components: selecting adaptations, monitoring the use of the adaptations during cooperative learning activities, and evaluating the adaptations' effectiveness. The article concludes with comments regarding barriers to and support systems for technology integration, technology and effective instructional practices, and the need to consider technology adaptations for students who have learning disabilities.

Fibrin Sealant Improves Hemostasis in Peripheral Vascular Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Trial

PubMed Central

Schenk, Worthington G.; Burks, Sandra G.; Gagne, Paul J.; Kagan, Steven A.; Lawson, Jeffrey H.; Spotnitz, William D.

2003-01-01

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an investigational fibrin sealant (FS) in a randomized prospective, partially blinded, controlled, multicenter trial. Summary Background Data Upper extremity vascular access surgery using polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) graft placement for dialysis was chosen as a reproducible, clinically relevant model for evaluating the usefulness of FS. The FS consisted of pooled human fibrinogen (60 mg/mL) and thrombin (500 NIH U/mL). Time to hemostasis was measured, and adverse events were monitored. Methods Consenting adult patients (n = 48) undergoing placement of a standard PTFE graft were randomized in a 2:1:1 ratio to the treatment group using FS (ZLB Bioplasma AG, Bern, Switzerland), oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ), or pressure. Patients received heparin (3,000 IU IVP) before placement of vascular clamps. If the treatment was FS, clamps were left in place for 120 seconds after the application of study material to permit polymerization. If treatment was Surgicel, clamps were left in place until the agent had been applied according to manufacturer’s instructions. If the treatment was pressure, clamps were released as soon as the investigator was ready to apply compression. Immediately after release of the last clamp, the arterial and venous suture lines were evaluated for bleeding. The time to hemostasis at both the venous and arterial sites was recorded. Results Significant (P ≤ .005) reduction in time to hemostasis was achieved in the FS group. Thirteen (54.2%) patients randomized to FS experienced immediate hemostasis at both suture lines following clamp removal compared to no patients using Surgicel or pressure. Only one patient (7.1%) in the Surgicel group and no patients in the pressure group experienced hemostasis at 120 seconds from clamp removal, compared to 13 (54.2%) patients for FS. Adverse events were comparable in all groups. There were no seroconversions

Effect of affordable technology on physical activity levels and mobility outcomes in rehabilitation: a protocol for the Activity and MObility UsiNg Technology (AMOUNT) rehabilitation trial

PubMed Central

Hassett, Leanne; van den Berg, Maayken; Lindley, Richard I; Crotty, Maria; McCluskey, Annie; van der Ploeg, Hidde P; Smith, Stuart T; Schurr, Karl; Killington, Maggie; Bongers, Bert; Howard, Kirsten; Heritier, Stephane; Togher, Leanne; Hackett, Maree; Treacy, Daniel; Dorsch, Simone; Wong, Siobhan; Scrivener, Katharine; Chagpar, Sakina; Weber, Heather; Pearson, Ross; Sherrington, Catherine

2016-01-01

Introduction People with mobility limitations can benefit from rehabilitation programmes that provide a high dose of exercise. However, since providing a high dose of exercise is logistically challenging and resource-intensive, people in rehabilitation spend most of the day inactive. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of affordable technology to usual care on physical activity and mobility in people with mobility limitations admitted to inpatient aged and neurological rehabilitation units compared to usual care alone. Methods and analysis A pragmatic, assessor blinded, parallel-group randomised trial recruiting 300 consenting rehabilitation patients with reduced mobility will be conducted. Participants will be individually randomised to intervention or control groups. The intervention group will receive technology-based exercise to target mobility and physical activity problems for 6 months. The technology will include the use of video and computer games/exercises and tablet applications as well as activity monitors. The control group will not receive any additional intervention and both groups will receive usual inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation care over the 6-month study period. The coprimary outcomes will be objectively assessed physical activity (proportion of the day spent upright) and mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery) at 6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include: self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity, mobility, cognition, activity performance and participation, utility-based quality of life, balance confidence, technology self-efficacy, falls and service utilisation. Linear models will assess the effect of group allocation for each continuously scored outcome measure with baseline scores entered as a covariate. Fall rates between groups will be compared using negative binomial regression. Primary analyses will be preplanned, conducted while masked to group allocation and use an

Effect of affordable technology on physical activity levels and mobility outcomes in rehabilitation: a protocol for the Activity and MObility UsiNg Technology (AMOUNT) rehabilitation trial.

PubMed

Hassett, Leanne; van den Berg, Maayken; Lindley, Richard I; Crotty, Maria; McCluskey, Annie; van der Ploeg, Hidde P; Smith, Stuart T; Schurr, Karl; Killington, Maggie; Bongers, Bert; Howard, Kirsten; Heritier, Stephane; Togher, Leanne; Hackett, Maree; Treacy, Daniel; Dorsch, Simone; Wong, Siobhan; Scrivener, Katharine; Chagpar, Sakina; Weber, Heather; Pearson, Ross; Sherrington, Catherine

2016-06-06

People with mobility limitations can benefit from rehabilitation programmes that provide a high dose of exercise. However, since providing a high dose of exercise is logistically challenging and resource-intensive, people in rehabilitation spend most of the day inactive. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of affordable technology to usual care on physical activity and mobility in people with mobility limitations admitted to inpatient aged and neurological rehabilitation units compared to usual care alone. A pragmatic, assessor blinded, parallel-group randomised trial recruiting 300 consenting rehabilitation patients with reduced mobility will be conducted. Participants will be individually randomised to intervention or control groups. The intervention group will receive technology-based exercise to target mobility and physical activity problems for 6 months. The technology will include the use of video and computer games/exercises and tablet applications as well as activity monitors. The control group will not receive any additional intervention and both groups will receive usual inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation care over the 6-month study period. The coprimary outcomes will be objectively assessed physical activity (proportion of the day spent upright) and mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery) at 6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include: self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity, mobility, cognition, activity performance and participation, utility-based quality of life, balance confidence, technology self-efficacy, falls and service utilisation. Linear models will assess the effect of group allocation for each continuously scored outcome measure with baseline scores entered as a covariate. Fall rates between groups will be compared using negative binomial regression. Primary analyses will be preplanned, conducted while masked to group allocation and use an intention-to-treat approach. The

Analysing Teachers' Practices in Technology Environments from an Activity Theoretical Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abboud-Blanchard, Maha; Vandebrouck, Fabrice

2012-01-01

The aim of this paper is to emphasize some research results about teachers' practices in technology-based-lessons. Articulating several theoretical developments of Activity Theory enables us to conceive a frame to characterise the evolutions of these practices and to interpret them in terms of "geneses of technology uses". We consider these…

Protocol for “Seal or Varnish?” (SoV) trial: a randomised controlled trial to measure the relative cost and effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants and fluoride varnish in preventing dental decay

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Dental caries remains a significant public health problem, prevalence being linked to social and economic deprivation. Occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars are the most susceptible site in the developing permanent dentition. Cochrane reviews have shown pit and fissure sealants (PFS) and fluoride varnish (FV) to be effective over no intervention in preventing caries. However, the comparative cost and effectiveness of these treatments is uncertain. The primary aim of the trial described in this protocol is to compare the clinical effectiveness of PFS and FV in preventing dental caries in first permanent molars in 6-7 year-olds. Secondary aims include: establishing the costs and the relative cost-effectiveness of PFS and FV delivered in a community/school setting; examining the impact of PFS and FV on children and their parents/carers in terms of quality of life/treatment acceptability measures; and examining the implementation of treatment in a community setting. Methods/design The trial design comprises a randomised, assessor-blinded, two-arm, parallel group trial in 6–7 year old schoolchildren. Clinical procedures and assessments will be performed at 66 primary schools, in deprived areas in South Wales. Treatments will be delivered via a mobile dental clinic. In total, 920 children will be recruited (460 per trial arm). At baseline and annually for 36 months dental caries will be recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) by trained and calibrated dentists. PFS and FV will be applied by trained dental hygienists. The FV will be applied at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months. The PFS will be applied at baseline and re-examined at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months, and will be re-applied if the existing sealant has become detached/is insufficient. The economic analysis will estimate the costs of providing the PFS versus FV. The process evaluation will assess implementation and acceptability through acceptability

How Does Technology-Enabled Active Learning Affect Undergraduate Students' Understanding of Electromagnetism Concepts?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dori, Yehudit Judy; Belcher, John

2005-01-01

Educational technology supports meaningful learning and enables the presentation of spatial and dynamic images, which portray relationships among complex concepts. The Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) Project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) involves media-rich software for simulation and visualization in freshman…

Efficacy of a Self-expanding Tract Sealant Device in the Reduction of Pneumothorax and Chest Tube Placement Rates After Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: A Matched Controlled Study Using Propensity Score Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahrar, Judy U., E-mail: judy.ahrar@mdanderson.org; Gupta, Sanjay; Ensor, Joe E.

PurposeTo evaluate the use of a self-expanding tract sealant device (BioSentry™) on the rates of pneumothorax and chest tube insertion after percutaneous lung biopsy.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, we compared 318 patients who received BioSentry™ during percutaneous lung biopsy (treated group) with 1956 patients who did not (control group). Patient-, lesion-, and procedure-specific variables, and pneumothorax and chest tube insertion rates were recorded. To adjust for potential selection bias, patients in the treated group were matched 1:1 to patients in the control group using propensity score matching based on the above-mentioned variables. Patients were considered a match if themore » absolute difference in their propensity scores was ≤equal to 0.02.ResultsBefore matching, the pneumothorax and chest tube rates were 24.5 and 13.1% in the control group, and 21.1 and 8.5% in the treated group, respectively. Using propensity scores, a match was found for 317 patients in the treatment group. Chi-square contingency matched pair analysis showed the treated group had significantly lower pneumothorax (20.8 vs. 32.8%; p = 0.001) and chest tube (8.2 vs. 20.8%; p < 0.0001) rates compared to the control group. Sub-analysis including only faculty who had >30 cases of both treatment and control cases demonstrated similar findings: the treated group had significantly lower pneumothorax (17.6 vs. 30.2%; p = 0.002) and chest tube (7.2 vs. 18%; p = 0.001) rates.ConclusionsThe self-expanding tract sealant device significantly reduced the pneumothorax rate, and more importantly, the chest tube placement rate after percutaneous lung biopsy.« less

Synaptic plasticity and sensory-motor improvement following fibrin sealant dorsal root reimplantation and mononuclear cell therapy

PubMed Central

Benitez, Suzana U.; Barbizan, Roberta; Spejo, Aline B.; Ferreira, Rui S.; Barraviera, Benedito; Góes, Alfredo M.; de Oliveira, Alexandre L. R.

2014-01-01

Root lesions may affect both dorsal and ventral roots. However, due to the possibility of generating further inflammation and neuropathic pain, surgical procedures do not prioritize the repair of the afferent component. The loss of such sensorial input directly disturbs the spinal circuits thus affecting the functionality of the injuried limb. The present study evaluated the motor and sensory improvement following dorsal root reimplantation with fibrin sealant (FS) plus bone marrow mononuclear cells (MC) after dorsal rhizotomy. MC were used to enhance the repair process. We also analyzed changes in the glial response and synaptic circuits within the spinal cord. Female Lewis rats (6–8 weeks old) were divided in three groups: rhizotomy (RZ group), rhizotomy repaired with FS (RZ+FS group) and rhizotomy repaired with FS and MC (RZ+FS+MC group). The behavioral tests electronic von-Frey and Walking track test were carried out. For immunohistochemistry we used markers to detect different synapse profiles as well as glial reaction. The behavioral results showed a significant decrease in sensory and motor function after lesion. The reimplantation decreased glial reaction and improved synaptic plasticity of afferent inputs. Cell therapy further enhanced the rewiring process. In addition, both reimplanted groups presented twice as much motor control compared to the non-treated group. In conclusion, the reimplantation with FS and MC is efficient and may be considered an approach to improve sensory-motor recovery following dorsal rhizotomy. PMID:25249946

Coating of Dacron vascular grafts with an ionic polyurethane: a novel sealant with protein binding properties.

PubMed

Phaneuf, M D; Dempsey, D J; Bide, M J; Quist, W C; LoGerfo, F W

2001-03-01

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel sealant that would seal prosthetic vascular graft interstices and be accessible for protein binding. Crimped knitted Dacron vascular grafts were cleaned (CNTRL) and hydrolyzed in boiling sodium hydroxide (HYD). These HYD grafts were sealed using an 11% solids solution of a polyether-based urethane with carboxylic acid groups (PEU-D) via a novel technique that employs both trans-wall and luminal perfusion. Carboxylic acid content, determined via methylene blue dye uptake, was 2.3- and 4.2-fold greater in PEU-D segments (1.0+/-0.27 nmol/mg) as compared to HYD and CNTRL segments, respectively. Water permeation through PEU-D graft (1.1+/-2 ml/cm2 min(-1)) was comparable to collagen-impregnated Dacron (9.8+/-10 ml/cm2 min(-1)). Non-specific 125I-albumin (125I-Alb) binding to PEU-D segments (18+/-3 ng/mg) was significantly lower than HYD and CNTRL segments. 125I-Alb linkage to PEU-D using the crosslinker EDC resulted in 5.7-fold greater binding (103+/-2 ng/mg) than non-specific PEU-D controls. However, covalent linkage of 125I-Alb to PEU-D was 4.9- and 5.9-fold less than CNTRL and HYD segments with EDC, respectively. Thus, ionic polyurethane can be applied to a pre-formed vascular graft, seal the interstices and create "anchor" sites for protein attachment.

Hydraulic actuation technology for full- and semi-active railway suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodall, Roger; Freudenthaler, Gerhard; Dixon, Roger

2014-12-01

The paper describes a simulation study that provides a comprehensive comparison between full-active and semi-active suspensions for improving the vertical ride quality of railway vehicles. It includes an assessment of the ride quality benefits that can theoretically be achieved with idealised devices, and also examines the impact of real devices based upon hydraulic actuation technology.

Office of Biological Informatics and Outreach geospatial technology activities

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1998-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Biological Informatics and Outreach (OBIO) in Reston, Virginia, and its Center for Biological Informatics (CBI) in Denver, Colorado, provide leadership in the development and use of geospatial technologies to advance the Nation's biological science activities.

How Technology and Collaboration Promote Formative Feedback: A Role for CSCL Research in Active Learning Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Sally P. W.; Rau, Martina A.

2017-01-01

Recent evidence for the effectiveness of active learning interventions has led educators to advocate for widespread adoption of active learning in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics courses. Active learning interventions implement technology and collaboration to engage students actively with the content. Yet, it is…

Active magnetic radiation shielding system analysis and key technologies.

PubMed

Washburn, S A; Blattnig, S R; Singleterry, R C; Westover, S C

2015-01-01

Many active magnetic shielding designs have been proposed in order to reduce the radiation exposure received by astronauts on long duration, deep space missions. While these designs are promising, they pose significant engineering challenges. This work presents a survey of the major systems required for such unconfined magnetic field design, allowing the identification of key technologies for future development. Basic mass calculations are developed for each system and are used to determine the resulting galactic cosmic radiation exposure for a generic solenoid design, using a range of magnetic field strength and thickness values, allowing some of the basic characteristics of such a design to be observed. This study focuses on a solenoid shaped, active magnetic shield design; however, many of the principles discussed are applicable regardless of the exact design configuration, particularly the key technologies cited. Copyright © 2015 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). All rights reserved.

ActiveX vs. Java. What roles will these technologies play?

PubMed

McCormack, J

1997-09-01

ActiveX and Java capitalize on distributed object computing and have great potential for making information systems truly interoperable. But a battle for market dominance between their developers--Microsoft Corp. and Sun Microsystems Inc., respectively--could cause confusion. And it's unclear what role these two important new technologies will play in health care. For now, a number of pioneering organizations are experimenting with using the technology to improve data flow and access.

eHealth technologies to support nutrition and physical activity behaviors in diabetes self-management.

PubMed

Rollo, Megan E; Aguiar, Elroy J; Williams, Rebecca L; Wynne, Katie; Kriss, Michelle; Callister, Robin; Collins, Clare E

2016-01-01

Diabetes is a chronic, complex condition requiring sound knowledge and self-management skills to optimize glycemic control and health outcomes. Dietary intake and physical activity are key diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors that require tailored education and support. Electronic health (eHealth) technologies have a demonstrated potential for assisting individuals with DSM behaviors. This review provides examples of technologies used to support nutrition and physical activity behaviors in the context of DSM. Technologies covered include those widely used for DSM, such as web-based programs and mobile phone and smartphone applications. In addition, examples of novel tools such as virtual and augmented reality, video games, computer vision for dietary carbohydrate monitoring, and wearable devices are provided. The challenges to, and facilitators for, the use of eHealth technologies in DSM are discussed. Strategies to support the implementation of eHealth technologies within practice and suggestions for future research to enhance nutrition and physical activity behaviors as a part of broader DSM are provided.

eHealth technologies to support nutrition and physical activity behaviors in diabetes self-management

PubMed Central

Rollo, Megan E; Aguiar, Elroy J; Williams, Rebecca L; Wynne, Katie; Kriss, Michelle; Callister, Robin; Collins, Clare E

2016-01-01

Diabetes is a chronic, complex condition requiring sound knowledge and self-management skills to optimize glycemic control and health outcomes. Dietary intake and physical activity are key diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors that require tailored education and support. Electronic health (eHealth) technologies have a demonstrated potential for assisting individuals with DSM behaviors. This review provides examples of technologies used to support nutrition and physical activity behaviors in the context of DSM. Technologies covered include those widely used for DSM, such as web-based programs and mobile phone and smartphone applications. In addition, examples of novel tools such as virtual and augmented reality, video games, computer vision for dietary carbohydrate monitoring, and wearable devices are provided. The challenges to, and facilitators for, the use of eHealth technologies in DSM are discussed. Strategies to support the implementation of eHealth technologies within practice and suggestions for future research to enhance nutrition and physical activity behaviors as a part of broader DSM are provided. PMID:27853384

NASA's Advanced Propulsion Technology Activities for Third Generation Fully Reusable Launch Vehicle Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hueter, Uwe

2000-01-01

NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Transportation Technology (OASTT) established the following three major goals, referred to as "The Three Pillars for Success": Global Civil Aviation, Revolutionary Technology Leaps, and Access to Space. The Advanced Space Transportation Program Office (ASTP) at the NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. focuses on future space transportation technologies under the "Access to Space" pillar. The Propulsion Projects within ASTP under the investment area of Spaceliner100, focus on the earth-to-orbit (ETO) third generation reusable launch vehicle technologies. The goals of Spaceliner 100 is to reduce cost by a factor of 100 and improve safety by a factor of 10,000 over current conditions. The ETO Propulsion Projects in ASTP, are actively developing combination/combined-cycle propulsion technologies that utilized airbreathing propulsion during a major portion of the trajectory. System integration, components, materials and advanced rocket technologies are also being pursued. Over the last several years, one of the main thrusts has been to develop rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) technologies. The focus has been on conducting ground tests of several engine designs to establish the RBCC flowpaths performance. Flowpath testing of three different RBCC engine designs is progressing. Additionally, vehicle system studies are being conducted to assess potential operational space access vehicles utilizing combined-cycle propulsion systems. The design, manufacturing, and ground testing of a scale flight-type engine are planned. The first flight demonstration of an airbreathing combined cycle propulsion system is envisioned around 2005. The paper will describe the advanced propulsion technologies that are being being developed under the ETO activities in the ASTP program. Progress, findings, and future activities for the propulsion technologies will be discussed.

Video streaming technologies using ActiveX and LabVIEW

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panoiu, M.; Rat, C. L.; Panoiu, C.

2015-06-01

The goal of this paper is to present the possibilities of remote image processing through data exchange between two programming technologies: LabVIEW and ActiveX. ActiveX refers to the process of controlling one program from another via ActiveX component; where one program acts as the client and the other as the server. LabVIEW can be either client or server. Both programs (client and server) exist independent of each other but are able to share information. The client communicates with the ActiveX objects that the server opens to allow the sharing of information [7]. In the case of video streaming [1] [2], most ActiveX controls can only display the data, being incapable of transforming it into a data type that LabVIEW can process. This becomes problematic when the system is used for remote image processing. The LabVIEW environment itself provides little if any possibilities for video streaming, and the methods it does offer are usually not high performance, but it possesses high performance toolkits and modules specialized in image processing, making it ideal for processing the captured data. Therefore, we chose to use existing software, specialized in video streaming along with LabVIEW and to capture the data provided by them, for further use, within LabVIEW. The software we studied (the ActiveX controls of a series of media players that utilize streaming technology) provide high quality data and a very small transmission delay, ensuring the reliability of the results of the image processing.

Remote monitoring technologies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) study.

PubMed

Stuckey, Melanie; Fulkerson, Robyn; Read, Emily; Russell-Minda, Elizabeth; Munoz, Claudio; Kleinstiver, Peter; Petrella, Robert

2011-07-01

Remote monitoring technologies are ideally suited for rural communities with limited access to health care. In an 8-week pilot study, we examined the feasibility of implementing and conducting a technology-intensive intervention in an underserviced rural setting. Our goal was to test the utility of self-monitoring technologies, physical activity, and education as tools to manage health indicators for the development of the cardiovascular complications (CVCs) of type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity study was an open single-center study conducted in a community-based research setting. All 24 participants were provided with a Blackberry™ Smartphone, blood pressure monitor, glucometer, and pedometer. Smartphones transmitted measurements and survey results to the database, interfaced participants with the clinical team, and allowed for self-monitoring. Outcomes were improved body composition, improved markers of CVC risk factors, increased daily exercise, and interest in or awareness of lifestyle changes that impact health outcomes. Participants had excellent compliance for measurements, as self-monitoring provided a sense of security that improved from week 4 to week 8. Our team gained substantial insight into the operational requirements of technology-facilitated health care, including redefined hours of service; data reporting, management, and access protocols; and the utility of real-time clinical measures by remote monitoring. We developed an understanding of knowledge translation strategies as well as successful motivational and educational tools. Importantly, remote monitoring technology was found to be feasible and accepted in a rural setting. © 2011 Diabetes Technology Society.

Agricultural Science and Technology Teachers' Perceptions of iPod and Mp3 Technology Integration into Curricular and Cocurricular Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphrey, Theresa Pesl; Miller, Kimberly A.; Roberts, T. Grady

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to describe agricultural science and technology teachers' reaction to iPod and mp3 technology use and potential use in both curricular and cocurricular activities. A total of 112 unique respondents provided written responses to open-ended questions. Study findings reveal that agricultural science and technology…

Tracking Activities in Complex Settings Using Smart Environment Technologies.

PubMed

Singla, Geetika; Cook, Diane J; Schmitter-Edgecombe, Maureen

2009-01-01

The pervasive sensing technologies found in smart homes offer unprecedented opportunities for providing health monitoring and assistance to individuals experiencing difficulties living independently at home. A primary challenge that needs to be tackled to meet this need is the ability to recognize and track functional activities that people perform in their own homes and everyday settings. In this paper we look at approaches to perform real-time recognition of Activities of Daily Living. We enhance other related research efforts to develop approaches that are effective when activities are interrupted and interleaved. To evaluate the accuracy of our recognition algorithms we assess them using real data collected from participants performing activities in our on-campus smart apartment testbed.

NASA Activities as they Relate to Microwave Technology for Aerospace Communications Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miranda, Felix A.

2011-01-01

This presentation discusses current NASA activities and plans as they relate to microwave technology for aerospace communications. The presentations discusses some examples of the aforementioned technology within the context of the existing and future communications architectures and technology development roadmaps. Examples of the evolution of key technology from idea to deployment are provided as well as the challenges that lay ahead regarding advancing microwave technology to ensure that future NASA missions are not constrained by lack of communication or navigation capabilities. The presentation closes with some examples of emerging ongoing opportunities for establishing collaborative efforts between NASA, Industry, and Academia to encourage the development, demonstration and insertion of communications technology in pertinent aerospace systems.

Information Technology Measurement and Testing Activities at NIST

PubMed Central

Hogan, Michael D.; Carnahan, Lisa J.; Carpenter, Robert J.; Flater, David W.; Fowler, James E.; Frechette, Simon P.; Gray, Martha M.; Johnson, L. Arnold; McCabe, R. Michael; Montgomery, Douglas; Radack, Shirley M.; Rosenthal, Robert; Shakarji, Craig M.

2001-01-01

Our high technology society continues to rely more and more upon sophisticated measurements, technical standards, and associated testing activities. This was true for the industrial society of the 20th century and remains true for the information society of the 21st century. Over the last half of the 20th century, information technology (IT) has been a powerful agent of change in almost every sector of the economy. The complexity and rapidly changing nature of IT have presented unique technical challenges to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and to the scientific measurement community in developing a sound measurement and testing infrastructure for IT. This measurement and testing infrastructure for the important non-physical and non-chemical properties associated with complex IT systems is still in an early stage of development. This paper explains key terms and concepts of IT metrology, briefly reviews the history of the National Bureau of Standards/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NBS/NIST) in the field of IT, and reviews NIST’s current capabilities and work in measurement and testing for IT. It concludes with a look at what is likely to occur in the field of IT over the next ten years and what metrology roles NIST is likely to play. PMID:27500026

Effect of Gd2O3 doping on structure and boron volatility of borosilicate glass sealants in solid oxide fuel cells-A study on the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Qi; Tan, Shengwei; Ren, Mengyuan; Yang, Hsiwen; Tang, Dian; Chen, Kongfa; Zhang, Teng; Jiang, San Ping

2018-04-01

Boron volatility is one of the most important properties of borosilicate-based glass sealants in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as boron contaminants react with lanthanum-containing cathodes, forming LaBO3 and degrading the activity of SOFCs. Here, we report that the reaction between the volatile boron and a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathode during polarization can be significantly reduced by doping aluminoborosilicate glass with Gd2O3. Specifically, the Gd cations in glass with 2 mol.% Gd2O3 dissolve preferentially in the borate-rich environment to form more Gd-metaborate structures and promote the formation of calcium metaborate (CaB2O4); they also condense the B-O network after heat treatment, which suppresses poisoning by boron contaminants on the LSCF cathode. The results provide insights into design and development of a reliable sealing glass for SOFC applications.

Synthesizing Technology Adoption and Learners' Approaches towards Active Learning in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chan, Kevin; Cheung, George; Wan, Kelvin; Brown, Ian; Luk, Green

2015-01-01

In understanding how active and blended learning approaches with learning technologies engagement in undergraduate education, current research models tend to undermine the effect of learners' variations, particularly regarding their styles and approaches to learning, on intention and use of learning technologies. This study contributes to further…

Reduction of Helicopter Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise by Active Rotor Control Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, Yung H.; Gmelin, Bernd; Splettstoesser, Wolf; Brooks, Thomas F.; Philippe, Jean J.; Prieur, Jean

1997-01-01

Helicopter blade-vortex interaction noise is one of the most severe noise sources and is very important both in community annoyance and military detection. Research over the decades has substantially improved basic physical understanding of the mechanisms generating rotor blade-vortex interaction noise and also of controlling techniques, particularly using active rotor control technology. This paper reviews active rotor control techniques currently available for rotor blade vortex interaction noise reduction, including higher harmonic pitch control, individual blade control, and on-blade control technologies. Basic physical mechanisms of each active control technique are reviewed in terms of noise reduction mechanism and controlling aerodynamic or structural parameters of a blade. Active rotor control techniques using smart structures/materials are discussed, including distributed smart actuators to induce local torsional or flapping deformations, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Surgical Treatment of Pressure Ulcers with a Fibrin Sealant in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Cost-Consequence Analysis.

PubMed

Velasco, Jose Manuel Arévalo; Lozano, Virginia; Oyagüez, Itziar; Casado, Miguel Angel

2015-11-01

A comparative study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a fibrin sealant (Tissucol Duo [known as Tisseel in the United States], Baxter International, Deerfield, Illinois) to improve postoperative outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury undergoing surgical treatment for pressure ulcers (PrUs). Between January and June 2011, 27 patients underwent surgical treatment for PrUs with the direct application of Tissucol Duo sprayed before closure. The costs and outcomes obtained in this cohort were compared with those obtained in a previous retrospective study where 71 patients underwent conventional surgery. Lower rates of hematoma-seroma were observed in the study group (3.7% vs 33.8%; P < .05). Drain removal occurred earlier (10 vs 15 days; P < .05), and the average drain volume was also lower (155 vs 360 mL; P < .05) for this group. The mean length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the study group and was the main contributing factor to the overall costs. The application of Tissucol Duo during surgical treatment of PrUs in patients with spinal cord injury has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative complications and in shortening the duration of the hospital stay with a consequent savings in costs.

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Technology Development Status and Forecast

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chullen, Cinda; Westheimer, David T.

2010-01-01

Beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2011, Extravehicular activity (EVA) technology development became a technology foundational domain under a new program Enabling Technology Development and Demonstration. The goal of the EVA technology effort is to further develop technologies that will be used to demonstrate a robust EVA system that has application for a variety of future missions including microgravity and surface EVA. Overall the objectives will be reduce system mass, reduce consumables and maintenance, increase EVA hardware robustness and life, increase crew member efficiency and autonomy, and enable rapid vehicle egress and ingress. Over the past several years, NASA realized a tremendous increase in EVA system development as part of the Exploration Technology Development Program and the Constellation Program. The evident demand for efficient and reliable EVA technologies, particularly regenerable technologies was apparent under these former programs and will continue to be needed as future mission opportunities arise. The technological need for EVA in space has been realized over the last several decades by the Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) programs. EVAs were critical to the success of these programs. Now with the ISS extension to 2028 in conjunction with a current forecasted need of at least eight EVAs per year, the EVA technology life and limited availability of the EMUs will become a critical issue eventually. The current Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) has vastly served EVA demands by performing critical operations to assemble the ISS and provide repairs of satellites such as the Hubble Space Telescope. However, as the life of ISS and the vision for future mission opportunities are realized, a new EVA systems capability could be an option for the future mission applications building off of the technology development over the last several years. Besides ISS, potential mission applications include EVAs for

Targeting and tailoring physical activity information using print and information technologies.

PubMed

Napolitano, Melissa A; Marcus, Bess H

2002-07-01

With the large numbers of physically inactive individuals, it is important that interventions reach a broad spectrum of the population. This paper focuses on targeting and tailoring physical activity information, and the use of mediated interventions, specifically those using print, and other information technologies for promoting physical activity.

How different types of users develop trust in technology: A qualitative analysis of the antecedents of active and passive user trust in a shared technology

PubMed Central

Xu, Jie; Le, Kim; Deitermann, Annika; Montague, Enid

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the antecedents of trust in technology for active users and passive users working with a shared technology. According to the prominence-interpretation theory, to assess the trustworthiness of a technology, a person must first perceive and evaluate elements of the system that includes the technology. An experimental study was conducted with 54 participants who worked in two-person teams in a multi-task environment with a shared technology. Trust in technology was measured using a trust in technology questionnaire and antecedents of trust were elicited using an open-ended question. A list of antecedents of trust in technology was derived using qualitative analysis techniques. The following categories emerged from the antecedent: technology factors, user factors, and task factors. Similarities and differences between active users and passive user responses, in terms of trust in technology were discussed. PMID:24882059

Joint strength of a solid oxide fuel cell glass-ceramic sealant with metallic interconnect in a reducing environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Chih-Kuang; Liu, Yu-An; Wu, Si-Han; Liu, Chien-Kuo; Lee, Ruey-Yi

2015-04-01

Effects of reducing environment and thermal aging on the joint strength of a BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic sealant (GC-9) with a ferritic-stainless-steel interconnect (Crofer 22 H) for planar solid oxide fuel cells are investigated. A technique is developed for conducting mechanical tests at room temperature and 800 °C in H2-7 vol% H2O under shear and tensile loadings. Given an aged condition and loading mode, the joint strength at 800 °C is lower than that at room temperature in the given humidified hydrogen atmosphere. A thermal aging at 800 °C in H2-7 vol% H2O for 100 h or 1000 h enhances both shear and tensile joint strengths at room temperature but degrades them at 800 °C in the same reducing environment. Non-aged specimens show a comparable joint strength and fracture mode when tested in humidified hydrogen and in air under a given loading mode and testing temperature. The shear strength at 800 °C for joint specimens after a 1000-h thermal aging at 800 °C in air or humidified hydrogen is reduced by a similar extent of 19%, compared to the counterpart of non-aged joint specimens tested in the same oxidizing or reducing environment.

Mimicry technology: suppressing small RNA activity in plants.

PubMed

Rubio-Somoza, Ignacio; Manavella, Pablo Andrés

2011-01-01

Small RNA suppression constitutes one of the major difficulties for a full molecular characterization of their specific roles in plants. Taking advantage of the latest insights into the new post-biogenesis layer of regulation in microRNA (miRNA) activity, it is possible to overcome the above-mentioned limitation (Nat Genet 39:1033-1037, 2007). We engineered the IPS1 non-coding RNA to bear a complementary sequence to a given miRNA family, resulting in specific sequestration of RISC complexes. MIMIC technology allows for the constitutive release of all of the potential targets of a miRNA family as well as tissue-specific and inducible suppression of its activity.

Efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant patch in the treatment of air leakage in thoracic surgery.

PubMed

Lopez, C; Facciolo, F; Lequaglie, C; Rendina, E A; Saita, S; Dell'Amore, D; Sollitto, F; Urciuoli, G; Loizzi, M; Cisternino, M L; Granone, P; Angelelli, A; Cardillo, G; Mucilli, F; Di Rienzo, G

2013-12-01

Air leakage represents a major problem in lung surgery. Absorbable fibrin sealant patch (AFSP), a collagen sponge coated with human fibrinogen and thrombin, can be used as an adjunct to primary stapling or suturing. This study compared the efficacy of AFSP with manual suturing after primary stapling. This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Patients undergoing lobectomy, bilobectomy, anatomical segmentectomy for lung cancer or wedge resection for pulmonary metastasis with air leakage grade 1 or 2 according to Macchiarini scale after stapler suture were randomized to receive AFSP or standard surgical treatment (ST). The primary endpoint was the reduction of intraoperative air leakage intensity. Duration of postoperative air leakage and number of days until removal of last chest drain were secondary endpoints. Safety was recorded for all patients. A total of 346 patients were enrolled in 14 centres, 179 of whom received AFSP and 167 ST. Intraoperative air leak intensity was reduced in 90.5% of AFSP patients and 82% of ST patients (P=0.03). A significant reduction in postoperative air leakage duration was observed in the AFSP group (P=0.0437). The median number of days until removal of last drainage was 6 (3-37) in the AFSP group and 7 (2-27) in the ST (P=0.38). Occurrence of adverse events was comparable in both groups. AFSP was more efficacious than standard ST as an adjunct to primary stapling in reducing intraoperative air leakage intensity and duration of postoperative air leakage in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery. AFSP was well tolerated.

Current mHealth Technologies for Physical Activity Assessment and Promotion

PubMed Central

O’Reilly, Gillian A.; Spruijt-Metz, Donna

2014-01-01

Context Novel mobile assessment and intervention capabilities are changing the face of physical activity (PA) research. A comprehensive systematic review of how mobile technology has been used for measuring PA and promoting PA behavior change is needed. Evidence acquisition Article collection was conducted using six databases from February to June 2012 with search terms related to mobile technology and PA. Articles that described the use of mobile technologies for PA assessment, sedentary behavior assessment, and/or interventions for PA behavior change were included. Articles were screened for inclusion and study information was extracted. Evidence synthesis Analyses were conducted from June to September 2012. Mobile phone–based journals and questionnaires, short message service (SMS) prompts, and on-body PA sensing systems were the mobile technologies most utilized. Results indicate that mobile journals and questionnaires are effective PA self-report measurement tools. Intervention studies that reported successful promotion of PA behavior change employed SMS communication, mobile journaling, or both SMS and mobile journaling. Conclusions mHealth technologies are increasingly being employed to assess and intervene on PA in clinical, epidemiologic, and intervention research. The wide variations in technologies used and outcomes measured limit comparability across studies, and hamper identification of the most promising technologies. Further, the pace of technologic advancement currently outstrips that of scientific inquiry. New adaptive, sequential research designs that take advantage of ongoing technology development are needed. At the same time, scientific norms must shift to accept “smart,” adaptive, iterative, evidence-based assessment and intervention technologies that will, by nature, improve during implementation. PMID:24050427

Current mHealth technologies for physical activity assessment and promotion.

PubMed

O'Reilly, Gillian A; Spruijt-Metz, Donna

2013-10-01

Novel mobile assessment and intervention capabilities are changing the face of physical activity (PA) research. A comprehensive systematic review of how mobile technology has been used for measuring PA and promoting PA behavior change is needed. Article collection was conducted using six databases from February to June 2012 with search terms related to mobile technology and PA. Articles that described the use of mobile technologies for PA assessment, sedentary behavior assessment, and/or interventions for PA behavior change were included. Articles were screened for inclusion and study information was extracted. Analyses were conducted from June to September 2012. Mobile phone-based journals and questionnaires, short message service (SMS) prompts, and on-body PA sensing systems were the mobile technologies most utilized. Results indicate that mobile journals and questionnaires are effective PA self-report measurement tools. Intervention studies that reported successful promotion of PA behavior change employed SMS communication, mobile journaling, or both SMS and mobile journaling. mHealth technologies are increasingly being employed to assess and intervene on PA in clinical, epidemiologic, and intervention research. The wide variations in technologies used and outcomes measured limit comparability across studies, and hamper identification of the most promising technologies. Further, the pace of technologic advancement currently outstrips that of scientific inquiry. New adaptive, sequential research designs that take advantage of ongoing technology development are needed. At the same time, scientific norms must shift to accept "smart," adaptive, iterative, evidence-based assessment and intervention technologies that will, by nature, improve during implementation. © 2013 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

40 CFR 52.1670 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 2003 and thereafter. Part 205, Architectural and Industrial Maintenance (AIM) Coatings 1/1/11 3/8/12... Coating Processes, Commercial and Industrial Adhesives, Sealants and Primers 9/30/10 3/8/12, 77 FR 13974...(a) provides for reasonably available control technology. Part 233, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic...

How different types of users develop trust in technology: a qualitative analysis of the antecedents of active and passive user trust in a shared technology.

PubMed

Xu, Jie; Le, Kim; Deitermann, Annika; Montague, Enid

2014-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the antecedents of trust in technology for active users and passive users working with a shared technology. According to the prominence-interpretation theory, to assess the trustworthiness of a technology, a person must first perceive and evaluate elements of the system that includes the technology. An experimental study was conducted with 54 participants who worked in two-person teams in a multi-task environment with a shared technology. Trust in technology was measured using a trust in technology questionnaire and antecedents of trust were elicited using an open-ended question. A list of antecedents of trust in technology was derived using qualitative analysis techniques. The following categories emerged from the antecedent: technology factors, user factors, and task factors. Similarities and differences between active users and passive user responses, in terms of trust in technology were discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Technology Transfer Activities of NASA/MSFC: Enhancing the Southeast Region's Production Capabilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trivoli, George W.

1998-01-01

The researcher was charged with the task of developing a simplified model to illustrate the impact of how NASA/MSFC technology transfer activities contribute to shifting outward the Southeast region's and the nation's productive capacity. The report is a background of the impact of technological growth on the nation's production possibility frontier (ppf).

Analysis of Web Site Activity and Technology Transfer Accomplishments

Treesearch

Daniel L. Schmoldt; Matthew F. Winn; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

Government research activities are coming under increased scrutiny to justify their research direction, and to validate research project existence. One way to justify research is to pay closer attention to research clientele, their needs and their willingness and ability to adopt new technologies. Because many research products are informational rather than tangible,...

Activity Theory as a Framework for Investigating District-Classroom System Interactions and Their Influences on Technology Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anthony, Anika Ball

2012-01-01

Technology implementation research indicates that teachers' beliefs and knowledge, as well as a host of institutional factors, can influence technology integration. Drawing on third-generation activity theory, this article conceptualizes technology implementation as a network of planning and integration activities carried out by technology…

Technology in College Unions and Student Activities: A Collection of Technology Resources from the ACUI Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of College Unions International (NJ1), 2012

2012-01-01

This publication presents a collection of technology resources from the Association of College Unions International (ACUI) community. Contents include: (1) Podcasting (Jeff Lail); (2) Video Podcasting (Ed Cabellon); (3) Building a Multimedia Production Center (Nathan Byrer); (4) Cloud Computing in the Student Union and Student Activities (TJ…

Evaluation of active control technology for short haul aircraft. [cost effectiveness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Renshaw, J. H.; Bennett, J. A.; Harris, O. C.; Honrath, J. F.; Patterson, R. W.

1975-01-01

An evaluation of the economics of short-haul aircraft designed with active controls technology and low wing-loading to achieve short field performance with good ride quality is presented. Results indicate that for such a system incorporating gust load alleviation and augmented stability the direct operating cost is better than for aircraft without active controls.

Technology Efficacy in Active Prosthetic Knees for Transfemoral Amputees: A Quantitative Evaluation

PubMed Central

El-Sayed, Amr M.; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

2014-01-01

Several studies have presented technological ensembles of active knee systems for transfemoral prosthesis. Other studies have examined the amputees' gait performance while wearing a specific active prosthesis. This paper combined both insights, that is, a technical examination of the components used, with an evaluation of how these improved the gait of respective users. This study aims to offer a quantitative understanding of the potential enhancement derived from strategic integration of core elements in developing an effective device. The study systematically discussed the current technology in active transfemoral prosthesis with respect to its functional walking performance amongst above-knee amputee users, to evaluate the system's efficacy in producing close-to-normal user performance. The performances of its actuator, sensory system, and control technique that are incorporated in each reported system were evaluated separately and numerical comparisons were conducted based on the percentage of amputees' gait deviation from normal gait profile points. The results identified particular components that contributed closest to normal gait parameters. However, the conclusion is limitedly extendable due to the small number of studies. Thus, more clinical validation of the active prosthetic knee technology is needed to better understand the extent of contribution of each component to the most functional development. PMID:25110727

Technology efficacy in active prosthetic knees for transfemoral amputees: a quantitative evaluation.

PubMed

El-Sayed, Amr M; Hamzaid, Nur Azah; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

2014-01-01

Several studies have presented technological ensembles of active knee systems for transfemoral prosthesis. Other studies have examined the amputees' gait performance while wearing a specific active prosthesis. This paper combined both insights, that is, a technical examination of the components used, with an evaluation of how these improved the gait of respective users. This study aims to offer a quantitative understanding of the potential enhancement derived from strategic integration of core elements in developing an effective device. The study systematically discussed the current technology in active transfemoral prosthesis with respect to its functional walking performance amongst above-knee amputee users, to evaluate the system's efficacy in producing close-to-normal user performance. The performances of its actuator, sensory system, and control technique that are incorporated in each reported system were evaluated separately and numerical comparisons were conducted based on the percentage of amputees' gait deviation from normal gait profile points. The results identified particular components that contributed closest to normal gait parameters. However, the conclusion is limitedly extendable due to the small number of studies. Thus, more clinical validation of the active prosthetic knee technology is needed to better understand the extent of contribution of each component to the most functional development.

[Study on molecular recognition technology in active constituents extracted and isolated from Aconitum pendulum].

PubMed

Ma, Xue-Qin; Li, Guo-Shan; Fu, Xue-Yan; Ma, Jing-Zu

2011-03-01

To investigate CD molecular recognition technology applied in active constituents extracted and isolated from traditional Chinese medicine--Aconitum pendulum. The inclusion constant and form probability of the inclusion complex of Aconitum pendulum with p-CD was calculated by UV spectra method. The active constituents of Aconitum pendulum were extracted and isolated by molecular recognition technology. The inclusion complex was identified by UV. The chemical constituents of Aconitum pendulum and inclusion complex was determined by HPLC. The analgesic effects of inclusion complex was investigated by experiment of intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in rats. The inclusion complex was identified and confirmed by UV spectra method, the chemical components of inclusion complex were simple, and the content of active constituents increased significantly, the analgesic effects of inclusion complex was well. The molecular recognition technology can be used for extracting and isolating active constituents of Aconitum pendulum, and the effects are obvious.

[A new information technology for system diagnosis of functional activity of human organs].

PubMed

Avshalumov, A Sh; Sudakov, K V; Filaretov, G F

2006-01-01

The goal of this work was to consider a new diagnostic technology based on analysis of objective information parameters of functional activity and interaction of normal and pathologically changed human organs. The technology is based on the use of very low power millimeter (EHF) radiation emitted by human body and other biological objects in the process of vital activity. The importance of consideration of the information aspect of vital activity from the standpoint of the theory of functional systems suggested by P. K. Anokhin is emphasized. The suggested information technology is theoretically substantiated. The capabilities of the suggested technology for diagnosis, as well as the difficulties of its practical implementation caused by very low power of electromagnetic fields generated by human body, are discussed. It is noted that only use of modern radiophysical equipment together with new software based on specially developed algorithms made it possible to construct a medical EHF diagnostic system for effective implementation of the suggested technology. The system structure, functions of its components, the examination procedure, and the form of representation of diagnostic information are described together with the specific features of applied software based on the principle of maximal objectivity of analysis and interpretation of the results of diagnosis on the basis of artificial intelligence algorithms. The diagnostic capabilities of the system are illustrated by several examples.

The impact of active controls technology on the structural integrity of aeronautical vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Thomas E.; Austin, Edward; Donley, Shawn; Graham, George; Harris, Terry; Kaynes, Ian; Lee, Ben; Sparrow, James

1993-01-01

The findings of an investigation conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) to assess the impact of active controls technology on the structural integrity of aeronautical vehicles and to evaluate the present state-of-the-art for predicting loads caused by a flight-control system modification and the resulting change in the fatigue life of the flight vehicle are summarized. Important points concerning structural technology considerations implicit in applying active controls technology in new aircraft are summarized. These points are well founded and based upon information received from within the aerospace industry and government laboratories, acquired by sponsoring workshops which brought together experts from contributing and interacting technical disciplines, and obtained by conducting a case study to independently assess the state of the technology. The paper concludes that communication between technical disciplines is absolutely essential in the design of future high performance aircraft.

Student Activity Ideas for the Technology Sequence Systems and Foundation Courses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany.

This publication provides single-page outlines of brief ideas for high school student activities in each of the System and Foundation Courses of the New York State technology sequence. The idea outlines are provided as a resource to assist teachers in the development of student learning activities. The six courses for which ideas are presented are…

Low Power Camera-on-a-Chip Using CMOS Active Pixel Sensor Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fossum, E. R.

1995-01-01

A second generation image sensor technology has been developed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a result of the continuing need to miniaturize space science imaging instruments. Implemented using standard CMOS, the active pixel sensor (APS) technology permits the integration of the detector array with on-chip timing, control and signal chain electronics, including analog-to-digital conversion.

Thermally activated ("thermal") battery technology. Part IV. Anode materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guidotti, Ronald A.; Masset, Patrick J.

In this paper, the history of anode materials developed for use in thermally activated ("thermal") batteries is presented. The chemistries (phases) and electrochemical characteristics (discharge mechanisms) of these materials are described, along with general thermodynamic properties, where available. This paper is the last of a five-part series that presents a general review of thermal-battery technology.

Persuasive Technology in Mobile Applications Promoting Physical Activity: a Systematic Review.

PubMed

Matthews, John; Win, Khin Than; Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri; Freeman, Mark

2016-03-01

Persuasive technology in mobile applications can be used to influence the behaviour of users. A framework known as the Persuasive Systems Design model has been developed for designing and evaluating systems that influence the attitudes or behaviours of users. This paper reviews the current state of mobile applications for health behavioural change with an emphasis on applications that promote physical activity. The inbuilt persuasive features of mobile applications were evaluated using the Persuasive Systems Design model. A database search was conducted to identify relevant articles. Articles were then reviewed using the Persuasive Systems Design model as a framework for analysis. Primary task support, dialogue support, and social support were found to be moderately represented in the selected articles. However, system credibility support was found to have only low levels of representation as a persuasive systems design feature in mobile applications for supporting physical activity. To ensure that available mobile technology resources are best used to improve the wellbeing of people, it is important that the design principles that influence the effectiveness of persuasive technology be understood.

Remote Monitoring Technologies for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: The Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) Study

PubMed Central

Stuckey, Melanie; Fulkerson, Robyn; Read, Emily; Russell-Minda, Elizabeth; Munoz, Claudio; Kleinstiver, Peter; Petrella, Robert

2011-01-01

Objectives Remote monitoring technologies are ideally suited for rural communities with limited access to health care. In an 8-week pilot study, we examined the feasibility of implementing and conducting a technology-intensive intervention in an underserviced rural setting. Our goal was to test the utility of self-monitoring technologies, physical activity, and education as tools to manage health indicators for the development of the cardiovascular complications (CVCs) of type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Methods The Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity study was an open single-center study conducted in a community-based research setting. All 24 participants were provided with a Blackberry™ Smartphone, blood pressure monitor, glucometer, and pedometer. Smartphones transmitted measurements and survey results to the database, interfaced participants with the clinical team, and allowed for self-monitoring. Results Outcomes were improved body composition, improved markers of CVC risk factors, increased daily exercise, and interest in or awareness of lifestyle changes that impact health outcomes. Participants had excellent compliance for measurements, as self-monitoring provided a sense of security that improved from week 4 to week 8. Conclusions Our team gained substantial insight into the operational requirements of technology-facilitated health care, including redefined hours of service; data reporting, management, and access protocols; and the utility of real-time clinical measures by remote monitoring. We developed an understanding of knowledge translation strategies as well as successful motivational and educational tools. Importantly, remote monitoring technology was found to be feasible and accepted in a rural setting. PMID:21880237