Startup Notification Report 3rd Quarter FY17.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freeman, Roger D.; Petti, Jason P.

2017-11-01

This activity is being revised based on the November 2016 Project Plan and Installation Plan. These documents were developed and issued due to a change in the design responsibilities, assigned project personnel and the change in the installation of the RCS subsystems.

A Generalized Precharging Strategy for Soft Startup Process of the Modular Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC Systems

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Lei; Qin, Jiangchao; Wu, Xiajie; ...

2017-01-01

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter technologies for medium/high-power applications, specifically for highvoltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the technical challenges associated with the operation and control of the MMC-based system is to precharge the submodule (SM) capacitors to their nominal voltage during the startup process. In this paper, considering various SM circuits, a generalized precharging strategy is proposed for the MMC-based systems, which can implement soft stratup from dc or ac side. Furthermore, the proposed precharging strategy can be applicabe for various SM circuits and MMC configurations. The proposed startupmore » strategy does not require extra measurements and/or auxiliary power supplies. The charging current is controlled by adjusting the changing rate of the number of blocked and bypassed SM capacitors. Based on the proposed startup strategy, the startup processes of MMC/MMC-HVDC systems based on various SM circuits are analyzed and a generalized startup procedure for various MMC-HVDC systems is proposed. In addition, the uncontrollable steady-state SM capacitor voltages of various MMC-based systems are analyzed and determined, potentially useful in SM design. Our performance of the proposed strategy for various MMC-HVDC systems is evaluated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment and experimental results based on a scaled-down prototype.« less

A Generalized Precharging Strategy for Soft Startup Process of the Modular Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Lei; Qin, Jiangchao; Wu, Xiajie

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter technologies for medium/high-power applications, specifically for highvoltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the technical challenges associated with the operation and control of the MMC-based system is to precharge the submodule (SM) capacitors to their nominal voltage during the startup process. In this paper, considering various SM circuits, a generalized precharging strategy is proposed for the MMC-based systems, which can implement soft stratup from dc or ac side. Furthermore, the proposed precharging strategy can be applicabe for various SM circuits and MMC configurations. The proposed startupmore » strategy does not require extra measurements and/or auxiliary power supplies. The charging current is controlled by adjusting the changing rate of the number of blocked and bypassed SM capacitors. Based on the proposed startup strategy, the startup processes of MMC/MMC-HVDC systems based on various SM circuits are analyzed and a generalized startup procedure for various MMC-HVDC systems is proposed. In addition, the uncontrollable steady-state SM capacitor voltages of various MMC-based systems are analyzed and determined, potentially useful in SM design. Our performance of the proposed strategy for various MMC-HVDC systems is evaluated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment and experimental results based on a scaled-down prototype.« less

26 CFR 301.6222(a)-1 - Consistent treatment of partnership items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Partnership P incurred certain start-up costs before P was actively engaged in its business. P capitalized these costs. C, a partner in P, deducted C's proportionate share of these start-up costs. C's treatment...

Physics of Tokamak Plasma Start-up

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mueller, Dennis

2012-10-01

This tutorial describes and reviews the state-of-art in tokamak plasma start-up and its importance to next step devices such as ITER, a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility and a Tokamak/ST demo. Tokamak plasma start-up includes breakdown of the initial gas, ramp-up of the plasma current to its final value and the control of plasma parameters during those phases. Tokamaks rely on an inductive component, typically a central solenoid, which has enabled attainment of high performance levels that has enabled the construction of the ITER device. Optimizing the inductive start-up phase continues to be an area of active research, especially in regards to achieving ITER scenarios. A new generation of superconducting tokamaks, EAST and KSTAR, experiments on DIII-D and operation with JET's ITER-like wall are contributing towards this effort. Inductive start-up relies on transformer action to generate a toroidal loop voltage and successful start-up is determined by gas breakdown, avalanche physics and plasma-wall interaction. The goal of achieving steady-sate tokamak operation has motivated interest in other methods for start-up that do not rely on the central solenoid. These include Coaxial Helicity Injection, outer poloidal field coil start-up, and point source helicity injection, which have achieved 200, 150 and 100 kA respectively of toroidal current on closed flux surfaces. Other methods including merging reconnection startup and Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) plasma start-up are being studied on various devices. EBW start-up generates a directed electron channel due to wave particle interaction physics while the other methods mentioned rely on magnetic helicity injection and magnetic reconnection which are being modeled and understood using NIMROD code simulations.

Start-up and stabilization of an Anammox process from a non-acclimatized sludge in CSTR.

PubMed

Bagchi, Samik; Biswas, Rima; Nandy, Tapas

2010-09-01

Development of an Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process using non-acclimatized sludge requires a long start-up period owing to the very slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. This article addresses the issue of achieving a shorter start-up period for Anammox activity in a well-mixed continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using non-acclimatized anaerobic sludge. Proper selection of enrichment conditions and low stirring speed of 30 +/- 5 rpm resulted in a shorter start-up period (82 days). Activity tests revealed the microbial community structure of Anammox micro-granules. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found on the surface and on the outer most layers of granules while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and Anammox bacteria were present inside. Fine-tuning of influent NO2(-)/NH4+ ratio allowed Anammox activity to be maintained when mixed microbial populations were present. The maximum nitrogen removal rate achieved in the system was 0.216 kg N/(m(3) day) with a maximum specific nitrogen removal rate of 0.434 g N/(g VSS day). During the study period, Anammox activity was not inhibited by pH changes and free ammonia toxicity.

Successful IT Start-Ups' HRD Practices: Four Cases in South Korea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cho, Yonjoo; McLean, Gary N.

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify South Korea's successful IT start-ups' HRD practices to determine whether there are steps that must be taken to maintain their HRD expertise for continued growth. Design/methodology/approach: A case study approach employing four fast-growing IT start-up cases was undertaken based on semi-structured…

Charter Schools: Guidance Needed for Military Base Schools on Startup and Operational Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

to the school on weekends, which would prevent the school from holding extracurricular activities , such as morning tutorials or enrichment programs...first preference to children of active -duty personnel, who represented the preponderance of enrolled students. The schools were established to address...background check and show a pass. Several school officials reported difficulties conducting school activities such as open houses and sporting events

The effect of non traditional teaching methods in entrepreneurship education on students entrepreneurial interest and business startups: A data article.

PubMed

Olokundun, Maxwell; Moses, Chinonye Love; Iyiola, Oluwole; Ibidunni, Stephen; Ogbari, Mercy; Peter, Fred; Borishade, Taiye

2018-08-01

Traditional methods of teaching entrepreneurship in universities involves more theoretical approaches which are less effective in motivating considerations for an entrepreneurship career. This owes to the fact that such techniques essentially make students develop a dormant attitude rather than active participation. Expert views suggest that experiential entrepreneurship teaching methods in universities which involve practical activities and active participation can be considered salient to students' development of entrepreneurial interest an business startup potentials. This present study presents data on the extent to which experiential teaching methods in entrepreneurship adopted by Nigerian universities stimulate students' entrepreneurial interest and business startups. Data have been gathered following a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey conducted among university students ( N = 600) of four selected institutions in Nigeria offering a degree programme in entrepreneurship. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis was used in confirming the hypothesis proposed in the study using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.The findings from the analysis showed that the adoption of experiential practical activities considered as best practices in entrepreneurship teaching in Nigerian universities can stimulate students' interest and drive for engaging in business start-up activities even as undergraduates. The field data set is made extensively available to allow for critical investigation.

Digital Transformation and Disruption of the Health Care Sector: Internet-Based Observational Study.

PubMed

Herrmann, Maximilian; Boehme, Philip; Mondritzki, Thomas; Ehlers, Jan P; Kavadias, Stylianos; Truebel, Hubert

2018-03-27

Digital innovation, introduced across many industries, is a strong force of transformation. Some industries have seen faster transformation, whereas the health care sector only recently came into focus. A context where digital corporations move into health care, payers strive to keep rising costs at bay, and longer-living patients desire continuously improved quality of care points to a digital and value-based transformation with drastic implications for the health care sector. We tried to operationalize the discussion within the health care sector around digital and disruptive innovation to identify what type of technological enablers, business models, and value networks seem to be emerging from different groups of innovators with respect to their digital transformational efforts. From the Forbes 2000 and CBinsights databases, we identified 100 leading technology, life science, and start-up companies active in the health care sector. Further analysis identified projects from these companies within a digital context that were subsequently evaluated using the following criteria: delivery of patient value, presence of a comprehensive and distinctive underlying business model, solutions provided, and customer needs addressed. Our methodological approach recorded more than 400 projects and collaborations. We identified patterns that show established corporations rely more on incremental innovation that supports their current business models, while start-ups engage their flexibility to explore new market segments with notable transformations of established business models. Thereby, start-ups offer higher promises of disruptive innovation. Additionally, start-ups offer more diversified value propositions addressing broader areas of the health care sector. Digital transformation is an opportunity to accelerate health care performance by lowering cost and improving quality of care. At an economic scale, business models can be strengthened and disruptive innovation models enabled. Corporations should look for collaborations with start-up companies to keep investment costs at bay and off the balance sheet. At the same time, the regulatory knowledge of established corporations might help start-ups to kick off digital disruption in the health care sector. ©Maximilian Herrmann, Philip Boehme, Thomas Mondritzki, Jan P Ehlers, Stylianos Kavadias, Hubert Truebel. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 27.03.2018.

Digital Transformation and Disruption of the Health Care Sector: Internet-Based Observational Study

PubMed Central

Mondritzki, Thomas; Ehlers, Jan P; Kavadias, Stylianos

2018-01-01

Background Digital innovation, introduced across many industries, is a strong force of transformation. Some industries have seen faster transformation, whereas the health care sector only recently came into focus. A context where digital corporations move into health care, payers strive to keep rising costs at bay, and longer-living patients desire continuously improved quality of care points to a digital and value-based transformation with drastic implications for the health care sector. Objective We tried to operationalize the discussion within the health care sector around digital and disruptive innovation to identify what type of technological enablers, business models, and value networks seem to be emerging from different groups of innovators with respect to their digital transformational efforts. Methods From the Forbes 2000 and CBinsights databases, we identified 100 leading technology, life science, and start-up companies active in the health care sector. Further analysis identified projects from these companies within a digital context that were subsequently evaluated using the following criteria: delivery of patient value, presence of a comprehensive and distinctive underlying business model, solutions provided, and customer needs addressed. Results Our methodological approach recorded more than 400 projects and collaborations. We identified patterns that show established corporations rely more on incremental innovation that supports their current business models, while start-ups engage their flexibility to explore new market segments with notable transformations of established business models. Thereby, start-ups offer higher promises of disruptive innovation. Additionally, start-ups offer more diversified value propositions addressing broader areas of the health care sector. Conclusions Digital transformation is an opportunity to accelerate health care performance by lowering cost and improving quality of care. At an economic scale, business models can be strengthened and disruptive innovation models enabled. Corporations should look for collaborations with start-up companies to keep investment costs at bay and off the balance sheet. At the same time, the regulatory knowledge of established corporations might help start-ups to kick off digital disruption in the health care sector. PMID:29588274

A 12 mV start-up converter using piezoelectric transformer for energy harvesting applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez, T.; Pillonnet, G.; Costa, F.

2016-11-01

This paper presents a novel topology of start-up converter for sub 100 mV thermal energy harvesting based on an Armstrong oscillator topology using a piezoelectric transformer (PT) and a normally-on MOSFET. Based on a Rosen-type PT and off-the-shelf components, the proposed startup topology begins to oscillate at 12 mV input voltage corresponding to a temperature gradient of 2°C and achieves 1 V output voltage with only 18 mV input voltage applied to the harvester.

Assessment of emissions and removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) at start-up periods in a hazardous waste incinerator.

PubMed

Karademir, Aykan; Korucu, M Kemal

2013-07-01

A study was conducted to observe the changes in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) levels and congener profiles in the flue gas of a hazardous waste incinerator during two start-up periods. Flue gas samplings were performed simultaneously through Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) (including boiler outlet, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet, wet scrubbers (WS) outlet, and activated carbon (AC) filter outlet) in different combustion temperatures during a planned cold (long) start-up and an unplanned warm (short) start-up. The results showed that PCDD/F concentrations could be elevated during the start-up periods up to levels 3-4 times higher than those observed in the normal operation. Especially lower combustion temperatures in the short start-ups may cause high PCDD/F concentrations in the raw flue gas. Assessment of combustion temperatures and Furans/Dioxins values indicated that surface-catalyzed de novo synthesis was the dominant pathway in the formation of PCDD/Fs in the combustion units. PCDD/F removal efficiencies of Air Pollution Control Devices suggested that formation by de novo synthesis existed in ESP also when in operation, leading to increase of gaseous phase PCDD/Fs in ESP Particle-bound PCDD/Fs were removed mainly by ESP and WS, while gaseous phase PCDD/Fs were removed by WS, and more efficiently by AC filter. This paper evaluates PCDD/F emissions and removal performances of APCDs (ESP, wet scrubbers, and activated carbon) during two start-up periods in an incinerator. The main implications are the following: (1) start-up periods increase PCDD/F emissions up to 2-3 times in the incinerator; (2) low combustion temperatures in start-ups cause high PCDD/F emissions in raw gas; (3) formation of PCDD/Fs by de novo synthesis occurs in ESP; (4) AC is efficient in removing gaseous PCDD/Fs, but may increase particle-bound ones; and (5) scrubbers remove both gaseous and particle-bound PCDD/Fs efficiently.

Small business activity does not measure entrepreneurship.

PubMed

Henrekson, Magnus; Sanandaji, Tino

2014-02-04

Entrepreneurship policy mainly aims to promote innovative Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. However, the rate of entrepreneurship is commonly proxied using quantity-based metrics, such as small business activity, the self-employment rate, or the number of startups. We argue that those metrics give rise to misleading inferences regarding high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. To unambiguously identify high-impact entrepreneurs we focus on self-made billionaires (in US dollars) who appear on Forbes Magazine's list and who became wealthy by founding new firms. We identify 996 such billionaire entrepreneurs in 50 countries in 1996-2010, a systematic cross-country study of billionaire entrepreneurs. The rate of billionaire entrepreneurs correlates negatively with self-employment, small business ownership, and firm startup rates. Countries with higher income, higher trust, lower taxes, more venture capital investment, and lower regulatory burdens have higher billionaire entrepreneurship rates but less self-employment. Despite its limitations, the number of billionaire entrepreneurs appears to be a plausible cross-country measure of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship.

>venture>: Support for Early Stage Start-ups and Potential Entrepreneurs.

PubMed

Kauz, Lukas

2014-12-01

>venture>, the leading Swiss-wide business plan competition, is an ideal partner for young start-ups and entrepreneurs. For the upcoming tenth anniversary edition the competition will receive an update. Building upon a successful base of the past nine editions and equipped with contemporary networking events and more know-how transferring seminars, >venture> will fit even better into the Swiss start-up ecosystem.

[Study on the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process in biological activated carbon reactor].

PubMed

Lai, Wei-Yi; Zhou, Wei-Li; He, Sheng-Bing

2013-08-01

In order to shorten the start-up time of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor, biological activated cabon reactor was applied. Three lab scale UASB reactors were seeded with anaerobic sludge, fed with synthetic wastewater containing ammonia and nitrite, and supplemented with granular activated carbon on day 0, 33 and 56, respectively. The nitrogen removal performance of the first reactor, into which GAC was added on day 0, showed no significant improvement in 90 days. After being suspended for about one month, the secondary start-up of this reactor succeeded in another 33 days (totally 123 days). 49 d and 85 d were taken for the other two reactors started up by the addition of GAC on day 33 and 56, respectively. After the reactors were started up, the average removal rates of total nitrogen were 89.8%, 86.7% and 86.7%, respectively. The start-up process could be divided into four stages, namely, the bacterial autolysis phase, the lag phase, the improve phase and the stationary phase, and the best time for adding GAC carrier was right after the start of the lag phase.

Mathematical modeling and analysis of heat pipe start-up from the frozen state

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jang, Jong Hoon; Faghri, Amir; Chang, Won Soon; Mahefkey, Edward T.

1989-01-01

The start-up process of a frozen heat pipe is described and a complete mathematical model for the start-up of the frozen heat pipe is developed based on the existing experimental data, which is simplified and solved numerically. The two-dimensional transient model for the wall and wick is coupled with the one-dimensional transient model for the vapor flow when vaporization and condensation occur at the interface. A parametric study is performed to examine the effect of the boundary specification at the surface of the outer wall on the successful start-up from the frozen state. For successful start-up, the boundary specification at the outer wall surface must melt the working substance in the condenser before dry-out takes place in the evaporator.

Mathematical modeling and analysis of heat pipe start-up from the frozen state

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jang, J. H.; Faghri, A.; Chang, W. S.; Mahefkey, E. T.

1990-01-01

The start-up process of a frozen heat pipe is described and a complete mathematical model for the start-up of the frozen heat pipe is developed based on the existing experimental data, which is simplified and solved numerically. The two-dimensional transient model for the wall and wick is coupled with the one-dimensional transient model for the vapor flow when vaporization and condensation occur at the interface. A parametric study is performed to examine the effect of the boundary specification at the surface of the outer wall on the successful start-up from the frozen state. For successful start-up, the boundary specification at the outer wall surface must melt the working substance in the condenser before dry-out takes place in the evaporator.

[Startup mechanism of moxibustion warming and dredging function].

PubMed

Huang, Kaiyu; Liang, Shuang; Sun, Zheng; Zhang, Jianbin

2017-09-12

With "moxibustion" and "warm stimulation" as the keywords, the literature on moxibustion mechanism of warming and dredging from June 1st, 1995 to June 1st, 2016 was collected from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database. The startup mechanism of moxibustion warming and dredging function was analyzed in terms of moxibustion warming stimulation. The results were found that moxibustion was based on local rising temperature of acupoint. It activated local specific receptors, heat sensitive immune cells, heat shock proteins and so on to start the warming and dredging function and produce various local effects. The warming stimulation signals as well as subsequent effects through nerve and body fluid pathways induced the effects of further specific target organs and body systems.

Trends in the Crowdfunding of Educational Technology Startups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Antonenko, Pavlo D.; Lee, Brenda R.; Kleinheksel, A. J.

2014-01-01

This article presents an analysis of active crowdfunding campaigns posted on ten crowdfunding platforms in May 2013 to provide a glimpse of the recent trends in the crowdfunding of educational technology startups. We describe the characteristics of the most successful crowdfunding campaigns in educational technology and identify the most popular…

76 FR 21393 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

... startup cost components or annual operation, maintenance, and purchase of service components. You should describe the methods you use to estimate major cost factors, including system and technology acquisition.... Capital and startup costs include, among other items, computers and software you purchase to prepare for...

76 FR 16816 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... comment and provide your total capital and startup cost components or annual operation, maintenance, and..., including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life of capital equipment, discount rate(s), and the period over which you incur costs. Capital and startup costs include, among other items...

76 FR 25367 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

... startup cost components or annual operation, maintenance, and purchase of service components. You should describe the methods you use to estimate major cost factors, including system and technology acquisition.... Capital and startup costs include, among other items, computers and software you purchase to prepare for...

76 FR 5192 - BOEMRE Information Collection Activity: 1010-0170-Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

... disclose this information, you should comment and provide your total capital and startup cost components or... use to estimate major cost factors, including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life... startup costs include, among other items, computers and software you purchase to prepare for collecting...

An operation support expert system based on on-line dynamics simulation and fuzzy reasoning for startup schedule optimization in fossil power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matsumoto, H.; Eki, Y.; Kaji, A.

1993-12-01

An expert system which can support operators of fossil power plants in creating the optimum startup schedule and executing it accurately is described. The optimum turbine speed-up and load-up pattern is obtained through an iterative manner which is based on fuzzy resonating using quantitative calculations as plant dynamics models and qualitative knowledge as schedule optimization rules with fuzziness. The rules represent relationships between stress margins and modification rates of the schedule parameters. Simulations analysis proves that the system provides quick and accurate plant startups.

Magnetron magnetic priming for rapid startup and noise reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neculaes, Vasile Bogdan

The magnetron is a vacuum electronics crossed-field device: perpendicular electric and magnetic fields determine the electron dynamics. Compactness, efficiency and reliability make magnetrons suitable for a wide range of military and civilian applications: radar, industrial heating, plasma sources, and medical accelerators. The most ubiquitous use of magnetrons is as the microwave power source in microwave ovens, operating at 2.45 GHz and delivering about 800--1000 W. University of Michigan and several other research programs are actively pursuing the development of GW range relativistic magnetrons. This dissertation presents experimental and computational results concerning innovative techniques to improve magnetron noise, startup and mode stability. The DC-operated oven magnetron studies performed at University of Michigan opened new directions by utilizing azimuthally varying magnetic fields (magnetic priming). Magnetic priming for rapid startup in an N-cavity magnetron operating in the pi-mode is based on implementation of an axial magnetic field with N/2 azimuthal periods, to prebunch the electrons in the desired number of spokes (N/2). Experiments with magnetic priming on DC oven magnetrons using perturbing magnets added on the upper existing magnet of the magnetron showed rapid startup (pi-mode oscillation observed at low currents) and up to 35 dB noise reduction (close to the carrier and in sidebands). A complex 3-dimensional (3D) ICEPIC computational model recovered the oven magnetron magnetic priming experimental results: rapid electron prebunching due to presence of perturbing magnets, fast startup and tendency towards a lower noise state. Simulations in 6-cavity relativistic magnetrons show that ideal magnetic priming causes fast startup, rapid mode growth (with radial electron diffusion) and suppression of mode competition. A highly idealized model (planar, crossed-field, non-resonant, non-relativistic structure) using single particle dynamics showed that magnetic priming causes rapid electron prebunching, specific symmetries in the electron cloud and an orbital parametric instability (radial exponential growth).

76 FR 12693 - Notice of an Opportunity To Serve on the Innovation Advisory Board Advising the Department of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-08

... experts, and State and local government officials active in technology-based economic development. DATES...) Barriers to competitiveness in newly emerging business or technology sectors, factors influencing... development and evolution of start-ups, firms, and industries. (vii) The effects of domestic and international...

Achieving and Sustaining New Knowledge Development in High-Expectation Start-Ups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matricano, Diego

2010-01-01

In markets characterized by strong competition, new knowledge and new knowledge development are generally recognized as the key means for an enterprise to gain competitive advantage. This knowledge-based competitive advantage is critical for all commercial ventures, but is especially so for high-expectation start-ups (technology-based ventures…

Under Voltage Lock-Out Design Rules for Proper Start-Up of Energy Autonomous Systems Powered by Supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boitier, V.; Durand Estèbe, P.; Monthéard, R.; Bafleur, M.; Dilhac, J. M.

2013-12-01

This paper deals with the issue of the initial start-up of an autonomous and battery-free system powered by an energy harvester associated with a storage subsystem based on supercapacitors initially discharged. A review of different low power Under Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) solutions used to delay the load start-up and to avoid a useless discharge of supercapacitors is presented and discussed.

76 FR 39419 - Information Collection Activity: Plans and Information, Extension of a Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

..., you should comment and provide your total capital and startup cost components or annual operation... cost factors, including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life of capital equipment, discount rate(s), and the period over which you incur costs. Capital and startup costs include, among other...

DISP: Optimizations towards Scalable MPI Startup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fu, Huansong; Pophale, Swaroop S; Gorentla Venkata, Manjunath

2016-01-01

Despite the popularity of MPI for high performance computing, the startup of MPI programs faces a scalability challenge as both the execution time and memory consumption increase drastically at scale. We have examined this problem using the collective modules of Cheetah and Tuned in Open MPI as representative implementations. Previous improvements for collectives have focused on algorithmic advances and hardware off-load. In this paper, we examine the startup cost of the collective module within a communicator and explore various techniques to improve its efficiency and scalability. Accordingly, we have developed a new scalable startup scheme with three internal techniques, namelymore » Delayed Initialization, Module Sharing and Prediction-based Topology Setup (DISP). Our DISP scheme greatly benefits the collective initialization of the Cheetah module. At the same time, it helps boost the performance of non-collective initialization in the Tuned module. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on Titan supercomputer at ORNL with up to 4096 processes. The results show that our delayed initialization can speed up the startup of Tuned and Cheetah by an average of 32.0% and 29.2%, respectively, our module sharing can reduce the memory consumption of Tuned and Cheetah by up to 24.1% and 83.5%, respectively, and our prediction-based topology setup can speed up the startup of Cheetah by up to 80%.« less

76 FR 21041 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

..., equipment and start-up costs of a cooperative based full-service retail grocery store that will carry mostly... convenience) stores). DATES: All interested parties may submit comments in writing no later than April 28... loans or grants to finance industrial and business activities in rural areas. The Secretary of Labor...

Canadian biotechnology start-ups, 1991-1997: the role of incumbents' patents and strategic alliances in controlling competition.

PubMed

Calabrese, T; Baum, J A; Silverman, B S

2000-12-01

Fligstein (1996) contends that organizations act to exploit the institutional context in which they are embedded so as to stabilize the competition they face. Drawing on Fligstein's theoretical analysis, we conceptualize incumbent biotechnology firms' patent-ing and alliance-building activities as attempts to stabilize and control potential competition and analyze how these activities shape rates of founding in the Canadian biotechnology industry. We find that increases in the level and concentration of incumbents' patenting discourage founding, particularly in human application sectors of the industry where development and approval processes are more costly and time consuming. Incumbents' horizontal alliances depress start-ups; vertical alliances stimulate start-ups. Our findings highlight how technology appropriation and strategic alliances structure the competitive dynamics and evolution of high-technology, knowledge-intensive industries.

Small business activity does not measure entrepreneurship

PubMed Central

Henrekson, Magnus; Sanandaji, Tino

2014-01-01

Entrepreneurship policy mainly aims to promote innovative Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. However, the rate of entrepreneurship is commonly proxied using quantity-based metrics, such as small business activity, the self-employment rate, or the number of startups. We argue that those metrics give rise to misleading inferences regarding high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. To unambiguously identify high-impact entrepreneurs we focus on self-made billionaires (in US dollars) who appear on Forbes Magazine’s list and who became wealthy by founding new firms. We identify 996 such billionaire entrepreneurs in 50 countries in 1996–2010, a systematic cross-country study of billionaire entrepreneurs. The rate of billionaire entrepreneurs correlates negatively with self-employment, small business ownership, and firm startup rates. Countries with higher income, higher trust, lower taxes, more venture capital investment, and lower regulatory burdens have higher billionaire entrepreneurship rates but less self-employment. Despite its limitations, the number of billionaire entrepreneurs appears to be a plausible cross-country measure of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. PMID:24449873

Electrical start-up for diesel fuel processing in a fuel-cell-based auxiliary power unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsun, Remzi Can; Krupp, Carsten; Tschauder, Andreas; Peters, Ralf; Stolten, Detlef

2016-01-01

As auxiliary power units in trucks and aircraft, fuel cell systems with a diesel and kerosene reforming capacity offer the dual benefit of reduced emissions and fuel consumption. In order to be commercially viable, these systems require a quick start-up time with low energy input. In pursuit of this end, this paper reports an electrical start-up strategy for diesel fuel processing. A transient computational fluid dynamics model is developed to optimize the start-up procedure of the fuel processor in the 28 kWth power class. The temperature trend observed in the experiments is reproducible to a high degree of accuracy using a dual-cell approach in ANSYS Fluent. Starting from a basic strategy, different options are considered for accelerating system start-up. The start-up time is reduced from 22 min in the basic case to 9.5 min, at an energy consumption of 0.4 kW h. Furthermore, an electrical wire is installed in the reformer to test the steam generation during start-up. The experimental results reveal that the generation of steam at 450 °C is possible within seconds after water addition to the reformer. As a result, the fuel processor can be started in autothermal reformer mode using the electrical concept developed in this work.

Start-up of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating synthetic carbohydrate rich wastewater.

PubMed

Yeshanew, Martha M; Frunzo, Luigi; Luongo, Vincenzo; Pirozzi, Francesco; Lens, Piet N L; Esposito, Giovanni

2016-12-15

The present work studied the start-up process of a mesophilic (37 ± 2 °C) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days using synthetic carbohydrate rich wastewater. Anox Kaldness-K1 carriers were used as biofilm carrier material. The reactor performance and biofilm formation were evaluated during the process. The start-up process at lower liquid recirculation flow rate enhanced the biofilm formation and reactor performance. The organic substrate composition had a major impact on early colonization of methanogenic archaea onto the surface of the Kaldness carriers during the start-up process. Specific organic substrates favouring the growth of methanogenic archaea, such as acetate, are preferred in order to facilitate the subsequent biofilm formation and AFBR start-up. The supply of 'bio-available' nutrients and trace elements, in particular iron, had an important role on optimal methanogenic activity and speeding-up of the biofilm development on the Kaldness carriers. This paper provides possible strategies to optimize the various operational parameters that influence the initial biofilm formation and development in an AFBR and similar high rate anaerobic reactors, hence can be used to reduce the long time required for process start-up. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Life Sciences Start-ups in Switzerland: CTI and its Support for Young Entrepreneurs.

PubMed

Sekanina, Klara

2014-12-01

According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013, perceived opportunities to start a business in Switzerland are high and rank above average compared to other innovation-based countries. 2013 was a record year for start-ups in Switzerland. Around 40,000 new businesses were recorded in the commercial register and the trend is set to continue. There are two main criteria that lead to success, particularly for science- or technology- based start-ups: first of all, it is the business or product idea itself, and secondly it is the entrepreneurial team. CTI is supporting innovation in a manner that responds to a need in the market identified by industry.

The impacts of the rise of Paragraph IV challenges on startup alliance formation and firm value in the pharmaceutical industry.

PubMed

Filson, Darren; Oweis, Ahmed

2010-07-01

Court decisions in 1998 encouraged generic producers to pursue Paragraph IV patent challenges. A follow-up decision in 2000 marked the first successful challenge involving a blockbuster and brought further attention to this pathway for generic entry. We consider the impacts of these decisions on R&D-based startups, and we focus on the propensity to form alliances as a primary channel of impact. We find substantial negative impacts on alliance formation and firm value, and only the first event's impacts are restricted to small molecules. The results suggest that policy analyses in settings with R&D-based startups should consider impacts on alliance formation.

University Start-ups: A Better Business Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dehn, J.; Webley, P. W.

2015-12-01

Many universities look to start-up companies as a way to attract faculty, supporting research and students as traditional federal sources become harder to come by. University affiliated start-up companies can apply for a broader suite of grants, as well as market their services to a broad customer base. Often university administrators see this as a potential panacea, but national statistics show this is not the case. Rarely do universities profit significantly from their start-ups. With a success rates of around 20%, most start-ups end up costing the university money as well as faculty-time. For the faculty, assuming they want to continue in academia, a start-up is often unattractive because it commonly leads out of academia. Running a successful business as well as maintaining a strong teaching and research load is almost impossible to do at the same time. Most business models and business professionals work outside of academia, and the models taught in business schools do not merge well in a university environment. To mitigate this a new business model is proposed where university start-ups are aligned with the academic and research missions of the university. A university start-up must work within the university, directly support research and students, and the work done maintaining the business be recognized as part of the faculty member's university obligations. This requires a complex conflict of interest management plan and for the companies to be non-profit in order to not jeopardize the university's status. This approach may not work well for all universities, but would be ideal for many to conserve resources and ensure a harmonious relationship with their start-ups and faculty.

A novel transient wall heat transfer approach for the start-up of SI engines with gasoline direct injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lejsek, David; Kulzer, André; Hammer, Jürgen

2010-11-01

The introduction of CO2-reduction technologies like Start-Stop or the Hybrid-Powertrain and the worldwide stringent emission legislation require a detailed optimization of the engine start-up. The combustion concept development as well as the calibration of the engine control unit makes an explicit thermodynamic analysis of the combustion process during the start-up necessary. Initially, the well-known thermodynamic analysis of in-cylinder pressure at stationary condition was transmitted to the highly non-stationary engine start-up. For this running mode of the engine the current models for calculation of the transient wall heat fluxes were found to be misleading. With a fraction of nearly 45% of the burned fuel energy, the wall heat is very important for the calculation of energy balance and for the combustion process analysis. Based on the measurements of transient wall heat transfer densities during the start-up presented in a former work (Lejsek and Kulzer in Investigations on the transient wall heat transfer at start-up for SI engines with gasoline direct injection. SAE Paper), the paper describes the development of adaptations to the known correlations by Woschni (MTZ 31:491, 1970), Hohenberg (Experimentelle Erfassung der Wandwärme von Kolbenmotoren. TU Graz, Habil., 1980) and Bargende (Ein Gleichungsansatz zur Berechnung der instationären Wandwärmeverluste im Hochdruckteil von Ottomotoren. TH Darmstadt, PhD-Thesis, 1991) for the application during engine start-up. To demonstrate the high accuracy of the model, the results of the cyclic resolved thermodynamic analysis using the presented novel approaches were compared with the results of the measurements. It is shown, that the novel heat flux models for the engine start-up process gives a cyclic resolved thermodynamic analysis to optimize the engine start-up pretty efficient.

15 Easy Folktale Fingerplays with Cross-Curricular Activities. Grades K-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordh, Bill

Intended for teachers and noting that folktales are a part of the oral tradition of every culture, this book presents 15 stories from many cultures that have been adapted for the "fingerplay" approach. The sequence of stories is based on the ease of sharing the fingerplay gestures with the class. Each story offers start-up ideas, as well…

Steps to Starting a Small Business. Student Notebook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Vocational Studies Center.

This student notebook provides student materials for a program of study made up of a series of community-based activities potentially leading to the start-up of one's own business, while at the same time providing a better understanding of the American economic system of free enterprise. It begins with a glossary. For each of 15 units (1 more unit…

Mathematical modelling of methanogenic reactor start-up: Importance of volatile fatty acids degrading population.

PubMed

Jabłoński, Sławomir J; Łukaszewicz, Marcin

2014-12-01

Development of balanced community of microorganisms is one of the obligatory for stable anaerobic digestion. Application of mathematical models might be helpful in development of reliable procedures during the process start-up period. Yet, the accuracy of forecast depends on the quality of input and parameters. In this study, the specific anaerobic activity (SAA) tests were applied in order to estimate microbial community structure. Obtained data was applied as input conditions for mathematical model of anaerobic digestion. The initial values of variables describing the amount of acetate and propionate utilizing microorganisms could be calculated on the basis of SAA results. The modelling based on those optimized variables could successfully reproduce the behavior of a real system during the continuous fermentation. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Private sector development of stem cell technology and therapeutic cloning.

PubMed

Lysaght, Michael J; Hazlehurst, Anne L

2003-06-01

Based on data collected in June 2002, more than 30 biotechnology startup firms in 11 countries are pursuing commercial development of stem cell technology and therapeutic cloning. These firms employ 950-1000 scientists and support staff and spend just under $200 million on research and development each year. The field has the look and feel of a high-tech cottage industry, with about half the startups employing fewer than 15 FTEs (full time equivalents). Funding is mostly from venture capitalists and private investors. Participants are geographically dispersed, with about 40% of the activity outside the United States. Focus is equally split between embryonic and adult stem cells. Taken as a whole, both the structure and scope of the private sector in stem cell research seem appropriate to the promise and development time frames of this important new technology.

Bacterial community shift during the startup of a full-scale oxidation ditch treating sewage.

PubMed

Chen, Yajun; Ye, Lin; Zhao, Fuzheng; Xiao, Lin; Cheng, Shupei; Zhang, Xu-Xiang

2016-10-06

Oxidation ditch (OD) is one of the most widely used processes for treating municipal wastewater. However, the microbial communities in the OD systems have not been well characterized and little information about the shift of bacterial community during the startup process of the OD systems is available. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community changes during the startup period (over 100 days) of a full-scale OD. The results showed that the bacterial community dramatically changed during the startup period. Similar to the activated sludge samples in other studies, Proteobacteria (accounting for 26.3%~48.4%) was the most dominant bacterial phylum in the OD system but its relative abundance declined nearly 40% during the startup process. It was also found that Planctomycetes proliferated greatly (from 4.79% to 13.5%) and finally replaced Bacteroidetes as the second abundant phylum in the OD system. Specifically, some bacteria affiliated with Flavobacterium genus of exhibited remarkable decreasing trends, while bacterial species belonging to OD1 candidate division and Saprospiraceae family were found to increase during the startup process. Despite of the bacterial community shift, the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent were always in low concentrations, suggesting the functional redundancy of the bacterial community. Moreover, by comparing with the bacterial community in other municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors, some potentially novel bacterial species were found to be present in the OD system. Collectively, this study improved our understandings of bacterial community structure and the microbial ecology during the startup of full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactor.

Start-up and Self-sustain Test of 500 W Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seo, Jeong Min; Park, Jun Young; Seog Choi, Bum

2013-12-01

This paper provides the performance test for start-up and self-sustaining of 500W ultra-micro gas turbine (UMGT) generator. Each component of UMGT, a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine, an annular combustor and a shaft is already designed, manufactured and tested to meet design requirements in previous researches. However, they are not tested to work in an integrate system. Currently, integrated test unit with a compressor, a combustor and a turbine, is developed to find the proper condition of start-up and self-sustain. Ignition sequence depending on rotating speed is designed. Performance test for start-up and self-sustain is designed based on the ignition possible condition. An air impingement starter and a hot bulb inginer are applied. LPG is used as main fuel.

78 FR 34664 - Prospective Grant of Start-up Exclusive Evaluation License: Portable Device and Method for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Prospective Grant of Start-up Exclusive Evaluation License: Portable Device and Method for Detecting Hematomas AGENCY: National... device and method for detecting hematomas based on near infrared light emitted perpendicularly into a...

Physicists in the Wild

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Michael L.

2017-09-01

Startups and large corporations are full of physicists, many hiding in plain sight. Why? I will discuss the strong parallels between basic research in nuclear/particle physics, founding teams at great startups, and leaders at some of the world's largest corporations. How big are these opportunities (mission and capital), and what can we do to help prepare more physicists for such roles? I will provide lessons learned from my winding career that began at the NSCL as a philosophy undergrad, proceeded through a PhD, postdoc and brief stint as faculty, and continued through the founding of an early cloud computing startup, a sale to IBM, and the founding of one of Silicon Valley's most active venture capital firms.

Methods for increasing the rate of anammox attachment in a sidestream deammonification MBBR.

PubMed

Klaus, Stephanie; McLee, Patrick; Schuler, Andrew J; Bott, Charles

2016-01-01

Deammonification (partial nitritation-anammox) is a proven process for the treatment of high-nitrogen waste streams, but long startup time is a known drawback of this technology. In a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), startup time could potentially be decreased by increasing the attachment rate of anammox bacteria (AMX) on virgin plastic media. Previous studies have shown that bacterial adhesion rates can be increased by surface modification or by the development of a preliminary biofilm. This is the first study on increasing AMX attachment rates in a deammonification MBBR using these methods. Experimental media consisted of three different wet-chemical surface treatments, and also media transferred from a full-scale mainstream fully nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. Following startup of a full-scale deammonification reactor, the experimental media were placed in the full-scale reactor and removed for activity rate measurements and biomass testing after 1 and 2 months. The media transferred from the IFAS process exhibited a rapid increase in AMX activity rates (1.1 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 1.4 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) as compared to the control (0.2 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 0.1 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) after 1 month. Two out of three of the surface modifications resulted in significantly higher AMX activity than the control at 1 and 2 months. No nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity was detected in either the surface modified media or IFAS media batch tests. The results indicate that startup time of a deammonification MBBR could potentially be decreased through surface modification of the plastic media or through the transfer of media from a mature IFAS process.

Effects of Feedstock Sources on Inoculant Acclimatization: Start-up Strategies and Reactor Performance.

PubMed

Yang, Qian; Wei, Liang-Huan; Li, Wei-Zun; Chen, Yu; Ju, Mei-Ting

2017-11-01

Different inoculum sources and acclimatization methods result in different substrate adaptation and biodegradability. To increase straw degradation rate, shorten the digester start-up time, and enhance the biogas production, we domesticated anaerobic sludge by adding microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). During acclimatization, the start-up strategies and reactor performance were investigated to analyze changes in feedstock adaption, biodegradability, and methanogen activity. The effect of the domesticated inoculum was evaluated by testing batch un-pretreated corn stover with a dewatered sludge (DS)-domesticated inoculum as a control. The results showed that (1) using MCC as a substrate rapidly improved microorganism biodegradability and adaptation. (2) MCC as domesticated substrate has relatively stable system and high mass conversion, but with low buffer capacity. (3) Macro- and micronutrients should be added for improving the activity of methanogenic and system's buffer capacity. (4) Using the domesticated inoculums and batch tests to anaerobically digest untreated corn stover yielded rapid biogas production of 292 mL, with an early peak value on the first day. The results indicated that cultivating directional inoculum can efficiently and quickly start-up digester. These investigated results to promote anaerobic digestion of straw for producing biogas speed up the transformation of achievements of biomass solid waste utilization have a positive promoting significance.

Soft-Starting Power-Factor Motor Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nola, F. J.

1983-01-01

Three-phase power-factor controller with soft start is based on earlier version that does not control starting transients. Additional components serve to turn off "run" command signal and substitute gradual startup command signal during preset startup interval. Improved controller reduces large current surge that usually accompanies starting. Controller applies power smoothly, without causing motor vibrations.

National Ignition Facility project acquisition plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Callaghan, R.W.

The purpose of this National Ignition Facility Acquisition Plan is to describe the overall procurement strategy planned for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Project. The scope of the plan describes the procurement activities and acquisition strategy for the following phases of the NIF Project, each of which receives either plant and capital equipment (PACE) or other project cost (OPC) funds: Title 1 and 2 design and Title 3 engineering (PACE); Optics manufacturing facilitization and pilot production (OPC); Convention facility construction (PACE); Procurement, installation, and acceptance testing of equipment (PACE); and Start-up (OPC). Activities that are part of the base Inertialmore » Confinement Fusion (ICF) Program are not included in this plan. The University of California (UC), operating Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Lockheed-Martin, which operates Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR-LLE), will conduct the acquisition of needed products and services in support of their assigned responsibilities within the NIF Project structure in accordance with their prime contracts with the Department of Energy (DOE). LLNL, designated as the lead Laboratory, will have responsibility for all procurements required for construction, installation, activation, and startup of the NIF.« less

[Quick Start-up and Sustaining of Shortcut Nitrification in Continuous Flow Reactor].

PubMed

Wu, Peng; Zhang Shi-ying; Song, Yin-ling; Xu, Yue-zhong; Shen, Yao-liang

2016-04-15

How to achieve fast and stable startup of shortcut nitrification has a very important practical value for treatment of low C/N ratio wastewater. Thus, the quick start-up and sustaining of shortcut nitrification were investigated in continuous flow reactor targeting at the current situation of urban wastewater treatment plant using a continuous flow process. The results showed that quick start-up of shortcut nitrification could be successfully achieved in a continuous flow reactor after 60 days' operation with intermittent aeration and controlling of three stages of stop/aeration time (15 min/45 min, 45 min/45 min and 30 min/30 min). The nitrification rates could reach 90% or 95% respectively, while influent ammonia concentrations were 50 or 100 mg · L⁻¹ with stop/aeration time of 30 min/30 min. In addition, intermittent aeration could inhibit the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), while short hydraulic retention time (HRT) may wash out NOB. And a combined use of both measures was beneficial to sustain shortcut nitrification.

Rapid Start-up and Loading of an Attached Growth, Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, Caitlin E.; Pensinger, Stuart; Pickering, Karen D.; Barta, Daniel; Shull, Sarah A.; Vega, Letticia M.; Christenson, Dylan; Jackson, W. Andrew

2015-01-01

Membrane aerated bioreactors (MABR) are attached-growth biological systems used for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification to reclaim water from waste. This design is an innovative approach to common terrestrial wastewater treatments for nitrogen and carbon removal and implementing a biologically-based water treatment system for long-duration human exploration is an attractive, low energy alternative to physiochemical processes. Two obstacles to implementing such a system are (1) the "start-up" duration from inoculation to steady-state operations and (2) the amount of surface area needed for the biological activity to occur. The Advanced Water Recovery Systems (AWRS) team at JSC explored these two issues through two tests; a rapid inoculation study and a wastewater loading study. Results from these tests demonstrate that the duration from inoculation to steady state can be reduced to under two weeks, and that despite low ammonium removal rates, the MABRs are oversized.

Improvement of start-up and nitrogen removal of the anammox process in reactors inoculated with conventional activated sludge using biofilm carrier materials.

PubMed

Lu, Yi-Feng; Ma, Li-Juan; Ma, Lan; Shan, Bei; Chang, Jun-Jun

2018-01-01

The start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in three up-flow column reactors seeded with common mixed activated sludge and added with three materials, sponge (R1), sponge + volcanic rock (R2) and sponge + charcoal (R3), as carriers for biofilm formation were comparatively investigated in this study. The supplement of volcanic rock and charcoal could significantly shorten the start-up time of the anammox process, which primarily occurred in the activity-enhanced phase, with ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies stabilized above 92.5% and 93.4% after an operation period of 145, 105 and 121 d for R1, R2 and R3, respectively. After the successful anammox start-up, R2 performed significantly better in TN removal (p < .05), achieving an average rate of 91.0% and 191.5 g N m -3  d -1 compared to R1 of 88.4% and 172.1 g N m -3  d -1 , and R3 of 89.9% and 180.1 g N m -3  d -1 in the steady running phase. The ratios of consumed [Formula: see text] and generated [Formula: see text]/consumed [Formula: see text] after anammox start-up were lower than the theoretical values, probably suggesting the simultaneous existences of anammox, denitrification as well as nitrification processes in the reactors. A reddish brown biofilm was wrapped on the carriers and morphological detection of biofilm displayed the presentations of thick and compact floc aggregates and some filamentous bacteria on the sponge, and spherical-, ovoid- and shortrod-shaped microorganisms on the volcanic rock and charcoal. Using porous material as carrier for biofilm development is an effective strategy for practical application of the anammox reactor.

[Outsourcing in long-term care: a risk management approach].

PubMed

Guimarães, Cristina Machado; Carvalho, José Crespo de

2012-05-01

This article seeks to investigate outsourcing decisions in supply chain management of healthcare organizations, namely the motives and constraints behind the decision, the selection criteria for activities to be outsourced to third parties, the type of possible agreements, and the impact of this decision on the organization per se. A case study of the start-up phase of a Long-term Care unit with an innovative approach and high levels of customization was conducted to understand the outsourcing process in a start-up context (not in the standard context of organizational change) and a risk evaluation matrix was created for outsourcing activities in order to define and implement a performance monitoring process. This study seeks to understand how to evaluate and assess the risks of an outsourcing strategy and proposes a monitoring model using risk management tools. It was shown that the risk management approach can be a solution for monitoring outsourcing in the organizational start-up phase. Conclusions concerning dissatisfaction with the results of outsourcing strategies adopted are also presented.

Long-term effect of set potential on biocathodes in microbial fuel cells: electrochemical and phylogenetic characterization.

PubMed

Xia, Xue; Sun, Yanmei; Liang, Peng; Huang, Xia

2012-09-01

The long-term effect of set potential on oxygen reducing biocathodes was investigated in terms of electrochemical and biological characteristics. Three biocathodes were poised at 200, 60 and -100 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for 110 days, including the first 17 days for startup. Electrochemical analyses showed that 60 mV was the optimum potential during long-term operation. The performance of all the biocathodes kept increasing after startup, suggesting a period longer than startup time needed to make potential regulation more effective. The inherent characteristics without oxygen transfer limitation were studied. Different from short-term regulation, the amounts of biomass were similar while the specific electrochemical activity was significantly influenced by potential. Moreover, potential showed a strong selection for cathode bacteria. Clones 98% similar with an uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium clone CG84 accounted for 75% to 80% of the sequences on the biocathodes that showed higher electrochemical activity (60 and -100 mV). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Loop Heat Pipe Startup Behaviors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ku, Jentung

2016-01-01

A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The startup transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe startup behaviors. Topics include the four startup scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the startup scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power startup, and methods to enhance the startup success. Also addressed are the pressure spike and pressure surge during the startup transient, and repeated cycles of loop startup and shutdown under certain conditions.

Self-Employment for People with Disabilities in the United States: A Recommended Process for Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Nancy; Seekins, Tom; Ipsen, Catherine; Colling, Kyle

2003-01-01

Recommends a research-based process for rehabilitation agencies assisting clients with self-employment. Steps include counselor-client dialog about self-employment, use of assessment tools and resources, education/training, development of a business plan, start-up funding from the agency and other sources, business start-up, and evaluation of…

40 CFR 63.8786 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing loop slitter... subpart upon startup. (2) An existing affected source as specified at § 63.8784(e) must be in compliance... necessary to demonstrate that your adhesives are not HAP-based. The types of data necessary are described in...

40 CFR 63.8786 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing loop slitter... subpart upon startup. (2) An existing affected source as specified at § 63.8784(e) must be in compliance... necessary to demonstrate that your adhesives are not HAP-based. The types of data necessary are described in...

40 CFR 63.8786 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing loop slitter... subpart upon startup. (2) An existing affected source as specified at § 63.8784(e) must be in compliance... necessary to demonstrate that your adhesives are not HAP-based. The types of data necessary are described in...

40 CFR 63.8786 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing loop slitter... subpart upon startup. (2) An existing affected source as specified at § 63.8784(e) must be in compliance... necessary to demonstrate that your adhesives are not HAP-based. The types of data necessary are described in...

40 CFR 63.8786 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing loop slitter... subpart upon startup. (2) An existing affected source as specified at § 63.8784(e) must be in compliance... necessary to demonstrate that your adhesives are not HAP-based. The types of data necessary are described in...

Expanding Non-solenoidal Startup with Local Helicity Injection to Increased Toroidal Field and Helicity Injection Rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perry, J. M.; Barr, J. L.; Bodner, G. M.; Bongard, M. W.; Burke, M. G.; Fonck, R. J.; Hinson, E. T.; Lewicki, B. T.; Reusch, J. A.; Schlossberg, D. J.; Winz, G. R.

2015-11-01

Local helicity injection (LHI) is a non-solenoidal startup technique under development on the Pegasus ST. Plasma currents up to 0.18 MA have been initiated by LHI in conjunction with poloidal field induction. A 0-D power balance model has been developed to predict plasma current evolution by balancing helicity input against resistive dissipation. The model is being validated against a set of experimental measurements and magnetic reconstructions with radically varied plasma geometric evolutions. Outstanding physics issues with LHI startup are the scalings of confinement and MHD activity with helicity injection rate and toroidal field strength, as well as injector behavior at high field. Preliminary results from the newly-installed Thomson scattering system suggest core temperatures of a few hundred eV during LHI startup. Measurements are being expanded to multiple spatial points for ongoing confinement studies. A set of larger-area injectors is being installed in the lower divertor region, where increased toroidal field will provide a helicity injection rate over 3 times that of outboard injectors. In this regime helicity injection will be the dominant current drive. Experiments with divertor injectors will permit experimental differentiation of several possible confinement models, and demonstrate the feasibility of LHI startup at high field. Work supported by US DOE grant DE-FG02-96ER54375.

Ophthalmic Start-Up Chief Executive Officers' Perceptions of Development Hurdles.

PubMed

Stewart, William C; Nelson, Lindsay A; Kruft, Bonnie; Stewart, Jeanette A

2018-01-01

To identify current challenges facing ophthalmic pharmaceutical start-ups in developing new products. Surveys were distributed to the chief executive officer (CEO) or president of ophthalmic start-ups. The survey attracted 24 responses from 78 surveys distributed (31%). The CEOs stated that a lack of financial capital (n = 18, 75%), FDA regulations (n = 6, 25%), and failure to meet clinical endpoints (n = 6, 25%) were their greatest development hurdles. Risk aversion to medicines in early development (n = 18, 75%), mergers and acquisitions reducing corporate choice for licensing agreements (n = 7, 29%), the emergence of large pharmaceutical-based venture capital funding groups (n = 12, 50%), and the failure of many large pharmaceutical companies to develop their own medicines (n = 10, 42%) were noted as recent prominent trends affecting fundraising. The study suggests that development funding, regulatory burden, and meeting clinical endpoints are the greatest development challenges faced by ophthalmic start-up CEOs. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Bipolar femoral head arthroplasty in osteoarthritis. A prospective study with a minimum 5-year follow-up period.

PubMed

Pandit, R

1996-08-01

Primary bipolar femoral head arthroplasties performed on 100 osteoarthritic hips were studied to a minimum of 5 years after surgery. All arthroplasties were performed on physically active patients. At a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years, The Hospital for Special Surgery hip scores were good to excellent in 96 hips. Transient startup soreness constituted the most frequent complaint, occurring in 34 hips. Three hips had more persistent pain localized to the acetabulum, necessitating revision to fixed sockets, which alleviated the symptoms. Four additional hips, in heavy, active men, developed polyethylene fatigue fracture and component disassembly. Acetabular migration of more than 5 mm developed in one hip. Motion, as determined radiologically, occurred primarily at the inner bearing. There were no dislocations or infections in the series. The Bateman bipolar prosthesis provides generally good results in osteoarthritic hips. The shorter operating time and the case of revision are special advantages of bipolar devices. Start-up soreness and stiffness is a shortcoming in approximately one third of cases. Component disassembly in heavy, active men is a problem and the bipolar arthroplasty should be avoided in these patients. Start-up soreness was a significant problem in particular.

Loop Heat Pipe Startup Behaviors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ku, Jentung

2014-01-01

A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The start-up transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe start-up behaviors. Topics include the four start-up scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the start-up scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power start-up, and methods to enhance the start-up success. Also addressed are the thermodynamic constraint between the evaporator and reservoir in the loop heat pipe operation, the superheat requirement for nucleate boiling, pressure spike and pressure surge during the start-up transient, and repeated cycles of loop start-up andshutdown under certain conditions.

Start-up control system and vessel for LMFBR

DOEpatents

Durrant, Oliver W.; Kakarala, Chandrasekhara R.; Mandel, Sheldon W.

1987-01-01

A reflux condensing start-up system includes a steam generator, a start-up vessel connected parallel to the steam generator, a main steam line connecting steam outlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel to a steam turbine, a condenser connected to an outlet of the turbine and a feedwater return line connected between the condenser and inlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel. The start-up vessel has one or more heaters at the bottom thereof for heating feedwater which is supplied over a start-up line to the start-up vessel. Steam is thus generated to pressurize the steam generator before the steam generator is supplied with a heat transfer medium, for example liquid sodium, in the case of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor. The start-up vessel includes upper and lower bulbs with a smaller diameter mid-section to act as water and steam reservoirs. The start-up vessel can thus be used not only in a start-up operation but as a mixing tank, a water storage tank and a level control at low loads for controlling feedwater flow.

Start-up control system and vessel for LMFBR

DOEpatents

Durrant, Oliver W.; Kakarala, Chandrasekhara R.; Mandel, Sheldon W.

1987-01-01

A reflux condensing start-up system comprises a steam generator, a start-up vessel connected parallel to the steam generator, a main steam line connecting steam outlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel to a steam turbine, a condenser connected to an outlet of the turbine and a feedwater return line connected between the condenser and inlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel. The start-up vessel has one or more heaters at the bottom thereof for heating feedwater which is supplied over a start-up line to the start-up vessel. Steam is thus generated to pressurize the steam generator before the steam generator is supplied with a heat transfer medium, for example liquid sodium, in the case of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor. The start-up vessel includes upper and lower bulbs with a smaller diameter mid-section to act as water and steam reservoirs. The start-up vessel can thus be used not only in a start-up operation but as a mixing tank, a water storage tank and a level control at low loads for controlling feedwater flow.

Thermal Vacuum Testing of a Helium Loop Heat Pipe for Large Area Cryocooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ku, Jentung; Robinson, Franklin

2016-01-01

A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The startup transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe startup behaviors. Topics include the four startup scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the startup scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power startup, and methods to enhance the startup success. Also addressed are the pressure spike and pressure surge during the startup transient, and repeated cycles of loop startup and shutdown under certain conditions.

[In search of a travel guide-results from a survey of E‑health startup companies].

PubMed

Hagen, Julia; Lauer, Wolfgang

2018-03-01

As is the case in other sectors, innovative digital products have started to enter the health market, too. If digital products like apps are considered medical devices, startups are often confronted with regulatory procedures that they deem to be slow and with which they are not familiar. This applies to both the certification procedures and the requirements and procedures for reimbursement, where problems could occur. The aim of this article is to better understand the startups' experience in navigating through these procedures, the hurdles they encounter, and their need for support. Therefore, the digital association Bitkom e. V. and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) conducted a web-based survey on five themes with a total of 23 questions. These questions focused inter alia on the composition of the team, product planning, familiarity with regulatory requirements, experience with institutions and different sources of information, the assessment of challenges in the process, and the resulting need for support.The analysis on the basis of 18 complete replies has shown that startups work on products with documentation and communications functions, but also integrate diagnostic and therapeutic features. The latter are characteristics of medical devices. Startups consider themselves to be relatively familiar with regulatory requirements regarding medical devices. The largest hurdles are associated with reimbursement: long and costly processes until the startups' products could be reimbursed.Both with regard to reimbursement and certification, startups see a need for low-threshold, cost-efficient advisory services and a simplification and acceleration of existing procedures with regard to medical devices.

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

From a Student of Startup Business to a Startup Employee or Entrepreneur: Study on Career Narratives of Students in Entrepreneurial Programs in a University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saukkonen, Juha

2017-01-01

The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the incidents, relationships and processes that support entrepreneurial students to become employees and entrepreneurs. Through a qualitative approach based on career history and projections written by the respondents, this study aims to shed light on the process of becoming an…

Startup of the Anammox Process in a Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) from Conventional Activated Sludge.

PubMed

Gutwiński, P; Cema, G; Ziembińska-Buczyńska, A; Surmacz-Górska, J; Osadnik, M

2016-12-01

  In this study, a laboratory-scale anammox process in a membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was used to startup the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from conventional activated sludge. Stable operation was achieved after 125 days. From that time, nitrogen load was gradually increased. After six months, the average nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%. The highest obtained special anammox activity (SAA) achieved was 0.17 g (-N + -N) (g VSS × d)-1. Fluorescent in situ hybridization also proved the presence of the anammox bacteria, typically a genus of Brocadia anammoxidans and Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

Investigation of a Modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) Pipe Failure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klueh, Ronald L; Shingledecker, John P

2006-04-01

A modified 9Cr-1Mo feedwater (condensate) line at an Eastman Chemical Company plant failed in January 2005. The line was in continuous service since start-up December 2001 until failure. The Plant Superintendent estimated there were three thermal cycles since start-up, although there may have been as many as 25 thermal cycles during commissioning. Normal operating temperature was 325 F (163 C) and pressure was 1762 psig. The line was steam traced with the tracing activated only when ambient outdoor temperature dropped to 40 F (5 C). A modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91) pipe failure in a feedwater line in a chemical plantmore » was investigated. The failure occurred in the vicinity of an elbow produced with socket welds of the pipe to the elbow. Based on metallography and hardness measurements, it was concluded that failure occurred because of an improper post-weld heat treatment of the socket weldment.« less

Rapid Startup and Loading of an Attached Growth, Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, Caitlin; Vega, Leticia

2014-01-01

The Membrane Aerated Bioreactor (MABR) is an attached-growth biological system for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. This design is an innovative approach to common terrestrial wastewater treatments for nitrogen and carbon removal. Implementing a biologically-based water treatment system for long-duration human exploration is an attractive, low energy alternative to physiochemical processes. Two obstacles to implementing such a system are (1) the "start-up" duration from inoculation to steady-state operations and (2) the amount of surface area needed for the biological activity to occur. The Advanced Water Recovery Systems (AWRS) team at JSC explored these two issues through two tests; a rapid inoculation study and a wastewater loading study. Results from these tests demonstrate that the duration from inoculation to steady state can be reduced to two weeks and that the surface area to volume ratio baseline used in the Alternative Water Processor (AWP) test was higher than what was needed to remove the organic carbon and ammonium from the system.

Rapid startup of thermophilic anaerobic digester to remove tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes from sewage sludge.

PubMed

Xu, Rui; Yang, Zhao-Hui; Wang, Qing-Peng; Bai, Yang; Liu, Jian-Bo; Zheng, Yue; Zhang, Yan-Ru; Xiong, Wei-Ping; Ahmad, Kito; Fan, Chang-Zheng

2018-01-15

Spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) originating from sewage sludge is highlighted as an eminent health threat. This study established a thermophilic anaerobic digester using one-step startup strategy to quickly remove tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes from sewage sludge. At least 20days were saved in the startup period from mesophilic to thermophilic condition. Based on the results of 16S rDNA amplicons sequencing and predicted metagenomic method, the successful startup largely relied on the fast colonization of core thermophilic microbial population (e.g. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria). Microbial metabolic gene pathways for substrate degradation and methane production was also increased by one-step mode. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR approach revealed that most targeted tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes ARGs (sulI, tetA, tetO, tetX) were substantially removed during thermophilic digestion (removal efficiency>80%). Network analysis showed that the elimination of ARGs was attributed to the decline of their horizontal (intI1 item) and vertical (potential hosts) transfer-related elements under high-temperature. This research demonstrated that rapid startup thermophilic anaerobic digestion of wastewater solids would be a suitable technology for reducing quantities of various ARGs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Numerical Investigation of the Startup Transient in a Wave Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paxson, Daniel E.

1996-01-01

The startup process is investigated for a hypothetical four-port wave rotor, envisioned as a topping cycle for a small gas turbine engine. The investigation is conducted numerically using a multi-passage, one-dimensional CFD-based wave rotor simulation in combination with lumped volume models for the combustor, exhaust valve plenum, and rotor center cavity components. The simulation is described and several startup transients are presented which illustrate potential difficulties for the specific cycle design investigated. In particular it is observed that, prior to combustor light-off, or just after, the flow through the combustor loop is reversed from the design direction. The phenomenon is demonstrated and several possible modifications techniques are discussed which avoid or overcome the problem.

Research for the Fluid Field of the Centrifugal Compressor Impeller in Accelerating Startup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiaozhu; Chen, Gang; Zhu, Changyun; Qin, Guoliang

2013-03-01

In order to study the flow field in the impeller in the accelerating start-up process of centrifugal compressor, the 3-D and 1-D transient accelerated flow governing equations along streamline in the impeller of the centrifugal compressor are derived in detail, the assumption of pressure gradient distribution is presented, and the solving method for 1-D transient accelerating flow field is given based on the assumption. The solving method is achieved by programming and the computing result is obtained. It is obtained by comparison that the computing method is met with the test result. So the feasibility and effectiveness for solving accelerating start-up problem of centrifugal compressor by the solving method in this paper is proven.

A new model for graduate education and innovation in medical technology.

PubMed

Yazdi, Youseph; Acharya, Soumyadipta

2013-09-01

We describe a new model of graduate education in bioengineering innovation and design- a year long Master's degree program that educates engineers in the process of healthcare technology innovation for both advanced and low-resource global markets. Students are trained in an iterative "Spiral Innovation" approach that ensures early, staged, and repeated examination of all key elements of a successful medical device. This includes clinical immersion based problem identification and assessment (at Johns Hopkins Medicine and abroad), team based concept and business model development, and project planning based on iterative technical and business plan de-risking. The experiential, project based learning process is closely supported by several core courses in business, design, and engineering. Students in the program work on two team based projects, one focused on addressing healthcare needs in advanced markets and a second focused on low-resource settings. The program recently completed its fourth year of existence, and has graduated 61 students, who have continued on to industry or startups (one half), additional graduate education, or medical school (one third), or our own Global Health Innovation Fellowships. Over the 4 years, the program has sponsored 10 global health teams and 14 domestic/advanced market medtech teams, and launched 5 startups, of which 4 are still active. Projects have attracted over US$2.5M in follow-on awards and grants, that are supporting the continued development of over a dozen projects.

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

Startup of a Partial Nitritation-Anammox MBBR and the Implementation of pH-Based Aeration Control.

PubMed

Klaus, Stephanie; Baumler, Rick; Rutherford, Bob; Thesing, Glenn; Zhao, Hong; Bott, Charles

2017-06-01

  The single-stage deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a process for treating high strength nitrogen waste streams. In this process, partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) occur simultaneously within a biofilm attached to plastic carriers. An existing tank at the James River Treatment Plant (76 ML/d) in Newport News, Virginia was modified to install a sidestream deammonification MBBR process. This was the second sidestream deammonification process in North America and the first MBBR type installation. After 4 months the process achieved greater than 85% ammonia removal at the design loading rate of 2.4 g /m2·d (256 kg /d) signaling the end of startup. Based on observations during startup and process optimization phases, a novel pH-based control system was developed that maximizes ammonium removal and results in stable aeration and effluent alkalinity.

Life Science Start-up Activities at the Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS).

PubMed

Huber, Gerda

2014-12-01

The universities of applied sciences (UAS) provide several values for the society and economy of a country. Besides education of high level professionals, transfer of knowledge from research to applications in industry or as new start-up companies is an important task. This is done in different ways in the various disciplines. In Life Sciences, a key industry branch in Switzerland, innovation is a competitive success factor and research findings from UAS/Life Sciences contribute to the valorization of new technologies to products, services and to business performance. In order to foster awareness for the innovation need of industry, UAS install processes and support for transfer of research and technology results to marketable applications. Furthermore they may facilitate contacts of researchers and students with entrepreneurs in order to animate start-up founding as a true alternative to being employed. Access to coaching and entrepreneurial training completes the essential basis.

Performance evaluation of startup for a yeast membrane bioreactor (MBRy) treating landfill leachate.

PubMed

Amaral, Míriam C S; Gomes, Rosimeire F; Brasil, Yara L; Oliveira, Sílvia M A; Moravia, Wagner G

2017-12-06

The startup process of a membrane bioreactor inoculated with yeast biomass (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and used in the treatment of landfill leachate was evaluated. The yeast membrane bioreactor (MBRy) was inoculated with an exogenous inoculum, a granulated active dry commercial bakers' yeast. The MBRy was successfully started up with a progressive increase in the landfill leachate percentage in the MBRy feed and the use of Sabouraud Dextrose Broth. The membrane plays an important role in the startup phase because of its full biomass retention and removal of organic matter. MBRy is a suitable and promising process to treat recalcitrant landfill leachate. After the acclimation period, the COD and NH 3 removal efficiency reached values of 72 ± 3% and 39 ± 2% respectively. MBRy shows a low membrane-fouling potential. The membrane fouling was influenced by soluble microbial products, extracellular polymeric substances, sludge particle size, and colloidal dissolved organic carbon.

40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

Investigation of Natural Circulation Instability and Transients in Passively Safe Small Modular Reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishii, Mamoru

The NEUP funded project, NEUP-3496, aims to experimentally investigate two-phase natural circulation flow instability that could occur in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), especially for natural circulation SMRs. The objective has been achieved by systematically performing tests to study the general natural circulation instability characteristics and the natural circulation behavior under start-up or design basis accident conditions. Experimental data sets highlighting the effect of void reactivity feedback as well as the effect of power ramp-up rate and system pressure have been used to develop a comprehensive stability map. The safety analysis code, RELAP5, has been used to evaluate experimental results andmore » models. Improvements to the constitutive relations for flashing have been made in order to develop a reliable analysis tool. This research has been focusing on two generic SMR designs, i.e. a small modular Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) like design and a small integral Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) like design. A BWR-type natural circulation test facility was firstly built based on the three-level scaling analysis of the Purdue Novel Modular Reactor (NMR) with an electric output of 50 MWe, namely NMR-50, which represents a BWR-type SMR with a significantly reduced reactor pressure vessel (RPV) height. The experimental facility was installed with various equipment to measure thermalhydraulic parameters such as pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and void fraction. Characterization tests were performed before the startup transient tests and quasi-steady tests to determine the loop flow resistance. The control system and data acquisition system were programmed with LabVIEW to realize the realtime control and data storage. The thermal-hydraulic and nuclear coupled startup transients were performed to investigate the flow instabilities at low pressure and low power conditions for NMR-50. Two different power ramps were chosen to study the effect of startup power density on the flow instability. The experimental startup transient results showed the existence of three different flow instability mechanisms, i.e., flashing instability, condensation induced flow instability, and density wave oscillations. In addition, the void-reactivity feedback did not have significant effects on the flow instability during the startup transients for NMR-50. ii Several initial startup procedures with different power ramp rates were experimentally investigated to eliminate the flow instabilities observed from the startup transients. Particularly, the very slow startup transient and pressurized startup transient tests were performed and compared. It was found that the very slow startup transients by applying very small power density can eliminate the flashing oscillations in the single-phase natural circulation and stabilize the flow oscillations in the phase of net vapor generation. The initially pressurized startup procedure was tested to eliminate the flashing instability during the startup transients as well. The pressurized startup procedure included the initial pressurization, heat-up, and venting process. The startup transient tests showed that the pressurized startup procedure could eliminate the flow instability during the transition from single-phase flow to two-phase flow at low pressure conditions. The experimental results indicated that both startup procedures were applicable to the initial startup of NMR. However, the pressurized startup procedures might be preferred due to short operating hours required. In order to have a deeper understanding of natural circulation flow instability, the quasi-steady tests were performed using the test facility installed with preheater and subcooler. The effect of system pressure, core inlet subcooling, core power density, inlet flow resistance coefficient, and void reactivity feedback were investigated in the quasi-steady state tests. The experimental stability boundaries were determined between unstable and stable flow conditions in the dimensionless stability plane of inlet subcooling number and Zuber number. To predict the stability boundary theoretically, linear stability analysis in the frequency domain was performed at four sections of the natural circulation test loop. The flashing phenomena in the chimney section was considered as an axially uniform heat source. And the dimensionless characteristic equation of the pressure drop perturbation was obtained by considering the void fraction effect and outlet flow resistance in the core section. The theoretical flashing boundary showed some discrepancies with previous experimental data from the quasi-steady state tests. In the future, thermal non-equilibrium was recommended to improve the accuracy of flashing instability boundary. As another part of the funded research, flow instabilities of a PWR-type SMR under low pressure and low power conditions were investigated experimentally as well. The NuScale reactor design was selected as the prototype for the PWR-type SMR. In order to experimentally study the natural circulation behavior of NuScale iii reactor during accidental scenarios, detailed scaling analyses are necessary to ensure that the scaled phenomena could be obtained in a laboratory test facility. The three-level scaling method is used as well to obtain the scaling ratios derived from various non-dimensional numbers. The design of the ideally scaled facility (ISF) was initially accomplished based on these scaling ratios. Then the engineering scaled facility (ESF) was designed and constructed based on the ISF by considering engineering limitations including laboratory space, pipe size, and pipe connections etc. PWR-type SMR experiments were performed in this well-scaled test facility to investigate the potential thermal hydraulic flow instability during the blowdown events, which might occur during the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and loss of heat sink accident (LOHS) of the prototype PWR-type SMR. Two kinds of experiments, normal blowdown event and cold blowdown event, were experimentally investigated and compared with code predictions. The normal blowdown event was experimentally simulated since an initial condition where the pressure was lower than the designed pressure of the experiment facility, while the code prediction of blowdown started from the normal operation condition. Important thermal hydraulic parameters including reactor pressure vessel (RPV) pressure, containment pressure, local void fraction and temperature, pressure drop and natural circulation flow rate were measured and analyzed during the blowdown event. The pressure and water level transients are similar to the experimental results published by NuScale [51], which proves the capability of current loop in simulating the thermal hydraulic transient of real PWR-type SMR. During the 20000s blowdown experiment, water level in the core was always above the active fuel assemble during the experiment and proved the safety of natural circulation cooling and water recycling design of PWR-type SMR. Besides, pressure, temperature, and water level transient can be accurately predicted by RELAP5 code. However, the oscillations of natural circulation flow rate, water level and pressure drops were observed during the blowdown transients. This kind of flow oscillations are related to the water level and the location upper plenum, which is a path for coolant flow from chimney to steam generator and down comer. In order to investigate the transients start from the opening of ADS valve in both experimental and numerical way, the cold blow-down experiment is conducted. For the cold blowdown event, different from setting both reactor iv pressure vessel (RPV) and containment at high temperature and pressure, only RPV was heated close to the highest designed pressure and then open the ADS valve, same process was predicted using RELAP5 code. By doing cold blowdown experiment, the entire transients from the opening of ADS can be investigated by code and benchmarked with experimental data. Similar flow instability observed in the cold blowdown experiment. The comparison between code prediction and experiment data showed that the RELAP5 code can successfully predict the pressure void fraction and temperature transient during the cold blowdown event with limited error, but numerical instability exists in predicting natural circulation flow rate. Besides, the code is lack of capability in predicting the water level related flow instability observed in experiments.« less

Modeling startup and shutdown transient of the microlinear piezo drive via ANSYS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azin, A. V.; Bogdanov, E. P.; Rikkonen, S. V.; Ponomarev, S. V.; Khramtsov, A. M.

2017-02-01

The article describes the construction-design of the micro linear piezo drive intended for a peripheral cord tensioner in the reflecting surface shape regulator system for large-sized transformable spacecraft antenna reflectors. The research target -the development method of modeling startup and shutdown transient of the micro linear piezo drive. This method is based on application software package ANSYS. The method embraces a detailed description of the calculation stages to determine the operating characteristics of the designed piezo drive. Based on the numerical solutions, the time characteristics of the designed piezo drive are determined.

Start-up and operating costs for artisan cheese companies.

PubMed

Bouma, Andrea; Durham, Catherine A; Meunier-Goddik, Lisbeth

2014-01-01

Lack of valid economic data for artisan cheese making is a serious impediment to developing a realistic business plan and obtaining financing. The objective of this study was to determine approximate start-up and operating costs for an artisan cheese company. In addition, values are provided for the required size of processing and aging facilities associated with specific production volumes. Following in-depth interviews with existing artisan cheese makers, an economic model was developed to predict costs based on input variables such as production volume, production frequency, cheese types, milk types and cost, labor expenses, and financing. Estimated values for start-up cost for processing and aging facility ranged from $267,248 to $623,874 for annual production volumes of 3,402 kg (7,500 lb) and 27,216 kg (60,000 lb), respectively. First-year production costs ranged from $65,245 to $620,094 for the above-mentioned production volumes. It is likely that high start-up and operating costs remain a significant entry barrier for artisan cheese entrepreneurs. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strain hardening in startup shear of long-chain branched polymer solutions.

PubMed

Liu, Gengxin; Cheng, Shiwang; Lee, Hyojoon; Ma, Hongwei; Xu, Hongde; Chang, Taihyun; Quirk, Roderic P; Wang, Shi-Qing

2013-08-09

We show for the first time that entangled polymeric liquids containing long-chain branching can exhibit strain hardening upon startup shear. As the significant long-chain branching impedes chain disentanglement, Gaussian coils between entanglements can deform to reach the finite extensibility limit where the intrachain retraction force exceeds the value expected from the usual conformational entropy loss evaluated based on Gaussian chain statistics. The phenomenon is expected to lead to further theoretical understanding.

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63.1111 Section 63.1111 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

Impact of chemical plant start-up emissions on ambient ozone concentration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Sijie; Wang, Sujing; Xu, Qiang; Ho, Thomas

2017-09-01

Flare emissions, especially start-up flare emissions, during chemical plant operations generate large amounts of ozone precursors that may cause highly localized and transient ground-level ozone increment. Such an adverse ozone impact could be aggravated by the synergies of multiple plant start-ups in an industrial zone. In this paper, a systematic study on ozone increment superposition due to chemical plant start-up emissions has been performed. It employs dynamic flaring profiles of two olefin plants' start-ups to investigate the superposition of the regional 1-hr ozone increment. It also summaries the superposition trend by manipulating the starting time (00:00-10:00) of plant start-up operations and the plant distance (4-32 km). The study indicates that the ozone increment induced by simultaneous start-up emissions from multiple chemical plants generally does not follow the linear superposition of the ozone increment induced by individual plant start-ups. Meanwhile, the trend of such nonlinear superposition related to the temporal (starting time and operating hours of plant start-ups) and spatial (plant distance) factors is also disclosed. This paper couples dynamic simulations of chemical plant start-up operations with air-quality modeling and statistical methods to examine the regional ozone impact. It could be helpful for technical decision support for cost-effective air-quality and industrial flare emission controls.

Non-solenoidal Startup via Local Helicity Injection on Pegasus: Progress and Plans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reusch, J. A.; Barr, J. L.; Bodner, G. M.; Bongard, M. W.; Burke, M. G.; Fonck, R. J.; Hinson, E. T.; Lewicki, B. T.; Perry, J. M.; Schlossberg, D. J.

2015-11-01

Non-solenoidal plasma startup via local helicity injection (LHI) at the Pegasus toroidal experiment now provides routine operation at Ip ~ 0.17MA with Iinj ~ 5kA and Vinj ~ 1kV from four active arc injectors. Experiments in the past year have advanced the understanding of the governing physics of LHI and its supporting technology. Injector impedance scales as Vinj3/ 2 and is governed by two effects: a quasineutrality constraint on electron beam propagation, related to the tokamak edge density, and double-layer sheath expansion, related to narc. Injector design improvements permit operation at Vinj >= 1 kV without deleterious PMI or impurity generation. Discharges with varied shape, Ip(t), and helicity input test a predictive 0D power-balance model for LHI startup. Anomalous, reconnection-driven Ti >800 eV and strong MHD activity localized near the injectors are observed during LHI. Preliminary core Thomson scattering measurements indicate surprisingly high Te >300 eV, which if verified may indicate the dominance of high-energy electron fueling from the injector current streams. A new divertor injector system has been designed to substantially increase the available helicity input rate and support critical studies of confinement during LHI and reconnection activity at high Ip. A proposed upgrade to the Pegasus experiment will extend these studies to NSTX-U relevant parameters. Support: US DOE grants DE-FG02-96ER54375; and DE-SC0006928.

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

78 FR 56242 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Prior Disclosure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-12

... information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments that are... information collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses. Estimated...

An analysis of the sliding pressure start-up of SCWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, F.; Yang, J.; Li, H.

In this paper, the preliminary sliding pressure start-up system and scheme of supercritical water-cooled reactor in CGNPC (CGN-SCWR) were proposed. Thermal-hydraulic behavior in start-up procedures was analyzed in detail by employing advanced reactor subchannel analysis software ATHAS. The maximum cladding temperature (MCT for short) and core power of fuel assembly during the whole start-up process were investigated comparatively. The results show that the recommended start-up scheme meets the design requirements from the perspective of thermal-hydraulic. (authors)

Design, Fabrication and Testing of Two Different Laboratory Prototypes of CSI-based Induction Heating Units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, M.; Sengupta, M.

2012-09-01

Induction heating is a non-contact heating process which became popular due to its energy efficiency. Current source inverter (CSI) based induction heating units are commonly used in the industry. Most of these CSIs are thyristor based, since thyristors of higher ratings are easily available. These being load commutated apparatus a start-up circuit is needed to initiate commutation. In this paper the design and fabrication of two laboratory prototypes have been presented. The first one, a SCR-based CSI fed controlled induction heating unit (IHU), has been tested with two different types of start-up procedures. Thereafter the fabrication and performance of another IGBT-based CSI is compared with the thyristor-based CSI for a 2 kW, 10 kHz application. These two types of CSIs are fully fabricated in laboratory along with the IHU. Performance analysis and simulation of two different CSIs has been done by using SequelGUI2. The triggering pulses for the inverter devices (for both CSI devices as well as auxilliary thyristor of start-up circuit) have been generated and closed-loop control has been done in FPGA platform built around an Altera make cyclone EPIC12Q240C processor which can be programmed using Quartus II software. Close agreement between simulated and experimental results highlight the accuracy of the experimental work.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells cold startup global strategy for fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henao, Nilson; Kelouwani, Sousso; Agbossou, Kodjo; Dubé, Yves

2012-12-01

This paper investigates the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Cold Startup problem within the specific context of the Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). A global strategy which aims at providing an efficient method to minimize the energy consumption during the startup of a PEMFC is proposed. The overall control system is based on a supervisory architecture in which the Energy Management System (EMS) plays the role of the power flow supervisor. The EMS estimates in advance, the time to start the fuel cell (FC) based upon the battery energy usage during the trip. Given this estimation and the amount of additional energy required, the fuel cell temperature management strategy computes the most appropriate time to start heating the stack in order to reduce heat loss through the natural convection. As the cell temperature rises, the PEMFC is started and the reaction heat is used as a self-heating power source to further increase the stack temperature. A time optimal self-heating approach based on the Pontryagin minimum principle is proposed and tested. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is efficient and can be implemented in real-time on FC-PHEVs.

Effect of thiosulfate on rapid start-up of sulfur-based reduction of high concentrated perchlorate: A study of kinetics, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bacterial community structure.

PubMed

Guo, Jianbo; Zhang, Chao; Lian, Jing; Lu, Caicai; Chen, Zhi; Song, Yuanyuan; Guo, Yankai; Xing, Yajuan

2017-11-01

Perchlorate (ClO 4 - ) contamination is more and more concerned due to the hazards to humans. Based on the common primary bacterium (Helicobacteraceae) of both thiosulfate-acclimated sludge (T-Acc) and sulfur-acclimated sludge (S-Acc) for perchlorate reduction, the rapid start-up of sulfur-based perchlorate reduction reactor (SBPRR) was hypothesized by inoculating T-Acc. Furthermore, the performance of SBPRR, the SO 4 2- yield, kinetics of ClO 4 - reduction and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilm confirmed the hypothesis. The start-up time of R3 (reactor inoculating T-Acc) was 0.18 and 0.21 times that of R1 (control) and R2 (reactor with the influent containing thiosulfate), respectively. The SO 4 2- yield of R3 was lower than that of R2 and R1 with perchlorate removal rate 166.7mg/(Lh). The kinetic study and EPS demonstrated that inoculating T-Acc was beneficial for the development of biofilm. Consequently, the present study indicated that SBPRR can be rapidly and successfully started-up via inoculation of T-Acc. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of inter-turn short-circuit at start-up of induction machine based on torque analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietrowski, Wojciech; Górny, Konrad

2017-12-01

Recently, interest in new diagnostics methods in a field of induction machines was observed. Research presented in the paper shows the diagnostics of induction machine based on torque pulsation, under inter-turn short-circuit, during start-up of a machine. In the paper three numerical techniques were used: finite element analysis, signal analysis and artificial neural networks (ANN). The elaborated numerical model of faulty machine consists of field, circuit and motion equations. Voltage excited supply allowed to determine the torque waveform during start-up. The inter-turn short-circuit was treated as a galvanic connection between two points of the stator winding. The waveforms were calculated for different amounts of shorted-turns from 0 to 55. Due to the non-stationary waveforms a wavelet packet decomposition was used to perform an analysis of the torque. The obtained results of analysis were used as input vector for ANN. The response of the neural network was the number of shorted-turns in the stator winding. Special attention was paid to compare response of general regression neural network (GRNN) and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP). Based on the results of the research, the efficiency of the developed algorithm can be inferred.

76 FR 19121 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Automated Clearinghouse

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance... information being collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Reporting § 60.2953 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup...-Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2685 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and... startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3 hours. Effective Date...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Reporting § 60.2953 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned...

40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... has been reconstructed such that it is an affected source, that has an initial startup after the... source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application... startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5), after the effective date of...

40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

Bacterial Selection during the Formation of Early-Stage Aerobic Granules in Wastewater Treatment Systems Operated Under Wash-Out Dynamics

PubMed Central

Weissbrodt, David G.; Lochmatter, Samuel; Ebrahimi, Sirous; Rossi, Pierre; Maillard, Julien; Holliger, Christof

2012-01-01

Aerobic granular sludge is attractive for high-rate biological wastewater treatment. Biomass wash-out conditions stimulate the formation of aerobic granules. Deteriorated performances in biomass settling and nutrient removal during start-up have however often been reported. The effect of wash-out dynamics was investigated on bacterial selection, biomass settling behavior, and metabolic activities during the formation of early-stage granules from activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) over start-up periods of maximum 60 days. Five bubble-column sequencing batch reactors were operated with feast-famine regimes consisting of rapid pulse or slow anaerobic feeding followed by aerobic starvation. Slow-settling fluffy granules were formed when an insufficient superficial air velocity (SAV; 1.8 cm s−1) was applied, when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing organic matter only, or when reactors were operated at 30°C. Fast-settling dense granules were obtained with 4.0 cm s−1 SAV, or when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing all nutrients biologically. However, only carbon was aerobically removed during start-up. Fluffy granules and dense granules were displaying distinct predominant phylotypes, namely filamentous Burkholderiales affiliates and Zoogloea relatives, respectively. The latter were predominant in dense granules independently from the feeding regime. A combination of insufficient solid retention time and of leakage of acetate into the aeration phase during intensive biomass wash-out was the cause for the proliferation of Zoogloea spp. in dense granules, and for the deterioration of BNR performances. It is however not certain that Zoogloea-like organisms are essential in granule formation. Optimal operation conditions should be elucidated for maintaining a balance between organisms with granulation propensity and nutrient removing organisms in order to form granules with BNR activities in short start-up periods. PMID:22993513

Bacterial Selection during the Formation of Early-Stage Aerobic Granules in Wastewater Treatment Systems Operated Under Wash-Out Dynamics.

PubMed

Weissbrodt, David G; Lochmatter, Samuel; Ebrahimi, Sirous; Rossi, Pierre; Maillard, Julien; Holliger, Christof

2012-01-01

Aerobic granular sludge is attractive for high-rate biological wastewater treatment. Biomass wash-out conditions stimulate the formation of aerobic granules. Deteriorated performances in biomass settling and nutrient removal during start-up have however often been reported. The effect of wash-out dynamics was investigated on bacterial selection, biomass settling behavior, and metabolic activities during the formation of early-stage granules from activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) over start-up periods of maximum 60 days. Five bubble-column sequencing batch reactors were operated with feast-famine regimes consisting of rapid pulse or slow anaerobic feeding followed by aerobic starvation. Slow-settling fluffy granules were formed when an insufficient superficial air velocity (SAV; 1.8 cm s(-1)) was applied, when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing organic matter only, or when reactors were operated at 30°C. Fast-settling dense granules were obtained with 4.0 cm s(-1) SAV, or when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing all nutrients biologically. However, only carbon was aerobically removed during start-up. Fluffy granules and dense granules were displaying distinct predominant phylotypes, namely filamentous Burkholderiales affiliates and Zoogloea relatives, respectively. The latter were predominant in dense granules independently from the feeding regime. A combination of insufficient solid retention time and of leakage of acetate into the aeration phase during intensive biomass wash-out was the cause for the proliferation of Zoogloea spp. in dense granules, and for the deterioration of BNR performances. It is however not certain that Zoogloea-like organisms are essential in granule formation. Optimal operation conditions should be elucidated for maintaining a balance between organisms with granulation propensity and nutrient removing organisms in order to form granules with BNR activities in short start-up periods.

Summer Institute for High School Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maheswaranathan, Ponn; Calloway, Cliff

2008-04-01

We have conducted again a summer institute for high-school teachers in South Carolina at Winthrop University. The target audience were 9th grade physical science teachers in schools within a 50-mile radius from Winthrop. We developed a graduate level physics professional development course covering selected topics from the physics and chemistry content areas of the South Carolina Science Standards. Delivery of the material included the traditional lectures and the following innovative approaches in science teaching: hands-on experiments, group activities, computer based data collection, group discussions, and presentations. Two master teachers assisted us during the delivery of the course which took place in June 20-29, 2007 using Winthrop facilities. Requested funds were used for the following: salary for us and master teachers, contract course fee, some of the participants' room and board, startup equipment for all the teachers, and indirect costs to Winthrop University. Startup equipment included Pasco's stand-alone and portable Xplorer GLX interface and sensors (temperature, voltage, pH, pressure, motion, and sound). What we learned and ideas for continued K-12 teacher preparation initiatives will be presented.

Summer Institute for Physical Science Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maheswaranathan, Ponn; Calloway, Cliff

2007-04-01

A summer institute for physical science teachers was conducted at Winthrop University, June 19-29, 2006. Ninth grade physical science teachers at schools within a 50-mile radius from Winthrop were targeted. We developed a graduate level physics professional development course covering selected topics from both the physics and chemistry content areas of the South Carolina Science Standards. Delivery of the material included traditional lectures and the following new approaches in science teaching: hands-on experiments, group activities, computer based data collection, computer modeling, with group discussions & presentations. Two experienced master teachers assisted us during the delivery of the course. The institute was funded by the South Carolina Department of Education. The requested funds were used for the following: faculty salaries, the University contract course fee, some of the participants' room and board, startup equipment for each teacher, and indirect costs to Winthrop University. Startup equipment included a Pasco stand-alone, portable Xplorer GLX interface with sensors (temperature, voltage, pH, pressure, motion, and sound), and modeling software (Wavefunction's Spartan Student and Odyssey). What we learned and ideas for future K-12 teacher preparation initiatives will be presented.

Spatial Burnout in Water Reactors with Nonuniform Startup Distributions of Uranium and Boron

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, Thomas A.; Bogart, Donald

1955-01-01

Spatial burnout calculations have been made of two types of water moderated cylindrical reactor using boron as a burnable poison to increase reactor life. Specific reactors studied were a version of the Submarine Advanced Reactor (sAR) and a supercritical water reactor (SCW) . Burnout characteristics such as reactivity excursion, neutron-flux and heat-generation distributions, and uranium and boron distributions have been determined for core lives corresponding to a burnup of approximately 7 kilograms of fully enriched uranium. All reactivity calculations have been based on the actual nonuniform distribution of absorbers existing during intervals of core life. Spatial burnout of uranium and boron and spatial build-up of fission products and equilibrium xenon have been- considered. Calculations were performed on the NACA nuclear reactor simulator using two-group diff'usion theory. The following reactor burnout characteristics have been demonstrated: 1. A significantly lower excursion in reactivity during core life may be obtained by nonuniform rather than uniform startup distribution of uranium. Results for SCW with uranium distributed to provide constant radial heat generation and a core life corresponding to a uranium burnup of 7 kilograms indicated a maximum excursion in reactivity of 2.5 percent. This compared to a maximum excursion of 4.2 percent obtained for the same core life when w'anium was uniformly distributed at startup. Boron was incorporated uniformly in these cores at startup. 2. It is possible to approach constant radial heat generation during the life of a cylindrical core by means of startup nonuniform radial and axial distributions of uranium and boron. Results for SCW with nonuniform radial distribution of uranium to provide constant radial heat generation at startup and with boron for longevity indicate relatively small departures from the initially constant radial heat generation distribution during core life. Results for SAR with a sinusoidal distribution rather than uniform axial distributions of boron indicate significant improvements in axial heat generation distribution during the greater part of core life. 3. Uranium investments for cylindrical reactors with nonuniform radial uranium distributions which provide constant radial heat generation per unit core volume are somewhat higher than for reactors with uniform uranium concentration at startup. On the other hand, uranium investments for reactors with axial boron distributions which approach constant axial heat generation are somewhat smaller than for reactors with uniform boron distributions at startup.

77 FR 13617 - Agency Information Collection Activities: General Declaration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... keepers from the collection of information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance... Forms 7507. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses. Estimated Number of...

Evaluation of in-situ thermal energy storage for lunar based solar dynamic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crane, Roger A.

1991-01-01

A practical lunar based thermal energy storage system, based on locally available materials, could significantly reduce transportation requirements and associated costs of a continuous, solar derived power system. The concept reported here is based on a unique, in-situ approach to thermal energy storage. The proposed design is examined to assess the problems of start-up and the requirements for attainment of stable operation. The design remains, at this stage, partially conceptional in nature, but certain aspects of the design, bearing directly on feasibility, are examined in some detail. Specifically included is an engineering evaluation of the projected thermal performance of this system. Both steady state and start-up power requirements are evaluated and the associated thermal losses are evaluated as a basis for establishing potential system performance.

30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program? Your SEMS program must require that the commissioning process include a pre-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Llll of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Documentation for siting requirements. 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.4915(a). Notification of initial startup Prior to initial startup 1. Maximum design dry sewage sludge burning capacity2.... 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. 5. Site-specific monitoring plan. 6. The site-specific...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Llll of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Documentation for siting requirements. 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.4915(a). Notification of initial startup Prior to initial startup 1. Maximum design dry sewage sludge burning capacity2.... 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. 5. Site-specific monitoring plan. 6. The site-specific...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

Preliminary Experiment of Non-Inductive Plasma Current Startup in SUNIST Spherical Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Yexi; Zhang, Liang; Xie, Lifeng; Tang, Yi; Yang, Xuanzong; Feng, Chunhua; Fu, Hongjun

2006-01-01

The non-inductive plasma current startup is an important motivation in SUNIST spherical tokamak. In the recent experiment, the magnetron microwave system of 100 kW and 2.45 GHz has been used to the ECR plasma current startup. Besides the toroidal field, a vertical field was applied to generate preliminary toroidal plasma current without the action of the central solenoid. As the evidence of plasma current startup with the effect of vertical field drift, the direction of plasma current is changed when the direction of vertical field changes during the ECR plasma current startup discharge. We also observed a maximum plasma current by scanning vertical field in both directions. Additionally, we used electrode discharge to assist the ECR plasma current startup.

Enhanced anaerobic digestion performance via combined solids- and leachate-based hydrolysis reactor inoculation.

PubMed

Wilson, L Paige; Sharvelle, Sybil E; De Long, Susan K

2016-11-01

Suboptimal conditions in anaerobic digesters (e.g., presence of common inhibitors ammonia and salinity) limit waste hydrolysis and lead to unstable performance and process failures. Application of inhibitor-tolerant inocula improves hydrolysis, but approaches are needed to establish and maintain these desired waste-hydrolyzing bacteria in high-solids reactors. Herein, performance was compared for leach bed reactors (LBRs) seeded with unacclimated or acclimated inoculum (0-60% by mass) at start-up and over long-term operation. High quantities of inoculum (∼60%) increase waste hydrolysis and are beneficial at start-up or when inhibitors are increasing. After start-up (∼112days) with high inoculum quantities, leachate recirculation leads to accumulation of inhibitor-tolerant hydrolyzing bacteria in leachate. During long-term operation, low inoculum quantities (∼10%) effectively increase waste hydrolysis relative to without solids-derived inoculum. Molecular analyses indicated that combining digested solids with leachate-based inoculum doubles quantities of Bacteria contacting waste over a batch and supplies additional desirable phylotypes Bacteriodes and Clostridia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 47429 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Protest

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-08

... information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments that are... burden hours or to CBP Form 19. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses...

77 FR 65900 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Delivery Ticket

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... keepers from the collection of information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance.... Estimated Number of Total Annual Responses: 200,000. Estimated Time per Response: 20 minutes. Estimated...

The Different Paths in the Franchising Entrepreneurship Choice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomaras, Petros; Konstantopoulos, Nikolaos; Zondiros, Dimitris

2007-12-01

This study aims to testify the scientific veracity of the question: is the franchisees' choice on entrepreneurial start-up univocal or many-valued? Two variables are examined by registering daily activities of the entrepreneurial franchisees, as they appear by the answers given to a closed-ended questionnaire. We proceeded with a multiple variable statistical analysis (principal component analysis) of survey data collected from franchisees of a Greece-based franchise system. The results of the research indicate that among different value standards, the entrepreneurs conclude in choosing the franchising.

The 'CommTech' Methodology: A Demand-Driven Approach to Efficient, Productive and Measurable Technology Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horsham, Gray A. P.

1998-01-01

Market research sources were used to initially gather primary technological problems and needs data from non-aerospace companies in targeted industry sectors. The company-supplied information served as input data to activate or start-up an internal, phased match-making process. This process was based on technical-level relationship exploration followed by business-level agreement negotiations, and culminated with project management and execution. Space Act Agreements represented near-term outputs. Company product or process commercialization derived from Lewis support and measurable economic effects represented far-term outputs.

A 10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant: Solar facilities design integration. Plant operating/training manual (RADL-Item 2-36)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1982-07-01

Plant and system level operating instructions are provided for the Barstow Solar Pilot Plant. Individual status instructions are given that identify plant conditions, process controller responsibilities, process conditions and control accuracies, operating envelopes, and operator cautions appropriate to the operating condition. Transition operating instructions identify the sequence of activities to be carried out to accomplish the indicated transition. Most transitions involve the startup or shutdown of an individual flowpath. Background information is provided on collector field operations, and the heliostat groupings and specific commands used in support receiver startup are defined.

77 FR 10761 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Screening Requirements for Carriers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... the collection of information (a total capital/ startup costs and operations and maintenance costs... per Respondent: 100 hours. Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 6,500. Dated: February 17, 2012...

77 FR 66626 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Administrative Rulings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

... information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments that are... information collection with no change to the estimated burden hours or to the information collected. Type of...

77 FR 8272 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request, Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... Title: Federal Assistance for Offsite Radiological Emergency Planning. OMB Number: 1660-0024. Type of... annual record keeping, capital, startup, nor maintenance costs associated with this information...

78 FR 70569 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Commercial Invoice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... date with no change to the burden hours. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public...

75 FR 77892 - Agency Information Collection Activities: e-Allegations Submission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-14

... respondents or recordkeepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... hours. There is no change to the information being collected. Type of Review: Extension (with change...

76 FR 12364 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Bonded Warehouse Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/ startup costs and... hours or to the information being collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public...

76 FR 56213 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Crew's Effects Declaration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance... Responses: 206,100. Estimated Time per Response: 60 minutes. Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 206,100...

75 FR 57284 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Cost Submission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-20

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... Respondent: 1. Estimated time per Response: 50 hours. Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 50,000. [[Page...

Occidental vertical modified in situ process for the recovery of oil from oil shale. Phase II. Quarterly progress report, September 1, 1980-November 30, 1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1981-01-01

The major activities at OOSI's Logan Wash site during the quarter were: mining the voids at all levels for Retorts 7 and 8; blasthole drilling; tracer testing MR4; conducting the start-up and burner tests on MR3; continuing the surface facility construction; and conducting Retorts 7 and 8 related Rock Fragmentation tests. Environmental monitoring continued during the quarter, and the data and analyses are discussed. Sandia National Laboratory and Laramie Energy Technology Center (LETC) personnel were active in the DOE support of the MR3 burner and start-up tests. In the last section of this report the final oil inventory for Retortmore » 6 production is detailed. The total oil produced by Retort 6 was 55,696 barrels.« less

40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

Status Report to the Governor and General Assembly, 2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education, Frankfort.

The Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education reports on its activities and achievements in 2001. The Council describes some of its activities, including: developing funding recommendations for Kentucky's college and universities for the 2002-2004 biennium; (2) continuing the startup of the Kentucky Virtual University, a consortium online…

77 FR 4883 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... information technology; and (e) Estimates of capital or start-up costs and costs of operation, maintenance... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review... continuing information collection, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. An agency may not...

75 FR 53362 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... start-up business). FINRA believes that a registered person should not be able to engage in an activity..., Relating to Outside Business Activities of Registered Persons August 23, 2010. On June 8, 2009, Financial... change relating to the outside business activities of registered persons. FINRA proposed to adopt NASD...

Gazelles, unicorns, and dragons battle cancer through the Nanotechnology Startup Challenge.

PubMed

Truman, Rosemarie; Locke, Cody J

On March 4th, 2016, Springer's C ancer Nanotechnology office promoted the launch of the Nanotechnology Startup Challenge in Cancer ( NSC 2 ). This innovation-development model is a partnership among our company, the Center for Advancing Innovation (CAI), MedImmune, the global biologics arm of AstraZeneca, and multiple institutes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NSC 2 "crowdsources" talent from around the world to launch startups with near-term, commercially viable cancer nanotechnology inventions, which were developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB). Crowdsourcing is a process in which one uses the internet to engage a large group of people in an activity, such as NSC 2 . For this initiative, CAI engaged universities, industry professionals, foundations, investors, relevant media outlets, seasoned entrepreneurs, and life sciences membership organizations to request that they participate in the challenge. From this outreach, fifty-six key thought leaders have enrolled in NSC 2 as judges, mentors, and/or advisors to challenge teams (http://www.nscsquared.org/judges.html). Along with crowdsourcing talent to bolt startups around NIH inventions, NSC 2 will also catalyze the launch of companies around "third-party" cancer nanotechnology inventions, which were conceived and developed outside of the NIH. Twenty-eight robust teams were accepted to the challenge on March 14th, 2016.

[From idea to standard care-a field report].

PubMed

Herberz, Chantal; Steidl, Ralph; Werner, Pascal; Hagen, Julia

2018-03-01

Digital health products and services have started to fundamentally change healthcare and prevention. Products intended for a medical use require CE-marking and potentially certification (ISO 13485) of the company. Startups play an important role in the development of new digital products and services. Two startups share their experience with these processes. Becoming a part of standard care and hence being reimbursed is a challenge for startups. For this reason, startups pursue alternative sources of income, too. The statutory health insurance's procedures for assessing new products and services are perceived as long. Startups are required to provide evidence of the benefit of their product at an early stage in the procedure. This requires time-consuming and costly studies. Startups would therefore appreciate support in generating this evidence, e. g. through adequate procedures for testing.

Start-Up Entrepreneurs and University Students in a Co-Learning Mode: Learning Effects of a Collaborative Entrepreneurial Coaching Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saukkonen, Juha; Nukari, Jussi; Ballard, Sharon; Levie, Jonathan

2016-01-01

Start-up companies have been recognized as key drivers of wealth and job creation. Many students now in universities will therefore find their future employment in start-up companies, or will found them. Success in the start-up environment requires a specific set of skills. There is a growing supply of university education for new venture creation…

77 FR 6814 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Bonded Warehouse Proprietor's Submission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... burden to respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (total capital/startup costs... burden hours or to CBP Form 300. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses...

77 FR 3785 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Importers of Merchandise Subject to Actual Use Provisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments that are... to the information collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses...

78 FR 77484 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Documents Required Aboard Private Aircraft

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments... to extend the expiration date of this information collection with no change to the burden hours. Type...

76 FR 80375 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Screening Requirements for Carriers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance... information collection with no change to the burden hours or to the information collected. Type of Review...

76 FR 19119 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Report of Diversion

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... to the burden hours or to the information being collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change...

75 FR 57480 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Commercial Invoice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... Responses per Respondent: 1,208. Estimated Number of Total Annual Responses: 46,500,000. Estimated time per...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

Policy implications of startup utilization by enrollees in prepaid group plans.

PubMed

Baloff, N; Griffith, M J

1984-04-01

This article discusses several policy implications of the so-called startup effect, in which high initial health services utilization by new enrollees in prepaid group plans ( PGPs ) becomes reduced with the increasing duration of membership. Results of research in a developing PGP are analyzed as they relate to a mathematical model of startups for two measures of enrollee use. After estimating the total costs of startups in this setting, the motivating effects of such costs on PGPs are examined in relation to several policy issues--including the rate of PGP development in the United States, the use of financial incentives to enroll the elderly and medically disadvantaged, potential inequities of premium determination, the large impact of startups on disenrollment , and the federally mandated process of annual announcement of benefits and open enrollment. Ideas and mechanisms for future study on the startup effect and its policy implications are discussed.

Policy implications of startup utilization by enrollees in prepaid group plans.

PubMed Central

Baloff, N; Griffith, M J

1984-01-01

This article discusses several policy implications of the so-called startup effect, in which high initial health services utilization by new enrollees in prepaid group plans ( PGPs ) becomes reduced with the increasing duration of membership. Results of research in a developing PGP are analyzed as they relate to a mathematical model of startups for two measures of enrollee use. After estimating the total costs of startups in this setting, the motivating effects of such costs on PGPs are examined in relation to several policy issues--including the rate of PGP development in the United States, the use of financial incentives to enroll the elderly and medically disadvantaged, potential inequities of premium determination, the large impact of startups on disenrollment , and the federally mandated process of annual announcement of benefits and open enrollment. Ideas and mechanisms for future study on the startup effect and its policy implications are discussed. PMID:6724954

Startup analysis for a high temperature gas loaded heat pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sockol, P. M.

1973-01-01

A model for the rapid startup of a high-temperature gas-loaded heat pipe is presented. A two-dimensional diffusion analysis is used to determine the rate of energy transport by the vapor between the hot and cold zones of the pipe. The vapor transport rate is then incorporated in a simple thermal model of the startup of a radiation-cooled heat pipe. Numerical results for an argon-lithium system show that radial diffusion to the cold wall can produce large vapor flow rates during a rapid startup. The results also show that startup is not initiated until the vapor pressure p sub v in the hot zone reaches a precise value proportional to the initial gas pressure p sub i. Through proper choice of p sub i, startup can be delayed until p sub v is large enough to support a heat-transfer rate sufficient to overcome a thermal load on the heat pipe.

The physics of tokamak start-up

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mueller, D.

Tokamak start-up on present-day devices usually relies on inductively induced voltage from a central solenoid. In some cases, inductive startup is assisted with auxiliary power from electron cyclotron radio frequency heating. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade and JT60, now under construction, will make use of the understanding gained from present-day devices to ensure successful start-up. Design of a spherical tokamak (ST) with DT capability for nuclear component testing would require an alternative to a central solenoid because the small central column in an ST has insufficient space to provide shielding for the insulators in themore » solenoid. Alternative start-up techniques such as induction using outer poloidal field coils, electron Bernstein wave start-up, coaxial helicity injection, and point source helicity injection have been used with success, but require demonstration of scaling to higher plasma current.« less

Startup of RAPID-L Lunar Base Reactor by Lithium Release Module

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kambe, Mitsuru

The 200 kWe uranium-nitride fueled lithium cooled fast reactor concept RAPID-L to be combined with thermoelectric power conversion system for lunar base power system is demonstrated. Unique challenges in reactivity control systems design have been attempted in RAPID-L concept. The reactor involves the following innovative reactivity control systems: Lithium Expansion Modules (LEM) for inherent reactivity feedback, Lithium Injection Modules (LIM) for inherent ultimate shutdown, and Lithium Release Modules (LRM) for automated reactor startup. All these systems adopt lithium-6 as a liquid poison instead of conventional B4C rods or Be reflectors. These systems are effective independent of the magnitude and direction of the gravity force. In 2006, however, the following design amendment has been made. 1) B4C poison rods were added to ensure criticality safety in unintended positive reactivity insertion by LRMs due to fire in the launch phase accident; because LRM freeze seal melts at 800°C which result in positive reactivity insertion. 2) Lower hot standby temperature of 200°C was adopted instead of conventional 800°C to reduce the external power at the startup. In this paper, development of the LRM orifice which dominates the startup transient of RAPID-L is discussed. An attention was focused how to achieve sufficiently small flow rate of 6Li in the orifice because it enables moderate positive reactivity insertion rate. The LRM orifice performance has been confirmed using 0.5 mm diameter SUS316 orifice/lithium flow test setup in the glove box.

Start-up and incremental practice expenses for behavior change interventions in primary care.

PubMed

Dodoo, Martey S; Krist, Alex H; Cifuentes, Maribel; Green, Larry A

2008-11-01

If behavior-change services are to be offered routinely in primary care practices, providers must be appropriately compensated. Estimating what is spent by practices in providing such services is a critical component of establishing appropriate payment and was the objective of this study. In-practice expenditure data were collected for ten different interventions, using a standardized instrument in 29 practices nested in ten practice-based research networks across the U.S. during 2006-2007. The data were analyzed using standard templates to create credible estimates of the expenses incurred for both the start-up period and the implementation phase of the interventions. Average monthly start-up expenses were $1860 per practice (SE=$455). Most start-up expenditures were for staff training. Average monthly incremental costs were $58 ($15 for provision of direct care [SE=$5]; $43 in overhead [SE=$17]) per patient participant. The bulk of the intervention expenditures was spent on the recruitment and screening of patient participants. Primary care practices must spend money to address their patients' unhealthy behaviors--at least $1860 to initiate systematic approaches and $58 monthly per participating patient to implement the approaches routinely. Until primary care payment systems incorporate these expenses, it is unlikely that these services will be readily available.

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

Business Angels - A Subspecies of the homo oeconomicus ludens.

PubMed

Hüsler, Laurenz; Platzer, Erich M

2014-12-01

Business Angels invest in start-up companies in their early stage. This type of investor usually has a good knowledge of the start-up's industry sector, and in addition to the funds he invests, his management experience and his network can be useful for start-ups. Business Angel involvement has shown to improve the success rate and the profitability of start-ups. The article depicts the relationship between entrepreneurs and Business Angels in four case examples.

Improving startup graphs of nonunitized turbines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trukhnii, A.D.; Shreder, K.; Kochetov, A.A.

1981-12-01

The existing startup instructions for nonunitized steam turbines in a number of cases are not optimum from the standpoint of low-cycle fatigue. Lengthening the period of acceleration, holding at idle and loading not only lead to significant startup losses of fuel, but also reduce the low-cycle strength of the rotor. Eliminating these drawbacks within the scope of ordinary technology for startup and in the absence of other factors not associated with low-cycle fatigue will enable us to reduce by more than a factor of two the length of startups from the cold and noncold states and in so doing increasemore » low-cycle lifetime by a factor of 1.5-2. The use of steam with low parameters from a collector is effective at low initial rotor temperatures, in particular, during startups from the cold state. For this case it is possible to increase low-cycle lifetime by almost a factor of 3 by limiting the total startup time by one hour. The use of steam with varying temperatures essentially solved the problem of low-cycle lifetime of a rotor during startups from all heat states, especially from the noncold and hot states. Increasing the radius of curvature of the heat channel during modernization or major overhaul of a turbine will enable us to increase its low-cycle lifetime by a factor of 2-4.« less

78 FR 67383 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Importer ID Input Record

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

... or record keepers from the collection of information (total capital/startup costs and operations and... change to the burden hours or to the information collected on CBP Form 5106. Type of Review: Extension...

77 FR 36567 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application and Approval To Manipulate, Examine, Sample...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... information (total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments that are... collection with no change to the burden hours or to the information collected. Type of Review: Extension...

76 FR 62086 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Entry and Manifest of Merchandise Free of Duty, Carrier...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public: Businesses. Estimated Number of...

78 FR 59365 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Entry and Manifest of Merchandise Free of Duty, Carrier...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations... to the information being collected. Type of Review: Extension (without change). Affected Public...

76 FR 33023 - Agency Information Collection Activity; Proposed Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... amount of withholding tax under the provisions of an income tax treaty must disclose its reliance upon a... techniques or other forms of information technology; and (e) estimates of capital or start-up costs and costs...

78 FR 57405 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Transportation Entry and Manifest of Goods Subject to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance.... Estimated Time per Response: 10 minutes. Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 896,400 hours. Dated...

76 FR 34245 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Petition for Remission or Mitigation of Forfeitures and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-13

... keepers from the collection of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance... Number of Respondents: 28,000. Estimated Total Annual Responses: 28,000. Estimated Time per Respondent...

75 FR 24731 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Regulations Relating to Recordation and Enforcement of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total of capital/startup costs and...). Affected Public: Businesses and Individuals. Estimated Number of Respondents: 2,000. Estimated Time per...

76 FR 60853 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Documents Required Aboard Private Aircraft

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

... respondents or record keepers from the collection of information (a total of capital/startup costs and.... Estimated Number of Respondents: 120,000. Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 120,000. Estimated Time per...

77 FR 30279 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

... Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; CAIR To Reduce Interstate Transport... Management and Budget (OMB), Attention: Desk Officer for EPA, 725 17th Street NW., Washington, DC 20503. FOR... logically divided into two categories: (1) Annualized startup/capital and operational costs associated with...

Non-solenoidal startup and low-β operations in Pegasus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlossberg, D. J.; Battaglia, D. J.; Bongard, M. W.; Fonck, R. J.; Redd, A. J.

2009-11-01

Non-solenoidal startup using point-source DC helicity injectors (plasma guns) has been achieved in the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment for plasmas with Ip in excess of 100 kA using Iinj<4,A. The maximum achieved Ip tentatively scales as √ITFIinj/w, where w is the radial thickness of the gun-driven edge. The Ip limits appear to conform to a simple stationary model involving helicity conservation and Taylor relaxation. However, observed MHD activity reveals the additional dynamics of the relaxation process, evidenced by intermittent bursts of n=1 activity correlated with rapid redistribution of the current channel. Recent upgrades to the gun system provide higher helicity injection rates, smaller w, a more constrained gun current path, and more precise diagnostics. Experimental goals include extending parametric scaling studies, determining the conditions where parallel conduction losses dominate the helicity dissipation, and building the physics understanding of helicity injection to confidently design gun systems for larger, future tokamaks.

Startup and oxygen concentration effects in a continuous granular mixed flow autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor.

PubMed

Varas, Rodrigo; Guzmán-Fierro, Víctor; Giustinianovich, Elisa; Behar, Jack; Fernández, Katherina; Roeckel, Marlene

2015-08-01

The startup and performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was tested in a continuously fed granular bubble column reactor (BCR) with two different aeration strategies: controlling the oxygen volumetric flow and oxygen concentration. During the startup with the control of oxygen volumetric flow, the air volume was adjusted to 60mL/h and the CANON reactor had volumetric N loadings ranging from 7.35 to 100.90mgN/Ld with 36-71% total nitrogen removal and high instability. In the second stage, the reactor was operated at oxygen concentrations of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2mg/L. The best condition was 0.2 mgO2/L with a total nitrogen removal of 75.36% with a CANON reactor activity of 0.1149gN/gVVSd and high stability. The feasibility and effectiveness of CANON processes with oxygen control was demonstrated, showing an alternative design tool for efficiently removing nitrogen species. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Strong Start-up Scene Flourishes in the Life Sciences Capital Basel.

PubMed

Burckhardt, Peter

2014-12-01

Basel is known for its successful global players in Pharma, Agro and Chemicals. The wealth of top-tier companies, universities and academic institutions in such a small region is unparalleled. It creates an optimum climate for world-class research and its translation into successful businesses. This is also reflected in a strong start-up scene. Over the past decades the multinational players have shown that they are able to adapt to the ever-increasing challenges in the market. Basel has seen blue-chip company mergers, accompanied by the transfer of business assets into spin-off companies. This process created a mind-set for change which has positively influenced the local start-up environment. Actelion is one of these former spin-offs that successfully made the transition to become a global player. BioVersys and PIQUR are two of the most promising very early stage Swiss biotech companies. Many other examples can be found in Northwestern Switzerland. The region also offers a solid background of supporting activities. Infrastructure, coaching and all other support are offered and complement national innovation initiatives.

Polydopamine as a new modification material to accelerate startup and promote anode performance in microbial fuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Qing; An, Jingkun; Li, Junhui; Zhou, Lean; Li, Nan; Wang, Xin

2017-03-01

The bacterial anode material is important to the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because its characteristics affect the biofilm formation and extracellular electron transfer. Here we find that a superhydrophilic semiconductor, polydopamine (PDA), is an effective modification material for the anode to accelerate startup and improve power density. When the activated carbon anode is added with 50% (wt.) PDA, the startup time is 14% shorter than the control (from 88 h to 76 h), with a 31% increase in maximum power density from 613 ± 9 to 803 ± 6 mW m-2, and the Columbic efficiency increases from 19% to 48%. These can be primarily attributed to the abundant functional groups (such as amino group, and catechol functions) introduced by PDA that improve hydrophilicity and extracellular electron transfer. PDA also increases proportions of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes families, indicating that PDA has a selective effect on anode microbial community. Our findings provide a new approach to accelerate anode biofilm formation and enhance MFC power output by modification of biocompatible PDA.

Community structure dynamics during startup in microbial fuel cells - The effect of phosphate concentrations.

PubMed

Yanuka-Golub, Keren; Reshef, Leah; Rishpon, Judith; Gophna, Uri

2016-07-01

For microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to become a cost-effective wastewater treatment technology, they must produce a stable electro-active microbial community quickly and operate under realistic wastewater nutrient conditions. The composition of the anodic-biofilm and planktonic-cells communities was followed temporally for MFCs operated under typical laboratory phosphate concentrations (134mgL(-1)P) versus wastewater phosphate concentrations (16mgL(-1)P). A stable peak voltage was attained two-fold faster in MFCs operating under lower phosphate concentration. All anodic-biofilms were composed of well-known exoelectrogenic bacterial families; however, MFCs showing faster startup and a stable voltage had a Desulfuromonadaceae-dominated-biofilm, while biofilms co-dominated by Desulfuromonadaceae and Geobacteraceae characterized slower or less stable MFCs. Interestingly,planktonic-cell concentrations of these bacteria followed a similar trend as the anodic-biofilm and could therefore serve as a biomarker for its formation. These results demonstrate that wastewater-phosphate concentrations do not compromise MFCs efficiency, and considerably speed up startup times. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.9610 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. The terms startup... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). [68...

Sonic limitations and startup problems of heat pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deverall, J. E.; Kemme, J. E.; Florschuetz, L. W.

1972-01-01

Introduction of small amounts of inert, noncombustible gas aids startup in certain types of heat pipes. When the heat pipe is closely coupled to the heat sink, the startup system must be designed to bring the heat sink on-line slowly.

Effect of pre-acclimation of granular activated carbon on microbial electrolysis cell startup and performance.

PubMed

LaBarge, Nicole; Yilmazel, Yasemin Dilsad; Hong, Pei-Ying; Logan, Bruce E

2017-02-01

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can generate methane by fixing carbon dioxide without using expensive catalysts, but the impact of acclimation procedures on subsequent performance has not been investigated. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to pre-enrich electrotrophic methanogenic communities, as GAC has been shown to stimulate direct transfer of electrons between different microbial species. MEC startup times using pre-acclimated GAC were improved compared to controls (without pre-acclimation or without GAC), and after three fed batch cycles methane generation rates were similar (P>0.4) for GAC acclimated to hydrogen (22±9.3nmolcm -3 d -1 ), methanol (25±9.7nmolcm -3 d -1 ), and a volatile fatty acid (VFA) mix (22±11nmolcm -3 d -1 ). However, MECs started with GAC but no pre-acclimation had lower methane generation rates (13±4.1nmolcm -3 d -1 ), and MECs without GAC had the lowest rates (0.7±0.8nmolcm -3 d -1 after cycle 2). Microbes previously found in methanogenic MECs, or previously shown to be capable of exocellular electron transfer, were enriched on the GAC. Pre-acclimation using GAC is therefore a simple approach to enrich electroactive communities, improve methane generation rates, and decrease startup times in MECs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 30925 - Information Collection; Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

.../startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None. Instrument: Application and Budget.../startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None. AmeriCorps\\*\\VISTA Project Progress...,800 hours. Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None...

40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup, shutdown, and... report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction occurred during the...

A single center analysis of factors influencing study start-up timeline in clinical trials.

PubMed

Krafcik, Brianna M; Doros, Gheorghe; Malikova, Marina A

2017-11-01

Efficient start-up phase in clinical trials is crucial to execution. The goal was to determine factors contributing to delays. The start-up milestones were assessed for 38 studies and analyzed. Total start-up time was shorter for following studies: device trials, no outsourcing, fewer ancillary services used and in interventional versus observational designs. The use of a centralized Institutional Review Board (IRB) versus a local IRB reduced time to approval. Studies that never enrolled took longer on average to finalize their budget/contract, and obtain IRB than ones that did enroll. Different features of clinical trials can affect timeline of start-up process. An understanding of the impact of each feature allows for optimization.

[Factors of the rapid startup for nitrosation in sequencing batch reactor].

PubMed

Li, Dong; Tao, Xiao-Xiao; Li, Zhan; Wang, Jun-An; Zhang, Jie

2011-08-01

The approach and factors for realizing the rapid startup of nitrosation were researched at the low level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The main parameters of the reactor were controlled as follows: DO were 0.15-0.40 mg/L, pH values kept from 7.52 to 8.30, temperature maintained at 22.3-27.1 degrees C, and time of aeration was 8 hours. The purpose of rapid startup for nitrosation was achieved after 57 cycles (36 d) with the alternative influent of high and low ammonium wastewater (the mean values were 245.28 mg/L and 58.08 mg/L respectively) in a SBR, and the nitrosation rate was even 100%. Factors of accumulation of nitrite were investigated and the effects of DO and pH were analyzed during the startup for nitrosation. The results showed that it could improve the efficiency of nitrosation when DO concentration was increased appropriately. The activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was recovered gradually when DO was higher than 0.72 mg/L. The key factor of controlling nitrosation reaction was the concentration of free ammonia (FA), while the final factor was the concentration of DO. pH was a desired controlling parameter to show the end of nitrification in a SBR cycle, while DO concentration did not indicate the finishing of SBR nitrification accurately because it increased rapidly before ammonia nitrogen was oxidized absolutely.

77 FR 11142 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request, State/Local...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-24

..., and to establish a coordinated process to implement the plan, taking advantage of a wide-range of... maintenance costs for technical services. There are no annual start-up or capital costs. The estimated annual...

76 FR 13200 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request, 1660-0062; State...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... losses from hazards, and to establish a coordinated process to implement the plan, taking advantage of a... maintenance, or capital and start-up costs associated with this collection of information. Comments Comments...

20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... owner or operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup... information in a semiannual report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 52.1183 - Visibility protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and... that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (viii) All CEMS required by this section must meet the minimum data...

Application of Townsend avalanche theory to tokamak startup by coaxial helicity injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammond, K. C.; Raman, R.; Volpe, F. A.

2018-01-01

The Townsend avalanche theory is employed to model and interpret plasma initiation in NSTX by Ohmic heating and coaxial helicity injection (CHI). The model is informed by spatially resolved vacuum calculations of electric field and magnetic field line connection length in the poloidal cross-section. The model is shown to explain observations of Ohmic startup including the duration and location of breakdown. Adapting the model to discharges initiated by CHI offers insight into the causes of upper divertor (absorber) arcs in cases where the discharge fails to start in the lower divertor gap. Finally, upper and lower limits are established for vessel gas fill based on requirements for breakdown and radiation. It is predicted that CHI experiments on NSTX-U should be able to use as much as four times the amount of prefill gas employed in CHI experiments in NSTX. This should provide greater flexibility for plasma start-up, as the injector flux is projected to be increased in NSTX-U.

Start-up Characteristics of Swallow-tailed Axial-grooved Heat Pipe under the conditions of Multiple Heat Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Renping

2017-12-01

A mathematical model was developed for predicting start-up characteristics of Swallow-tailed Axial-grooved Heat Pipe under the conditions of Multiple Heat Sources. The effects of heat capacitance of heat source, liquid-vapour interfacial evaporation-condensation heat transfer, shear stress at the interface was considered in current model. The interfacial evaporating mass flow rate is based on the kinetic analysis. Time variations of evaporating mass rate, wall temperature and liquid velocity are studied from the start-up to steady state. The calculated results show that wall temperature demonstrates step transition at the junction between the heat source and non-existent heat source on the evaporator. The liquid velocity changes drastically at the evaporator section, however, it has slight variation at the evaporator section without heat source. When the effect of heat source is ignored, the numerical temperature demonstrates a quicker response. With the consideration of capacitance of the heat source, the data obtained from the proposed model agree well with the experimental results.

Emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase distributions of PCDD/F in a hazardous waste incinerator under transient conditions

PubMed Central

Wang, Chao; Cen, Kefa; Ni, Mingjiang; Li, Xiaodong

2018-01-01

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase partitions under three continued operation conditions, i.e. shut-down, start-up and after start-up, were investigated by sampling stack gas. The results indicated that the PCDD/F emission levels were 0.40–18.03 ng I-TEQ Nm−3, much higher than the annual monitoring level (0.016 ng I-TEQ Nm−3). Additionally, the PCDD/F emission levels in start-up were higher than the other two conditions. Furthermore, the PCDD/F congener profiles differed markedly between shut-down and start-up, and the chlorination degree of PCDD/F increased in shut-down and decreased evidently in start-up. Moreover, PCDD/F vapour/particulate phase distributions varied significantly under three transient conditions. The PCDD/F vapour phase proportion decreased as the shut-down process continued, then increased as the start-up process proceeded, finally more than 98% of the PCDD/F congeners were distributed in the vapour phase after start-up. The correlations between log(Cv/Cs) versus log pL0 of each PCDD/F congener in stack gas were disorganized in shut-down, and trend to a linear distribution after start-up. Besides, polychlorinated biphenyl emissions show behaviour similar to that of PCDD/F, and the lower chlorinated congeners have a stronger relationship with 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, such as M1CB and D2CB. PMID:29410821

Characteristics of dioxin emissions at startup and shutdown of MSW incinerators.

PubMed

Tejima, Hajime; Nishigaki, Masahide; Fujita, Yasuyuki; Matsumoto, Akihiro; Takeda, Nobuo; Takaoka, Masaki

2007-01-01

Dioxin concentrations from municipal waste incinerators in Japan and elsewhere often show low concentrations that comply with legal limits (in this paper, the term "dioxin" designates WHO-TEQ: PCDD/Fs+dioxin-like PCB). However, such data is usually generated under normal steady state operational conditions, and there has been little investigation of releases occurring during startup and shutdown. It is important, therefore, to ascertain quantitatively emissions in an unsteady state (startup and shutdown) in order to correctly evaluate the relationship between emissions from a facility and the surrounding environment. The present study aimed to examine dioxin emissions of a continuously operated incinerator at startup and shutdown, and estimating the time period of greatest emission, and the processes causing dioxin generation. The startup process was divided into five stages and the shutdown into two; at each stage, dioxins in the flue gas were measured at the boiler outlet and the stack. From the concentration of dioxins and the flue gas volume at each stage, the amount of dioxins at startup and shutdown were calculated, and these were compared with that under steady state conditions. Dioxin concentration at the stack under steady state conditions was a very low level, while those at startup and shutdown were higher. In the case where dioxin concentration under a steady state is a low level like in this study, it is indicated that the total annual dioxin emission from a facility could be attributed to the startup periods.

Biogas properties and enzymatic analysis during anaerobic fermentation of Phragmites australis straw and cow dung: influence of nickel chloride supplement.

PubMed

Tian, Yonglan; Zhang, Huayong; Chai, Yang; Wang, Lijun; Mi, Xueyue; Zhang, Luyi; Ware, Maxwell Adam

2017-02-01

The importance of nickel (added as NiCl 2 ) on mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of Phragmites australis straw and cow dung was demonstrated by investigating the biogas properties, pH values, organic matter degradation [chemical oxygen demand (COD)] and enzyme activities (cellulase, protease and dehydrogenase) during the fermentation process. The results showed that Ni 2+ addition increased the cumulative biogas yields by >18 % by improving the efficiency of first peak stage and bringing forward the second peak stage. The pH values were not significantly influenced by Ni 2+ addition (p > 0.05). Biogas yields were associated with variations in COD concentrations rather than momentary concentrations. At the start-up stage of fermentation (4th day), the biogas yields increased gradually together with the increase of dehydrogenase activities at elevated Ni 2+ concentrations when cellulase and protease activities were similar in all test groups. It is suggested that Ni 2+ addition was mainly dependent on the methanogenic stage. After the start-up stage, the impact of Ni 2+ addition on biogas production was mainly dependent on its effect on cellulase activities, rather than protease or dehydrogenase activities.

40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

Transient Three-Dimensional Side Load Analysis of a Film Cooled Nozzle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Ten-See; Guidos, Mike

2008-01-01

Transient three-dimensional numerical investigations on the side load physics for an engine encompassing a film cooled nozzle extension and a regeneratively cooled thrust chamber, were performed. The objectives of this study are to identify the three-dimensional side load physics and to compute the associated aerodynamic side load using an anchored computational methodology. The computational methodology is based on an unstructured-grid, pressure-based computational fluid dynamics formulation, and a transient inlet history based on an engine system simulation. Ultimately, the computational results will be provided to the nozzle designers for estimating of effect of the peak side load on the nozzle structure. Computations simulating engine startup at ambient pressures corresponding to sea level and three high altitudes were performed. In addition, computations for both engine startup and shutdown transients were also performed for a stub nozzle, operating at sea level. For engine with the full nozzle extension, computational result shows starting up at sea level, the peak side load occurs when the lambda shock steps into the turbine exhaust flow, while the side load caused by the transition from free-shock separation to restricted-shock separation comes at second; and the side loads decreasing rapidly and progressively as the ambient pressure decreases. For the stub nozzle operating at sea level, the computed side loads during both startup and shutdown becomes very small due to the much reduced flow area.

Management Education for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the European Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holzer, Rainer

This report summarizes the activities of various bodies providing training impetus for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe on the three levels of (1) basic management education for potential small and medium-sized business owners and/or managers; (2) programs for small firm start-ups; and (3) activities to improve the management of…

30 CFR 580.12 - What must I include in my application or notification?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... permit application form (Form BOEM-0134) at least 30 days before the startup date for activities in the... type, location, purpose, and dates of activity; and environmental and other information. A... type of research and a brief description of how you will conduct it; (4) A map, plat, or chart, that...

30 CFR 580.12 - What must I include in my application or notification?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... permit application form (Form BOEM-0134) at least 30 days before the startup date for activities in the... type, location, purpose, and dates of activity; and environmental and other information. A... type of research and a brief description of how you will conduct it; (4) A map, plat, or chart, that...

30 CFR 580.12 - What must I include in my application or notification?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... permit application form (Form BOEM-0134) at least 30 days before the startup date for activities in the... type, location, purpose, and dates of activity; and environmental and other information. A... type of research and a brief description of how you will conduct it; (4) A map, plat, or chart, that...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 63.11506 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... startup date is on or before July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart... startup date is after July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11422 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... later than July 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must... startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.2860 - What notifications must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (2) The notification of actual startup date must also include whether you have elected to operate under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) and provide an estimate and justification for the anticipated duration of the initial startup period. (c) Significant modification notifications...

40 CFR 63.11506 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... startup date is on or before July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart... startup date is after July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report must include the information... requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if...

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... that commenced construction before or on March 24, 1998, or (2) June 14, 1999 or startup for sources..., or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20, 2006. (c) The compliance... September 9, 2013. (d) The compliance date for new sources is November 9, 2010 or startup, whichever is...

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that commenced construction before or on March 24, 1998, or (2) June 14, 1999 or startup for sources..., or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20, 2006. (c) The compliance... September 9, 2013. (d) The compliance date for new sources is November 9, 2010 or startup, whichever is...

40 CFR 63.11506 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... startup date is on or before July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart... startup date is after July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

78 FR 20855 - State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for Rulemaking; Findings of Substantial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... SIP Calls To Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and... SIP Calls to Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and... Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction...

40 CFR 63.11422 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... later than July 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must... startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11506 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... startup date is on or before July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart... startup date is after July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.2860 - What notifications must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (2) The notification of actual startup date must also include whether you have elected to operate under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) and provide an estimate and justification for the anticipated duration of the initial startup period. (c) Significant modification notifications...

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or startup for sources that commenced construction after March 24, 1998. (b) The compliance date for... before or on December 20, 2006, or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20... compliance date for new sources is February 12, 2013, or startup, whichever is later. (e) The compliance date...

40 CFR 63.1351 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or startup for sources that commenced construction after March 24, 1998. (b) The compliance date for... before or on December 20, 2006, or (2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20... compliance date for new sources is February 12, 2013, or startup, whichever is later. (e) The compliance date...

40 CFR 63.11641 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... startup of your affected source is on or before February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of... initial startup of your affected source is after February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11422 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... later than July 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must... startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11641 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... startup of your affected source is on or before February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of... initial startup of your affected source is after February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11641 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... startup of your affected source is on or before February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of... initial startup of your affected source is after February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.2860 - What notifications must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (2) The notification of actual startup date must also include whether you have elected to operate under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) and provide an estimate and justification for the anticipated duration of the initial startup period. (c) Significant modification notifications...

40 CFR 63.11422 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... later than July 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must... startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11422 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... later than July 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must... startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11641 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... startup of your affected source is on or before February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of... initial startup of your affected source is after February 17, 2011, you must comply with the provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11506 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... startup date is on or before July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart... startup date is after July 1, 2008, you must achieve compliance with the provisions of this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 65.48 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE Storage Vessels § 65.48 Reporting provisions. (a) Notification of initial startup. If § 65.5(b) requires that a notification of initial startup be filed, then the content of the notification of initial startup shall at least include the information specified in § 65.5(b) and the...

40 CFR 63.366 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of (initial) startup of the source. (8) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by.... New or reconstructed sources subject to these emissions standards with an initial startup date before... application shall be submitted as soon as practicable before the initial startup date but no later than 60...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 65.48 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE Storage Vessels § 65.48 Reporting provisions. (a) Notification of initial startup. If § 65.5(b) requires that a notification of initial startup be filed, then the content of the notification of initial startup shall at least include the information specified in § 65.5(b) and the...

26 CFR 1.860A-0 - Outline of REMIC provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... REMIC return. (1) In general. (2) REMIC whose startup day is before November 10, 1988. (i) In general. (ii) Startup day. (iii) Exception. (d) Designation of tax matters person. (e) Notice to holders of.... (4) Fixed terms on the startup day. (5) Contingencies prohibited. (b) Special rules for regular...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.1367 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) of subpart A of this part. (3) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. The owner or operator of an affected source shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan as specified in § 63.6(e)(3... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction and a program for corrective action for a...

40 CFR 61.33 - Stack sampling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... which has an initial startup date preceding February 27, 2014; or (2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding February 27, 2014. (b) The... relative frequency of operation of different types of processes, operating hours, operating capacities, or...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

26 CFR 1.860A-0 - Outline of REMIC provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... REMIC return. (1) In general. (2) REMIC whose startup day is before November 10, 1988. (i) In general. (ii) Startup day. (iii) Exception. (d) Designation of tax matters person. (e) Notice to holders of.... (4) Fixed terms on the startup day. (5) Contingencies prohibited. (b) Special rules for regular...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., is not exceeded, except during periods of startup and shutdown when the temperature limit may be... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by... periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent. (b) The...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

40 CFR 65.48 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE Storage Vessels § 65.48 Reporting provisions. (a) Notification of initial startup. If § 65.5(b) requires that a notification of initial startup be filed, then the content of the notification of initial startup shall at least include the information specified in § 65.5(b) and the...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

40 CFR 65.48 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE Storage Vessels § 65.48 Reporting provisions. (a) Notification of initial startup. If § 65.5(b) requires that a notification of initial startup be filed, then the content of the notification of initial startup shall at least include the information specified in § 65.5(b) and the...

40 CFR 63.366 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of (initial) startup of the source. (8) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by.... New or reconstructed sources subject to these emissions standards with an initial startup date before... application shall be submitted as soon as practicable before the initial startup date but no later than 60...

40 CFR 63.366 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of (initial) startup of the source. (8) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by.... New or reconstructed sources subject to these emissions standards with an initial startup date before... application shall be submitted as soon as practicable before the initial startup date but no later than 60...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., is not exceeded, except during periods of startup and shutdown when the temperature limit may be... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by... periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent. (b) The...

40 CFR 63.366 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of (initial) startup of the source. (8) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by.... New or reconstructed sources subject to these emissions standards with an initial startup date before... application shall be submitted as soon as practicable before the initial startup date but no later than 60...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 65.48 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE Storage Vessels § 65.48 Reporting provisions. (a) Notification of initial startup. If § 65.5(b) requires that a notification of initial startup be filed, then the content of the notification of initial startup shall at least include the information specified in § 65.5(b) and the...

Startup of Pumping Units in Process Water Supplies with Cooling Towers at Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berlin, V. V., E-mail: vberlin@rinet.ru; Murav’ev, O. A., E-mail: muraviov1954@mail.ru; Golubev, A. V., E-mail: electronik@inbox.ru

Aspects of the startup of pumping units in the cooling and process water supply systems for thermal and nuclear power plants with cooling towers, the startup stages, and the limits imposed on the extreme parameters during transients are discussed.

"Size Matters": Women in High Tech Start-Ups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lackritz, Hilary

2001-03-01

For those who want constant excitement, change, and rapid opportunities to have an impact in the technical world, start-up companies offer wonderful challenges. This talk will focus realistically on rewards and risks in the start-up world. An outline of the differences between the high tech start-ups and the academic and consulting worlds from a personal viewpoint will be presented. Size usually does matter, and in this case, small size can equal independence, entrepreneurship, and other advantages that are hard to come by in Dilbert’s corporate world.

75 FR 59733 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Arrival and Departure Record (Forms I-94 and I-94W) and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-28

... of information (a total capital/startup costs and operations and maintenance costs). The comments... Number of Respondents: 100,000. Estimated Number of Total Annual Responses: 100,000. Estimated Time per...

76 FR 56500 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

..., 2011. The Dodd-Frank Act also abolishes the OTS ninety days after the transfer date. As part of that... information technology; and (e) Estimates of capital or start-up costs and costs of operation, maintenance...

Formation and removal of PCDD/Fs in a municipal waste incinerator during different operating periods.

PubMed

Wang, Hou Chuan; Hwang, Jyh Feng; Chi, Kai Hsien; Chang, Moo Been

2007-04-01

The PCDD/F concentrations and removal efficiencies achieved with air pollution control devices (APCDs) during different operating periods (start-up, normal operation, and shut-down) at an existing municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Taiwan are evaluated via stack sampling and analysis. The MWI investigated is equipped with electrostatic precipitators (EP), wet scrubbers (WS), and selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) as APCDs. The sampling results indicate that the PCDD/F concentrations at the EP inlet during start-up period were 15 times higher than that measured during normal operation period. The PCDD/F concentration observed at shut-down period was close to that measured at normal operation period. The CO concentration was between 400 and 1000 ppm during start-up period, which was about 50 times higher compared with the normal operation. Hence, combustion condition significantly affected the PCDD/F formation concentration during the waste incineration process. In addition, the distributions of the PCDD/F congeners were similar at different operating periods. During the normal operation and shut-down periods, the EP decreases the PCDD/F concentration (based on TEQ) by 18.4-48.6%, while the removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs achieved with SCR system reaches 99.3-99.6%. Nevertheless, the PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with SCR was only 42% during the 19-h start-up period due to the low SCR operating temperature (195 degrees C).

Anammox-based technologies for nitrogen removal: Advances in process start-up and remaining issues.

PubMed

Ali, Muhammad; Okabe, Satoshi

2015-12-01

Nitrogen removal from wastewater via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based process has been recognized as efficient, cost-effective and low energy alternative to the conventional nitrification and denitrification processes. To date, more than one hundred full-scale anammox plants have been installed and operated for treatment of NH4(+)-rich wastewater streams around the world, and the number is increasing rapidly. Since the discovery of anammox process, extensive researches have been done to develop various anammox-based technologies. However, there are still some challenges in practical application of anammox-based treatment process at full-scale, e.g., longer start-up period, limited application to mainstream municipal wastewater and poor effluent water quality. This paper aimed to summarize recent status of application of anammox process and researches on technological development for solving these remaining problems. In addition, an integrated system of anammox-based process and microbial fuel cell is proposed for sustainable and energy-positive wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermal Storage Properties of Molten Nitrate Salt-Based Nanofluids with Graphene Nanoplatelets.

PubMed

Xie, Qiangzhi; Zhu, Qunzhi; Li, Yan

2016-12-01

In this study, the effect of concentration of nanoparticles on the thermal storage properties of molten nitrate salt-based nanofluids with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was investigated. Solar salt consisting of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate was utilized as the base material for the nanofluids. Homogeneous dispersion of GNPs within the solar salt was observed through scanning electron microscopy analysis. For both solar salt and resultant nanofluids, differential scanning calorimetry was employed to measure the thermal storage properties, including characteristic temperatures of phase change, startup heat, and specific heat capacity (SHC). A maximum increase of 16.7 % in SHC at the liquid phase was found at an optimal concentration of 1 wt% of GNPs. At the same concentration, the onset temperature decreased by 10.4 °C, the endset temperature decreased by 4.7 °C, and the startup heat decreased by 9 %.

Navigating the Interface between Design Education and Fashion Business Start-up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Colleen E.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to address the interface between design education and business start-up in the designer fashion industry (DFI) and provide a new framework for reflecting on ways to improve design education and graduates' business start-up preparedness. Design/methodology/approach: This interpretive study employed…

Help Wanted: Exploring the Value of Entrepreneurial Mentoring at Start-Up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodie, Jacqueline; Van Saane, Sebastiaan Huib; Osowska, Renata

2017-01-01

The purpose of the research presented in this article was to investigate the added value of mentoring for entrepreneurs during the start-up phase. This small-scale exploratory research focused on five start-up entrepreneurs in Scotland to determine the entrepreneurs' perceptions regarding the "added" value of their mentoring support. To…

The Phenomenon of Business Start-Ups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melis, Africa

1990-01-01

A study of four European countries (France, United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain) was conducted to gather data on the business start-up process and its impact on the generation of jobs, small business start-up support programs, training and counseling programs, and characteristics of successful business starters. (The original aim of the study was to…

40 CFR 63.2233 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... section, whichever is applicable. (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before September... initial startup of your affected source is after September 28, 2004, then you must comply with the... in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing affected...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.11401 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a... this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reporting in § 63.6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report....6010(b), unless you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.11408 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subpart not later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and...

40 CFR 63.11401 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a... this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11408 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subpart not later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 63.11394 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subpart no later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.11408 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subpart not later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and...

40 CFR 63.11154 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Applicability and Compliance Dates § 63.11154 What are my compliance dates? (a) If you startup a new affected... subpart not later than January 23, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source after January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your...

40 CFR 63.11408 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subpart not later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and...

40 CFR 63.2233 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... section, whichever is applicable. (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before September... initial startup of your affected source is after September 28, 2004, then you must comply with the... in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing affected...

40 CFR 63.1191 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... becomes a major source. (2) A source that has an initial startup before the effective date of the standard. (3) A new or reconstructed source that has an initial startup after the effective date of the... major source or reconstruct a major source where the initial startup of the new or reconstructed source...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.11154 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Applicability and Compliance Dates § 63.11154 What are my compliance dates? (a) If you startup a new affected... subpart not later than January 23, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source after January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your...

40 CFR 63.2233 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... section, whichever is applicable. (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before September... initial startup of your affected source is after September 28, 2004, then you must comply with the... in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing affected...

40 CFR 63.11394 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subpart no later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 63.11394 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subpart no later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.11394 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subpart no later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 63.9040 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 63.11161 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subpart by January 23, 2007. If you startup a new sintering machine at an existing affected source after... than 180 days after startup. (b) If you have a new affected source, you must achieve compliance with...) If you startup a new affected source on or before January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with...

40 CFR 63.11401 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a... this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.11161 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subpart by January 23, 2007. If you startup a new sintering machine at an existing affected source after... than 180 days after startup. (b) If you have a new affected source, you must achieve compliance with...) If you startup a new affected source on or before January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... reporting in § 63.6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report....6010(b), unless you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 63.11429 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart by July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup... provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart upon initial startup...

40 CFR 63.1191 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... becomes a major source. (2) A source that has an initial startup before the effective date of the standard. (3) A new or reconstructed source that has an initial startup after the effective date of the... major source or reconstruct a major source where the initial startup of the new or reconstructed source...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.11401 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a... this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance Requirements ...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 63.11154 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Applicability and Compliance Dates § 63.11154 What are my compliance dates? (a) If you startup a new affected... subpart not later than January 23, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source after January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your...

40 CFR 63.11154 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Applicability and Compliance Dates § 63.11154 What are my compliance dates? (a) If you startup a new affected... subpart not later than January 23, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source after January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your...

40 CFR 63.11394 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subpart no later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the provisions in this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and Compliance...

40 CFR 63.11429 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart by July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup... provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart upon initial startup...

40 CFR 63.11161 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subpart by January 23, 2007. If you startup a new sintering machine at an existing affected source after... than 180 days after startup. (b) If you have a new affected source, you must achieve compliance with...) If you startup a new affected source on or before January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.2233 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section, whichever is applicable. (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before September... initial startup of your affected source is after September 28, 2004, then you must comply with the... in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing affected...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.11429 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart by July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup... provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart upon initial startup...

40 CFR 63.1191 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... becomes a major source. (2) A source that has an initial startup before the effective date of the standard. (3) A new or reconstructed source that has an initial startup after the effective date of the... major source or reconstruct a major source where the initial startup of the new or reconstructed source...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report must include... you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.11429 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart by July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup... provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart upon initial startup...

40 CFR 63.11429 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart by July 16, 2007. (b) If you startup... provisions in this subpart not later than July 16, 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with applicable provisions in this subpart upon initial startup...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.11408 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subpart not later than January 16, 2008. (b) If you startup a new affected source on or before July 16..., 2007. (c) If you startup a new affected source after July 16, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your affected source. Standards and...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 63.11154 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Applicability and Compliance Dates § 63.11154 What are my compliance dates? (a) If you startup a new affected... subpart not later than January 23, 2007. (b) If you startup a new affected source after January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of this subpart upon startup of your...

40 CFR 63.11161 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subpart by January 23, 2007. If you startup a new sintering machine at an existing affected source after... than 180 days after startup. (b) If you have a new affected source, you must achieve compliance with...) If you startup a new affected source on or before January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with...

40 CFR 63.2233 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... section, whichever is applicable. (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before September... initial startup of your affected source is after September 28, 2004, then you must comply with the... in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source. (b) If you have an existing affected...

40 CFR 63.11161 - What are my compliance dates?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subpart by January 23, 2007. If you startup a new sintering machine at an existing affected source after... than 180 days after startup. (b) If you have a new affected source, you must achieve compliance with...) If you startup a new affected source on or before January 23, 2007, you must achieve compliance with...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 61.153 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., 61.145, 61.146, and 61.148), which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date of this... days of the effective date. In the case of a new source that does not have an initial startup date... the initial startup date. Any owner or operator of an existing source shall provide the following...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

Start-Up Training in Mississippi: Program Development Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brooks, Kent; And Others

Due to recent industrial growth in Mississippi and the shortage of trained manpower in numerous occupations, start-up training programs have originated to provide a pretrained work force for new or expanding industry in the State. Each start-up training program is a joint effort between a new or expanding industry and a public educational…

40 CFR 61.153 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., 61.145, 61.146, and 61.148), which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date of this... days of the effective date. In the case of a new source that does not have an initial startup date... the initial startup date. Any owner or operator of an existing source shall provide the following...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 61.153 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., 61.145, 61.146, and 61.148), which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date of this... days of the effective date. In the case of a new source that does not have an initial startup date... the initial startup date. Any owner or operator of an existing source shall provide the following...

40 CFR 63.6 - Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that has an initial startup before the effective date of a relevant standard established under this..., the owner or operator of a new or reconstructed affected source that has an initial startup after the... the Act must comply with such standard upon startup of the source. (3) The owner or operator of an...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 63.6 - Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that has an initial startup before the effective date of a relevant standard established under this..., the owner or operator of a new or reconstructed affected source that has an initial startup after the... the Act must comply with such standard upon startup of the source. (3) The owner or operator of an...

40 CFR 61.33 - Stack sampling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date. (b) The Administrator shall be...

40 CFR 61.33 - Stack sampling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date. (b) The Administrator shall be...

Start-Up Costs in American Research Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Rizzo, Michael J.; Condie, Scott S.

This report briefly summarizes findings from the 2002 Cornell Higher Education Research Institute survey of start-up costs at the over 220 universities classified as research and doctoral universities by the Carnegie Foundation in 1994. It reports the mean start-up cost packages across institutions for new assistant professors and senior faculty,…

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 61.153 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., 61.145, 61.146, and 61.148), which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date of this... days of the effective date. In the case of a new source that does not have an initial startup date... the initial startup date. Any owner or operator of an existing source shall provide the following...

40 CFR 61.70 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be... Administrator. (2) In the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be submitted within 180 days of the initial startup date. (c) Unless...

40 CFR 63.6 - Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that has an initial startup before the effective date of a relevant standard established under this..., the owner or operator of a new or reconstructed affected source that has an initial startup after the... the Act must comply with such standard upon startup of the source. (3) The owner or operator of an...

40 CFR 61.70 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be... Administrator. (2) In the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be submitted within 180 days of the initial startup date. (c) Unless...

40 CFR 61.153 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., 61.145, 61.146, and 61.148), which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date of this... days of the effective date. In the case of a new source that does not have an initial startup date... the initial startup date. Any owner or operator of an existing source shall provide the following...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 61.70 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be... Administrator. (2) In the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be submitted within 180 days of the initial startup date. (c) Unless...

40 CFR 61.70 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be... Administrator. (2) In the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be submitted within 180 days of the initial startup date. (c) Unless...