A Common Miscitation of William Gilbert

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Sluijs, Marinus Anthony

2014-04-01

Dozens of scientific textbooks [e.g., Spaldin, 2011, p. v; Krijgsman and Langereis, 2009, p. 252; Prölls, 2004, p. 211; Merrill et al., 1996, p. 7; Livingston, 1996, p. 27; Blakely, 1996, pp. xiv, 154; Gillmor, 1990, p. 9] attribute the famous dictum magnus magnes ipse est globus terrestris ("the terrestrial globe is itself a big magnet") to the English physician and scientist William Gilbert (1544-1603). It is repeatedly claimed that these words were contained in the title of Gilbert's book or one of his chapters [e.g., Carlowicz and Lopez, 2002, n.p.; Courtillot, 2002, pp. 26, 49; Lang and Whitney, 1991, p. 120]. Certainly, they convey the thrust of Gilbert's De Magnete, in which it was argued for the first time that the Earth sustains its own magnetic dipole field, on the basis of experimentation on magnets.

Pre-gilbertian conceptions of terrestrial magnetism

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, P.J.

1968-01-01

It is now well known that William Gilbert, in his De Magnete of 1600, first suggested that the earth behaves as a great magnet. By their very nature, however, such explicit statements tend, in retrospect, to be emphasised at the expense of less explicit antecedent ideas and experiments, with the result that, in the example under consideration here, the impression has sometimes been given that before Gilbert there was not the slightest suspicion that the earth exerts influence on the magnetic needle. In fact, Gilbert's conclusion represented the culmination of many centuries of thought and experimentation on the subject. This essay traces the main steps in the evolutionary process from the idea that magnetic 'virtue' derived from the heave, through the gradual realisation that magnetism is closely associated with the earth, up to the time of Gilbert's definite statement. ?? 1968.

19. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) BRIDGES BETWEEN WAREHOUSE A AND PIERS - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

21. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) ERECTION PLAN-PIER NO. 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 4, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Age and intrusive relations of the Lamarck granodiorite and associated mafic plutons, Sierra Nevada, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joye, J.L.; Bachl, C.A.; Miller, J.S.

The compositionally zoned Late Cretaceous Lamarck granodiorite, west of Bishop, hosts numerous mafic intrusions ranging from hornblende gabbro to mafic granodiorite. Frost and Mahood (1987) suggested from field relations that the Lamarck and the associated mafic plutons were co-intrusive. Contact relations between the Lamarck host and the mafic intrusions are variable (sharp to diffuse) and in places suggest commingling. In order to constrain the intrusive relationships between the Lamarck and its associated mafic plutons, the authors have analyzed feldspars from the Mt. Gilbert pluton and the Lamarck granodiorite to see if feldspar compositions in the Mt. Gilbert overlap those inmore » the Lamarck host and determined U-Pb zircon ages for the Mt. Gilbert and Lake Sabrina plutons to see if they have the same age as the Lamarck granodiorite. Feldspars from the Lamarck granodiorite are normally zoned and range compositionally from An[sub 38--32]; those in the Mt. Gilbert diorite are also normally zoned but range compositionally from An[sub 49--41] and do not overlap the Lamarck host. Four to five zircon fractions from each pluton were handpicked and dated using U-Pb methods. The Mt. Gilbert mafic diorite has a concordant age of 92.5 Ma and the Lake Sabrina diorite has a concordant age of 91.5 Ma. Ages for the two plutons overlap within error, but multiple fractions from each suggest that the Lake Sabrina pluton is slightly younger than the Mt. Gilbert pluton. These data and field relationships indicate: (1) plagioclase phenocrysts in the Mt. Gilbert pluton were not derived from the Lamarck granodiorite despite their textural similarity; but (2) the Lamarck granodiorite and its associated mafic plutons are co-intrusive as supported by the close agreement of the ages with the crystallization age obtained by Stern and others for the Lamarck granodiorite.« less

15. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) TYPICAL DETAILS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

14. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) SECTIONS AND DETAILS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

13. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) ARMY SUPPLY BASE-PLAN OF CONSTRUCTION PLANT - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Gilbert Damping Parameter in MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions from First Principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Hui-Min; Xia, Ke

2017-03-01

We perform a first-principles study of the Gilbert damping parameter (α ) in normal-metal/MgO-cap/ferromagnet/MgO-barrier/ferromagnetic magnetic tunnel junctions. The damping is enhanced by interface spin pumping, which can be parametrized by the spin-mixing conductance (G↑↓ ). The calculated dependence of Gilbert damping on the thickness of the MgO capping layer is consistent with experiment and indicates that the decreases in α with increasing thickness of the MgO capping layer is caused by suppression of spin pumping. Smaller α can be achieved by using a clean interface and alloys. For a thick MgO capping layer, the imaginary part of the spin-mixing conductance nearly equals the real part, and the large imaginary mixing conductance implies that the change in the frequency of ferromagnetic resonance can be observed experimentally. The normal-metal cap significantly affects the Gilbert damping.

16. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) DETAILS OF INSHORE ENDS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

18. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) PLANS AND SECTIONS, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

17. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) DETAILS OF OUTSHORE ENDS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

78 FR 28945 - Open Meeting of the Taxpayer Advocacy Panel Joint Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... Gilbert. For more information please contact Ms. Gilbert at 1-888-912-1227 or (515) 564-6638 or write: TAP....improveirs.org . The agenda will include various committee issues for submission to the IRS and other TAP...

Taking Your Talents to Business Communications: Analyzing Effective Communication through LeBron James's Career Moves

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manisaligil, Alperen; Bilimoria, Diana

2016-01-01

We describe an in-class activity that helps students improve their skills in media selection and use to reinforce effective communication. The activity builds on media richness and channel expansion theories through an examination of the media selection and use of NBA athlete LeBron James and Cleveland Cavaliers majority owner Dan Gilbert during…

Emergence of anisotropic Gilbert damping in ultrathin Fe layers on GaAs(001)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, L.; Mankovsky, S.; Wimmer, S.; Schoen, M. A. W.; Körner, H. S.; Kronseder, M.; Schuh, D.; Bougeard, D.; Ebert, H.; Weiss, D.; Back, C. H.

2018-05-01

As a fundamental parameter in magnetism, the phenomenological Gilbert damping constant α determines the performance of many spintronic devices. For most magnetic materials, α is treated as an isotropic parameter entering the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. However, could the Gilbert damping be anisotropic? Although several theoretical approaches have suggested that anisotropic α could appear in single-crystalline bulk systems, experimental evidence of its existence is scarce. Here, we report the emergence of anisotropic magnetic damping by exploring a quasi-two-dimensional single-crystalline ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor interface—that is, a Fe/GaAs(001) heterojunction. The observed anisotropic damping shows twofold C2v symmetry, which is expected from the interplay of interfacial Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction, and is manifested by the anisotropic density of states at the Fe/GaAs (001) interface. This discovery of anisotropic damping will enrich the understanding of magnetization relaxation mechanisms and can provide a route towards the search for anisotropic damping at other ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor interfaces.

2016 Gilbert W. Beebe symposium

Cancer.gov

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is hosting the 2016 Gilbert W. Beebe Symposium. Its focus will be on commemorating the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and discussing the achievements of 30 years of studies on the radiation health effects following the accident and future research directions.

The Very Model of a Not-So-Modern Musical: Producing a Gilbert and Sullivan Operetta.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, John D.; Curry, Robert A.

2002-01-01

Describes the experiences of Highland High School (Salt Lake City, Utah) as they produced Gilbert and Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance." Discusses the theatre director's role, the music director's role, and production techniques. Concludes the experience was rewarding and enjoyable. (RS)

The Harmony Specialist

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Catherine Applefeld

2008-01-01

This article profiles Beth Gilbert, a veteran Arizona string teacher who finds inspiration in teamwork--and her students. Growing up in Ohio, Gilbert enjoyed participating in her high school orchestra. Nevertheless she entered the University of Arizona as a marine biology major, choosing a field of study that she had planned to parlay into a…

Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model: Contemporary Support for an Established Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crossman, Donna Cangelosi

2010-01-01

This study was an effort to add to the body of research surrounding Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model (BEM). The model was tested to determine its ability to explain factor relationships of organizational safety culture in a high-risk work environment. Three contextual variables were measured: communication, resource availability, and…

Antimalarial Activity of the Chemical Constituents of the Leaf Latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe.

PubMed

Teka, Tekleab; Bisrat, Daniel; Yeshak, Mariamawit Yonathan; Asres, Kaleab

2016-10-28

Malaria is one of the three major global public health threats due to a wide spread resistance of the parasites to the standard antimalarial drugs. Considering this growing problem, the ethnomedicinal approach in the search for new antimalarial drugs from plant sources has proven to be more effective and inexpensive. The leaves of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe, an endemic Ethiopian plant, are locally used for the treatment of malaria and other infectious diseases. Application of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima on preparative silica gel TLC led to the isolation of two C -glycosylated anthrones, identified as nataloin ( 1 ) and 7-hydroxyaloin ( 2 ) by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, ¹H- and 13 C-NMR, HR-ESIMS). Both the latex and isolated compounds displayed antimalarial activity in a dose-independent manner using a four-day suppressive test, with the highest percent suppression of 56.2% achieved at 200 mg/kg/day for 2 . The results indicate that both the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima and its two major constituents are endowed with antiplasmodial activities, which support the traditional use of the leaves of the plant for the treatment of malaria.

Preface to anthropogenic fluvial sedimentation: Centennial celebration of G.K. Gilbert's Hydraulic-Mining Débris in the Sierra Nevada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

James, L. Allan; Phillips, Jonathan D.; Lecce, Scott A.

2017-10-01

This special issue celebrates the centennial of the publication of G.K. Gilbert's (1917) monograph, Hydraulic-Mining Débris in the Sierra Nevada, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 105 (PP105). Reasons to celebrate PP105 are manifold. It was the last of four classic monographs that Gilbert wrote in a career that spanned five decades. The monograph, PP105, introduced several important concepts and provided an integrated view of watersheds that was uncommon in its day. It also provided an extreme, lucid example of anthropogenic changes and legacy sediment and how to approach such large-scale phenomena from an objective, quantitative basis.

Quantum mechanism of nonlocal Gilbert damping in magnetic trilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barati, Ehsan; Cinal, Marek

2015-06-01

A fully quantum-mechanical calculation of the Gilbert damping constant α in magnetic trilayers is done by employing the torque-correlation formula within a realistic tight-binding model. A remarkable enhancement of α in Co/NM1/NM2 trilayers is obtained due to adding the caps NM2=Pd, Pt, and it decays with the thickness of the spacers NM1=Cu, Ag, Au in agreement with experiment. Nonlocal origin of the Gilbert damping is visualized with its atomic layer contributions. It is shown that magnetization in Co is damped remotely by strong spin-orbit coupling in NM2 via quantum states with large amplitude in both Co and NM2.

National Geographic Education. An Interview with Gilbert M. Grosvenor, President and Chairman of the Board, National Geographic Society.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jumper, Sidney R.

1991-01-01

Presents an interview with Gilbert Grosvenor, president and chairman of the board of the National Geographic Society. Examines student and public ignorance about geography. Describes the Society's Geography Education Project, Geographic Alliance Project, and Education Foundation. Includes Grosvenor's call for greater emphasis on geography in…

An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molenaar, Peter C. M.

2015-01-01

The main theme of this paper concerns the persistent critique of Gilbert Gottlieb on developmental behavior genetics and my reactions to this critique, the latter changing from rejection to complete acceptation. Concise characterizations of developmental behavior genetics, developmental systems theory (to which Gottlieb made essential…

Portrait Face-Off: Gilbert Stuart vs. Peter Max

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crumpecker, Cheryl

2012-01-01

When art classes are short and infrequent, it is always a challenge to meet required state and national standards. A unit comparing and contrasting Peter Max's Pop art portraits with the realistic style of Gilbert Stuart's presidential portraits provides an opportunity to address a huge number of these requirements. Focus can change with the age…

Lower Badenian coarse-grained Gilbert deltas in the southern margin of the Western Carpathian Foredeep basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nehyba, Slavomír

2018-02-01

Two coarse-grained Gilbert-type deltas in the Lower Badenian deposits along the southern margin of the Western Carpathian Foredeep (peripheral foreland basin) were newly interpreted. Facies characterizing a range of depositional processes are assigned to four facies associations — topset, foreset, bottomset and offshore marine pelagic deposits. The evidence of Gilbert deltas within open marine deposits reflects the formation of a basin with relatively steep margins connected with a relative sea level fall, erosion and incision. Formation, progradation and aggradation of the thick coarse-grained Gilbert delta piles generally indicate a dramatic increase of sediment supply from the hinterland, followed by both relatively continuous sediment delivery and an increase in accommodation space. Deltaic deposition is terminated by relatively rapid and extended drowning and is explained as a transgressive event. The lower Gilbert delta was significantly larger, more areally extended and reveals a more complicated stratigraphic architecture than the upper one. Its basal surface represents a sequence boundary and occurs around the Karpatian/Badenian stratigraphic limit. Two coeval deltaic branches were recognized in the lower delta with partly different stratigraphic arrangements. This different stratigraphic architecture is mostly explained by variations in the sediment delivery and /or predisposed paleotopography and paleobathymetry of the basin floor. The upper delta was recognized only in a restricted area. Its basal surface represents a sequence boundary probably reflecting a higher order cycle of a relative sea level rise and fall within the Lower Badenian. Evidence of two laterally and stratigraphically separated coarse-grained Gilbert deltas indicates two regional/basin wide transgressive/regressive cycles, but not necessarily of the same order. Provenance analysis reveals similar sources of both deltas. Several partial source areas were identified (Mesozoic carbonates of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Western Carpathians, crystalline rocks of the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif, older sedimentary infill of the Carpathian Foredeep and/or the North Alpine Foreland Basin, sedimentary rocks of the Western Carpathian/Alpine Flysch Zone).

Rivers turned to rock: Late Quaternary alluvial induration influencing the behaviour and morphology of an anabranching river in the Australian monsoon tropics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nanson, Gerald C.; Jones, Brian G.; Price, David M.; Pietsch, Timothy J.

2005-09-01

Late Quaternary alluvial induration has greatly influenced contemporary channel morphology on the anabranching Gilbert River in the monsoon tropics of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Gilbert, one of a number of rivers in this region, has contributed to an extensive system of coalescing low-gradient and partly indurated riverine plains. Extensive channel sands were deposited by enhanced flow conditions during marine oxygen isotope (OI) Stage 5. Subsequent flow declined, probably associated with increased aridity, however, enhanced runoff recurred again in OI Stages 4-3 (˜65-50 ka). Aridity then capped these plains with 4-7 m of mud. A widespread network of sandy distributary channels was incised into this muddy surface from sometime after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the mid Holocene during a fluvial episode more active than the present but less so than those of OI Stages 5 and 3. This network is still partly active but with channel avulsion and abandonment now occurring largely proximal to the main Gilbert flow path. A tropical climate and reactive catchment lithology have enhanced chemical weathering and lithification of alluvium along the river resulting in the formation of small rapids, waterfalls and inset gorges, features characteristic more of bedrock than alluvial systems. Thermoluminescence (TL) and comparative optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of the sediments are presented along with U/Th ages of pedogenic calcrete and Fe/Mn oxyhydroxide/ oxide accumulations. They show that calcrete precipitated during the Late Quaternary at times similar to those that favoured ferricrete formation, possibly because of an alternating wet-dry climate. Intense chemical alteration of the alluvium leading to induration appears to have prevailed for much of the Late Quaternary but, probably due to exceptional dryness, not during the LGM. The result has been restricted channel migration and a reduced capacity for the channel to adjust and accommodate sudden changes in bedload. Consequent avulsions have caused local stream powers to increase by an order of magnitude, inducing knickpoint erosion, local incision and the sudden influx of additional bedload that has triggered further avulsions. The Gilbert River, while less energetic than its Pleistocene ancestors, is clearly an avulsive system, and emphasizes the importance in some tropical rivers of alluvial induration for reinforcing the banks, generating nickpoints, reworking sediment and thereby developing and maintaining an indurated and anabranching river style.

Situation Report--Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Laos, Liberia, Republic of Vietnam, Seychelles, Tahiti (French Polynesia).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Data relating to population and family planning in eight foreign countries are presented in these situation reports. Countries included are Dominical Republic, Ethiopia, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Laos, Liberia, Republic of Vietnam, Seychelles, and Tahiti (French Polynesia). Information is provided, where appropriate and available, under two…

Situation Report--Algeria, Bangladesh, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Iran, Jordan, New Zealand, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Data relating to population and family planning in nine foreign countries are presented in these situation reports. Countries included are Algeria, Bangledesh, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Iran, Jordan, New Zealand, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone. Information is provided under two topics, general background and family planning situation, where…

Sex Discrimination--Court Narrows Gilbert--Some Pregnancy Discrimination Is Sex Related.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Claudia G.; Powers, Jean C.

1978-01-01

Issues concerning sex discrimination based on pregnancy, presented in Nashville Gas Co. vs. Satty, and the Supreme Court's treatment of the issues are examined. The way in which the Satty opinion limits the scope of the General Electric Co. vs. Gilbert decision, and an analysis of the implications of the Satty decision are included. (JMD)

Exploring the Consequences of IED Deployment with a Generalized Linear Model Implementation of the Canadian Traveller Problem

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-30

Erdos- Renyi -Gilbert random graph [Erdos and Renyi , 1959; Gilbert, 1959], the Watts-Strogatz “small world” framework [Watts and Strogatz, 1998], and the...2003). Evolution of Networks. Oxford University Press, USA. Erdos, P. and Renyi , A. (1959). On Random Graphs. Publications Mathematicae, 6 290–297

Backus-Gilbert inversion of travel time data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, L. E.

1972-01-01

Application of the Backus-Gilbert theory for geophysical inverse problems to the seismic body wave travel-time problem is described. In particular, it is shown how to generate earth models that fit travel-time data to within one standard error and having generated such models how to describe their degree of uniqueness. An example is given to illustrate the process.

76 FR 31491 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; Closure of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

...: (978) 281-9135, Attn: Emily Gilbert; Mail to NMFS, Northeast Regional Office, 55 Great Republic Dr... formats only. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Emily Gilbert, Fishery Policy Analyst, 978-281-9244; fax... landings from NLS. This amount of landings would jeopardize the fishery's ability to remain below the ACL...

Author's Response to Commentaries on: "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molenaar, Peter C. M.

2015-01-01

In this article, Peter Molenaar responds to three commentaries (this issue) on his article, "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics." He addresses aspects of relational developmental systems (RDS) mentioned and questions raised in each of the…

A Response to Shelby Gilbert's "A Study of Ogbu and Simons' Thesis"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, C. Matthew

2009-01-01

This article responds to Shelby Gilbert's "A Study of Ogbu and Simon's Thesis." The author begins by saying that he thinks that this study of examining Ogbu and Simons' thesis (to investigate school performance of Black immigrant and non-immigrant students in the United States) makes a thought-provoking contribution to overall discussions…

First-principles calculation of the effects of tetragonal distortions on the Gilbert damping parameter of Co2MnSi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pradines, B.; Arras, R.; Calmels, L.

2017-05-01

We present an ab initio study of the influence of the tetragonal distortion, on the static and dynamic (Gilbert damping parameter) magnetic properties of a Co2MnSi crystal. This tetragonal distortion can for instance be due to strain, when Co2MnSi is grown on a substrate with a small lattice mismatch. Using fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) calculations, in conjunction with the coherent potential approximation (CPA) to describe atomic disorder and the linear response formalism to compute the Gilbert damping parameter, we show that a tetragonal distortion can substantially change the properties of Co2MnSi, in a way which depends on the kind of atomic disorder.

A 75 GHz regenerative dynamic frequency divider with active transformer using InGaAs/InP HBT technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xi; Zhang, Bichan; Zhao, Hua; Su, Yongbo; Muhammad, Asif; Guo, Dong; Jin, Zhi

2017-08-01

This letter presents a high speed 2:1 regenerative dynamic frequency divider with an active transformer fabricated in 0.7 μm InP DHBT technology with {f}{{T}} of 165 GHz and {f}\\max of 230 GHz. The circuit includes a two-stage active transformer, input buffer, divider core and output buffer. The core part of the frequency divider is composed of a double-balanced active mixer (widely known as the Gilbert cell) and a regenerative feedback loop. The active transformer with two stages can contribute to positive gain and greatly improve phase difference. Instead of the passive transformer, the active one occupies a much smaller chip area. The area of the chip is only 469× 414 μ {{{m}}}2 and it entirely consumes a total DC power of only 94.6 mW from a single -4.8 V DC supply. The measured results present that the divider achieves an operating frequency bandwidth from 75 to 80 GHz, and performs a -23 dBm maximum output power at 37.5 GHz with a 0 dBm input signal of 75 GHz.

What's Eating Gilbert Grape?: A Case Study of Chronic Illness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander, Matthew; Waxman, Dael; White, Patricia

2006-01-01

Cinemeducation refers to the use of movies or movie clips to educate learners about the psychosocial aspects of health care. This paper describes the use of a clip from the movie, "What's Eating Gilbert Grape?" to teach medical students about chronic illness. The clip is used to set up a case study based on the lead character, Gilbert…

Turning Aspirations into Reality: Ensuring Female and Minority Representation in the US Air Force Officer Corps and Senior Leader Ranks

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

Roosevelt Thomas, “From Affirmative Action to Affirming Diversity,” Harvard Business Review 68 (1990): 107-117. 48 Ivancevich , J. M., & Gilbert, J. A...2009). Ivancevich , J. M., & Gilbert, J. A. “Diversity Management: Time for a New Approach.” Public Personnel Management 29 (2000): 75-92. 84

Gilbert [Gilberd], William (1544-1603)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Doctor and scientist, born in Colchester, England, wrote De Magnete (On the Magnet), published in 1600. The magnetic compass was one of most useful the navigational instruments before the chronometer, but little was known about the lodestone (magnetic iron ore). Gilbert made his own experiments, such as testing the folk-belief that garlic destroys the magnetic effect of the compass needle. He dra...

Through the Use of Gilbert's Behavioral Engineering Model, What Changes Can Management Make to Increase Blood Donations?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Heather Gordy

2010-01-01

The mixed method study focused on increasing blood donations from staff who work in a blood collecting organization and relies on Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model as a framework. The qualitative phase of the study involved focus groups. Information from the focus groups and the literature review were used to create hypotheses. A survey was…

An amateur's contribution to the design of Telford's Menai Suspension Bridge: a commentary on Gilbert (1826) ‘On the mathematical theory of suspension bridges’

PubMed Central

Calladine, C. R.

2015-01-01

Davies Gilbert's work on the catenary is notable on two counts. First, it influenced Thomas Telford in formulating his final design for the Menai Strait suspension bridge (1826); and second, it established for the first time the form of the ‘catenary of equal strength’. The classical catenary is a uniform flexible chain or cable hanging freely under gravity between supports. The ‘catenary of equal strength’ is the form of a cable whose cross-sectional area is made proportional to the tension at each point, so that the tensile stress is uniform throughout. In this paper I provide a sketch of the lives and achievements of Gilbert and Telford, and of their interaction over the Menai Bridge. There follows a commentary on Gilbert's 1826 paper, and on his two related publications; and a brief sketch of the earlier history of the catenary. I then describe the development of the suspension bridge up to the present time. Finally, I discuss relations between mathematical analysts and practical engineers. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. PMID:25750153

An amateur's contribution to the design of Telford's Menai Suspension Bridge: a commentary on Gilbert (1826) 'On the mathematical theory of suspension bridges'.

PubMed

Calladine, C R

2015-04-13

Davies Gilbert's work on the catenary is notable on two counts. First, it influenced Thomas Telford in formulating his final design for the Menai Strait suspension bridge (1826); and second, it established for the first time the form of the 'catenary of equal strength'. The classical catenary is a uniform flexible chain or cable hanging freely under gravity between supports. The 'catenary of equal strength' is the form of a cable whose cross-sectional area is made proportional to the tension at each point, so that the tensile stress is uniform throughout. In this paper I provide a sketch of the lives and achievements of Gilbert and Telford, and of their interaction over the Menai Bridge. There follows a commentary on Gilbert's 1826 paper, and on his two related publications; and a brief sketch of the earlier history of the catenary. I then describe the development of the suspension bridge up to the present time. Finally, I discuss relations between mathematical analysts and practical engineers. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

Intrinsic Gilbert Damping in Metallic Ferromagnets in Ballistic Regime and the Effect of Inelastic Electron Scattering from Magnetic Moments: A Time Dependent Keldysh Green Function Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahfouzi, Farzad; Kioussis, Nicholas

Gilbert damping in metallic ferromagnets is mainly governed by the exchange coupling between the electrons and the magnetic degree of freedom, where the time dependent evolution of the magnetization leads to the excitation of electrons and loss of energy as a result of flow of spin and charge currents. However, it turns out that when the magnetization evolves slowly in time, in the presence of spin-orbit interaction (SOI), the resonant electronic excitations has a major contribution to the damping which leads to infinite result in ballistic regime. In this work we consider the inelastic spin-flip scattering of electrons from the magnetic moments and show that in the presence of SOI it leads to the relaxation of the excited electrons. We show that in the case of clean crystal systems such scattering leads to a linear dependence of the Gilbert on the SOI strength and in the limit of diffusive systems we get the Gilbert damping expression obtained from Kambersky's Fermi breathing approach. This research was supported by NSF-PREM Grant No. DMR-1205734

ICORE '98: Proceedings from the International Conference on Outdoor Recreation and Education (12th, Fort Walton Beach, Florida, October 20-24, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Rob, Comp.

This proceedings of a conference on outdoor recreation and education contains conference papers and summaries of presentations and panel sessions. Following a summary of conference activities, the 14 entries are: "Working Together in Outdoor Programming: How Can It Work for You?" (W. T. Taylor, Jim Gilbert, Patsy Kott, Linda…

Comics and the Structure of Childhood Feeling: Sublimation and the Play of Pretending in Gilbert Hernandez's "Marble Season"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewkowich, David

2016-01-01

In this paper, I study the narrative structure of comics as a means to describe the ways that indeterminate modes of representation can allow the reader to imagine that which in childhood can never be fully expressed. Analyzing a number of panels from Gilbert Hernandez's graphic novel, "Marble Season," I describe a conceptual link…

Intensive Archeological Survey, Proposed Advanced Measures Flood Control Project. Volume 2. Hampton Township, Bay County, Michigan

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

Associates, Bay City, Michigan. Weesies, Glenn A. 1980 Soil Survey of Bay County, Michigan. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation...Manager, archeological testing, Trailblazer Pipeline Project, Nebraska, and Wyoming. 1980 Principal Investigator/Project Manager, cultural...Michigan. Gilbert/Commonwealth Techni- cal Report R-2256. 1981 A Cultural Resource Survey of the Hiawatha National Forest ( 1980 ). Gilbert/Commonwealth

Inputs and internal cycling of nitrogen to a causeway influenced, hypersaline lake, Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Naftz, David L.

2017-01-01

Nitrogen inputs to Great Salt Lake (GSL), located in the western USA, were quantified relative to the resident nitrogen mass in order to better determine numeric nutrient criteria that may be considered at some point in the future. Total dissolved nitrogen inputs from four surface-water sources entering GSL were modeled during the 5-year study period (2010–2014) and ranged from 1.90 × 106 to 5.56 × 106 kg/year. The railroad causeway breach was a significant conduit for the export of dissolved nitrogen from Gilbert to Gunnison Bay, and in 2011 and 2012, net losses of total nitrogen mass from Gilbert Bay via the Causeway breach were 9.59 × 105 and 1.51 × 106 kg. Atmospheric deposition (wet + dry) was a significant source of nitrogen to Gilbert Bay, exceeding the dissolved nitrogen load contributed via the Farmington Bay causeway surface-water input by >100,000 kg during 2 years of the study. Closure of two railroad causeway culverts in 2012 and 2013 likely initiated a decreasing trend in the volume of the higher density Deep Brine Layer and associated declines in total dissolved nitrogen mass contained in this layer. The large dissolved nitrogen pool in Gilbert Bay relative to the amount of nitrogen contributed by surface-water inflow sources is consistent with the terminal nature of GSL and the predominance of internal nutrient cycling. The opening of the new railroad causeway breach in 2016 will likely facilitate more efficient bidirectional flow between Gilbert and Gunnison Bays, resulting in potentially substantial changes in nutrient pools within GSL.

The role of sediment supply in large-scale stratigraphic architecture of ancient Gilbert-type deltas (Pliocene Siena-Radicofani Basin, Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martini, Ivan; Ambrosetti, Elisa; Sandrelli, Fabio

2017-04-01

Aggradation, progradation and retrogradation are the main patterns that define the large-scale architecture of Gilbert-type deltas. These patterns are governed by the ratio between the variation in accommodation space and sediment supply experienced during delta growth. Sediment supply variations are difficult to estimate in ancient settings; hence, it is rarely possible to assess its significance in the large-scale stratigraphic architecture of Gilbert-type deltas. This paper presents a stratigraphic analysis of a Pliocene deltaic complex composed of two coeval and narrowly spaced deltaic branches. The two branches recorded the same tectonic- and climate-induced accommodation space variations. As a result, this deltaic complex represents a natural laboratory for testing the effects of sediment supply variations on the stratigraphic architecture of Gilbert-type deltas. The field data suggest that a sediment supply which is able to counteract the accommodation generated over time promotes the aggradational/progradational attitude of Gilbert-type deltas, as well as the development of thick foreset deposits. By contrast, if the sediment supply is not sufficient for counterbalancing the generated accommodation, an aggradational/retrogradational stratigraphic architecture is promoted. In this case, the deltaic system is forced to withdraw during the different phases of generation of accommodation, with the subsequent flooding of previously deposited sub-horizontal topset deposits (i.e., the delta plain). The subsequent deltaic progradation occurs above these deposits and, consequently, the available space for foresets growth is limited to the water depth between the base-level and the older delta plain. This leads to the vertical stacking of relatively thin deltaic deposits with an overall aggradatational/retrogradational attitude.

Sequential Electrolytic Degradation of Energetic Compounds in Groundwater

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-11-12

Investigators: Dave Gilbert, Ph.D. and Tom Sale, Ph.D. Date: November 12, 2004 Revision: 1.0 Distribution Statement A: Approved for...Degradation of Energetic Compounds in Groundwater 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Dave Gilbert, Ph.D. and...catholyte include MNX and nitramide indicating that reduction pathways suggested by others are likely ( Bonin , et al., 2004). As in the TNT

Differential Treatment of Pregnancy in Employment: The Impact of "General Electric Co. v. Gilbert" and "Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Ellen T.

1978-01-01

After discussing the facts and reasoning of the two cases (General Electric Co. vs Gilbert and Nashville Gas Co. vs Satty), the author argues that the decisions are largely the product of pregnancy stereotypes and that the Court's reasoning is flawed and should not be applied outside the context of pregnancy. Journal availability: see EA 511 481.…

Regulatory Fit and Equal Opportunity/Diversity: Implications for DEOMI

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

than demographic diversity ( Ivancevich & Gilbert, 2000); the goal of equality is to create and manage a heterogeneous mix of abilities, skills, ideas...accepted. Recruiting of minorities and women are not seen as violations of EO laws (Kravitz, 2008; Newman & Lyon , 2009; Pyburn, et al., 2008). Similarly...209-213. REGULATORY FIT AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/DIVERSITY 23 Ivancevich , J. M. & Gilbert, J. A. (2000). Diversity management: Time for a new approach

Mild Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency During Development Compromises Activity-Dependent Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Rats

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

behavioral measures of learning and memory in adult offspring of rats treated with thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, propylthiouracil.Electrophysiological measures of 'memory' in form of plasticity model known as long term potentiation (LTP)Molecular changes induced by LTPThis dataset is associated with the following publication:Gilbert , M., K. Sanchez-Huerta, and C. Wood. Mild Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency During Development Compromises Activity-Dependent Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus of Adult Make Rats. ENDOCRINOLOGY. Endocrine Society, 157(2): 774-87, (2016).

Guide Manual for Preparation of Water Balances

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

boundaries for the AGUA study (39). This figure was developed from a LANDSAT photograph of the Albuquerque, New Mexico area. It clearly shows the boundaries of...Guide to Water-Management Alternatives. USGS Professional Paper 627-F. 12. Gilbert, J. B. and Associates, 1977. Report on Water Conservation Reuse and...Report on Water Conservation Reuse and Supply, San Francisco Bay Region, prepared by J. B. Gilbert and Associates, 1978. (12) Purposes of this study

Introduction to Holographic Interferometry Applied to Strain Determination.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

pp 555-567. 27. Sciammarella , C.A. and Gilbert, J.A. A holographic-moire technique to obtain separate patterns for components of displacement. Exp...Mech 16 1976, pp 215-220. 28. Gilbert, J.A., Sciammarella , C.A. and Chawla, S.K. Extension to three dimensions of a holographic-moire technique to...separate patterns corresponding to components of displacement. Exp. Mechi. 18 1978, PP 321- 27. 29. Sciammarella , C.A. and Cnawla, S.K.- A lens

First principles calculation for Gilbert damping constants in ferromagnetic/non-magnetic junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiramatsu, R.; Miura, D.; Sakuma, A.

2018-05-01

We evaluated an intrinsic α in ferromagnetic (FM)/non-magnetic (NM) junctions from first principles (FM = Co, Fe, and Ni and NM = Cu, Pd, and Pt) to investigate the effects of the inserted NM layer. α is calculated by liner muffin-tin orbital methods based on the torque-correlation model. We confirmed that Gilbert damping is enhanced and saturated as NM thickness increases, and that the enhancement is greater in NM materials having a stronger spin-orbital interaction. By contrast, the calculated FM thickness dependences of α show that Gilbert damping tends to decrease and be saturated as the FM thickness increases. Under the torque-correlation model, the dependences of α on FM and NM thickness can be explained by considering the electronic structure of the total system, including junction interfaces, which exhibit similar behaviors derived by spin pumping theory.

Hindcasting and forecasting of climatology for Gilbert Bay, Labrador: A marine protected area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Best, Sara J.

Gilbert Bay is a marine protected area (MPA) on the southeastern coast of Labrador, Canada. The MPA was created to conserve a genetically distinctive population of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Future climate change in the region is expected to have an impact on the coastal marine environment and local communities in the future. This thesis presents results from a hindcast and forecasts study of physical oceanographic conditions for Gilbert Bay. The first section of this thesis examines the interannual variability in atmospheric and physical oceanographic characteristics of Gilbert Bay over the period 1949-2006. The seasonal and interannual variability of the near surface atmospheric parameters are described. Seawater temperature, salinity and sea-ice thickness in winter are simulated with a physical ocean model, the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM). The results of the hindcast model suggest that the atmospheric interannual variability of the Gilbert Bay region is linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A warming trend observed in the subpolar North Atlantic was influenced by the local climate of coastal Labrador during the recent decade of 1995-2005. The second section of this thesis presents a model forecast of the impact of climate change on the physical conditions within Gilbert Bay over the next century. Climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment and the US Climate Change Science Program Project (US CCSP), specifically the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES), were used. Atmospheric parameters and related changes in seawater temperature, salinity and sea-ice thickness in winter for three SRES are simulated with the GOTM, and are then compared to the hindcast study results. The results suggest that the water column during future winters will become warmer in the second half of the 21st century. In the summer the atmosphere will be warmer and more humid. Cloudiness and precipitation are expected to increase. This will have an impact on the vertical stratification of the water column. The surface mixed layer is expected to become warmer, fresher and much shallower than seen in the past. The stratification below the seasonal thermocline will weaken and vertical mixing will intensify. A significant change in surface sea-ice coverage is also suggested by the forecast. Continuing reduction in sea-ice formation during the winter months as highlighted by the hindcast study is expected to affect living conditions of the neighbouring coastal communities around the bay, specifically by increasing the danger of travelling across the bay. A warming Gilbert Bay ecosystem may be favourable for cod growth, but reduced sea-ice formation during the winter months increases the danger of travelling across the bay by snowmobile.

Regulatory Fit and Equal Opportunity/Diversity: Implications for the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

than demographic diversity ( Ivancevich & Gilbert, 2000); the goal of equality is to create and manage a heterogeneous mix of abilities, skills, ideas...accepted. Recruiting of minorities and women are not seen as violations of EO laws (Kravitz, 2008; Newman & Lyon , 2009; Pyburn, et al., 2008). Similarly...209-213. REGULATORY FIT AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/DIVERSITY 23 Ivancevich , J. M. & Gilbert, J. A. (2000). Diversity management: Time for a new approach

Elucidation of Prion Protein Conformational Changes Associated with Infectivity by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

developed the β-spiral model for PrPSc structure by using molecular dynamics simulations with the sequence of human PrPC (residues 90-231) under...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES exerpts from thesis of Jessica Gilbert 14. ABSTRACT Steady state and lifetime fluorescence measurements were made on 12...lieu of F. We tried both methods. See Ms. Jessica Gilbert’s MS thesis for details, which is included. 6 Figure 4. Acrylamide quenching of Trp

Spin pumping in ion-beam sputtered C o2FeAl /Mo bilayers: Interfacial Gilbert damping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husain, Sajid; Kumar, Ankit; Barwal, Vineet; Behera, Nilamani; Akansel, Serkan; Svedlindh, Peter; Chaudhary, Sujeet

2018-02-01

The spin-pumping mechanism and associated interfacial Gilbert damping are demonstrated in ion-beam sputtered C o2FeAl (CFA)/Mo bilayer thin films employing ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dependence of the net spin-current transportation on Mo layer thickness, 0 to 10 nm, and the enhancement of the net effective Gilbert damping are reported. The experimental data have been analyzed using spin-pumping theory in terms of spin current pumped through the ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal interface to deduce the real spin-mixing conductance and the spin-diffusion length, which are estimated to be 1.56 (±0.30 ) ×1019m-2 and 2.61 (±0.15 )nm , respectively. The damping constant is found to be 8.8 (±0.2 ) ×10-3 in the Mo(3.5 nm)-capped CFA(8 nm) sample corresponding to an ˜69 % enhancement of the original Gilbert damping 5.2 (±0.6 ) ×10-3 in the Al-capped CFA thin film. This is further confirmed by inserting the Cu dusting layer which reduces the spin transport across the CFA/Mo interface. The Mo layer thickness-dependent net spin-current density is found to lie in the range of 1 -4 MA m-2 , which also provides additional quantitative evidence of spin pumping in this bilayer thin-film system.

Relationships between serum bilirubins and production and conjugation of bilirubin. Studies in Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar disease, hemolytic disorders, and rat models.

PubMed

Muraca, M; Fevery, J; Blanckaert, N

1987-02-01

The pattern of serum bilirubins was determined in serum of humans and rats with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to increased pigment load or defective hepatic conjugation. Bilirubin ester conjugates were present in all serum samples tested and were identified as bilirubin 1-O-acyl glucuronides. In Gilbert's syndrome, the concentration of total conjugates was comparable to the values in healthy control subjects. Because the concentration of unconjugated pigment was increased, the fraction of conjugated relative to total bilirubins was markedly decreased. Sera from patients with Crigler-Najjar disease differed from those with Gilbert's syndrome by the higher unconjugated bilirubin levels and the undetectability of diconjugated bilirubins. A striking finding was that in hemolytic disease, the concentration of both monoconjugates and diconjugates was enhanced in parallel with the increase of unconjugated pigment. Therefore, the fraction of conjugated relative to total bilirubins remained within the normal range. As in Gilbert's syndrome, heterozygote R/APfd-j/+ rats with impaired hepatic bilirubin conjugation exhibit an increased unconjugated bilirubin level in serum, whereas the concentration of total conjugates was comparable to the values in normal rats. In serum of normal rats loaded intraperitoneally with unconjugated bilirubin, both unconjugated and mono- and diconjugated bilirubins were increased in parallel so that the ratio of unconjugated to esterified pigment remained unaffected. Decreased hepatic conjugation or increased bilirubin load was associated with a lower percentage of diconjugates relative to total conjugates both in human and rat serum. The present results are consistent with a compartmental model in which there is bidirectional transfer across the sinusoidal membrane for unconjugated bilirubin as well as for the bilirubin glucuronides. Because typical patterns of serum bilirubins are found in Gilbert's syndrome and patients with hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, determination of esterified bilirubins in serum is of value to study the pathophysiology and the differential diagnosis of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Gilbert W. Beebe Symposium on 30 Years after the Chernobyl Accident: Current and Future Studies on Radiation Health Effects.

PubMed

Samet, Jonathan M; de González, Amy Berrington; Dauer, Lawrence T; Hatch, Maureen; Kosti, Ourania; Mettler, Fred A; Satyamitra, Merriline M

2018-01-01

This commentary summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2016 Gilbert W. Beebe symposium "30 years after the Chernobyl accident: Current and future studies on radiation health effects." The symposium was hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The symposium focused on the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident, looking retrospectively at what has been learned and prospectively at potential future discoveries using emerging 21st Century research methodologies.

A “natural and legitimate ambition . . . .”

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pyne, S. J.

1979-01-01

Grove Karl Gilbert (1843-1918) was Chief Geologist for the U.S Geological Survey from 1889 to 1892. Still working for the Survey, he was in Berkeley when the 1906 earthquake struck San Francisco. Immediately on waking, he began to study the motion of the light fixture hanging from the ceiling, trying to decipher the direction of Earth waves and to time the intervals between tremors and hoping to gain some insight into the quake's magnitude. What Gilbert called a "tumult of motions and noises" brought him "unalloyed pleasure." He later announced that it was the "natural and legitimate ambition of properly constituted geologist to see a glacier, witness an eruption and feel an earthquake..." Having narrowly missed the 1872 Inyo earthquake (while with the Wheeler Survey) and the 1899 Alaska earthquake (while with the Harriman Expedition), the 63-year-old Gilbert considered the 1906 earthquake to be one fo the highlights of his career. He was to be comissioned by both the State and Federal committees that investigated the earthquake. 

Model of inter-cell interference phenomenon in 10 nm magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular anisotropy array due to oscillatory stray field from neighboring cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohuchida, Satoshi; Endoh, Tetsuo

2018-06-01

In this paper, we propose a new model of inter-cell interference phenomenon in a 10 nm magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular anisotropy (p-MTJ) array and investigated the interference effect between a program cell and unselected cells due to the oscillatory stray field from neighboring cells by Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert micromagnetic simulation. We found that interference brings about a switching delay in a program cell and excitation of magnetization precession in unselected cells even when no programing current passes through. The origin of interference is ferromagnetic resonance between neighboring cells. During the interference period, the precession frequency of the program cell is 20.8 GHz, which synchronizes with that of the theoretical precession frequency f = γH eff in unselected cells. The disturbance strength of unselected cells decreased to be inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the program cell, which is in good agreement with the dependence of stray field on the distance from the program cell calculated by the dipole approximation method.

The Old Home Place: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation of Five Farm Sites along the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-15

he was listed variously as having 140, 143, and 144 acres (Elbert County Tax Digests ). What is interesting, moreover, is that Gilbert Gray was...The accuracy of the map must be questioned, however, since the White farm is also not shown. A complete search of the Elbert County Tax Digests , which...property worth $5, for a total property value of $130 (Elbert County Tax Digests ). Local tradition has it that Gilbert lost his property when he

Magnetic anomaly study and geologic implications for Gilbert and Tokelau seamounts, Pacific Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sager, W. W.; Koppers, A. A.; Staudigel, H.

2006-12-01

The Gilbert and Tokelau seamounts are linear chains in the central Pacific with trends similar to the Emperor seamounts, implying the two poorly-known chains were formed by the same mechanism, widely regarded as hotspot volcanism. Multibeam bathymetry and magnetic data were collected over many Gilbert and Tokelau seamounts and have been used to make magnetic models to help understand the geologic evolution of the two chains. Magnetic models were done for 10 Gilbert and 10 Tokelau seamounts. Gilbert seamounts gave about equal number of reversed and normal polarity models and several have complex magnetizations that may indicate a mixture of opposing polarity rocks. Both observations imply formation during a time that included multiple geomagnetic reversals, consistent with radiometric dates from dredged rocks (65-72 Ma) [Koppers, A., and H. Staudigel, Science, 307, p. 905, 2005]. In the Tokelau chain, large volcanic edifices with summit islands (Howland, Baker, Fakaofu) also appear to have complex anomalies, making interpretation difficult. These volcanoes may also have formed over periods of time including magnetic reversals. The rest of the modeled central Tokelau seamounts have simpler magnetic anomalies and all but one is reversely polarized (6 reversed, 1 normal). Although this bias seems unusual if the geomagnetic field spent equal time in both polarities, it is consistent with radiometric ages of 59-66 Ma [Koppers and Staudigel, 2005], a period of dominantly reversed polarity. Paleomagnetic poles calculated from both seamount groups fall along the N-S trend of the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic Pacific apparent polar wander path, consistent with Latest Cretaceous or early Cenozoic radiometric ages. More than half of the poles lie >30° east of the accepted polar wander path, perhaps indicating that the early Cenozoic polar wander path should be farther east. Ten (55%) of the paleomagnetic poles have lower latitudes than expected for Late Cretaceous or Cenozoic seamounts and all but one of these seamounts is reversely polarized. This situation implies a present-field overprint that steepens the calculated magnetization vectors for these seamounts and also renders the calculated seamount paleolatitudes unsuitable for interpretation.

Nonlocal torque operators in ab initio theory of the Gilbert damping in random ferromagnetic alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turek, I.; Kudrnovský, J.; Drchal, V.

2015-12-01

We present an ab initio theory of the Gilbert damping in substitutionally disordered ferromagnetic alloys. The theory rests on introduced nonlocal torques which replace traditional local torque operators in the well-known torque-correlation formula and which can be formulated within the atomic-sphere approximation. The formalism is sketched in a simple tight-binding model and worked out in detail in the relativistic tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method and the coherent potential approximation (CPA). The resulting nonlocal torques are represented by nonrandom, non-site-diagonal, and spin-independent matrices, which simplifies the configuration averaging. The CPA-vertex corrections play a crucial role for the internal consistency of the theory and for its exact equivalence to other first-principles approaches based on the random local torques. This equivalence is also illustrated by the calculated Gilbert damping parameters for binary NiFe and FeCo random alloys, for pure iron with a model atomic-level disorder, and for stoichiometric FePt alloys with a varying degree of L 10 atomic long-range order.

Exact intrinsic localized excitation of an anisotropic ferromagnetic spin chain in external magnetic field with Gilbert damping, spin current and PT -symmetry

DOE PAGES

Lakshmanan, Muthusamy; Saxena, Avadh

2018-04-27

Inmore » this work, we obtain the exact one-spin intrinsic localized excitation in an anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain in a constant/variable external magnetic field with Gilbert damping included. We also point out how an appropriate magnitude spin current term in a spin transfer nano-oscillator (STNO) can stabilize the tendency towards damping. Further, we show how this excitation can be sustained in a recently suggested PT -symmetric magnetic nanostructure. We also briefly consider more general spin excitations.« less

Exact intrinsic localized excitation of an anisotropic ferromagnetic spin chain in external magnetic field with Gilbert damping, spin current and PT -symmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lakshmanan, Muthusamy; Saxena, Avadh

Inmore » this work, we obtain the exact one-spin intrinsic localized excitation in an anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain in a constant/variable external magnetic field with Gilbert damping included. We also point out how an appropriate magnitude spin current term in a spin transfer nano-oscillator (STNO) can stabilize the tendency towards damping. Further, we show how this excitation can be sustained in a recently suggested PT -symmetric magnetic nanostructure. We also briefly consider more general spin excitations.« less

Antidamping spin-orbit torques in epitaxial-Py(100)/β-Ta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, Dhananjay; Behera, Nilamani; Kumar, Akash; Dürrenfeld, Philipp; Chaudhary, Sujeet; Pandya, D. K.; Åkerman, Johan; Muduli, P. K.

2017-12-01

We perform spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements on the Si(100)/TiN(100)/epi-Py(100)/β-Ta system. We demonstrate current induced modulation of the Gilbert damping constant, which is about 30% for a current density of 6.25 × 109 A/m2. We show that the observed modulation of the Gilbert damping constant cannot be explained by spin transfer torques arising from the spin Hall effect of the β-Ta layer. An additional mechanism such as antidamping spin-orbit torque resulting from the interface or the crystalline structure of Py thin films needs to be considered.

Hypanocotyle bullardi n. gen. n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) from gill of the diamond stingray Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan et Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru.

PubMed

Chero, Jhon D; Cruces, Celso L; Sáez, Gloria; Camargo, Ana Carolina A; Santos, Cláudia Portes; Luque, José L

2018-08-01

A new genus and species of monogenean belonging to Hexabothriidae, Hypanocotyle bullardi n. gen. n. sp., is described based on specimens collected from the gill filaments of the diamond stingray, Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan et Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), a demersal chondrichthyan collected off the coast of Callao, Peru. Hypanocotyle n. gen. has the following combination of diagnostic features that differentiate it from other hexabothriid genera: haptor symmetrical; vasa efferentia having proximal (narrow, with thin glandular wall) and distal (expanded, interlaced, with thick glandular wall) portions, joining medially to form vas deferens; vas deferens having proximal (expanded, sinuous, with thick glandular wall) and distal (narrow, strongly sinuous, with thin glandular wall) portions; male copulatory organ unarmed, proximal portion slightly sinuous and tube-like, distal portion funnel-shaped; prostatic glands present, distributed around of the MCO; seminal receptacle present; ootype lacking longitudinal rows of large cells (no oötype côtelé); vaginae parallel, with well-differentiated proximal (glandular, narrow, tube-like, slightly sinuous) and distal (musculoglandular, convoluted) portions; gland cells surrounding the vaginal duct along the entire length of distal portion, densely clustered in middle portion; uterine eggs with 2 elongate filaments. Phylogenetic reconstructions by maximum-likelihood method, based on newly obtained partial 18S and 28S sequences, shows that H. bullardi n. gen. is included within the family Hexabothriidae, order Diclybothriidea. This is the second hexabothriid genus recorded from a diamond stingray (Dasyatidae), and the fourth hexabothriid species recorded from Peru. A key to hexabothriid genera is provided. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Ultrastructural morphology and phylogeny of Henneguya gilbert n. sp. (Myxozoa) infecting the teleostean Cyphocharax gilbert (Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Brazil.

PubMed

Casal, Graça; São Clemente, Sérgio C; Lopes, Leila; Rocha, Sónia; Felizardo, Nilza; Oliveira, Elsa; Al-Quraishy, Saleh; Azevedo, Carlos

2017-10-01

This paper describes light and ultrastructural observations and molecular analysis of a fish-infecting myxosporean, Henneguya gilbert n. sp., which was found infecting the gill epithelium of the commercially important freshwater teleost fish Cyphocharax gilbert (Curimatidae) collected in the estuarine region of Guandu River, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The parasite occurs in the gills, forming whitish spherical to ellipsoidal polysporic cysts measuring up to ~ 750 μm, and displaying asynchronous development. Mature myxospores are ellipsoidal with a bifurcated caudal process. The length, width and thickness of the body of the myxospore are 12.0 × 5.3 × 3.6 μm, respectively; two equal caudal processes are 16.8 μm long, and the total length of the myxospore is 27.2 μm. There are two unequal polar capsules: the larger measures 5.5 μm length × 1.3 μm width and has a polar filament with 9-10 coils; the smaller is 4.0 μm long × 1.3 μm wide and has a polar filament with 7-8 coils. The sporoplasm is binucleated and presents a spherical vacuole surrounded by numerous globular sporoplasmosomes. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the small subunit rRNA sequencing, using maximum likelihood method reveals the parasite clustering together with other myxobolids that are histozoic and parasitize freshwater fish of the order Characiformes, thereby strengthening the contention that the host phylogenetic relationships and aquatic environment are the strongest evolutionary signals for myxosporeans of the family Myxobolidae.

Ressurrection of Curimatus albula Lütken (Characiformes: Curimatidae), a senior synonym of Cyphocharax lundi Dutra, Penido, Mello & Pessali.

PubMed

Dutra, Guilherme Moreira; Penido, Iago DE Souza; Pessali, Tiago Casarim; Netto-Ferreira, Andre Luiz

2017-11-08

Curimatus albula Lütken 1874 was described from the Ribeirão da Mata at Lagoa Santa, a tributary of Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco basin. The species validity was questioned by Lütken (1875) himself, who suggested that the species could be a synonym of Curimatus gilbert Quoy & Gaimard, a species described from the Rio Macacu, a coastal river tributary of Guanabara bay, Rio de Janeiro. That synonymy was only formally proposed by Eigenmann (1910), and followed by most subsequent authors (e. g. Nielsen, 1974; Vari, 1992), except for Fowler (1975), who erroneously listed C. albula as the senior synonym of C. gilbert. Vari (1989) posteriorly removed both nominal species from Curimatus Oken (= Curimata Bosch) reallocating them in Cyphocharax Fowler, based on the lack of synapomorphic conditions present in other valid curimatid genera. Vari (1989) considered that those nominal species belonged to a major group within Cyphocharax also including C. grandocule Fernández-Yépez, C. modestus Fernández-Yépez, C. santacatarinae Fernández-Yépez, and C. voga Hensel, based on the presence of a rhomboidal caudal pigmentation and "random body spotting". Later, Vari (1992) included C. grandocule along with C. albula in the synonymy of C. gilbert, and listed several characters allowing further distinction of that species from the remaining species of the group (i.e., number of vertebrae, scales in transverse series, and pigmentation characters). Among the characters involving the pigmentation pattern, Vari (1992) stressed the lack of randomly arranged dark spots on the lateral and dorsolateral surfaces of the body in C. gilbert (versus present in C. voga).

Joint health scores in a haemophilia A cohort from Pakistan with minimal or no access to factor VIII concentrate: correlation with thrombin generation and underlying mutation.

PubMed

Khanum, F; Bowen, D J; Kerr, B C; Collins, P W

2014-05-01

Haemophilia A is associated with recurrent joint bleeding which leads to synovitis and debilitating arthropathy. Coagulation factor VIII level is an important determinant of bleed number and development of arthropathy . The aim of this study was to compare the haemophilia joint health score (HJHS) and Gilbert score with severity, age, thrombin generation (TG) and underlying mutation in a haemophilia A cohort which had minimal access to haemostatic replacement therapy. Ninety-two haemophilia A individuals were recruited from Pakistan. Age, age at first bleed, target joints, haemophilic arthropathy joints, HJHS and Gilbert score were recorded. A strong correlation was found between HJHS and Gilbert score (r = 0.98), both were significantly higher in severe (n = 59) compared with non-severe (n = 29) individuals before the age of 12 years (P ≤ 0.01) but not thereafter. When individuals were divided according to developmental age (<12 years, 12-16 years and >16 years), both HJHS and Gilbert score were significantly lower in the youngest group (P ≤ 0.001), there was no difference between 12-16 years and >16 years. In severe individuals there was no correlation between in vitro TG and joint score, whereas in non-severe individuals there was a weak negative correlation. In the severe group, no significant difference was observed for either joint score according to the underlying mutation type (inversion, missense, nonsense, frameshift). In this cohort of haemophilia A individuals with minimal access to haemostatic treatment, haemophilic arthropathy correlated with severity and age; among severe individuals, joint health scores did not relate to either the underlying mutation or in vitro TG. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Embryonic and larval development in barfin flounder Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Rongbin; Wang, Yongqiang; Jiang, Haibin; Liu, Liming; Wang, Maojian; Li, Tianbao; Zhang, Shubao

2010-01-01

Broodstock of Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert) aged 3-4 years old were selected, and reinforced cultivation was conducted to promote maturation under controlled water temperature and photoperiod conditions. Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization, and the development of embryos, larvae and juveniles was observed continuously. The results showed that the fertilized eggs of V. moseri were spherical, with transparent yolk and homogeneous bioplasm, and had no oil globule inside. The average diameter of the eggs was 1.77±0.02 mm. The eggs of V. moseri were buoyant in water with salinity above 35. The cleavage type was typical discoidal. Young pigment cells appeared when olfactory plates began to form. Hatching occurred at 187 h after fertilization at a water temperature of 8.5°C. The newly hatched larvae, floating on the water surface, were transparent with an average total length of 4.69±0.15 mm. During the cultivation period, when the water temperature was raised from 9 to 14.5°C, 4-day old larvae showed more melanophores on the body surface, making the larvae gray in color. The pectoral fins began to develop, which enabled the larvae to swim horizontally and in a lively manner. On days 7-8, the digestive duct formed. The yolk sac was small and black. The yolk sac was absorbed on day 11. Larvae took food actively, and body length and body height clearly increased. The rudiments of dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores were discernible and caudal fin ray elements formed on day 19. On day 24, the larval notochord flexed upwards, and the rays of unpaired fins began to differentiate. Pigment cells converged on the dorsal and anal fin rays, and the mastoid teeth on the mandible appeared. On day 29, the left eyes of juveniles began to move upwards. Depigmentation began in some juveniles and they became sandy brown in color on day 37. Most juveniles began to settle on the bottom of the tank. The left eyes of juveniles migrated completely to the right side on day 50, when the average body length attained 2.5±0.18 cm, and juveniles accomplished metamorphosis to young. The embryonic and larval characters of several flounder species are compared.

Perfluorocarbons and Gilbert syndrome (phenotype) in the C8 Health Study Population

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fan, Hongmin; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Hebei 063000; Ducatman, Alan

Background: Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an inherited defect of bilirubin conjugation, most commonly caused by a gene mutation for the enzyme UGT1A. GS is known to affect the metabolism and excretion of drugs and xenobiotics. Perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) are bio-persistent environmental contaminants that affect metabolic regulation. In this study, we examined the associations of GS phenotype and serum PFCs in the C8 Health Study Population. Materials and methods: Using 2005–2006 data from a large PFC-exposure population survey, we compared serum PFCs concentrations between GS and non GS clinical phenotypes, in a cross sectional design, adjusting for standard risk factors, includingmore » age, BMI, smoking status, socioeconomic status and gender. Results: Among 10 PFC compounds considered, only perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) was seen at a significantly higher concentration in GS men and women. Conclusion: PFHxA exposure may be associated with GS. Our findings do not support increased exposure in GS for other PFCs. - Highlights: • Most serum PFCs are not associated with clinically evident Gilbert syndrome. • However, serum perfluorohexanoic acid is positively associated. • The investigation addresses the clinical presentation, not the genetic mutation.« less

Preparation of reference material for UGT1A1 (TA)n polymorphism genotyping.

PubMed

Mlakar, Vid; Mlakar, Simona Jurković; Marc, Janja; Ostanek, Barbara

2014-08-05

Gilbert's syndrome is one of the most common metabolic syndromes in the human population characterised by mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia resulting from reduced activity of the bilirubin conjugating enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). Although Gilbert's syndrome is usually quite benign UGT1A1(TA)n genotyping is important in exclusion of more serious causes of hyperbilirubinemia and since it has significant implications for personalised medicine. The aim of our study was to develop plasmid based reference materials which could be used for UGT1A1(TA)n genotyping. Plasmids were generated using recombinant DNA technology and their number of repeats as well as the entire sequence verified by Sanger sequencing. Their suitability as reference materials was tested using sizing by capillary electrophoresis and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Plasmids containing all four different alleles (TA)5, (TA)6, (TA)7 and (TA)8 that are present in the human population as well as a plasmid with (TA)4 repeats were successfully generated. Prepared plasmid reference materials allow the creation of all possible UGT1A1(TA)n polymorphism genotypes and can serve as an efficient substitute for the human genomic DNA reference material in routine genotyping and in the development of new genotyping tests. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Skyrmion dynamics in a chiral magnet driven by periodically varying spin currents*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Rui; Zhang, Yin-Yan

2016-12-01

In this work, we investigated the spin dynamics in a slab of chiral magnets induced by an alternating (ac) spin current. Periodic trajectories of the skyrmion in real space are discovered under the ac current as a result of the Magnus and viscous forces, which originate from the Gilbert damping, the spin transfer torque, and the β-nonadiabatic torque effects. The results are obtained by numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and can be explained by the Thiele equation characterizing the skyrmion core motion. Supplementary material in the form of one avi file available from the Journal web page at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2016-70467-9

Sedimentary record of relay zone evolution, Central Corinth Rift (Greece): Role of fault propagation and structural inheritance.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hemelsdaël, Romain; Ford, Mary; Meyer, Nicolas

2013-04-01

Relay zones along rift border fault systems form topographic lows that are considered to allow the transfer of sediment from the footwall into hanging wall depocentres. Present knowledge focuses on the modifications of drainage patterns and sediment pathways across relay zones, however their vertical motion during growth and interaction of faults segments is not well documented. 3D models of fault growth and linkage are also under debate. The Corinth rift (Greece) is an ideal natural laboratory for the study of fault system evolution. Fault activity and rift depocentres migrated northward during Pliocene to Recent N-S extension. We report on the evolution of a relay zone in the currently active southern rift margin fault system from Pleistocene to present-day. The relay zone lies between the E-W East Helike (EHF) and Derveni faults (DF) that lie just offshore and around the town of Akrata. During its evolution the relay zone captured the antecedent Krathis river which continued to deposit Gilbert-type deltas across the relay zone during fault interaction, breaching and post linkage phases. Moreover our work underlines the role that pre-existing structure in the location of the transfer zone. Offshore fault geometry and kinematics, and sediment distribution were defined by interpretation and depth conversion of high resolution seismic profiles (from Maurice Ewing 2001 geophysical survey). Early lateral propagation of the EHF is recorded by synsedimentary fault propagation folds while the DF records tilted block geometries since initiation. Within the relay zone beds are gradually tilted toward the basin before breaching. These different styles of deformation highlight mechanical contrasts and upper crustal partition associated with the development of the Akrata relay zone. Onshore detailed lithostratigraphy, structure and geomorphological features record sedimentation across the subsiding relay ramp and subsequent footwall uplift after breaching. The area is characterised by the successive deposition of the northward prograding Platanos Gilbert-type delta (Middle group; deposited in hangingwall of the Pirgaki-Mamoussia fault) and the NE to E prograding Akrata Gilbert-type delta (Upper group). The Akrata Gilbert-type delta records progressive rotation and lengthening of the relay ramp as the East Helike fault and Derveni fault propagated laterally (from around 0.8 Ma) and started to overlap. The relay ramp was then breached by the Krathis fault (around 0.45 Ma) and the latter reactivated a NW-SE oriented inherited structure. Onshore-offshore correlation and profile restoration of the Upper group demonstrate the presence of this pre-existing structure (detachment fault?) below the Akrata relay zone that was responsible for significant eastward thickening in early rift sediments (Lower to Middle group). Our evolution model is consistent with the 'isolated fault' model where a fault array initially develops from growth of kinematically independent fault segments and fault displacement gradually accumulates during pre- and post-linkage stages. Despite the prominent control of pre-existing fabrics on the location of the transfer zone, lateral fault propagation and interaction can be well documented.

Size stratification in a Gilbert delta due to a varying base level: flume experiments.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chavarrias, Victor; Orru, Clara; Viparelli, Enrica; Vide, Juan Pedro Martin; Blom, Astrid

2014-05-01

A foreset-dominated Gilbert delta is a delta that is dominated by sediment avalanches (i.e., discontinuous grain flows) over its front. It forms when a river flows into a basin or sea characterized by a flow depth that is much larger than the one in the fluvial reach, and the conditions are such that the transported sediment passing the brinkpoint forms a wedge at the topmost part of the foreset, which results in avalanches down the foreset and a fining upward pattern within the foreset deposit. A Gilbert delta is typically described in terms of a low-slope topset (resulting from deposition over the fluvial reach), a steep-slope foreset (resulting from sediment avalanches over the lee face), and a bottomset (resulting from deposition of fine sediment passing the brinkpoint as suspended load). The objective of the present study is to gain insight into the mechanisms taking part in Gilbert delta formation and progradation under variable base level conditions. In order to do so, three flume experiments were conducted in which the water discharge and sediment feed rate were maintained constant but the base level varied between the experiments: (I) constant base level, (II) a gradually rising base level, and (III) a slowly varying base level. The stratigraphy within the delta deposit was measured using image analysis combined with particle coloring. A steady base level resulted in aggradation over the fluvial reach in order to maintain a slope required to transport the supplied sediment downstream. Sea level rise enhanced the amount of aggradation over the fluvial reach due to the presence of an M1 backwater curve. The aggrading flux to the substrate was slightly coarser than the fed sediment. The sediment at the base of the foreset deposit appeared to become coarser in streamwise direction. Eventually, a fall of the base level induced an M2 backwater curve over the fluvial reach that caused degradation of the fluvial reach. Base level fall first induced erosion of the mobile armor that covered the fluvial reach. This led to an initial coarsening of the brinkpoint load (and foreset deposit). Once the mobile armour was eroded, base level fall led to degradation of the finer substrate, which resulted in a fining of the brinkpoint load and foreset deposit. The relation between the sediment size stratification and the base level change may be used for the reconstruction of the paleo sea level from the stratigraphy of ancient Gilbert deltas.

Deciphering the record of short-term base-level changes in Gilbert-type deltas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gobo, Katarina; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Nemec, Wojciech

2016-04-01

The geometrical relationship of fluvial topset to subaqueous foreset in a Gilbert-type delta may be 'sigmoidal' (transitional) or 'oblique' (erosional), which is generally attributed - respectively - to a rise or fall of the delta shoreline's time-distance trajectory and considered to reflect base-level changes. However, since every episode of a base-level fall forces the fluvial distributary system to cut down, the delta-brink sigmoidal signature of a preceding base-level rise tends to be removed. The geometrical record of short-term base-level changes in a Gilbert-type delta thus tends to be obliterated by fluvial erosion. The issue addressed in this presentation is whether the fully-preserved foreset to bottomset deposits may serve as a key for deciphering the base-level history of an ancient Gilbert-type delta. Outcrop studies of Plio-Pleistocene Gilbert-type deltas at the southern margin of the Corinth Rift, Greece, reveal a genetic relationship between the delta-brink morphodynamics controlled by base level behaviour and the processes of subaqueous sediment dispersal on the delta slope and in its foot zone. The component facies are deposits of turbidity currents (whether slope-derived brief surges or longer-duration hyperpycnal flows), cohesionless debrisflows and loose-gravel debrisfalls. The development of sigmoidal delta-brink architecture appears to be accompanied by deposition of a debrite-dominated facies assemblage (DFA) of delta foreset beds, thought to form when the aggrading delta front tends to store sediment and undergoes discrete gravitational collapses. Development of oblique delta-brink architecture is accompanied by deposition of a turbidite-dominated facies assemblage (TFA) of foreset beds, which is thought to form when the delta-front accommodation decreases and the sediment carried by hyperpycnal effluent largely bypasses the front. The alternation of TFA and DFA facies assemblages in delta foreset is thus attributed to changes in delta-front accommodation driven by short-term base-level changes, with some accompanying inevitable 'noise' in the facies record due to the system autogenic variability and regional climatic fluctuations. Comparison of delta coeval foreset and toeset/bottomset deposits in a delta shows further a reverse pattern of reciprocal changes in facies assemblages, with the TFA assemblage of foreset deposits passing downdip into a DFA assemblage of delta-foot deposits, and the DFA assemblage of foreset deposits passing downdip into a TFA assemblage. This reverse reciprocal alternation of TFA and DFA facies assemblages is attributed to the delta-slope own morphodynamics. When the delta slope is dominated by deposition of debrisflows, only the most diluted turbulent flows and chute bypassing turbidity currents are reaching the delta-foot zone. When the delta slope is dominated by turbiditic sedimentation, larger chutes and gullies form - triggering and conveying debrisflows to the foot zone. These case studies as a whole shed a new light on the varying pattern of subaqueous sediment dispersal processes in an evolving Gilbert-type deltaic system and point to an the attractive possibility of the recognition of a 'hidden' record of base-level changes on the basis of detailed facies analysis.

Adaptive Injection-locking Oscillator Array for RF Spectrum Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leung, Daniel

2011-04-19

A highly parallel radio frequency receiver using an array of injection-locking oscillators for on-chip, rapid estimation of signal amplitudes and frequencies is considered. The oscillators are tuned to different natural frequencies, and variable gain amplifiers are used to provide negative feedback to adapt the locking band-width with the input signal to yield a combined measure of input signal amplitude and frequency detuning. To further this effort, an array of 16 two-stage differential ring oscillators and 16 Gilbert-cell mixers is designed for 40-400 MHz operation. The injection-locking oscillator array is assembled on a custom printed-circuit board. Control and calibration is achievedmore » by on-board microcontroller.« less

A case of concomitant Gilbert's syndrome and hereditary spherocytosis

PubMed Central

Lee, Hee Jung; Moon, Hee Seok; Lee, Eaum Seok; Kim, Seok Hyun; Sung, Jae Kyu; Lee, Byung Seok; Jeong, Hyun Yong; Eu, Young Jae

2010-01-01

We describe moderate hyperbilirubinemia in a 28-year-old man who suffered from gallstones and splenomegaly, with combined disorders of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and Gilbert's syndrome (GS). Since it is difficult to diagnose HS in the absence of signs of anemia, we evaluated both the genetic mutation in the UGT1A1 gene and abnormalities in the erythrocyte membrane protein; the former was heterozygous for a UGT1A1 allele with three mutations and the latter was partially deficient in ankyrin expression. This is the first report of the concomitance of HS and GS with three heterozygous mutations [T-3279G, A (TA)7TAA, and G211A] in the UGT1A1 gene. PMID:20924216

INVENTION IS NOT AN OPTION

PubMed Central

Comedy, Yolanda L.; Gilbert, Juan E.; Pun, Suzie H.

2017-01-01

Inventors help solve all kinds of problems. The AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassador program celebrates inventors who have an impact on global challenges, making our communities and the globe better, one invention at a time. In this paper, we introduce two of these invention ambassadors: Dr. Suzie Pun and Dr. Juan Gilbert. Dr. Suzie Pun is the Robert F. Rushmer Professor of Bioengineering, an adjunct professor of chemical engineering, and a member of the Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute at the University of Washington. Dr. Juan Gilbert is the Andrew Banks Family Preeminence Endowed Professor and chair of the Computer & Information Science & Engineering Department at the University of Florida. Both have a passion for solving problems and are dedicated to teaching their students to change the world. PMID:29527271

Exchange and spin-orbit induced phenomena in diluted (Ga,Mn)As from first principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudrnovský, J.; Drchal, V.; Turek, I.

2016-08-01

Physical properties induced by exchange interactions (Curie temperature and spin stiffness) and spin-orbit coupling (anomalous Hall effect, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and Gilbert damping) in the diluted (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic semiconductor are studied from first principles. Recently developed Kubo-Bastin transport theory and nonlocal torque operator formulation of the Gilbert damping as formulated in the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method are used. The first-principles Liechtenstein mapping is employed to construct an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian and to estimate Curie temperature and spin stiffness in the real-space random-phase approximation. Good agreement of calculated physical quantities with experiments on well-annealed samples containing only a small amount of compensating defects is obtained.

Heater-induced ionization inferred from spectrometric airglow measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hysell, D. L.; Miceli, R. J.; Kendall, E. A.; Schlatter, N. M.; Varney, R. H.; Watkins, B. J.; Pedersen, T. R.; Bernhardt, P. A.; Huba, J. D.

2014-03-01

Spectrographic airglow measurements were made during an ionospheric modification experiment at High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program on 12 March 2013. Artificial airglow enhancements at 427.8, 557.7, 630.0, 777.4, and 844.6 nm were observed. On the basis of these emissions and using a methodology based on the method of Backus and Gilbert (1968, 1970), we estimate the suprathermal electron population and the subsequent equilibrium electron density profile, including contributions from electron impact ionization. We find that the airglow is consistent with heater-induced ionization in view of the spatial intermittency of the airglow.

Erosional patterns of the Isles Dernieres, Louisiana, in relation to meteorological influences

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dingler, J.R.; Reiss, T.E.; Plant, N.G.

1993-01-01

Over the past 100 years, the Isles Dernieres, a low-lying barrier-island chain along the central Louisiana coast, has eroded extensively. This erosion has resulted in more than 1 km of northward beach-face retreat and the loss of 71% of the total island area. The primary causes for the erosion are wind and wave attack, diminished sand supply, and relative sea-level rise. Five years of detailed topographic surveys show that a beach on the central Isles Dernieres changed significantly in both shape and sediment volume; however, the pattern of change was not the same each year. In contrast to the relatively slow erosion caused by cold fronts, hurricane Gilbert, a category 5 hurricane that passed about 800 km south of the Isles Dernieres in September 1988, produced differential beach-face retreat of about 9 m at mean sea level and 40 m at an elevation of 0.5 m. Most of the sediment eroded from the beach face was deposited on the backshore, which resulted in only a small loss of sediment from the beach and a noteworthy decrease in beach-face slope. During the two years following hurricane Gilbert, the mean-sea-level contour remained stationary while the beach face slowly returned to its pre-Gilbert shape. "Cold-front' magnitude of retreat is expected to continue until another large hurricane alters the erosional pattern. -from Authors

Gilbert's Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... build in your blood. How the body normally processes bilirubin Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment made when ... endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. Advertising and sponsorship policy Advertising and sponsorship ...

Gilbert damping of high anisotropy Co/Pt multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devolder, Thibaut; Couet, S.; Swerts, J.; Kar, G. S.

2018-04-01

Using broadband ferromagnetic resonance, we measure the damping parameter of [Co(5 Å)/Pt(3 Å)] {× 6} multilayers, whose growth was optimized to maximize the perpendicular anisotropy. Structural characterizations indicate abrupt interfaces essentially free of intermixing, despite the miscible character of Co and Pt. Gilbert damping parameters as low as 0.021 can be obtained, despite a magneto-crystalline anisotropy as large as 106 J m-3. The inhomogeneous broadening accounts for part of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, indicating some structural disorder leading to a equivalent 20 mT of inhomogenity of the effective field. The unexpectedly relatively low damping factor indicates that the presence of the Pt heavy metal within the multilayer may not be detrimental to the damping provided that intermixing is avoided at the Co/Pt interfaces.

Nuclear level densities of 64 , 66 Zn from neutron evaporation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramirez, A. P. D.; Voinov, A. V.; Grimes, S. M.

Double differential cross sections of neutrons from d+ 63,65Cu reactions have been measured at deuteron energies of 6 and 7.5 MeV. The cross sections measured at backward angles have been compared to theoretical calculations in the framework of the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model. Three different level density models were tested: the Fermi-gas model, the Gilbert-Cameron model, and the microscopic approach through the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method (HFBM). The calculations using the Gilbert-Cameron model are in best agreement with our experimental data. Level densities of the residual nuclei 64Zn and 66Zn have been obtained from statistical neutron evaporation spectra. In conclusion, the angle-integrated crossmore » sections have been analyzed with the exciton model of nuclear reaction.« less

Soliton switching in a site-dependent ferromagnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senjudarvannan, R.; Sathishkumar, P.; Vijayalakshmi, S.

2017-02-01

Switching of soliton in a ferromagnetic medium offers the possibility of developing a new innovative approach for information storage technologies. The nonlinear spin dynamics of a site-dependent Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain with Gilbert damping under the influence of external magnetic field is expressed in the form of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in the classical continuum limit. The corresponding evolution equation is developed through stereographic projection technique by projecting the unit sphere of spin onto a complex plane. The exact soliton solutions are constructed by solving the associated evolution equation through the modified extended tanh-function method. The impact of damping and external magnetic field on the magnetic soliton under the invariant inhomogeneity is investigated and finally, the magnetization switching in the form of shape changing solitons are demonstrated.

Nuclear level densities of 64 , 66 Zn from neutron evaporation

DOE PAGES

Ramirez, A. P. D.; Voinov, A. V.; Grimes, S. M.; ...

2013-12-26

Double differential cross sections of neutrons from d+ 63,65Cu reactions have been measured at deuteron energies of 6 and 7.5 MeV. The cross sections measured at backward angles have been compared to theoretical calculations in the framework of the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model. Three different level density models were tested: the Fermi-gas model, the Gilbert-Cameron model, and the microscopic approach through the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method (HFBM). The calculations using the Gilbert-Cameron model are in best agreement with our experimental data. Level densities of the residual nuclei 64Zn and 66Zn have been obtained from statistical neutron evaporation spectra. In conclusion, the angle-integrated crossmore » sections have been analyzed with the exciton model of nuclear reaction.« less

Dike rocks of the Apishapa Quadrangle, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cross, Whitman

1915-01-01

The Apishapa quadrangle, the geographic relations of which are shown by Plate IV, is situated on the plains south of Arkansas River, in Colorado, about 24 miles east of the mountain front. The geology of the Pueblo, Walsenburg, Spanish Peaks, and Elmoro quadrangles, adjoining it on the northwest, west, southwest, and south, respectively, has been described in folios of the Geologic Atlas. G. K. Gilbert, assisted by F. P. Gulliver and G. W. Stose, took up the survey of the Apishapa area in 1894. The Apishapa folio was completed by Stose and was issued in 1913. The rocks to be described in this paper were collected by Gilbert and his assistants, the present writer never having visited the area. The following description of the occurrence of the has been kindly furnished by Mr. Stose.

First-Principles Study on the Gilbert Damping Constants of Transition Metal Alloys, Fe--Ni and Fe--Pt Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakuma, Akimasa

2012-08-01

We adapt the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method to the torque-correlation model for the Gilbert damping constant α and perform the first-principles calculation for disordered transition metal alloys, Fe--Ni and Fe--Pt systems, within the framework of the CPA. Quantitatively, the calculated α values are about one-half of the experimental values, whereas the variations in the Fermi level dependence of α are much larger than these discrepancies. As expected, we confirm in the (Fe--Ni)1-XPtX and FePt systems that Pt atoms certainly enhance α owing to their large spin--orbit coupling. For the disordered alloys, we find that α decreases with increasing chemical degree of order in a wide range.

Glioblastoma—Unraveling the Threads to Make Progress

Cancer.gov

Progress against the brain cancer glioblastoma has been slow. In this Cancer Currents post, Drs. Mark Gilbert and Terri Armstrong of NCI’s Neuro-Oncology Branch discuss what’s being done to change that.

6 Common Cancers - Skin Cancer

MedlinePlus

... Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues 6 Common Cancers - Skin Cancer Past Issues / Spring 2007 Table of Contents For ... AP Photo/Herald-Mail, Kevin G. Gilbert Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common form of ...

Tunable ferromagnetic resonance behavior in Co2FeSi film by post-annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Zhan; Zhang, Zhi; Hu, Fang; Li, Xia; Liu, Peng; Liu, Er; Xu, Feng

2018-05-01

Co2FeSi film is potential in the spintronics applications, due to its low damping factor, which is reflected in the ferromagnetic resonance behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetic resonance behavior in Co2FeSi film can be well engineered by post-annealing. After 450 °C post-annealing for 1 hour, the Gilbert damping factor decreases drastically from 0.039 at as-deposited state to 0.006, and the inhomogeneity contribution of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth decreases to 60.5 Oe. These decreases are ascribed to the crystallization of film from amorphous state to an ordered B2 phase. Higher annealing temperature, however, leads to the formation of the A2 phase with higher atomic disorder, instead of B2 phase, and brings about the increase of Gilbert damping.

Teleoperation with virtual force feedback

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, R.J.

1993-08-01

In this paper we describe an algorithm for generating virtual forces in a bilateral teleoperator system. The virtual forces are generated from a world model and are used to provide real-time obstacle avoidance and guidance capabilities. The algorithm requires that the slaves tool and every object in the environment be decomposed into convex polyhedral Primitives. Intrusion distance and extraction vectors are then derived at every time step by applying Gilbert`s polyhedra distance algorithm, which has been adapted for the task. This information is then used to determine the compression and location of nonlinear virtual spring-dampers whose total force is summedmore » and applied to the manipulator/teleoperator system. Experimental results validate the whole approach, showing that it is possible to compute the algorithm and generate realistic, useful psuedo forces for a bilateral teleoperator system using standard VME bus hardware.« less

Study of spin dynamics and damping on the magnetic nanowire arrays with various nanowire widths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Jaehun; Fujii, Yuya; Konioshi, Katsunori; Yoon, Jungbum; Kim, Nam-Hui; Jung, Jinyong; Miwa, Shinji; Jung, Myung-Hwa; Suzuki, Yoshishige; You, Chun-Yeol

2016-07-01

We investigate the spin dynamics including Gilbert damping in the ferromagnetic nanowire arrays. We have measured the ferromagnetic resonance of ferromagnetic nanowire arrays using vector-network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (VNA-FMR) and analyzed the results with the micromagnetic simulations. We find excellent agreement between the experimental VNA-FMR spectra and micromagnetic simulations result for various applied magnetic fields. We find that the same tendency of the demagnetization factor for longitudinal and transverse conditions, Nz (Ny) increases (decreases) as increasing the nanowire width in the micromagnetic simulations while Nx is almost zero value in transverse case. We also find that the Gilbert damping constant increases from 0.018 to 0.051 as the increasing nanowire width for the transverse case, while it is almost constant as 0.021 for the longitudinal case.

Hurricane effects on backreef echinoderms of the Caribbean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aronson, R. B.

1993-11-01

The impacts of Hurricanes Gilbert (1988) and Hugo (1989) on echinoderm assemblages were assessed in backreef habitats in Jamaica and St. Croix, respectively. One site on each island was censused before the hurricanes. Ophiuroids were monitored at the Jamaican site for three years following Hurricane Gilbert, and ophiuroids and echinoids were monitored at the site on St. Croix for two years following Hurricane Hugo. No hurricane-related changes in ophiuroid abundance were observed at either site. Likewise, there was no evidence that Hurricane Hugo altered echinoid abundance at St. Croix. These negative results correlated with an observed lack of hurricane-generated physical disturbance in the backreef areas, despite 6-m waves that broke on the reef crests at the two sites during the storms. Hurricane impacts on mobile faunas appear to depend directly on physical habitat alterations.

Replication and Pedagogy in the History of Psychology IV: Patrick and Gilbert (1896) on Sleep Deprivation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuchs, Thomas; Burgdorf, Jeffrey

2008-05-01

We report an attempted replication of G. T. W. Patrick and J. A. Gilbert’s pioneering sleep deprivation experiment ‘Studies from the psychological laboratory of the University of Iowa. On the effects of loss of sleep’, conducted in 1895/96. Patrick and Gilbert’s study was the first sleep deprivation experiment of its kind, performed by some of the first formally trained psychologists. We attempted to recreate the original experience in two subjects, using similar apparatus and methodology, and drawing direct comparisons to the original study whenever possible. We argue for a strong influence of an ‘Americanized’ Wundtian psychology on Patrick and Gilbert, a claim supported biographically by their education and by their experimental methods. The replication thus opens interesting new perspectives, which are unlikely to be generated by any other historical approach.

Direct detection of metal-insulator phase transitions using the modified Backus-Gilbert method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulybyshev, Maksim; Winterowd, Christopher; Zafeiropoulos, Savvas

2018-03-01

The detection of the (semi)metal-insulator phase transition can be extremely difficult if the local order parameter which characterizes the ordered phase is unknown. In some cases, it is even impossible to define a local order parameter: the most prominent example of such system is the spin liquid state. This state was proposed to exist in the Hubbard model on the hexagonal lattice in a region between the semimetal phase and the antiferromagnetic insulator phase. The existence of this phase has been the subject of a long debate. In order to detect these exotic phases we must use alternative methods to those used for more familiar examples of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We have modified the Backus-Gilbert method of analytic continuation which was previously used in the calculation of the pion quasiparticle mass in lattice QCD. The modification of the method consists of the introduction of the Tikhonov regularization scheme which was used to treat the ill-conditioned kernel. This modified Backus-Gilbert method is applied to the Euclidean propagators in momentum space calculated using the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. In this way, it is possible to reconstruct the full dispersion relation and to estimate the mass gap, which is a direct signal of the transition to the insulating state. We demonstrate the utility of this method in our calculations for the Hubbard model on the hexagonal lattice. We also apply the method to the metal-insulator phase transition in the Hubbard-Coulomb model on the square lattice.

The Enhancement of spin Hall torque efficiency and Reduction of Gilbert damping in spin Hall metal/normal metal/ferromagnetic trilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Minh-Hai; Pai, Chi-Feng; Ralph, Daniel C.; Buhrman, Robert A.

2015-03-01

The spin Hall effect (SHE) in ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayer structures has been demonstrated to be a powerful means for producing pure spin currents and for exerting spin-orbit damping-like and field-like torques on the ferromagnetic layer. Large spin Hall (SH) angles have been reported for Pt, beta-Ta and beta-W films and have been utilized to achieve magnetic switching of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized nanomagnets, spin torque auto-oscillators, and the control of high velocity domain wall motion. For many of the proposed applications of the SHE it is also important to achieve an effective Gilbert damping parameter that is as low as possible. In general the spin orbit torques and the effective damping are predicted to depend directly on the spin-mixing conductance of the SH metal/ferromagnet interface. This opens up the possibility of tuning these properties with the insertion of a very thin layer of another metal between the SH metal and the ferromagnet. Here we will report on experiments with such trilayer structures in which we have observed both a large enhancement of the spin Hall torque efficiency and a significant reduction in the effective Gilbert damping. Our results indicate that there is considerable opportunity to optimize the effectiveness and energy efficiency of the damping-like torque through engineering of such trilayer structures. Supported in part by NSF and Samsung Electronics Corporation.

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, From J. Smith Futhey and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, From J. Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope, History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1881, page 234, EXTERIOR SKETCH, 1881. - Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse, Birmingham & Meetinghouse Roads, Birmingham, Chester County, PA

Enhanced ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of the free layer in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopman, D. B.; Dennis, C. L.; McMichael, R. D.; Hao, X.; Wang, Z.; Wang, X.; Gan, H.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, J.; Huai, Y.

2017-05-01

We report the frequency dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of the free layer in magnetic tunnel junctions with all perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetized layers. While the magnetic-field-swept linewidth nominally shows a linear growth with frequency in agreement with Gilbert damping, an additional frequency-dependent linewidth broadening occurs that shows a strong asymmetry between the absorption spectra for increasing and decreasing external magnetic field. Inhomogeneous magnetic fields produced during reversal of the reference and pinned layer complex is demonstrated to be at the origin of the symmetry breaking and the linewidth enhancement. Consequentially, this linewidth enhancement provides indirect information on the magnetic coercivity of the reference and pinned layers. These results have important implications for the characterization of perpendicular magnetized magnetic random access memory bit cells.

Bilirubin Decreases Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Protein Expression.

PubMed

Wang, Dongdong; Tosevska, Anela; Heiß, Elke H; Ladurner, Angela; Mölzer, Christine; Wallner, Marlies; Bulmer, Andrew; Wagner, Karl-Heinz; Dirsch, Verena M; Atanasov, Atanas G

2017-04-28

Mild but chronically elevated circulating unconjugated bilirubin is associated with reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, which is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to investigate whether unconjugated bilirubin influences macrophage cholesterol efflux, as a potential mechanism for the altered circulating lipoprotein concentrations observed in hyperbilirubinemic individuals. Cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages was assessed using plasma obtained from normo- and hyperbilirubinemic (Gilbert syndrome) humans (n=60 per group) or (heterozygote/homozygote Gunn) rats (n=20 per group) as an acceptor. Hyperbilirubinemic plasma from patients with Gilbert syndrome and Gunn rats induced significantly reduced cholesterol efflux compared with normobilirubinemic plasma. Unconjugated bilirubin (3-17.1 μmol/L) exogenously added to plasma- or apolipoprotein A1-supplemented media also decreased macrophage cholesterol efflux in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also showed reduced protein expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane cholesterol transporter involved in apolipoprotein A1-mediated cholesterol efflux, in THP-1 macrophages treated with unconjugated bilirubin and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from hyperbilirubinemic individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that bilirubin accelerates the degradation rate of the ABCA1 protein in THP-1 macrophages. Cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages is decreased in the presence of plasma obtained from humans and rats with mild hyperbilirubinemia. A direct effect of unconjugated bilirubin on cholesterol efflux was demonstrated and is associated with decreased ABCA1 protein expression. These data improve our knowledge concerning bilirubin's impact on cholesterol transport and represent an important advancement in our understanding of bilirubin's role in cardiovascular disease. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Frequency and field dependent dynamic properties of CoFe{sub 2−x}Al{sub x}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuanr, Bijoy K.; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918; Mishra, S.R., E-mail: srmishra@memphis.edu

2016-04-15

Highlights: “CoFe{sub 2−x} Al{sub x}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles: Static and dynamic properties” • Grain size reduction with Al{sup 3+} content. • Reduction in Ms, Hc, with increasing Al{sup 3+} content. • Increase in resonance frequency with applied field. • Decrease in resonance field with increase in Al{sup 3+} content. • Decrease in Gilbert parameter with increase in Al{sup 3+} content. - Abstract: Aluminum doped CoFe{sub 2−x}Al{sub x}O{sub 4} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) nanoparticles were synthesized via auto-combustion. Formation of single phase cubic spinel structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD analysis suggests a linear decrease in latticemore » cell parameters and grain size (90–55 nm) with the increase in Al{sup 3+} content. The saturation magnetization of samples decrease with increasing Al{sup 3+} content due to magnetic dilution effect. A concomitant linear reduction in coercivity was also observed mainly due to decrease in magnetic anisotropy. Frequency and field dependent dynamic properties of nanoparticles were studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique. The resonance frequency increases linearly with magnetic field for all nanoparticles. Magnetic field dependent experimental absorption data (S{sub 21} vs. frequency) were compared with effective medium theory considering an effective demagnetization field and was observed to be in good agreement with each other. High Al{sup 3+} content reduces the Gilbert damping parameter thus making CoFe{sub 2−x}Al{sub x}O{sub 4} as an attractive material for high frequency applications.« less

Problem-Solving Test: Pyrosequencing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szeberenyi, Jozsef

2013-01-01

Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: Maxam-Gilbert sequencing, Sanger sequencing, gel electrophoresis, DNA synthesis reaction, polymerase chain reaction, template, primer, DNA polymerase, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, nucleoside monophosphates, luminescence, acid anhydride bond,…

Contemporary Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Gilbert, Ed.

1999-01-01

This theme issue of "InSEA News" focuses on contemporary technology and art education. The articles are: "International Travel and Contemporary Technology" (Gilbert Clark); "Recollections and Visions for Electronic Computing in Art Education" (Guy Hubbard); "Using Technologies in Art Education: A Review of…

KSC-2014-3964

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-18

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Jason Gilbert, scientific associate, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, briefs media representatives in Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium in preparation for the launch of the SpaceX CRS-4 mission to resupply the International Space Station. Gilbert is a member of the ISS Research and Technology Panel. The mission is the fourth of 12 SpaceX flights NASA contracted with the company to resupply the space station. It will be the fifth trip by a Dragon spacecraft to the orbiting laboratory. The spacecraft’s 2.5 tons of supplies, science experiments, and technology demonstrations include critical materials to support 255 science and research investigations that will occur during the station's Expeditions 41 and 42. Liftoff is targeted for an instantaneous window at 2:14 a.m. EDT. To learn more about the mission, visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/launch/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Effect of spacer layer on the magnetization dynamics of permalloy/rare-earth/permalloy trilayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Chen, E-mail: ronanluochen@gmail.com; Yin, Yuli; Zhang, Dong

2015-05-07

The permalloy/rare-earth/permalloy trilayers with different types (Gd and Nd) and thicknesses of spacer layer are investigated using frequency dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements at room temperature, which shows different behaviors with different rare earth spacer layers. By fitting the frequency dependence of the FMR resonance field and linewidth, we find that the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy retains its value for all samples, the perpendicular anisotropy remains almost unchanged for different thickness of Gd layer but the values are tailored by different thicknesses of Nd layer. The Gilbert damping is almost unchanged with different thicknesses of Gd; however, the Gilbert dampingmore » is significantly enhanced from 8.4×10{sup −3} to 20.1×10{sup −3} with 6 nm of Nd and then flatten out when the Nd thickness rises above 6 nm.« less

Experimental differential cross sections, level densities, and spin cutoffs as a testing ground for nuclear reaction codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Voinov, Alexander V.; Grimes, Steven M.; Brune, Carl R.

Proton double-differential cross sections from 59Co(α,p) 62Ni, 57Fe(α,p) 60Co, 56Fe( 7Li,p) 62Ni, and 55Mn( 6Li,p) 60Co reactions have been measured with 21-MeV α and 15-MeV lithium beams. Cross sections have been compared against calculations with the empire reaction code. Different input level density models have been tested. It was found that the Gilbert and Cameron [A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965)] level density model is best to reproduce experimental data. Level densities and spin cutoff parameters for 62Ni and 60Co above the excitation energy range of discrete levels (in continuum) have been obtainedmore » with a Monte Carlo technique. Furthermore, excitation energy dependencies were found to be inconsistent with the Fermi-gas model.« less

Geomagnetic polarity epochs: Nunivak Island, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cox, A.; Dalrymple, G.B.

1967-01-01

New paleomagnetic and potassium-argon dating measurements have been made of basalt flows from Nunivak Island, Alaska, with the following results. (1) The best estimate of the age of the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity epoch boundary is found to be 0.694 m.y. (2) The best estimate of the age of the Gauss/Gilbert boundary is 3.32 m.y. (3) Three normally magnetized flows with ages from 0.93 to 0.88 m.y. are in accord with previous estimates of the age and duration of the Jaramillo normal event. (4) One normally magnetized flow with an age of 1.65 ?? 0.09 m.y. supplies additional evidence for the Gilsa?? normal event. (5) Two new normal events are identified within the Gilbert reversed epoch, the "Cochiti normal event" with an age of 3.7 m.y. and the "Nunivak normal event" with an age of 4.1 m.y. ?? 1967.

Gilbert Rahm and the Status of Mesotardigrada Rahm, 1937.

PubMed

Grothman, Gary T; Johansson, Carl; Chilton, Glen; Kagoshima, Hiroshi; Tsujimoto, Megumu; Suzuki, Atsushi C

2017-02-01

The tardigrade class Mesotardigrada was erected on the basis of the description of Thermozodium esakii by Gilbert Rahm in 1937. In some characteristics, T. esakii is intermediate between members of the classes Eutardigrada and Heterotardigrada. The class Mesotardigrada is known only from Rahm's published drawings of T. esakii; no voucher specimens are known, and subsequent attempts to collect it at the locus typicus have been unsuccessful. Among the possible explanations for this situation are that Rahm may have collected specimens of a more typical tardigrade, but misinterpreted what he saw. Alternatively, changes in habitat in the area may have led to the tardigrade's extirpation. Perhaps T. esakii is a rare species, such that recent sampling efforts have been insufficient to rediscover it. Finally, Rahm's 1937 description may be an attempt at deception. Until physical evidence of T. esakii is found, the species, and by extension the class Mesotardigrada, should be considered nomen dubium.

Effects of Differing Energy Dependences in Three Level-Density Models on Calculated Cross Sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fu, C.Y.

2000-07-15

Three level-density formalisms commonly used for cross-section calculations are examined. Residual nuclides in neutron interaction with {sup 58}Ni are chosen to quantify the well-known differences in the energy dependences of the three formalisms. Level-density parameters for the Gilbert and Cameron model are determined from experimental information. Parameters for the back-shifted Fermi-gas and generalized superfluid models are obtained by fitting their level densities at two selected energies for each nuclide to those of the Gilbert and Cameron model, forcing the level densities of the three models to be as close as physically allowed. The remaining differences are in their energy dependencesmore » that, it is shown, can change the calculated cross sections and particle emission spectra significantly, in some cases or energy ranges by a factor of 2.« less

Magnetization damping in two-component metal oxide micropowder and nanopowder compacts by broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Youssef, Jamal Ben; Brosseau, Christian

2006-12-01

The microwave damping mechanisms in magnetic inhomogeneous systems have displayed a richness of phenomenology that has attracted widespread interest over the years. Motivated by recent experiments, we report an extensive experimental study of the Gilbert damping parameter of multicomponent metal oxides micro- and nanophases. We label the former by M samples, and the latter by N samples. The main thrust of this examination is the magnetization dynamics in systems composed of mixtures of magnetic (γ-Fe2O3) and nonmagnetic (ZnO and epoxy resin) materials fabricated via powder processing. Detailed ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements on N and M samples are described so to determine changes in the microwave absorption over the 6-18GHz frequency range as a function of composition and static magnetic field. The FMR linewidth and the field dependent resonance were measured for the M and N samples, at a given volume fraction of the magnetic phase. The asymmetry in the form and change in the linewidth for the M samples are caused by the orientation distribution of the local anisotropy fields, whereas the results for the N samples suggest that the linewidth is very sensitive to details of the spatial magnetic inhomogeneities. For N samples, the peak-to-peak linewidth increases continuously with the volume content of magnetic material. The influence of the volume fraction of the magnetic phase on the static internal field was also investigated. Furthermore, important insights are gleaned through analysis of the interrelationship between effective permeability and Gilbert damping constant. Different mechanisms have been considered to explain the FMR linewidth: the intrinsic Gilbert damping, the broadening induced by the magnetic inhomogeneities, and the extrinsic magnetic relaxation. We observed that the effective Gilbert damping constant of the series of N samples are found to be substantially smaller in comparison to M samples. This effect is attributed to the surface anisotropy contribution to the anisotropy of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. From these measurements, the characteristic intrinsic damping dependent on the selected material and the damping due to surface/interface effects and interparticle interaction were estimated. The inhomogeneous linewidth (damping) due to surface/interface effects decreases with diminishing particle size, whereas the homogeneous linewidth (damping) due to interactions increases with increasing volume fraction of magnetic particles (i.e., reducing the separation between neighboring magnetic phases) in the composite.

Controlled creation and stability of k π skyrmions on a discrete lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagemeister, Julian; Siemens, Ansgar; Rózsa, Levente; Vedmedenko, Elena Y.; Wiesendanger, Roland

2018-05-01

We determine sizes and activation energies of k π skyrmions on a discrete lattice using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and the geodesic nudged elastic band method. The employed atomic material parameters are based on the skyrmionic material system Pd/Fe/Ir(111). We find that the critical magnetic fields for collapse of the 2 π skyrmion and 3 π skyrmion are very close to each other and considerably lower than the critical field of the 1 π skyrmion. The activation energy protecting the structures does not strictly decrease with increasing k as it can be larger for the 3 π skyrmion than for the 2 π skyrmion depending on the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, we propose a method of switching the skyrmion order k by a reversion of the magnetic field direction in samples of finite size.

Updating the Behavior Engineering Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chevalier, Roger

2003-01-01

Considers Thomas Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model as a tool for systematically identifying barriers to individual and organizational performance. Includes a detailed case study and a performance aid that incorporates gap analysis, cause analysis, and force field analysis to update the original model. (Author/LRW)

CSX rail trestle conversion to ATV trail.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

The Hatfield and McCoy Trail Authority (HMRRA) operates the Rockhouse ATV trail : between Man and Gilbert WV. Prior to this project, trail riders wishing to cross the Guyandotte : River had to ride the streets of Man, WV. The project goal was to prom...

Health Education Intervention. An Annotated Bibliography. Nutrition Education Series Issue 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

This annotated bibliography contains 73 citations describing health education programs around the world. Countries represented include: Bangladesh, Egypt, Gambia, Gilbert Islands, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, Swaziland, Thailand, Tunisia, Australia, Colombia, India, United Kingdom, Canada,…

iss053e180184

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-12

iss053e180184 (Nov. 12, 2017) --- The islands of (from left) Abaiang, Tarawa and Maiana are part of the Gilbert Islands and make up part of the republic of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. Kiribati is comprised of a total of 33 coral atolls and isles.

78 FR 41194 - Open Meeting of the Taxpayer Advocacy Panel Joint Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-09

.... Gilbert at 1-888-912-1227 or (515) 564-6638 or write: TAP Office, 210 Walnut Street, Stop 5115, Des Moines... committee issues for submission to the IRS and other TAP related topics. Public input is welcomed. Dated...

History Never Repeats Itself

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burawoy, Michael

2009-01-01

In his presidential address Jess Gilbert examines two democratic experiments of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) during the New Deal: first, county planning that coordinated federal programs through citizen committees, and second, land redistribution to landless southern farmers, including a small number of black sharecroppers…

Advanced Communication Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-01

networks with different structures have been developed. In some networks, stations (i.e., computers and/or their peripherals, such as printers , etc.) are...existence of codes which exceed the Gilbert- Varsharmov bound as demonstrated by Tafasman, Vladut, and Zink . Geometric methods will then be used to analyze

Unifying ultrafast demagnetization and intrinsic Gilbert damping in Co/Ni bilayers with electronic relaxation near the Fermi surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Wei; He, Wei; Zhang, Xiang-Qun; Cheng, Zhao-Hua; Teng, Jiao; Fähnle, Manfred

2017-12-01

The ability to controllably manipulate the laser-induced ultrafast magnetic dynamics is a prerequisite for future high-speed spintronic devices. The optimization of devices requires the controllability of the ultrafast demagnetization time τM and intrinsic Gilbert damping αintr. In previous attempts to establish a relationship between τM and αintr, the rare-earth doping of a permalloy film with two different demagnetization mechanisms was not a suitable candidate. Here, we choose Co/Ni bilayers to investigate the relations between τM and αintr by means of the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) via adjusting the thickness of the Ni layers, and obtain an approximately proportional relation between these two parameters. The remarkable agreement between the TR-MOKE experiment and the prediction of a breathing Fermi-surface model confirms that a large Elliott-Yafet spin-mixing parameter b2 is relevant to the strong spin-orbital coupling at the Co/Ni interface. More importantly, a proportional relation between τM and αintr in such metallic films or heterostructures with electronic relaxation near the Fermi surface suggests the local spin-flip scattering dominates the mechanism of ultrafast demagnetization, otherwise the spin-current mechanism dominates. It is an effective method to distinguish the dominant contributions to ultrafast magnetic quenching in metallic heterostructures by simultaneously investigating both the ultrafast demagnetization time and Gilbert damping. Our work can open an avenue to manipulate the magnitude and efficiency of terahertz emission in metallic heterostructures such as perpendicular magnetic anisotropic Ta/Pt/Co/Ni/Pt/Ta multilayers, and then it has an immediate implication for the design of high-frequency spintronic devices.

New capabilities for older aircraft: A study of pilot integration of retro-fit digital avionics to analog-instrumented flight decks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breuer, Glynn E.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether applying Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model to military tactical aviation organizations would foster effective user integration of retro-fit digital avionics in analog-instrumented flight decks. This study examined the relationship between the reported presence of environmental supports and personal repertory supports as defined by Gilbert, and the reported self-efficacy of users of retro-fit digital avionics to analog flight decks, and examined the efficacious behaviors of users as they attain mastery of the equipment and procedures, and user reported best practices and criteria for masterful performance in the use of retro-fit digital avionics and components. This study used a mixed methodology, using quantitative surveys to measure the perceived level of organizational supports that foster mastery of retro-fit digital avionic components, and qualitative interviews to ascertain the efficacious behaviors and best practices of masterful users of these devices. The results of this study indicate that there is some relationship between the reported presence of organizational supports and personal repertory supports and the reported self-mastery and perceived organizational mastery of retro-fit digital avionics applied to the operation of the research aircraft. The primary recommendation is that unit leadership decide exactly the capabilities desired from retro-fit equipment, publish these standards, ensure training in these standards is effective, and evaluate performance based on these standards. Conclusions indicate that sufficient time and resources are available to the individual within the study population, and the organization as a whole, to apply Gilbert's criteria toward the mastery of retro-fit digital avionics applied to the operation of the research aircraft.

Processes controlling the retreat of the Isles Dernieres, a Louisiana barrier-island chain

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dingler, John R.; Reiss, Thomas E.

1991-01-01

The Isles Dernieres is a low-lying, transgressive barrier-island chain situated about 150 km west of the modern Mississippi delta. Much of the Isles Dernieres consists of highly dissected salt-marsh muds that lie at or slightly above sea level and are covered by a veneer of sand along the shoreline facing the Gulf of Mexico. Maximum berm elevations are generally less than 1.5 m above mean sea level. Since the mid-1800s, the initial island has been fragmented into four islands, and the beach face has retreated landward at a rate of more than 10 m/yr. The dominant processes controlling degradation of the chain are cold fronts that pass through the area several times each year and occasional hurricanes. Beach surveys over a 2-year period on the Isles Dernieres document irreversible beach-face retreat in conjunction with multiple cold fronts and one major hurricane (Gilbert). Although both the hurricane and the cold fronts caused the island to erode, the erosional patterns of the two storm types differed from each other. During the two years, over 60 cold fronts collectively caused about 37 m of beach-face retreat, whereas Gilbert itself produced more than 40 m of retreat. A major difference between the two storm types was in the percentage of washover sand produced by each. Commonly, the cold fronts did not create enough of a storm surge to overtop the berm, so most of the material removed from the beach face must have moved offshore or alongshore. Gilbert, in contrast, inundated the study site, and essentially all the sand removed from the beach face moved to the backshore.

Damping in Materials for Spintronic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mewes, Claudia

The next generation of spintronic devices relies strongly on the development of new materials with high spin polarization, optimized intrinsic damping and tunable magnetic anisotropy. Therefore, technological progress in this area depends heavily on the successful search for new materials as well as on a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the spin polarization, the damping and the magnetic anisotropy. This talk will focus on different aspects of materials with a low intrinsic relaxation rate. Our results are based on first principles calculations in combination with a non-orthogonal tight-binding model to predict those material properties for complex materials which can be used for example in new spin based memory devices or logic devices. However, the intrinsic damping parameter predicted from first principle calculations does not take into account adjacent layers that are present in the final device. Spin pumping is a well-known contribution that has to be taken into account for practical applications using multilayer structures. More recently a strong unidirectional contribution to the relaxation in exchange bias systems has been observed experimentally. To describe this phenomenon theoretically we use the formalism of an anisotropic Gilbert damping tensor that takes the place of the (scalar) Gilbert damping parameter in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion. While for single crystals this anisotropy is expected to be small, making experimental confirmation difficult, the broken symmetry in exchange bias systems provides an excellent testing ground to study the modified magnetization dynamics under the influence of unidirectional damping. C.K.A. Mewes would like to thank her colleague T. Mewes and her students J.B. Mohammadi, A.E. Farrar. We acknowledge support by the NSF-CAREER Award No. 1452670, and NSF-CAREER Award No. 0952929.

James Dwight Dana and John Strong Newberry in the US Pacific Northwest: The roots of American fluvialism

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Connor, Jim E.

2018-01-01

Recognition of the power of rivers to carve landscapes transformed geology and geomorphology in the late nineteenth century. Wide acceptance of this concept—then known as “fluvialism”—owes to many factors and people, several associated with exploration of western North America. Especially famous are the federal geographic and geologic surveys of the US Southwest with John Wesley Powell and Grove Karl Gilbert, which produced key insights regarding river processes. Yet earlier and less-known surveys also engaged young geologists embarking on tremendously influential careers, particularly the 1838–1842 US Exploring Expedition with James Dwight Dana and the 1853–1855 railroad surveys including John Strong Newberry. Informed but little constrained by European and British perspectives on landscape formation, Dana and Newberry built compelling cases for the erosive power of rivers, largely from observations in the US Pacific Northwest. They seeded the insights of the later southwestern surveys, Dana by his writings and station at Yale and his hugely influential Manual of Geology, published in 1863, and Newberry by becoming the first geologist to explore the dramatic river-carved canyons of the Southwest and then a forceful proponent of the federal surveys spotlighting the erosional landscapes. Newberry also gave Gilbert his start as a geologist. Although Dana and Newberry are renowned early American geologists, their geomorphic contributions were overshadowed by the works of Powell, Gilbert, and William Morris Davis. Yet Dana and Newberry were the first ardent American proponents of fluvialism, providing strong roots that in just a few decades transformed western geology, roots nourished in large measure by the geologically fertile landscapes of the US Pacific Northwest.

Management Textbooks as Propaganda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Kim S.; Ireland, R. Duane; Lussier, Robert N.; New, J. Randolph; Robbins, Stephen P.

2003-01-01

Four management textbook authors react to the metaphor of textbooks as propaganda. All write to support managerial ideology and are aware of the market, but believe their role in shaping the field is limited. Includes two responses: "Propaganda, Trusteeship, and Artifact" (Daniel R. Gilbert) and "The Hegemonic Discourse of…

The Life of the Mind: A Tribute to Three Professors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yamamoto, Kaoru

2000-01-01

This speech by a distinguished scholar in educational psychology recounts, with appreciation, his educational experiences under three distinguished professors: Toshio Maki, his undergraduate thesis supervisor in Japan; E. Paul Torrance, the prominent educational psychologist; and C. Gilbert Wrenn, his doctoral advisor. (DB)

75 FR 65663 - Gilbert Eugene Johnson, M.D.; Revocation of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... administering of controlled or narcotic drugs''; and (3) Respondent ``prescribed, dispensed or administered controlled substances or narcotic drugs in excess of the amount considered good medical practice or prescribed, dispensed or administered controlled substances or narcotic drugs without medical need.'' Id. at...

Don't "Short Circuit" STEM Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruxvoort, Crystal; Jadrich, James

2016-01-01

Science students should undertake engineering design projects and carry out scientific investigations, as recommended by the "Next Generation Science Standards" (NGSS Lead States 2013). However, studies show that students misconstrue the goals of science and engineering and are uncertain about their respective practices (Gilbert and Wade…

Biodiversity Monitoring Using NGS Approaches on Unusual Substrates (2013 DOE JGI Genomics of Energy and Environment 8th Annual User Meeting)

ScienceCinema

Gilbert, Tom

2018-02-06

Tom Gilbert of the Natural History Museum of Denmark on "Biodiversity monitoring using NGS approaches on unusual substrates" at the 8th Annual Genomics of Energy & Environment Meeting in Walnut Creek, Calif.

Thyroid insufficiency in developing rat brain: A genomic analysis.

EPA Science Inventory

Thyroid Insufficiency in the Developing Rat Brain: A Genomic Analysis. JE Royland and ME Gilbert, Neurotox. Div., U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA. Endocrine disruption (ED) is an area of major concern in environmental neurotoxicity. Severe deficits in thyroid hormone (TH) levels have bee...

Biodiversity Monitoring Using NGS Approaches on Unusual Substrates (2013 DOE JGI Genomics of Energy and Environment 8th Annual User Meeting)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, Tom

Tom Gilbert of the Natural History Museum of Denmark on "Biodiversity monitoring using NGS approaches on unusual substrates" at the 8th Annual Genomics of Energy & Environment Meeting in Walnut Creek, Calif.

Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter iguaniorum Strain 1485ET, Isolated from a Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps).

PubMed

Gilbert, Maarten J; Miller, William G; Yee, Emma; Kik, Marja; Wagenaar, Jaap A; Duim, Birgitta

2014-08-21

Campylobacter iguaniorum has been isolated from reptiles. This Campylobacter species is genetically related to Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter hyointestinalis. Here we present the first whole-genome sequence for this species. Copyright © 2014 Gilbert et al.

Modeling Psychobiological Development in the Post-Genomic Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lickliter, Robert

2013-01-01

Psychobiological systems theory is a relational approach to development that challenges the longstanding views that (1) genetic and environmental influences on the phenotype can be meaningfully partitioned and that (2) genes are capable of directly specifying phenotypes. Gilbert Gottlieb's theoretical innovations including the notion of…

[Pictures of autism in the American cinema].

PubMed

Matusevich, Mauricio; Matusevich, Daniel

2005-01-01

The aim of this article is to analyze the different ways in which the autism appears in the american cinema; the genres chosen are comedy, thriller and road movie because they represent classical movie patterns. The movies commented are: Mercury rising, Rainman, Who eats Gilbert Grape.

Selective Tuning of Gilbert Damping in Spin-Valve Trilayer by Insertion of Rare-Earth Nanolayers.

PubMed

Zhang, Wen; Zhang, Dong; Wong, Ping Kwan Johnny; Yuan, Honglei; Jiang, Sheng; van der Laan, Gerrit; Zhai, Ya; Lu, Zuhong

2015-08-12

Selective tuning of the Gilbert damping constant, α, in a NiFe/Cu/FeCo spin-valve trilayer has been achieved by inserting different rare-earth nanolayers adjacent to the ferromagnetic layers. Frequency dependent analysis of the ferromagnetic resonances shows that the initially small magnitude of α in the NiFe and FeCo layers is improved by Tb and Gd insertions to various amounts. Using the element-specific technique of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we find that the observed increase in α can be attributed primarily to the orbital moment enhancement of Ni and Co, rather than that of Fe. The amplitude of the enhancement depends on the specific rare-earth element, as well as on the lattice and electronic band structure of the transition metals. Our results demonstrate an effective way for individual control of the magnetization dynamics in the different layers of the spin-valve sandwich structures, which will be important for practical applications in high-frequency spintronic devices.

The effect of the magnetic nanoparticle's size dependence of the relaxation time constant on the specific loss power of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harabech, Mariem; Leliaert, Jonathan; Coene, Annelies; Crevecoeur, Guillaume; Van Roost, Dirk; Dupré, Luc

2017-03-01

Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is a cancer treatment in which magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are subjected to an alternating magnetic field to induce heat in the tumor. The generated heat of MNPs is characterized by the specific loss power (SLP) due to relaxation phenomena of the MNP. Up to now, several models have been proposed to predict the SLP, one of which is the Linear Response Theory. One parameter in this model is the relaxation time constant. In this contribution, we employ a macrospin model based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation to investigate the relation between the Gilbert damping parameter and the relaxation time constant. This relaxation time has a pre-factor τ0 which is often taken as a fixed value ranging between 10-8 and 10-12 s. However, in reality it has small size dependence. Here, the influence of this size dependence on the calculation of the SLP is demonstrated, consequently improving the accuracy of this estimate.

The science behind the smile. Interview by Gardiner Morse.

PubMed

Gilbert, Daniel

2012-01-01

Only recently have we been able to apply science to one of the world's oldest questions: "What is the nature of happiness?" In this edited interview, the author of the 2006 best seller Stumbling on Happiness surveys the field. Gilbert explores the sudden emergence of happiness as a discipline, reviews the major findings (including the mistakes we all make in predicting how happy or miserable we'll be), and examines the role of happiness in productivity on the job. He describes what makes us truly happy-it's not a promotion or a new house-and sketches out a "happiness diet" that emphasizes small, routine efforts. Looking forward, Gilbert discusses the breakthrough work of his colleague Matthew Killingsworth, whose iPhoneenabled real-time surveys of people's moods are providing an ultra-high-resolution picture of how our emotional states shift from minute to minute. A sidebar by Killingsworth offers a preliminary look at his findings and their implications for our personal and workplace lives.

Notch-Boosted Domain Wall Propagation in Magnetic Nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiang Rong; Yuan, Hauiyang

Magnetic domain wall (DW) motion along a nanowire underpins many proposals of spintronic devices. High DW propagation velocity is obviously important because it determines the device speed. Thus it is interesting to search for effective control knobs of DW dynamics. We report a counter-intuitive finding that notches in an otherwise homogeneous magnetic nanowire can boost current-induced domain wall (DW) propagation. DW motion in notch-modulated wires can be classified into three phases: 1) A DW is pinned around a notch when the current density is below the depinning current density. 2) DW propagation velocity above the depinning current density is boosted by notches when non-adiabatic spin-transfer torque strength is smaller than the Gilbert damping constant. The boost can be many-fold. 3) DW propagation velocity is hindered when non-adiabatic spin-transfer torque strength is larger than the Gilbert damping constant. This work was supported by Hong Kong GRF Grants (Nos. 163011151 and 605413) and the Grant from NNSF of China (No. 11374249).

Controlling Gilbert damping in a YIG film using nonlocal spin currents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haidar, M.; Dürrenfeld, P.; Ranjbar, M.; Balinsky, M.; Fazlali, M.; Dvornik, M.; Dumas, R. K.; Khartsev, S.; Åkerman, J.

2016-11-01

We demonstrate the control of Gilbert damping in 65-nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films using a spin-polarized current generated by a direct current through a nanocontact, spin filtered by a thin Co layer. The magnetodynamics of both the YIG and the Co layers can be excited by a pulse-modulated microwave current injected through the nanocontact and the response detected as a lock-in amplified voltage over the device. The spectra show three clear peaks, two associated with the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in each layer, and an additional Co mode with a higher wave vector proportional to the inverse of the nanocontact diameter. By varying the sign and magnitude of the direct nanocontact current, we can either increase or decrease the linewidth of the YIG FMR peak consistent with additional positive or negative damping being exerted by the nonlocal spin current injected into the YIG film. Our nanocontact approach thus offers an alternative route in the search for auto-oscillations in YIG films.

The first metatarsal web space: its applied anatomy and usage in tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery in thumb reconstruction.

PubMed

Xu, Yong-Qing; Li, Jun; Zhong, Shi-Zhen; Xu, Da-Chuan; Xu, Xiao-Shan; Guo, Yuan-Fa; Wang, Xin-Min; Li, Zhu-Yi; Zhu, Yue-Liang

2004-12-01

To clarify the anatomical relationship of the structures in the first toe webbing space for better dissection of toes in thumb reconstruction. The first dorsal metatarsal artery, the first deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the extensor expansion were observed on 42 adult cadaveric lower extremities. Clinically the method of tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery around the space of the extensor expansion was used in 36 cases of thumb reconstruction. The distal segments of the first dorsal metatarsal artery of Gilbert types I and II were located superficially to the extensor expansion. The harvesting time of a toe was shortened from 90 minutes to 50 minutes with 100% survival of reconstructed fingers. The distal segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery lies constantly at the superficial layer of the extensor expansion. Most of the first metatarsal arteries of Gilbert types I and II can be easily located via the combined sequential and reverse dissection around the space of the extensor expansion.

Parity-time symmetry breaking in magnetic systems

DOE PAGES

Galda, Alexey; Vinokur, Valerii M.

2016-07-14

The understanding of out-of-equilibrium physics, especially dynamic instabilities and dynamic phase transitions, is one of the major challenges of contemporary science, spanning the broadest wealth of research areas that range from quantum optics to living organisms. By focusing on nonequilibrium dynamics of an open dissipative spin system, we introduce a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach, in which non-Hermiticity reflects dissipation and deviation from equilibrium. The imaginary part of the proposed spin Hamiltonian describes the effects of Gilbert damping and applied Slonczewski spin-transfer torque. In the classical limit, our approach reproduces Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski dynamics of a large macrospin. Here, we reveal the spin-transfer torque-drivenmore » parity-time symmetry-breaking phase transition corresponding to a transition from precessional to exponentially damped spin dynamics. Micromagnetic simulations for nanoscale ferromagnetic disks demonstrate the predicted effect. These findings can pave the way to a general quantitative description of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions driven by spontaneous parity-time symmetry breaking.« less

A model of how different biology experts explain molecular and cellular mechanisms.

PubMed

Trujillo, Caleb M; Anderson, Trevor R; Pelaez, Nancy J

2015-01-01

Constructing explanations is an essential skill for all science learners. The goal of this project was to model the key components of expert explanation of molecular and cellular mechanisms. As such, we asked: What is an appropriate model of the components of explanation used by biology experts to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms? Do explanations made by experts from different biology subdisciplines at a university support the validity of this model? Guided by the modeling framework of R. S. Justi and J. K. Gilbert, the validity of an initial model was tested by asking seven biologists to explain a molecular mechanism of their choice. Data were collected from interviews, artifacts, and drawings, and then subjected to thematic analysis. We found that biologists explained the specific activities and organization of entities of the mechanism. In addition, they contextualized explanations according to their biological and social significance; integrated explanations with methods, instruments, and measurements; and used analogies and narrated stories. The derived methods, analogies, context, and how themes informed the development of our final MACH model of mechanistic explanations. Future research will test the potential of the MACH model as a guiding framework for instruction to enhance the quality of student explanations. © 2015 C. M. Trujillo et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2015 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

Final Report - BRER Core Support

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Evan B. Douple

2007-01-09

This contract provided core support for activities of the advisory committee of experts comprising the Board on Radiation Effects Research (BRER), in The National Academies' Division on Earth and Life Studies. That committee met two times during the funding period. The committee members provided oversight and advice regarding ongoing BRER projects and also assisted in the identification of potential committee members for new studies and the development of proposals for projects in the radiation sciences worthy for future study. In addition, funding provided support for the planning, advertisement, and invited speakers' travel-expense reimbursement for the Third and Fourth Gilbert W.more » Beebe Symposia held at The National Academies on December 1, 2004 and on November 30, 2005, respectively.« less

Issues in Correctional Training and Casework. Correctional Monograph.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolford, Bruce I., Ed.; Lawrenz, Pam, Ed.

The eight papers contained in this monograph were drawn from two national meetings on correctional training and casework. Titles and authors are: "The Challenge of Professionalism in Correctional Training" (Michael J. Gilbert); "A New Perspective in Correctional Training" (Jack Lewis); "Reasonable Expectations in Correctional Officer Training:…

Capital Campaigns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dalessandro, David; And Others

1989-01-01

Eight articles focus on capital campaigns including setting goals (D. Dalessandro), the lead gift (D. A. Campbell), motivating trustees (J. J. Ianolli, Jr.), alumni associations (W. B. Adams), role of public relations officers (R. L. Williams), special events( H.R. Gilbert), the campaign document (R. King), and case statements (D. R. Treadwell,…

The Impact of Alignment Coaching on Christian Teachers' Worthy Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hines, Linda M.

2010-01-01

"The Impact of Alignment Coaching on Christian Teachers' Worthy Performance" uses Human Performance Technology and "teleonomics" (Gilbert 2007) to document several intersecting vantage points as one performance improvement system of alignment coaching (AC). Coaching relationships and accomplishments of consistently (daily) reading the Bible,…

Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology

Science.gov Websites

Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology Discover. Predict. Improve. Advancing Human and , 2015 See all Research Papers Featured Video Introduction to Systems Biology Video: Introduction to Systems Biology News Jack Gilbert Heading UChicago Startup that Aims to Predict Behavior of Trillions of

A Feedback Perspective of Healthcare Demand/Supply Relationship and Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

more attention and more resources to be utilized from any given healthcare system facility. More diagnostic tests lead to more disease prevalence , which...2003 Black, William C., Welch, Gilbert H., “Advances in Diagnostic Imaging and Overestimation of Disease Prevalence and Benefits of Therapy

CHRONIC DEVELOPMENTAL LEAD EXPOSURE REDUCES NEUROGENESIS IN ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS.

EPA Science Inventory

CHRONIC DEVELOPMENTAL LEAD EXPOSURE REDUCES NEUROGENESIS IN ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS. ME Gilbert1, ME Kelly2, S. Salant3, T Shafer1, J Goodman3 1Neurotoxicology Div, US EPA, RTP, NC, 27711, 2Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, 3Helen Hayes Hospital, Haverstraw, NY, 10993.
...

Globalization: A Brief Primer for Counselors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paredes, Daniel M.; Choi, Kyoung Mi; Dipal, Maria; Edwards-Joseph, Arline R. A. C.; Ermakov, Nikolai; Gouveia, Ana T.; Jain, Sachin; Koyama, Chieko; Hinkle, J. Scott; Benshoff, James M.

2008-01-01

The concept of globalization elicits a wide range of reactions among the public, policy makers, and academics (Bennhold 2007; Bradsher 2006; Cheng 2005; Dobbs 2004; Friedman 2005; Gilbert 2006; Oppenheimer 2005; Stiglitz 2006; Winestock 2001; World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization 2004). Increased understanding of globalization…

Assessing the impacts of climate change and dams on floodplain inundation and wetland connectivity in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karim, Fazlul; Dutta, Dushmanta; Marvanek, Steve; Petheram, Cuan; Ticehurst, Catherine; Lerat, Julien; Kim, Shaun; Yang, Ang

2015-03-01

Floodplain wetlands and their hydrological connectivity with main river channels in the Australian wet-dry tropics are under increasing pressure from global climate change and water resource development, and there is a need for modelling tools to estimate the time dynamics of connectivity. This paper describes an integrated modelling framework combining conceptual rainfall-runoff modelling, river system modelling and hydrodynamic (HD) modelling to estimate hydrological connectivity between wetlands and rivers in the Flinders and Gilbert river catchments in northern Australia. Three historical flood events ranging from a mean annual flood to a 35-year return period flood were investigated using a two dimensional HD model (MIKE 21). Inflows from upstream catchments were estimated using a river network model. Local runoff within the HD modelling domain was simulated using the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) derived 30 m DEM was used to reproduce floodplain topography, stream networks and wetlands in the HD model. The HD model was calibrated using stream gauge data and inundation maps derived from satellite (MODIS: MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery. An algorithm was developed to combine the simulated water heights with the DEM to quantify inundation and flow connection between wetlands and rivers. The connectivity of 18 ecologically important wetlands on the Flinders floodplain and 7 on the Gilbert floodplain were quantified. The impacts of climate change and water resource development on connectivity to individual wetlands were assessed under a projected dry climate (2nd driest of 15 GCMs), wet climate (2nd wettest of 15 GCMs) and dam conditions. The results indicate that changes in rainfall under a wetter and drier future climate could have large impacts on area, duration and frequency of inundation and connectivity. Topographic relief, river bank elevation and flood magnitude were found to be the key factors contributing to the level of connectivity. Under a wetter future climate the average duration of connection of wetlands to the main river channel increased by 7% and under a drier climate it decreased by 18%. Construction of a 248 GL dam in the Flinders catchment and two (498 and 271 GL capacity) in the Gilbert catchment could reduce the average duration of connectivity by 1% and 2% in the Flinders and Gilbert catchments respectively. This information is potentially useful to future studies on the flood-dependent ecology in this region.

Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults.

PubMed

Fargo, Matthew V; Grogan, Scott P; Saguil, Aaron

2017-02-01

Jaundice in adults can be an indicator of significant underlying disease. It is caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels in the unconjugated or conjugated form. The evaluation of jaundice relies on the history and physical examination. The initial laboratory evaluation should include fractionated bilirubin, a complete blood count, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, ?-glutamyltransferase, prothrombin time and/or international normalized ratio, albumin, and protein. Imaging with ultrasonography or computed tomography can differentiate between extrahepatic obstructive and intrahepatic parenchymal disorders. Ultrasonography is the least invasive and least expensive imaging method. A more extensive evaluation may include additional cancer screening, biliary imaging, autoimmune antibody assays, and liver biopsy. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs with increased bilirubin production caused by red blood cell destruction, such as hemolytic disorders, and disorders of impaired bilirubin conjugation, such as Gilbert syndrome. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs in disorders of hepatocellular damage, such as viral and alcoholic hepatitis, and cholestatic disorders, such as choledocholithiasis and neoplastic obstruction of the biliary tree.

Recent identification of an ERK signal gradient governing planarian regeneration.

PubMed

Agata, Kiyokazu; Tasaki, Junichi; Nakajima, Elizabeth; Umesono, Yoshihiko

2014-06-01

Planarians have strong regenerative abilities derived from their adult pluripotent stem cell (neoblast) system. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in planarian regeneration have long remained a mystery. In particular, no anterior-specifying factor(s) could be found, although Wnt family proteins had been successfully identified as posterior-specifying factors during planarian regeneration (Gurley et al., 2008; Petersen and Reddien, 2008). A recent textbook of developmental biology therefore proposes a Wnt antagonist as a putative anterior factor (Gilbert, 2013). That is, planarian regeneration was supposed to be explained by a single decreasing gradient of the β-catenin signal from tail to head. However, recently we succeeded in demonstrating that in fact the extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) form a decreasing gradient from head to tail to direct the reorganization of planarian body regionality after amputation (Umesono et al., 2013). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

THYROID INSUFFICIENCY AND GENE EXPRESSION IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN: A DOSE RESPONSE STUDY.

EPA Science Inventory

Thyroid Insufficiency and Gene Expression in Developing Rat Brain: A Dose Response Study. JE Royland and ME Gilbert, Neurotox. Div., U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA. Endocrine disruption is an area of major concern in environmental neurotoxicity. Deficits in thyroid hormone (TH) levels h...

MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXENEMIA LEADS TO PERSISTENT DEFICITS IN HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND LEARNING IN OFFSPRING.

EPA Science Inventory

MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXINEMIA LEADS TO PERSISTENT DEFICITS IN HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND LEARNING IN RAT OFFSPRING. M.E. Gilbert1 and Li Sui2, Neurotoxicology Division, 1US EPA and 2National Research Council, Research Triangle Pk, NC 27711.
While severe hypothyroidis...

Manufacturing Methods and Technology Engineering for Tape Chip Carrier.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

equipment and fixtures were used in the manufacturer of the Sync Counter hybrid microcircuit. o Continuous Tape Plater - Model No. STP, Microplate ...Headquarters 001 Commander ATTN: Ray L. Gilbert Naval Ocean Systems Center 608 Independence Ave., SW ATTN: Dr. W. D. McKee, Jr. Washington, DC 20546 Code

75 FR 57272 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery Settlement; Gilberts/Kedzie Site, Village of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-20

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9203-6] Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery... hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement for recovery of past response costs concerning the... requires the settling parties to pay $3,000.00 to the Hazardous Substance Superfund and additional payments...

Warriors on the Path to Academic Careers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poodry, Clifton A.

1996-01-01

Electrical engineer Robert Whitman and microbiologist Gilbert John have pursued academic careers in order to advance their own research and serve as role models for Native American students. After receiving Ph.D.s, Whitman and John were appointed assistant professors at research-oriented universities. Sidebar addresses the role Native American…

A New Pathway: Video-Based Professional Development in Geography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boehm, Richard G.; Brysch, Carmen P.; Mohan, Audrey; Backler, Alan

2012-01-01

The Gilbert M. Grosvenor Center for Geographic Education, in partnership with the Agency for Instructional Technology, and the National Geographic Education Foundation have embarked on the production of a twenty-two-program, Web-based professional development series for teachers of geography, social studies, and environmental science, titled…

Effective Teaching and Learning in Interprofessional Education in Child Welfare

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteley, Robert F.; Gillespie, Judy; Robinson, Cathy; Watts, Wilda; Carter, Deb

2014-01-01

This article reports on research regarding interprofessional education (IPE) in child welfare conducted in 2009 and 2010. Pre service nursing, social worker and teacher education candidates participated in a workshop that "exposed" (Charles, Bainbridge & Gilbert, 2010) students to IPE in child welfare. This paper addresses a gap in…

Commentary on "A Quality of Giftedness"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaughnessy, Michael F.; Valdez, Gilbert

2012-01-01

In this commentary on "A Quality of Giftedness," ("Gifted and Talented International," v27 n2 p13-71 2012), by Dr. Joan Freeman, Michael F. Shaughnessy and Gilbert Valdez recognize that those working with gifted populations have all encountered an intangible, ephemeral aspect that is often quite difficult to describe, harder…

Differential Treatment of Pregnancy in Employment: The Impact of General Electric Co. v. Gilbert and Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Ellen T.

1978-01-01

Supreme Court decisions in two recent court cases concerning Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the pregnancy of female employees illustrate how stereotyped notions of pregnancy influence perceptions about women's roles in employment. (EB)

Bridging the Performance Gap with Ergonomics: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rethaber, James D.

2011-01-01

Faced with increased incidences of work-related strain and sprain injuries and OSHA-recordable injuries, the organization in this case study details how it resolved these performance-related issues. This case study also demonstrates the effectiveness of Thomas Gilbert's (1978) Behavior Engineering Model as a tool for analyzing, defining, and…

Internationalizing the Academy: Lessons of Leadership in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merkx, Gilbert W., Ed.; Nolan, Riall W., Ed.

2015-01-01

"Internationalizing the Academy" is the first book to offer a detailed look at efforts to bring ambitious and expanding portfolios of international programs to US campuses. Gilbert W. Merkx and Riall W. Nolan, leading figures in the burgeoning international higher education sector, provide a thorough examination of how numerous…

Cue Representation and Situational Awareness in Task Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carl, Diana R.

2009-01-01

Task analysis in human performance technology is used to determine how human performance can be well supported with training, job aids, environmental changes, and other interventions. Early work by Miller (1953) and Gilbert (1969, 1974) addressed cue processing in task execution and recommended cue descriptions in task analysis. Modern task…

Adult Brain and Spine Tumor Research - Facebook Live Event

Cancer.gov

Chief, Dr. Mark Gilbert and Senior Investigator, Dr. Terri Armstrong, of the NCI Center for Cancer Research, Neuro-Oncology Branch, will be joined by moderator and Chief Executive Officer, David Arons of the National Brain Tumor Society led a discussion on adult brain and spine tumor research and treatment.

Adult Brain and Spine Tumor Research and Development

Cancer.gov

Chief, Dr. Mark Gilbert and Senior Investigator, Dr. Terri Armstrong, of the NCI Center for Cancer Research, Neuro-Oncology Branch, will be joined by moderator and Chief Executive Officer, David Arons of the National Brain Tumor Society led a discussion on adult brain and spine tumor research and treatment.

77 FR 49457 - Availability of the Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

... United States Section, Operational Procedures for Implementing Section 102 of NEPA, published in the... Bureau of Land Management Lands are available. A notice of finding of no significant impact dated January...). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gilbert Anaya, Division Chief, Environmental Management Division...

The Interplay of Silent Reading, Reading-While-Listening and Listening-Only

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nakashima, Kohji; Stephens, Meredith; Kamata, Suzanne

2018-01-01

Leading scholars (Gilbert, 2009; Walter, 2008) have highlighted the importance of phonological processing in learning to read. Nevertheless, reading in Japan has traditionally been taught without adequate attention to the role of phonological processing. Accordingly, it was speculated that Japanese university students would demonstrate superior…

Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data collected in 2010 from Cat Island, Mississippi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buster, Noreen A.; Pfeiffer, William R.; Miselis, Jennifer L.; Kindinger, Jack G.; Wiese, Dana S.; Reynolds, B.J.

2012-01-01

Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), conducted geophysical and sedimentological surveys around Cat Island, the westernmost island in the Mississippi-Alabama barrier island chain (fig. 1). The objectives of the study were to understand the geologic evolution of Cat Island relative to other barrier islands in the northern Gulf of Mexico and to identify relationships between the geologic history, present day morphology, and sediment distribution. This report contains data from the bathymetry and side-scan sonar portion of the study collected during two geophysical cruises. Interferometric swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar data were collected aboard the RV G.K. Gilbert September 7-15, 2010. Single-beam bathymetry was collected in shallow water around the island (< 2 meter (m)) from the RV Streeterville from September 28 to October 2, 2010, to cover the data gap between the landward limit of the previous cruise and the shoreline. This report serves as an archive of processed interferometric swath and single-beam bathymetry and side scan sonar data. GIS data products include a 50-m cell size interpolated gridded bathymetry surface, trackline maps, and an acoustic side-scan sonar image. Additional files include error analysis maps, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FDGC) metadata.

FISH Finder: a high-throughput tool for analyzing FISH images

PubMed Central

Shirley, James W.; Ty, Sereyvathana; Takebayashi, Shin-ichiro; Liu, Xiuwen; Gilbert, David M.

2011-01-01

Motivation: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is used to study the organization and the positioning of specific DNA sequences within the cell nucleus. Analyzing the data from FISH images is a tedious process that invokes an element of subjectivity. Automated FISH image analysis offers savings in time as well as gaining the benefit of objective data analysis. While several FISH image analysis software tools have been developed, they often use a threshold-based segmentation algorithm for nucleus segmentation. As fluorescence signal intensities can vary significantly from experiment to experiment, from cell to cell, and within a cell, threshold-based segmentation is inflexible and often insufficient for automatic image analysis, leading to additional manual segmentation and potential subjective bias. To overcome these problems, we developed a graphical software tool called FISH Finder to automatically analyze FISH images that vary significantly. By posing the nucleus segmentation as a classification problem, compound Bayesian classifier is employed so that contextual information is utilized, resulting in reliable classification and boundary extraction. This makes it possible to analyze FISH images efficiently and objectively without adjustment of input parameters. Additionally, FISH Finder was designed to analyze the distances between differentially stained FISH probes. Availability: FISH Finder is a standalone MATLAB application and platform independent software. The program is freely available from: http://code.google.com/p/fishfinder/downloads/list Contact: gilbert@bio.fsu.edu PMID:21310746

Soil persistence and fate of carbamazepine, lincomycin, caffeine, and iburpofen from wastewater

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The reuse of treated wastewater for groundwater recharge is an effective way to provide advanced treatment and water storage in the desert southwest. Contaminants such as human drugs, found in treated effluent, have been identified as a potential problem for use of this water. The town of Gilbert, A...

77 FR 2975 - Roosevelt Water Conservation District; Notice of Termination of Exemption by Implied Surrender...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

.... Project No.: 11572-001. c. Date Initiated: January 9, 2012. d. Exemptee: Roosevelt Water Conservation District. e. Name and Location of Project: The Roosevelt Water Conservation District Conduit Hydropower..., Roosevelt Water Conservation District, 2344 S. Higley Road, Gilbert, AZ 82595-4794, (480) 988-9586. [[Page...

Tarawa Landing: Proving Ground for Pacific Victory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Thomas

1990-01-01

Points out the importance of the Tarawa landing in the Gilbert Islands during World War II, and recommends teaching about the event. Provides detailed analysis of the November 21-24, 1943, amphibious assault by U.S. Marines. Examines the rationale for the location, timing, and type of attack. Identifies key personnel. Includes intelligence map of…

ESH&Q Joule: Greg Gilbert | News

Science.gov Websites

Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health Plan II Policies Manuals Manuals Engineering Manual Environment, Safety and Health Manual (FESHM) Fermi . "Having been at the lab for a while, I've seen safety initiatives come and go," Greg said

Place-Based Education: Two Views from the Past.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Streeter, Jenny; Bowdoin, Helen

This paper describes two institutions, in England and Massachusetts, that aim to connect students and adults to the land through the study of particular places. Gilbert White, an 18th-century curate in Selborne, England, was a keen observer and one of the earliest naturalists. His book, "The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne,"…

Beyond Knowing How to Make It Work: The Conceptual Foundations of Designing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hope, Gill

2009-01-01

Gilbert Ryle (1949) divided knowledge into "know that" and "know how", which is neatly appealing to many design and technology educators, and like many writers on developing the curriculum, Kahney (1993) made a distinction between declarative knowledge: "verbal knowledge, that is, the kind you get from books, instructions…

Landsat science team meeting summary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loveland, Thomas R.; Maiersperger, Tom; Irons, James R.; Woodcock, C.E.

2011-01-01

The Landsat Science Team sponsored by the U.S. Geo- logical Survey (USGS) and NASA met in Mesa, AZ, from March 1-3, 2011. The team met in Mesa so that they could receive briefings and tours of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) spacecraft that is being developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation in nearby Gilbert, AZ.

Proceedings of the National Conference on Professional Priorities. [Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY.

The following papers on research in foreign language are presented: (1) "Research and Design," by Thomas C. Cooper; (2) "Action Research versus Needed Research for the 1980s," by Gilbert A. Jarvis; and (3) "Second Language Acquisition Research: Needs and Priorities," by Stephen D. Krashen. The first paper discusses three research procedures…

78 FR 41424 - Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations; OMB Circular A-133 Compliance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations... Management and Budget. ACTION: Notice of availability of the 2013 OMB Circular A-133 Compliance Supplement... may be mailed to Gilbert Tran, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget...

Out of Reach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watters, Kate

2008-01-01

"For most children and learners, things are getting better." This is an important and encouraging message from Ofsted Chief Inspector Christine Gilbert's Annual Report for 2007/08, and one to hang on to. However, it is not the whole story. From a social justice perspective it is also important to note for whom this is not the case. The Chief…

Learning for Living: Environmental Education in Scotland.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smyth, J. C., Ed.

The development and progress of environmental education in Scotland since the Gilbert report of 1974 are charted and reviewed in this publication. Environmental education is viewed as opening all disciplines and affecting all age groups. Emphasis is placed on the need for a central resource base where an internal conceptual structure could be…

Emerging Trends, Future Directions. Environmental Scan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Community Coll., AZ.

This paper reports on a study funded by Mesa Community College, Chandler-Gilbert Community College, and Rio Salado College in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. The aim of the study was to learn more about some of the external factors that are affecting or will affect these institutions. The report provides information in four major areas: (1) State…

Curricular Fictions and the Discipline Orientation in Art Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Efland, Arthur

1990-01-01

Shows how discipline-based art education developed, and relates it to Thomas S. Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts. Critiques Gilbert Clark, Michael Day, and W. Dwaine Greer's theory of disciplined-based art education and highlights mistaken notions in the inquiry methods of curriculum specialists. Concludes that art educators should focus on how…

Labored Learning: The Outing System at Sherman Institute, 1902-1930

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whalen, Kevin

2012-01-01

In this article, the author talks about labored learning under the auspices of the "outing program" of Sherman Institute, an Indian boarding school in Riverside, California. The outing system functioned as a vital part of a larger federal Indian boarding school system that sought, in the words of historian Matthew Sakiestewa Gilbert, to…

Angle-dependent spin-wave resonance spectroscopy of (Ga,Mn)As films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dreher, L.; Bihler, C.; Peiner, E.; Waag, A.; Schoch, W.; Limmer, W.; Goennenwein, S. T. B.; Brandt, M. S.

2013-06-01

A modeling approach for standing spin-wave resonances based on a finite-difference formulation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is presented. In contrast to a previous study [C. Bihler , Phys. Rev. BPRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.79.045205 79, 045205 (2009)], this formalism accounts for elliptical magnetization precession and magnetic properties arbitrarily varying across the layer thickness, including the magnetic anisotropy parameters, the exchange stiffness, the Gilbert damping, and the saturation magnetization. To demonstrate the usefulness of our modeling approach, we experimentally study a set of (Ga,Mn)As samples grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy by means of angle-dependent standing spin-wave resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements. By applying our modeling approach, the angle dependence of the spin-wave resonance data can be reproduced in a simulation with one set of simulation parameters for all external field orientations. We find that the approximately linear gradient in the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy is related to a linear gradient in the hole concentrations of the samples.

Influence of Si concentration on the magnetization dynamics in as-sputtered FeCoSiN thin films at high frequencies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Feng; Chen, Xin; Ma, Yungui; Phuoc, N. N.; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Ong, C. K.

2008-10-01

In this work, the high-frequency magnetic permeability spectra of as-sputtered FeCoSiN films with various Si concentrations were investigated. The soft magnetic properties with an induced in-plane uniaxial anisotropy can only be obtained within some composition ranges because of the formation of different granular microstructures. The permeability spectra measured without any external fields (He) were well fitted based on the phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Results show that with the increase in Si concentration, the saturated magnetization 4πMs, the resonance frequency fr, the permeability μ, and the qualify factor Q values decrease, while the damping coefficient α and resonant frequency linewidth Δf increase. The increase in Gilbert damping coefficient α or G is ascribed to the increase in mosaicity or magnetic ripples with higher volume proportion of Si-rich matrix. The investigations on Δf-He relations indicate the extrinsic damping contribution from the two-magnon scattering in FeCoSiN, which is suggested to be due to the change in the granular microstructures compared with FeCoN.

Spin dynamics and frequency dependence of magnetic damping study in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC film with a stripe domain structure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Samantaray, B., E-mail: iitg.biswanath@gmail.com; Ranganathan, R.; Mandal, P.

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and low magnetic damping are the key factors for the free layer magnetization switching by spin transfer torque technique in magnetic tunnel junction devices. The magnetization precessional dynamics in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC thin film with a stripe domain structure was explored in broad band frequency range by employing micro-strip ferromagnetic resonance technique. The polar angle variation of resonance field and linewidth at different frequencies have been analyzed numerically using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation by taking into account the total free energy density of the film. The numerically estimated parameters Landé g-factor, PMA constant, and effective magnetization are foundmore » to be 2.1, 2 × 10{sup 5} erg/cm{sup 3} and 7145 Oe, respectively. The frequency dependence of Gilbert damping parameter (α) is evaluated by considering both intrinsic and extrinsic effects into the total linewidth analysis. The value of α is found to be 0.006 at 10 GHz and it increases monotonically with decreasing precessional frequency.« less

The silver lining of a mind in the clouds: interesting musings are associated with positive mood while mind-wandering

PubMed Central

Franklin, Michael S.; Mrazek, Michael D.; Anderson, Craig L.; Smallwood, Jonathan; Kingstone, Alan; Schooler, Jonathan W.

2013-01-01

The negative effects of mind-wandering on performance and mood have been widely documented. In a recent well-cited study, Killingsworth and Gilbert (2010) conducted a large experience sampling study revealing that all off-task episodes, regardless of content, have equal to or lower happiness ratings, than on-task episodes. We present data from a similarly implemented experience sampling study with additional mind-wandering content categories. Our results largely conform to those of the Killingsworth and Gilbert (2010) study, with mind-wandering generally being associated with a more negative mood. However, subsequent analyses reveal situations in which a more positive mood is reported after being off-task. Specifically when off-task episodes are rated for interest, the high interest episodes are associated with an increase in positive mood compared to all on-task episodes. These findings both identify a situation in which mind-wandering may have positive effects on mood, and suggest the possible benefits of encouraging individuals to shift their off-task musings to the topics they find most engaging. PMID:24009599

From neural-based object recognition toward microelectronic eyes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheu, Bing J.; Bang, Sa Hyun

1994-01-01

Engineering neural network systems are best known for their abilities to adapt to the changing characteristics of the surrounding environment by adjusting system parameter values during the learning process. Rapid advances in analog current-mode design techniques have made possible the implementation of major neural network functions in custom VLSI chips. An electrically programmable analog synapse cell with large dynamic range can be realized in a compact silicon area. New designs of the synapse cells, neurons, and analog processor are presented. A synapse cell based on Gilbert multiplier structure can perform the linear multiplication for back-propagation networks. A double differential-pair synapse cell can perform the Gaussian function for radial-basis network. The synapse cells can be biased in the strong inversion region for high-speed operation or biased in the subthreshold region for low-power operation. The voltage gain of the sigmoid-function neurons is externally adjustable which greatly facilitates the search of optimal solutions in certain networks. Various building blocks can be intelligently connected to form useful industrial applications. Efficient data communication is a key system-level design issue for large-scale networks. We also present analog neural processors based on perceptron architecture and Hopfield network for communication applications. Biologically inspired neural networks have played an important role towards the creation of powerful intelligent machines. Accuracy, limitations, and prospects of analog current-mode design of the biologically inspired vision processing chips and cellular neural network chips are key design issues.

Position-specific isotope analysis by on-line pyrolysis coupled to IRMS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilbert, A.; Suda, K.; Yamada, K.; Ueno, Y.; Yoshida, N.

2016-12-01

Position-specific isotopic analyses (PSIA) provide unique information regarding the sources, sinks and processes related to natural molecules. For instance, PSIA of short-chain hydrocarbons could lead to temperature of formation and maturity of natural gas reservoirs [1][2]. In the last decade, quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) specrometry has been used for PSIA of organic molecules such as glucose or n-alkanes [3][4]. However, due to its low sensitivity, application to low amount geochemical samples remains challenging. In 1997, Corso & Brenna proposed to adapt a pyrolysis furnace to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, making it possible the thermal degradation of the target molecule and the subsequent analysis of the d13C values of the fragments formed [5]. Starting from fatty acid methyl esters they demonstrated the absence of rearrangement during pyrolytic degradation and could determine the d13C value of carboxyl C-atom position. We adapted the system for the full characterization of position-specific isotope composition of small molecules (ethanol, acetic acid, alanine, propane). Nanomole amount of sample can be analyzed with a precision on intramolecular d13C values of 1‰ or lower [2]. We recently analyzed abiotic and thermogenic propane samples both from the field and from lab simulations. PSIA of propane shows systematic differences of position-specific isotope composition between thermogenic and abiotic samples. While the former show 13C-depletion on the terminal C-atom position - consistent with thermal cracking kinetic models [6] - abiotic samples show little or no preference for terminal or central 13C-isotopomer. These results emphasize the potential of PSIA to trace the the processes associated with organic molecules production. [1] Piasecki et al. 2016 GCA 188, 58 [2] Gilbert et al. 2016 GCA 177, 205 [3] Gilbert et al. 2012 PNAS, 109, 18204 [4] Gilbert et al. 2013 Org. Geochem, 62, 56 [5] Corso & Brenna 1997 PNAS, 94, 1049 [6] Tang et al., 2000 GCA 64, 2673

Topographic shear and the relation of ocular dominance columns to orientation columns in primate and cat visual cortex.

PubMed

Wood, Richard J.; Schwartz, Eric L.

1999-03-01

Shear has been known to exist for many years in the topographic structure of the primary visual cortex, but has received little attention in the modeling literature. Although the topographic map of V1 is largely conformal (i.e. zero shear), several groups have observed topographic shear in the region of the V1/V2 border. Furthermore, shear has also been revealed by anisotropy of cortical magnification factor within a single ocular dominance column. In the present paper, we make a functional hypothesis: the major axis of the topographic shear tensor provides cortical neurons with a preferred direction of orientation tuning. We demonstrate that isotropic neuronal summation of a sheared topographic map, in the presence of additional random shear, can provide the major features of cortical functional architecture with the ocular dominance column system acting as the principal source of the shear tensor. The major principal axis of the shear tensor determines the direction and its eigenvalues the relative strength of cortical orientation preference. This hypothesis is then shown to be qualitatively consistent with a variety of experimental results on cat and monkey orientation column properties obtained from optical recording and from other anatomical and physiological techniques. In addition, we show that a recent result of Das and Gilbert (Das, A., & Gilbert, C. D., 1997. Distortions of visuotopic map match orientation singularities in primary visual cortex. Nature, 387, 594-598) is consistent with an infinite set of parameterized solutions for the cortical map. We exploit this freedom to choose a particular instance of the Das-Gilbert solution set which is consistent with the full range of local spatial structure in V1. These results suggest that further relationships between ocular dominance columns, orientation columns, and local topography may be revealed by experimental testing.

Density-stratified flow events in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: implications for mercury and salinity cycling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Naftz, David L.; Carling, Gregory T.; Angeroth, Cory; Freeman, Michael; Rowland, Ryan; Pazmiño, Eddy

2014-01-01

Density stratification in saline and hypersaline water bodies from throughout the world can have large impacts on the internal cycling and loading of salinity, nutrients, and trace elements. High temporal resolution hydroacoustic and physical/chemical data were collected at two sites in Great Salt Lake (GSL), a saline lake in the western USA, to understand how density stratification may influence salinity and mercury (Hg) distributions. The first study site was in a causeway breach where saline water from GSL exchanges with less saline water from a flow restricted bay. Near-surface-specific conductance values measured in water at the breach displayed a good relationship with both flow and wind direction. No diurnal variations in the concentration of dissolved (total and MeHg loadings was observed during periods of elevated salinity. The second study site was located on the bottom of GSL where movement of a high-salinity water layer, referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), is restricted to a naturally occurring 1.5-km-wide “spillway” structure. During selected time periods in April/May, 2012, wind-induced flow reversals in a railroad causeway breach, separating Gunnison and Gilbert Bays, were coupled with high-velocity flow pulses (up to 55 cm/s) in the DBL at the spillway site. These flow pulses were likely driven by a pressure response of highly saline water from Gunnison Bay flowing into the north basin of Gilbert Bay. Short-term flow reversal events measured at the railroad causeway breach have the ability to move measurable amounts of salt and Hg from Gunnison Bay into the DBL. Future disturbance to the steady state conditions currently imposed by the railroad causeway infrastructure could result in changes to the existing chemical balance between Gunnison and Gilbert Bays. Monitoring instruments were installed at six additional sites in the DBL during October 2012 to assess impacts from any future modifications to the railroad causeway.

NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission Status and Science Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yueh, Simon H.; Entekhabi, Dara; O'Neill, Peggy; Njoku, Eni; Entin, Jared K.

2016-01-01

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory was launched January 31, 2015, and its L-band radiometer and radar instruments became operational since mid-April 2015. The SMAP radiometer has been operating flawlessly, but the radar transmitter ceased operation on July 7. This paper provides a status summary of the calibration and validation of the SMAP instruments and the quality assessment of its soil moisture and freeze/thaw products. Since the loss of the radar in July, the SMAP project has been conducting two parallel activities to enhance the resolution of soil moisture products. One of them explores the Backus Gilbert optimum interpolation and de-convolution techniques based on the oversampling characteristics of the SMAP radiometer. The other investigates the disaggregation of the SMAP radiometer data using the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic radar data to obtain soil moisture products at about 1 to 3 kilometers resolution. In addition, SMAP's L-band data have found many new applications, including vegetation opacity, ocean surface salinity and hurricane ocean surface wind mapping. Highlights of these new applications will be provided.

Polymer support oligonucleotide synthesis XVIII: use of beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-dialkylamino-/N-morpholino phosphoramidite of deoxynucleosides for the synthesis of DNA fragments simplifying deprotection and isolation of the final product.

PubMed Central

Sinha, N D; Biernat, J; McManus, J; Köster, H

1984-01-01

Various 5'O-N-protected deoxynucleoside-3'-O-beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-dialkylamino-/N- morpholinophosphoramidites were prepared from beta-cyanoethyl monochlorophosphoramidites of N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine and N-morpholine. These active deoxynucleoside phosphates have successfully been used for oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis on controlled pore glass as polymer support and are very suitable for automated DNA-synthesis due to their stability in solution. The intermediate dichloro-beta- cyanoethoxyphosphine can easily be prepared free from any PC1(3) contamination. The active monomers obtained from beta-cyanoethyl monochloro N,N- diisopropylaminophosphoramidites are favoured. Cleavage of the oligonucleotide chain from the polymer support, N-deacylation and deprotection of beta-cyanoethyl group from the phosphate triester moiety can be performed in one step with concentrated aqueous ammonia. Mixed oligodeoxynucleotides are characterized by the sequencing method of Maxam and Gilbert. Images PMID:6547529

Organizational Development for Thornlea; A Communication Package and Some Results

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croft, John C.

1970-01-01

This case study discusses assumptions and objectives of organizational development (OD) in general, some background of a school which recently participated in a very brief taste of OD, some essential features of the package itself and some results, and some implications. Comments follow by Gilbert D. Moore, State University of New York, Buffalo,…

United States Army Officer Personnel Reforms and the Decline of Rank Flexibility, 1890s-1920s

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-04

1,14790,Vandergriff_011305-P1,00.html. 229 The song, performed in the 1879 Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera The Pirates of Penzance, is intended to...like that displayed by Emory Upton. The system has adopted a bureaucratic comic -point is that despite a vast education, his reliance on rote

A Model of Factors Determining Students' Ability to Interpret External Representations in Biochemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schonborn, Konrad J.; Anderson, Trevor R.

2009-01-01

The aim of this research was to develop a model of factors affecting students' ability to interpret external representations (ERs) in biochemistry. The study was qualitative in design and was guided by the modelling framework of Justi and Gilbert. Application of the process outlined by the framework, and consultation with relevant literature, led…

78 FR 52172 - Don W. Gilbert Hydro Power, LLC; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... kilowatts (kW) and would utilize the flow from several unnamed springs that converge into an unnamed channel... to the existing stream channel that flows into the Bear River; (5) a 150-foot-long, 480-volt... Construction Implement industry-standard erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation; Stop...

Byron: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West, Paul, Ed.

One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by G. Wilson Knight, Bernard Blackstone, Mario Praz, Paul West, Guy Steffan, F. R. Leavis, W. W. Robson, Helen Gardner, George M. Ridenour, Edmund Wilson, Gilbert Highet, Bertrand Russell, and John Wain--all dealing with the…

Innovative Biological Treatment Process for the Removal of Ammonia, Arsenic, Iron and Manganese from a Small Drinking Water System in Gilbert, Iowa (Phase 1: Pilot Evaluation)

EPA Science Inventory

Many regions in the United States have excessive levels of ammonia in their drinking water sources (e.g., ground and surface waters) as a result of naturally occurring processes, agricultural and urban runoff, concentrated animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment...

Commentary on "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmitt, Ara

2011-01-01

This commentary pertains to the article, "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations" by D. Scott Hermann, Jill R. Thurber, Kenneth Miles, and Gloria Gilbert in this issue (2011) regarding pediatric leukemia. The authors present a literature review regarding leukemia in…

How Well Do Americans Know Geography? "National Geographic" Editor Discusses Meaning for Schools (Interview).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koerner, Thomas

1987-01-01

Gilbert Grosvenor, editor of "National Geographic," is interviewed about the importance of geography for Americans. He claims our lack of geographic knowledge impedes our ability to act and compete in the world market as a world power and points out that geographic ignorance extends to people employed at high levels of government. (MD)

The Road to 2012: Looking Towards the Next Two Decades

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

Carolina in 1989 and was rated a 4 on the 5-point scale measuring storm intensity? And what about Gilbert, which ravaged Jamaica and Mexico’s Yucatan ...the nutritional 237 The Road to 2012: Looking Tozvai, the Next Two Decades and neuroendo,:rine aspects of aging, and if we develop ways to re- pair

77 FR 64973 - Don W. Gilbert Hydro Power, LLC; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing With the Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... water quality certification; (2) a copy of the request for certification, including proof of the date on which the certifying agency received the request; or (3) evidence of waiver of water quality...-foot-diameter, 700-foot-long partially buried steel or plastic penstock; (3) a powerhouse containing...

A Personal Touch: Embedding Library Faculty into Online English 102

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kadavy, Casey; Chuppa-Cornell, Kim

2011-01-01

At the beginning of each school year, the Languages and Humanities Division at Chandler-Gilbert Community College (CGCC) meets to discuss first-year composition matters. Faculty leave the workshop renewed by the collaboration and buoyed by the promise and potential of a new semester. Yet, when classes actually begin, faculty may find that they are…

A simple derivation of the formula to calculated synthetic long-period seismograms in a heterogeneous Earth by normal mode summation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanimoto, T.

1983-01-01

A simple modification of Gilbert's formula to account for slight lateral heterogeneity of the Earth leads to a convenient formula to calculate synthetic long period seismograms. Partial derivatives are easily calculated, thus the formula is suitable for direct inversion of seismograms for lateral heterogeneity of the Earth.

Tanks Within The Marine Air Ground Task Force: A N/A Versatile Combat Multiplier Throughout the Full Spectrum of Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-26

Estes, Marines Under Armor : The Marine Corps and the Armored Fighting Vehicle, 1916- 2000. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis MD, 2000. Prior to WWIT...Marines Under Armor : The Marine Corps and the Armored Fighting Vehicle, 1916-2000. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MA: 2000 Gilbert, Oscar E

"Ahead of All Beaten Tracks": Ryle, Heidegger and the Ways of Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Emma

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article is to examine two philosophical accounts of thinking--yet examine them anew by considering what I take to be their under-examined relationship. These are the accounts of Gilbert Ryle and Martin Heidegger. It is often supposed that these two philosophers belong to differing, even conflicting, philosophical traditions.…

Command and Control: US Army Staffs and the Operations Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Architecture , 2nd ed. (New York: Elsevier, 2006). 2...Mainly technical experts in logistics and engineering, these proto-staff officers enabled both the Egyptian and Assyrian empires to conquer many of...Platform for Designing Business Architecture . New York: Elsevier, 2006, 2d edition. Gilbert, Felix. “Machiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War.” In

Key Informant Models for Measuring Group-Level Variables in Small Groups: Application to Plural Subject Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Algesheimer, René; Bagozzi, Richard P.; Dholakia, Utpal M.

2018-01-01

We offer a new conceptualization and measurement models for constructs at the group-level of analysis in small group research. The conceptualization starts with classical notions of group behavior proposed by Tönnies, Simmel, and Weber and then draws upon plural subject theory by philosophers Gilbert and Tuomela to frame a new perspective…

Benefits of Guiding Supplemental Instruction Sessions for SI Leaders: A Case Study for Engineering Education at a Swedish University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malm, Joakim; Bryngfors, Leif; Mörner, Lise-Lotte

2012-01-01

Supplemental Instruction (SI) is an academic support program that aims at increasing student success in "difficult" courses (Hurley, Jacobs, & Gilbert, 2006). SI was developed at the University of Missouri in Kansas City in the early seventies and has since spread to over 1500 universities and university colleges in nearly 30…

Design Papers for the National Assessment of Vocational Education. Proceedings of the National Conference on the Condition of Vocational Education (Washington, DC, September 11-12, 1986).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Policy Studies Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.

This volume contains the following 19 papers delivered at a national conference on the design of assessment of vocational education: "The National Assessment of Vocational Education: An Introduction" (Gilbert T. Sewall); "Vocational Education--Opportunity and Challenge: Perspectives on the National Assessment of Vocational…

Commentary on "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Lori A.

2011-01-01

This is a commentary on the article, "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations" by D. Scott Hermann, Jill R. Thurber, Kenneth Miles, and Gloria Gilbert in this issue (2011). This article addresses issues related to the compatibility of the suggested practices with contemporary…

Understanding Art Testing: Past Influences, Norman C. Meier's Contributions, Present Concerns, and Future Possibilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Gilbert; And Others

This collection of 10 papers focuses on art testing and Norman C. Meier's role in this area of study. The titles written by Gilbert Clark are: (1) "Early Inquiry, Research, and Testing of Children's Art Abilities"; (2) "Norman C. Meier: A Critique of His Tests and Research"; and (3) "Recent Inquiry and Testing of…

A Category Mistake: Why Contemporary Australian Religious Education in Catholic Schools May Be Doomed to Failure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hyde, Brendan

2013-01-01

Assuming religious education to be the same as other subject areas of a Catholic school's curriculum by, for example, applying the outcomes based philosophy and language of other subject areas to religious education renders a category mistake. A prominent notion in the work of metaphysical philosopher Gilbert Ryle, a category mistake arises when…

Evaluating the Performance Improvement Preferences of Disability Service Managers: An Exploratory Study Using Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wooderson, John R.; Cuskelly, Monica; Meyer, Kim A.

2017-01-01

Background: Front-line managers play an important role in managing the performance of staff working in services for people with intellectual disability, but little is known about the practices they prefer to use to improve staff performance and whether these align with what research has shown to be effective. Method: This study comprised two…

Even If They're Tearing up the Street Where You Were Born, Don't Throw Out the Baby with the Wash.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, James W.

This article comments on Gilbert A. Jarvis'"Teacher Education Goals: They're Tearing Up the Street Where I Was Born" in the December 1972 issue of "Foreign Language Annals." Remarks concerning teacher education, methods courses, teaching strategies, the audiolingual method of language instruction, and the Modern Language Association "Guidelines"…

75 FR 12233 - New York State Prohibition of Discharges of Vessel Sewage; Receipt of Petition and Tentative...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... Hours of Operation: 7 a.m.-9 p.m. Facility Fee: $5.00 Vessel Size: 50' Disposal/Treatment: Holding Tank...' Disposal/Treatment: Holding Tank Name: Chazy Yacht Club Inc Phone Number: 518-298-2866 Lat/Long: 44.934336... p.m. Facility Fee: $ 5.00 Vessel Size: 50' Disposal/Treatment: Holding Tank Name: Gilbert Brook...

Report of the Ad Hoc Subgroup on the Impact of Competition in Contracting on Research and Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

Comments on Terms of Reference and Panel Questions 11. Paper dated 20 Jun 88 submitted by Mr. John R. Moore, Subject: Considerations and Issues...Defense ’’,-..* . ? .’, & Logestics ) 6 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 0 FICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY WASHINGTON, DC 20310-0103 3 SEP 1987 Mr. Gilbert F. Decker

Preparing Sports Coaches for the 21st Century: A Qualitative Case Study of A Graduate Sports Coaching Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kjaer, Jorgen Bagger

2017-01-01

Sports coaching education and research in higher education have received increased attention lately, especially in English-speaking countries such as the U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the UK (Potrac, Gilbert, & Denison, 2013). Although research on sports coaching education is on the rise, very few studies have explored formal…

From Nansemond to Monacan: The Legacy of the Pochick-Nansemond among the Bear Mountain Monacan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vest, Jay Hansford C.

2003-01-01

In 1948, Library of Congress scholar William Gilbert wrote: "Indian blood still remains noticeable in our eastern States population in spite of the depletions arising from over 300 years of wars, invasions by disease and white men from Europe and black men from Africa." Noting that Virginia's surviving Indian groups tended to retain…

Virtual Teleoperation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-24

Gilbert, S., “Wayfinder: Evaluating Multitouch Interaction in Supervisory Control of Unmanned Vehicles,” Proceedings of ASME 2nd World Conference on... interactive virtual reality environment that fuses available information into a coherent picture that can be viewed from multiple perspectives and scales...for multimodal interaction • Generally abstracted controller hardware and graphical interfaces facilitating deployment on a variety of VR platform

Inquiry Based Learning and Meaning Generation through Modelling on Geometrical Optics in a Constructionist Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kotsari, Constantina; Smyrnaiou, Zacharoula

2017-01-01

The central roles that modelling plays in the processes of scientific enquiry and that models play as the outcomes of that enquiry are well established (Gilbert & Boulter, 1998). Besides, there are considerable similarities between the processes and outcomes of science and technology (Cinar, 2016). In this study, we discuss how the use of…

From Chemical Analysis to Analyzing Chemical Education: An Interview with Joseph J. Lagowski

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cardellini, Liberato

2010-01-01

This interview provides glimpses of Joseph J. Lagowski and his life from the time he played with a Gilbert chemistry set, to his tenure at The University of Texas at Austin. His initial interest in chemistry was further nurtured and developed thanks to an excellent high school teacher. In the interview, Lagowski discusses his research in…

Multifractal resilience and viability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tchiguirinskaia, I.; Schertzer, D. J. M.

2017-12-01

The term resilience has become extremely fashionable and there had been many attempts to provide operational definition and in fact metrics going beyond a set of more or less ad-hoc indicators. The viability theory (Aubin and Saint-Pierre, 2011) have been used to give a rather precise mathematical definition of resilience (Deffuant and Gilbert, 2011). However, it does not grasp the multiscale nature of resilience that is rather fundamental as particularly stressed by Folke et al (2010). In this communication, we first recall a preliminary attempt (Tchiguirinskaia et al., 2014) to define multifractal resilience with the help of the maximal probable singularity. Then we extend this multifractal approach to the capture basin of the viability, therefore the resilient basin. Aubin, J P, A. Bayen, and P Saint-Pierre (2011). Viability Theory. New Directions. Springer, Berlin,. Deffuant, G. and Gilbert, N. (eds) (2011) Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems. Springer Berlin.Folke, C., S R Carpenter, B Walker, M Sheffer, T Chapin, and J Rockstroem (2010). Resilience thinking: integrating re- silience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and So- ciety, 14(4):20, Tchiguirinskaia,I., D. Schertzer, , A. Giangola-Murzyn and T. C. Hoang (2014). Multiscale resilience metrics to assess flood. Proceedings of ICCSA 2014, Normandie University, Le Havre, France -.

The effect of growth sequence on magnetization damping in Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bo; Huang, Dawei; Gao, Ming; Tu, Hongqing; Wang, Kejie; Ruan, Xuezhong; Du, Jun; Cai, Jian-Wang; He, Liang; Wu, Jing; Wang, Xinran; Xu, Yongbing

2018-03-01

Magnetization damping is a key parameter to control the critical current and the switching speed in magnetic random access memory, and here we report the effect of the growth sequence on the magnetic dynamics properties of perpendicularly magnetized Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures. Ultrathin CoFeB films have been grown between Ta and MgO but with different stack sequences, i.e. substrate/Ta/CoFeB/MgO/Ta and substrate/Ta/MgO/CoFeB/Ta. The magnetization dynamics induced by femtosecond laser was investigated by using all-optical pump-probe measurements. We found that the Gilbert damping constant was modulated by reversing stack structures, which offers the potential to tune the damping parameter by the growth sequence. The Gilbert damping constant was enhanced from 0.017 for substrate/Ta/CoFeB/MgO/Ta to 0.027 for substrate/Ta/MgO/CoFeB/Ta. We believe that this enhancement originates from the increase of intermixing at the CoFeB/Ta when the Ta atom layer was grown after the CoFeB layer.

Shark tooth weapons from the 19th Century reflect shifting baselines in Central Pacific predator assemblies.

PubMed

Drew, Joshua; Philipp, Christopher; Westneat, Mark W

2013-01-01

The reefs surrounding the Gilbert Islands (Republic of Kiribati, Central Pacific), like many throughout the world, have undergone a period of rapid and intensive environmental perturbation over the past 100 years. A byproduct of this perturbation has been a reduction of the number of shark species present in their waters, even though sharks play an important in the economy and culture of the Gilbertese. Here we examine how shark communities changed over time periods that predate the written record in order to understand the magnitude of ecosystem changes in the Central Pacific. Using a novel data source, the shark tooth weapons of the Gilbertese Islanders housed in natural history museums, we show that two species of shark, the Spot-tail (Carcharhinus sorrah) and the Dusky (C. obscurus), were present in the islands during the last half of the 19(th) century but not reported in any historical literature or contemporary ichthyological surveys of the region. Given the importance of these species to the ecology of the Gilbert Island reefs and to the culture of the Gilbertese people, documenting these shifts in baseline fauna represents an important step toward restoring the vivid splendor of both ecological and cultural diversity.

progressive problemshifts between different research programs in science education: A lakatosian perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niaz, Mansoor

Given the importance of epistemology and philosophy of science, the Lakatos (1970) methodology is particularly suited to evaluate competing research programs in science education. This article has two objectives: (a) to evaluate critically the interpretations of Gilbert and Swift (1985) and Rowell and Dawson (1989), and (b) to postulate a progressive problemshift between Piaget's epistemic subject and Pascual-Leone's metasubject. Regarding the Gilbert and Swift interpretation, it is concluded that the alternative conceptions movement at its present stage of development cannot explain the previous success of its rival (Piagetian school) nor supersede it by a further display of heuristic power as required by Lakatos. If we accept the Rowell and Dawson thesis it would amount to the postulation of Piagetian and integrated (Piagetian and schema) theories as rival research programs. It appears that the Rowell and Dawson approach would enrich Piagetian theory with descriptive content rather than explanatory constructs, and thus would not lead to a progressive problemshift. It is concluded that Pascual-Leone's theory extends Piaget's negative heuristic by introducing antecedent variables, and at the same time enriches the positive heuristic by introducing metasubjective task analysis, which leads to a progressive problemshift.

The Younger Dryas phase of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Oviatt, Charles G.; Miller, D.M.; McGeehin, J.P.; Zachary, C.; Mahan, S.

2005-01-01

Field investigations at the Public Shooting Grounds (a wildlife-management area on the northeastern shore of Great Salt Lake) and radiocarbon dating show that the Great Salt Lake rose to the Gilbert shoreline sometime between 12.9 and 11.2 cal ka. We interpret a ripple-laminated sand unit exposed at the Public Shooting Grounds, and dated to this time interval, as the nearshore sediments of Great Salt Lake deposited during the formation of the Gilbert shoreline. The ripple-laminated sand is overlain by channel-fill deposits that overlap in age (11.9-11.2 cal ka) with the sand, and by wetland deposits (11.1 to 10.5 cal ka). Consistent accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages were obtained from samples of plant fragments, including those of emergent aquatic plants, but mollusk shells from spring and marsh deposits yielded anomalously old ages, probably because of a variable radiocarbon reservoir effect. The Bonneville basin was effectively wet during at least part of the Younger Dryas global-cooling interval, however, conflicting results from some Great Basin locations and proxy records indicate that the regional effects of Younger Dryas cooling are still not well understood. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Use of "Contexts" as a Challenge for the Chemistry Curriculum: Its Successes and the Need for Further Development and Understanding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilot, Albert; Bulte, Astrid M. W.

2006-01-01

In this paper we reflect on the experiences and results of the development and implementation of context-based chemistry education. This development is discussed with respect to five challenges defined for chemistry curricula (Gilbert, 2006). Five context-based approaches were selected that will provide the data for this study (Bennett & Lubben,…

Developmental Systems Theory and the Person-Oriented Approach. Commentary on: "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergman, Lars R.

2015-01-01

Molenaar's (2015) article concerns Developmental Systems Theory (DST) in relation to behavior genetics and he presents implications of DST for empirical research, especially the need for subject-specific studies. In this commentary, the article is discussed from a broader developmental science perspective, particularly regarded through the lens of…

When the Stars Align: On the Contributions of Gilbert Gottlieb and Peter C. M. Molenaar to Developmental Science Theory and Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lerner, Richard M.; Batanova, Milena; Ettekal, Andrea Vest; Hunter, Cristina

2015-01-01

When truly spectacular events occur in the performing arts or in team sports, when the sets of artists or athletes respectively creating these events are discussed, a common phrase used in America to explain the "good fortune" that was involved in such unique occurrences is that "the stars aligned." In this commentary on:…

Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments-Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

other official documentation. Human subjects who participated in studies described in those chapters gave their free and informed voluntary consent...Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland JOEL A. GRINKER, Program in Human Nutrition, School of Public Health...of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins GILBERT LEVEILLE, Nabisco Brands Incorporated, East Hanover, New Jersey

Criteria for electrically heated temperature probes in flames.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, I. M.; Schryer, D. R.

1971-01-01

Measurement techniques proposed by Gilbert and Lobdell (1953) and Rein and O'Laughlin (1967) are considered, giving attention to an apparent paradox. The criteria under which the assumptions made for the measurement techniques apply are specified. If sensors of different diameters are tested and the resultant plots of the parameter ?S' vs the wire temperature intersect below the abscissa, the considered measurement techniques are not applicable.

International Federation of Library Associations Annual Conference Papers. General Research Libraries Division: Parliamentary Libraries and National Libraries Sections (47th, Leipzig, East Germany, August 17-22, 1981).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gude, Gilbert; And Others

This set of papers presented to the General Research Libraries Division of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) during its 47th annual conference (1981) includes: "The Effect of the Introduction of Computers on Library and Research Staff," by Gilbert Gude; "Libraries as Information Service Agencies…

A simple derivation of the formula to calculate synthetic long-period seismograms in a heterogeneous earth by normal mode summation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanimoto, T.

1984-01-01

A simple modification of Gilbert's formula to account for slight lateral heterogeneity of the earth leads to a convenient formula to calculate synthetic long period seismograms. Partial derivatives are easily calculated, thus the formula is suitable for direct inversion of seismograms for lateral heterogeneity of the earth. Previously announced in STAR as N83-29893

Analysis of Photonic Networks for a Chip Multiprocessor Using Scientific Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-01

Analysis of Photonic Networks for a Chip Multiprocessor Using Scientific Applications Gilbert Hendry†, Shoaib Kamil‡?, Aleksandr Biberman†, Johnnie...electronic networks -on-chip warrants investigating real application traces on functionally compa- rable photonic and electronic network designs. We... network can achieve 75× improvement in energy ef- ficiency for synthetic benchmarks and up to 37× improve- ment for real scientific applications

Examining Key Factors that Contribute to African Americans' Pursuit of Computing Science Degrees: Implications for Cultivating Career Choice and Aspiration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charleston, LaVar Jovan

2010-01-01

As a result of decreasing degree attainment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, the United States is undergoing a shortage in the STEM workforce that it has not encountered since the mid-1950s (ACT, 2006; Gilbert & Jackson, 2007). Moreover, as computer usage cuts across diverse aspects of modern culture, the…

Ultrafast generation of skyrmionic defects with vortex beams: Printing laser profiles on magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujita, Hiroyuki; Sato, Masahiro

2017-02-01

Controlling electric and magnetic properties of matter by laser beams is actively explored in the broad region of condensed matter physics, including spintronics and magneto-optics. Here we theoretically propose an application of optical and electron vortex beams carrying intrinsic orbital angular momentum to chiral ferro- and antiferromagnets. We analyze the time evolution of spins in chiral magnets under irradiation of vortex beams by using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. We show that beam-driven nonuniform temperature leads to a class of ring-shaped magnetic defects, what we call skyrmion multiplex, as well as conventional skyrmions. We discuss the proper beam parameters and the optimal way of applying the beams for the creation of these topological defects. Our findings provide an ultrafast scheme of generating topological magnetic defects in a way applicable to both metallic and insulating chiral (anti-) ferromagnets.

Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and HPRT, Glycophorin A, and Micronuclei Mutant Frequencies in Human Blood

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grant, D; Hall, I J; Eastmond, D

2004-10-06

A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism (5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-TA units) has been identified within the promoter region of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene (UGT1A1). The 7-TA repeat allele has been associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels that cause a mild hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). Studies suggest that promoter transcriptional activity of UGT1A1 is inversely related to the number of TA repeats and that unconjugated bilirubin concentration increases directly with the number of TA repeat elements. Because bilirubin is a known antioxidant, we hypothesized that UGT1A1 repeats associated with higher bilirubin may be protective against oxidative damage. We examined the effect of UGT1A1 genotypemore » on somatic mutant frequency in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) gene in human lymphocytes and the glycophorin A (GPA) gene of red blood cells (both N0, NN mutants), and the frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei (both kinetochore (K) positive or micronuclei K negative) in 101 healthy smoking and nonsmoking individuals. As hypothesized, genotypes containing 7-TA and 8-TA displayed marginally lower GPA{_}NN mutant frequency relative to 5/5, 5/6, 6/6 genotypes (p<0.05). In contrast, our analysis showed that lower expressing UGT1A1 alleles (7-TA and 8-TA) were associated with modestly increased HPRT mutation frequency (p<0.05) while the same low expression genotypes were not significantly associated with micronuclei frequencies (K-positive or K-negative) when compared to high expression genotypes (5-TA and 6-TA). We found weak evidence that UGT1A1 genotypes containing 7-TA and 8-TA were associated with increased GPA{_}N0 mutant frequency relative to 5/5, 5/6, 6/6 genotypes (p<0.05). These data suggest that UGT1A1 genotype may modulate somatic mutation of some types, in some cell lineages, by a mechanism not involving bilirubin antioxidant activity. More detailed studies examining UGT1A1 promoter variation, oxidant/antioxidant balance and genetic damage will be needed.« less

Comparing the effect of nitrate and urea enrichment on oligotrophic phytoplankton assemblages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harrison, D. P.

2014-12-01

It has been speculated in the literature that "… urea enrichment would preferentially lead to the enhanced production of cyanobacteria, picoeukaryotes, and dinoflagellates, rather than diatoms." (Gilbert et al. 2010). Urea is the most manufactured chemical in the world (160 M tonnes p.a.) and the majority will eventually find its way into the marine environment, potentially contributing an annual nitrogen loading equivalent to 5% of New Primary Production (N), important global ramifications are to be expected if the hypothesis above is correct. The hypothesis was tested by enriching oligotrophic water samples collected from the Port Hacking National Reference Station, Australia with urea and nitrate in repeated experiments over an annual cycle during 2013. Biomass increased in all experiments, and had a higher incidence of diatoms to dinoflagellates in all experiments, with no significant difference between treatments for diatom cell count. In two instances dinoflagellate cell counts were significantly higher in nitrate treatments than in urea treatments, with no significant difference for the remaining experiments. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that urea preferentially leads to the production of dinoflagellates rather than diatoms when compared with nitrate enrichment. In this presentation I will examine and compare the effects of nitrate and urea enrichment on natural oligotrophic assembledges of phytoplankton, under laboratory conditions.

The teaching practices inventory: a new tool for characterizing college and university teaching in mathematics and science.

PubMed

Wieman, Carl; Gilbert, Sarah

2014-01-01

We have created an inventory to characterize the teaching practices used in science and mathematics courses. This inventory can aid instructors and departments in reflecting on their teaching. It has been tested with several hundred university instructors and courses from mathematics and four science disciplines. Most instructors complete the inventory in 10 min or less, and the results allow meaningful comparisons of the teaching used for the different courses and instructors within a department and across different departments. We also show how the inventory results can be used to gauge the extent of use of research-based teaching practices, and we illustrate this with the inventory results for five departments. These results show the high degree of discrimination provided by the inventory, as well as its effectiveness in tracking the increase in the use of research-based teaching practices. © 2014 C. Wieman and S. Gilbert. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2014 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

Evidence that logical reasoning depends on conscious processing.

PubMed

DeWall, C Nathan; Baumeister, Roy F; Masicampo, E J

2008-09-01

Humans, unlike other animals, are equipped with a powerful brain that permits conscious awareness and reflection. A growing trend in psychological science has questioned the benefits of consciousness, however. Testing a hypothesis advanced by [Lieberman, M. D., Gaunt, R., Gilbert, D. T., & Trope, Y. (2002). Reflection and reflexion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional inference. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 199-249], four studies suggested that the conscious, reflective processing system is vital for logical reasoning. Substantial decrements in logical reasoning were found when a cognitive load manipulation preoccupied conscious processing, while hampering the nonconscious system with consciously suppressed thoughts failed to impair reasoning (Experiment 1). Nonconscious activation (priming) of the idea of logical reasoning increased the activation of logic-relevant concepts, but failed to improve logical reasoning performance (Experiments 2a-2c) unless the logical conclusions were largely intuitive and thus not reliant on logical reasoning (Experiment 3). Meanwhile, stimulating the conscious goal of reasoning well led to improvements in reasoning performance (Experiment 4). These findings offer evidence that logical reasoning is aided by the conscious, reflective processing system.

Outcome Following Spinal Accessory to Suprascapular (Spinoscapular) Nerve Transfer in Infants with Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries

PubMed Central

Ruchelsman, David E.; Ramos, Lorna E.; Alfonso, Israel; Price, Andrew E.; Grossman, Agatha

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of distal spinal accessory nerve (SAN) transfer to the suprascapular nerve (SSN) in children with brachial plexus birth injuries in order to better define the application and outcome of this transfer in these infants. Over a 3-year period, 34 infants with brachial plexus injuries underwent transfer of the SAN to the SSN as part of the primary surgical reconstruction. Twenty-five patients (direct repair, n = 20; interposition graft, n = 5) achieved a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Fourteen children underwent plexus reconstruction with SAN-to-SSN transfer at less than 9 months of age, and 11 underwent surgical reconstruction at the age of 9 months or older. Mean age at the time of nerve transfer was 11.6 months (range, 5–30 months). At latest follow-up, active shoulder external rotation was measured in the arm abducted position and confirmed by review of videos. The Gilbert and Miami shoulder classification scores were utilized to report shoulder-specific functional outcomes. The effects of patient age at the time of nerve transfer and the use of interpositional nerve graft were analyzed. Overall mean active external rotation measured 69.6°; mean Gilbert score was 4.1 and the mean Miami score was 7.1, corresponding to overall good shoulder functional outcomes. Similar clinical and shoulder-specific functional outcomes were obtained in patients undergoing early (<9 months of age, n = 14) and late (>9 months of age, n = 11) SAN-to-SSN transfer and primary plexus reconstruction. Nine patients (27%) were lost to follow-up and are not included in the analysis. Optimum results were achieved following direct transfer (n = 20). Results following the use of an interpositional graft (n = 5) were rated satisfactory. No patient required a secondary shoulder procedure during the study period. There were no postoperative complications. Distal SAN-to-SSN (spinoscapular) nerve transfer is a reliable option for shoulder reinnervation in infants with brachial plexus birth injuries. Direct transfer seems to be the optimum method. The age of the patient does not seem to significantly impact on outcome. PMID:19882190

Coming Home: Developing a Sense of Place in Our Communities and Schools. Proceedings of the 1997 Forum (Jamestown, New York, May 16-17, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, Mark K., Ed.

Begun in 1992, the Selborne Project helps teachers, primarily in middle schools, to use the square kilometer around their school as a theme to integrate nature study into the curriculum. The inspiration for the project stemmed from the 18th-century book, "The Natural History of Selborne," in which Gilbert White detailed nature's presence…

Who Are We Talking About? A Discussion of Peter Molenaar's Interpretation of Gottlieb's Legacy. Commentary on: "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

von Eye, Alexander

2015-01-01

The concepts and paradigms "development", "evolution", and "developmental behavior genetics" target, in their statements, populations. The laws of genetics and evolution are supposed to apply to every single case in a population. It can be counted among the major contributions of Gottlieb (1992, 1995) to have pointed…

Improving Seismic Velocity Models with Constraints from Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise and Signal

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-24

Hot Springs, Utah geothermal area, Geophysics, 44, pp. 1570-1583. Frassetto, A. M., George Zandt, Hersh Gilbert, Thomas J. Owens, and Craig H. Jones...Biasi, and J. G. Anderson (2013), EGS Exploration Methodology Development Using the Dixie Valley Geothermal District as a Calibration Site, The Seismic...Analysis Component, Proceedings, 38th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 11-13. Von

Response to Comment on "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science".

PubMed

Anderson, Christopher J; Bahník, Štěpán; Barnett-Cowan, Michael; Bosco, Frank A; Chandler, Jesse; Chartier, Christopher R; Cheung, Felix; Christopherson, Cody D; Cordes, Andreas; Cremata, Edward J; Della Penna, Nicolas; Estel, Vivien; Fedor, Anna; Fitneva, Stanka A; Frank, Michael C; Grange, James A; Hartshorne, Joshua K; Hasselman, Fred; Henninger, Felix; van der Hulst, Marije; Jonas, Kai J; Lai, Calvin K; Levitan, Carmel A; Miller, Jeremy K; Moore, Katherine S; Meixner, Johannes M; Munafò, Marcus R; Neijenhuijs, Koen I; Nilsonne, Gustav; Nosek, Brian A; Plessow, Franziska; Prenoveau, Jason M; Ricker, Ashley A; Schmidt, Kathleen; Spies, Jeffrey R; Stieger, Stefan; Strohminger, Nina; Sullivan, Gavin B; van Aert, Robbie C M; van Assen, Marcel A L M; Vanpaemel, Wolf; Vianello, Michelangelo; Voracek, Martin; Zuni, Kellylynn

2016-03-04

Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Mathematical Model of Estuarial Sediment Transport.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

This experience showed the central importance of the vertical diffusion coefficient and of the settling velocities of suspended aggregates. 150...34Report of Radioactive Tracer Studies, Sumatra ," Report prepared for Government Offices of Sumatra , 1975. 28. Strang, Gilbert and Fix, G. J., An...of the overall system as it is located at a turning basin . * Krone, R. B., "A Field Study of Flocculation as a Factor in Estuarial Shoaling

Evaluation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Panels for Use in Military Construction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

AD-A158 134 UNCLASSIFIED EVALUATION OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE PANELS FOR USE IN MILITARY. . (U) CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB...Construction Engineering Research Laboratory i=h-C=iU. TECHNICAL REPORT M-85/15 June 1985 AD-A158 134 0~- 8 Evaluation of Glass Fiber ...Reinforced Concrete Panels for Use in Military Construction by Gilbert R. Williamson Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) materials are investigated

Transportability Across Studies: A Formal Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

considerations, and several attempts have been made since to reformulate surrogacy in causal vocabulary (Frangakis and Rubin, 2002; Gilbert and Hudgens, 2008...relation between Z and Y or X and Z? Moreover, why should strong correlation not be sufficient for surrogacy and, assuming that correlation alone...is pre- sented by modern writers. “There has been little agreement on an appropriate mathematical framework or definition for surrogacy and the degree

The Relationship Between Acoustic Target Strength and Body Length for Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

sturgeon feeding portray them as opportunistic benthivores, feeding primar- ily on mollusks, polychaete worms, amphipods, isopods, shrimp and small bottom...dwelling fishes and insect larvae (Gilbert 1989; Smith 1985). The Atlantic sturgeon is anadromous, entering freshwater rivers to spawn at water...bottom (small rubble, gravel, hard clay, and limestone) is required for successful egg attachment and incubation, while also protecting larvae from

Spin-Orbit Torque and Spin Pumping in YIG/Pt with Interfacial Insertion Layers (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-05-03

Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. © 2018 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS (STINFO COPY) AIR FORCE RESEARCH ...SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY ACRONYM(S) Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH... observe a large enhancement of Gilbert damping with the insertion of Py that cannot be accounted for solely by spin pumping, revealing significant spin

Whole Exome Analysis of Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

FTD), FTD with Parkinsonism , and early-onset Alzheimer Disease (EOAD)-like presentations. Using whole exome capture with subsequent sequencing, we...dementia. The MAPT R406W mutation is associated with EOAD-like symptoms and Parkinsonism without FTD, as well as distinct cognitive courses. KEY...OUTCOMES: Carney RM, Kohli MA, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Gilbert JR, Züchner S, PERICAK-VANCE MA, Parkinsonism and distinct dementia patterns in a

Damping effect on resonance bounds relationship of nanostructured ferromagnets and composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Peiheng; Liu, Tao; Xie, Jianliang; Deng, Longjiang

2012-06-01

In this paper, we introduce Gilbert damping parameter into the expression of resonance bounds relationship in nanomagnets to accomplish the depiction of damping effect, associated with an experimental study of ferromagnetic nanocrystalline flakes and their composites. Based on the intrinsic permeability retrieving and microwave spectrum fitting, a robust approach to the damping problem in the resonance study of high-frequency ferromagnets and composites is discussed.

Mechanics of Bimodular Composite Structures.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-01

and P. de Meester (1978). The mechanical behaviour of porous austenitic stainless steel fibre structure. J. Matls. Sci., 13, 2650-2658. Gilbert, G.N.J...Investigator Material EClEt Kotlarskii & Karbasova (1968) Fabric/rubber 0.38 Ducheyne et al. (1978) Sintered, porous 0.1 stainless steel Zolotukhina & Lepetov...with aramid cord than when reinforced with polyester cord, This is probably related to the very low compressive strength of the aramid fibers

New clinical trial to study long-term progression of brain and spine cancers | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Dr. Mark Gilbert, Chief, Neuro-Oncology Branch, describes an ambitious new clinical trial that, for the first time, will study the long-term progression of brain and spine cancers. The 10,000 patient trial is the largest of its kind and will follow patients throughout the course of their disease. In addition to identifying optimal treatments for common brain and spine cancers,

Equal Opportunity Leadership Training for Company-Level Chain of Command

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Relations/ Equal Opportunity Training in USAREUR, ARI Technical Report TR-78-B10, Alexandria, Va.: US. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social ...Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1978. Marcia A. Gilbert and Peter G. Nordlie, An Analysis of Race Relations/ Equal Opportunity Training in USAREUR, ARI...Technical Report 534 - EQUAL OPPORTUNITY LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR COMPANY-LEVEL CHAIN OF COMMAND Dale K. Brown, Silas J. White, Exequiel R. Sevilla

Coffee versus Caffeine: Effects on Subjective and Behavioral Measures of Alertness

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-12

Mountain Dew and Sunkist Orange, simply add caffeine that is sold as a by-product of the decaffeination process by coffee companies (Gilbert, 1984...roasting process ) regardless of caffeine content, and both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee stimulate a much stronger gastric acid response than...with beverage ( decaffeinated coffee versus non- caf feinated herbal tea), thus exposing subjects to caffeine with and without coffee, and coffee with

77 FR 37031 - Don W. Gilbert Hydro Power, LLC; Notice of Application Tendered for Filing With the Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-20

... Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's Web site http:[sol][sol... following new features: (1) A 8-foot-long, 3-foot-wide, 3-foot-deep drop inlet structure; (2) a 2-foot... available for review at the Commission in the Public Reference Room or may be viewed on the Commission's Web...

Shark Tooth Weapons from the 19th Century Reflect Shifting Baselines in Central Pacific Predator Assemblies

PubMed Central

Drew, Joshua; Philipp, Christopher; Westneat, Mark W.

2013-01-01

The reefs surrounding the Gilbert Islands (Republic of Kiribati, Central Pacific), like many throughout the world, have undergone a period of rapid and intensive environmental perturbation over the past 100 years. A byproduct of this perturbation has been a reduction of the number of shark species present in their waters, even though sharks play an important in the economy and culture of the Gilbertese. Here we examine how shark communities changed over time periods that predate the written record in order to understand the magnitude of ecosystem changes in the Central Pacific. Using a novel data source, the shark tooth weapons of the Gilbertese Islanders housed in natural history museums, we show that two species of shark, the Spot-tail (Carcharhinus sorrah) and the Dusky (C. obscurus), were present in the islands during the last half of the 19th century but not reported in any historical literature or contemporary ichthyological surveys of the region. Given the importance of these species to the ecology of the Gilbert Island reefs and to the culture of the Gilbertese people, documenting these shifts in baseline fauna represents an important step toward restoring the vivid splendor of both ecological and cultural diversity. PMID:23573214

Cosmic Magnetic Fields - An Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wielebinski, Richard; Beck, Rainer

Magnetic fields have been known in antiquity. Aristotle attributes the first of what could be called a scientific discussion on magnetism to Thales, who lived from about 625 BC. In China “magnetic carts” were in use to help the Emperor in his journeys of inspection. Plinius comments that in the Asia Minor province of Magnesia shepherds' staffs get at times “glued” to a stone, a alodestone. In Europe the magnetic compass came through the Arab sailors who met the Portuguese explorers. The first scientific treatise on magnetism, “De Magnete”, was published by William Gilbert who in 1600 described his experiments and suggested that the Earth was a huge magnet. Johannes Kepler was a correspondent of Gilbert and at times suggested that planetary motion was due to magnetic forces. Alas, this concept was demolished by Isaac Newton,who seeing the falling apple decided that gravity was enough. This concept of dealing with gravitational forces only remains en vogue even today. The explanations why magnetic effects must be neglected go from “magnetic energy is only 1% of gravitation” to “magnetic fields only complicate the beautiful computer solutions”. What is disregarded is the fact that magnetic effects are very directional(not omni-directional as gravity) and also the fact that magnetic fields are seen every where in our cosmic universe.

Longer telomeres in chronic, moderate, unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: insights from a human study on Gilbert's Syndrome.

PubMed

Tosevska, Anela; Moelzer, Christine; Wallner, Marlies; Janosec, Milan; Schwarz, Ursula; Kern, Carina; Marculescu, Rodrig; Doberer, Daniel; Weckwerth, Wolfram; Wagner, Karl-Heinz

2016-03-01

Bilirubin (BR) is a natural endogenous compound with a potent bioactivity. Gilbert's Syndrome (GS) is a benign hereditary condition of increased unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in serum and serves as a convenient model for studying the effects of BR in humans. In absence of liver disease, increased UCB levels are inversely associated to all-cause mortality risk, especially from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). On the other hand, telomere malfunction is linked to a higher risk of CVDs. To our knowledge, there is no data on whether UCB is linked to telomere length in healthy or diseased individuals In the present study we have observed a relationship between mildly increased serum UCB and telomere length. We used an in vivo approach, assessing telomere length in PBMCs from individuals with GS (n = 60) and matched healthy controls (n = 60). An occurrence of longer telomeres was observed in male individuals chronically exposed to increased UCB, as well as in Gunn rats, an animal model of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Previously identified differences in immunomodulation and redox parameters in individuals with GS, such as IL-6, IL-1β and ferric reducing ability of plasma, were confirmed and proposed as possible contributors to the occurrence of longer telomeres in GS.

Late quaternary geomorphology of the Great Salt Lake region, Utah, and other hydrographically closed basins in the western United States: A summary of observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Currey, Donald R.

1989-01-01

Attributes of Quaternary lakes and lake basins which are often important in the environmental prehistory of semideserts are discussed. Basin-floor and basin-closure morphometry have set limits on paleolake sizes; lake morphometry and basin drainage patterns have influenced lacustrine processes; and water and sediment loads have influenced basin neotectonics. Information regarding inundated, runoff-producing, and extra-basin spatial domains is acquired directly from the paleolake record, including the littoral morphostratigraphic record, and indirectly by reconstruction. Increasingly detailed hypotheses regarding Lake Bonneville, the largest late Pleistocene paleolake in the Great Basin, are subjects for further testing and refinement. Oscillating transgression of Lake Bonneville began about 28,000 yr B.P.; the highest stage occurred about 15,000 yr B.P., and termination occurred abruptly about 13,000 yr B.P. A final resurgence of perennial lakes probably occurred in many subbasins of the Great Basin between 11,000 and 10,000 yr B.P., when the highest stage of Great Salt Lake (successor to Lake Bonneville) developed the Gilbert shoreline. The highest post-Gilbert stage of Great Salt Lake, which has been one of the few permanent lakes in the Great Basin during Holocene time, probably occurred between 3,000 and 2,000 yr B.P.

APC-PC Combined Scheme in Gilbert Two State Model: Proposal and Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulo, Yaka; Saring, Yang; Bhunia, Chandan Tilak

2017-04-01

In an automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, a packet is retransmitted if it gets corrupted due to transmission errors caused by the channel. However, an erroneous packet may contain both erroneous bits and correct bits and hence it may still contain useful information. The receiver may be able to combine this information from multiple erroneous copies to recover the correct packet. Packet combining (PC) is a simple and elegant scheme of error correction in transmitted packet, in which two received copies are XORed to obtain the bit location of erroneous bits. Thereafter, the packet is corrected by bit inversion of bit located as erroneous. Aggressive packet combining (APC) is a logic extension of PC primarily designed for wireless communication with objective of correcting error with low latency. PC offers higher throughput than APC, but PC does not correct double bit errors if occur in same bit location of erroneous copies of the packet. A hybrid technique is proposed to utilize the advantages of both APC and PC while attempting to remove the limitation of both. In the proposed technique, applications of APC-PC on Gilbert two state model has been studied. The simulation results show that the proposed technique offers better throughput than the conventional APC and lesser packet error rate than PC scheme.

Awakening Freedom: Protestant Revivalism’s Effect on the American Revolution

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Atlantic.20 Whitefield spent the following year handing over his ministries to other clergy and preaching on a 17 J . F. Hurst and James Richard Joy, John...thoroughly disillusioned 37 Milton J . Coalter, Gilbert Tennent, Son of Thunder: A Case Study of Continental Pietism’s Impact on the First Great...Pennsylvania, March 8. Anno 1739 (Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin, 1740), in Religious Enthusiasm and the Great Awakening, David S. Lovejoy ed. (Englewood

Integrating and Amplifying Signal from Riboswitch Biosensors

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

and the first 100-150 nucleotides of the downstream gene into mfold (Zuker, 2003) and forcing the aptamer region into configurations corresponding to...ligand to the aptamer . When the THY riboswitch is placed upstream of hrpR, the riboswitch basepairs well with the gene resulting in a conformation that...Ligand: energy provided by the ligand binding to the aptamers $: Jenison et al., 1994 *: Gilbert et al., 2006 2.1.3. Using Plasmid Backbones

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 67, Number 4, October 1927

DTIC Science & Technology

1927-10-01

34forever."lo In 1795, Pennsylvania ceded Mud Island in the Delaware and certain sites at Presque Isle on Lake Erie ; and a few acres were purchased by...policies. William Lyman, of Massachusetts, John Williams, Ezekiel Gilbert, and Edward Livingston, of New York, and John Swanwick, of Pennsylvania , spoke...enactments were necessary in order to get anything accomplished. Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania , was in favor of inserting specific places since general

Wessex Helicopter/Sonar Dynamics Study. ARL Program Description and Operation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-02-01

s): 5. Document Date: S illiams, Neil V. February, 1979 Guy, Christopher R. Williams, Maxwell J. 6. Type of Report and Period Covered: Gilbert, Neil...form with the aid of an analog computer type of block diagram, comprising a number of linked modules (called blocks), each one representing a particular...three types of statement, viz. configuration, parameter and function statements. The configuration statements describe the blocks used and specify the

U.S. Military Civic Action in Honduras, 1982-1985: Tactical Success, Strategic Uncertainty. CLIC Papers

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

four doctors treated about 600 patients, mostly for upper respiratory infections, malnutrition, skin infections and anemia . One villager, Jose Nolasco...gastro-intestinal problems, upper respiratory and skin infection, anemia , and malnutrition. Captain Gilbert Handal, a US Army doctor and a native of Chile...created by government opponents, but have been exploited by them. As former President of Peru , Fernando Belaunde-Terry argued "The enemies of democracy

Far red bioluminescence from two deep-sea fishes.

PubMed

Widder, E A; Latz, M I; Herring, P J; Case, J F

1984-08-03

Spectral measurements of red bioluminescence were obtained from the deep-sea stomiatoid fishes Aristostomias scintillans (Gilbert) and Malacosteus niger (Ayres). Red luminescence from suborbital light organs extends to the near infrared, with peak emission at approximately 705 nanometers in the far red. These fishes also have postorbital light organs that emit blue luminescence with maxima between 470 and 480 nanometers. The red bioluminescence may be due to an energy transfer system and wavelength-selective filtering.

Consolidating Air Force Maintenance Occupational Specialties

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

Bill Gilbert . A number of colleagues at RAND, including John Drew, Laura Baldwin, Al Robbert, and Ray Conley, provided support during this effort...Massey, James M. Masters, Raymond A. Pyles, Ricardo Sanchez, Jerry M. Sollinger, Brent Thomas, Robert S. Tripp, and Ben D. Van Roo, Analysis of the Air...MG-872-AF, 2009), Tripp et al. (Robert S. Tripp, Ronald G. McGarvey, Ben D. Van Roo, James M. Masters and Jerry M. Sollinger. A Repair Network

AGARD: The History, 1952-1997

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-07-01

Headquarters building by the Chairman of the Standing Group, Gen. Jean Houssay. Gen. Houssay expressed satisfaction at the way that AGARD was working...Medicine, and by Dr Jacques Gilbert of the Defence Research Establishment Valcartier on the development and application of the transversely- excited...1981 C. MENDES JORGE 1981-1982 1990-1992 J.G.C. BORGES 1983-1986 A.A. NOGEUIRA PINTO 1986-1990 A. JORGE AFONSO 1992-1995 F.A. CEBOLA MOGAS 1995-1997

Nigeria’s Rising Hegemony is Essential to Peace and Stability in West-Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-18

agricultural sector was particularly on wise for the Nigerian government considering the teeming population that can be gainfully employed by the sector...United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva Switzerland . UNIDR/2000/3. P.7 3. Ibid p 4 4 M.A. Vogt The Liberian Crises and... Switzerland p.13 3 Ibid p.15. 4 Gilbert M. Khadiagala, et al African Foreign Policies. Powers and perspective: A . . Foreign policy

Economics of Fishery Failure: The Fall of the King-Analysis of U.S. West Coast Chinook Salmon (Oncorhyncus Tshawytscha)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

anadromous fish in the Columbia River System River Basin (From: NPPC, 1992). ........................................................6 Figure 5. Major...needed to travel for stream-type species (Gilbert, 1913). The majority of Chinook spawn in the middle and upper main stems of rivers and in larger...distribution and migration 4 Upon leaving the rivers of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, juvenile Chinook move up the coast in a

Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest), Pacific Oyster

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

Requirements of Coastal Fishes o and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest) LEICT o PACIFIC OYSTER E2I 8 Coastal Ecology Group Fish and Wildlife Service Waterways...Profiles-: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific N rthwest) PACIFIC OYSTER by Gilbert B. Pauley...Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates . U.S. Fish

Releasing the Results of Investigations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

allow for lessons to be learned. RELEASING THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS On December 21, 2009, Gilbert Arenas – star basketball player for the...joke.1 Earlier in the month Mr. Arenas and teammate Javaris Crittenton – with only two years of NBA experience – “got into an argument over a card...Senior military leaders are analogous to NBA stars as both sets of professionals have risen through the ranks above their peers; they’ve reached the

Homogenization via Sequential Projection to Nested Subspaces Spanned by Orthogonal Scaling and Wavelet Orthonormal Families of Functions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

operators in Hilbert spaces. The homogenization procedure through successive multi- resolution projections is presented, followed by a numerical example of...is intended to be essentially self-contained. The mathematical ( Greenberg 1978; Gilbert 2006) and signal processing (Strang and Nguyen 1995...literature listed in the references. The ideas behind multi-resolution analysis unfold from the theory of linear operators in Hilbert spaces (Davis 1975

Sampled-Data Kalman Filtering and Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation for Infinite-Dimensional Continuous-Time Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

mathematical frame- 1-6 work of linear algebra and functional analysis [122, 33], while Kalman-Bucy filtering [96, 32] is an especially important...Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology (AU), Wright- Patterson AFB, Ohio, March 2002. 85. Hoffman, Kenneth and Ray Kunze. Linear Algebra (Second Edition...Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology (AU), Wright- Patterson AFB, Ohio, December 1989. 189. Strang, Gilbert. Linear Algebra and Its Applications

Improving Mobile Infrastructure for Pervasive Personal Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Copyright c© 2007 Ajay Surie This research was supported by the National Science Foundation...NSF) under grant number CNS-0509004 and by the Army Research Office (ARO) through grant number DAAD19-02-1-0389 (“Perpetually Available and Secure...efforts my final project could not have been successful. Working with the members of my research group, Niraj Tolia, Benjamin Gilbert, Jan Harkes, Adam

An Archaeological an Bioarchaeological Perspective. The Tucker (41DT104) and Sinclair (41DT105) Cemeteries of Delta County, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

Gilbert and Mielke 1985). The adaptive efficiency will be measured here by demography , childhood mortality, adult longevity , disease, and fiequency of...Episodes of childhood stress through time by individual 6-month intervals .... ............ .. 105 15. The demography of the Tucker Cemetery...tradition, it represented a very practical position among many pioneer , rural families where: few churches existed in the early years of settlement

Rediscovery of Sagittalarva inornata n. gen., n. comb. (Gilbert, 1890) (Perciformes: Labridae), a long-lost deepwater fish from the eastern Pacific Ocean: a case study of a forensic approach to taxonomy using DNA barcoding.

PubMed

Victor, Benjamin C; Alfaro, Michael E; Sorenson, Laurie

2013-01-01

Some of the more valuable contributions of a standardized DNA sequence database (the DNA barcode) are matching specimens of different life stages and confirming the species identity of individuals from distant locations. These applications can facilitate the detective work required to solve difficult taxonomic problems. In this case, a match was made between the COI mtDNA sequence of an adult male wrasse recently caught at the tip of Baja California in Mexico in deep water (30-100m) and sequences from a series of unusual larvae collected about 3500 km to the south, in the open ocean over the Galápagos Rift hydrothermal vents in 1985. The Baja adults fit the recent description of Halichoeres raisneri Baldwin & McCosker, 2001 from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. However, another deepwater labrid is known from the same site and depth in Baja; it is the type locality for the century-old holotype and only specimen of the Cape Wrasse Pseudojulis inornatus Gilbert, 1890 (later as Pseudojuloides inornatus). Deepwater video images from the tip of Baja show wrasses identical to H. raisneri photographed in Galápagos but who also fit the description of Pseudojulis inornatus. This coincidence led to a closer investigation of the holotype with x-ray, which revealed unanticipated caniniform teeth (vs. incisiform in Pseudojuloides) and an error in the fin-ray count in the original description, both of which mistakenly separated Halichoeres raisneri. The two species now match in markings, meristics, and morphology as well as overlapping range and are therefore synonymized. Phenetic and phylogenetic trees using mtDNA and nuclear DNA sequences show the species is not close to any other lineage and does not group with the other julidine labrids of the New World or the Pseudojuloides or Halichoeres of the Indo-Pacific. The distinctive larval morphology, long, thin, and flattened with a sharply pointed black-tipped snout, resembles no other described labrid larvae and, without an available genus, the new genus Sagittalarva Victor, n. gen. and the new combination Sagittalarva inornata (Gilbert, 1890), n. gen., n. comb. are described.

Hutton to Horton: views of sequence, progression and equilibrium in geomorphology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kennedy, Barbara A.

1992-08-01

The papers by Strahler (1952) and Chorley (1962) strongly advocated the adoption of a "dynamic" as opposed to an "historical" approach to geomorphology. The opinion of some later workers—notably Simpson (1963) and Mayr (1982) —is, however, that any advance in the historical natural sciences depends upon the combined appreciation of immanent and configurational elements (Simpson's terminology); and the view that events may have an essential historical or timebound component is now accepted even in "experimental" sciences such as chemistry (Prigogine, 1978). In the light of these contrasting approaches to earth science, an attempt is made to analyse the mjor lines of thought concerning change, progression and equilibrium in the work of six leading precursors of modern geomorphology: James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, James Dwight Dana, Grove Karl Gilbert and Robert E. Horton. Despite their perceived general adherence to the Uniformitarian tradition, it is suggested that the work of the six reveals two contrasting attitudes to ideas of change and of equilibrium, It is argued that those authors — Lyell, Dana, Horton—who are primarily concerned to demonstrate that the present state of the earth is in some sense the normal or optimum, tend at the same time to accept the existence or desirability of some equilibrium state and, paradoxically, to overstate the role of "unusual", "cataclysmic" or "catastrophic" events in creating and sustaining this equilibrium. The views of Horton, in particular, lend themselves to the description "punctuated equilibrium". In contrast, it is contended that Hutton, Darwin and Gilbert have no ideological commitment to the present state of the earth as anything other than one moment in time. Their ideas are considered to focus upon the entire sequence of changes which may be inferred to create the phenomena viewed at any time or place. As a consequence, the concept of equilibrium has only a minor role in the works of these authors, who accept that earth history reveals a mix of events of all physically possible magnitudes and frequencies. In the light of this analysis, the distinction between "dynamic" and "historical" geomorphology advocated by Strahler and Chorley is felt to be unhelpful. A truly historical study of the sequence of phenomena — exemplified by Chapter IV in Gilbert's Geology of the Henry Mountains (1877) — necessarily requires consideration of all scales of dynamic processes.

Confirmation of translatability and functionality certifies the dual endothelin1/VEGFsp receptor (DEspR) protein.

PubMed

Herrera, Victoria L M; Steffen, Martin; Moran, Ann Marie; Tan, Glaiza A; Pasion, Khristine A; Rivera, Keith; Pappin, Darryl J; Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson

2016-06-14

In contrast to rat and mouse databases, the NCBI gene database lists the human dual-endothelin1/VEGFsp receptor (DEspR, formerly Dear) as a unitary transcribed pseudogene due to a stop [TGA]-codon at codon#14 in automated DNA and RNA sequences. However, re-analysis is needed given prior single gene studies detected a tryptophan [TGG]-codon#14 by manual Sanger sequencing, demonstrated DEspR translatability and functionality, and since the demonstration of actual non-translatability through expression studies, the standard-of-excellence for pseudogene designation, has not been performed. Re-analysis must meet UNIPROT criteria for demonstration of a protein's existence at the highest (protein) level, which a priori, would override DNA- or RNA-based deductions. To dissect the nucleotide sequence discrepancy, we performed Maxam-Gilbert sequencing and reviewed 727 RNA-seq entries. To comply with the highest level multiple UNIPROT criteria for determining DEspR's existence, we performed various experiments using multiple anti-DEspR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting distinct DEspR epitopes with one spanning the contested tryptophan [TGG]-codon#14, assessing: (a) DEspR protein expression, (b) predicted full-length protein size, (c) sequence-predicted protein-specific properties beyond codon#14: receptor glycosylation and internalization, (d) protein-partner interactions, and (e) DEspR functionality via DEspR-inhibition effects. Maxam-Gilbert sequencing and some RNA-seq entries demonstrate two guanines, hence a tryptophan [TGG]-codon#14 within a compression site spanning an error-prone compression sequence motif. Western blot analysis using anti-DEspR mAbs targeting distinct DEspR epitopes detect the identical glycosylated 17.5 kDa pull-down protein. Decrease in DEspR-protein size after PNGase-F digest demonstrates post-translational glycosylation, concordant with the consensus-glycosylation site beyond codon#14. Like other small single-transmembrane proteins, mass spectrometry analysis of anti-DEspR mAb pull-down proteins do not detect DEspR, but detect DEspR-protein interactions with proteins implicated in intracellular trafficking and cancer. FACS analyses also detect DEspR-protein in different human cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). DEspR-inhibition studies identify DEspR-roles in CSC survival and growth. Live cell imaging detects fluorescently-labeled anti-DEspR mAb targeted-receptor internalization, concordant with the single internalization-recognition sequence also located beyond codon#14. Data confirm translatability of DEspR, the full-length DEspR protein beyond codon#14, and elucidate DEspR-specific functionality. Along with detection of the tryptophan [TGG]-codon#14 within an error-prone compression site, cumulative data demonstrating DEspR protein existence fulfill multiple UNIPROT criteria, thus refuting its pseudogene designation.

Advances in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Implications for the Development of New Biological Warfare Agents

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-06-01

GenPharm International, Inc. created the first transgenic dairy cow . The cow was used to produce human milk proteins for infant formula. 1990 A four...engineering techniques, biological compounds such as human insulin , growth hormone, and blood clotting factors can be produced in fermentors containing...the gene for rat insulin . 1977 Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam at Harvard University devised a method for sequencing DNA using chemicals rather than

Dynamic depinning phase transition in magnetic thin film with anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, L.; Zheng, B.; Jin, M. H.; Wang, L.; Zhou, N. J.

2018-02-01

The dynamic pinning effects induced by quenched disorder are significant in manipulating the domain-wall motion in nano-magnetic materials. Through numerical simulations of the nonstationary domain-wall dynamics with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we confidently detect a dynamic depinning phase transition in a magnetic thin film with anisotropy, which is of second order. The transition field, static and dynamic exponents are accurately determined, based on the dynamic scaling behavior far from stationary.

Applications of Composite Materials in Helicopter Construction (Les Applications des Materiaux Composite dans la Construction des Helicopteres),

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-21

TRANSLATION TITLE: APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN HELICOPTER CONSTRUCTION LES APPLICATIONS DES MATERTAUX COMWSITE DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DES...International Symposium on Design and Use of Kevlar in Aircraft, Geneva, 12 October 1982 [Beziac, Gilbert;* Les applications des mat6riaux composite...the pilot’s orders to the engine and the rotors. --Rear rotor Conventional or "faired propeller" type with its overall pitch control --Vibration

Summer of Innovation Kick Off

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-06-09

Erin Gilbert, Director of Professional Development from the National Summer Learning Associations, motivates teachers and middle school students during the kick off of NASA's Summer of Innovation program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., Thursday, June 10, 2010. Through the program, NASA will engage thousands of middle school students and teachers in stimulating math and science-based education programs with the goal of increasing the number of future scientists, mathematicians, and engineers. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Beyond the Gap: A Historical Perspective on World War II River Crossings

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

crossing’s defense, and provide sufficient space to organize the vehicles as they cross from the friendly side. The bridgehead commander has many tasks...combat units are across and back into the fight, the senior commander still have work to do in the space behind the crossing sites, called the rear...Procedure,” Gilbert R. Cook Papers , Box 9, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas, 110. The document stated that field manuals and

Development and Application of a Methodology for Evaluating Type II expired Shelf Life Hazardous Material Generation in the United States Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

Air Force Institute of Technology. EPA Perspective, Handout for ENV 022 - Pollution Prevention, 1992. 2. Chiras , Daniel D. Environmental Science : Action...Technology Air University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Environmental Management...4 August 1993. 19. Masters, Gilbert M. Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991 20. Messenger

AGARD: The History, 1952-1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-01

ONERA laboratories. On 14 September the meeting was opened in the NATO Headquarters building by the Chairman of the Standing Group, Gen. Jean Houssay...aerospace medicine by Dr R.Lowry, Chief of the Defence and Civil Institute of Aviation Medicine, and by Dr Jacques Gilbert of the Defence Research...J.I. BOTNAN 1991-1997 Portuga. A.J. da SILVA PEDROSO 1979-1981 C. MENDES JORGE 1981-1982 1990-1992 J.G.C. BORGES 1983-1986 A.A. NOGEUIRA PINTO 1986

Role of Hunk and Punc in Breast Cancer and Mammary Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-08-01

embryonic development of other organs, it is branes ( Santoro et al., 1996; Tamagnone and Comoglio, 1997; possible that EphA7 may play a lineage...Jacque- mammary carcinogenesis. Lab. Invest. 57, 112-137. mier, J., Jordan, B., Birnbaum, D., and Pebusque, M. J. (1999). Santoro , M. M., Collesi, C...involved may shed light on the broader physiological Centanni, J. M., de Miguel , M., Gopalan, G., Gilbert, D. J., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A

Proceedings of the Annual Symposium of Frequency Control (43rd) Held in Denver, Colorado on 31 May - 2 June 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

S . Sparagna, Raytheon Company Measurement and Analysis of a Microwave Oscillator Stabilized by a Sapphire Dielectric Ring Resonator for Ultra-Low...Heinzen, S . Gilbert, C. Manney and C. Weimer, National Institute of Standards and Technology Low Noise Laser for Optically Pumped Cesium Standards...Frerking, Rockwell nternational. The Rabi Award The Rabi Award was presented to Leonard S . Cutler of the Hewlett Packard Co., " for consistent

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taniguchi, Tomohiro, E-mail: tomohiro-taniguchi@aist.go.jp; Kubota, Hitoshi; Imamura, Hiroshi

Oscillation frequency of spin torque oscillator with a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized pinned layer is theoretically investigated by taking into account the field-like torque. It is shown that the field-like torque plays an important role in finding the balance between the energy supplied by the spin torque and the dissipation due to the damping, which results in a steady precession. The validity of the developed theory is confirmed by performing numerical simulations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation.

Geochemical survey of the Adams Gap and Shinbone Creek Roadless Areas, Clay County, Alabama

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robinson, G.R.; Klein, T.L.; Lesure, F.G.; Hanley, J.T.

1984-01-01

Reports covering the mineral resources of Clay County and vicinity include Brewer (1896) and Adams (1930) on gold, Prouty (1923) on graphite, and Heinrich and Olson (1953) on mica. The mineral resources of the Talladega National Forest were evaluated by Gilbert and Smith (1973). The mineral resource potential of the two roadless areas is detailed in Robinson and others (1983) and an accompanying geologic report is given in Robinson and others (in press).

The absence of intraband scattering in a consistent theory of Gilbert damping in pure metallic ferromagnets.

PubMed

Edwards, D M

2016-03-02

Damping of magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnetic metal, arising from spin-orbit coupling, is usually characterised by the Gilbert parameter α. Recent calculations of this quantity, using a formula due to Kambersky, find that it is infinite for a perfect crystal owing to an intraband scattering term which is of third order in the spin-orbit parameter ξ. This surprising result conflicts with recent work by Costa and Muniz who study damping numerically by direct calculation of the dynamical transverse susceptibility in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. We resolve this inconsistency by following the approach of Costa and Muniz for a slightly simplified model where it is possible to calculate α analytically. We show that to second order in ξ one retrieves the Kambersky result for α, but to higher order one does not obtain any divergent intraband terms. The present work goes beyond that of Costa and Muniz by pointing out the necessity of including the effect of long-range Coulomb interaction in calculating damping for large ξ. A direct derivation of the Kambersky formula is given which shows clearly the restriction of its validity to second order in ξ so that no intraband scattering terms appear. This restriction has an important effect on the damping over a substantial range of impurity content and temperature. The experimental situation is discussed.

Theater in professor Charcot's galaxy.

PubMed

Poirier, Jacques; Philippon, Jacques

2013-01-01

Jean-Martin Charcot, famous professor of the Chair of Clinic for Diseases of the Nervous System at Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, was himself an artist, surrounded by artists, and adored the theater. His close colleague Charles Brown-Séquard was ridiculed by Georges Feydeau in a brief freakish monologue recited by Coquelin Cadet, from the Comédie-Française, concerning his claims to rejuvenate himself and others with animal testicle extracts. His friend and patient Alphonse Daudet had written many novels, short stories, and plays. Léon Daudet, Alphonse Daudet's son (and friend of Jean-Baptiste Charcot, the son of the professor), after having abandoned his medical studies, became a writer whose novel Les morticoles was a cruel satire of the medical profession. Among Charcot's pupils, Alfred Binet, Gilbert Ballet, Édouard Brissaud, and Joseph Babinski were particularly involved in the theater. Gilbert Ballet wrote the foreword to La folie au théâtre (Madness in Theatre) by André de Latour. Édouard Brissaud wrote a satiric play Le chèque (The Check), and Joseph Babinski, under the pseudonym of Olaf, was the coauthor with Palau of the drama Les détraquées (The Deranged Women). However, when all is said and done, perhaps the greatest actor in his entourage was Charcot himself. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Basin-floor Lake Bonneville stratigraphic section as revealed in paleoseismic trenches at the Baileys Lake site, West Valley fault zone, Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hylland, Michael D.; DuRoss, Christopher B.; McDonald, Greg N.; Olig, Susan S.; Oviatt, Charles G.; Mahan, Shannon; Crone, Anthony J.; Personius, Stephen

2012-01-01

 Recent paleoseismic trenching on the Granger fault of the West Valley fault zone in Salt Lake County, Utah, exposed a nearly complete section of late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville deposits, and highlights challenges related to accurate interpretation of basin-floor stratigraphy in the absence of numerical age constraints. We used radiocarbon and luminescence dating as well as ostracode biostratigraphy to provide chronostratigraphic control on the Lake Bonneville section exposed at the Baileys Lake trench site. The fault trenches exposed folded and faulted pre- to post- Bonneville sediments, including about 0.7 m of pre-Bonneville wetland/fluvial-marsh deposits, a nearly complete Bonneville section 2.5–4.0 m thick, and 0.4–1.0 m of post-Bonneville deposits consisting primarily of loess with minor scarp-derived colluvium. The relatively thin Bonneville section compares favorably with basin-floor Bonneville sections documented in boreholes and seismic reflection profiles beneath Great Salt Lake. Distinctive features of the Bonneville section at the Baileys Lake site include a sequence of turbidites in the upper part of the Bonneville transgressive deposits, evidence for an earthquake during Provo-shoreline time that disturbed lake-bottom sediments and destroyed any stratigraphic signature of the Bonneville Flood, tufa deposition associated with Gilbert-phase shoreline transgression, and stratigraphic evidence for two Gilbert transgressions across the site.

Characterization of perpendicular STT-MRAM by spin torque ferromagnetic resonance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sha, Chengcen; Yang, Liu; Lee, Han Kyu; Barsukov, Igor; Zhang, Jieyi; Krivorotov, Ilya

We describe a method for simple quantitative measurement of magnetic anisotropy and Gilbert damping of the MTJ free layer in individual perpendicular STT-MRAM devices by spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) with magnetic field modulation. We first show the dependence of ST-FMR spectra of an STT-MRAM element on out-of-plane magnetic field. In these spectra, resonances arising from excitation of the quasi-uniform and higher order spin wave eigenmodes of the free layer as well as acoustic mode of the synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) are clearly seen. The quasi-uniform mode frequency at zero field gives magnetic anisotropy field of the free layer. Then we show dependence of the quasi-uniform mode linewidth on frequency is linear over a range of frequencies but deviatesfrom linearity in the low and high frequency regimes. Comparison to ST-FMR spectrareveals that the high frequency line broadening is linked to the SAF mode softening near the SAF spin flop transition at 5 kG. In the low field regime, the SAF mode frequency approaches that of the quasi-uniform mode, and resonant coupling of the modes leads to the line broadening. A linear fit to the linewidth data outside of the high and low field regimes gives the Gilbert damping parameter of the free layer. This work was supported by the Samsung Global MRAM Innovation Program.

Earthquake probabilities for the Wassatch front region in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wong, Ivan G.; Lund, William R.; Duross, Christopher; Thomas, Patricia; Arabasz, Walter; Crone, Anthony J.; Hylland, Michael D.; Luco, Nicolas; Olig, Susan S.; Pechmann, James; Personius, Stephen; Petersen, Mark D.; Schwartz, David P.; Smith, Robert B.; Rowman, Steve

2016-01-01

In a letter to The Salt Lake Daily Tribune in September 1883, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) geologist G.K. Gilbert warned local residents about the implications of observable fault scarps along the western base of the Wasatch Range. The scarps were evidence that large surface-rupturing earthquakes had occurred in the past and more would likely occur in the future. The main actor in this drama is the 350-km-long Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), which extends from central Utah to southernmost Idaho. The modern Wasatch Front urban corridor, which follows the valleys on the WFZ’s hanging wall between Brigham City and Nephi, is home to nearly 80% of Utah’s population of 3 million. Adding to this circumstance of “lots of eggs in one basket,” more than 75% of Utah’s economy is concentrated along the Wasatch Front in Utah’s four largest counties, literally astride the five central and most active segments of the WFZ.

Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mankinen, E.A.; Cox, A.

1988-01-01

Paleomagnetic data for lava flows from sporadic but long-lived eruptions in the McMurdo Sound region are combined with previously published geologic and geochronologic data to determine the general eruptive sequence of the area. Lava flows in the Walcott Bay area were erupted during the Gauss Normal, Matuyama Reversed, and Brunhes Normal Polarity Chrons. The youngest flows on Black Island probably erupted near the boundary between the Gilbert and Gauss chrons. The most recent activity was concentrated on the volcanic edifices of Mounts Morning and Discovery and on Ross Island sampled during this study with those of eight flows that were published previously yields a mean paleomagnetic pole at 87.3??N, 317.3??E (??95 = 6.3??). The ancient geomagnetic field dispersion about this mean pole is 23.5??, with upper and lower limits of 95% confidence equal to 27.4?? and 20.5??, respectively. This value probably is a reasonable estimate of secular variation for the Antarctic continent during Pliocene and Pleistocene time. -Authors

Testing the Normality of Residuals.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

work, Ramsey (1969) and Ransey and Gilbert (1972) investigate tests for detection of regression specification errors such as omitted variables, incorrect...estimator of scale. Biometrika, 68, 331-333. Nelson, L.S. (1981). A simple test for normality. J. of Quality Technology, 13 , 76-77. Ramsey , J.B. (1969...AD-A120 997 TESTING THE NORMALT O F RESIDU ALS(U WISCONSIN UNV MAO ISON MATRENAT C S RESEARCH CENT ER NRDAPER FT AL SEP 92 NRC- SR- 2 42 6 DAAG29-90

New clinical trial to study long-term progression of brain and spine cancers | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Dr. Mark Gilbert, Chief, Neuro-Oncology Branch, describes an ambitious new clinical trial that, for the first time, will study the long-term progression of brain and spine cancers. The 10,000 patient trial is the largest of its kind and will follow patients throughout the course of their disease. In addition to identifying optimal treatments for common brain and spine cancers, the study focuses on treatment discovery for rare, overlooked cancers.

Mobile atom traps using magnetic nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allwood, D. A.; Schrefl, T.; Hrkac, G.; Hughes, I. G.; Adams, C. S.

2006-07-01

By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation using a finite element method we show that an atom trap can be produced above a ferromagnetic nanowire domain wall. Atoms experience trap frequencies of up to a few megahertz, and can be transported by applying a weak magnetic field along the wire. Lithographically defined nanowire patterns could allow quantum information processing by bringing domain walls in close proximity at certain places to allow trapped atom interactions and far apart at others to allow individual addressing.

Skyrmionic spin Seebeck effect via dissipative thermomagnonic torques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovalev, Alexey A.

2014-06-01

We derive thermomagnonic torque and its "β-type" dissipative correction from the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The β-type dissipative correction describes viscous coupling between magnetic dynamics and magnonic current and it stems from spin mistracking of the magnetic order. We show that thermomagnonic torque is important for describing temperature gradient induced motion of skyrmions in helical magnets while dissipative correction plays an essential role in generating transverse Magnus force. We propose to detect such skyrmionic motion by employing the transverse spin Seebeck effect geometry.

Development of New Immunogens and a Controlled Release Delivery System for Oral Immunization Against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-06

DSN 343-7322. N fjGARX\\R. GILBERT COL, MS Deputy Chief of Staff for Information Management REPRODUCTION QUALITY NOTICE This document is the best quality...1976. 35. Ogre, P.L.: Karzon, D.T. Distribution of poliovirus antibody in serum, nasopharymrt and alimentary tract folloving segmental limunization...sysemst, In.- Hisholl, DAI. ; Advances in human fertility and reproductive endocrinology. NWe York, Raven Press Books. Ltd; Vol. 2. 1963: 175-199. 52. Tic

Tactical Web Services: Using XML and Java Web Services to Conduct Real-Time Net-Centric Sonar Visualization

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

Rosetti USN U.S. Navy Chesterton, IN 6. Erik Chaum NUWC Newport, RI 7. David Bellino NPRI Newport, RI 8. Dick Nadolink NUWC Newport, RI...found at (http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona). G. JFREECHART JFreeChart is an open source Java API created by David Gilbert and...www.xj3d.org/. Accessed 3 September 2004. Hunter, David , Kurt Cagle, and Chris Dix, eds. Beginning XML, Second Edition. Indianapolis, IN

Aircraft Evaluation Using Stochastic Duels

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

One of the more recent uses of Lanchester equations for modeling air-to-air combat was proposed by Gilbert (2011). His work studies the strategic...for the number of missiles fired on each side. C. PHASE 2—DOGFIGHT If neither aircraft is shot down in Phase 1, the duel will transit into Phase 2...become the Pursuer of B at the of the turn. On the other hand, in the case of a nose-to-tail turn, the impacts of the turn radius and turn rate are

Minimizing Communication in All-Pairs Shortest Paths

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-13

on a 16,384 vertex, 5% dense graph, is slightly faster using our approach (18.6 vs . 22.6 seconds) than using the replicated Johnson’s algorithm...Oracle and Samsung , as well as MathWorks. Research is also supported by DOE grants DE-SC0004938, DE-SC0005136, DE-SC0003959, DE-SC0008700, and AC02...Brickell, I. S. Dhillon, S. Sra, and J. A. Tropp. The metric nearness problem. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl ., 30:375–396, 2008. [11] A. Buluç, J. R. Gilbert

Child neurology residency: system implications of new training models.

PubMed

Heiser, Karen

2012-02-01

From limitations on residents' duty hours, to ways in which outcomes are measured, changes to graduate medical education are sweeping the nation. In this issue of the journal, Gilbert and Greenwood present thoughtful, if somewhat disparate, opinions on ways to improve the educational experience of child neurology trainees. As the Designated Institutional Officer of a large children's hospital, I have focused my commentary on "the big picture." That is, what systemwide impact can changes in child neurology trainees' education have.

Department of the Navy Correspondence Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Abbreviated rank for officers and rate and warfare designator for enlisted personnel (e.g., AD1(AW), BM2(SW), CSSN(SS)) with no space between rank/rate and...warfare designator , (2) first name, middle initial if any, and last name, (3) staff corps abbreviation (if any), (4) branch of service, (5) the last four...digits of the SSN, and (6) the designator for an officer. EXAMPLE: RADM Michelle L. Howard, USN, XXX-XX-1234/1110 CDR Gilbert L. Williams, USN, XXX-XX

The Air Force’s Experience with Should-Cost Reviews and Options for Enhancing Its Capability to Conduct Them

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology, 1972. Williams , Robert Leon, A Review of the “Should Cost” Process and Management Issues...We thank William Bartlebaugh of the Air Force Cost Analysis Agency; David Dudley of the Air Force Electronics System Center; Tommy Gilbert of Warner...better performance. The program experienced large cost overruns. Air Force Deputy for Management Systems A. Ernest Fitzgerald, on the staff of the

Annual Progress Report for July 1, 1978 through June 30, 1979,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

Alexandrou , D. Gibbons, J. A. Pietras, J. V. Altshuler, D. Gilbert, P. Rathbun, L. C. Au, S. H. Goodman, B. A. Reed, D. A. Avramovic, B. R. Govindaraj...January 1979, pp. 54-61. H. V. Poor and D. Alexandrou , "A General Relationship Between Two Quantizer Design Criteria," IEEE Trans. on Information Theory...Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-14, November 1978, pp. 241-253. Meeting Papers D. Alexandrou and H. V. Poor, "Data Quantization in Stochastic- Signal Detection

The Design and Validation of an Instrument To Identify Preservice Elementary Teachers' Intuitive and School Knowledge of the Concepts of Surface Area/Volume and States of Matter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Diana C.; And Others

In order to take into account in a more productive, effective manner children's prior science knowledge in the development of science curricula and in the teaching of science, it is important "to know how to explore it, to know about its nature, and to consider the various ways it may, or may not be modified" (Gilbert, Osborne, and Fensham, 1982).…

A Natural Way to Stay Sweet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

A revolutionary, low-calorie sugar is now available to the food and beverage market, offering an all-natural alternative to table sugar and artificial sweeteners. Tagatose, a sugar that appears in nature in small quantities, began its unusual journey to the commercial market nearly 30 years ago, when Dr. Gilbert V. Levin invented a life detection experiment to place aboard NASA s Mars Viking 1 and Viking 2 landers. The experiment involved using radiation-laced nutrients to determine the presence of microbial life in Martian soil samples.

Characterization of tobacco withdrawal: physiological and subjective effects.

PubMed

Hatsukami, D; Hughes, J R; Pickens, R

1985-01-01

In total, our studies show that changes which occur reliably and consistently in chronic smokers after tobacco deprivation include: decreased heart rate, increased caloric intake/eating, increased number of awakenings during sleep, increased craving for tobacco, and increased confusion, as measured by the POMS. Other changes that were found to occur after tobacco deprivation in some but not all of our studies include decreased orthostatic heart rate, increased irritability, and decreased vigor score on the POMS. Previous investigators have found a consistent effect of tobacco deprivation on heart rate (Gilbert and Pope 1982; Knapp et al. 1963; Parsons and Hamme 1975; Weybrew and Stark 1967; Glauser et al. 1970; Myrsten et al. 1977; Murphee and Schultz 1968). Although decreased blood pressure (Knapp et al. 1963; Murphee and Schultz 1968) and changes in other vital signs such as temperature (Gilbert and Pope 1982; Myrsten et al. 1977; Ague 1974) have been reported, our present studies and studies by others (Weybrew and Stark 1967; Glauser et al. 1970) failed to find a significant deprivation effect on these measures. Perhaps the contradictory findings are a function of the reliability of the measures themselves or of the population tested. Caloric intake has been found to increase in both animals and humans after nicotine or smoking cessation (Gruneberg 1982; Myrsten et al. 1977; Wack and Rodin 1982). These results are consistent with studies which have found that smoking cessation causes an increase in body weight (Wack and Rodin 1982). However, previous studies disagree on how smoking cessation causes weight gain. Our inpatient study is believed to be the first to simultaneously measure changes in caloric intake, fluid retention, and physical activity after tobacco deprivation. In the study, caloric intake increased but fluid retention and physical activity did not change. The increases in weight may not be accounted for solely by increases in caloric intake. There may be other factors such as decreased basal metabolic rate which cause the increase in weight. Other studies have also reported sleep disturbance or insomnia among tobacco-deprived smokers (Larson et al. 1961; Weybrew and Stark 1967). Studies directly monitoring sleep have found a decrease in duration awake (Soldatos et al. 1980), increased REM sleep (Soldatos et al. 1980; Kales et al. 1970; Parsons et al. 1975), and increased Stage IV (greater than 50% delta waves) sleep (Parson et al. 1975; Parsons and Hamme 1975). Thus, objective data indicate that after tobacco deprivation smokers actually sleep longer, which contradicts subjective reports of insomnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Growth of Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films on Si(100) having very small Gilbert damping by Ion beam sputtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husain, Sajid; Akansel, Serkan; Kumar, Ankit; Svedlindh, Peter; Chaudhary, Sujeet

2016-06-01

The influence of growth temperature Ts (300-773 K) on the structural phase ordering, static and dynamic magnetization behaviour has been investigated in ion beam sputtered full Heusler alloy Co2FeAl (CFA) thin films on industrially important Si(100) substrate. The B2 type magnetic ordering is established in these films based on the clear observation of the (200) diffraction peak. These ion beam sputtered CFA films possess very small surface roughness of the order of subatomic dimensions (<3 Å) as determined from the fitting of XRR spectra and also by AFM imaging. This is supported by the occurrence of distinct Kiessig fringes spanning over the whole scanning range (~4°) in the x-ray reflectivity (XRR) spectra. The Gilbert damping constant α and effective magnetization 4πMeff are found to vary from 0.0053 ± 0.0002 to 0.0015 ± 0.0001 and 13.45 ± 00.03 kG to 14.03 ± 0.04 kG, respectively. These Co2FeAl films possess saturation magnetization ranging from 4.82 ± 0.09 to 5.22 ± 0.10 μB/f.u. consistent with the bulk L21-type ordering. A record low α-value of 0.0015 is obtained for Co2FeAl films deposited on Si substrate at Ts ~ 573 K.

Growth of Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films on Si(100) having very small Gilbert damping by Ion beam sputtering.

PubMed

Husain, Sajid; Akansel, Serkan; Kumar, Ankit; Svedlindh, Peter; Chaudhary, Sujeet

2016-06-30

The influence of growth temperature Ts (300-773 K) on the structural phase ordering, static and dynamic magnetization behaviour has been investigated in ion beam sputtered full Heusler alloy Co2FeAl (CFA) thin films on industrially important Si(100) substrate. The B2 type magnetic ordering is established in these films based on the clear observation of the (200) diffraction peak. These ion beam sputtered CFA films possess very small surface roughness of the order of subatomic dimensions (<3 Å) as determined from the fitting of XRR spectra and also by AFM imaging. This is supported by the occurrence of distinct Kiessig fringes spanning over the whole scanning range (~4°) in the x-ray reflectivity (XRR) spectra. The Gilbert damping constant α and effective magnetization 4πMeff are found to vary from 0.0053 ± 0.0002 to 0.0015 ± 0.0001 and 13.45 ± 00.03 kG to 14.03 ± 0.04 kG, respectively. These Co2FeAl films possess saturation magnetization ranging from 4.82 ± 0.09 to 5.22 ± 0.10 μB/f.u. consistent with the bulk L21-type ordering. A record low α-value of 0.0015 is obtained for Co2FeAl films deposited on Si substrate at Ts ~ 573 K.

Breaking the current density threshold in spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yin; Yuan, H. Y.; Wang, X. S.; Wang, X. R.

2018-04-01

Spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) is a promising technology for the next generation of data storage devices. The main bottleneck of this technology is the high reversal current density threshold. This outstanding problem is now solved by a new strategy in which the magnitude of the driven current density is fixed while the current direction varies with time. The theoretical limit of minimal reversal current density is only a fraction (the Gilbert damping coefficient) of the threshold current density of the conventional strategy. The Euler-Lagrange equation for the fastest magnetization reversal path and the optimal current pulse is derived for an arbitrary magnetic cell and arbitrary spin-orbit torque. The theoretical limit of minimal reversal current density and current density for a GHz switching rate of the new reversal strategy for CoFeB/Ta SOT-MRAMs are, respectively, of the order of 105 A/cm 2 and 106 A/cm 2 far below 107 A/cm 2 and 108 A/cm 2 in the conventional strategy. Furthermore, no external magnetic field is needed for a deterministic reversal in the new strategy.

Post-middle Miocene Tuffs of Bodie Hills and Mono Basin, California: Paleomagnetic Reference Directions and Vertical Axis Rotation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindeman, J. R.; Pluhar, C. J.; Farner, M. J.

2013-12-01

The relative motions of the Pacific and North American plates about the Sierra Nevada-North American Euler pole is accommodated by dextral slip along the San Andreas Fault System (~75%) and the Walker Lane-Eastern California Shear Zone system of faults, east of the Sierra Nevada microplate (~25%). The Bodie Hills and Mono Basin regions lie within the Walker Lane and partially accommodate deformation by vertical axis rotation of up to 60o rotation since ~9.4 Ma. This region experienced recurrent eruptive events from mid to late Miocene, including John et al.'s (2012) ~12.05 Ma Tuff of Jack Springs (TJS) and Gilbert's (1968) 11.1 - 11.9 Ma 'latite ignimbrite' east of Mono Lake. Both tuffs can be identified by phenocrysts of sanidine and biotite in hand specimens, with TJS composed of a light-grey matrix and the latite ignimbrite composed of a grey-black matrix. Our paleomagnetic results show these units to both be normal polarity, with the latite ignimbrite exhibiting a shallow inclination. TJS's normal polarity is consistent with emplacement during subchron C5 An. 1n (12.014 - 12.116 Ma). The X-ray fluorescence analyses of fiamme from TJS in Bodie Hills and the latite ignimbrite located east of Mono Lake reveal them both to be rhyolites with the latite ignimbrite sharing elevated K composition seen in the slightly younger Stanislaus Group (9.0 - 10.2 Ma). We establish a paleomagnetic reference direction of D = 352.8o I = 42.7o α95 = 7.7o n = 5 sites (42 samples) for TJS in the Bodie Hills in a region hypothesized by Carlson (2012) to have experienced low rotation. Our reference for Gilbert's latite ignimbrite (at Cowtrack Mountain) is D = 352.9o I = 32.1o α95 = 4.7o. This reference locality is found on basement highland likely to have experienced less deformation then the nearby Mono Basin since ignimbrite emplacement. Paleomagnetic results from this latite ignimbrite suggests ~98.2o × 5.5o of clockwise vertical axis rotation of parts of eastern Mono Basin since unit emplacement. A welded 11.7 Ma (K-Ar; Drake, 1979) rhyolitic tuff near Trafton Mountain appears similar in composition to TJS. Drake's tuff exhibits a reversed polarity, consistent with reversed polarity subchron C5r.3r (11.614 - 12.014 Ma) and distinguishes this tuff from TJS and Gilbert's latite ignimbrite.

A technique for enhancing and matching the resolution of microwave measurements from the SSM/I instrument

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Wayne D.; Kummerrow, Christian; Olson, William S.

1992-01-01

A correction technique is presented for matching the resolution of all the frequencies of the satelliteborne Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) to the about-25-km spatial resolution of the 37-GHz channel. This entails, on the one hand, the enhancement of the spatial resolution of the 19- and 22-GHz channels, and on the other, the degrading of that of the 85-GHz channel. The Backus and Gilbert (1970) approach is found to yield sufficient spatial resolution to render such a correction worthwhile.

Heater-induced ionization inferred from spectrometric airglow measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hysell, D. L.; Miceli, R. J.; Varney, R. H.; Schlatter, N.; Huba, J. D.

2013-12-01

Spectrographic airglow measurements were made during an ionospheric modification experiment at HAARP on March 12, 2013. Artificial airglow enhancements at 427.8, 557.7, 630.0, 777.4, and 844.6 nm were observed. On the basis of these emissions and using a methodology based on the method of Backus and Gilbert [1968, 1970], we estimate the suprathermal electron population and the subsequent equilibrium electron density profile, including contributions from electron impact ionization. We find that the airglow is consistent with significant induced ionization in view of the spatial intermittency of the airglow.

Micromagnetic simulation of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic heterostructures

PubMed Central

Oezelt, Harald; Kovacs, Alexander; Reichel, Franz; Fischbacher, Johann; Bance, Simon; Gusenbauer, Markus; Schubert, Christian; Albrecht, Manfred; Schrefl, Thomas

2015-01-01

Exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic heterostructures are a possible material composition for future magnetic storage and sensor applications. In order to understand the driving mechanisms in the demagnetization process, we perform micromagnetic simulations by employing the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. The magnetization reversal is dominated by pinning events within the amorphous ferrimagnetic layer and at the interface between the ferrimagnetic and the ferromagnetic layer. The shape of the computed magnetization reversal loop corresponds well with experimental data, if a spatial variation of the exchange coupling across the ferri-/ferromagnetic interface is assumed. PMID:25937693

Magnonic analog of relativistic Zitterbewegung in an antiferromagnetic spin chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Weiwei; Gu, Chenjie; Zhou, Yan; Fangohr, Hans

2017-07-01

We theoretically investigate the spin-wave (magnon) excitations in a classical antiferromagnetic spin chain with easy-axis anisotropy. We obtain a Dirac-like equation by linearizing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in this antiferromagnetic system, in contrast to the ferromagnetic system in which a Schrödinger-type equation is derived. The Hamiltonian operator in the Dirac-like equation is a pseudo-Hermitian. We compute and demonstrate relativistic Zitterbewegung (trembling motion) in the antiferromagnetic spin chain by measuring the expectation values of the wave-packet position.

Inherited Disorders of Bilirubin Clearance

PubMed Central

Memon, Naureen; Weinberger, Barry I; Hegyi, Thomas; Aleksunes, Lauren M

2016-01-01

Inherited disorders of hyperbilirubinemia may be caused by increased bilirubin production or decreased bilirubin clearance. Reduced hepatic bilirubin clearance can be due to defective 1) unconjugated bilirubin uptake and intrahepatic storage, 2) conjugation of glucuronic acid to bilirubin (e.g. Gilbert syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Lucey-Driscoll syndrome, breast milk jaundice), 3) bilirubin excretion into bile (Dubin-Johnson syndrome), or 4) conjugated bilirubin re-uptake (Rotor syndrome). In this review, the molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of these conditions are described, as well as current approaches to diagnosis and therapy. PMID:26595536

Correction of Quenching Errors in Analytical Fluorimetry through Use of Time Resolution.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-27

QUENCHING ERRORS IN ANALYTICAL FLUORIMETRY THROUGH USE OF TIME RESOLUTION by Gary M. Hieftje and Gilbert R. Haugen Prepared for Publication in... HIEFTJE , 6 R HAUGEN NOCOIT1-6-0638 UCLASSIFIED TR-25 NL ///I//II IIIII I__I. 111122 Z .. ..12 1.~l8 .2 -4 SECuRITY CLSIIAI1 orTI PAGE MWhno. ee...in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry, vol. 3, D. M. Hercules, G. M. Hieftje , L. R. Snyder, and M4. A. Evenson, eds., Plenum Press, N.Y., 1978, ch. S

International Symposium on Gas Kinetics (8th) Held in Nottingham, England on 15-20 July 1984. Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-20

Hall 16.00 -17.30 Tea, Hugh Stewart Hall 19.00 Buffet/Reception, Hugh Stewart Hall 19.00- 24.00 Cash bar in Hugh Stewart Hall Accesion For STATEMENT ...transfer involving highly vibrationally excited molecules J. R. Barker (SRI), T. C. Brown and K. D. King (Adelaide) 10.45-11.15 Coffee SESSION IV...D. King (Adelaide) and R. G. Gilbert (Sydney) 15.15-15.35 J4 Quantitative intermolecular energy transfer efficiencies from thermal studies C. D. Eley

The attenuation of Love waves and toroidal oscillations of the earth.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, D. D.

1971-01-01

An attempt has been made to invert a large set of attenuation data for Love waves and toroidal oscillations in the earth, using a recent method by Backus and Gilbert. The difficulty in finding an acceptable model of internal friction which explains the data, under the assumption that the internal friction is independent of frequency, casts doubt on the validity of this assumption. A frequency-dependent model of internal friction is presented which is in good agreement with the seismic data and with recent experimental measurements of attenuation in rocks.

Effect of biquadratic coupling on current induced magnetization switching in Co/Cu/Ni-Fe nanopillar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aravinthan, D.; Daniel, M., E-mail: danielcnld@gmail.com; Sabareesan, P.

2016-05-23

The effect of biquadratic coupling on spin current induced magnetization switching in a Co/Cu/Ni-Fe nanopillar device is investigated by solving the free layer magnetization switching dynamics governed by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation. The LLGS equation is numerically solved by using Runge-Kutta fourth order procedure for an applied current density of 5 × 10{sup 12} Am{sup -2}. Presence of biquadratic coupling in the ferromagnetic layers reduces the magnetization switching time of the nanopillar device from 61 ps to 49 ps.

Magnetization Reversal Process of Single Crystal α-Fe Containing a Nonmagnetic Particle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Yi; Xu, Ben; Hu, Shenyang Y.

2015-09-25

The magnetization reversal process and hysteresis loops in a single crystal α-iron with nonmagnetic particles are simulated in this work based on the Landau-Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. The evolutions of the magnetic domain morphology are studied, and our analyses show that the magnetization reversal process is affected by the interaction between the moving domain wall and the existing nonmagnetic particles. This interaction strongly depends on the size of the particles, and it is found that particles with a particular size contribute the most to magnetic hardening.

Archeological/Environmental Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Landsat/Seasat remote sensing was used by Ames Research Center to evaluate environmental influence on ancient Mayan civilization. Over 35 archeological sites were imaged and valuable information concerning Maya settlement patterns, environment, and resource usage resulted. The imagery was also used by Mexican authorities to develop coastal management plans, establish Biosphere Reserves and assess damage from the 1988 Hurricane Gilbert. Imagery showed evidence of ancient coastlines, changes in sea level, an ancient river plain and Mayan canal systems. Previously unknown Mayan reservoirs were discovered. The project is considered a pioneering effort combining remote sensing, environmental studies and archeology.

The JEDBURGHS: Combat Operations Conducted in the Finistere Region of Brittany, France from July-September 1944

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

commence large scale operations on 2 August 1944. Napoleon’s hat was the local name of a famous rose-red granite rock at the holiday resort of Perros ...SFHQ that the BBC message authorizing large-scale attacks on the Germans in Brittany be "Le Chapeau de Napoleon est-il 40 TouJours a Perros -Guirec...Napoleon eat-il touJours a Perros -Guirec?" Francis, along with teams Hilary, Horace, and Gilbert, (discussed later In Chapters 7, 6, and 5

Antidot shape dependence of switching mechanism in permalloy samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yetiş, Hakan; Denizli, Haluk

2017-01-01

We study antidot shape dependence of the switching magnetization for various permalloy samples with square and triangular arrays of nanometer scale antidots. The remnant magnetization, squareness ratio, and coercive fields of the samples are extracted from the hysteresis loops which are obtained by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation numerically. We find several different magnetic spin configurations which reveal the existence of superdomain wall structures. Our results are discussed in terms of the local shape anisotropy, array geometry, and symmetry properties in order to explain the formation of inhomogeneous domain structures.

Personnel Attrition Rates in Historical Land Combat Operations: A Catalog of Attrition and Casualty Data Bases on Diskettes Usable with Personal Computers

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

la Universidad de Malaga, et al., 1991, pp 4985-5017. (2) Pearson, Frederic S., and Robert A. Baumann, "International Military Intervention in Sub...unobtainable in practice. Instead, we must use the data as we find it, warts and all. This is not a new observation. Beebe. Gilbert W., and De Bakey...original or US copies of the British "Nord de Guerre Zone," based on the Lambert Conformal Conical Projection, which the British call the Lambert Conical

Anti-cancer effects of blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, a natural source of bilirubin-like tetrapyrrolic compounds.

PubMed

Koníčková, Renata; Vaňková, Kateřina; Vaníková, Jana; Váňová, Kateřina; Muchová, Lucie; Subhanová, Iva; Zadinová, Marie; Zelenka, Jaroslav; Dvořák, Aleš; Kolář, Michal; Strnad, Hynek; Rimpelová, Silvie; Ruml, Tomáš; J Wong, Ronald; Vítek, Libor

2014-01-01

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green alga used as a dietary supplement because of its hypocholesterolemic properties. Among other bioactive substances, it is also rich in tetrapyrrolic compounds closely related to bilirubin molecule, a potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative agent. The aim of our study was to evaluate possible anticancer effects of S. platensis and S. platensis-derived tetrapyrroles using an experimental model of pancreatic cancer. The anti-proliferative effects of S. platensis and its tetrapyrrolic components [phycocyanobilin (PCB) and chlorophyllin, a surrogate molecule for chlorophyll A] were tested on several human pancreatic cancer cell lines and xenotransplanted nude mice. The effects of experimental therapeutics on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutathione redox status were also evaluated. Compared to untreated cells, experimental therapeutics significantly decreased proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.16 g•L-1 [S. platensis], 60 μM [PCB], and 125 μM [chlorophyllin], p<0.05). The anti-proliferative effects of S. platensis were also shown in vivo, where inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth was evidenced since the third day of treatment (p < 0.05). All tested compounds decreased generation of mitochondrial ROS and glutathione redox status (p = 0.0006; 0.016; and 0.006 for S. platensis, PCB, and chlorophyllin, respectively). In conclusion, S. platensis and its tetrapyrrolic components substantially decreased the proliferation of experimental pancreatic cancer. These data support a chemopreventive role of this edible alga. Furthermore, it seems that dietary supplementation with this alga might enhance systemic pool of tetrapyrroles, known to be higher in subjects with Gilbert syndrome.

Raymond Dart as a pioneering primatologist.

PubMed

Strkalj, G; Tobias, P V

2008-01-01

Raymond Dart is best known today for his groundbreaking research in palaeoanthropology. It is often forgotten, however, that Dart was a scientist of many interests, who made significant contributions to various disciplines. One of these is the study of living non-human primates. Dart became aware of the importance of primate studies and their relevance for research in other disciplines early in his career. In the late 1920s Dart established a colony of captive baboons in the Anatomy Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. On these animals, members of his Department, most notably Joseph Gillman and Christine Gilbert, carried out a number of significant behavioural and endocrinological researches. In 1930, as a member of an Italian Scientific Expedition, Dart was involved in hunting a mountain gorilla (for research purposes). He was also active in primate field studies. In 1957 he and Phillip Tobias founded a Witwatersrand University Uganda Gorilla Research Unit for the study of the Virunga mountain gorillas. The unit produced pioneering studies, conducted by Jill Donisthorpe, on the behaviour of these primates in their natural habitat. At the same time Dart was actively engaged in conservation of the mountain gorillas. He also studied South African chacma baboons in the wild. In the field of primate studies Raymond Dart figures prominently as a pioneering catalyst as well as researcher and conservationist.

Geologic strip map along the Hines Creek Fault showing evidence for Cenozoic displacement in the western Mount Hayes and northeastern Healy quadrangles, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nokleberg, Warren J.; Aleinikoff, John N.; Bundtzen, Thomas K.; Hanshaw, Maiana N.

2013-01-01

Geologic mapping of the Hines Creek Fault and the adjacent Trident Glacier and McGinnis Glacier Faults to the north in the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, reveals that these faults were active during the Cenozoic. Previously, the Hines Creek Fault, which is considered to be part of the strike-slip Denali Fault system (Ridgway and others, 2002; Nokleberg and Richter, 2007), was interpreted to have been welded shut during the intrusion of the Upper Cretaceous Buchanan Creek pluton (Wahrhaftig and others, 1975; Gilbert, 1977; Sherwood and Craddock, 1979; Csejtey and others, 1992). Our geologic mapping along the west- to west-northwest-striking Hines Creek Fault in the northeastern Healy quadrangle and central to northwestern Mount Hayes quadrangle reveals that (1) the Buchanan Creek pluton is truncated by the Hines Creek Fault and (2) a tectonic collage of fault-bounded slices of various granitic plutons, metagabbro, metabasalt, and sedimentary rock of the Pingston terrane occurs south of the Hines Creek Fault.

Delay Analysis and Optimization of Bandwidth Request under Unicast Polling in IEEE 802.16e over Gilbert-Elliot Error Channel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Eunju; Kim, Kyung Jae; Roijers, Frank; Choi, Bong Dae

In the centralized polling mode in IEEE 802.16e, a base station (BS) polls mobile stations (MSs) for bandwidth reservation in one of three polling modes; unicast, multicast, or broadcast pollings. In unicast polling, the BS polls each individual MS to allow to transmit a bandwidth request packet. This paper presents an analytical model for the unicast polling of bandwidth request in IEEE 802.16e networks over Gilbert-Elliot error channel. We derive the probability distribution for the delay of bandwidth requests due to wireless transmission errors and find the loss probability of request packets due to finite retransmission attempts. By using the delay distribution and the loss probability, we optimize the number of polling slots within a frame and the maximum retransmission number while satisfying QoS on the total loss probability which combines two losses: packet loss due to the excess of maximum retransmission and delay outage loss due to the maximum tolerable delay bound. In addition, we obtain the utilization of polling slots, which is defined as the ratio of the number of polling slots used for the MS's successful transmission to the total number of polling slots used by the MS over a long run time. Analysis results are shown to well match with simulation results. Numerical results give examples of the optimal number of polling slots within a frame and the optimal maximum retransmission number depending on delay bounds, the number of MSs, and the channel conditions.

Spin waves in micro-structured yttrium iron garnet nanometer-thick films

DOE PAGES

Jungfleisch, Matthias B.; Zhang, Wei; Jiang, Wanjun; ...

2015-03-24

Here, we investigated the spin-wave propagation in a micro-structured yttrium iron garnet waveguide of 40 nm thickness. Utilizing spatially-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy, an exponential decay of the spinwave amplitude of 10 μm was observed. This leads to an estimated Gilbert damping constant of α = (8.79 ± 0.73) x 10 $-$4, which is larger than damping values obtained through ferromagnetic resonance measurements in unstructured films. Furthermore, we compared the theoretically calculated spatial interference of waveguide modes to the spin-wave pattern observed experimentally by means of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy.

Using the Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi Algorithm for Collision Detection in System Effectiveness Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

product is vector whose i-th component is defined as (A×B)i = εi jkA jBk, (2) 2 where εi jk is the Levi - Civita symbol whose value is 1 if i jk is an...of GJK 9 3.1.1 Overview of GJK 9 3.1.2 Two Examples of GJK Operating 9 3.1.3 Termination Conditions 11 3.1.4 GJK Algorithm 13 3.2 Simplex Processing...band will snap around the outermost points, forming the convex hull. ...........5 Fig. 3 Two example triangles and their Minkowski Difference

Visualization of Dynamic Vortex Structures in Magnetic Films with Uniaxial Anisotropy (Micromagnetic Simulation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zverev, V. V.; Izmozherov, I. M.; Filippov, B. N.

2018-02-01

Three-dimensional computer simulation of dynamic processes in a moving domain boundary separating domains in a soft magnetic uniaxial film with planar anisotropy is performed by numerical solution of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. The developed visualization methods are used to establish the connection between the motion of surface vortices and antivortices, singular (Bloch) points, and core lines of intrafilm vortex structures. A relation between the character of magnetization dynamics and the film thickness is found. The analytical models of spatial vortex structures for imitation of topological properties of the structures observed in micromagnetic simulation are constructed.

The Internet: Creating Equity through Continuous Education or Perpetuating a Digital Divide? Essay Review of "Race in Cyberspace," edited by Beth E. Kolko, Lisa Nakamura, and Gilbert B. Rodman; "The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach," by Daniel Miller and Don Slater; and "The Digital Divide: Standing at the Intersection of Race and Technology," by Raneta L. Mack.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindsay, Beverly; Poindexter, Maria T.

2003-01-01

Reviews three books that address the relations between technology, race, and education, and illuminate the realistic impact that the Internet has had on persons of African descent in the United States and Trinidad. Discusses the digital divide among U.S. racial/ethnic groups and across countries and the social and political implications of the…

Accurate evaluation of exchange fields in finite element micromagnetic solvers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, R.; Escobar, M. A.; Li, S.; Lubarda, M. V.; Lomakin, V.

2012-04-01

Quadratic basis functions (QBFs) are implemented for solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation via the finite element method. This involves the introduction of a set of special testing functions compatible with the QBFs for evaluating the Laplacian operator. The results by using QBFs are significantly more accurate than those via linear basis functions. QBF approach leads to significantly more accurate results than conventionally used approaches based on linear basis functions. Importantly QBFs allow reducing the error of computing the exchange field by increasing the mesh density for structured and unstructured meshes. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility of the method.

Changes along a seawall and natural beaches: Fourchon, LA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mossa, Joann; Nakashima, Lindsay D.

1989-01-01

This paper compares shoreline and beach morphology changes and responses to storms from 1985 to 1988 along sections of a rapidly eroding coast at the Bayou Lafourche headland, Louisiana. A beach consisting of a cement-filled bag seawall and nourishment was compared with natural beaches to the west and east of the project. Local patterns of beach response could be attributed to several recent processes and historical conditions. Hurricane Gilbert, which made landfall in Mexico, caused about 70% of the sediment loss on both the artificially-stablized and the natural shorelines over this three-year period.

Power optimization of wireless media systems with space-time block codes.

PubMed

Yousefi'zadeh, Homayoun; Jafarkhani, Hamid; Moshfeghi, Mehran

2004-07-01

We present analytical and numerical solutions to the problem of power control in wireless media systems with multiple antennas. We formulate a set of optimization problems aimed at minimizing total power consumption of wireless media systems subject to a given level of QoS and an available bit rate. Our formulation takes into consideration the power consumption related to source coding, channel coding, and transmission of multiple-transmit antennas. In our study, we consider Gauss-Markov and video source models, Rayleigh fading channels along with the Bernoulli/Gilbert-Elliott loss models, and space-time block codes.

Ultrafast spin dynamics and switching via spin transfer torque in antiferromagnets with weak ferromagnetism

PubMed Central

Kim, Tae Heon; Grünberg, Peter; Han, Song Hee; Cho, Beongki

2016-01-01

The spin-torque driven dynamics of antiferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) were investigated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic order parameters (l and m, respectively). We demonstrate that antiferromagnets including DMI can be described by a 2-dimensional pendulum model of l. Because m is coupled with l, together with DMI and exchange energy, close examination of m provides fundamental understanding of its dynamics in linear and nonlinear regimes. Furthermore, we discuss magnetization reversal as a function of DMI and anisotropy energy induced by a spin current pulse. PMID:27713522

Rad50S alleles of the Mre11 complex: questions answered and questions raised.

PubMed

Usui, Takehiko; Petrini, John H J; Morales, Monica

2006-08-15

We find that Rad50S mutations in yeast and mammals exhibit constitutive PIKK (PI3-kinase like kinase)-dependent signaling [T. Usui, H. Ogawa, J.H. Petrini, A DNA damage response pathway controlled by Tel1 and the Mre11 complex. Mol. Cell 7 (2001) 1255-1266.; M. Morales, J.W. Theunissen, C.F. Kim, R. Kitagawa, M.B. Kastan, J.H. Petrini, The Rad50S allele promotes ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and suppresses ATM deficiency: implications for the Mre11 complex as a DNA damage sensor. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 3043-4354.]. The signaling depends on Mre11 complex functions, consistent with its role as a DNA damage sensor. Rad50S is distinct from hypomorphic mutations of Mre11 and Nbs1 in mammals [M. Morales, J.W. Theunissen, C.F. Kim, R. Kitagawa, M.B. Kastan, J.H. Petrini, The Rad50S allele promotes ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and suppresses ATM deficiency: implications for the Mre11 complex as a DNA damage sensor. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 3043-3054.; J.P. Carney, R.S. Maser, H. Olivares, E.M. Davis, Le M. Beau, J.R. Yates, III, L. Hays, W.F. Morgan, J.H. Petrini, The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response. Cell 93 (1998) 477-486.; G.S. Stewart, R.S. Maser, T. Stankovic, D.A. Bressan, M.I. Kaplan, N.G. Jaspers, A. Raams, P.J. Byrd, J.H. Petrini, A.M. Taylor, The DNA double-strand break repair gene hMRE11 is mutated in individuals with an ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder. Cell 99 (1999) 577-587.; B.R. Williams, O.K. Mirzoeva, W.F. Morgan, J. Lin, W. Dunnick, J.H. Petrini, A murine model of nijmegen breakage syndrome. Curr. Biol. 12 (2002) 648-653.; J.W. Theunissen, M.I. Kaplan, P.A. Hunt, B.R. Williams, D.O. Ferguson, F.W. Alt, J.H. Petrini, Checkpoint failure and chromosomal instability without lymphomagenesis in Mre11(ATLD1/ATLD1) mice. Mol. Cell 12 (2003) 1511-1523.] and the Mre11 complex deficiency in yeast [T. Usui, H. Ogawa, J.H. Petrini, A DNA damage response pathway controlled by Tel1 and the Mre11 complex. Mol. Cell 7 (2001) 1255-1266.; D'D. Amours, S.P. Jackson, The yeast Xrs2 complex functions in S phase checkpoint regulation. Genes Dev. 15 (2001) 2238-49. ; M. Grenon, C. Gilbert, N.F. Lowndes, Checkpoint activation in response to double-strand breaks requires the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex. Nat. Cell Biol. 3 (2001) 844-847. ] where the signaling is compromised. Herein, we describe evidence for chronic signaling by Rad50S and discuss possible mechanisms.

Loss-less propagation, elastic and inelastic interaction of electromagnetic soliton in an anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senthil Kumar, V.; Kavitha, L.; Boopathy, C.; Gopi, D.

2017-10-01

Nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic solitons leads to a plethora of interesting physical phenomena in the diverse area of science that include magneto-optics based data storage industry. We investigate the nonlinear magnetization dynamics of a one-dimensional anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire. The famous Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG) describes the magnetization dynamics of the ferromagnetic nanowire and the Maxwell's equations govern the propagation dynamics of electromagnetic wave passing through the axis of the nanowire. We perform a uniform expansion of magnetization and magnetic field along the direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave in the framework of reductive perturbation method. The excitation of magnetization of the nanowire is restricted to the normal plane at the lowest order of perturbation and goes out of plane for higher orders. The dynamics of the ferromagnetic nanowire is governed by the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation and the perturbed modified Korteweg-de Vries (pmKdV) equation for the lower and higher values of damping respectively. We invoke the Hirota bilinearization procedure to mKdV and pmKdV equation to construct the multi-soliton solutions, and explicitly analyze the nature of collision phenomena of the co-propagating EM solitons for the above mentioned lower and higher values of Gilbert-damping due to the precessional motion of the ferromagnetic spin. The EM solitons appearing in the higher damping regime exhibit elastic collision thus yielding the fascinating state restoration property, whereas those of lower damping regime exhibit inelastic collision yielding the solitons of suppressed intensity profiles. The propagation of EM soliton in the nanoscale magnetic wire has potential technological applications in optimizing the magnetic storage devices and magneto-electronics.

Ion irradiation-induced easy-cone anisotropy in double-MgO free layers for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teixeira, B. M. S.; Timopheev, A. A.; Caçoilo, N. F. F.; Auffret, S.; Sousa, R. C.; Dieny, B.; Alves, E.; Sobolev, N. A.

2018-05-01

We have used the ferromagnetic resonance in the X-band (9.37 GHz) to investigate the effect of 400 keV Ar+ irradiation on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and Gilbert damping parameter, α, of double-MgO free layers designed for application in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions. The samples comprised a MgO/Fe72Co8B20/X(0.2 nm)/Fe72Co8B20/MgO layer stack, where X stands for an ultrathin Ta or W spacer. Samples with two different total FeCoB layer thicknesses, tFCB = 3.0 nm and tFCB = 2.6 nm, were irradiated with ion fluences ranging from 1012 cm-2 to 1016 cm-2. The effective first-order PMA field, BK1, decreased nearly linearly with the logarithm of the fluence for both FeCoB thicknesses and spacer elements. The decrease in BK1, which is likely caused by an ion-induced intermixing at the FeCoB/MgO interfaces, resulted in a reorientation of the magnetization of the free layers with tFCB = 2.6 nm, initially exhibiting a perpendicular easy-axis anisotropy. For intermediate fluences, 1013 cm-2 and 1014 cm-2, easy-cone states with different cone angles could be induced in the free layer with a W spacer. Importantly, no corresponding increase in the Gilbert damping was observed. This study shows that ion irradiation can be used to tune the easy-cone anisotropy in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions, which is interesting for spintronic applications such as spin-torque magnetic memory devices, oscillators, and sensors.

Geomorphology and failure history of the earthquake-induced Farmington Siding landslide complex, Davis County, Utah

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lowe, M.; Harty, K.M.

1993-04-01

The Farmington Siding landslide complex covers an area of 19.5 km[sup 2] in central Davis County. First identified and mapped in the 1970s, the feature was classified by previous researchers as a liquefaction-induced lateral spread based on surface geomorphology and exposures on the landslide complex. This was the first landslide in Utah to be attributed to earthquake-induced liquefaction. Geomorphic and geologic evidence indicate that the Farmington Sliding landslide complex likely consists of liquefaction-induced landslides that failed by means of both flow failure and lateral spreading. The landslide complex is located in an area underlain primarily by fine-grained deposits of Pleistocenemore » Lake Bonneville and Holocene Great Salt Lake. Geomorphic features of the landslide complex include main and minor scarps, hummocks, closed depressions, and transverse lineaments. The main scarp consists mostly of a series of arcuate scallops near the left flank of the landslide, but it is a relatively linear, single scarp near the right flank of the landslide. Hummocks and closed depressions are most common near the head region of the landslide complex. Failure of the Farmington Sliding landslide complex has occurred at least twice. The older, distal portion of the landslide complex is cut by the Gilbert shoreline of the Bonneville lake cycle, indicating that landsliding occurred more than 10,000 years ago. In the younger portion of the landslide complex, landsliding has disrupted the Gilbert shoreline. Radiocarbon age estimates from trenches on a hummock near the main scarp of the younger landslide indicate that slope failure occurred sometime between about 2,730 [+-] 370 cal. yr B.P. and 4,530 [+-] 300 cal. yr B.P., possibly during the penultimate or antepenultimate surface-faulting earthquake on the Weber segment of the Wasatch fault zone.« less

Controlled, cross-sectional MRI evaluation of joint status in severe haemophilia A patients treated with prophylaxis vs. on demand

PubMed Central

Oldenburg, J; Zimmermann, R; Katsarou, O; Theodossiades, G; Zanon, E; Niemann, B; Kellermann, E; Lundin, B

2015-01-01

In patients with haemophilia A, factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis reduces bleeding frequency and joint damage compared with on-demand therapy. To assess the effect of prophylaxis initiation age, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate bone and cartilage damage in patients with severe haemophilia A. In this cross-sectional, multinational investigation, patients aged 12–35 years were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: primary prophylaxis started at age <2 years (group 1); secondary prophylaxis started at age 2 to <6 years (group 2), 6 to <12 years (group 3), or 12−18 years (group 4); or on-demand treatment (group 5). Joint status at ankles and knees was assessed using Compatible Additive MRI scoring (maximum and mean ankle; maximum and mean of all 4 joints) and Gilbert scores in the per-protocol population (n = 118). All prophylaxis groups had better MRI joint scores than the on-demand group. MRI scores generally increased with current patient age and later start of prophylaxis. Ankles were the most affected joints. In group 1 patients currently aged 27−35 years, the median of maximum ankle scores was 0.0; corresponding values in groups 4 and 5 were 17.0 and 18.0, respectively [medians of mean index joint scores: 0.0 (group 1), 8.1 (group 2) and 13.8 (group 4)]. Gilbert scores revealed outcomes less pronounced than MRI scores. MRI scores identified pathologic joint status with high sensitivity. Prophylaxis groups had lower annualized joint bleeds and MRI scores vs. the on-demand group. Primary prophylaxis demonstrated protective effects against joint deterioration compared with secondary prophylaxis. PMID:25470205

Haemophilia in Poland.

PubMed

Windyga, J; Lopaciuk, S; Stefanska, E; Juszynski, A; Wozniak, D; Strzelecki, O; Szczepanik, A B

2006-01-01

The primary aim of this study was to analyse the data on 2269 haemophilic patients in the Polish National Register of Inherited Bleeding Disorders -- 1953 haemophilia A patients and 316 haemophilia B patients. Haemophilia A occurred in 1512 families, haemophilia B in 240 families. In the majority of haemophilia A and B cases severe haemophilia prevailed (59.7% and 56.6% respectively). In about 50% of haemophilic patients, no family history of bleeding diathesis was reported. For haemophilia A patients the mean age was 30.9 years and for haemophilia B patients, 29.2 years. Prevalence of haemophilia in Poland is approximately 1:12 300 inhabitants (1:5600 males). The second aim was to describe the orthopaedic status of severe haemophilia patients and to relate this status to the type of replacement therapy they received prior to the study. Ninety-two severe haemophilia patients (median age 26.0 years) were enrolled in the study. Right and left knee, elbow and ankle joints were evaluated clinically using the Gilbert scale. X-ray examinations were evaluated according to the Pettersson scale. Knee joints proved to be most affected. Eighty-four patients (91.3%) reported pain. Only one scored 0 on the Gilbert scale, another on the Pettersson scale. Thirty-seven per cent of patients used orthopaedic equipment, either occasionally or constantly. Twenty-five per cent had a history of orthopaedic surgery. Thirty-eight per cent were unemployed with some form of social subvention. On-demand treatment was applied. None of the patients received primary prophylaxis. The mean consumption of clotting factor concentrates was 68 054 IU per patient during the 12 months prior to the current study. These results indicate that in Poland all severe haemophilia patients above 20 years are affected by haemophilic arthropathy.

Development of a new DHPLC assay for genotyping UGT1A (TA)n polymorphism associated with Gilbert's syndrome.

PubMed

Mlakar, Simona Jurkovic; Ostanek, Barbara

2011-01-01

Gilbert's syndrome is the most common hereditary disorder of bilirubin metabolism. The causative mutation in Caucasians is almost exclusively a (TA) dinucleotide insertion in the UGT1A1 promoter. Affected individuals are homozygous for the variant promoter and have 7 TA repeats instead of 6. Promoters with 5 and 8 TA repeats also exist but are extremely rare in Caucasians. The aim of our study was to develop denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) assay for genotyping UGT1A1(TA)n polymorphism and to compare it with a previously described single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay. Fifty DNA samples with common genotypes ((TA)6/6, (TA)6/7, (TA)7/7) as well as 7 samples with one of the following rare genotypes- (TA)5/6, (TA)5/7, (TA)6/8 or (TA)7/8 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by DHPLC using sizing mode. All samples were previously genotyped by SSCP assay which was validated by sequencing analysis. All samples with either common or rare genotypes showed completely concordant results between DHPLC and SSCP assays. Our results show that sizing DHPLC assay is more efficient compared to classical SSCP assay due to shorter time of genotyping analysis, ability of genotyping increased number of samples per day, higher robustness, reproducibility and cost-effectiveness with no loss of accuracy in detection of all UGT1A1(TA)n genotypes. We developed a new DHPLC assay which is suitable for accurate, automated, highthroughput, robust genotyping of all UGT1A1(TA)n polymorphism variants, compared to a labour intensive and time-consuming SSCP assay.

Genetic susceptibility to Gilbert's syndrome in a valencian population; efficacy of the fasting test.

PubMed

Torres, A K; Escartín, N; Monzó, C; Guzmán, C; Ferrer, I; González-Muñoz, C; Peña, P; Monzó, V; Marcaida, G; Rodríguez-López, R

To describe the populational distribution of the UGT1A1*28 variant (genetic variant code rs8175347) located in the promotor of the UGT gene and correlate its genotypes with the results of the fasting test, as well as its relationship with the biochemical disorder of Gilbert's syndrome (GS) in a Valencian population. We studied the prevalence of the genotypes (TA) 6/6 (TA) 6/7 and (TA) 7/7 of the deleterious variant rs8175347 in 144 patients with hyperbilirubinemia, 38 of whom had previously undergone the fasting test to diagnose GS, and in 150 control patients. By analysing the genomic region of the TATA box of the UGT1A1 gene promotor using Sanger sequencing, we established the correlation between the rs8175347 genotypes and the fasting test results and with the patients' biochemical disorders. The rate of heterozygosity of allele (TA) 7 in the control population was 32% and increased to 87.59% among the patients with suspected GS. The rate of genotype TA 7/7 was 81.94% among the patients with hyperbilirubinemia, compared with 11.33% in the control patients. The fasting test showed a 15.79% rate of false negatives and a 5.26% rate of false positives. The high frequency of allele (TA) 7 among the Valencian control population, almost double the 5% reported for European control patients, confirms the high rate of GS reported in the Spanish population, without observing significant differences between the geographical ends of the country. The efficacy and reliability of the fasting test for the diagnosis of GS is questionable. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.

A Model of How Different Biology Experts Explain Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

PubMed Central

Trujillo, Caleb M.; Anderson, Trevor R.; Pelaez, Nancy J.

2015-01-01

Constructing explanations is an essential skill for all science learners. The goal of this project was to model the key components of expert explanation of molecular and cellular mechanisms. As such, we asked: What is an appropriate model of the components of explanation used by biology experts to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms? Do explanations made by experts from different biology subdisciplines at a university support the validity of this model? Guided by the modeling framework of R. S. Justi and J. K. Gilbert, the validity of an initial model was tested by asking seven biologists to explain a molecular mechanism of their choice. Data were collected from interviews, artifacts, and drawings, and then subjected to thematic analysis. We found that biologists explained the specific activities and organization of entities of the mechanism. In addition, they contextualized explanations according to their biological and social significance; integrated explanations with methods, instruments, and measurements; and used analogies and narrated stories. The derived methods, analogies, context, and how themes informed the development of our final MACH model of mechanistic explanations. Future research will test the potential of the MACH model as a guiding framework for instruction to enhance the quality of student explanations. PMID:25999313

Model for temperature-dependent magnetization of nanocrystalline materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bian, Q.; Niewczas, M.

2015-01-01

A magnetization model of nanocrystalline materials incorporating intragrain anisotropies, intergrain interactions, and texture effects has been extended to include the thermal fluctuations. The method relies on the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert theory of magnetization dynamics and permits to study the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline materials at arbitrary temperature below the Currie temperature. The model has been used to determine the intergrain exchange constant and grain boundary anisotropy constant of nanocrystalline Ni at 100 K and 298 K. It is found that the thermal fluctuations suppress the strength of the intergrain exchange coupling and also reduce the grain boundary anisotropy. In comparison with its value at 2 K, the interparticle exchange constant decreases by 16% and 42% and the grain boundary anisotropy constant decreases by 28% and 40% at 100 K and 298 K, respectively. An application of the model to study the grain size-dependent magnetization indicates that when the thermal activation energy is comparable to the free energy of grains, the decrease in the grain size leads to the decrease in the magnetic permeability and saturation magnetization. The mechanism by which the grain size influences the magnetic properties of nc-Ni is discussed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tang, Chi; Aldosary, Mohammed; Jiang, Zilong

A layer-by-layer epitaxial growth up to 227 atomic layers of ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films is achieved on (110)-oriented gadolinium gallium garnet substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Atomically smooth terraces are observed on YIG films up to 100 nm in thickness. The root-mean-square roughness is as low as 0.067 nm. The easy-axis lies in the film plane, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. For (110)-YIG films, there is well-defined two-fold in-plane anisotropy, with the easiest axis directed along [001]. The Gilbert damping constant is determined to be 1.0 × 10{sup −4} for 100 nm thick films.

magnum.fe: A micromagnetic finite-element simulation code based on FEniCS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abert, Claas; Exl, Lukas; Bruckner, Florian; Drews, André; Suess, Dieter

2013-11-01

We have developed a finite-element micromagnetic simulation code based on the FEniCS package called magnum.fe. Here we describe the numerical methods that are applied as well as their implementation with FEniCS. We apply a transformation method for the solution of the demagnetization-field problem. A semi-implicit weak formulation is used for the integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Numerical experiments show the validity of simulation results. magnum.fe is open source and well documented. The broad feature range of the FEniCS package makes magnum.fe a good choice for the implementation of novel micromagnetic finite-element algorithms.

Micromagnetic simulation study of a disordered model for one-dimensional granular perovskite manganite oxide nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longone, P.; Romá, F.

2018-06-01

Chemical techniques are an efficient method to synthesize one-dimensional perovskite manganite oxide nanostructures with a granular morphology, that is, formed by arrays of monodomain magnetic nanoparticles. Integrating the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we simulate the dynamics of a simple disordered model for such materials that only takes into account the morphological characteristics of their nanograins. We show that it is possible to describe reasonably well experimental hysteresis loops reported in the literature for single La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanotubes and powders of these nanostructures, simulating small systems consisting of only 100 nanoparticles.

Composition, Distribution and Abundance of Anthropogenic Marine Debris in Northwest Atlantic Submarine Canyons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heyl, T. P.; Nizinski, M. S.; Kinlan, B. P.; Shank, T. M.

2016-02-01

Submarine canyons are important productive habitats in the deep-sea, as well as downslope conduits for transporting sediment and organic material that enhances local and regional species diversity, including species and ecosystems vulnerable to anthropogenic activities. In 2012 and 2013, we documented and characterized deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems in virtually unexplored northeast and mid-Atlantic canyons using WHOI's TowCam towed imaging system on the FSV Bigelow. Specifically, thirty-eight digital image TowCam surveys were completed in 10 canyons, with more than 91,000 images documenting not only deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems and habitat features, but also anthropogenic debris. Canyons surveyed cover most of the latitudinal range of the northeast US region and include Toms Canyon complex, Ryan, Veatch, Gilbert, Powell, and Munson canyons. Each of these canyon hosted debris across depths of 550 to 2100m, consisting mostly of fisheries equipment, including fishing lines, traps, and nets. Potentially-land-based debris (e.g., plastic bags and magazines) was also present in all canyons surveyed. These substrates likely enhance colonization and often served as habitat for specific sessile and mobile species. Comparisons of debris in these canyons revealed depth-related differences, likely due to offshore extent of fishing activities, and will be compared to density and abundances of other deep-sea environments. The occurrence of anthropogenic debris on Northeast US canyon floors suggests major sources via transport ship and fishing-related activities and perhaps the rapid transport of debris through near-shore zones and entrainment in bottom currents.

A Population-based Case–Control Study of Urinary Arsenic Species and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in New Hampshire, USA

PubMed Central

Li, Zhigang; Perry, Ann E.; Spencer, Steven K.; Gandolfi, A. Jay; Karagas, Margaret R.

2013-01-01

Background: Chronic high arsenic exposure is associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, and inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites may play an important role in this association. However, little is known about the carcinogenicity of arsenic at levels commonly observed in the United States. Objective: We estimated associations between total urinary arsenic and arsenic species and SCC in a U.S. population. Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control SCC study (470 cases, 447 controls) in a U.S. region with moderate arsenic exposure through private well water and diet. We measured urinary iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and summed these arsenic species (ΣAs). Because seafood contains arsenolipids and arsenosugars that metabolize into DMA through alternate pathways, participants who reported seafood consumption within 2 days before urine collection were excluded from the analyses. Results: In adjusted logistic regression analyses (323 cases, 319 controls), the SCC odds ratio (OR) was 1.37 for each ln-transformed microgram per liter increase in ln-transformed ΣAs concentration [ln(ΣAs)] (95% CI: 1.04, 1.80). Urinary ln(MMA) and ln(DMA) also were positively associated with SCC (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.71 and OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.74, respectively). A similar trend was observed for ln(iAs) (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.49). Percent iAs, MMA, and DMA were not associated with SCC. Conclusions: These results suggest that arsenic exposure at levels common in the United States relates to SCC and that arsenic metabolism ability does not modify the association. Citation: Gilbert-Diamond D, Li Z, Perry AE, Spencer SK, Gandolfi AJ, Karagas MR. 2013. A population-based case–control study of urinary arsenic species and squamous cell carcinoma in New Hampshire, USA. Environ Health Perspect 121:1154–1160; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206178 PMID:23872349

Magnetostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and stable isotope stratigraphy of an Upper Miocene drill core from the Salé Briqueterie (northwestern Morocco): A high-resolution chronology for the Messinian stage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodell, David A.; Benson, Richard H.; Kent, Dennis V.; Boersma, Anne; Rakic-El Bied, Kruna

1994-12-01

We report a high-resolution stable isotope, carbonate, magnetostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic record from a 175-m drill core from the Salé Briqueterie, which is part of the Bou Regreg section in northwestern Morocco. The Salé drill core spans the interval from paleomagnetic Chron C4n partim to C3r (earliest Gilbert), which represents the time leading up to and including the isolation and desiccation of the Mediterranean (i.e., the Messinian salinity crisis). During Chrons C3An and C3Ar (6.935 to 5.894 Ma) the isotope and carbonate signals display quasi-periodic variations with estimated periods of 40 and 100 kyr, respectively. We interpret the 40-kyr δ18O variations as reflecting changes in global ice volume caused by obliquity-induced changes (41 kyr) in solar insolation in polar regions. The 100-kyr carbonate variations probably represent long-term modulation of the amplitude of the precessional cycle (˜21 kyr), which is not resolved by our sampling frequency. The cyclic nature of the oxygen isotope signal permits us to extend the isotope nomenclature of Shackleton et al. (1994a) from stage TG24 in Chron C3r (earliest Gilbert) to stage C3Ar.δ18O.18 at the base of Chron C3Ar (6.935 Ma). A major change in paleoceanographic conditions is recorded across the Tortonian/Messinian boundary, which we correlate to Chron C3Bn at 7.04 Ma. Benthic foraminiferal δ18O values increased by an average of 0.4‰ in two steps at 7.17 Ma and 6.8 Ma and δ13C values decreased by 0.7-0.8‰ between 7.1 and 6.8 Ma, representing the late Miocene carbon shift. The first step in δ18O values coincides with an inferred reversal in deep water circulation through the Rifian Corridor, and the second correlates with the base of the Tripoli Formation and onset of "crisis conditions" in the Mediterranean. We suggest that the increase in δ18O values represents, at least in part, an increase in global ice volume that lowered sea level and contributed to the establishment of a negative water budget in the Mediterranean. Average δ18O values remained high throughout most of Chrons C3Ar and C3An, reaching maximum δ18O values during isotope stages TG20 and 22 in Chron C3r (earliest Gilbert). The glacio-eustatic falls associated with these events may have resulted in the complete isolation of the Mediterranean from the world ocean (Shackleton et al., 1994a). Following stage TG12 in the Salé record, there exists a trend toward progressively lower δ18O values that may represent a series of marine transgressions that eventually reflooded the Mediterranean and ended the Salinity Crisis.

Nanometer-Thick Yttrium Iron Garnet Film Development and Spintronics-Related Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Houchen

In the last decade, there has been a considerable interest in using yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) materials for magnetic insulator-based spintronics studies. This interest derives from the fact that YIG materials have very low intrinsic damping. The development of YIG-based spintronics demands YIG films that have a thickness in the nanometer (nm) range and at the same time exhibit low damping similar to single-crystal YIG bulk materials. This dissertation reports comprehensive experimental studies on nm-thick YIG films by magnetron sputtering techniques. Optimization of sputtering control parameters and post-deposition annealing processes are discussed in detail. The feasibility of low-damping YIG nm-thick film growth via sputtering is demonstrated. A 22.3-nm-thick YIG film, for example, shows a Gilbert damping constant of less than 1.0 x 10-4. The demonstration is of great technological significance because sputtering is a thin film growth technique most widely used in industry. The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) refers to the generation of spin voltage in a ferromagnet (FM) due to a temperature gradient. The spin voltage can produce a pure spin current into a normal metal (NM) that is in contact with the FM. Various theoretical models have been proposed to interpret the SSE, although a complete understanding of the effect has not been realized yet. In this dissertation the study of the role of damping on the SSE in YIG thin films is conducted for the first time. With the thin film development method mentioned in the last paragraph, a series of YIG thin films showing very similar structural and static magnetic properties but rather different Gilbert damping values were prepared. A Pt capping layer was grown on each YIG film to probe the strength of the SSE. The experimental data show that the YIG films with a smaller intrinsic Gilbert damping shows a stronger SSE. The majority of the previous studies on YIG spintronics utilized YIG films that were grown on single-crystal Gd3Ga5O 12 (GGG) substrates first and then capped with either a thin NM layer or a thin topological insulator (TI) layer. The use of the GGG substrates is crucial in terms of realizing high-quality YIG films, because GGG not only has a crystalline structure almost perfectly matching that of YIG but is also extremely stable at high temperature in oxygen that is the condition needed for YIG crystallization. The feasibility of growing high-quality YIG thin films on Pt thin films is explored in this dissertation. This work is of great significance because it enables the fabrication of sandwich-like NM/YIG/NM or NM/YIG/TI structures. Such tri-layered structures will facilitate various interesting fundamental studies as well as device developments. The demonstration of a magnon-mediated electric current drag phenomenon is presented as an example for such tri-layered structures.

Distinct Modulations of Human Capsaicin Receptor by Protons and Magnesium through Different Domains*

PubMed Central

Wang, Shu; Poon, Kinning; Oswald, Robert E.; Chuang, Huai-hu

2010-01-01

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel that integrates multiple painful stimuli, including capsaicin, protons, and heat. Protons facilitate the capsaicin- and heat-induced currents by decreasing thermal threshold or increasing agonist potency for TRPV1 activation (Tominaga, M., Caterina, M. J., Malmberg, A. B., Rosen, T. A., Gilbert, H., Skinner, K., Raumann, B. E., Basbaum, A. I., and Julius, D. (1998) Neuron 21, 531–543). In the presence of saturating capsaicin, rat TRPV1 (rTRPV1) reaches full activation, with no further stimulation by protons. Human TRPV1 (hTRPV1), a species ortholog with high homology to rTRPV1, is potentiated by extracellular protons and magnesium, even at saturating capsaicin. We investigated the structural basis for protons and magnesium modulation of fully capsaicin-bound human receptors. By analysis of chimeric channels between hTRPV1 and rTRPV1, we found that transmembrane domain 1–4 (TM1–4) of TRPV1 determines whether protons can further open the fully capsaicin-bound receptors. Mutational analysis identified a titratable glutamate residue (Glu-536) in the linker between TM3 and TM4 critical for further stimulation of fully liganded hTRPV1. In contrast, hTRPV1 TM5–6 is required for magnesium augmentation of capsaicin efficacy. Our results demonstrate that capsaicin efficacy of hTRPV1 correlates with the extracellular ion milieu and unravel the relevant structural basis of modulation by protons and magnesium. PMID:20145248

Convex Optimization over Classes of Multiparticle Entanglement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Jiangwei; Gühne, Otfried

2018-02-01

A well-known strategy to characterize multiparticle entanglement utilizes the notion of stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC), but characterizing the resulting entanglement classes is difficult. Given a multiparticle quantum state, we first show that Gilbert's algorithm can be adapted to prove separability or membership in a certain entanglement class. We then present two algorithms for convex optimization over SLOCC classes. The first algorithm uses a simple gradient approach, while the other one employs the accelerated projected-gradient method. For demonstration, the algorithms are applied to the likelihood-ratio test using experimental data on bound entanglement of a noisy four-photon Smolin state [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 130501 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.130501].

Verbal understanding: Integrating the conceptual analyses of Skinner, Ryle, and Wittgenstein.

PubMed

Schoneberger, T

1991-01-01

Gilbert Ryle's (1949) and Ludwig Wittgenstein's (1953; 1958; 1974/78) conceptual analyses of verbal understanding are presented. For Ryle, the term understanding signifies simultaneously an acquired disposition and a behavioral episode. For Wittgenstein, it signifies simultaneously a skill and a criterial behavior. Both argued that episodes of understanding comprise heterogenious classes of behaviors, and that each member of such a class is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition of understanding. Next, an approach integrating the analyses of Ryle and Wittgenstein with that of Skinner is presented. Lastly, it is argued that this integrated analysis adequately counters Parrott's (1984) argument that understanding, for Skinner, is potential behavior and not an event.

Verbal understanding: Integrating the conceptual analyses of Skinner, Ryle, and Wittgenstein

PubMed Central

Schoneberger, Ted

1991-01-01

Gilbert Ryle's (1949) and Ludwig Wittgenstein's (1953; 1958; 1974/78) conceptual analyses of verbal understanding are presented. For Ryle, the term understanding signifies simultaneously an acquired disposition and a behavioral episode. For Wittgenstein, it signifies simultaneously a skill and a criterial behavior. Both argued that episodes of understanding comprise heterogenious classes of behaviors, and that each member of such a class is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition of understanding. Next, an approach integrating the analyses of Ryle and Wittgenstein with that of Skinner is presented. Lastly, it is argued that this integrated analysis adequately counters Parrott's (1984) argument that understanding, for Skinner, is potential behavior and not an event. PMID:22477637

Entanglement manipulation by a magnetic pulse in Gd3N@C80 endohedral metallofullerenes on a Cu(0 0 1) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farberovich, Oleg V.; Gritzaenko, Vyacheslav S.

2018-04-01

In this paper we present the results of theoretical calculation of entanglement within a spin structure of Gd3N@C80 under the influence of rectangular impulses. Research is conducted using general spin Hamiltonian within SSNQ (spin system of N-qubits). The calculations of entanglement with various impulses are performed using the time-dependent Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with spin-spin correlation function. We show that long rectangular impulse (t = 850 ps) can be used for sustaining entanglement value. This allows us to offer a new algorithm which can be used to solve the problem of decoherence in the logical scheme optimization.

Coercivity of domain wall motion in thin films of amorphous rare earth-transition metal alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mansuripur, M.; Giles, R. C.; Patterson, G.

1991-01-01

Computer simulations of a two dimensional lattice of magnetic dipoles are performed on the Connection Machine. The lattice is a discrete model for thin films of amorphous rare-earth transition metal alloys, which have application as the storage media in erasable optical data storage systems. In these simulations, the dipoles follow the dynamic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation under the influence of an effective field arising from local anisotropy, near-neighbor exchange, classical dipole-dipole interactions, and an externally applied field. Various sources of coercivity, such as defects and/or inhomogeneities in the lattice, are introduced and the subsequent motion of domain walls in response to external fields is investigated.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, Q. L., E-mail: maqinli@gmail.com, E-mail: mizukami@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp; Miyazaki, T.; Mizukami, S., E-mail: maqinli@gmail.com, E-mail: mizukami@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp

The laser-induced spin dynamics of FeCo in perpendicularly magnetized L1{sub 0}-MnGa/FeCo bilayers with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling (IEC) are examined using the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. We found a precessional phase reversal of the FeCo layer as the IEC changes from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. Moreover, a precession-suspension window was observed when the magnetic field was applied in a certain direction for the bilayer with ferromagnetic IEC. Our observations reveal that the spin dynamics modulation is strongly dependent on the IEC type within the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert depiction. The IEC dependence of the precessional phase and amplitude suggests the interesting methodmore » for magnetization dynamics modulation.« less

Driving chiral domain walls in antiferromagnets using rotating magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Keming; Xing, Lingdi; Yuan, H. Y.; Wang, Weiwei

2018-05-01

We show theoretically and numerically that an antiferromagnetic domain wall can be moved by a rotating magnetic field in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Two motion modes are found: rigid domain wall motion at low frequency (corresponding to the perfect frequency synchronization) and the oscillating motion at high frequency. In the full synchronized region, the steady velocity of the domain wall is universal, in the sense that it depends only on the frequency of the rotating field and the ratio between DMI strength and exchange constant. The domain wall velocity is independent of the Gilbert damping and the rotating field strength. Moreover, a rotating field in megahertz is sufficient to move the antiferromagnetic domain wall.

Role of phase breaking processes on resonant spin transfer torque nano-oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Abhishek; Tulapurkar, Ashwin A.; Muralidharan, Bhaskaran

2018-05-01

Spin transfer torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) based on magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque effects find potential applications in miniaturized wireless communication devices. Using the non-coherent non-equilibrium Green's function spin transport formalism self-consistently coupled with the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski's equation and the Poisson's equation, we elucidate the role of elastic phase breaking on the proposed STNO design featuring double barrier resonant tunneling. Demonstrating the immunity of our proposed design, we predict that despite the presence of elastic dephasing, the resonant tunneling magnetic tunnel junction structures facilitate oscillator designs featuring a large enhancement in microwave power up to 8μW delivered to a 50Ω load.

An estimate for the thermal photon rate from lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandt, Bastian B.; Francis, Anthony; Harris, Tim; Meyer, Harvey B.; Steinberg, Aman

2018-03-01

We estimate the production rate of photons by the quark-gluon plasma in lattice QCD. We propose a new correlation function which provides better control over the systematic uncertainty in estimating the photon production rate at photon momenta in the range πT/2 to 2πT. The relevant Euclidean vector current correlation functions are computed with Nf = 2 Wilson clover fermions in the chirally-symmetric phase. In order to estimate the photon rate, an ill-posed problem for the vector-channel spectral function must be regularized. We use both a direct model for the spectral function and a modelindependent estimate from the Backus-Gilbert method to give an estimate for the photon rate.

Characterization of spin pumping effect in Permalloy/Cu/Pt microfabricated lateral devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamamoto, Tatsuya, E-mail: tyamamoto@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; Seki, Takeshi; Takanashi, Koki

2014-05-07

We studied ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) for microfabricated lateral devices consisting of a Permalloy (Py) rectangular element and a Pt nano-element bridged by a Cu wire, which were located on a coplanar waveguide. A change in the resonance linewidth (Δf) was observed in the FMR spectra when the distance between Py and Pt (d) was varied. For devices with d < 400 nm, Δf definitely increased, suggesting the enhancement of the Gilbert damping constant (α). We discussed a possible reason for the this enhancement taking into account the increase in the efficiency of spin pumping into Cu due to the spin absorption of themore » attached Pt.« less

Drosophila DH31 Neuropeptide and PDF Receptor Regulate Night-Onset Temperature Preference

PubMed Central

Goda, Tadahiro; Tang, Xin; Umezaki, Yujiro; Chu, Michelle L.

2016-01-01

Body temperature exhibits rhythmic fluctuations over a 24 h period (Refinetti and Menaker, 1992) and decreases during the night, which is associated with sleep initiation (Gilbert et al., 2004; Kräuchi, 2007a,b). However, the underlying mechanism of this temperature decrease is largely unknown. We have previously shown that Drosophila exhibit a daily temperature preference rhythm (TPR), in which their preferred temperatures increase during the daytime and then decrease at the transition from day to night (night-onset) (Kaneko et al., 2012). Because Drosophila are small ectotherms, their body temperature is very close to that of the ambient temperature (Stevenson, 1985), suggesting that their TPR generates their body temperature rhythm. Here, we demonstrate that the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) contribute to regulate the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. We show that PDFR and tethered-DH31 expression in dorsal neurons 2 (DN2s) restore the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset, suggesting that DH31 acts on PDFR in DN2s. Notably, we previously showed that the molecular clock in DN2s is important for TPR. Although PDF (another ligand of PDFR) is a critical factor for locomotor activity rhythms, Pdf mutants exhibit normal preferred temperature decreases at night-onset. This suggests that DH31-PDFR signaling specifically regulates a preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. Thus, we propose that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are differentially controlled not only by clock neurons but also by neuropeptide signaling in the brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Body temperature rhythm (BTR) is fundamental for the maintenance of functions essential for homeostasis, such as generating metabolic energy and sleep. One major unsolved question is how body temperature decreases dramatically during the night. Previously, we demonstrated that a BTR-like mechanism, referred to as temperature preference rhythm (TPR), exists in Drosophila. Here, we demonstrate that the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) neuropeptide and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) regulate preferred temperature decreases at night-onset via dorsal neurons 2. This is the first in vivo evidence that DH31 could function as a ligand of PDFR. Although both DH31 and PDF are ligands of PDFR, we show that DH31 regulates night-onset TPR, but PDF does not, suggesting that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are controlled by different neuropeptides via different clock cells. PMID:27852781

Drosophila DH31 Neuropeptide and PDF Receptor Regulate Night-Onset Temperature Preference.

PubMed

Goda, Tadahiro; Tang, Xin; Umezaki, Yujiro; Chu, Michelle L; Kunst, Michael; Nitabach, Michael N; Hamada, Fumika N

2016-11-16

Body temperature exhibits rhythmic fluctuations over a 24 h period (Refinetti and Menaker, 1992) and decreases during the night, which is associated with sleep initiation (Gilbert et al., 2004; Kräuchi, 2007a,b). However, the underlying mechanism of this temperature decrease is largely unknown. We have previously shown that Drosophila exhibit a daily temperature preference rhythm (TPR), in which their preferred temperatures increase during the daytime and then decrease at the transition from day to night (night-onset) (Kaneko et al., 2012). Because Drosophila are small ectotherms, their body temperature is very close to that of the ambient temperature (Stevenson, 1985), suggesting that their TPR generates their body temperature rhythm. Here, we demonstrate that the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) contribute to regulate the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. We show that PDFR and tethered-DH31 expression in dorsal neurons 2 (DN2s) restore the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset, suggesting that DH31 acts on PDFR in DN2s. Notably, we previously showed that the molecular clock in DN2s is important for TPR. Although PDF (another ligand of PDFR) is a critical factor for locomotor activity rhythms, Pdf mutants exhibit normal preferred temperature decreases at night-onset. This suggests that DH31-PDFR signaling specifically regulates a preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. Thus, we propose that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are differentially controlled not only by clock neurons but also by neuropeptide signaling in the brain. Body temperature rhythm (BTR) is fundamental for the maintenance of functions essential for homeostasis, such as generating metabolic energy and sleep. One major unsolved question is how body temperature decreases dramatically during the night. Previously, we demonstrated that a BTR-like mechanism, referred to as temperature preference rhythm (TPR), exists in Drosophila Here, we demonstrate that the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) neuropeptide and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) regulate preferred temperature decreases at night-onset via dorsal neurons 2. This is the first in vivo evidence that DH31 could function as a ligand of PDFR. Although both DH31 and PDF are ligands of PDFR, we show that DH31 regulates night-onset TPR, but PDF does not, suggesting that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are controlled by different neuropeptides via different clock cells. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/3611739-16$15.00/0.

Anomalously large ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in the Gd/Cr/Fe film plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Li; Zhang, Wen; Wong, Ping Kwan Johnny; Yin, Yuli; Jiang, Sheng; Huang, Zhaocong; Zhai, Ya; Yao, Zhongyu; Du, Jun; Sui, Yunxia; Zhai, Hongru

2018-04-01

As an important parameter for characterizing the magnetization dynamics, Gilbert damping constant α in a thin film or a multilayer is generally extracted from the linear fitting of the frequency-dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, sometimes accompanied with a tiny deviation of the linewidth to a smaller value at the low-frequency or high-frequency region due to the two-magnon scattering with an in-plane-field configuration, in which an in-plane magnetic field H perpendicular to a microwave field h was applied in film plane during measurement. In contrast, here we report, in ultrathin Gd/Cr/Fe multilayers, an anomalously large linewidth in the film plane at the low-frequency region. For the first time, we have successfully extracted the Gilbert damping constant from perfect theoretical fitting to the experimental data, by considering the effective direction of the magnetization around in precession staying out of the film plane when the in-pane H at which the precession starts is below the saturation field. This magnetization deviation from the film plane is found to have an obvious contribution to the enhanced linewidth caused by two magnon scattering, while slightly reduce the intrinsic linewidth. Under the same resonance frequency, the deviation angle reaches the maximum values at tCr = 1.0 nm while decreases when tCr increases to 1.5 nm, which coincides with the trend of the surface perpendicular anisotropy constant K⊥. A reduced intrinsic damping constant α is obtained as the introduction of Gd layer and Cr layer as a result of the competition between the spin pumping effect and the interfacial effects at the Fe/Gd and Fe/Cr interfaces. While the decreasing α for film with Cr layer thickness increasing to 1.5 nm might means the contribution of the electron density of states at the Fermi energy n(EF). This study offers an effective way to accurately obtain the intrinsic damping constant of spintronic materials/devices, which is essential for broad applications in spintronics.

Downstream lightening and upward heavying, sorting of sediments of uniform grain size but differing in density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viparelli, E.; Solari, L.; Hill, K. M.

2014-12-01

Downstream fining, i.e. the tendency for a gradual decrease in grain size in the downstream direction, has been observed and studied in alluvial rivers and in laboratory flumes. Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the vertical sorting pattern over a small Gilbert delta front is characterized by an upward fining profile, with preferential deposition of coarse particles in the lowermost part of the deposit. The present work is an attempt to answer the following questions. Are there analogous sorting patterns in mixtures of sediment particles having the same grain size but differing density? To investigate this, we performed experiments at the Hydrosystems Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. During the experiments a Gilbert delta formed and migrated downstream allowing for the study of transport and sorting processes on the surface and within the deposit. The experimental results show 1) preferential deposition of heavy particles in the upstream part of the deposit associated with a pattern of "downstream lightening"; and 2) a vertical sorting pattern over the delta front characterized by a pattern of "upward heavying" with preferential deposition of light particles in the lowermost part of the deposit. The observed downstream lightening is analogous of the downstream fining with preferential deposition of heavy (coarse) particles in the upstream part of the deposit. The observed upward heavying was unexpected because, considering the particle mass alone, the heavy (coarse) particles should have been preferentially deposited in the lowermost part of the deposit. Further, the application of classical fractional bedload transport relations suggests that in the case of mixtures of particles of uniform size and different densities equal mobility is not approached. We hypothesize that granular physics mechanisms traditionally associated with sheared granular flows may be responsible for the observed upward heavying and for the deviation from equal mobility.

Hillslope Soils and Life (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amundson, R.; Owen, J. J.; Heimsath, A. M.; Yoo, K.; Dietrich, W. E.

2013-12-01

That hillslope processes are impacted by biology has been long understood, but the complexities of the abiotic-biotic processes and their feedbacks are quantitatively emerging with the growing body of pertinent literature. The concept that plants modulate both the disaggregation and transport of soil particles on hillslopes was clearly articulated by G.K. Gilbert. Yet earlier, James Hutton (starting from very different intellectual boundary conditions) argued that soil, which results from the dynamic balance of rock destruction and removal, is a prerequisite for plants - a concept that underscores the need to more deeply examine the feedback of geomorphic processes on terrestrial ecosystems. We compiled the results of recent studies that have been conducted on gentle convex hillslopes across a broad range of rainfall. We found that vegetated landscapes appear to have strong controls on hillslope soil thickness, landscape denudation rates, and soil residence times. The restricted range in residence times - despite large differences in climate - appear in turn to sustain relatively high levels of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertility, suggesting ecological resilience and resistance to non-anthropogenic environmental perturbations. At the most arid end of Earth's climate vegetation disappears, but not all water. The loss of plants shifts soil erosion to abiotic processes, with a corresponding thinning or loss of the soil mantle. This reinforces the hypothesis that a planet without vegetation, but with a hydrologic cycle, would be largely devoid of soil-mantled hillslopes and would be driven toward hillslope morphologies that differ from the familiar convex-up forms of biotic landscapes. While our synthesis of the effects of vegetation on soil production and soil thickness provides a quantitative view of the suggestions of Gilbert, it also identifies that vegetation itself responds to the geomorphic processes, as believed by Hutton. There is a complex interplay between physical and biological processes on the Earth's surface that requires further elucidation in order to fully understand the ramifications of further climatic and physical alteration of our planet's surface.

Factor structure of a conceptual model of oral health tested among 65-year olds in Norway and Sweden.

PubMed

Astrøm, Anne Nordrehaug; Ekbäck, Gunnar; Ordell, Sven

2010-04-01

No studies have tested oral health-related quality of life models in dentate older adults across different populations. To test the factor structure of oral health outcomes within Gilbert's conceptual model among 65-year olds in Sweden and Norway. It was hypothesized that responses to 14 observed indicators could be explained by three correlated factors, symptom status, functional limitations and oral disadvantages, that each observed oral health indicator would associate more strongly with the factor it is supposed to measure than with competing factors and that the proposed 3-factor structure would possess satisfactory cross-national stability with 65-year olds in Norway and Sweden. In 2007, 6078 Swedish- and 4062 Norwegian adults borne in 1942 completed mailed questionnaires including oral symptoms, functional limitations and the eight item Oral Impacts on Daily Performances inventory. Model generation analysis was restricted to the Norwegian study group and the model achieved was tested without modifications in Swedish 65-year olds. A modified 3-factor solution with cross-loadings, improved the fit to the data compared with a 2-factor- and the initially proposed 3-factor model among the Norwegian [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97] and Swedish (CFI = 0.98) participants. All factor loadings for the modified 3-factor model were in the expected direction and were statistically significant at CR > 1. Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses, with Norwegian and Swedish data simultaneously revealed acceptable fit for the unconstrained model (CFI = 0.97), whereas unconstrained and constrained models were statistically significant different in nested model comparison. Within construct validity of Gilbert's model was supported with Norwegian and Swedish 65-year olds, indicating that the 14-item questionnaire reflected three constructs; symptom status, functional limitation and oral disadvantage. Measurement invariance was confirmed at the level of factor structure, suggesting that the 3-factor model is comparable to some extent across 65-year olds in Norway and Sweden.

Dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnet with spin-transfer torque

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zai-Dong; He, Peng-Bin; Liu, Wu-Ming

2014-11-01

We review our recent works on dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnet with spin-transfer torque. Driven by constant spin-polarized current, the spin-transfer torque counteracts both the precession driven by the effective field and the Gilbert damping term different from the common understanding. When the spin current exceeds the critical value, the conjunctive action of Gilbert damping and spin-transfer torque leads naturally the novel screw-pitch effect characterized by the temporal oscillation of domain wall velocity and width. Driven by space- and time-dependent spin-polarized current and magnetic field, we expatiate the formation of domain wall velocity in ferromagnetic nanowire. We discuss the properties of dynamic magnetic soliton in uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire driven by spin-transfer torque, and analyze the modulation instability and dark soliton on the spin wave background, which shows the characteristic breather behavior of the soliton as it propagates along the ferromagnetic nanowire. With stronger breather character, we get the novel magnetic rogue wave and clarify its formation mechanism. The generation of magnetic rogue wave mainly arises from the accumulation of energy and magnons toward to its central part. We also observe that the spin-polarized current can control the exchange rate of magnons between the envelope soliton and the background, and the critical current condition is obtained analytically. At last, we have theoretically investigated the current-excited and frequency-adjusted ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic trilayers. A particular case of the perpendicular analyzer reveals that the ferromagnetic resonance curves, including the resonant location and the resonant linewidth, can be adjusted by changing the pinned magnetization direction and the direct current. Under the control of the current and external magnetic field, several magnetic states, such as quasi-parallel and quasi-antiparallel stable states, out-of-plane precession, and bistable states can be realized. The precession frequency can be expressed as a function of the current and external magnetic field.

Organizational intellectual capital and the role of the nurse manager: A proposed conceptual model.

PubMed

Gilbert, Jason H; Von Ah, Diane; Broome, Marion E

Nurse managers must leverage both the human capital and social capital of the teams they lead in order to produce quality outcomes. Little is known about the relationship between human capital and social capital and how these concepts may work together to produce organizational outcomes through leadership of nurses. The purpose of this article was to explore the concepts of human capital and social capital as they relate to nursing leadership in health care organizations. Specific aims included (a) to synthesize the literature related to human capital and social capital in leadership, (b) to refine the conceptual definitions of human capital and social capital with associated conceptual antecedents and consequences, and (c) to propose a synthesized conceptual model guiding further empirical research of social capital and human capital in nursing leadership. A systematic integrative review of leadership literature using criteria informed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was completed. CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Premier, Health Business FullTEXT, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO databases were searched for the years 1995 to 2016 using terms "human capital," "social capital," and "management." Analysis of conceptual definitions, theoretical and conceptual models, antecedents and consequences, propositions or hypotheses, and empirical support for 37 articles fitting review criteria resulted in the synthesis of the proposed Gilbert Conceptual Model of Organizational Intellectual Capital. The Gilbert Conceptual Model of Organizational Intellectual Capital advances the propositions of human capital theory and social capital theory and is the first model to conceptualize the direct and moderating effects that nurse leaders have on the human capital and social capital of the teams they lead. This model provides a framework for further empirical study and may have implications for practice, organizational policy, and education related to nursing leadership. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phytochemical investigation of Aloe pulcherrima roots and evaluation for its antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities.

PubMed

Abdissa, Dele; Geleta, Girma; Bacha, Ketema; Abdissa, Negera

2017-01-01

Medicinal plants with documented traditional uses remain an important source for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. Evidence shows that majority of the Ethiopian population are still dependent on traditional medicine. Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert & Sebsebe is one of the endemic Aloe species traditionally used for the treatment of malaria and wound healing in central, Southern and Northern part of Ethiopia. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to isolate active compounds from roots of A. pulcherrima and evaluate for their antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities using standard test strains. Bioassay-guided sequential extraction and column chrom-atographic separation were employed for the isolation of bioactive pure compounds. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectro-scopic techniques. Disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds against four bacterial strains specifically (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The malaria SYBR Green I-based in vitro assay technique was used for in vitro antiplasmodial activity evaluation of the compounds against chloroquine resistant (D6) and -sensitive (W2) strains of P. falciparum. Three compounds, chrysophanol, aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II were isolated from the acetone extracts of roots of A. pulcherrima. Evaluation of antibacterial activities revealed that aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II had significant activities against all the bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 18-27 mm as compared to the reference drug (gentamicin), which displayed inhibition zone diameter ranging between 20 mm (B. subtilis) and 25 mm (P. aeruginosa). The isolated compounds showed moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine resistant (W2) -sensitive (D6) strains. Isolation of chrysophanol, aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II from roots of A. pulcherrima is the first report of its kind. The finding could be used for further comprehensive evaluation of the isolated compounds for their antibacterial and antimalarial activities besides consideration of the same for potent drug development.

Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barnard, Patrick L.; Schoellhamer, David H.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Lester J. McKee,

2013-01-01

The papers in this special issue feature state-of-the-art approaches to understanding the physical processes related to sediment transport and geomorphology of complex coastal-estuarine systems. Here we focus on the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, extending from the lower San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta, through the Bay, and along the adjacent outer Pacific Coast. San Francisco Bay is an urbanized estuary that is impacted by numerous anthropogenic activities common to many large estuaries, including a mining legacy, channel dredging, aggregate mining, reservoirs, freshwater diversion, watershed modifications, urban run-off, ship traffic, exotic species introductions, land reclamation, and wetland restoration. The Golden Gate strait is the sole inlet connecting the Bay to the Pacific Ocean, and serves as the conduit for a tidal flow of ~ 8 x 109 m3/day, in addition to the transport of mud, sand, biogenic material, nutrients, and pollutants. Despite this physical, biological and chemical connection, resource management and prior research have often treated the Delta, Bay and adjacent ocean as separate entities, compartmentalized by artificial geographic or political boundaries. The body of work herein presents a comprehensive analysis of system-wide behavior, extending a rich heritage of sediment transport research that dates back to the groundbreaking hydraulic mining-impact research of G.K. Gilbert in the early 20th century.

Nonlocal and local magnetization dynamics excited by an RF magnetic field in magnetic multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moriyama, Takahiro

A microwave study in spintronic devices has been actively pursued in the past several years due to the fertile physics and potential applications. On one hand, a passive use of microwave can be very helpful to analyze and understand the magnetization dynamics in spintronic devices. Examples include ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements, and various microwave spectrum analyses in ferromagnetic materials. The most important chrematistic parameter for the phenomenological analysis on the magnetization dynamics is, so called, the Gilbert damping constant. In this work, a relatively new measurement technique, a flip-chip FMR measurement, to conduct the ferromagnetic resonance measurements has been developed. The measurement technique is equally comparable to a conventional FMR measurement. The Gilbert damping constants were extracted for single ferromagnetic layer, spin vale structures, and magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). On the other hand, an active use of microwave yields a great potential for interesting phenomena which give new functionalities into spintronic devices. For instance, a spin wave excitation by an rf field can be used to reduce the switching field of a ferromagnet, i.e. microwave assisted magnetization reversal, which could be a potential application in advanced recording media. More interestingly, a precessing magnetization driven by an rf field can generate a pure spin current into a neighboring layer, i.e. spin pumping effect, which is one of the candidates for generating a pure spin current. A ferromagnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is one of the important devices in spintronics, which is also the key device to investigate the local and nonlocal magnetization dynamics in this work. Therefore, it is also important to develop high quality MTJs. My work starts from the development of MTJ with AlOx and MgO tunnel barriers where it was found it is crucial to find the proper condition for forming a few nanometers thick tunnel barrier. After obtaining quality MTJs, we proceeded to the study on magnetization dynamics using the MTJs. First interesting phenomenon found in this work is the microwave assisted magnetization reversal (MAMR). It is found that magnetization reversal can be achieved efficiently by an appropriate power and frequency microwave. Moreover, there is a mutual relationship between microwave power and frequency for achieving a maximum switching field reduction. This effect can be very useful in magnetic data storage device which essentially needs to reduce the "effective" coercivity field. In the study of nonlocal magnetization dynamics, we tried to detect the spin accumulation induced by spin pumping effect in FM/NM/I/FM, FM/I/NM and FM/I/FM structures with a microwave excitation (FM: ferromagnetic material, NM: nonmagnetic material, and I: tunnel barrier). Interestingly, in the FM/I/NM and FM/I/FM structures, we observed ˜muV dc voltage due to the precessing magnetizations. It is found that the dc voltage we observed is much larger than the current the spin pumping theory predicts. Therefore we speculated a new mechanism to explain the results. Although we discussed only a portion of the magnetization dynamics involving nonlinear and nonequilibrium phenomena, it reveals that there is still a fertile physics which has not yet been investigated or explained.

Report on the lands of the arid region of the United States with a more detailed account of the land of Utah with maps

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, John Wesley

1879-01-01

A report from Maj. J. W.Powell, geologist in charge of the United States Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, upon the lands of the Arid Region of the United States, setting forth the extent of said region, and making suggestions as to the conditions under which the lands embraced within its limit may be rendered available for agricultural and grazing purposes. With the report is transmitted a statement of the rainfall of the western portion of the United States, with reports upon the subject of irrigation by Capt. C. E. Button, U. S. A., Prof. A. H. Thompson, and Mr. G. K. Gilbert.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gerhard, F.; Schumacher, C.; Gould, C.

NiMnSb is a ferromagnetic half-metal which, because of its rich anisotropy and very low Gilbert damping, is a promising candidate for applications in information technologies. We have investigated the in-plane anisotropy properties of thin, molecular beam epitaxy-grown NiMnSb films as a function of their Mn concentration. Using ferromagnetic resonance to determine the uniaxial and four-fold anisotropy fields, (2K{sub U})/(M{sub s}) and (2K{sub 1})/(M{sub s}) , we find that a variation in composition can change the strength of the four-fold anisotropy by more than an order of magnitude and cause a complete 90° rotation of the uniaxial anisotropy. This provides valuablemore » flexibility in designing new device geometries.« less

The molecular basis of jaundice: An old symptom revisited.

PubMed

Gazzin, Silvia; Masutti, Flora; Vitek, Libor; Tiribelli, Claudio

2017-08-01

Increased serum bilirubin level is a widely used diagnostic marker for hepatic illnesses. Nevertheless, mild elevation of unconjugated serum bilirubin (such as in Gilbert syndrome) has been recently demonstrated to correlate with low risk of chronic inflammatory and/or oxidative stress-mediated diseases. In accord, a low serum bilirubin level has emerged as an important predisposing factor or a biomarker of these pathologic conditions including cardiovascular, tumour, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. Bilirubin possesses multiple biological actions with interaction in a complex network of enzymatic and signalling pathways. The fact that the liver is the main organ controlling the bioavailability of bilirubin emphasizes the central role of this organ in human health. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and molecular mechanisms of jaundice].

PubMed

Jirsa, M; Sticová, E

2013-07-01

The introductory summarises the classical path of heme degradation and classification of jaundice. Subsequently, a description of neonatal types of jaundice is given, known as Crigler Najjar, Gilberts, DubinJohnson and Rotor syndromes, emphasising the explanation of the molecular mechanisms of these metabolic disorders. Special attention is given to a recently discovered molecular mechanism of the Rotor syndrome. The mechanism is based on the inability of the liver to retrospectively uptake the conjugated bilirubin fraction primarily excreted into the blood, not bile. A reduced ability of the liver to uptake the conjugated bilirubin contributes to the development of hyperbilirubinemia in common disorders of the liver and bile ducts and to the toxicity of xenobiotics and drugs using transport proteins for conjugated bilirubin.

Comparison of field swept ferromagnetic resonance methods - A case study using Ni-Mn-Sn films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modak, R.; Samantaray, B.; Mandal, P.; Srinivasu, V. V.; Srinivasan, A.

2018-05-01

Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to understand the magnetic behavior of Ni-Mn-Sn Heusler alloy film. Two popular experimental methods available for recording FMR spectra are presented here. In plane angular (φH) variation of magnetic relaxation is used to evaluate the in plane anisotropy (Ku) of the film. The out of plane (θH) variation of FMR spectra has been numerically analyzed to extract the Gilbert damping coefficient, effective magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (K1). Magnetic homogeneity of the film had also been evaluated in terms of 2-magnon contribution from FMR linewidth. The advantage and limitations of these two popular FMR techniques are discussed on the basis of the results obtained in this comparative study.

Xylitol lozenges were not effective in overall dental caries prevention in adults.

PubMed

Fontana, Margherita; Gonzalez-Cabezas, Carlos

2013-09-01

Results from the xylitol for adult caries trial (X-ACT). Bader JD, Vollmer WM, Shugars DA, Gilbert GH, Amaechi BT, Brown JP, Laws RL, Kunkhouser KA, Makhija SK, Ritter AV, Leo MC. JADA 2013; 144(1): 21-30. Margherita Fontana, DDS, PhD, Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas, DDS, MSD, PhD PURPOSE/QUESTION: Among an adult population at risk of dental caries, does the use of five 1 g xylitol lozenges per day over 33 months reduce the experience of cavitated caries lesions? Government: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial Level 1: Good quality, patient-oriented evidence B: Limited quality patient-oriented evidence. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Relativistic and thermal effects on the magnon spectrum of a ferromagnetic monolayer.

PubMed

Rózsa, L; Udvardi, L; Szunyogh, L

2013-12-18

A spin model including magnetic anisotropy terms and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions is studied for the case of a ferromagnetic monolayer with C2v symmetry like Fe/W(110). Using the quasiclassical stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations, the magnon spectrum of the system is derived using linear response theory. The Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction leads to asymmetry in the spectrum, while the anisotropy terms induce a gap. It is shown that, in the presence of lattice defects, both the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions and the two-site anisotropy lead to a softening of the magnon energies. Two methods are developed to investigate the magnon spectrum at finite temperatures. The theoretical results are compared to atomistic spin dynamics simulations and good agreement is found between them.

Bulk and edge spin transport in topological magnon insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rückriegel, Andreas; Brataas, Arne; Duine, Rembert A.

2018-02-01

We investigate the spin transport properties of a topological magnon insulator, a magnetic insulator characterized by topologically nontrivial bulk magnon bands and protected magnon edge modes located in the bulk band gaps. Employing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert phenomenology, we calculate the spin current driven through a normal metal |topological magnon insulator |normal metal heterostructure by a spin accumulation imbalance between the metals, with and without random lattice defects. We show that bulk and edge transport are characterized by different length scales. This results in a characteristic system size where the magnon transport crosses over from being bulk dominated for small systems to edge dominated for larger systems. These findings are generic and relevant for topological transport in systems of nonconserved bosons.

Tuning of the magnetization dynamics in as-sputtered FeCoSiN thin films by various sputtering gas pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Feng; Phuoc, N. N.; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Ma, Yungui; Chen, Xin; Ong, C. K.

2008-11-01

In this work, we investigate the influence of various sputtering gas pressures on the high-frequency magnetization dynamics in as-sputtered FeCoSiN granular thin films. The permeability spectra are measured with the shorted microstrip transmission-line perturbation method and analyzed with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The dependence of the effective damping coefficient on the external fields is fitted with a power law. The measurement and fitting results show that both the effective and the intrinsic damping coefficients in the magnetization dynamics can be conveniently and effectively tuned by changing the sputtering gas pressure. The physical origin of the influences is suggested to be related to the stress in the films.

A three-dimensional spin-diffusion model for micromagnetics

PubMed Central

Abert, Claas; Ruggeri, Michele; Bruckner, Florian; Vogler, Christoph; Hrkac, Gino; Praetorius, Dirk; Suess, Dieter

2015-01-01

We solve a time-dependent three-dimensional spin-diffusion model coupled to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation numerically. The presented model is validated by comparison to two established spin-torque models: The model of Slonzewski that describes spin-torque in multi-layer structures in the presence of a fixed layer and the model of Zhang and Li that describes current driven domain-wall motion. It is shown that both models are incorporated by the spin-diffusion description, i.e., the nonlocal effects of the Slonzewski model are captured as well as the spin-accumulation due to magnetization gradients as described by the model of Zhang and Li. Moreover, the presented method is able to resolve the time dependency of the spin-accumulation. PMID:26442796

Two new species of Pseudochristianella Campbell & Beveridge, 1990 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from elasmobranch fishes from the Gulf of California, Mexico.

PubMed

Campbell, R A; Beveridge, I

2006-12-01

Pseudochristionella elegantissima sp. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) is described from the spiral valves of the rays Dasyatis brevis (Garman, 1880) and D. longus (Garman, 1880), from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Also described is P. nudisculo sp. nov. from rays Rhinobatos productus Ayres, 1854, D. longus, Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964 and Zapteryx exasperat (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) from the same location. The species are distinguished from one another and from the only existing species within the genus, P. southwelli Campbel & Beveridge, 1990, by differences in the arrangement of bill-hooks on the external surface of the basal swelling of the tentacle and by the number of hooks in each row of the metabasasl armature.

Application of a stochastic inverse to the geophysical inverse problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jordan, T. H.; Minster, J. B.

1972-01-01

The inverse problem for gross earth data can be reduced to an undertermined linear system of integral equations of the first kind. A theory is discussed for computing particular solutions to this linear system based on the stochastic inverse theory presented by Franklin. The stochastic inverse is derived and related to the generalized inverse of Penrose and Moore. A Backus-Gilbert type tradeoff curve is constructed for the problem of estimating the solution to the linear system in the presence of noise. It is shown that the stochastic inverse represents an optimal point on this tradeoff curve. A useful form of the solution autocorrelation operator as a member of a one-parameter family of smoothing operators is derived.

Simulation of magnetic hysteresis loops and magnetic Barkhausen noise of α-iron containing nonmagnetic particles

DOE PAGES

Li, Yi; Xu, Ben; Hu, Shenyang; ...

2015-07-01

The magnetic hysteresis loops and Barkhausen noise of a single α-iron with nonmagnetic particles are simulated to investigate into the magnetic hardening due to Cu-rich precipitates in irradiated reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. Phase field method basing Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is used for this simulation. The results show that the presence of the nonmagnetic particle could result in magnetic hardening by making the nucleation of reversed domains difficult. The coercive field is found to increase, while the intensity of Barkhausen noise voltage is decreased when the nonmagnetic particle is introduced. Simulations demonstrate the impact of nucleation field of reversed domainsmore » on the magnetization reversal behavior and the magnetic properties.« less

Paradoxical visuomotor adaptation to reversed visual input is predicted by BDNF Val66Met polymorphism

PubMed Central

Barton, Brian; Treister, Andrew; Humphrey, Melanie; Abedi, Garen; Cramer, Steven C.; Brewer, Alyssa A.

2014-01-01

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, influencing neural development, plasticity, and repair (Chen et al., 2004; Thoenen, 1995). The BDNF gene contains a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) called Val66Met. The Met allele interferes with intracellular BDNF-trafficking, decreases activity-dependent BDNF secretion, and consequently is often associated with a shift from plasticity to stability in neural circuits (Egan et al., 2003). We investigated the behavioral consequences of the presence of the Met allele by comparing how 40 heterozygous subjects with the Val/Met genotype and 35 homozygous subjects with the Val/Val genotype performed on visuomotor tasks (reaching and navigation) under two conditions: normal vision and completely left-right reversed vision. As expected, subjects did not differ in their short-term ability to learn the tasks with normal vision (p = 0.58). Intuitively, it would be expected that homozygous Val/Val subjects with a propensity for greater BDNF-induced activity-dependent plasticity would learn new tasks more quickly than heterozygous Val/Met subjects with decreased BDNF secretion (Gilbert, Li, & Piech, 2009). However, we found the opposite here. When short-term mechanisms of visuomotor adaptation were engaged to compensate for the misalignment of visual and somatomotor information created by the left-right reversal of vision, heterozygous Val/Met subjects learned significantly more quickly than their homozygous Val/Val counterparts (p = 0.027). Our results demonstrate the paradoxical finding that the presence of the Met allele, which is thought to promote cortical stability, here improves immediate visuomotor adaptation to left–right-reversed visual input. PMID:25104829

Magnetization dynamics in dilute Pd1-xFex thin films and patterned microstructures considered for superconducting electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golovchanskiy, I. A.; Bolginov, V. V.; Abramov, N. N.; Stolyarov, V. S.; Ben Hamida, A.; Chichkov, V. I.; Roditchev, D.; Ryazanov, V. V.

2016-10-01

Motivated by recent burst of applications of ferromagnetic layers in superconducting digital and quantum elements, we study the magnetism of thin films and patterned microstructures of Pd0.99Fe0.01. In this diluted ferromagnetic system, a high-sensitivity ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment reveals spectroscopic signatures of re-magnetization and enables the estimation of the saturation magnetization, the anisotropy field, and the Gilbert damping constant. The detailed analysis of FMR spectra links the observed unexpectedly high reduced anisotropy field (0.06-0.14) with the internal anisotropy, points towards a cluster nature of the ferromagnetism, and allows estimating characteristic time scale for magnetization dynamics in Pd-Fe based cryogenic memory elements to ( 3 - 5 ) × 10 - 9 s.

New quantum codes constructed from quaternary BCH codes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Gen; Li, Ruihu; Guo, Luobin; Ma, Yuena

2016-10-01

In this paper, we firstly study construction of new quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) from three classes of quaternary imprimitive BCH codes. As a result, the improved maximal designed distance of these narrow-sense imprimitive Hermitian dual-containing quaternary BCH codes are determined to be much larger than the result given according to Aly et al. (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 53:1183-1188, 2007) for each different code length. Thus, families of new QECCs are newly obtained, and the constructed QECCs have larger distance than those in the previous literature. Secondly, we apply a combinatorial construction to the imprimitive BCH codes with their corresponding primitive counterpart and construct many new linear quantum codes with good parameters, some of which have parameters exceeding the finite Gilbert-Varshamov bound for linear quantum codes.

Spectral characteristics of time resolved magnonic spin Seebeck effect

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Etesami, S. R.; Chotorlishvili, L.; Berakdar, J.

2015-09-28

Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) holds promise for new spintronic devices with low-energy consumption. The underlying physics, essential for a further progress, is yet to be fully clarified. This study of the time resolved longitudinal SSE in the magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet concludes that a substantial contribution to the spin current stems from small wave-vector subthermal exchange magnons. Our finding is in line with the recent experiment by S. R. Boona and J. P. Heremans [Phys. Rev. B 90, 064421 (2014)]. Technically, the spin-current dynamics is treated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation also including magnons back-action on thermal bath, whilemore » the formation of the time dependent thermal gradient is described self-consistently via the heat equation coupled to the magnetization dynamics.« less

An alternative method for processing northern blots after capillary transfer.

PubMed

Nilsen, Timothy W

2015-03-02

Different laboratories use different methods for the prehybridization, hybridization, and washing steps of the northern blotting procedure. In this protocol, a northern blot is pretreated with Church and Gilbert hybridization buffer to block nonspecific probe-binding sites. The immobilized RNA is then hybridized to a DNA probe specific for the RNA of interest. Finally, the membrane is washed and subjected to autoradiography or phosphorimaging. The solutions and conditions described here may be ideal for those who prefer to use fewer ingredients in their solutions. This protocol is designed to achieve the same goals as other northern blotting approaches. It minimizes background (nonspecific adherence of probe to membrane and nonspecific hybridization) and maximizes specific hybridization to RNAs immobilized on a membrane. © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baker, A. A.; Magnetic Spectroscopy Group, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE; Figueroa, A. I.

We report on the controlled modification of relaxation parameters and magnetic moments of epitaxial Fe thin films through Dy doping. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that an increase of Dy doping from 0.1% to 5% gives a tripling in Gilbert damping, and more importantly a strongly enhanced anisotropic damping that can be qualitatively understood through the slow-relaxing impurity model. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements show a pronounced suppression of the orbital moment of the Fe with Dy doping, leading to an almost threefold drop in the orbital to spin moment ratio, m{sub l}/m{sub s}. Doping with Dy can therefore be usedmore » to control both dynamic and static properties of thin ferromagnetic films for improved performance in spintronics device applications, mediated through the antiferromagnetic interaction of the 4f and 3d states.« less

Microscopic study of spin cut-off factors of nuclear level densities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gholami, M.; Kildir, M.; Behkami, A. N.

Level densities and spin cut-off factors have been investigated within the microscopic approach based on the BCS Hamiltonian. In particular, the spin cut-off parameters have been calculated at neutron binding energies over a large range of nuclear mass using the BCS theory. The spin cut-off parameters {sigma}{sup 2}(E) have also been obtained from the Gilbert and Cameron expression and from rigid body calculations. The results were compared with their corresponding macroscopic values. It was found that the values of {sigma}{sup 2}(E) did not increase smoothly with A as expected based on macroscopic theory. Instead, the values of {sigma}{sup 2}(E) showmore » structure reflecting the angular momentum of the shell model orbitals near the Fermi energy.« less

Habitat islands and the equilibrium theory of island biogeography: testing some predictions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brown, M.; Dinsmore, J.J.

1988-01-01

Species-area data from a study of marsh birds are used to test five predictions generated by the equilibrium theory of island biogeography. Three predictions are supported: we found a significant species-area relationship, a non-zero level of turnover, and a variance-mean ratio of 0.5. One prediction is rejected: the extinction rates were not greater on small islands. The results of one test are equivocal: the number of species on each island was not always the same. As Gilbert (1980) suggests, a strong species-area relationship alone does not validate the theory. The avian communities we studied were on habitat islands, not true islands, and underwent complete extinction annually. Thus caution must be used before applying the theory to these and other habitat islands.

Antiferromagnetic nano-oscillator in external magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Checiński, Jakub; Frankowski, Marek; Stobiecki, Tomasz

2017-11-01

We describe the dynamics of an antiferromagnetic nano-oscillator in an external magnetic field of any given time distribution. The oscillator is powered by a spin current originating from spin-orbit effects in a neighboring heavy metal layer and is capable of emitting a THz signal in the presence of an additional easy-plane anisotropy. We derive an analytical formula describing the interaction between such a system and an external field, which can affect the output signal character. Interactions with magnetic pulses of different shapes, with a sinusoidal magnetic field and with a sequence of rapidly changing magnetic fields are discussed. We also perform numerical simulations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with spin-transfer torque effects to verify the obtained results and find a very good quantitative agreement between analytical and numerical predictions.

Brownian motion of massive skyrmions in magnetic thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Troncoso, Roberto E., E-mail: r.troncoso.c@gmail.com; Núñez, Álvaro S., E-mail: alnunez@dfi.uchile.cl

2014-12-15

We report on the thermal effects on the motion of current-driven massive magnetic skyrmions. The reduced equation for the motion of skyrmion has the form of a stochastic generalized Thiele’s equation. We propose an ansatz for the magnetization texture of a non-rigid single skyrmion that depends linearly with the velocity. By using this ansatz it is found that the skyrmion mass tensor is closely related to intrinsic skyrmion parameters, such as Gilbert damping, skyrmion-charge and dissipative force. We have found an exact expression for the average drift velocity as well as the mean-square velocity of the skyrmion. The longitudinal andmore » transverse mobility of skyrmions for small spin-velocity of electrons is also determined and found to be independent of the skyrmion mass.« less

Electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned PMN-PT/NiFe structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zietek, Slawomir; Ogrodnik, Piotr; Skowroński, Witold; Stobiecki, Feliks; van Dijken, Sebastiaan; Barnaś, Józef; Stobiecki, Tomasz

2016-08-01

Dynamic properties of NiFe thin films on PMN-PT piezoelectric substrate are investigated using the spin-diode method. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of microstrips with varying width are measured as a function of magnetic field and frequency. The FMR frequency is shown to depend on the electric field applied across the substrate, which induces strain in the NiFe layer. Electric field tunability of up to 100 MHz per 1 kV/cm is achieved. An analytical model based on total energy minimization and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, taking into account the magnetostriction effect, is used to explain the measured dynamics. Based on this model, conditions for optimal electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned NiFe/PMN-PT structures are derived.

NRC evaluates groundwater programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

A recent report by the National Research Council (NRC) noted that about half the people of the United States depend on wells for their drinking water, but recent tests reveal widespread contamination.Responsibility for monitoring and protecting groundwater supplies lies largely with state governments. Federal funding of model projects under the Clean Water Act expired in 1983. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has asked the NRC to identify and evaluate ten state and local groundwater protection programs and to recommend features that may be applied in other areas. A committee, organized by the Water Science and Technology Board and chaired by Jerome B. Gilbert, general manager of the East Bay Municipal Utility District of Oakland, Calif., has undertaken the study. The report is expected to be completed in March 1986.

Dissipative structures induced by spin-transfer torques in nanopillars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

León, Alejandro O.; Clerc, Marcel G.; Coulibaly, Saliya

2014-02-01

Macroscopic magnetic systems subjected to external forcing exhibit complex spatiotemporal behaviors as result of dissipative self-organization. Pattern formation from a uniform magnetization state, induced by the combination of a spin-polarized current and an external magnetic field, is studied for spin-transfer nano-oscillator devices. The system is described in the continuous limit by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The bifurcation diagram of the quintessence parallel state, as a function of the external field and current, is elucidated. We have shown analytically that this state exhibits a spatial supercritical quintic bifurcation, which generates in two spatial dimensions a family of stationary stripes, squares, and superlattice states. Analytically, we have characterized their respective stabilities and bifurcations, which are controlled by a single dimensionless parameter. This scenario is confirmed numerically.

Magnetic anisotropy, damping, and interfacial spin transport in Pt/LSMO bilayers

DOE PAGES

Lee, H. K.; Barsukov, I.; Swartz, A. G.; ...

2016-05-16

In this paper, we report ferromagnetic resonance measurements of magnetic anisotropy and damping in epitaxial La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 (LSMO) and Pt capped LSMO thin films on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates. The measurements reveal large negative perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a weaker uniaxial in-plane anisotropy that are unaffected by the Pt cap. The Gilbert damping of the bare LSMO films is found to be low α = 1.9(1) × 10 -3, and two-magnon scattering is determined to be significant and strongly anisotropic. The Pt cap increases the damping by 50% due to spin pumping, which is also directly detected viamore » inverse spin Hall effect in Pt. Our research demonstrates efficient spin transport across the Pt/LSMO interface.« less

Effect of Ru thickness on spin pumping in Ru/Py bilayer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Behera, Nilamani; Singh, M. Sanjoy; Chaudhary, Sujeet

2015-05-07

We report the effect of Ru thickness (t{sub Ru}) on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line-width of Ru(t{sub Ru})/Py(23 nm) bilayer samples grown on Si(100)/SiO{sub 2} substrates at room temperature by magnetron sputtering. The FMR line-width is found to vary linearly with frequency for all thicknesses of Ru, indicating intrinsic origin of damping. For Ru thicknesses below 15 nm, Gilbert-damping parameter, α is almost constant. We ascribe this behavior to spin back flow that is operative for Ru thicknesses lower than the spin diffusion length in Ru, λ{sub sd}. For thicknesses >15 nm (>λ{sub sd}), the damping constant increases with Ru thickness, indicating spin pumpingmore » from Py into Ru.« less

Pion quasiparticle in the low-temperature phase of QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandt, Bastian B.; Francis, Anthony; Meyer, Harvey B.; Robaina, Daniel

2015-11-01

We investigate the properties of the pion quasiparticle in the low-temperature phase of two-flavor QCD on the lattice with support from chiral effective theory. We find that the pion quasiparticle mass is significantly reduced compared to its value in the vacuum, in contrast with the static screening mass, which increases with temperature. By a simple argument, near the chiral limit the two masses are expected to determine the quasiparticle dispersion relation. Analyzing two-point functions of the axial charge density at nonvanishing spatial momentum, we find that the predicted dispersion relation and the residue of the pion pole are consistent with the lattice data at low momentum. This test, based on fits to the correlation functions, is confirmed by a second analysis using the Backus-Gilbert method.

Collective charge excitations and the metal-insulator transition in the square lattice Hubbard-Coulomb model

DOE PAGES

Ulybyshev, Maksim; Winterowd, Christopher; Zafeiropoulos, Savvas

2017-11-09

Here in this article, we discuss the nontrivial collective charge excitations (plasmons) of the extended square lattice Hubbard model. Using a fully nonperturbative approach, we employ the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the system at half-filling. A modified Backus-Gilbert method is introduced to obtain the spectral functions via numerical analytic continuation. We directly compute the single-particle density of states which demonstrates the formation of Hubbard bands in the strongly correlated phase. The momentum-resolved charge susceptibility also is computed on the basis of the Euclidean charge-density-density correlator. In agreement with previous extended dynamical mean-field theory studies, we find that, atmore » high strength of the electron-electron interaction, the plasmon dispersion develops two branches.« less

Collective charge excitations and the metal-insulator transition in the square lattice Hubbard-Coulomb model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ulybyshev, Maksim; Winterowd, Christopher; Zafeiropoulos, Savvas

Here in this article, we discuss the nontrivial collective charge excitations (plasmons) of the extended square lattice Hubbard model. Using a fully nonperturbative approach, we employ the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the system at half-filling. A modified Backus-Gilbert method is introduced to obtain the spectral functions via numerical analytic continuation. We directly compute the single-particle density of states which demonstrates the formation of Hubbard bands in the strongly correlated phase. The momentum-resolved charge susceptibility also is computed on the basis of the Euclidean charge-density-density correlator. In agreement with previous extended dynamical mean-field theory studies, we find that, atmore » high strength of the electron-electron interaction, the plasmon dispersion develops two branches.« less

Surface composition of near-Earth Asteroid (4953) 1990 MU: Possible fragment of (6) Hebe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelley, Michael S.; Gaffey, Michael J.; Reddy, Vishnu; Sanchez, Juan A.

2014-05-01

Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are interesting as both a threat to the Earth and as the immediate parent bodies of most meteorites. We observed NEA (4953) 1990 MU using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) and University of Hawaii (U.H.) telescopes on Mauna Kea to constrain its surface composition and origin. The surface composition of 1990 MU is similar to ordinary chondrites (H chondrites). The calculated olivine and pyroxene chemistry of 1990 MU (Fa13.5±1.3 and Fs12.7±1.4) are consistent with the olivine and pyroxene chemistry ranges for H chondrites (Fa15-21 and Fs13-19) (Dunn, T.L., McCoy, T.J., Sunshine, J.M., McSween, H.Y. [2010]. Icarus 208, 789-797), although the estimated Fa value is at the lower end of the H chondrite range. The olivine abundance ratio of 1990 MU (0.57 ± 0.03) is slightly higher but not inconsistent with H chondrites (0.47-0.55 ± 0.03). The radar circular polarization ratio (same circular polarization state or SC/opposite circular polarization state or OC) (Benner, L.A.M., Ostro, S.J., Magri, C., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Giorgini, J.D., Jurgens, R.F., Margot, J.L., Taylor, P.A., Busch, M.W., Shepard, M.K. [2008]. Icarus, 198, 294-304) of 1990 MU is 0.36 ± 0.03, which is higher than the mean SC/OC ratio for S-type NEAs (0.270 ± 0.079). The 1990 MU SC/OC is also higher than those of (25143) Itokawa (0.27 ± 0.04), (4179) Toutatis (0.29 ± 0.01) and (433) Eros (0.28 ± 0.06) suggesting a rougher surface at decimeter scale (Benner, L.A.M., Ostro, S.J., Magri, C., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Giorgini, J.D., Jurgens, R.F., Margot, J.L., Taylor, P.A., Busch, M.W., Shepard, M.K. [2008]. Icarus, 198, 294-304). We constrained the diameter of 1990 MU (4.4 km) using the average albedo at 0.55 μm of H chondrites (0.21) and absolute magnitude (H) of 14.1 (Flower, J.W., Chillemi J.R. [1992]. IRAS Asteroid Data Processing: The IRAS Minor Planet Survey, Philips Laboratory Technical Report PL-TR-92-2049. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, pp. 17-43). This diameter is higher than the 2.8 km value from Harris et al. (Harris, A.W. et al. [2011]. Astron. J. 141, 10) using an albedo of 0.52 for 1990 MU. This albedo value is unusually high for H chondrites, which have an albedo range of 0.12-0.30. We compared olivine and pyroxene chemistries of 1990 MU with main belt Asteroid (6) Hebe, probable parent body of H chondrite meteorites and IIE irons (Gaffey, M.J., Gilbert, S.L. [1998]. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 33, 1281-1295), and found that 1990 MU has more high-calcium pyroxene than Hebe. Fayalite and ferrosilite values of the two asteroids are consistent with H chondrites but do not overlap each other. The differences could be due to compositional variations observed on Hebe by Gaffey and Gilbert (Gaffey, M.J., Gilbert, S.L. [1998]. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 33, 1281-1295), although the observed rotational variation in spectral parameters does not match well with those of 1990 MU.

Development and Validation of The SMAP Enhanced Passive Soil Moisture Product

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, S.; Bindlish, R.; O'Neill, P.; Jackson, T.; Chaubell, J.; Piepmeier, J.; Dunbar, S.; Colliander, A.; Chen, F.; Entekhabi, D.;

Yolk formation in some Charadriiform birds

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roudybush, T.E.; Grau, C.R.; Petersen, M.R.; Ainley, D.G.; Hirsch, K.V.; Gilman, A.P.; Patten, S.M.

1979-01-01

By counting and measuring the major ova of breeding birds at autopsy and combining these data with time intervals between ovipositions, rough estimates have been made of the time required to form yolk in some non-captive birds (King 1973). Direct studies have been made in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus var. domesticus; Gilbert 1972), turkeys (Meleagris galloparvo; Bacon and Cherms 1968), and Common quail (Coturnix coturnix; Bacon and Koontz 1971), by feeding the birds a capsule containing dye each day, and counting dye rings in the yolks after the eggs have been hardcooked. Recently developed methods of fixing and staining eggs have revealed differences in yolk deposited during day and night, thus permitting another estimation of the number of days during which yolk was deposited, and without direct contact with the female (Grau 1976). In eggs from chickens and quail that have been fed dyes, yolk that stained darkly with dichromate was shown to be deposited during the active daytime feeding periods, while pale-staining yolk was deposited during the night. Thus, pairs of light and dark rings, which together take a day to be deposited, may be counted to estimate time of yolk formation.In the present study we have applied the yolk ring method of estimating the number of days during which the bulk of the yolk is deposited around the central white core (Grau 1976) to the eggs of some shorebirds, gulls, terns and alcids.

Sustained multiplicity in everyday cholesterol reduction: repertoires and practices in talk about 'healthy living'.

PubMed

Will, Catherine M; Weiner, Kate

2014-02-01

This article is concerned with talk about and the practices of healthy living in relation to cholesterol reduction. It draws on qualitative interviews with 89 people who are current or former users of either cholesterol-lowering functional foods or statins for cardiovascular risk reduction. Focusing on data about everyday activities including food preparation, shopping and exercise, we illustrate four repertoires that feature in talk about cholesterol reduction (health, pleasure, sociality and pragmatism). Using Gilbert and Mulkay's notion of a 'reconciliation device', we suggest ways in which apparently contradictory repertoires are combined (for example, through talk about moderation) or kept apart. We suggest that, in contrast to the interactiveness of the repertoires of health and pleasure, a pragmatic repertoire concerning food provisioning, storage and cooking as well as the realities of exercise, appears distinct from talk about health and is relatively inert. Finally we consider the implications of these discursive patterns for daily practices. Our data suggest there is little emphasis on coherence in people's practices and illustrate the significance of temporal, spatial and social distribution in allowing people to pursue different priorities in their everyday lives. Rather than the calculated trade-offs of earlier medical sociology we draw on Mol to foreground the possibility of sustained multiplicity in daily practices. © 2014 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness © 2014 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness/John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Prevalence of Gilbert syndrome in parents of neonates with pathologic indirect hyperbilirubinemia.

PubMed

Saki, Forough; Hemmati, Fariba; Haghighat, Mahmoud

2011-01-01

The cause of hyperbilirubinemia cannot be found in about 45% of cases of neonatal jaundice. Gilbert syndrome (GS) is the most common congenital disease associated with bilirubin metabolism in the liver. Since the screening value of genetic tests cannot be fully determined until accurate data on the prevalence and penetrance of the GS genotype are known, we sought to estimate whether the prevalence of GS is higher in the parents of neonates with severe unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Case-control study of parents of neonates with severe unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia admitted to a neonatal ward. We used the rifampin test (checked bilirubin before and 4 hours after administration of 600 mg rifampin) for diagnosis of GS in parents of 115 neonates with severe unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia. We compared the prevalence of GS in these parents with that of a control group of 115 couples referred for premarital counseling. The 115 neonates were aged 5.2 (1.6) days (mean, standard deviation), all were breast-fed, and males constituted 56.5%. Mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) level was 20.96 (5.48) mg/dL. 14.8% were glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was present in 14.8%, and 10.4% had A, B or O blood group (ABO) incompatibilities with their mothers. There was no difference in the prevalence of GS between parents of the group with hyperbilirubinemia (22.2%) and the control group (19.13%) (P=.42). Mean TSB in neonates with parents who had GS was more (about 3 mg/dL) than in neonates with normal parents (P=.004). Fathers had GS twice as often as the mothers among the parents of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (P=.003), among the control group (P=.009) and among neonates (P=.014). This study showed that GS cannot cause severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia by itself, but it may have a summative effect on rising bilirubin when combined with other factors, for example, G6PD. Our results showed that in GS, males are affected about twice as much as the females.

Slow Onsets, Abrupt Changes, and Fast Reflexes: Learning from Climate Hazards in a Changing World

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pulwarty, R. S.

2016-12-01

Adaptation is higher than ever before on the global agenda. Awareness of risks across the weather-climate continuum has increased pressure for information to support planning under changing rates and emergence of multiple hazards (e.g. drought, heat waves, floods). In recognition of this demand, the global community is developing a Global Framework for Climate Services, implementing the Sendai Framework on disaster risk reduction, and formulating climate-sensitive development and research initiatives aimed at nations and communities. The gap between conceptual feasibility and practical implementation remains immense. One of Gilbert White's many important contributions was in developing a framework for structuring adjustment decisions in the context of longer-term risks. The physical environment at a given stage of technology sets the theoretical range of choice while the practical range of choice is set by culture, capacity and institutions. These factors facilitate or impede efficient and equitable responses, with the latter being key in the underestimation of the complexities of adaptation. This presentation will focus on the scientific research, monitoring and information needed to address challenges in (1) Understanding thresholds in the relationship between physical and social changes, including those in connected systems such as water, food and energy, (2) Designing and diffusion of decision support tools and smart practices, and (3) Understanding the links between capacity-building and implementation, including the need to focus researchers and institutions on improving decision quality (not just meeting "user needs"). The author will engage the audience in a discussion of the drivers of social transitions and transformations, drawing on cases from around the world. Key questions, include "What leads to proactive collaboration and action?"; "How often should we revise our assumptions about the direction and magnitude of changes as events unfold?"; and "What constitutes effective adaptation?" Addressing these questions helps align scientifically-informed adaptation goals with human values and aspirations across economies, ecosystems and communities- leading to a fundamental appraisal metric that Gilbert White was fond of posing "Are we doing anything useful?"

Prolene hernia system compared with mesh plug technique: a prospective study of short- to mid-term outcomes in primary groin hernia repair.

PubMed

Huang, C S; Huang, C C; Lien, H H

2005-05-01

Two types of anterior tension-free hernioplasty, prolene hernia system (PHS) repair and mesh plug technique (MPT), were introduced to Taiwan in 2001. This study compared the short- to mid-term outcomes following primary groin hernia repair with PHS and MPT. From January 2001 to December 2003, 393 patients with 426 primary groin hernias were operated on by a single surgeon using MPT (n=192) and PHS (n=234). Baseline perioperative details and follow-up information were compared. Demographic characteristics of both groups were similar. The laterality, types of anesthesia, postoperative stay, postoperative wound pain scores, wound complications and days to return to activities of daily life were equally distributed between the two groups. However, the distribution of Gilbert types in the PHS group was shifted a little to the right compared with that of the MPT group. PHS repair had longer operative time (34+/-17 vs 25+/-9 minutes, p<0.01). No recurrence was noted in both groups during the follow-up from 5 to 41 months. Chronic non-disabling groin pains were noted in 2.8% (6/218) of patients in the PHS group and 8.9% (14/175) in the MPT group (p=0.01). Our results show that both PHS and MPT repairs can be performed with short operation time, minor wound pain and quick return to activities of daily life without short- to mid-term recurrences, but postoperatively the MPT group had higher incidence of chronic non-disabling groin pain. Although the MPT is less invasive, the additional protective patch in the preperitoneal space of the PHS may provide a further safeguard against recurrences, especially for those patients with attenuated inguinal floor. Long-term follow-up is needed.

Intraplate volcanism with complex age-distance patterns: A case for small-scale sublithospheric convection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ballmer, M. D.; van Hunen, J.; Ito, G.; Bianco, T. A.; Tackley, P. J.

2009-06-01

Many volcano chains in the Pacific do not follow the most fundamental predictions of hot spot theory in terms of geographic age progressions. One possible explanation for non-hot spot intraplate volcanism is small-scale sublithospheric convection (SSC), and we explore this concept using 3-D numerical models that simulate melting with rheology laws that account for the effects of dehydration. SSC spontaneously self-organizes beneath relatively mature oceanic lithosphere. Whenever this lithosphere is sufficiently young and thin, SSC replaces the shallow layer of harzburgite, which was formed by partial melting at the mid-ocean ridge, with fresh peridotite. This mechanism enables magma generation without any preexisting thermochemical anomalies. However, the additional effect of melting-induced dehydration to stiffen the harzburgite requires lower background viscosities to allow for vigorous SSC, overturn of the compositional stratification, and related magmatism. The intrinsic stiffness of the dehydrated harzburgite furthermore restricts penetration of SSC into very shallow and cooler levels. On the one hand, such a restriction precludes high degrees of melting, but on the other hand, it slows asthenospheric cooling and thus prolongs the duration of melting (to ˜25 Ma). Volcanism over such an elongated melting anomaly continues for at least 10-20 Ma and occurs on seafloor ages of ˜20 to ˜60 Ma. These seafloor ages increase with increasing mantle temperature due to the effect of forming a thicker harzburgite layer from more extensive mid-ocean ridge melting. The long durations of volcanism predicted reconcile observations of extended activity of individual seamounts and synchronous activity over great distances along some volcanic chains. SSC thus gives an explanation for previously enigmatic volcano ages along the Line Islands and the Gilbert and Pukapuka ridges, as well as along the individual subchains of the Wakes, Marshalls, and Cook-Australs.

Luria in Uzbekistan: the vicissitudes of cross-cultural neuropsychology.

PubMed

Nell, V

1999-03-01

If the material conditions of culture shape cognitive structures, as Luria and Vygotsky argued, the "extraordinarily deep and rapid restructuring of historical forms" (Luria, 1971, 265) in the Soviet Republics that followed the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 provided a natural laboratory to determine whether processes of modernization changed traditional ways of thinking. This was the purpose of Luria's 1931 expedition to the Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan in central Asia. Luria's initial reports attracted vitriolic criticism because he had allegedly belittled "primitive" Uzbeki culture. The lasting importance of the Uzbek expedition is its emphasis on culture as a determinant of cognitive processes that remains valid to the present: in 1984, Gilbert replicated Luria's field studies in South Africa with near-identical results. Yet current neuropsychology has been slow to recognize the need for culturally sensitive assessment.

Laser-induced THz magnetization precession for a tetragonal Heusler-like nearly compensated ferrimagnet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mizukami, S., E-mail: mizukami@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp; Sugihara, A.; Suzuki, K. Z.

2016-01-04

Laser-induced magnetization precessional dynamics was investigated in epitaxial films of Mn{sub 3}Ge, which is a tetragonal Heusler-like nearly compensated ferrimagnet. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) mode was observed, the precession frequency for which exceeded 0.5 THz and originated from the large magnetic anisotropy field of approximately 200 kOe for this ferrimagnet. The effective damping constant was approximately 0.03. The corresponding effective Landau-Lifshitz constant is approximately 60 Mrad/s and is comparable with those of the similar Mn-Ga materials. The physical mechanisms for the Gilbert damping and for the laser-induced excitation of the FMR mode were also discussed in terms of the spin-orbit-induced damping and themore » laser-induced ultrafast modulation of the magnetic anisotropy, respectively.« less

Electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned PMN-PT/NiFe structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ziętek, Slawomir, E-mail: zietek@agh.edu.pl; Skowroński, Witold; Stobiecki, Tomasz

Dynamic properties of NiFe thin films on PMN-PT piezoelectric substrate are investigated using the spin-diode method. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of microstrips with varying width are measured as a function of magnetic field and frequency. The FMR frequency is shown to depend on the electric field applied across the substrate, which induces strain in the NiFe layer. Electric field tunability of up to 100 MHz per 1 kV/cm is achieved. An analytical model based on total energy minimization and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, taking into account the magnetostriction effect, is used to explain the measured dynamics. Based on this model, conditions formore » optimal electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned NiFe/PMN-PT structures are derived.« less

Voltage-Driven Magnetization Switching and Spin Pumping in Weyl Semimetals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurebayashi, Daichi; Nomura, Kentaro

2016-10-01

We demonstrate electrical magnetization switching and spin pumping in magnetically doped Weyl semimetals. The Weyl semimetal is a three-dimensional gapless topological material, known to have nontrivial coupling between the charge and the magnetization due to the chiral anomaly. By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for a multilayer structure of a Weyl semimetal, an insulator and a metal while taking the charge-magnetization coupling into account, magnetization dynamics is analyzed. It is shown that the magnetization dynamics can be driven by the electric voltage. Consequently, switching of the magnetization with a pulsed electric voltage can be achieved, as well as precession motion with an applied oscillating electric voltage. The effect requires only a short voltage pulse and may therefore be energetically favorable for us in spintronics devices compared to conventional spin-transfer torque switching.

Final excitation energy of fission fragments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmidt, Karl-Heinz; Jurado, Beatriz

We study how the excitation energy of the fully accelerated fission fragments is built up. It is stressed that only the intrinsic excitation energy available before scission can be exchanged between the fission fragments to achieve thermal equilibrium. This is in contradiction with most models used to calculate prompt neutron emission, where it is assumed that the total excitation energy of the final fragments is shared between the fragments by the condition of equal temperatures. We also study the intrinsic excitation-energy partition in statistical equilibrium for different level-density descriptions as a function of the total intrinsic excitation energy of themore » fissioning system. Excitation energies are found to be strongly enhanced in the heavy fragment, if the level density follows a constant-temperature behavior at low energies, e.g., in the composed Gilbert-Cameron description.« less

Spin-orbit driven phenomena in the isoelectronic L 10 -Fe(Pd,Pt) alloys from first principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudrnovský, J.; Drchal, V.; Turek, I.

2017-12-01

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and the Gilbert damping (GD) are studied theoretically for the partially ordered L 10 -Fe(Pd,Pt) alloys. The varying alloy order and the spin-orbit coupling, which are due to the change in the Pd/Pt composition, allow for a chemical tuning of both phenomena which play an important role in the spintronic applications. The impact of the antisite disorder on the residual resistivity, AHE, and GD is studied from first principles using recently developed methods employing the Kubo-Bastin approach and the nonlocal torque operator method. The most interesting result is a different behavior of samples with low and high chemical orders. Good agreement between calculated and measured concentration trends is obtained for all quantities studied, while the absolute GD values are underestimated.

Origins of Life Research: a Bibliometric Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aydinoglu, Arsev Umur; Taşkın, Zehra

2018-03-01

This study explores the collaborative nature and interdisciplinarity of the origin(s) of life (OoL) research community. Although OoL research is one of the oldest topics in philosophy, religion, and science; to date there has been no review of the field utilizing bibliometric measures. A dataset of 5647 publications that are tagged as OoL, astrobiology, exobiology, and prebiotic chemistry is analyzed. The most prolific authors (Raulin, Ehrenfreund, McKay, Cleaves, Cockell, Lazcano, etc.), most cited scholars and their articles (Miller 1953, Gilbert 1986, Chyba & Sagan 1992, Wolchtershauser 1988, etc.), and popular journals ( Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres and Astrobiology) for OoL research are identified. Moreover, interdisciplinary research conducted through research networks, institutions (NASA, Caltech, University of Arizona, University of Washington, CNRS, etc.), and keywords & concepts (astrobiology, life, Mars, amino acid, prebiotic chemistry, evolution, RNA) are explored.

Spin pumping damping and magnetic proximity effect in Pd and Pt spin-sink layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caminale, M.; Ghosh, A.; Auffret, S.; Ebels, U.; Ollefs, K.; Wilhelm, F.; Rogalev, A.; Bailey, W. E.

2016-07-01

We investigated the spin pumping damping contributed by paramagnetic layers (Pd, Pt) in both direct and indirect contact with ferromagnetic Ni81Fe19 films. We find a nearly linear dependence of the interface-related Gilbert damping enhancement Δ α on the heavy-metal spin-sink layer thicknesses tN in direct-contact Ni81Fe19 /(Pd, Pt) junctions, whereas an exponential dependence is observed when Ni81Fe19 and (Pd, Pt) are separated by 3 nm Cu. We attribute the quasilinear thickness dependence to the presence of induced moments in Pt, Pd near the interface with Ni81Fe19 , quantified using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements. Our results show that the scattering of pure spin current is configuration-dependent in these systems and cannot be described by a single characteristic length.

Sputtering growth of Y3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers and spin transfer at Y3Fe5O12/Pt interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Houchen; Liu, Tao; Reifsnyder Hickey, Danielle; Janantha, P. A. Praveen; Mkhoyan, K. Andre; Wu, Mingzhong

2017-12-01

For the majority of previous work on Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/normal metal (NM) bi-layered structures, the YIG layers were grown on Gd3Ga5O12 first and were then capped by an NM layer. This work demonstrates the sputtering growth of a Pt/YIG structure where the Pt layer was grown first and the YIG layer was then deposited on the top. The YIG layer shows well-oriented (111) texture, a surface roughness of 0.15 nm, and an effective Gilbert damping constant less than 4.7 × 10-4, and the YIG/Pt interface allows for efficient spin transfers. This demonstration indicates the feasibility of fabricating high-quality NM/YIG/NM tri-layered structures for new physics studies.

Currentless reversal of Néel vector in antiferromagnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semenov, Yuriy G.; Li, Xi-Lai; Kim, Ki Wook

2017-01-01

The possibility of magnetization reversal via a bias-mediated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is examined theoretically in an antiferromagnet. The numerical analyses based on a Néel vector formulation as well as the micromagnetic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulation reveal that the desired switching can be achieved through dynamical responses that are significantly different from their ferromagnetic counterparts. Instead of the usual precessional trajectories around the applied effective magnetic field, their motions are rather pendulum-like due to the layered magnetic sublattices with a strong antiparallel exchange interaction, where the inertial behavior plays a crucial role. The absence of spiral damping can also lead to faster relaxation by orders of magnitude. With no reliance on the current driven processes, the investigated mechanism is predicted with a low energy requirement of only a few aJ per switching operation in the antiferromagnets.

Sea level rise and the ongoing Battle of Tarawa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donner, Simon

2012-04-01

At dawn on 20 November 1943, U.S. marines launched an assault on Tarawa, a Japanese-held atoll in the British Protectorate of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. The water in the lagoon was only 3 feet deep that morning, less than the 4-5 feet required by a fully loaded personnel carrier to navigate the waters. As a result, marines saddled with equipment were forced to wade almost a mile across the lagoon under heavy Japanese fire. The United States won the Battle of Tarawa, but it proved to be one of the bloodiest battles of the war; almost 6000 Japanese, Americans, and Gilbertese were killed in just 3 days of fighting. Of the American fatalities, almost half occurred because U.S. military planners ignored warnings about the local tides on the morning of the assault [e.g., Wright, 2000].

Honors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anonymous

2013-07-01

The Geological Society of America's (GSA) new class of medal and award recipients and fellows includes many AGU members. Medal and award recipients are Stephen G. Pollock, University of Southern Maine: GSA Distinguished Service Award; John R. Wheaton, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology: John C. Frye Award; Clifford A. Jacobs, National Science Foundation (NSF): Outstanding Contributions Award, Geoinformatics Division; Peter Bird, University of California, Los Angeles (emeritus): George P. Woollard Award, Geophysics Division; Chunmiao Zheng, University of Alabama: O. E. Meinzer Award, Hydrogeology Division; Gerhard Wörner, Georg August Universität Göttingen: Distinguished Geologic Career Award, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Petrology, and Volcanology Division; Alan D. Howard, University of Virginia: G. K. Gilbert Award, Planetary Geology Division; Michael E. Perkins, University of Utah: Kirk Bryan Award for Research Excellence, Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division; and Peter J. Hudleston, University of Minnesota: Career Contribution Award, Structural Geology and Tectonics Division.

Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Young Subjects with Sleep Apnea

PubMed Central

Buterbaugh, John; Wynstra, Charles; Provencio, Natalie; Combs, Daniel; Gilbert, Michael; Parthasarathy, Sairam

2015-01-01

Study Objectives: Regional brain alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis and adverse consequences of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The objectives for the current study were to (1) determine cerebrovascular reactivity in the motor areas that control upper airway musculature in patients with OSA, and (2) determine whether young patients with OSA have decreased cerebrovascular reactivity in response to breath holding. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Academic center. Participants: Twelve subjects with OSA (age 24–42 y; apnea-hypopnea index 17; interquartile range [IQR] 9, 69 per hour) and control subjects (n = 10; age 29–44 y; AHI 2; IQR 1, 3 per hour). Measurements and Results: Subjects underwent blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) while awake, swallowing, and breath holding. In subjects with OSA, during swallowing, there was less activity in the brainstem than in controls (P = 0.03) that remained reduced after adjusting for cortical motor strip activity (P = 0.036). In OSA subjects, brain regions of increased cerebrovascular reactivity (38; IQR 17, 96 cm3) was smaller than that in controls (199; IQR 5, 423 cm3; P = 0.01). In OSA subjects, brain regions of decreased cerebrovascular reactivity during breath hold was greater (P = 0.01), and the ratio of increased-to-decreased brain regions was lower than that of controls (P = 0.006). Adjustment for cerebral volumes, body mass index, and white matter lesions did not change these results substantively. Conclusions: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diminished change in brainstem activity during swallowing and reduced cerebrovascular reactivity may contribute to the etiopathogenesis and adverse cerebrovascular consequences, respectively. We speculate that decreased cerebral auto-regulation may be causative of gray matter loss in OSA. Citation: Buterbaugh J, Wynstra C, Provencio N, Combs D, Gilbert M, Parthasarathy S. Cerebrovascular reactivity in young subjects with sleep apnea. SLEEP 2015;38(2):241–250. PMID:25409111

Large Deviations and Transitions Between Equilibria for Stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brzeźniak, Zdzisław; Goldys, Ben; Jegaraj, Terence

2017-11-01

We study a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation on a bounded interval and with finite dimensional noise. We first show that there exists a pathwise unique solution to this equation and that this solution enjoys the maximal regularity property. Next, we prove the large deviations principle for the small noise asymptotic of solutions using the weak convergence method. An essential ingredient of the proof is the compactness, or weak to strong continuity, of the solution map for a deterministic Landau-Lifschitz equation when considered as a transformation of external fields. We then apply this large deviations principle to show that small noise can cause magnetisation reversal. We also show the importance of the shape anisotropy parameter for reducing the disturbance of the solution caused by small noise. The problem is motivated by applications from ferromagnetic nanowires to the fabrication of magnetic memories.

Chemistry Comes Alive! Vol. 3: Abstract of Special Issue 23 on CD-ROM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W.

1999-09-01

Literature Cited

1. Jacobsen, J. J.; Moore, J. W. Chemistry Comes Alive! Vol. 1 [CD-ROM]; J. Chem. Educ. Software 1998, SP 18.

2. Jacobsen, J. J.; Moore, J. W. Chemistry Comes Alive! Vol. 2 [CD-ROM]; J. Chem. Educ. Software 1998, SP 21.

3. Moore, J. W.; Jacobsen, J. J.; Hunsberger, L. R.; Gammon, S. D.; Jetzer, K. H.; Zimmerman, J. ChemDemos Videodisc; J. Chem. Educ. Software 1994, SP 8.

4. Moore, J. W.; Jacobsen, J. J.; Jetzer, K. H.; Gilbert, G.; Mattes, F.; Phillips, D.; Lisensky, G.; Zweerink, G. ChemDemos II; J. Chem. Educ. Software 1996, SP 14.

5. Jacobsen, J. J.; Jetzer, K. H.; Patani, N.; Zimmerman, J. Titration Techniques Videodisc; J. Chem. Educ. Software 1995, SP9.

Artificial local magnetic field inhomogeneity enhances T2 relaxivity

PubMed Central

Zhou, Zijian; Tian, Rui; Wang, Zhenyu; Yang, Zhen; Liu, Yijing; Liu, Gang; Wang, Ruifang; Song, Jibin; Nie, Liming; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2017-01-01

Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is perhaps the most effective, yet intriguing strategy to enhance T2 relaxivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood and the attempts to generalize the classic outersphere theory from single particles to clusters have been found to be inadequate. Here we show that clustering of MNPs enhances local field inhomogeneity due to reduced field symmetry, which can be further elevated by artificially involving iron oxide NPs with heterogeneous geometries in terms of size and shape. The r2 values of iron oxide clusters and Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert simulations confirmed our hypothesis, indicating that solving magnetic field inhomogeneity may become a powerful way to build correlation between magnetization and T2 relaxivity of MNPs, especially magnetic clusters. This study provides a simple yet distinct mechanism to interpret T2 relaxivity of MNPs, which is crucial to the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents. PMID:28516947

Magic, science and masculinity: marketing toy chemistry sets.

PubMed

Al-Gailani, Salim

2009-12-01

At least since the late nineteenth century, toy chemistry sets have featured in standard scripts of the achievement of eminence in science, and they remain important in constructions of scientific identity. Using a selection of these toys manufactured in Britain and the United States, and with particular reference to the two dominant American brands, Gilbert and Chemcraft, this paper suggests that early twentieth-century chemistry sets were rooted in overlapping Victorian traditions of entertainment magic and scientific recreations. As chemistry set marketing copy gradually reoriented towards emphasising scientific modernity, citizenship, discipline and educational value, pre-twentieth-century traditions were subsumed within domestic-and specifically masculine-tropes. These developments in branding strategies point to transformations in both users' engagement with their chemistry sets and the role of scientific toys in domestic play. The chemistry set serves here as a useful tool for measuring cultural change and lay engagement with chemistry.

Reconfigurable nanoscale spin-wave directional coupler

PubMed Central

Wang, Qi; Pirro, Philipp; Verba, Roman; Slavin, Andrei; Hillebrands, Burkard; Chumak, Andrii V.

2018-01-01

Spin waves, and their quanta magnons, are prospective data carriers in future signal processing systems because Gilbert damping associated with the spin-wave propagation can be made substantially lower than the Joule heat losses in electronic devices. Although individual spin-wave signal processing devices have been successfully developed, the challenging contemporary problem is the formation of two-dimensional planar integrated spin-wave circuits. Using both micromagnetic modeling and analytical theory, we present an effective solution of this problem based on the dipolar interaction between two laterally adjacent nanoscale spin-wave waveguides. The developed device based on this principle can work as a multifunctional and dynamically reconfigurable signal directional coupler performing the functions of a waveguide crossing element, tunable power splitter, frequency separator, or multiplexer. The proposed design of a spin-wave directional coupler can be used both in digital logic circuits intended for spin-wave computing and in analog microwave signal processing devices. PMID:29376117

Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Inchasi: a Pliocene mammal-bearing locality from the Bolivian Andes deposited just before the Great American Interchange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacFadden, Bruce J.; Anaya, Federico; Argollo, Jaime

1993-01-01

The newly discovered section at Inchasi, located about 50 km southeast of Potosi, Bolivia, in the eastern Cordillera, consists of about 120 m of undeformed terrestrial sediments containing fossil mammals. Paleomagnetic analysis of 54 sites indicates a polarity pattern with an estimated duration of about 0.64 Ma. The rich Inchasi local fauna indicates a Montehermosan and/or Chapadmalalan land mammal age (Pliocene). Given these constraints, Inchasi correlates from the interval between the late Gilbert (within the Cochiti subchron) to the early Gauss (within the Mammoth subchron) chrons; that is, between about 4.0 and 3.3 Ma. The distinct lack of North American mammals in the Inchasi local fauna provides some of the first well-calibrated evidence that the Great American Interchange occurred after about 3.0 Ma, as has been previously stated based on other calibrations of the earliest immigrant (Uquian) faunas.

Estimating effective data density in a satellite retrieval or an objective analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Purser, R. J.; Huang, H.-L.

1993-01-01

An attempt is made to formulate consistent objective definitions of the concept of 'effective data density' applicable both in the context of satellite soundings and more generally in objective data analysis. The definitions based upon various forms of Backus-Gilbert 'spread' functions are found to be seriously misleading in satellite soundings where the model resolution function (expressing the sensitivity of retrieval or analysis to changes in the background error) features sidelobes. Instead, estimates derived by smoothing the trace components of the model resolution function are proposed. The new estimates are found to be more reliable and informative in simulated satellite retrieval problems and, for the special case of uniformly spaced perfect observations, agree exactly with their actual density. The new estimates integrate to the 'degrees of freedom for signal', a diagnostic that is invariant to changes of units or coordinates used.

Power loss for a periodically driven ferromagnetic nanoparticle in a viscous fluid: The finite anisotropy aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyutyy, T. V.; Hryshko, O. M.; Kovner, A. A.

2018-01-01

The coupled magnetic and mechanical motion of a ferromagnetic nanoparticle in a viscous fluid is considered within the dynamical approach. The equation based on the total momentum conservation law is used for the description of the mechanical rotation, while the modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is utilized for the description of the internal magnetic dynamics. The exact expressions for the particles trajectories and the power loss are obtained in the linear approximation. The comparison with the results of other widespread approaches, such as the model of fixed particle and the model of rigid dipole, is performed. It is established that in the small oscillations mode the damping precession of the nanoparticle magnetic moment is the main channel of energy dissipation, but the motion of the nanoparticle easy axis can significantly influence the value of the resulting power loss.

Spin switches for compact implementation of neuron and synapse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quang Diep, Vinh; Sutton, Brian; Behin-Aein, Behtash; Datta, Supriyo

2014-06-01

Nanomagnets driven by spin currents provide a natural implementation for a neuron and a synapse: currents allow convenient summation of multiple inputs, while the magnet provides the threshold function. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibility of a hardware neural network implementation using a spin switch (SS) as its basic building block. SS is a recently proposed device based on established technology with a transistor-like gain and input-output isolation. This allows neural networks to be constructed with purely passive interconnections without intervening clocks or amplifiers. The weights for the neural network are conveniently adjusted through analog voltages that can be stored in a non-volatile manner in an underlying CMOS layer using a floating gate low dropout voltage regulator. The operation of a multi-layer SS neural network designed for character recognition is demonstrated using a standard simulation model based on coupled Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations, one for each magnet in the network.

Level density and mechanism of deuteron-induced reactions on Fe 54 , 56 , 58

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramirez, A. P. D.; Voinov, A. V.; Grimes, S. M.

Here, deuteron elastic cross sections, as well as neutron, proton, and α-particle emission spectra, from d+ 54,56,58Fe reactions have been measured with deuteron beam energies of 5, 7, and 9 MeV. Optical model parameters have been tested against our experimental data. The fraction of total reaction cross section responsible for the formation of compound nuclei has been deduced from the angular distributions. The degree of discrepancy between calculated and experimental compound cross sections was found to increase with increasing neutron number. The nuclear level densities of the residual nuclei 55Co, 57Co, 55Fe, 57Fe, 52Mn, and 54Mn have been deduced frommore » the compound double differential cross sections. The Gilbert-Cameron model with Iljinov parameter systematics [A. S. Iljinov and M. V. Mebel, Nucl. Phys. A 543, 517 (1992)] was found to have a good agreement with our results.« less

Performance of current-in-plane pseudo-spin-valve devices on CMOS silicon-on-insulator underlayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katti, R. R.; Zou, D.; Reed, D.; Schipper, D.; Hynes, O.; Shaw, G.; Kaakani, H.

2003-05-01

Prior work has shown that current-in-plane (CIP) giant magnetoresistive (GMR) pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) devices grown on bulk Si wafers and bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) underlayers exhibit write and read characteristics that are suitable for application as nonvolatile memory devices. In this work, CIP GMR PSV devices fabricated on silicon-on-insulator CMOS underlayers are shown to support write and read performance. Reading and writing fields for selected devices are shown to be approximately 25%-50% that of unselected devices, which provides a margin for reading and writing specific bits in a memory without overwriting bits and without disturbing other bits. The switching characteristics of experimental devices were compared to and found to be similar with Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert micromagnetic modeling results, which allowed inferring regions of reversible and irreversible rotations in magnetic reversal processes.

CFB: technology of the future?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blankship, S.

2008-02-15

Fuel flexibility and a smaller carbon footprint are behind renewed interest in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology. The article explains the technology of CFB and discusses development of CFB units since the late 1990s. China is seeing an explosion in the number of utility-size CFBs. Alstom, Foster Wheeler, Babcock and Wilson and Alex Kvaener are today's major CFB boiler manufacturers. Alstom is testing and developing oxy-firing and post-combustion carbon capture strategies on CFB boilers. One CFB asset is its ability to burn a variety of fuels including waste coal, high sulfur coal and even discarded tires. The article mentions successfulmore » CFB projects at the Seward Station using waste coal and at the Gilbert 3 plant in the USA. Lamar is converting its Light and Power Plant from natural gas to burn coal in a 38.5 MW CFB boiler. 1 tab., 3 photos.« less

Optimal spin current pattern for fast domain wall propagation in nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Peng; Sun, Zhouzhou; Schliemann, John; Wang, Xiangrong

2011-03-01

One of the important issues in nanomagnetism is to lower the current needed for a technologically useful domain wall (DW) propagation speed. Based on the modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation with both Slonczewski spin-transfer torque and the field-like torque, we derive an optimal temporally and spatially varying spin current pattern for fast DW propagation along nanowires. Under such conditions, the DW velocity in biaxial wires can be enhanced as much as tens of times higher than that achieved in experiments so far. Moreover, the fast variation of spin polarization can efficiently help DW depinning. Possible experimental realizations are discussed. This work is supported by Hong Kong RGC grants (#603508, 604109, RPC10SC05 and HKU10/CRF/08-HKUST17/CRF/08), and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via SFB 689. ZZS thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) for a grant.

Antirationalist critique or fifth column of scientism? Challenges from Doctor Who to the mad scientist trope.

PubMed

Orthia, Lindy A

2011-07-01

Much of the public understanding of science literature dealing with fictional scientists claims that scientist villains by their nature embody an antiscience critique. I characterize this claim and its founding assumptions as the "mad scientist" trope. I show how scientist villain characters from the science fiction television series Doctor Who undermine the trope via the programme's use of rhetorical strategies similar to Gilbert and Mulkay's empiricist and contingent repertoires, which define and patrol the boundaries between "science" and "non-science." I discuss three such strategies, including the literal framing of scientist villains as "mad." All three strategies exclude the characters from science, relieve science of responsibility for their villainy, and overtly or covertly contribute to the delivery of pro-science messages consistent with rationalist scientism. I focus on scientist villains from the most popular era of Doctor Who, the mid 1970s, when the show embraced the gothic horror genre.

Vibracore, Radiocarbon, Microfossil, and Grain-Size Data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Twichell, D.C.; Pendleton, E.A.; Poore, R.Z.; Osterman, L.E.; Kelso, K.W.

2009-01-01

In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 24 vibracores within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The vibracores were collected by using a Rossfelder electric percussive (P-3) vibracore system during a cruise on the Research Vessel (R/V) G.K. Gilbert. Selection of the core sites was based on a geophysical survey that was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coastal Services Center (CSC) and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. This report contains the vibracore data logs, photographs, and core-derived data including grain-size analyses, radiocarbon ages, microfossil counts, and sedimentological interpretations. The long-term goal of this study is to provide maps, data, and assistance to the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in their effort to monitor and understand the geology and ecology of Apalachicola Bay Estuary. These data will inform coastal managers charged with the responsibility for resource preservation.

Detection of the spin injection into silicon by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohshima, Ryo; Dushenko, Sergey; Ando, Yuichiro; Weiler, Mathias; Klingler, Stefan; Huebl, Hans; Shinjo, Teruya; Goennenwein, Sebastian; Shiraishi, Masashi

Silicon (Si) based spintronics was eagerly studied to realize spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) since it has long spin lifetime and gate tunability. The operation of n-type Si spin MOSFET was successfully demonstrated, however, their resistivity is still too low for practical applications and a systematic study of spin injection properties (such as spin lifetime, spin injection efficiency and so on) from the ferromagnet into the Si with different resistivity is awaited for further progress in Si spintronics. In this study, we show the spin injection by spin pumping technique in the NiFe(Py)/Si system. Broadband FMR measurement was carried out to see the enhancement of the Gilbert damping parameter with different resistivity of the Si channel. Additional damping indicated the successful spin injection by spin pumping and observed even for the Si channel with high resistivity, which is necessary for the gate operation of the device.

Total decay and transition rates from LQCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Maxwell T.; Meyer, Harvey B.; Robaina, Daniel

2018-03-01

We present a new technique for extracting total transition rates into final states with any number of hadrons from lattice QCD. The method involves constructing a finite-volume Euclidean four-point function whose corresponding infinite-volume spectral function gives access to the decay and transition rates into all allowed final states. The inverse problem of calculating the spectral function is solved via the Backus-Gilbert method, which automatically includes a smoothing procedure. This smoothing is in fact required so that an infinite-volume limit of the spectral function exists. Using a numerical toy example we find that reasonable precision can be achieved with realistic lattice data. In addition, we discuss possible extensions of our approach and, as an example application, prospects for applying the formalism to study the onset of deep-inelastic scattering. More details are given in the published version of this work, Ref. [1].

The need for control of magnetic parameters for energy efficient performance of magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farhat, I. A. H.; Gale, E.; Alpha, C.; Isakovic, A. F.

2017-07-01

Optimizing energy performance of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) is the key for embedding Spin Transfer Torque-Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) in low power circuits. Due to the complex interdependencies of the parameters and variables of the device operating energy, it is important to analyse parameters with most effective control of MTJ power. The impact of threshold current density, Jco , on the energy and the impact of HK on Jco are studied analytically, following the expressions that stem from Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS-STT) model. In addition, the impact of other magnetic material parameters, such as Ms , and geometric parameters such as tfree and λ is discussed. Device modelling study was conducted to analyse the impact at the circuit level. Nano-magnetism simulation based on NMAGTM package was conducted to analyse the impact of controlling HK on the switching dynamics of the film.

Band-pass Fabry-Pèrot magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Abhishek; Tulapurkar, Ashwin. A.; Muralidharan, Bhaskaran

2018-05-01

We propose a high-performance magnetic tunnel junction by making electronic analogs of optical phenomena such as anti-reflections and Fabry-Pèrot resonances. The devices we propose feature anti-reflection enabled superlattice heterostructures sandwiched between the fixed and the free ferromagnets of the magnetic tunnel junction structure. Our predictions are based on non-equilibrium Green's function spin transport formalism coupled self-consistently with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation. Owing to the physics of bandpass spin filtering in the bandpass Fabry-Pèrot magnetic tunnel junction device, we demonstrate an ultra-high boost in the tunnel magneto-resistance (≈5 × 104%) and nearly 1200% suppression of spin transfer torque switching bias in comparison to a traditional trilayer magnetic tunnel junction device. The proof of concepts presented here can lead to next-generation spintronic device design harvesting the rich physics of superlattice heterostructures and exploiting spintronic analogs of optical phenomena.

17. Copy of a post card showing the Lavelle School ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Copy of a post card showing the Lavelle School and its first graduating class, c. 1890. The people are identified as: (1st row L to R) Charles Walker, Raymond Hornberger, Kenneth Keller, Dan Walker, Gilbert Lenker, and John Wetzel (from Locustdale); (2nd row L to R) Tim Snyder, Art Hornberger, John Wetzel (from Lavelle), ? Keller, Bright Enterline, Emerson Keller, Art Krah, and Leroy Henninger; (3rd row L to R) Hannah Wetzel, Vernie Hepler, Nona Snyder, Alice Dillman, Edith (Krah) Wolfgang, and Florence (Leach) Paul; (4th row L to R) Elva Paul, Vernie Wolfgang, Marie Enterline Walker, and Annie Hunter; (5th row L to R) Edna Walker, Martha Hornberger (Teacher), and Emma Dillman. (Copy of photo reproduced with permission from the Ashland Public ... - Lavelle School, Township Road 905, Main Street, Village of Lavelle, Lavelle, Schuylkill County, PA

Francis Bacon and Magnetical Cosmology.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaona

2016-12-01

A short-lived but important movement in seventeenth-century English natural philosophy—which scholars call “magnetical philosophy” or “magnetical cosmology”—sought to understand gravity (both terrestrial and celestial) by analogy with magnetism. The movement was clearly inspired by William Gilbert’s De magnete (1600) and culminated with Robert Hooke’s prefiguring of the universal principle of gravitation, which he personally communicated to Isaac Newton in 1679. But the magnetical cosmology, as professed by those in the movement, differed from Gilbert’s philosophy in highly significant ways. Proponents never accepted Gilbert’s animistic account of magnets and seem tacitly to have accepted a belief in action at a distance that Gilbert himself rejected. This essay argues that Francis Bacon (1561–1626) had already provided just the adaptations to Gilbert’s philosophy that the later thinkers adopted, including an important endorsement of action at a distance, and that he should be recognized as playing an important role in the movement.

Discovery of multi-ring basins - Gestalt perception in planetary science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartmann, W. K.

1981-01-01

Early selenographers resolved individual structural components of multi-ring basin systems but missed the underlying large-scale multi-ring basin patterns. The recognition of multi-ring basins as a general class of planetary features can be divided into five steps. Gilbert (1893) took a first step in recognizing radial 'sculpture' around the Imbrium basin system. Several writers through the 1940's rediscovered the radial sculpture and extended this concept by describing concentric rings around several circular maria. Some reminiscences are given about the fourth step - discovery of the Orientale basin and other basin systems by rectified lunar photography at the University of Arizona in 1961-62. Multi-ring basins remained a lunar phenomenon until the fifth step - discovery of similar systems of features on other planets, such as Mars (1972), Mercury (1974), and possibly Callisto and Ganymede (1979). This sequence is an example of gestalt recognition whose implications for scientific research are discussed.

Baseline high heat flux and plasma facing materials for fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ueda, Y.; Schmid, K.; Balden, M.; Coenen, J. W.; Loewenhoff, Th.; Ito, A.; Hasegawa, A.; Hardie, C.; Porton, M.; Gilbert, M.

2017-09-01

In fusion reactors, surfaces of plasma facing components (PFCs) are exposed to high heat and particle flux. Tungsten and Copper alloys are primary candidates for plasma facing materials (PFMs) and coolant tube materials, respectively, mainly due to high thermal conductivity and, in the case of tungsten, its high melting point. In this paper, recent understandings and future issues on responses of tungsten and Cu alloys to fusion environments (high particle flux (including T and He), high heat flux, and high neutron doses) are reviewed. This review paper includes; Tritium retention in tungsten (K. Schmid and M. Balden), Impact of stationary and transient heat loads on tungsten (J.W. Coenen and Th. Loewenhoff), Helium effects on surface morphology of tungsten (Y. Ueda and A. Ito), Neutron radiation effects in tungsten (A. Hasegawa), and Copper and copper alloys development for high heat flux components (C. Hardie, M. Porton, and M. Gilbert).

Mode coupling in spin torque oscillators

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Steven S. -L.; Zhou, Yan; Li, Dong; ...

2016-09-15

A number of recent experimental works have shown that the dynamics of a single spin torque oscillator can exhibit complex behavior that stems from interactions between two or more modes of the oscillator, such as observed mode-hopping or mode coexistence. There has been some initial work indicating how the theory for a single-mode (macro-spin) spin torque oscillator should be generalized to include several modes and the interactions between them. In the present work, we rigorously derive such a theory starting with the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics by expanding up to third-order terms in deviation from equilibrium. Here, our resultsmore » show how a linear mode coupling, which is necessary for observed mode-hopping to occur, arises through coupling to a magnon bath. In conclusion, the acquired temperature dependence of this coupling implies that the manifold of orbits and fixed points may shift with temperature.« less

The medical collections at the University of Glasgow.

PubMed

Reilly, Maggie; McDonald, Stuart W

2009-01-01

The medical and other collections in the University of Glasgow have at their core the generous bequest of Dr William Hunter (1718 - 1783), a local man who rose to become an internationally renowned anatomist and obstetrician. The University does not have a Medical Museum as such but an Anatomy Museum, a Zoology Museum, a Pathology Collection, medical displays in the main halls of the Hunterian Museum in the Gilbert Scott Building and a rich collection of antiquarian medical books and archives as well as contemporary libraries. The Hunterian Collection, since its inauguration at the University of Glasgow in 1807, has engendered a spirit of diversity and scholarship that embraces many disciplines across the campus. The Hunterian Museum was the first public museum in Scotland and service to the local, national and international communities and response to their academic needs is very much at heart of its function today.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Steven S. -L.; Zhou, Yan; Li, Dong

A number of recent experimental works have shown that the dynamics of a single spin torque oscillator can exhibit complex behavior that stems from interactions between two or more modes of the oscillator, such as observed mode-hopping or mode coexistence. There has been some initial work indicating how the theory for a single-mode (macro-spin) spin torque oscillator should be generalized to include several modes and the interactions between them. In the present work, we rigorously derive such a theory starting with the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics by expanding up to third-order terms in deviation from equilibrium. Here, our resultsmore » show how a linear mode coupling, which is necessary for observed mode-hopping to occur, arises through coupling to a magnon bath. In conclusion, the acquired temperature dependence of this coupling implies that the manifold of orbits and fixed points may shift with temperature.« less

Level density and mechanism of deuteron-induced reactions on Fe 54 , 56 , 58

DOE PAGES

Ramirez, A. P. D.; Voinov, A. V.; Grimes, S. M.; ...

2015-07-06

Here, deuteron elastic cross sections, as well as neutron, proton, and α-particle emission spectra, from d+ 54,56,58Fe reactions have been measured with deuteron beam energies of 5, 7, and 9 MeV. Optical model parameters have been tested against our experimental data. The fraction of total reaction cross section responsible for the formation of compound nuclei has been deduced from the angular distributions. The degree of discrepancy between calculated and experimental compound cross sections was found to increase with increasing neutron number. The nuclear level densities of the residual nuclei 55Co, 57Co, 55Fe, 57Fe, 52Mn, and 54Mn have been deduced frommore » the compound double differential cross sections. The Gilbert-Cameron model with Iljinov parameter systematics [A. S. Iljinov and M. V. Mebel, Nucl. Phys. A 543, 517 (1992)] was found to have a good agreement with our results.« less

Color: Physics and Perception

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilbert, Pupa

Unless we are colorblind, as soon as we look at something, we know what color it is. Simple, isn't it? No, not really. The color we see is rarely just determined by the physical color, that is, the wavelength of visible light associated with that color. Other factors, such as the illuminating light, or the brightness surrounding a certain color, affect our perception of that color. Most striking, and useful, is understanding how the retina and the brain work together to interpret the color we see, and how they can be fooled by additive color mixing, which makes it possible to have color screens and displays. I will show the physical origin of all these phenomena and give live demos as I explain how they work. Bring your own eyes! For more information: (1) watch TED talk: ``Color: Physics and Perception'' and (2) read book: PUPA Gilbert and W Haeberli ``Physics in the Arts'', ISBN 9780123918789.

Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence and the Geodynamo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shebalin, John V.

2014-01-01

The ARES Directorate at JSC has researched the physical processes that create planetary magnetic fields through dynamo action since 2007. The "dynamo problem" has existed since 1600, when William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I, recognized that the Earth was a giant magnet. In 1919, Joseph Larmor proposed that solar (and by implication, planetary) magnetism was due to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), but full acceptance did not occur until Glatzmaier and Roberts solved the MHD equations numerically and simulated a geomagnetic reversal in 1995. JSC research produced a unique theoretical model in 2012 that provided a novel explanation of these physical observations and computational results as an essential manifestation of broken ergodicity in MHD turbulence. Research is ongoing, and future work is aimed at understanding quantitative details of magnetic dipole alignment in the Earth as well as in Mercury, Jupiter and its moon Ganymede, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the Sun and other stars.

Enhancement of Spin-transfer torque switching via resonant tunneling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chatterji, Niladri; Tulapurkar, Ashwin A.; Muralidharan, Bhaskaran

We propose the use of resonant tunneling as a route to enhance the spin-transfer torque switching characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions. The proposed device structure is a resonant tunneling magnetic tunnel junction based on a MgO-semiconductor heterostructure sandwiched between a fixed magnet and a free magnet. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism coupled self consistently with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation, we demonstrate enhanced tunnel magneto-resistance characteristics as well as lower switching voltages in comparison with traditional trilayer devices. Two device designs based on MgO based heterostructures are presented, where the physics of resonant tunneling leads to an enhanced spin transfer torquemore » thereby reducing the critical switching voltage by up to 44%. It is envisioned that the proof-of-concept presented here may lead to practical device designs via rigorous materials and interface studies.« less

Archive of chirp seismic reflection data collected during USGS cruises 00SCC02 and 00SCC04, Barataria Basin, Louisiana, May 12-31 and June 17-July 2, 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Calderon, Karynna; Dadisman, S.V.; Kindinger, J.L.; Flocks, J.G.; Wiese, D.S.; Kulp, Mark; Penland, Shea; Britsch, L.D.; Brooks, G.R.

2003-01-01

This archive consists of two-dimensional marine seismic reflection profile data collected in the Barataria Basin of southern Louisiana. These data were acquired in May, June, and July of 2000 aboard the R/V G.K. Gilbert. Included here are data in a variety of formats including binary, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML), shapefiles, and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and GIF images of the profiles may be viewed with a web browser. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) information provided here is compatible with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) GIS software.

Spin-torque driven magnetization switching in ferromagnetic nanopillar with pinned layer biasing configuration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhoomeeswaran, H.; Sabareesan, P., E-mail: sendtosabari@gmail.com; Bharathi, B. Divya

2016-05-06

Magnetization switching driven by spin transfer torque in a ferromagnetic nanopillar by biasing the angular polarizer with different orientation has been studied. The free layer dynamics includes the spin torque from the oscillating free layer with magneto crystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy, which is governed by the Landau-Lifshitsz-Gilbert-Slonczweski (LLGS) equation and solving it numerically by using embedded Runge Kutta fourth order method. Results of numerical simulation shows that there is a drastic reduction of switching time in the free layer by the orientation of angular polarizer of the nano pillar device. We fixed the angular polarizer as 0°, 30°, 60°,more » 90° and the corresponding switching time is 6.53 ns, 4.36 ns, 2.25 ns and 1.21 ns respectively for an applied current density of 5 × 10{sup 11} Am{sup −2}.« less

Spin-orbit torque-induced switching in ferrimagnetic alloys: Experiments and modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Je, Soong-Geun; Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos; Pham, Thai Ha; Vallobra, Pierre; Malinowski, Gregory; Lacour, Daniel; Fache, Thibaud; Cyrille, Marie-Claire; Kim, Dae-Yun; Choe, Sug-Bong; Belmeguenai, Mohamed; Hehn, Michel; Mangin, Stéphane; Gaudin, Gilles; Boulle, Olivier

2018-02-01

We investigate spin-orbit torque (SOT)-induced switching in rare-earth-transition metal ferrimagnetic alloys using W/CoTb bilayers. The switching current is found to vary continuously with the alloy concentration, and no reduction in the switching current is observed at the magnetic compensation point despite a very large SOT efficiency. A model based on coupled Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert (LLG) equations shows that the switching current density scales with the effective perpendicular anisotropy which does not exhibit strong reduction at the magnetic compensation, explaining the behavior of the switching current density. This model also suggests that conventional SOT effective field measurements do not allow one to conclude whether the spins are transferred to one sublattice or just simply to the net magnetization. The effective spin Hall angle measurement shows an enhancement of the spin Hall angle with the Tb concentration which suggests an additional SOT contribution from the rare earth Tb atoms.

Delta II ICESat-2 Booster Transport

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-17

At Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, on Tuesday, April 17, 2018, a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II booster is transported to Space Launch Complex-2 where it will launch NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, satellite. This will be the last flight for the venerable Delta II rocket. ICESat-2, which is being built and tested by Orbital ATK in Gilbert, Arizona, will carry a single instrument called the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, or ATLAS. The ATLAS instrument is being built and tested at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland. Once in orbit, the satellite is designed to measure the height of a changing Earth, one laser pulse at a time, 10,000 laser pulses a second. ICESat-2 will help scientists investigate why, and how much, Earth’s frozen and icy areas, called the cryosphere, are changing.

Delta II ICESat-2 Booster Transport

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-17

At NASA's Building 836, the Spacecraft Labs Telemetry Station at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, on Tuesday, April 17, 2018, a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II booster is transported to Space Launch Complex-2 where it will launch NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, satellite. This will be the last flight for the venerable Delta II rocket. ICESat-2, which is being built and tested by Orbital ATK in Gilbert, Arizona, will carry a single instrument called the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, or ATLAS. The ATLAS instrument is being built and tested at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland. Once in orbit, the satellite is designed to measure the height of a changing Earth, one laser pulse at a time, 10,000 laser pulses a second. ICESat-2 will help scientists investigate why, and how much, Earth’s frozen and icy areas, called the cryosphere, are changing.

Delta II ICESat-2 Booster Transport

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-17

At Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, on Tuesday, April 17, 2018, a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II booster arrives at Space Launch Complex-2 where it will launch NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, satellite. This will be the last flight for the venerable Delta II rocket. ICESat-2, which is being built and tested by Orbital ATK in Gilbert, Arizona, will carry a single instrument called the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, or ATLAS. The ATLAS instrument is being built and tested at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland. Once in orbit, the satellite is designed to measure the height of a changing Earth, one laser pulse at a time, 10,000 laser pulses a second. ICESat-2 will help scientists investigate why, and how much, Earth’s frozen and icy areas, called the cryosphere, are changing.

Reconfigurable nanoscale spin-wave directional coupler.

PubMed

Wang, Qi; Pirro, Philipp; Verba, Roman; Slavin, Andrei; Hillebrands, Burkard; Chumak, Andrii V

2018-01-01

Spin waves, and their quanta magnons, are prospective data carriers in future signal processing systems because Gilbert damping associated with the spin-wave propagation can be made substantially lower than the Joule heat losses in electronic devices. Although individual spin-wave signal processing devices have been successfully developed, the challenging contemporary problem is the formation of two-dimensional planar integrated spin-wave circuits. Using both micromagnetic modeling and analytical theory, we present an effective solution of this problem based on the dipolar interaction between two laterally adjacent nanoscale spin-wave waveguides. The developed device based on this principle can work as a multifunctional and dynamically reconfigurable signal directional coupler performing the functions of a waveguide crossing element, tunable power splitter, frequency separator, or multiplexer. The proposed design of a spin-wave directional coupler can be used both in digital logic circuits intended for spin-wave computing and in analog microwave signal processing devices.