Sample records for additional energy release

  1. Building an Efficient Model for Afterburn Energy Release

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alves, S; Kuhl, A; Najjar, F

    2012-02-03

    Many explosives will release additional energy after detonation as the detonation products mix with the ambient environment. This additional energy release, referred to as afterburn, is due to combustion of undetonated fuel with ambient oxygen. While the detonation energy release occurs on a time scale of microseconds, the afterburn energy release occurs on a time scale of milliseconds with a potentially varying energy release rate depending upon the local temperature and pressure. This afterburn energy release is not accounted for in typical equations of state, such as the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) model, used for modeling the detonation of explosives. Here wemore » construct a straightforward and efficient approach, based on experiments and theory, to account for this additional energy release in a way that is tractable for large finite element fluid-structure problems. Barometric calorimeter experiments have been executed in both nitrogen and air environments to investigate the characteristics of afterburn for C-4 and other materials. These tests, which provide pressure time histories, along with theoretical and analytical solutions provide an engineering basis for modeling afterburn with numerical hydrocodes. It is toward this end that we have constructed a modified JWL equation of state to account for afterburn effects on the response of structures to blast. The modified equation of state includes a two phase afterburn energy release to represent variations in the energy release rate and an afterburn energy cutoff to account for partial reaction of the undetonated fuel.« less

  2. Energy release in solar flares

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brown, John C.; Correia, Emilia; Farnik, Frantisek; Garcia, Howard; Henoux, Jean-Claude; La Rosa, Ted N.; Machado, Marcos E. (Compiler); Nakajima, Hiroshi; Priest, Eric R.

    1994-01-01

    Team 2 of the Ottawa Flares 22 Workshop dealt with observational and theoretical aspects of the characteristics and processes of energy release in flares. Main results summarized in this article stress the global character of the flaring phenomenon in active regions, the importance of discontinuities in magnetic connectivity, the role of field-aligned currents in free energy storage, and the fragmentation of energy release in time and space.

  3. Quantification of Energy Release in Composite Structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Minnetyan, Levon

    2003-01-01

    Energy release rate is usually suggested as a quantifier for assessing structural damage tolerance. Computational prediction of energy release rate is based on composite mechanics with micro-stress level damage assessment, finite element structural analysis and damage progression tracking modules. This report examines several issues associated with energy release rates in composite structures as follows: Chapter I demonstrates computational simulation of an adhesively bonded composite joint and validates the computed energy release rates by comparison with acoustic emission signals in the overall sense. Chapter II investigates the effect of crack plane orientation with respect to fiber direction on the energy release rates. Chapter III quantifies the effects of contiguous constraint plies on the residual stiffness of a 90 ply subjected to transverse tensile fractures. Chapter IV compares ICAN and ICAN/JAVA solutions of composites. Chapter V examines the effects of composite structural geometry and boundary conditions on damage progression characteristics.

  4. Quantification of Energy Release in Composite Structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Minnetyan, Levon; Chamis, Christos C. (Technical Monitor)

    2003-01-01

    Energy release rate is usually suggested as a quantifier for assessing structural damage tolerance. Computational prediction of energy release rate is based on composite mechanics with micro-stress level damage assessment, finite element structural analysis and damage progression tracking modules. This report examines several issues associated with energy release rates in composite structures as follows: Chapter I demonstrates computational simulation of an adhesively bonded composite joint and validates the computed energy release rates by comparison with acoustic emission signals in the overall sense. Chapter II investigates the effect of crack plane orientation with respect to fiber direction on the energy release rates. Chapter III quantifies the effects of contiguous constraint plies on the residual stiffness of a 90 deg ply subjected to transverse tensile fractures. Chapter IV compares ICAN and ICAN/JAVA solutions of composites. Chapter V examines the effects of composite structural geometry and boundary conditions on damage progression characteristics.

  5. Nuclear energy release from fragmentation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Cheng; Souza, S. R.; Tsang, M. B.; Zhang, Feng-Shou

    2016-08-01

    It is well known that binary fission occurs with positive energy gain. In this article we examine the energetics of splitting uranium and thorium isotopes into various numbers of fragments (from two to eight) with nearly equal size. We find that the energy released by splitting 230,232Th and 235,238U into three equal size fragments is largest. The statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) is applied to calculate the probability of different breakup channels for excited nuclei. By weighing the probability distributions of fragment multiplicity at different excitation energies, we find the peaks of energy release for 230,232Th and 235,238U are around 0.7-0.75 MeV/u at excitation energy between 1.2 and 2 MeV/u in the primary breakup process. Taking into account the secondary de-excitation processes of primary fragments with the GEMINI code, these energy peaks fall to about 0.45 MeV/u.

  6. Strain Rate Dependency of Fracture Toughness, Energy Release Rate and Geomechanical Attributes of Select Indian Shales

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mahanta, B.; Vishal, V.; Singh, T. N.; Ranjith, P.

    2016-12-01

    In addition to modern improved technology, it requires detailed understanding of rock fractures for the purpose of enhanced energy extraction through hydraulic fracturing of gas shales and geothermal energy systems. The understanding of rock fracture behavior, patterns and properties such as fracture toughness; energy release rate; strength and deformation attributes during fracturing hold significance. Environmental factors like temperature, pressure, humidity, water vapor and experimental condition such as strain rate influence the estimation of these properties. In this study, the effects of strain rates on fracture toughness, energy release rate as well as geomechanical properties like uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, failure strain, tensile strength, and brittleness index of gas shales were investigated. In addition to the rock-mechanical parameters, the fracture toughness and the energy release rates were measured for three different modes viz. mode I, mixed mode (I-II) and mode II. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to identify the mineral composition of the shale samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were conducted to have an insight about the strain rate effects on micro-structure of the rock. The results suggest that the fracture toughness; the energy release rate as well as other geomechanical properties are a function of strain rates. At high strain rates, the strength and stiffness of shale increases which in turn increases the fracture toughness and the energy release rate of shale that may be due to stress redistribution during grain fracturing. The fracture toughness and the strain energy release rates for all the modes (I/I-II/II) are comparable at lower strain rates, but they vary considerably at higher strain rates. In all the cases, mode I and mode II fracturing requires minimum and maximum applied energy, respectively. Mode I energy release rate is maximum, compared to the other modes.

  7. High probability neurotransmitter release sites represent an energy efficient design

    PubMed Central

    Lu, Zhongmin; Chouhan, Amit K.; Borycz, Jolanta A.; Lu, Zhiyuan; Rossano, Adam J; Brain, Keith L.; Zhou, You; Meinertzhagen, Ian A.; Macleod, Gregory T.

    2016-01-01

    Nerve terminals contain multiple sites specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Release usually occurs with low probability, a design thought to confer many advantages. High probability release sites are not uncommon but their advantages are not well understood. Here we test the hypothesis that high probability release sites represent an energy efficient design. We examined release site probabilities and energy efficiency at the terminals of two glutamatergic motor neurons synapsing on the same muscle fiber in Drosophila larvae. Through electrophysiological and ultrastructural measurements we calculated release site probabilities to differ considerably between terminals (0.33 vs. 0.11). We estimated the energy required to release and recycle glutamate from the same measurements. The energy required to remove calcium and sodium ions subsequent to nerve excitation was estimated through microfluorimetric and morphological measurements. We calculated energy efficiency as the number of glutamate molecules released per ATP molecule hydrolyzed, and high probability release site terminals were found to be more efficient (0.13 vs. 0.06). Our analytical model indicates that energy efficiency is optimal (~0.15) at high release site probabilities (~0.76). As limitations in energy supply constrain neural function, high probability release sites might ameliorate such constraints by demanding less energy. Energy efficiency can be viewed as one aspect of nerve terminal function, in balance with others, because high efficiency terminals depress significantly during episodic bursts of activity. PMID:27593375

  8. Floating-pulsatile release multiparticulate system for chronopharmacotherapy: effect of some hydrophobic additives on the buoyancy and release behavior of particles.

    PubMed

    Maghsoodi, M

    2014-01-01

    A blend of floating and pulsatile principles of a drug delivery system would have the advantage that a drug can be released in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract after a lag period, which is anticipated for chronotherapy. In this study, microballoons were prepared by an emulsion solvent diffusion technique using Eudragit S100, and hydrophobic additive (magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc) for time- and site-specific drug release of piroxicam. The effect of hydrophobic additives on the production yield of floating microparticles, buoyant ability for 8 h, release of drug in simulated GI fluids (simulated gastric fluid [SGF] and simulated intestinal fluid [SIF]), mean particle size, apparent particle density, encapsulation efficiency of drug and physical state of incorporated drug were studied. Both production yield and buoyancy of the microballoons were affected by additives in the following order: magnesium stearate, stearic acid>free-additive>talc. The observed difference in yield and the buoyancy of the microballoons could be attributed to the hydrophobic character of the additives and the shell rigidity of the obtained microballoons. Incorporation of hydrophobic additives in the microballoons was found to impart the desired release properties to the microballoons by providing a 2-phase release pattern with initial slow release (5-6%) through 8 h in SGF followed by rapid pulse release (>92%) in SIF through 15 min. The microballoons co-formulated with magnesium stearate or stearic acid, combining excellent buoyancy and suitable drug release pattern of piroxicam, could be useful in chronopharmacotherapy in arthritis. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  9. High-Energy Aspects of Small-Scale Energy Release at the Sun

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glesener, L.; Vievering, J. T.; Wright, P. J.; Hannah, I. G.; Panchapakesan, S. A.; Ryan, D.; Krucker, S.; Hudson, H. S.; Grefenstette, B.; White, S. M.; Smith, D. M.; Marsh, A.; Kuhar, M.; Christe, S.; Buitrago-Casas, J. C.; Musset, S.; Inglis, A. R.

    2017-12-01

    Large, powerful solar flares have been investigated in detail for decades, but it is only recently that high-energy aspects of small flares could be measured. These small-scale energy releases offer the opportunity to examine how particle acceleration characteristics scale down, which is critical for constraining energy transfer theories such as magnetic reconnection. Probing to minuscule flare sizes also brings us closer to envisioning the characteristics of the small "nanoflares" that may be responsible for heating the corona. A new window on small-scale flaring activity is now opening with the use of focusing hard X-ray instruments to observe the Sun. Hard X-rays are emitted by flare-accelerated electrons and strongly heated plasma, providing a relatively direct method of measuring energy release and particle acceleration properties. This work will show the first observations of sub-A class microflares using the FOXSI sounding rocket and the NuSTAR astrophysics spacecraft, both of which directly focus hard X-rays but have limited observing time on the Sun. These instruments serve as precursors to a spacecraft version of FOXSI, which will explore energy release across the entire range of flaring activity.

  10. Method of achieving the controlled release of thermonuclear energy

    DOEpatents

    Brueckner, Keith A.

    1986-01-01

    A method of achieving the controlled release of thermonuclear energy by illuminating a minute, solid density, hollow shell of a mixture of material such as deuterium and tritium with a high intensity, uniformly converging laser wave to effect an extremely rapid build-up of energy in inwardly traveling shock waves to implode the shell creating thermonuclear conditions causing a reaction of deuterons and tritons and a resultant high energy thermonuclear burn. Utilizing the resulting energy as a thermal source and to breed tritium or plutonium. The invention also contemplates a laser source wherein the flux level is increased with time to reduce the initial shock heating of fuel and provide maximum compression after implosion; and, in addition, computations and an equation are provided to enable the selection of a design having a high degree of stability and a dependable fusion performance by establishing a proper relationship between the laser energy input and the size and character of the selected material for the fusion capsule.

  11. Highlights of the study of energy release in flares

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rust, D. M.; Batchelor, D. A.

    1987-01-01

    From February 26 to March 1, 1979, 32 solar flare investigators attended a workshop at Cambridge, MA to define objectives and devise a scientific program for the study of energy release in flares (SERF) during the coming solar maximum. Herein, some major results of the ensuing five-year effort to observe and understand the flare energy release process and its effects (energetic particle production, coronal and chromospheric heating, electromagnetic radiations, and mass motions and ejections) are reviewed. The central issue - what processes store and release the energy liberated in flares - remains unresolved except in the most general terms (e.g., it is generally agreed that the energy is stored in sheared or stressed magnetic fields and released by field annihilation during some MHD instability). Resolving that issue is still one of the most important goals in solar physics, but the advances during the SERF program have brought it closer.

  12. Microelectromechanical high-density energy storage/rapid release system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rodgers, M. Steven; Allen, James J.; Meeks, Kent D.; Jensen, Brian D.; Miller, Samuel L.

    1999-08-01

    One highly desirable characteristic of electrostatically driven microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is that they consume very little power. The corresponding drawback is that the force they produce may be inadequate for many applications. It has previously been demonstrated that gear reduction units or microtransmissions can substantially increase the torque generated by microengines. Operating speed, however, is also reduced by the transmission gear ratio. Some applications require both high speed and high force. If this output is only required for a limited period of time, then energy could be stored in a mechanical system and rapidly released upon demand. We have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a high-density energy storage/rapid release system that accomplishes this task. Built using a 5-level surface micromachining technology, the assembly closely resembles a medieval crossbow. Energy releases on the order of tens of nanojoules have already been demonstrated, and significantly higher energy systems are under development.

  13. Highly fluorescent carbon dots for visible sensing of doxorubicin release based on efficient nanosurface energy transfer.

    PubMed

    Wang, Beibei; Wang, Shujun; Wang, Yanfang; Lv, Yan; Wu, Hao; Ma, Xiaojun; Tan, Mingqian

    2016-01-01

    To prepare fluorescent carbon dots for loading cationic anticancer drug through donor-quenched nanosurface energy transfer in visible sensing of drug release. Highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach from citric acid and o-phenylenediamine. The obtained CDs showed a high quantum yield of 46 % and exhibited good cytocompatibility even at 1 mg/ml. The cationic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) can be loaded onto the negatively charged CDs through electrostatic interactions. Additionally, the fluorescent CDs feature reversible donor-quenched mode nanosurface energy transfer. When loading the energy receptor DOX, the donor CDs' fluorescence was switched "off", while it turned "on" again after DOX release from the surface through endocytic uptake. Most DOX molecules were released from the CDs after 6 h incubation and entered cell nuclear region after 8 h, suggesting the drug delivery system may have potential for visible sensing in drug release.

  14. Energy Release in Solar Flares,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-01

    Plasma Research, Stanford University P. Kaufmanu CRAA/CNPq -Conseiho lacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Slo Paulo, SP, Brasil D.F...three phases of energy release in solar flares (Sturrock, 1980). However, a recent article by Feldman e a.. (1982) points to a significant

  15. The main beam correction term in kinetic energy release from metastable peaks.

    PubMed

    Petersen, Allan Christian

    2017-12-01

    The correction term for the precursor ion signal width in determination of kinetic energy release is reviewed, and the correction term is formally derived. The derived correction term differs from the traditionally applied term. An experimental finding substantiates the inaccuracy in the latter. The application of the "T-value" to study kinetic energy release is found preferable to kinetic energy release distributions when the metastable peaks are slim and simple Gaussians. For electronically predissociated systems, a "borderline zero" kinetic energy release can be directly interpreted in reaction dynamics with strong curvature in the reaction coordinate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. A Microelectromechanical High-Density Energy Storage/Rapid Release System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rodgers, M. Steven; Allen, Jim J.; Meeks, Kent D.

    1999-07-21

    One highly desirable characteristic of electrostatically driven microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is that they consume very little power. The corresponding drawback is that the force they produce may be inadequate for many applications. It has previously been demonstrated that gear reduction units or microtransmissions can substantially increase the torque generated by microengines. Operating speed, however, is also reduced by the transmission gear ratio. Some applications require both high speed and high force. If this output is only required for a limited period of time, then energy could be stored in a mechanical system and rapidly released upon demand. We have designed,more » fabricated, and demonstrated a high-density energy storage/rapid release system that accomplishes this task. Built using a 5-level surface micromachining technology, the assembly closely resembles a medieval crossbow. Energy releases on the order of tens of nanojoules have already been demonstrated, and significantly higher energy systems are under development.« less

  17. Dark Energy Survey releases early data | News

    Science.gov Websites

    released to the public. Astronomers and astronomy buffs can download the data from the website for the of all the images taken for the Dark Energy Survey. This is good news for the astronomy community, as Optical Astronomy Observatory's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The Dark Energy Survey

  18. Dike propagation energy balance from deformation modeling and seismic release

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonaccorso, Alessandro; Aoki, Yosuke; Rivalta, Eleonora

    2017-06-01

    Magma is transported in the crust mainly by dike intrusions. In volcanic areas, dikes can ascend toward the free surface and also move by lateral propagation, eventually feeding flank eruptions. Understanding dike mechanics is a key to forecasting the expected propagation and associated hazard. Several studies have been conducted on dike mechanisms and propagation; however, a less in-depth investigated aspect is the relation between measured dike-induced deformation and the seismicity released during its propagation. We individuated a simple x that can be used as a proxy of the expected mechanical energy released by a propagating dike and is related to its average thickness. For several intrusions around the world (Afar, Japan, and Mount Etna), we correlate such mechanical energy to the seismic moment released by the induced earthquakes. We obtain an empirical law that quantifies the expected seismic energy released before arrest. The proposed approach may be helpful to predict the total seismic moment that will be released by an intrusion and thus to control the energy status during its propagation and the time of dike arrest.Plain Language SummaryDike propagation is a dominant mechanism for magma ascent, transport, and eruptions. Besides being an intriguing physical process, it has critical hazard implications. After the magma intrusion starts, it is difficult to predict when and where a specific horizontal dike is going to halt and what its final length will be. In our study, we singled an equation that can be used as a proxy of the expected mechanical <span class="hlt">energy</span> to be <span class="hlt">released</span> by the opening dike. We related this expected <span class="hlt">energy</span> to the seismic moment of several eruptive intrusions around the world (Afar region, Japanese volcanoes, and Mount Etna). The proposed novel approach is helpful to estimate the total seismic moment to be <span class="hlt">released</span>, therefore allowing potentially predicting when the dike will end its propagation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378494','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378494"><span><span class="hlt">Addition</span> of sucralose enhances the <span class="hlt">release</span> of satiety hormones in combination with pea protein.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Geraedts, Maartje C P; Troost, Freddy J; Saris, Wim H M</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Exposing the intestine to proteins or tastants, particularly sweet, affects satiety hormone <span class="hlt">release</span>. There are indications that each sweetener has different effects on this <span class="hlt">release</span>, and that combining sweeteners with other nutrients might exert synergistic effects on hormone <span class="hlt">release</span>. STC-1 cells were incubated with acesulfame-K, aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. After a 2-h incubation period, cholecystokinin(CCK) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured. Using Ussing chamber technology, the mucosal side of human duodenal biopsies was exposed to sucrose, sucralose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. CCK and GLP-1 levels were measured in basolateral secretions. In STC-1 cells, exposure to aspartame, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with sucralose increased CCK levels, whereas GLP-1 levels increased after <span class="hlt">addition</span> of all test products. <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of sucrose and sucralose to human duodenal biopsies did not affect CCK and GLP-1 <span class="hlt">release</span>; <span class="hlt">addition</span> of pea stimulated CCK and GLP-1 secretion. Combining pea with sucrose and sucralose induced even higher levels of CCK and GLP-1. Synchronous <span class="hlt">addition</span> of pea and sucralose to enteroendocrine cells induced higher levels of CCK and GLP-1 than <span class="hlt">addition</span> of each compound alone. This study shows that combinations of dietary compounds synergize to enhance satiety hormone <span class="hlt">release</span>. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/carbon_dioxide.html','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/carbon_dioxide.html"><span>Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Biomass <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Combustion (<span class="hlt">released</span> in AEO2010)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce <span class="hlt">energy</span> are excluded from the <span class="hlt">energy</span>-related CO2 emissions reported in Annual <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Outlook 2010. According to current international convention, carbon <span class="hlt">released</span> through biomass combustion is excluded from reported <span class="hlt">energy</span>-related emissions. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time]. However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass <span class="hlt">energy</span> may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive <span class="hlt">release</span> of carbon rather than the zero net <span class="hlt">release</span> assumed by its exclusion from reported <span class="hlt">energy</span>-related emissions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li class="active"><span>1</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_1 --> <div id="page_2" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="21"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679462-simulation-radiation-energy-release-air-showers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679462-simulation-radiation-energy-release-air-showers"><span>Simulation of radiation <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in air showers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Glaser, Christian; Erdmann, Martin; Hörandel, Jörg R.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>A simulation study of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by extensive air showers in the form of MHz radiation is performed using the CoREAS simulation code. We develop an efficient method to extract this radiation <span class="hlt">energy</span> from air-shower simulations. We determine the longitudinal profile of the radiation <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and compare it to the longitudinal profile of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposit by the electromagnetic component of the air shower. We find that the radiation <span class="hlt">energy</span> corrected for the geometric dependence of the geomagnetic emission scales quadratically with the <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the electromagnetic component of the air shower with a second-order dependence on themore » atmospheric density at the position of the maximum shower development X {sub max}. In a measurement where X {sub max} is not accessible, this second order dependence can be approximated using the zenith angle of the incoming direction of the air shower with only a minor loss in accuracy. Our method results in an intrinsic uncertainty of 4% in the determination of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the electromagnetic air-shower component, which is well below current experimental uncertainties.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRA..123.2513Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRA..123.2513Z"><span>Coronal Flux Rope Catastrophe Associated With Internal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhuang, Bin; Hu, Youqiu; Wang, Yuming; Zhang, Quanhao; Liu, Rui; Gou, Tingyu; Shen, Chenglong</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> during the catastrophe was predominantly studied by the previous catastrophe works since it is believed to be the main <span class="hlt">energy</span> supplier for the solar eruptions. However, the contribution of other types of <span class="hlt">energies</span> during the catastrophe cannot be neglected. This paper studies the catastrophe of the coronal flux rope system in the solar wind background, with emphasis on the transformation of different types of <span class="hlt">energies</span> during the catastrophe. The coronal flux rope is characterized by its axial and poloidal magnetic fluxes and total mass. It is shown that a catastrophe can be triggered by not only an increase but also a decrease of the axial magnetic flux. Moreover, the internal <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the rope is found to be <span class="hlt">released</span> during the catastrophe so as to provide <span class="hlt">energy</span> for the upward eruption of the flux rope. As far as the magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> is concerned, it provides only part of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>, or even increases during the catastrophe, so the internal <span class="hlt">energy</span> may act as the dominant or even the unique <span class="hlt">energy</span> supplier during the catastrophe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol1-sec40-331.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol1-sec40-331.pdf"><span>49 CFR 40.331 - To what <span class="hlt">additional</span> parties must employers and service agents <span class="hlt">release</span> information?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... service agents <span class="hlt">release</span> information? 40.331 Section 40.331 Transportation Office of the Secretary of... <span class="hlt">Release</span> of Information § 40.331 To what <span class="hlt">additional</span> parties must employers and service agents <span class="hlt">release</span> information? As an employer or service agent you must <span class="hlt">release</span> information under the following circumstances...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10595E..10K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10595E..10K"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> for the actuation and deployment of muscle-inspired asymmetrically multistable chains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kidambi, Narayanan; Zheng, Yisheng; Harne, Ryan L.; Wang, K. W.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Animal locomotion and movement requires <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and the elastic potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> stored in skeletal muscle can facilitate movements that are otherwise energetically infeasible. A significant proportion of this <span class="hlt">energy</span> is captured and stored in the micro- and nano-scale constituents of muscle near the point of instability between asymmetric equilibrium states. This <span class="hlt">energy</span> may be quickly <span class="hlt">released</span> to enable explosive macroscopic motions or to reduce the metabolic cost of cyclic movements. Inspired by these behaviors, this research explores modular metastructures of bistable element chains and develops methods to <span class="hlt">release</span> the <span class="hlt">energy</span> stored in higher-potential system configurations. Quasi-static investigations reveal the role of state-transition pathways on the overall efficiency of the deployment event. It is shown that sequential, local <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> from the bistable elements is more efficient than concurrent <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> achieved by applying a force at the free end of the structure. From dynamic analyses and experiments, it is shown that that the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> from one bistable element can be used to activate the <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> from subsequent links, reducing the actuation <span class="hlt">energy</span> required to extend or deploy the chain below that required for quasi-static deployment. This phenomenon is influenced by the level of asymmetry in the bistable constituents and the location of the impulse that initiates the deployment of the structure. The results provide insight into the design and behavior of asymmetrically multistable chains that can leverage stored potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> to enable efficient and effective system deployment and length change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..DFD.E6001I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..DFD.E6001I"><span>Model Scramjet Inlet Unstart Induced by Mass <span class="hlt">Addition</span> and Heat <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Im, Seong-Kyun; Baccarella, Damiano; McGann, Brendan; Liu, Qili; Wermer, Lydiy; Do, Hyungrok</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The inlet unstart phenomena in a model scramjet are investigated at an arc-heated hypersonic wind tunnel. The unstart induced by nitrogen or ethylene jets at low or high enthalpy Mach 4.5 freestream flow conditions are compared. The jet injection pressurizes the downstream flow by mass <span class="hlt">addition</span> and flow blockage. In case of the ethylene jet injection, heat <span class="hlt">release</span> from combustion increases the backpressure further. Time-resolved schlieren imaging is performed at the jet and the lip of the model inlet to visualize the flow features during unstart. High frequency pressure measurements are used to provide information on pressure fluctuation at the scramjet wall. In both of the mass and heat <span class="hlt">release</span> driven unstart cases, it is observed that there are similar flow transient and quasi-steady behaviors of unstart shockwave system during the unstart processes. Combustion driven unstart induces severe oscillatory flow motions of the jet and the unstart shock at the lip of the scramjet inlet after the completion of the unstart process, while the unstarted flow induced by solely mass <span class="hlt">addition</span> remains relatively steady. The discrepancies between the processes of mass and heat <span class="hlt">release</span> driven unstart are explained by flow choking mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12044564','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12044564"><span>Insulin-loaded biodegradable PLGA microcapsules: initial burst <span class="hlt">release</span> controlled by hydrophilic <span class="hlt">additives</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yamaguchi, Y; Takenaga, M; Kitagawa, A; Ogawa, Y; Mizushima, Y; Igarashi, R</p> <p>2002-06-17</p> <p>We investigated the controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of human insulin at an initial stage from poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA, M(w) 6600) spherical matrices. PLGA microcapsules were prepared by the novel solvent evaporation multiple emulsion process. When the crystalline insulin was dispersed in dichloromethane as solid-in-oil (S/O) dispersion, it was found that most of insulin molecules were inlaid on the surface of PLGA microcapsules. Consequently, insulin-loaded PLGA microcapsules exhibited marked rapid <span class="hlt">release</span> of insulin within several hours in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. On the other hand, the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of glycerol or water in the primary dichloromethane dispersion results in drastically suppressed initial <span class="hlt">release</span>. It was found by SEM observation that water- or glycerol-in-oil (W/O or G/O) type mini-emulsion droplets with a mean diameter of 300-500 nm were formed in this primary solution. This phenomenon can be theoretically presumed to occur because insulin and PLGA molecules, having amphiphilic properties, converge on the interface between the hydrophilic <span class="hlt">additive</span> and dichloromethane. Hence, insulin molecules heterogeneously located in the inside of PLGA microcapsules, not on the surface, would be gradually <span class="hlt">released</span> with PLGA hydrolytic decomposition. As an <span class="hlt">additional</span> effect of glycerol, the initial burst was further suppressed due to the decrease of the glass transition temperature of PLGA from 42.5 to 36.7 degrees C. Since the annealing of PLGA molecules took place at around 37 degrees C, the porous structure of microspheres immediately disappeared after immersion in PBS or subcutaneous administration. The insulin diffusion through the water-filled pores would be effectively prevented. The strict controlled initial <span class="hlt">release</span> of insulin from the PLGA microsphere suggested the possibility of utilization in insulin therapy for type I diabetic patients who need construction of a basal insulin profile.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3087389','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3087389"><span>Exploring the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of binaural and monaural masking <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hall, Joseph W.; Buss, Emily; Grose, John H.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Experiment 1 examined comodulation masking <span class="hlt">release</span> (CMR) for a 700-Hz tonal signal under conditions of NoSo (noise and signal interaurally in phase) and NoSπ (noise in phase, signal out of phase) stimulation. The baseline stimulus for CMR was either a single 24-Hz wide narrowband noise centered on the signal frequency [on-signal band (OSB)] or the OSB plus, a set of flanking noise bands having random envelopes. Masking noise was either gated or continuous. The CMR, defined with respect to either the OSB or the random noise baseline, was smaller for NoSπ than NoSo stimulation, particularly when the masker was continuous. Experiment 2 examined whether the same pattern of results would be obtained for a 2000-Hz signal frequency; the number of flanking bands was also manipulated (two versus eight). Results again showed smaller CMR for NoSπ than NoSo stimulation for both continuous and gated masking noise. The CMR was larger with eight than with two flanking bands, and this difference was greater for NoSo than NoSπ. The results of this study are compatible with serial mechanisms of binaural and monaural masking <span class="hlt">release</span>, but they indicate that the combined masking <span class="hlt">release</span> (binaural masking-level difference and CMR) falls short of being <span class="hlt">additive</span>. PMID:21476663</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28521230','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28521230"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> consumption and water-soluble protein <span class="hlt">release</span> by cell wall disruption of Nannochloropsis gaditana.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Safi, C; Cabas Rodriguez, L; Mulder, W J; Engelen-Smit, N; Spekking, W; van den Broek, L A M; Olivieri, G; Sijtsma, L</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Several cell disruption methods were tested on Nannochloropsis gaditana, to evaluate their efficiency in terms of cell disintegration, <span class="hlt">energy</span> input and <span class="hlt">release</span> of soluble proteins. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and bead milling were the most efficient with >95% cell disintegration, ±50% (w/w) <span class="hlt">release</span> of total proteins and low <span class="hlt">energy</span> input (<0.5kWh.kg -1 biomass ). Enzymatic treatment required low <span class="hlt">energy</span> input (<0.34kWh.kg -1 biomass ), but it only <span class="hlt">released</span> ±35% protein (w/w). Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) was neither <span class="hlt">energy</span>-efficient (10.44kWh.kg -1 biomass ) nor successful for protein <span class="hlt">release</span> (only 10% proteins w/w) and cell disintegration. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of proteins after applying HPH and bead milling always required less intensive operating conditions for cell disruption. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> cost per unit of <span class="hlt">released</span> protein ranged from 0.15-0.25 €.kg Protein -1 in case of HPH, and up to 2-20 €.kg Protein -1 in case of PEF. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf"><span>24 CFR 203.343 - Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security. 203.343 Section 203.343 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf"><span>24 CFR 203.343 - Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security. 203.343 Section 203.343 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf"><span>24 CFR 203.343 - Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security. 203.343 Section 203.343 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf"><span>24 CFR 203.343 - Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security. 203.343 Section 203.343 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title24-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title24-vol2-sec203-343.pdf"><span>24 CFR 203.343 - Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Partial <span class="hlt">release</span>, <span class="hlt">addition</span> or substitution of security. 203.343 Section 203.343 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402583-miniature-bulge-test-energy-release-rate-hiped-aluminum-aluminum-interfacial-fracture','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402583-miniature-bulge-test-energy-release-rate-hiped-aluminum-aluminum-interfacial-fracture"><span>Miniature bulge test and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate in HIPed aluminum/aluminum interfacial fracture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Liu, C.; Lovato, M. L.; Clarke, K. D.</p> <p></p> <p>We summarize the development of a technique of using miniature bulge test combined with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) for measuring <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate or fracture toughness of bimaterial interface of thin metal foils. Furthermore, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate associated with the HIPed aluminum/aluminum interfacial delamination is determined experimentally using the proposed technique. Detailed discussions of the schemes of preparing and conducting the bulge test, and computing various quantities required for the determination of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1402583-miniature-bulge-test-energy-release-rate-hiped-aluminum-aluminum-interfacial-fracture','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1402583-miniature-bulge-test-energy-release-rate-hiped-aluminum-aluminum-interfacial-fracture"><span>Miniature bulge test and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate in HIPed aluminum/aluminum interfacial fracture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Liu, C.; Lovato, M. L.; Clarke, K. D.; ...</p> <p>2017-10-13</p> <p>We summarize the development of a technique of using miniature bulge test combined with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) for measuring <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate or fracture toughness of bimaterial interface of thin metal foils. Furthermore, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate associated with the HIPed aluminum/aluminum interfacial delamination is determined experimentally using the proposed technique. Detailed discussions of the schemes of preparing and conducting the bulge test, and computing various quantities required for the determination of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870052744&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870052744&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy"><span>Observed form and action of the magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in flares</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Machado, Marcos E.; Moore, Ronald L.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The observable spatio-temporal characteristics of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in flares and their association with the magnetic environment and tracers of field dynamics are reviewed. The observations indicate that impulsive phase manifestations, like particle acceleration, may be related to the formation of neutral sheets at the interface between interacting bipoles, but that the site for the bulk of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is within closed loops rather than at the interaction site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25871846','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25871846"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> effects on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for synaptic vesicle fusion cause supralinear effects on the vesicle fusion rate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schotten, Sebastiaan; Meijer, Marieke; Walter, Alexander Matthias; Huson, Vincent; Mamer, Lauren; Kalogreades, Lawrence; ter Veer, Mirelle; Ruiter, Marvin; Brose, Nils; Rosenmund, Christian; Sørensen, Jakob Balslev; Verhage, Matthijs; Cornelisse, Lennart Niels</p> <p>2015-04-14</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> required to fuse synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane ('activation <span class="hlt">energy</span>') is considered a major determinant in synaptic efficacy. From reaction rate theory, we predict that a class of modulations exists, which utilize linear modulation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for fusion to achieve supralinear effects on the fusion rate. To test this prediction experimentally, we developed a method to assess the number of <span class="hlt">releasable</span> vesicles, rate constants for vesicle priming, unpriming, and fusion, and the activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> for fusion by fitting a vesicle state model to synaptic responses induced by hypertonic solutions. We show that complexinI/II deficiency or phorbol ester stimulation indeed affects responses to hypertonic solution in a supralinear manner. An <span class="hlt">additive</span> vs multiplicative relationship between activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> and fusion rate provides a novel explanation for previously observed non-linear effects of genetic/pharmacological perturbations on synaptic transmission and a novel interpretation of the cooperative nature of Ca(2+)-dependent <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21476663','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21476663"><span>Exploring the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of binaural and monaural masking <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hall, Joseph W; Buss, Emily; Grose, John H</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Experiment 1 examined comodulation masking <span class="hlt">release</span> (CMR) for a 700-Hz tonal signal under conditions of N(o)S(o) (noise and signal interaurally in phase) and N(o)S(π) (noise in phase, signal out of phase) stimulation. The baseline stimulus for CMR was either a single 24-Hz wide narrowband noise centered on the signal frequency [on-signal band (OSB)] or the OSB plus, a set of flanking noise bands having random envelopes. Masking noise was either gated or continuous. The CMR, defined with respect to either the OSB or the random noise baseline, was smaller for N(o)S(π) than N(o)S(o) stimulation, particularly when the masker was continuous. Experiment 2 examined whether the same pattern of results would be obtained for a 2000-Hz signal frequency; the number of flanking bands was also manipulated (two versus eight). Results again showed smaller CMR for N(o)S(π) than N(o)S(o) stimulation for both continuous and gated masking noise. The CMR was larger with eight than with two flanking bands, and this difference was greater for N(o)S(o) than N(o)S(π). The results of this study are compatible with serial mechanisms of binaural and monaural masking <span class="hlt">release</span>, but they indicate that the combined masking <span class="hlt">release</span> (binaural masking-level difference and CMR) falls short of being <span class="hlt">additive</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256092','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256092"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing Integrated <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Demonstration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jackson, Roderick; Lee, Brian; Love, Lonnie</p> <p>2016-02-05</p> <p>Meet AMIE - the <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing Integrated <span class="hlt">Energy</span> demonstration project. Led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and many industry partners, the AMIE project changes the way we think about generating, storing, and using electrical power. AMIE uses an integrated <span class="hlt">energy</span> system that shares <span class="hlt">energy</span> between a building and a vehicle. And, utilizing advanced manufacturing and rapid innovation, it only took one year from concept to launch.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.osti.gov/sciencecinema/biblio/1256092','SCIGOVIMAGE-SCICINEMA'); return false;" href="http://www.osti.gov/sciencecinema/biblio/1256092"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing Integrated <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Demonstration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/sciencecinema/">ScienceCinema</a></p> <p>Jackson, Roderick; Lee, Brian; Love, Lonnie; Mabe, Gavin; Keller, Martin; Curran, Scott; Chinthavali, Madhu; Green, Johney; Sawyer, Karma; Enquist, Phil</p> <p>2018-01-16</p> <p>Meet AMIE - the <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing Integrated <span class="hlt">Energy</span> demonstration project. Led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and many industry partners, the AMIE project changes the way we think about generating, storing, and using electrical power. AMIE uses an integrated <span class="hlt">energy</span> system that shares <span class="hlt">energy</span> between a building and a vehicle. And, utilizing advanced manufacturing and rapid innovation, it only took one year from concept to launch.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5644240','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5644240"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhakeyev, Adilet; Wang, Panfeng; Shu, Wenmiao; Wang, Huizhi</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The global <span class="hlt">energy</span> infrastructure is undergoing a drastic transformation towards renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span>, posing huge challenges on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials research, development and manufacturing. <span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing has shown its promise to change the way how future <span class="hlt">energy</span> system can be designed and delivered. It offers capability in manufacturing complex 3D structures, with near‐complete design freedom and high sustainability due to minimal use of materials and toxic chemicals. Recent literatures have reported that <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing could unlock the evolution of <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials and chemistries with unprecedented performance in the way that could never be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. This comprehensive review will fill the gap in communicating on recent breakthroughs in <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing for <span class="hlt">energy</span> material and device applications. It will underpin the discoveries on what 3D functional <span class="hlt">energy</span> structures can be created without design constraints, which bespoke <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials could be <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured with customised solutions, and how the <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured devices could be integrated into <span class="hlt">energy</span> systems. This review will also highlight emerging and important applications in <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing, including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen, solar cell as well as carbon capture and storage. PMID:29051861</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051861','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051861"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhakeyev, Adilet; Wang, Panfeng; Zhang, Li; Shu, Wenmiao; Wang, Huizhi; Xuan, Jin</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The global <span class="hlt">energy</span> infrastructure is undergoing a drastic transformation towards renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span>, posing huge challenges on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials research, development and manufacturing. <span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing has shown its promise to change the way how future <span class="hlt">energy</span> system can be designed and delivered. It offers capability in manufacturing complex 3D structures, with near-complete design freedom and high sustainability due to minimal use of materials and toxic chemicals. Recent literatures have reported that <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing could unlock the evolution of <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials and chemistries with unprecedented performance in the way that could never be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. This comprehensive review will fill the gap in communicating on recent breakthroughs in <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing for <span class="hlt">energy</span> material and device applications. It will underpin the discoveries on what 3D functional <span class="hlt">energy</span> structures can be created without design constraints, which bespoke <span class="hlt">energy</span> materials could be <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured with customised solutions, and how the <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured devices could be integrated into <span class="hlt">energy</span> systems. This review will also highlight emerging and important applications in <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing, including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen, solar cell as well as carbon capture and storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1226128','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1226128"><span>Fission Fragment Mass Distributions and Total Kinetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> of 235-Uranium and 238-Uranium in Neutron-Induced Fission at Intermediate and Fast Neutron <span class="hlt">Energies</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Duke, Dana Lynn</p> <p>2015-11-12</p> <p>This Ph.D. dissertation describes a measurement of the change in mass distributions and average total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TKE) <span class="hlt">release</span> with increasing incident neutron <span class="hlt">energy</span> for fission of 235U and 238U. Although fission was discovered over seventy-five years ago, open questions remain about the physics of the fission process. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the incident neutron, En, changes the division of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the resulting fission fragments, however, the details of <span class="hlt">energy</span> partitioning remain ambiguous because the nucleus is a many-body quantum system. Creating a full theoretical model is difficult and experimental data to validate existing models are lacking. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> fissionmore » measurements will lead to higher-quality models of the fission process, therefore improving applications such as the development of next-generation nuclear reactors and defense. This work also paves the way for precision experiments such as the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for fission cross section measurements and the Spectrometer for Ion Determination in Fission (SPIDER) for precision mass yields.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850022925','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850022925"><span>Residual thermal and moisture influences on the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of edge delamination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Obrien, T. K.; Raju, I. S.; Garber, D. P.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>A laminated plate theory analysis is developed to calculate the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate associated with edge delamination growth in a composite laminate. The analysis includes the contribution of residual thermal and moisture stresses to the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span>. The strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, G, increased when residual thermal effects were combined with applied mechanical strains, but then decreased when increasing moisture content was included. A quasi-three-dimensional finite element analysis indicated identical trends and demonstrated these same trends for the individual strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate components, G sub I and G sub II, associated with interlaminar tension and shear. An experimental study indicated that for T300/5208 graphite-epoxy composites, the inclusion of residual thermal and moisture stresses did not significantly alter the calculation of interlaminar fracture toughness from strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of edge delamination data taken at room temperature, ambient conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418771-total-kinetic-energy-release-fast-neutron-induced-fission','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418771-total-kinetic-energy-release-fast-neutron-induced-fission"><span>The total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the fast neutron-induced fission of 232Th</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>King, Jonathan; Yanez, Ricardo; Loveland, Walter</p> <p></p> <p>Here, the post-emission total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> (TKE) in the neutron-induced fission of 232Th was measured (using white spectrum neutrons from LANSCE) for neutron <span class="hlt">energies</span> from E n=3 to 91MeV. In this <span class="hlt">energy</span> range the average post-neutron total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> decreases from 162.3±0.3 at E n=3 MeV to 154.9±0.3 MeV at E n=91 MeV. Analysis of the fission mass distributions indicates that the decrease in TKE with increasing neutron <span class="hlt">energy</span> is a combination of increasing yields of symmetric fission (which has a lower associated TKE) and a decrease in the TKE <span class="hlt">release</span> in asymmetric fission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418771-total-kinetic-energy-release-fast-neutron-induced-fission','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418771-total-kinetic-energy-release-fast-neutron-induced-fission"><span>The total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the fast neutron-induced fission of 232Th</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>King, Jonathan; Yanez, Ricardo; Loveland, Walter; ...</p> <p>2017-12-15</p> <p>Here, the post-emission total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> (TKE) in the neutron-induced fission of 232Th was measured (using white spectrum neutrons from LANSCE) for neutron <span class="hlt">energies</span> from E n=3 to 91MeV. In this <span class="hlt">energy</span> range the average post-neutron total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> decreases from 162.3±0.3 at E n=3 MeV to 154.9±0.3 MeV at E n=91 MeV. Analysis of the fission mass distributions indicates that the decrease in TKE with increasing neutron <span class="hlt">energy</span> is a combination of increasing yields of symmetric fission (which has a lower associated TKE) and a decrease in the TKE <span class="hlt">release</span> in asymmetric fission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..SHK.Q7003Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..SHK.Q7003Z"><span>Post-Detonation <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> from TNT-Aluminum Explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Fan; Anderson, John; Yoshinaka, Akio</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>Detonation and post-detonation <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> from TNT and TNT-aluminum composite have been experimentally studied in an air-filled chamber, 26 m^3 in volume and 3 m in diameter. While TNT has a high oxygen deficiency, experiments with 1.1 kg to 4 kg charges yield <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releases</span> reaching only 86% of theoretical equilibrium values, possibly due to the non-uniform mixing between the detonation products and air. In order to improve mixing and further increase afterburning <span class="hlt">energy</span>, large mass fractions of large aluminum particles are combined with TNT. The effect of particle distribution is also investigated in two composite configurations, whereby the aluminum particles are uniformly mixed in cast TNT or arranged in a shell surrounding a TNT cylinder. It is shown that the TNT-aluminum composite outperforms pure TNT, while improved performance is achieved for the shell configuration due to enhanced spatial mixing of hot fuels with oxidizing gases. Comparisons with the equilibrium theory and a liquid-based aluminized composite explosive (with an oxygen deficiency less than that of TNT) are conducted to further explore the mixing and afterburning mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......113D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......113D"><span>Understanding the Relationships Between Architecture, Chemistry, and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> of Energetic Nanocomposites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>DeLisio, Jeffery Brandon</p> <p></p> <p>Energetic nanocomposites are a class of reactive material that incorporate nanosized materials or features in order to enhance reaction kinetics and <span class="hlt">energy</span> densities. Typically, these systems employ metal nanoparticles as the fuel source and have demonstrated reactivities orders of magnitude larger than more traditionally used micron-sized metal fuels. One drawback of using nanosized metals is that the nascent oxide shell comprises a significant weight percent as the particle size decreases. This shell also complicates the understanding of oxidation mechanisms of nanosized metal fuels. In this dissertation, I apply a two-fold approach to understanding the relationships between architecture, chemistry, and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of energetic nanocomposites by 1) investigating alternative metal fuels to develop a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanisms of energetic nanocomposites and 2) creating unique microstructures to tailor macroscopic properties allowing for customizability of energetic performance. In order to accurately study these systems, new analytical techniques capable of high heating rate analysis were developed. The oxidation mechanisms of tantalum nanoparticles was first probed using high heating rate TEM and Temperature-Jump Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (T-Jump TOFMS) and shell crystallization was found to plan an important role in the mechanism. An air-sensitive sample holder was developed and employed to analyze the decomposition and oxidation of molecular aluminum compounds, which theoretically can achieve similar <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates to monomolecular explosives in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to much higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> densities. In order to obtain simultaneous thermal and speciation data at high heating rates, a nanocalorimeter was integrated into the TOFMS system and measurements were performed on Al/CuO nanolaminates to probe the effect of bilayer thickness on <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. An electrospray based approach to creating energetic nanocomposites with tunable</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990078564','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990078564"><span>A Method for Calculating Strain <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rates in Preliminary Design of Composite Skin/Stringer Debonding Under Multi-Axial Loading</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Krueger, Ronald; Minguet, Pierre J.; OBrien, T. Kevin</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Three simple procedures were developed to determine strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates, G, in composite skin/stringer specimens for various combinations of unaxial and biaxial (in-plane/out-of-plane) loading conditions. These procedures may be used for parametric design studies in such a way that only a few finite element computations will be necessary for a study of many load combinations. The results were compared with mixed mode strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates calculated directly from nonlinear two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analyses using the virtual crack closure technique. The first procedure involved solving three unknown parameters needed to determine the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates. Good agreement was obtained when the external loads were used in the expression derived. This superposition technique was only applicable if the structure exhibits a linear load/deflection behavior. Consequently, a second technique was derived which was applicable in the case of nonlinear load/deformation behavior. The technique involved calculating six unknown parameters from a set of six simultaneous linear equations with data from six nonlinear analyses to determine the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates. This procedure was not time efficient, and hence, less appealing. A third procedure was developed to calculate mixed mode <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates as a function of delamination lengths. This procedure required only one nonlinear finite element analysis of the specimen with a single delamination length to obtain a reference solution for the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates and the scale factors. The delamination was extended in three separate linear models of the local area in the vicinity of the delamination subjected to unit loads to obtain the distribution of G with delamination lengths. This set of sub-problems was Although <span class="hlt">additional</span> modeling effort is required to create the sub- models, this local technique is efficient for parametric studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049110','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049110"><span>Enhancing phosphorus <span class="hlt">release</span> from waste activated sludge containing ferric or aluminum phosphates by EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> during anaerobic fermentation process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zou, Jinte; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Lin; Li, Yongmei</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) <span class="hlt">addition</span> on phosphorus <span class="hlt">release</span> from biosolids and phosphate precipitates during anaerobic fermentation was investigated. Meanwhile, the impact of EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> on the anaerobic fermentation process was revealed. The results indicate that EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> significantly enhanced the <span class="hlt">release</span> of phosphorus from biosolids, ferric phosphate precipitate and aluminum phosphate precipitate during anaerobic fermentation, which is attributed to the complexation of metal ions and damage of cell membrane caused by EDTA. With the optimal EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 19.5 mM (0.41 gEDTA/gSS), phosphorus <span class="hlt">release</span> efficiency from biosolids was 82%, which was much higher than that (40%) without EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span>. Meanwhile, with 19.5 mM EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span>, almost all the phosphorus in ferric phosphate precipitate was <span class="hlt">released</span>, while only 57% of phosphorus in aluminum phosphate precipitate was <span class="hlt">released</span>. This indicates that phosphorus in ferric phosphate precipitate was much easier to be <span class="hlt">released</span> than that in aluminum phosphate precipitate during anaerobic fermentation of sludge. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, proper EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> facilitated the production of soluble total organic carbon and volatile fatty acids, as well as solid reduction during sludge fermentation, although methane production could be inhibited. Therefore, EDTA <span class="hlt">addition</span> can be used as an alternative method for recovering phosphorus from waste activated sludge containing ferric or aluminum precipitates, as well as recovery of soluble carbon source. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27762047','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27762047"><span>A Responsive Battery with Controlled <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Xiaopeng; Gao, Jian; Cheng, Zhihua; Chen, Nan; Qu, Liangti</p> <p>2016-11-14</p> <p>A new type of responsive battery with the fascinating feature of pressure perceptibility has been developed, which can spontaneously, timely and reliably control the power outputs (e.g., current and voltage) in response to pressure changes. The device design is based on the structure of the Zn-air battery, in which graphene-coated sponge serves as pressure-sensitive air cathode that endows the whole system with the capability of self-controlled <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. The responsive batteries exhibit superior battery performance with high open-circuit voltage (1.3 V), and competitive areal capacity of 1.25 mAh cm -2 . This work presents an important move towards next-generation intelligent <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage devices with <span class="hlt">energy</span> management function. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23121901C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23121901C"><span>The Dark <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Survey First Data <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carrasco Kind, Matias</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this talk I will announce and highlight the main components of the first public data <span class="hlt">release</span> (DR1) coming from the Dark <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Survey (DES).In January 2016, the DES survey made available, in a simple unofficial <span class="hlt">release</span> to the astronomical community, the first set of products. This data was taken and studied during the DES Science Verification period consisting on roughly 250 sq. degrees and 25 million objects at a mean depth of i=23.7 that led to over 80 publications from DES scientist.The DR1 <span class="hlt">release</span> is the first official <span class="hlt">release</span> from the main survey and it consists on the observations taken during the first 3 seasons from August 2013 to February 2016 (about 100 nights each season) of the survey which cover the entire DES footprint. All of the Single Epoch Images and the Year 3 Coadded images distributed in 10223 tiles are available for download in this <span class="hlt">release</span>. The catalogs provide astrometry, photometry and basic classification for near 400M objects in roughly 5000 sq. degrees on the southern hemisphere with a approximate mean depth of i=23.3. Complementary footprint, masking and depth information is also available. All of the software used during the generation of these products are open sourced and have been made available through the Github DES Organization. Images, data and other sub products have been possible through the international and collaborative effort of all 25 institutions involved in DES and are available for exploration and download through the interfaces provided by a partnership between NCSA, NOAO and LIneA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28508907','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28508907"><span>An effective trigger for <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of vinylheptafulvene-based solar heat batteries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cacciarini, Martina; Vlasceanu, Alexandru; Jevric, Martyn; Nielsen, Mogens Brøndsted</p> <p>2017-05-30</p> <p>Stoichiometric copper(i) tetrakis(acetonitrile) is found to activate the thermal ring-closure reaction of a series of high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> vinylheptafulvene isomers to the corresponding low-<span class="hlt">energy</span> and photoactive dihydroazulenes, allowing the <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> upon request.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001072','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001072"><span>The Role of Compressibility in <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> by Magnetic Reconnection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Birn, J.; Borovosky, J. E.; Hesse, M.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Using resistive compressible magnetohydrodynamics, we investigate the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and transfer by magnetic reconnection in finite (closed or periodic) systems. The emphasis is on the magnitude of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> and transferred to plasma heating in configurations that range from highly compressible to incompressible, based on the magnitude of the background beta (ratio of plasma pressure over magnetic pressure) and of a guide field in two-dimensional reconnection. As expected, the system becomes more incompressible, and the role of compressional heating diminishes, with increasing beta or increasing guide field. Nevertheless, compressional heating may dominate over Joule heating for values of the guide field of 2 or 3 (in relation to the reconnecting magnetic field component) and beta of 5-10. This result stems from the strong localization of the dissipation near the reconnection site, which is modeled based on particle simulation results. Imposing uniform resistivity, corresponding to a Lundquist number of 10(exp 3) to 10(exp 4), leads to significantly larger Ohmic heating. Increasing incompressibility greatly reduces the magnetic flux transfer and the amount of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span>, from approx. 10% of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> associated with the reconnecting field component, for zero guide field and low beta, to approx. 0.2%-0.4% for large values of the guide field B(sub y0) > 5 or large beta. The results demonstrate the importance of taking into account plasma compressibility and localization of dissipation in investigations of heating by turbulent reconnection, possibly relevant for solar wind or coronal heating.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4426983','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4426983"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> effects on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for synaptic vesicle fusion cause supralinear effects on the vesicle fusion rate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schotten, Sebastiaan; Meijer, Marieke; Walter, Alexander Matthias; Huson, Vincent; Mamer, Lauren; Kalogreades, Lawrence; ter Veer, Mirelle; Ruiter, Marvin; Brose, Nils; Rosenmund, Christian</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> required to fuse synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane (‘activation energy’) is considered a major determinant in synaptic efficacy. From reaction rate theory, we predict that a class of modulations exists, which utilize linear modulation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for fusion to achieve supralinear effects on the fusion rate. To test this prediction experimentally, we developed a method to assess the number of <span class="hlt">releasable</span> vesicles, rate constants for vesicle priming, unpriming, and fusion, and the activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> for fusion by fitting a vesicle state model to synaptic responses induced by hypertonic solutions. We show that complexinI/II deficiency or phorbol ester stimulation indeed affects responses to hypertonic solution in a supralinear manner. An <span class="hlt">additive</span> vs multiplicative relationship between activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> and fusion rate provides a novel explanation for previously observed non-linear effects of genetic/pharmacological perturbations on synaptic transmission and a novel interpretation of the cooperative nature of Ca2+-dependent <span class="hlt">release</span>. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05531.001 PMID:25871846</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28648579','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28648579"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> mechanism of doxazosin from carrageenan matrix tablets: Effect of ionic strength and <span class="hlt">addition</span> of sodium dodecyl sulphate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kos, Petra; Pavli, Matej; Baumgartner, Saša; Kogej, Ksenija</p> <p>2017-08-30</p> <p>The polyelectrolyte matrix tablets loaded with an oppositely charged drug exhibit complex drug-<span class="hlt">release</span> mechanisms. In this study, the <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism of a cationic drug doxazosin mesylate (DM) from matrix tablets based on an anionic polyelectrolyte λ-carrageenan (λ-CARR) is investigated. The drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rates from λ-CARR matrices are correlated with binding results based on potentiometric measurements using the DM ion-sensitive membrane electrode and with molecular characteristics of the DM-λ-CARR-complex particles through hydrodynamic size measurements. Experiments are performed in solutions with different ionic strength and with the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). It is demonstrated that in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to swelling and erosion of tablets, the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates depend strongly on cooperative interactions between DM and λ-CARR. <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of SDS at concentrations below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) slows down the DM <span class="hlt">release</span> through hydrophobic binding of SDS to the DM-λ-CARR complex. On the contrary, at concentrations above the CMC SDS pulls DM from the complex by forming mixed micelles with it and thus accelerates the <span class="hlt">release</span>. Results involving SDS show that the concentration of surfactants that are naturally present in gastrointestinal environment may have a great impact on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26520408','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26520408"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing of scaffolds with dexamethasone controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> for enhanced bone regeneration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Costa, Pedro F; Puga, Ana M; Díaz-Gomez, Luis; Concheiro, Angel; Busch, Dirk H; Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen</p> <p>2015-12-30</p> <p>The adoption of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies greatly relies on the development of novel 3D printable materials with advanced properties. In this work we have developed a material for bone TERM applications with tunable bioerosion rate and dexamethasone <span class="hlt">release</span> profile which can be further employed in fused deposition modelling (the most common and accessible 3D printing technology in the market). The developed material consisted of a blend of poly-ϵ-caprolactone (PCL) and poloxamine (Tetronic®) and was processed into a ready-to-use filament form by means of a simplified melt-based methodology, therefore eliminating the utilization of solvents. 3D scaffolds composed of various blend formulations were <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured and analyzed revealing blend ratio-specific degradation rates and dexamethasone <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles. Furthermore, in vitro culture studies revealed a similar blend ratio-specific trend concerning the osteoinductive activity of the fabricated scaffolds when these were seeded and cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells. The developed material enables to specifically address different regenerative requirements found in various tissue defects. The versatility of such strategy is further increased by the ability of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing to accurately fabricate implants matching any given defect geometry. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1683b0121L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1683b0121L"><span>DEM code-based modeling of <span class="hlt">energy</span> accumulation and <span class="hlt">release</span> in structurally heterogeneous rock masses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lavrikov, S. V.; Revuzhenko, A. F.</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Based on discrete element method, the authors model loading of a physical specimen to describe its capacity to accumulate and <span class="hlt">release</span> elastic <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The specimen is modeled as a packing of particles with viscoelastic coupling and friction. The external elastic boundary of the packing is represented by particles connected by elastic springs. The latter means introduction of an <span class="hlt">additional</span> special potential of interaction between the boundary particles, that exercises effect even when there is no direct contact between the particles. On the whole, the model specimen represents an element of a medium capable of accumulation of deformation <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the form of internal stresses. The data of the numerical modeling of the physical specimen compression and the laboratory testing results show good qualitative consistency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1353011','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1353011"><span>Ni and Cr <span class="hlt">addition</span> to alloy waste forms to reduce radionuclide environmental <span class="hlt">releases</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Olson, L.</p> <p>2016-10-11</p> <p>Reference alloy waste forms (RAW) were fabricated and underwent hybrid corrosion/immersion testing to parameterize the ANL analytical oxidative-dissolution model to enable the calculation of fractional <span class="hlt">release</span> rates and to determine the effectiveness of Ni and Cr trim <span class="hlt">additions</span> in reducing <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of radionuclide surrogates. Figure 1 shows the prototypical multiphase microstructure of the alloys with each phase type contributing about equally to the exposed surface area. The waste forms tested at SRNL were variations of the RAW-6 formulation that uses HT9 as the main alloy component, and are meant to enable evaluation of the impact of Ni and Crmore » trim <span class="hlt">additions</span> on the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of actinides and Tc-99. The test solutions were deaerated alkaline and acidic brines, ranging in pH 3 to pH 10, representing potential repositories with those conditions. The testing approach consisted of 4 major steps; 1) bare surface corrosion measurements at pH values of 3, 5, 8, and 10, 2) hybrid potentiostatic hold/exposure measurements at pH 3, 3) measurement of radionuclide concentrations and relations to anodic current from potentiostatic holds, and 4) identification of corroding phases using SEM/EDS of electrodes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ASPC..510..289P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ASPC..510..289P"><span>Flare <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span>: Internal Conflict, Contradiction with High Resolution Observations, Possible Solutions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pustilnik, L.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>All accepted paradigm of solar and stellar flares <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> based on 2 whales: 1. Source of <span class="hlt">energy</span> is free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of non-potential force free magnetic field in atmosphere above active region; 2. Process of ultrafast dissipation of magnetic fields is Reconnection in Thin Turbulent Current Sheet (RTTCS). Progress in observational techniques in last years provided ultra-high spatial resolution and in physics of turbulent plasma showed that real situation is much more complicated and standard approach is in contradiction both with observations and with problem of RTTCS stability. We present critical analysis of classic models of pre-flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> accumulation and its dissipation during flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> from pioneer works Giovanelli (1939, 1947) up to topological reconnection. We show that all accepted description of global force-free fields as source of future flare cannot be agreed with discovered in last years fine and ultra-fine current-magnetic structure included numerouse arcs-threads with diameters up to 100 km with constant sequence from photosphere to corona. This magnetic skeleton of thin current magnetic threads with strong interaction between them is main source of reserved magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> insolar atmosphere. Its dynamics will be controlled by percolation of magnetic stresses through network of current-magnetic threads with transition to flare state caused by critical value of global current. We show that thin turbulent current sheet is absolutely unstable configuration both caused by splitting to numerous linear currents by dissipative modes like to tearing, and as sequence of suppress of plasma turbulence caused by anomalous heating of turbulent plasma. In result of these factors primary RTTCS will be disrupted in numerous turbulent and normal plasma domains like to resistors network. Current propagation through this network will have percolation character with all accompanied properties of percolated systems: self-organization with formation power</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770035709&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770035709&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by the interaction of coronal magnetic fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sheeley, N. R., Jr.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Comparisons between coronal spectroheliograms and photospheric magnetograms are presented to support the idea that as coronal magnetic fields interact, a process of field-line reconnection usually takes place as a natural way of preventing magnetic stresses from building up in the lower corona. This suggests that the <span class="hlt">energy</span> which would have been stored in stressed fields is continuously <span class="hlt">released</span> as kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of material being driven aside to make way for the reconnecting fields. However, this kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> is negligible compared with the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the coronal plasma. Therefore, it appears that these slow adjustments of coronal magnetic fields cannot account for even the normal heating of the corona, much less the energetic events associated with solar flares.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002SPIE.4562..593M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002SPIE.4562..593M"><span>Low surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> polymeric <span class="hlt">release</span> coating for improved contact print lithography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mancini, David P.; Resnick, Douglas J.; Gehoski, Kathleen A.; Popovich, Laura L.; Chang, Daniel</p> <p>2002-03-01</p> <p>Contact printing has been used for decades in many various lithography applications in the microelectronic industry. While vacuum contact printing processes offer sub-micron resolution and high throughput, they often suffer from some important drawbacks. One of the most common problems is degradation in both resolution and defect density which occurs when the same mask si used for multiple exposures without frequent mask cleans. This is largely due to the relatively high surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> of both quartz and chrome and the tendency of most photoresists to adhere to these surfaces. As a result, when a mask and wafer are pressed into intimate contact, resist will tend to stick to the mask creating a defect on the wafer, effectively propagating defects to subsequent wafers. In this study, DuPont Teflon AF 1601S is used as a photomask coating and evaluated for its ability to act as a <span class="hlt">release</span> agent and reduce defects while maintaining resolution for multiple exposures. Teflon AF is an amorphous, transparent, low surface <span class="hlt">energy</span>, polymeric material that can be spin coated into a thin conformal film. Tests have shown that when using an uncoated mask in vacuum contact, resolution of 0.75 micrometers dense lines is severely degraded after less than 10 consecutive exposures. However, when the mask is coated, 0.75 micrometers dense lines were successfully resolved using vacuum contact for over 200 exposures without cleaning. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, it has been demonstrated that Teflon AF coatings impart to a mask a self-cleaning capability, since particles tend to stick to the photoresist rather than the mask. A coated mask, which was purposefully contaminated with particulates, resolved 0.75 micrometers dense lines on all but the first wafer of a series of 25 consecutive exposures. The patented mask <span class="hlt">releases</span> layer process has successfully been demonstrated with a positive novolak resist. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> data which describes the system chemistry, dilution and coating process, and film morphology</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745740','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745740"><span>Blast shock wave mitigation using the hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> redirection and <span class="hlt">release</span> technology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Yun; Huang, Wei; Constantini, Shlomi</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> redirection and <span class="hlt">release</span> technology has been developed for mitigating the effects of blast shock waves on protected objects. The technology employs a liquid-filled plastic tubing as a blast overpressure transformer to transfer kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of blast shock waves into hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the plastic tubings. The hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> is redirected through the plastic tubings to the openings at the lower ends, and then is quickly <span class="hlt">released</span> with the liquid flowing out through the openings. The samples of the specifically designed body armor in which the liquid-filled plastic tubings were installed vertically as the outer layer of the body armor were tested. The blast test results demonstrated that blast overpressure behind the body armor samples was remarkably reduced by 97% in 0.2 msec after the liquid flowed out of its appropriate volume through the openings. The results also suggested that a volumetric liquid surge might be created when kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of blast shock wave was transferred into hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> to cause a rapid physical movement or displacement of the liquid. The volumetric liquid surge has a strong destructive power, and can cause a noncontact, remote injury in humans (such as blast-induced traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder) if it is created in cardiovascular system. The hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> redirection and <span class="hlt">release</span> technology can successfully mitigate blast shock waves from the outer surface of the body armor. It should be further explored as an innovative approach to effectively protect against blast threats to civilian and military personnel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3379975','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3379975"><span>Blast Shock Wave Mitigation Using the Hydraulic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Redirection and <span class="hlt">Release</span> Technology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Yun; Huang, Wei; Constantini, Shlomi</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> redirection and <span class="hlt">release</span> technology has been developed for mitigating the effects of blast shock waves on protected objects. The technology employs a liquid-filled plastic tubing as a blast overpressure transformer to transfer kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of blast shock waves into hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the plastic tubings. The hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> is redirected through the plastic tubings to the openings at the lower ends, and then is quickly <span class="hlt">released</span> with the liquid flowing out through the openings. The samples of the specifically designed body armor in which the liquid-filled plastic tubings were installed vertically as the outer layer of the body armor were tested. The blast test results demonstrated that blast overpressure behind the body armor samples was remarkably reduced by 97% in 0.2 msec after the liquid flowed out of its appropriate volume through the openings. The results also suggested that a volumetric liquid surge might be created when kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of blast shock wave was transferred into hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> to cause a rapid physical movement or displacement of the liquid. The volumetric liquid surge has a strong destructive power, and can cause a noncontact, remote injury in humans (such as blast-induced traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder) if it is created in cardiovascular system. The hydraulic <span class="hlt">energy</span> redirection and <span class="hlt">release</span> technology can successfully mitigate blast shock waves from the outer surface of the body armor. It should be further explored as an innovative approach to effectively protect against blast threats to civilian and military personnel. PMID:22745740</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARH16003I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARH16003I"><span>Unleashing elastic <span class="hlt">energy</span>: dynamics of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in rubber bands and impulsive biological systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ilton, Mark; Cox, Suzanne; Egelmeers, Thijs; Patek, S. N.; Crosby, Alfred J.</p> <p></p> <p>Impulsive biological systems - which include mantis shrimp, trap-jaw ants, and venus fly traps - can reach high speeds by using elastic elements to store and rapidly <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The material behavior and shape changes critical to achieving rapid <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in these systems are largely unknown due to limitations of materials testing instruments operating at high speed and large displacement. In this work, we perform fundamental, proof-of-concept measurements on the tensile retraction of elastomers. Using high speed imaging, the kinematics of retraction are measured for elastomers with varying mechanical properties and geometry. Based on the kinematics, the rate of <span class="hlt">energy</span> dissipation in the material is determined as a function of strain and strain-rate, along with a scaling relation which describes the dependence of maximum velocity on material properties. Understanding this scaling relation along with the material failure limits of the elastomer allows the prediction of material properties required for optimal performance. We demonstrate this concept experimentally by optimizing for maximum velocity in our synthetic model system, and achieve retraction velocities that exceed those in biological impulsive systems. This model system provides a foundation for future work connecting continuum performance to molecular architecture in impulsive systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870011944','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870011944"><span>Convergence of strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate components for edge-delaminated composite laminates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Raju, I. S.; Crews, J. H., Jr.; Aminpour, M. A.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates for edge delaminated composite laminates were obtained using quasi 3 dimensional finite element analysis. The problem of edge delamination at the -35/90 interfaces of an 8-ply composite laminate subjected to uniform axial strain was studied. The individual components of the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates did not show convergence as the delamination tip elements were made smaller. In contrast, the total strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate converged and remained unchanged as the delamination tip elements were made smaller and agreed with that calculated using a classical laminated plate theory. The studies of the near field solutions for a delamination at an interface between two dissimilar isotropic or orthotropic plates showed that the imaginary part of the singularity is the cause of the nonconvergent behavior of the individual components. To evaluate the accuracy of the results, an 8-ply laminate with the delamination modeled in a thin resin layer, that exists between the -35 and 90 plies, was analyzed. Because the delamination exists in a homogeneous isotropic material, the oscillatory component of the singularity vanishes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.2323R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.2323R"><span>Influence of LOD variations on seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Riguzzi, F.; Krumm, F.; Wang, K.; Kiszely, M.; Varga, P.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Tidal friction causes significant time variations of geodynamical parameters, among them geometrical flattening. The axial despinning of the Earth due to tidal friction through the change of flattening generates incremental meridional and azimuthal stresses. The stress pattern in an incompressible elastic upper mantle and crust is symmetric to the equator and has its inflection points at the critical latitude close to ±45°. Consequently the distribution of seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by strong, shallow focus earthquakes should have also sharp maxima at this latitude. To investigate the influence of length of day (LOD) variations on earthquake activity an earthquake catalogue of strongest seismic events (M>7.0) was completed for the period 1900-2007. It is shown with the use of this catalogue that for the studied time-interval the catalogue is complete and consists of the seismic events responsible for more than 90% of <span class="hlt">released</span> seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span>. Study of the catalogue for earthquakes M>7.0 shows that the seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> discharged by the strongest seismic events has significant maxima at ±45°, what renders probably that the seismic activity of our planet is influenced by an external component, i.e. by the tidal friction, which acts through the variation of the hydrostatic figure of the Earth caused by it. Distribution along the latitude of earthquake numbers and <span class="hlt">energies</span> was investigated also for the case of global linear tectonic structures, such as mid ocean ridges and subduction zones. It can be shown that the number of the shallow focus shocks has a repartition along the latitude similar to the distribution of the linear tectonic structures. This means that the position of foci of seismic events is mainly controlled by the tectonic activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3946412','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3946412"><span>Noninvasive Fluorescence Resonance <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Transfer Imaging of in vivo Premature Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Polymeric Nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zou, Peng; Chen, Hongwei; Paholak, Hayley J.; Sun, Duxin</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Understanding in vivo drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics is critical for the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In this study, we developed a fluorescence resonance <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer (FRET) imaging approach to noninvasively monitor in vitro and in vivo cargo <span class="hlt">release</span> from polymeric nanoparticles. The FRET donor dye (DiO or DiD) and acceptor dye (DiI or DiR) were individually encapsulated into poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-PS) nanoparticles. When DiO (donor) nanoparticles and DiI (acceptor) nanoparticles were co-incubated with cancer cells for 2 h, increased FRET signals were observed from cell membranes, suggesting rapid <span class="hlt">release</span> of DiO and DiI to cell membranes. Similarly, increased FRET ratios were detected in nude mice after intravenous co-administration of DiD (donor) nanoparticles and DiR (acceptor) nanoparticles. In contrast, another group of nude mice i.v. administrated with DiD/DiR co-loaded nanoparticles showed decreased FRET ratios. Based on the difference in FRET ratios between the two groups, in vivo DiD/DiR <span class="hlt">release</span> half-life from PEO-PS nanoparticles was determined to be 9.2 min. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, it was observed that the presence of cell membranes facilitated burst <span class="hlt">release</span> of lipophilic cargos while incorporation of oleic acid-coated iron oxide into PEO-PS nanoparticles slowed the <span class="hlt">release</span> of DiD/DiR to cell membranes. The developed in vitro and in vivo FRET imaging techniques can be used to screening stable nano-formulations for lipophilic drug delivery. PMID:24033270</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009994','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70009994"><span><span class="hlt">Releasing-addition</span> method for the flame-photometric determination of calcium in thermal waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rowe, J.J.</p> <p>1963-01-01</p> <p>Study of the interferences of silica and sulfate in the flame-photometric determination of calcium in thermal waters has led to the development of a method requiring no prior chemical separations. The interference effects of silica, sulfate, potassium, sodium, aluminum, and phosphate are overcome by an <span class="hlt">addition</span> technique coupled with the use of magnesium as a <span class="hlt">releasing</span> agent. ?? 1963.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910020966','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910020966"><span>Residual thermal and moisture influences on the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of local delaminations from matrix cracks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Obrien, T. K.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>An analysis utilizing laminated plate theory is developed to calculate the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate associated with local delaminations originating at off-axis, single ply, matrix cracks in laminates subjected to uniaxial loads. The analysis includes the contribution of residual thermal and moisture stresses to the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span>. Examples are calculated for the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate associated with local delaminations originating at 90 degrees and angle-ply (non-90 degrees) matrix ply cracks in glass epoxy and graphite epoxy laminates. The solution developed may be used to assess the relative contribution of mechanical, residual thermal, and moisture stresses on the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate for local delamination for a variety of layups and materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060056392','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060056392"><span>Influence of Finite Element Software on <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rates Computed Using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Krueger, Ronald; Goetze, Dirk; Ransom, Jonathon (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates were computed along straight delamination fronts of Double Cantilever Beam, End-Notched Flexure and Single Leg Bending specimens using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT). Th e results were based on finite element analyses using ABAQUS# and ANSYS# and were calculated from the finite element results using the same post-processing routine to assure a consistent procedure. Mixed-mode strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates obtained from post-processing finite elem ent results were in good agreement for all element types used and all specimens modeled. Compared to previous studies, the models made of s olid twenty-node hexahedral elements and solid eight-node incompatible mode elements yielded excellent results. For both codes, models made of standard brick elements and elements with reduced integration did not correctly capture the distribution of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate acr oss the width of the specimens for the models chosen. The results suggested that element types with similar formulation yield matching results independent of the finite element software used. For comparison, m ixed-mode strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates were also calculated within ABAQUS#/Standard using the VCCT for ABAQUS# add on. For all specimens mod eled, mixed-mode strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates obtained from ABAQUS# finite element results using post-processing were almost identical to re sults calculated using the VCCT for ABAQUS# add on.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CG....113....1Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CG....113....1Z"><span>Forecasting of future earthquakes in the northeast region of India considering <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> concept</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zarola, Amit; Sil, Arjun</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This study presents the forecasting of time and magnitude size of the next earthquake in the northeast India, using four probability distribution models (Gamma, Lognormal, Weibull and Log-logistic) considering updated earthquake catalog of magnitude Mw ≥ 6.0 that occurred from year 1737-2015 in the study area. On the basis of past seismicity of the region, two types of conditional probabilities have been estimated using their best fit model and respective model parameters. The first conditional probability is the probability of seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (e × 1020 ergs), which is expected to <span class="hlt">release</span> in the future earthquake, exceeding a certain level of seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (E × 1020 ergs). And the second conditional probability is the probability of seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (a × 1020 ergs/year), which is expected to <span class="hlt">release</span> per year, exceeding a certain level of seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> per year (A × 1020 ergs/year). The logarithm likelihood functions (ln L) were also estimated for all four probability distribution models. A higher value of ln L suggests a better model and a lower value shows a worse model. The time of the future earthquake is forecasted by dividing the total seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> expected to <span class="hlt">release</span> in the future earthquake with the total seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> expected to <span class="hlt">release</span> per year. The epicentre of recently occurred 4 January 2016 Manipur earthquake (M 6.7), 13 April 2016 Myanmar earthquake (M 6.9) and the 24 August 2016 Myanmar earthquake (M 6.8) are located in zone Z.12, zone Z.16 and zone Z.15, respectively and that are the identified seismic source zones in the study area which show that the proposed techniques and models yield good forecasting accuracy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426668','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426668"><span>The Dark <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Survey Data <span class="hlt">Release</span> 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Abbott, T.M.C.; et al.</p> <p></p> <p>We describe the first public data <span class="hlt">release</span> of the Dark <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single epoch images, coadded images, coadded source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first three years of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (August 2013 to February 2016) by the Dark <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Camera mounted on the 4-m Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We <span class="hlt">release</span> data from the DES wide-area survey covering ~5,000 sq. deg. of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 hasmore » a median delivered point-spread function of g = 1.12, r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.90 arcsec FWHM, a photometric precision of < 1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 mas. The median coadded catalog depth for a 1.95" diameter aperture at S/N = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 mag. DES DR1 includes nearly 400M distinct astronomical objects detected in ~10,000 coadd tiles of size 0.534 sq. deg. produced from ~39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ~310M and ~ 80M objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive coadd image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.451a2014M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.451a2014M"><span>Dynamic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate in couple-stress elasticity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morini, L.; Piccolroaz, A.; Mishuris, G.</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>This paper is concerned with <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate for dynamic steady state crack problems in elastic materials with microstructures. A Mode III semi-infinite crack subject to loading applied on the crack surfaces is considered. The micropolar behaviour of the material is described by the theory of couple-stress elasticity developed by Koiter. A general expression for the dynamic J-integral including both traslational and micro-rotational inertial contributions is derived, and the conservation of this integral on a path surrounding the crack tip is demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhPl...17a2109B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhPl...17a2109B"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and transfer in guide field reconnection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Birn, J.; Hesse, M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Properties of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and transfer by magnetic reconnection in the presence of a guide field are investigated on the basis of 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Two initial configurations are considered: a plane current sheet with a uniform guide field of 80% of the reconnecting magnetic field component and a force-free current sheet in which the magnetic field strength is constant but the field direction rotates by 180° through the current sheet. The onset of reconnection is stimulated by localized, temporally limited compression. Both MHD and PIC simulations consistently show that the outgoing <span class="hlt">energy</span> fluxes are dominated by (redirected) Poynting flux and enthalpy flux, whereas bulk kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> flux and heat flux (in the PIC simulation) are small. The Poynting flux is mainly associated with the magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the guide field which is carried from inflow to outflow without much alteration. The conversion of annihilated magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> to enthalpy flux (that is, thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>) stems mainly from the fact that the outflow occurs into a closed field region governed by approximate force balance between Lorentz and pressure gradient forces. Therefore, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> converted from magnetic to kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> by Lorentz force acceleration becomes immediately transferred to thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> by the work done by the pressure gradient force. Strong similarities between late stages of MHD and PIC simulations result from the fact that conservation of mass and entropy content and footpoint displacement of magnetic flux tubes, imposed in MHD, are also approximately satisfied in the PIC simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9933F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....9933F"><span>Carbon dioxide degassing and thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> at Vesuvio (Italy)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frondini, F.; Chiodini, G.; Caliro, S.; Cardellini, C.; Granieri, D.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>At Vesuvio, basing on the data of the CO2 flux surveys carried out in April and May 2000, are discharged about 130 t d-1 of CO2 through soil diffuse degassing. In the crater area the distribution of the soil temperatures show a general correspondence between the CO2 flux anomalies and the high temperatures, suggesting that the heating of the soil is mainly due to the condensation of the rising volcanic-hydrothermal fluids. Considering that the original H2O/CO2 ratio of hydrothermal fluids is recorded by fumarolic effluents, the steam associated to the CO2 output has been computed and amount to is 475 t d-1. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> produced by the steam condensation and cooling of the liquid phase is 1.26 1012 J d-1 (14.6 MW). The amounts of gas and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by Vesuvio are comparable to those <span class="hlt">released</span> by other volcanic degassing areas of the world and their estimates, through periodical CO2 flux surveys, can constitute a powerful tool to monitor the activity of the volcano.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/897937','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/897937"><span>Kinetic Modeling of Slow <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> in Non-Ideal Carbon Rich Explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vitello, P; Fried, L; Glaesemann, K</p> <p>2006-06-20</p> <p>We present here the first self-consistent kinetic based model for long time-scale <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in detonation waves in the non-ideal explosive LX-17. Non-ideal, insensitive carbon rich explosives, such as those based on TATB, are believed to have significant late-time slow <span class="hlt">release</span> in <span class="hlt">energy</span>. One proposed source of this <span class="hlt">energy</span> is diffusion-limited growth of carbon clusters. In this paper we consider the late-time <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> problem in detonation waves using the thermochemical code CHEETAH linked to a multidimensional ALE hydrodynamics model. The linked CHEETAH-ALE model dimensional treats slowly reacting chemical species using kinetic rate laws, with chemical equilibrium assumed for speciesmore » coupled via fast time-scale reactions. In the model presented here we include separate rate equations for the transformation of the un-reacted explosive to product gases and for the growth of a small particulate form of condensed graphite to a large particulate form. The small particulate graphite is assumed to be in chemical equilibrium with the gaseous species allowing for coupling between the instantaneous thermodynamic state and the production of graphite clusters. For the explosive burn rate a pressure dependent rate law was used. Low pressure freezing of the gas species mass fractions was also included to account for regions where the kinetic coupling rates become longer than the hydrodynamic time-scales. The model rate parameters were calibrated using cylinder and rate-stick experimental data. Excellent long time agreement and size effect results were achieved.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4260856','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4260856"><span>Effects of Substrate <span class="hlt">Addition</span> on Soil Respiratory Carbon <span class="hlt">Release</span> Under Long-Term Warming and Clipping in a Tallgrass Prairie</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jia, Xiaohong; Zhou, Xuhui; Luo, Yiqi; Xue, Kai; Xue, Xian; Xu, Xia; Yang, Yuanhe; Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Regulatory mechanisms of soil respiratory carbon (C) <span class="hlt">release</span> induced by substrates (i.e., plant derived substrates) are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sampled soils from a long-term field manipulative experiment and conducted a laboratory incubation to explore the role of substrate supply in regulating the differences in soil C <span class="hlt">release</span> among the experimental treatments, including control, warming, clipping, and warming plus clipping. Three types of substrates (glucose, C3 and C4 plant materials) were added with an amount equal to 1% of soil dry weight under the four treatments. We found that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of all three substrates significantly stimulated soil respiratory C <span class="hlt">release</span> in all four warming and clipping treatments. In soils without substrate <span class="hlt">addition</span>, warming significantly stimulated soil C <span class="hlt">release</span> but clipping decreased it. However, <span class="hlt">additions</span> of glucose and C3 plant materials (C3 <span class="hlt">addition</span>) offset the warming effects, whereas C4 <span class="hlt">addition</span> still showed the warming-induced stimulation of soil C <span class="hlt">release</span>. Our results suggest that long-term warming may inhibit microbial capacity for decomposition of C3 litter but may enhance it for decomposition of C4 litter. Such warming-induced adaptation of microbial communities may weaken the positive C-cycle feedback to warming due to increased proportion of C4 species in plant community and decreased litter quality. In contrast, clipping may weaken microbial capacity for warming-induced decomposition of C4 litter but may enhance it for C3 litter. Warming- and clipping-induced shifts in microbial metabolic capacity may be strongly associated with changes in plant species composition and could substantially influence soil C dynamics in response to global change. PMID:25490701</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490701','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490701"><span>Effects of substrate <span class="hlt">addition</span> on soil respiratory carbon <span class="hlt">release</span> under long-term warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jia, Xiaohong; Zhou, Xuhui; Luo, Yiqi; Xue, Kai; Xue, Xian; Xu, Xia; Yang, Yuanhe; Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Regulatory mechanisms of soil respiratory carbon (C) <span class="hlt">release</span> induced by substrates (i.e., plant derived substrates) are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sampled soils from a long-term field manipulative experiment and conducted a laboratory incubation to explore the role of substrate supply in regulating the differences in soil C <span class="hlt">release</span> among the experimental treatments, including control, warming, clipping, and warming plus clipping. Three types of substrates (glucose, C3 and C4 plant materials) were added with an amount equal to 1% of soil dry weight under the four treatments. We found that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of all three substrates significantly stimulated soil respiratory C <span class="hlt">release</span> in all four warming and clipping treatments. In soils without substrate <span class="hlt">addition</span>, warming significantly stimulated soil C <span class="hlt">release</span> but clipping decreased it. However, <span class="hlt">additions</span> of glucose and C3 plant materials (C3 <span class="hlt">addition</span>) offset the warming effects, whereas C4 <span class="hlt">addition</span> still showed the warming-induced stimulation of soil C <span class="hlt">release</span>. Our results suggest that long-term warming may inhibit microbial capacity for decomposition of C3 litter but may enhance it for decomposition of C4 litter. Such warming-induced adaptation of microbial communities may weaken the positive C-cycle feedback to warming due to increased proportion of C4 species in plant community and decreased litter quality. In contrast, clipping may weaken microbial capacity for warming-induced decomposition of C4 litter but may enhance it for C3 litter. Warming- and clipping-induced shifts in microbial metabolic capacity may be strongly associated with changes in plant species composition and could substantially influence soil C dynamics in response to global change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22661301-observable-signatures-energy-release-braided-coronal-loops','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22661301-observable-signatures-energy-release-braided-coronal-loops"><span>Observable Signatures of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> in Braided Coronal Loops</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pontin, D. I.; Janvier, M.; Tiwari, S. K.</p> <p></p> <p>We examine the turbulent relaxation of solar coronal loops containing non-trivial field line braiding. Such field line tangling in the corona has long been postulated in the context of coronal heating models. We focus on the observational signatures of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in such braided magnetic structures using MHD simulations and forward modeling tools. The aim is to answer the following question: if <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> occurs in a coronal loop containing braided magnetic flux, should we expect a clearly observable signature in emissions? We demonstrate that the presence of braided magnetic field lines does not guarantee a braided appearance to themore » observed intensities. Observed intensities may—but need not necessarily—reveal the underlying braided nature of the magnetic field, depending on the degree and pattern of the field line tangling within the loop. However, in all cases considered, the evolution of the braided loop is accompanied by localized heating regions as the loop relaxes. Factors that may influence the observational signatures are discussed. Recent high-resolution observations from Hi-C have claimed the first direct evidence of braided magnetic fields in the corona. Here we show that both the Hi-C data and some of our simulations give the appearance of braiding at a range of scales.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AcAau.112..182L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AcAau.112..182L"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> properties of amorphous boron and boron-based propellant primary combustion products</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liang, Daolun; Liu, Jianzhong; Xiao, Jinwu; Xi, Jianfei; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Yanwei; Zhou, Junhu</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>The microstructure of amorphous boron and the primary combustion products of boron-based fuel-rich propellant (hereafter referred to as primary combustion products) was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Composition analysis of the primary combustion products was carried out by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> properties of amorphous boron and the primary combustion products were comparatively studied by laser ignition experimental system and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry. The primary combustion products contain B, C, Mg, Al, B4C, B13C2, BN, B2O3, NH4Cl, H2O, and so on. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> properties of primary combustion products are different from amorphous boron, significantly. The full-time spectral intensity of primary combustion products at a wavelength of 580 nm is ~2% lower than that of amorphous boron. The maximum spectral intensity of the former at full wave is ~5% higher than that of the latter. The ignition delay time of primary combustion products is ~150 ms shorter than that of amorphous boron, and the self-sustaining combustion time of the former is ~200 ms longer than that of the latter. The thermal oxidation process of amorphous boron involves water evaporation (weight loss) and boron oxidation (weight gain). The thermal oxidation process of primary combustion products involves two <span class="hlt">additional</span> steps: NH4Cl decomposition (weight loss) and carbon oxidation (weight loss). CL-20 shows better combustion-supporting effect than KClO4 in both the laser ignition experiments and the thermal oxidation experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JEnM...28....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JEnM...28....1T"><span>Chemical <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> in Several Recently Discovered Detonation and Deflagration Flows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tarver, Craig M.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>Several recent experiments on complex detonation and deflagration flows are analyzed in terms of the chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> required to sustain these flows. The observed double cellular structures in detonating gaseous nitromethane-oxygen and NO2-fuel (H2, CH4, and C2H6) mixtures are explained by the amplification of two distinct pressure wave frequencies by two exothermic reactions, the faster reaction forming vibrationally excited NO* and the slower reaction forming highly vibrationally excited N2**. The establishment of a Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) deflagration behind a weak shock wave, the C-J detonation established after a head-on collision with a shock front, and the C-J detonation conditions established in reactive supersonic flows are quantitatively calculated using the chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of a H2 + Cl2 mixture. For these three reactive flows, these calculations illustrate that different fractions of the exothermic chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> are used to sustain steady-state propagation. C-J detonation calculations on the various initial states using the CHEETAH chemical equilibrium code are shown to be in good agreement with experimental detonation velocity measurements for the head-on collision and supersonic flow detonations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930054261&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930054261&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy"><span>Numerical modeling of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage and <span class="hlt">release</span> in solar flares</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wu, S. T.; Weng, F. S.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>This paper reports on investigation of the photospheric magnetic field-line footpoint motion (usually referred to as shear motion) and magnetic flux emerging from below the surface in relation to <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage in a solar flare. These causality relationships are demonstrated by using numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations. From these results, one may conclude that the <span class="hlt">energy</span> stored in solar flares is in the form of currents. The dynamic process through which these currents reach a critical value is discussed as well as how these currents lead to <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>, such as the explosive events of solar flares.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830014615','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830014615"><span>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in earthquakes, and subduction zone seismicity and stress in slabs. Ph.D. Thesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Vassiliou, M. S.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in earthquakes is discussed. Dynamic <span class="hlt">energy</span> from source time function, a simplified procedure for modeling deep focus events, static <span class="hlt">energy</span> estimates, near source <span class="hlt">energy</span> studies, and <span class="hlt">energy</span> and magnitude are addressed. Subduction zone seismicity and stress in slabs are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12503524','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12503524"><span>Influence of type and level of water-soluble <span class="hlt">additives</span> on drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and surface and mechanical properties of Surelease films.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rohera, Bhagwan D; Parikh, Nilesh H</p> <p>2002-11-01</p> <p>Ethylcellulose in combination with water-soluble <span class="hlt">additives</span> has been used in the development of microporous membrane-coated dosage forms. In the present study, application of three types of water-soluble <span class="hlt">additives</span>, namely polyethylene glycols (PEG 400, 3350, and 8000), maltodextrins (Maltrin M150, M100, and M040 in the order of lower to higher average polymer size and molecular weight; dextrose equivalence 16.9, 11.1, and 4.8, respectively), and xylitol, as porosity modifiers in the films of a commercially available aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion (Surelease/E-7-7060 plasticized with glyceryl tricaprylate/caprate) was investigated. The effect of type and level of these <span class="hlt">additives</span> on drug <span class="hlt">release</span> characteristics and surface and mechanical properties of the polymeric films was studied. Each <span class="hlt">additive</span> was incorporated at 20 and 30% levels in the polymeric dispersion based on its solids content. Ibuprofen tablets were coated using the polymeric dispersion with and without <span class="hlt">additive</span> at 3% w/w coat level in a fluid-bed equipment. The coated tablets were evaluated for their drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, coat reflectivity (gloss), Brinell hardness, and elastic modulus. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the films was performed to determine the physico-chemical changes in the applied film-coats. The rate of drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, hence film porosity, was observed to be dependent on the type and level of the <span class="hlt">additive</span> added. The molecular weight of the <span class="hlt">additive</span> and its concentration in the polymeric dispersion had significant influence on the rate of drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, hardness, and elasticity of the film-coats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1154960','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1154960"><span>Explosive Products EOS: Adjustment for detonation speed and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Menikoff, Ralph</p> <p>2014-09-05</p> <p>Propagating detonation waves exhibit a curvature effect in which the detonation speed decreases with increasing front curvature. The curvature effect is due to the width of the wave profile. Numerically, the wave profile depends on resolution. With coarse resolution, the wave width is too large and results in a curvature effect that is too large. Consequently, the detonation speed decreases as the cell size is increased. We propose a modification to the products equation of state (EOS) to compensate for the effect of numerical resolution; i.e., to increase the CJ pressure in order that a simulation propagates a detonation wavemore » with a speed that is on average correct. The EOS modification also adjusts the <span class="hlt">release</span> isentrope to correct the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JCoMa..26.2028R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JCoMa..26.2028R"><span>Method for computing <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate using the elastic work factor approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rhee, K. Y.; Ernst, H. A.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The elastic work factor eta(el) concept was applied to composite structures for the calculation of total <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate by using a single specimen. Cracked lap shear specimens with four different unidirectional fiber orientation were used to examine the dependence of eta(el) on the material properties. Also, three different thickness ratios (lap/strap) were used to determine how geometric conditions affect eta(el). The eta(el) values were calculated in two different ways: compliance method and crack closure method. The results show that the two methods produce comparable eta(el) values and, while eta(el) is affected significantly by geometric conditions, it is reasonably independent of material properties for the given geometry. The results also showed that the elastic work factor can be used to calculate total <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate using a single specimen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcAau.142..221A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcAau.142..221A"><span>Concentrated <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span> for active drag reduction in hypersonic flow regime</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ashwin Ganesh, M.; John, Bibin</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Numerical optimization of hypersonic drag reduction technique based on concentrated <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span> is presented in this study. A reduction in wave drag is realized through concentrated <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span> in the hypersonic flowfield upstream of the blunt body. For the exhaustive optimization presented in this study, an in-house high precision inviscid flow solver has been developed. Studies focused on the identification of "optimum <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span> location" have revealed the existence of multiple minimum drag points. The wave drag coefficient is observed to drop from 0.85 to 0.45 when 50 Watts of <span class="hlt">energy</span> is added to an <span class="hlt">energy</span> bubble of 1 mm radius located at 74.7 mm upstream of the stagnation point. A direct proportionality has been identified between <span class="hlt">energy</span> bubble size and wave drag coefficient. Dependence of drag coefficient on the upstream added <span class="hlt">energy</span> magnitude is also revealed. Of the observed multiple minimum drag points, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition point (EDP) that offers minimum wave drag just after a sharp drop in drag is proposed as the most optimum <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span> location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140013397','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140013397"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Impacting Prominence Material Following the 2011 June 7 Eruption</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gilbert, H. R.; Inglis, A. R.; Mays, M. L.; Ofman, L.; Thompson, B. J.; Young, C. A.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Solar filaments exhibit a range of eruptive-like dynamic activity, ranging from the full or partial eruption of the filament mass and surrounding magnetic structure as a coronal mass ejection to a fully confined or failed eruption. On 2011 June 7, a dramatic partial eruption of a filament was observed by multiple instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory. One of the interesting aspects of this event is the response of the solar atmosphere as non-escaping material falls inward under the influence of gravity. The impact sites show clear evidence of brightening in the observed extreme ultraviolet wavelengths due to <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. Two plausible physical mechanisms for explaining the brightening are considered: heating of the plasma due to the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of impacting material compressing the plasma, or reconnection between the magnetic field of low-lying loops and the field carried by the impacting material. By analyzing the emission of the brightenings in several SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly wavelengths, and comparing the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the impacting material (7.6 × 10(exp 26) - 5.8 × 10(exp 27) erg) to the radiative <span class="hlt">energy</span> (approx. 1.9 × 10(exp 25) - 2.5 × 10(exp 26) erg), we find the dominant mechanism of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> involved in the observed brightening is plasma compression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.15307007T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.15307007T"><span>Precise calculation of neutron-capture reactions contribution in <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> for different types of VVER-1000 fuel assemblies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tikhomirov, Georgy; Bahdanovich, Rynat; Pham, Phu</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Precise calculation of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in a nuclear reactor is necessary to obtain the correct spatial power distribution and predict characteristics of burned nuclear fuel. In this work, previously developed method for calculation neutron-capture reactions - capture component - contribution in effective <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in a fuel core of nuclear reactor is discussed. The method was improved and implemented to the different models of VVER-1000 reactor developed for MCU 5 and MCNP 4 computer codes. Different models of equivalent cell and fuel assembly in the beginning of fuel cycle were calculated. These models differ by the geometry, fuel enrichment and presence of burnable absorbers. It is shown, that capture component depends on fuel enrichment and presence of burnable absorbers. Its value varies for different types of hot fuel assemblies from 3.35% to 3.85% of effective <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. Average capture component contribution in effective <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> for typical serial fresh fuel of VVER-1000 is 3.5%, which is 7 MeV/fission. The method will be used in future to estimate the dependency of capture <span class="hlt">energy</span> on fuel density, burn-up, etc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297463','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297463"><span>UHPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry determination of bisphenol A and plastic <span class="hlt">additives</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by polycarbonate tableware: influence of ageing and surface damage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bignardi, Chiara; Cavazza, Antonella; Laganà, Carmen; Salvadeo, Paola; Corradini, Claudio</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>A new UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap method for the identification and the quantitative determination of bisphenol A and some common <span class="hlt">additives</span> employed in plastic manufacturing has been developed and validated. The method has been applied to evaluate the migration from 14 samples of tableware of different age and degree of surface damage, in both ethanol and isooctane (used as food simulants according to EU plastic regulation). Bisphenol A, three UV light absorbers, and one whitening agent were detected and quantified. Data were analyzed with the aim of exploring a possible correlation between bisphenol A and <span class="hlt">additives</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>, ageing, and surface integrity. A high correlation between age of samples, surface damage, and bisphenol A migration has been evaluated, while the <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">additives</span> was not correlated with other parameters. Obtained data showed for the first time that the <span class="hlt">release</span> of bisphenol A seems to be more connected to ageing than to scratches and cracks occurrence. Graphical Abstract Bisphenol A and <span class="hlt">additives</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by polycarbonate tableware: influence of ageing and surface damage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22416163-non-pairwise-additivity-leading-order-dispersion-energy','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22416163-non-pairwise-additivity-leading-order-dispersion-energy"><span>Non-pairwise <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of the leading-order dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hollett, Joshua W., E-mail: j.hollett@uwinnipeg.ca</p> <p>2015-02-28</p> <p>The leading-order (i.e., dipole-dipole) dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span> is calculated for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) infinite lattices, and an infinite 1D array of infinitely long lines, of doubly occupied locally harmonic wells. The dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span> is decomposed into pairwise and non-pairwise <span class="hlt">additive</span> components. By varying the force constant and separation of the wells, the non-pairwise <span class="hlt">additive</span> contribution to the dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span> is shown to depend on the overlap of density between neighboring wells. As well separation is increased, the non-pairwise <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of the dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span> decays. The different rates of decay for 1D and 2D lattices of wells is explained inmore » terms of a Jacobian effect that influences the number of nearest neighbors. For an array of infinitely long lines of wells spaced 5 bohrs apart, and an inter-well spacing of 3 bohrs within a line, the non-pairwise <span class="hlt">additive</span> component of the leading-order dispersion <span class="hlt">energy</span> is −0.11 kJ mol{sup −1} well{sup −1}, which is 7% of the total. The polarizability of the wells and the density overlap between them are small in comparison to that of the atomic densities that arise from the molecular density partitioning used in post-density-functional theory (DFT) damped dispersion corrections, or DFT-D methods. Therefore, the nonadditivity of the leading-order dispersion observed here is a conservative estimate of that in molecular clusters.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522197-energy-release-initiation-sunquake-class-flare','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522197-energy-release-initiation-sunquake-class-flare"><span><span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> <span class="hlt">RELEASE</span> AND INITIATION OF A SUNQUAKE IN A C-CLASS FLARE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sharykin, I. N.; Kosovichev, A. G.; Zimovets, I. V.</p> <p></p> <p>We present an analysis of the C7.0 solar flare from 2013 February 17, revealing a strong helioseismic response (sunquake) caused by a compact impact observed with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in the low atmosphere. This is the weakest known C-class flare generating a sunquake event. To investigate the possible mechanisms of this event and understand the role of accelerated charged particles and photospheric electric currents, we use data from three space observatories: RHESSI, SDO, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. We find that the photospheric flare impact does not spatially correspond to themore » strongest hard X-ray emission source, but both of these events are parts of the same <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. Our analysis reveals a close association of the flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> with a rapid increase in the electric currents and suggests that the sunquake initiation is unlikely to be caused by the impact of high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons, but may be associated with rapid current dissipation or a localized impulsive Lorentz force in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28779768','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28779768"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span>-effective Grinding of Inorganic Solids Using Organic <span class="hlt">Additives</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishra, Ratan K; Weibel, Martin; Müller, Thomas; Heinz, Hendrik; Flatt, Robert J</p> <p>2017-08-09</p> <p>We present our research findings related to new formulations of the organic <span class="hlt">additives</span> (grinding aids) needed for the efficient grinding of inorganic solids. Even though the size reduction phenomena of the inorganic solid particles in a ball mill is purely a physical process, the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of grinding aids in milling media introduces a complex physicochemical process. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to further gain in productivity, the organic <span class="hlt">additive</span> helps to reduce the <span class="hlt">energy</span> needed for grinding, which in the case of cement clinker has major environmental implications worldwide. This is primarily due to the tremendous amounts of cement produced and almost 30% of the associated electrical <span class="hlt">energy</span> is consumed for grinding. In this paper, we examine the question of how to optimize these grinding aids linking molecular insight into their working mechanisms, and also how to design chemical <span class="hlt">additives</span> of improved performance for industrial comminution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28502898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28502898"><span>Development of modified <span class="hlt">release</span> 3D printed tablets (printlets) with pharmaceutical excipients using <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Goyanes, Alvaro; Fina, Fabrizio; Martorana, Annalisa; Sedough, Daniel; Gaisford, Simon; Basit, Abdul W</p> <p>2017-07-15</p> <p>The aim of this study was to manufacture 3D printed tablets (printlets) from enteric polymers by single filament fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing (3DP). Hot melt extrusion was used to generate paracetamol-loaded filaments from three different grades of the pharmaceutical excipient hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), grades LG, MG and HG. One-step 3DP was used to process these filaments into enteric printlets incorporating up to 50% drug loading with two different infill percentages (20 and 100%). X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) analysis revealed that printlets with 20% infill had cavities in the core compared to 100% infill, and that the density of the 50% drug loading printlets was higher than the equivalent formulations loaded with 5% drug. In biorelevant bicarbonate dissolution media, drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from the printlets was dependent on the polymer composition, drug loading and the internal structure of the formulations. All HPMCAS-based printlets showed delayed drug <span class="hlt">release</span> properties, and in the intestinal conditions, drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was faster from the printlets prepared with polymers with a lower pH-threshold: HPMCAS LG > HPMCAS MG > HPMCAS HG. These results confirm that FDM 3D printing makes it possible not only to manufacture delayed <span class="hlt">release</span> printlets without the need for an outer enteric coating, but it is also feasible to adapt the <span class="hlt">release</span> profile in response to the personal characteristics of the patient, realizing the full potential of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing in the development of personalised dose medicines. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASJ..tmp....6S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASJ..tmp....6S"><span>Observational study on the fine structure and dynamics of a solar jet. II. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process revealed by spectral analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sakaue, Takahito; Tei, Akiko; Asai, Ayumi; Ueno, Satoru; Ichimoto, Kiyoshi; Shibata, Kazunari</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>We report on a solar jet phenomenon associated with the C5.4 class flare on 2014 November 11. The data of the jet was provided by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) aboard Hinode, and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Domeless Solar Telescope (DST) at Hida Observatory, Kyoto University. These plentiful data enabled us to present this series of papers to discuss all the processes of the observed phenomena, including <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage, event trigger, and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. In this paper, we focus on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process of the observed jet, and mainly describe our spectral analysis on the Hα data of DST to investigate the internal structure of the Hα jet and its temporal evolution. This analysis reveals that in the physical quantity distributions of the Hα jet, such as line-of-sight velocity and optical thickness, there is a significant gradient in the direction crossing the jet. We interpret this internal structure as the consequence of the migration of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> site, based on the idea of ubiquitous reconnection. Moreover, by measuring the horizontal flow of the fine structures in the jet, we succeeded in deriving the three-dimensional velocity field and the line-of-sight acceleration field of the Hα jet. The analysis result indicates that part of the ejecta in the Hα jet experienced <span class="hlt">additional</span> acceleration after it had been ejected from the lower atmosphere. This secondary acceleration was found to occur in the vicinity of the intersection between the trajectories of the Hα jet and the X-ray jet observed by Hinode/XRT. We propose that a fundamental cause of this phenomenon is magnetic reconnection involving the plasmoid in the observed jet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSH14B..05K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSH14B..05K"><span>Triggers and Manifestations of Flare <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> in the Low Atmosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kosovichev, A. G.; Sharykin, I. N.; Sadykov, V. M.; Vargas, S.; Zimovets, I. V.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The main goal is to understand triggers and manifestations of the flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere (the photosphere and chromosphere) using high-resolution optical observations and magnetic field measurements. As a case study we present results for an M-class flare. We analyze optical images, HMI Dopplergrams and vector magnetograms, and use Non-Linear Force-Free Field (NLFFF) extrapolation for reconstruction of the magnetic topology. The NLFFF modelling reveals interaction of oppositely directed magnetic flux-tubes in the Polarity Inversion Line (PIL). These two interacting magnetic flux tubes are observed as a compact sheared arcade along the PIL in the high-resolution broad-band continuum images from New Solar Telescope (NST). In the vicinity of the PIL, the NST H-alpha observations reveal formation of a thin three-ribbon structure corresponding to the small-scale photospheric magnetic arcade. Magnetic reconnection is triggered by two interacting magnetic flux tubes with forming current sheet extended along the PIL. Presented observational results evidence in favor of location of the primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> site in the dense chromosphere where plasma is partially ionized in the region of strong electric currents concentrated near the polarity inversion line.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790006996','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790006996"><span>Enclosure fire hazard analysis using relative <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> criteria. [burning rate and combustion control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Coulbert, C. D.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>A method for predicting the probable course of fire development in an enclosure is presented. This fire modeling approach uses a graphic plot of five fire development constraints, the relative <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> criteria (RERC), to bound the heat <span class="hlt">release</span> rates in an enclosure as a function of time. The five RERC are flame spread rate, fuel surface area, ventilation, enclosure volume, and total fuel load. They may be calculated versus time based on the specified or empirical conditions describing the specific enclosure, the fuel type and load, and the ventilation. The calculation of these five criteria, using the common basis of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates versus time, provides a unifying framework for the utilization of available experimental data from all phases of fire development. The plot of these criteria reveals the probable fire development envelope and indicates which fire constraint will be controlling during a criteria time period. Examples of RERC application to fire characterization and control and to hazard analysis are presented along with recommendations for the further development of the concept.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4676631','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4676631"><span>Effects of Nitrogen <span class="hlt">Addition</span> on Litter Decomposition and CO2 <span class="hlt">Release</span>: Considering Changes in Litter Quantity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Hui-Chao; Hu, Ya-Lin; Mao, Rong; Zhao, Qiong; Zeng, De-Hui</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This study aims to evaluate the impacts of changes in litter quantity under simulated N deposition on litter decomposition, CO2 <span class="hlt">release</span>, and soil C loss potential in a larch plantation in Northeast China. We conducted a laboratory incubation experiment using soil and litter collected from control and N <span class="hlt">addition</span> (100 kg ha−1 year−1 for 10 years) plots. Different quantities of litter (0, 1, 2 and 4 g) were placed on 150 g soils collected from the same plots and incubated in microcosms for 270 days. We found that increased litter input strongly stimulated litter decomposition rate and CO2 <span class="hlt">release</span> in both control and N fertilization microcosms, though reduced soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentration. Carbon input (C loss from litter decomposition) and carbon output (the cumulative C loss due to respiration) elevated with increasing litter input in both control and N fertilization microcosms. However, soil C loss potentials (C output–C input) reduced by 62% in control microcosms and 111% in N fertilization microcosms when litter <span class="hlt">addition</span> increased from 1 g to 4 g, respectively. Our results indicated that increased litter input had a potential to suppress soil organic C loss especially for N <span class="hlt">addition</span> plots. PMID:26657180</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27916951','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27916951"><span>Silica-Based and Borate-Based, Titania-Containing Bioactive Coatings Characterization: Critical Strain <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rate, Residual Stresses, Hardness, and Thermal Expansion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rodriguez, Omar; Matinmanesh, Ali; Phull, Sunjeev; Schemitsch, Emil H; Zalzal, Paul; Clarkin, Owen M; Papini, Marcello; Towler, Mark R</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Silica-based and borate-based glass series, with increasing amounts of TiO₂ incorporated, are characterized in terms of their mechanical properties relevant to their use as metallic coating materials. It is observed that borate-based glasses exhibit CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) closer to the substrate's (Ti6Al4V) CTE, translating into higher mode I critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of glasses and compressive residual stresses and strains at the coating/substrate interface, outperforming the silica-based glasses counterparts. An increase in the content of TiO₂ in the glasses results in an increase in the mode I critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate for both the bulk glass and for the coating/substrate system, proving that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of TiO₂ to the glass structure enhances its toughness, while decreasing its bulk hardness. Borate-based glass BRT3, with 15 mol % TiO₂ incorporated, exhibits superior properties overall compared to the other proposed glasses in this work, as well as 45S5 Bioglass ® and Pyrex.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5197991','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5197991"><span>Silica-Based and Borate-Based, Titania-Containing Bioactive Coatings Characterization: Critical Strain <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rate, Residual Stresses, Hardness, and Thermal Expansion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rodriguez, Omar; Matinmanesh, Ali; Phull, Sunjeev; Schemitsch, Emil H.; Zalzal, Paul; Clarkin, Owen M.; Papini, Marcello; Towler, Mark R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Silica-based and borate-based glass series, with increasing amounts of TiO2 incorporated, are characterized in terms of their mechanical properties relevant to their use as metallic coating materials. It is observed that borate-based glasses exhibit CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) closer to the substrate’s (Ti6Al4V) CTE, translating into higher mode I critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of glasses and compressive residual stresses and strains at the coating/substrate interface, outperforming the silica-based glasses counterparts. An increase in the content of TiO2 in the glasses results in an increase in the mode I critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate for both the bulk glass and for the coating/substrate system, proving that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of TiO2 to the glass structure enhances its toughness, while decreasing its bulk hardness. Borate-based glass BRT3, with 15 mol % TiO2 incorporated, exhibits superior properties overall compared to the other proposed glasses in this work, as well as 45S5 Bioglass® and Pyrex. PMID:27916951</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26512339','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26512339"><span>Effects of High-Intensity Training on Anaerobic and Aerobic Contributions to Total <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> During Repeated Supramaximal Exercise in Obese Adults.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jabbour, Georges; Iancu, Horia-Daniel; Paulin, Anne</p> <p></p> <p>Studying relative anaerobic and aerobic metabolism contributions to total <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> during exercise may be valuable in understanding exercise energetic demands and the energetic adaptations that occur in response to acute or chronic exercise in obese adults. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity training (HIT) on relative anaerobic and aerobic contributions to total <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and on peak power output during repeated supramaximal cycling exercises (SCE) in obese adults. Twenty-four obese adults (body mass index = ± 33 kg.m -2 ) were randomized into a control group ( n  = 12) and an HIT group ( n  = 12). Accumulated oxygen deficits (ml.min -1 ) and anaerobic and aerobic contributions (%) were measured in all groups before and after training via repeated SCE. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the peak power output performed during SCE was determined using the force-velocity test. Before HIT, anaerobic contributions to repeated SCE did not differ between the groups and decreased significantly during the third and fourth repetitions. After HIT, anaerobic contributions increased significantly in the HIT group (+11 %, p  < 0.01) and were significantly higher than those of the control group ( p  < 0.01). Moreover, the peak power obtained during SCE increased significantly in the HIT group (+110 W.kg -1 , p  < 0.01) and correlated positively with increases in anaerobic contributions ( r  = 0.9, p  < 0.01). In obese adults, HIT increased anaerobic contributions to <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> which were associated with peak power enhancement in response to repeated SCE. Consequently, HIT may be an appropriate approach for improving <span class="hlt">energy</span> contributions and muscle power among obese adults.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28267214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28267214"><span>The effect of <span class="hlt">additives</span> on <span class="hlt">release</span> and in vitro skin retention of flavonoids from emulsion and gel semisolid formulations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dyja, R; Jankowski, A</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>To assess the effect of two different <span class="hlt">additives</span> (propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400)) on <span class="hlt">release</span> and in vitro skin retention of quercetin and chrysin from semisolid bases (amphiphilic creams and acidic carbomer gels). For obtaining semisolid formulations, flavonoids were pre-dissolved in the liquid (PG or PEG 400) or directly suspended in the semisolid base. Three chrysin formulations ('cream 0', 'PG-cream' and 'PEG 400-cream') and five quercetin formulations ('cream 0', 'PG cream', 'PEG 400 cream', 'gel 0' and 'PG gel') were prepared. The <span class="hlt">release</span> studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cells by means of a cellulose membrane. The porcine ear skin was used in in vitro skin retention studies. The dissolution was a prerequisite to increase the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of tested flavonoids from obtained semisolid formulations. The cumulative amount of chrysin <span class="hlt">released</span> after 6 h from 'PEG 400 cream' containing partly dissolved form of that flavonoid was higher than that from 'cream 0' or 'PG cream' containing its suspended form. The formulations containing quercetin dissolved in PG ('PG cream', 'PG gel') or PEG 400 ('PEG 400 cream') exhibited higher <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of that flavonoid than corresponding semisolid suspensions ('cream 0' or 'gel 0'). The effects of both liquid <span class="hlt">additives</span> (PG and PEG 400) on the cumulative amount of quercetin <span class="hlt">released</span> after 6 h were comparable. However, there was no correlation between the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate and the skin retention. The amounts of the flavonoids found in the skin were strongly affected by the type of the used solvent. While PG increased the skin retention of both flavonoids, PEG 400 had no effect on chrysin skin retention and delayed quercetin skin absorption. The proper choice of the solvent added to the semisolid base is crucial for enhanced skin delivery of the tested flavonoids. PG is more efficient absorption promoter than PEG 400 of both chrysin and quercetin. © 2017 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Soci</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...854..178N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...854..178N"><span>Two-stage <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Process of a Confined Flare with Double HXR Peaks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ning, Hao; Chen, Yao; Wu, Zhao; Su, Yang; Tian, Hui; Li, Gang; Du, Guohui; Song, Hongqiang</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>A complete understanding of the onset and subsequent evolution of confined flares has not been achieved. Earlier studies mainly analyzed disk events so as to reveal their magnetic topology and the cause of confinement. In this study, taking advantage of a tandem of instruments working at different wavelengths of X-rays, EUVs, and microwaves, we present dynamic details about a confined flare observed on the northwestern limb of the solar disk on 2016 July 24. The entire dynamic evolutionary process starting from its onset is consistent with a loop–loop interaction scenario. The X-ray profiles manifest an intriguing double-peak feature. From the spectral fitting, it has been found that the first peak is nonthermally dominated, while the second peak is mostly multithermal with a hot (∼10 MK) and a super-hot (∼30 MK) component. This double-peak feature is unique in that the two peaks are clearly separated by 4 minutes, and the second peak reaches up to 25–50 keV in <span class="hlt">addition</span>, at <span class="hlt">energy</span> bands above 3 keV, the X-ray fluxes decline significantly between the two peaks. This, together with other available imaging and spectral data, manifest a two-stage <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process. A comprehensive analysis is carried out to investigate the nature of this two-stage process. We conclude that the second stage with the hot and super-hot sources mainly involves direct heating through a loop–loop reconnection at a relatively high altitude in the corona. The uniqueness of the event characteristics and the complete dataset make the study a nice <span class="hlt">addition</span> to present literature on solar flares.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CPL...693...66H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CPL...693...66H"><span>Tunneling and reflection in unimolecular reaction kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distributions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hansen, K.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distributions in unimolecular reactions is calculated with detailed balance theory, taking into account the tunneling and the reflection coefficient in three different types of transition states; (i) a saddle point corresponding to a standard RRKM-type theory, (ii) an attachment Langevin cross section, and (iii) an absorbing sphere potential at short range, without long range interactions. Corrections are significant in the one dimensional saddle point states. Very light and lightly bound absorbing systems will show measurable effects in decays from the absorbing sphere, whereas the Langevin cross section is essentially unchanged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22314728-procedure-recovery-pin-pin-fields-energy-release-core-vver-type-reactor-bipr-code','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22314728-procedure-recovery-pin-pin-fields-energy-release-core-vver-type-reactor-bipr-code"><span>Procedure of recovery of pin-by-pin fields of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the core of VVER-type reactor for the BIPR-8 code</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gordienko, P. V., E-mail: gorpavel@vver.kiae.ru; Kotsarev, A. V.; Lizorkin, M. P.</p> <p>2014-12-15</p> <p>The procedure of recovery of pin-by-pin <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> fields for the BIPR-8 code and the algorithm of the BIPR-8 code which is used in nodal computation of the reactor core and on which the recovery of pin-by-pin fields of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is based are briefly described. The description and results of the verification using the module of recovery of pin-by-pin <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> fields and the TVS-M program are given.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801469','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801469"><span>Food <span class="hlt">additives</span> such as sodium sulphite, sodium benzoate and curcumin inhibit leptin <span class="hlt">release</span> in lipopolysaccharide-treated murine adipocytes in vitro.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ciardi, Christian; Jenny, Marcel; Tschoner, Alexander; Ueberall, Florian; Patsch, Josef; Pedrini, Michael; Ebenbichler, Christoph; Fuchs, Dietmar</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Obesity leads to the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, resulting in a state of low-grade inflammation. Recently, several studies have shown that the exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could initiate and maintain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation in obese people. As the daily intake of food <span class="hlt">additives</span> has increased substantially, the aim of the present study was to investigate a potential influence of food <span class="hlt">additives</span> on the <span class="hlt">release</span> of leptin, IL-6 and nitrite in the presence of LPS in murine adipocytes. Leptin, IL-6 and nitrite concentrations were analysed in the supernatants of murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes after co-incubation with LPS and the food preservatives, sodium sulphite (SS), sodium benzoate (SB) and the spice and colourant, curcumin, for 24 h. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the kinetics of leptin secretion was analysed. A significant and dose-dependent decrease in leptin was observed after incubating the cells with SB and curcumin for 12 and 24 h, whereas SS decreased leptin concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Moreover, SS increased, while curcumin decreased LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-6, whereas SB had no such effect. None of the compounds that were investigated influenced nitrite production. The food <span class="hlt">additives</span> SS, SB and curcumin affect the leptin <span class="hlt">release</span> after co-incubation with LPS from cultured adipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Decreased leptin <span class="hlt">release</span> during the consumption of nutrition-derived food <span class="hlt">additives</span> could decrease the amount of circulating leptin to which the central nervous system is exposed and may therefore contribute to an obesogenic environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25615343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25615343"><span>Fluctuations of global <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and crackling in nominally brittle heterogeneous fracture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barés, J; Hattali, M L; Dalmas, D; Bonamy, D</p> <p>2014-12-31</p> <p>The temporal evolution of mechanical <span class="hlt">energy</span> and spatially averaged crack speed are both monitored in slowly fracturing artificial rocks. Both signals display an irregular burstlike dynamics, with power-law distributed fluctuations spanning a broad range of scales. Yet, the elastic power <span class="hlt">released</span> at each time step is proportional to the global velocity all along the process, which enables defining a material-constant fracture <span class="hlt">energy</span>. We characterize the intermittent dynamics by computing the burst statistics. This latter displays the scale-free features signature of crackling dynamics, in qualitative but not quantitative agreement with the depinning interface models derived for fracture problems. The possible sources of discrepancies are pointed out and discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802110','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802110"><span>Base <span class="hlt">Release</span> and Modification in Solid-Phase DNA Exposed to Low-<span class="hlt">Energy</span> Electrons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choofong, Surakarn; Cloutier, Pierre; Sanche, Léon; Wagner, J Richard</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Ionization generates a large number of secondary low-<span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons (LEEs) with a most probable <span class="hlt">energy</span> of approximately 10 eV, which can break DNA bonds by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and lead to DNA damage. In this study, we investigated radiation damage to dry DNA induced by X rays (1.5 keV) alone on a glass substrate or X rays combined with extra LEEs (average <span class="hlt">energy</span> of 5.8 eV) emitted from a tantalum (Ta) substrate under an atmosphere of N 2 and standard ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. The targets included calf-thymus DNA and double-stranded synthetic oligonucleotides. We developed analytical methods to measure the <span class="hlt">release</span> of non-modified DNA bases from DNA and the formation of several base modifications by LC-MS/MS with isotopic dilution for precise quantification. The results show that the yield of non-modified bases as well as base modifications increase by 20-30% when DNA is deposited on a Ta substrate compared to that on a glass substrate. The order of base <span class="hlt">release</span> (Gua > Ade > Thy ∼ Cyt) agrees well with several theoretical studies indicating that Gua is the most susceptible site toward sugar-phosphate cleavage. The formation of DNA damage by LEEs is explained by DEA leading to the <span class="hlt">release</span> of non-modified bases involving the initial cleavage of N1-C1', C3'-O3' or C5'-O5' bonds. The yield of base modifications was lower than the <span class="hlt">release</span> of non-modified bases. The main LEE-induced base modifications include 5,6-dihydrothymine (5,6-dHT), 5,6-dihydrouracil (5-dHU), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-HmU) and 5-formyluracil (5-ForU). The formation of base modifications by LEEs can be explained by DEA and cleavage of the C-H bond of the methyl group of Thy (giving 5-HmU and 5-ForU) and by secondary reactions of H atoms and hydride anions that are generated by primary LEE reactions followed by subsequent reaction with Cyt and Thy (giving 5,6-dHU and 5,6-dHT).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790006995','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790006995"><span>Application of the relative <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> criteria to enclosure fire testing. [aircraft compartments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Roschke, E. J.; Coulbert, C. D.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The five relative <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> criteria (RERC) which are a first step towards formulating a unified concept that can be applied to the development of fires in enclosures, place upper bounds on the rate and amount of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> during a fire. They are independent, calculated readily, and may be applied generally to any enclosure regardless of size. They are useful in pretest planning and for interpreting experimental data. Data from several specific fire test programs were examined to evaluate the potential use of RERC to provide test planning guidelines. The RERC were compared with experimental data obtained in full-scale enclosures. These results confirm that in general the RERC do identify the proper limiting constraints on enclosure fire development and determine the bounds of the fire development envelope. Plotting actual fire data against the RERC reveals new valid insights into fire behavior and reveals the controlling constraints in fire development. The RERC were calculated and plotted for several descrpitions of full-scale fires in various aircraft compartments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf"><span>48 CFR 204.470 - U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. 204.470 Section 204.470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... Information Within Industry 204.470 U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf"><span>48 CFR 204.470 - U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. 204.470 Section 204.470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... Information Within Industry 204.470 U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf"><span>48 CFR 204.470 - U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. 204.470 Section 204.470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... Information Within Industry 204.470 U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf"><span>48 CFR 204.470 - U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. 204.470 Section 204.470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... Information Within Industry 204.470 U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title48-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title48-vol3-sec204-470.pdf"><span>48 CFR 204.470 - U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. 204.470 Section 204.470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... Information Within Industry 204.470 U.S.-International Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Agency <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Protocol. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IAUS..327...94D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IAUS..327...94D"><span>Understanding the connection between the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> during solar flares and their emission in the lower atmosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>da Costa, F. Rubio</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>While progress has been made on understanding how <span class="hlt">energy</span> is <span class="hlt">released</span> and deposited along the solar atmosphere during explosive events such as solar flares, the chromospheric and coronal heating through the sudden <span class="hlt">release</span> of magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> remain an open problem in solar physics. Recent hydrodynamic models allow to investigate the <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition along a flare loop and to study the response of the chromosphere. These results have been improved with the consideration of transport and acceleration of particles along the loop. RHESSI and Fermi/GBM X-ray and gamma-ray observations help to constrain the spectral properties of the injected electrons. The excellent spatial, spectral and temporal resolution of IRIS will also help us to constrain properties of explosive events, such as the continuum emission during flares or their emission in the chromosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PAN....80.1683K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PAN....80.1683K"><span>Computer Simulation of Compression and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> upon Laser Irradiation of Cylindrically Symmetric Target</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuzenov, V. V.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The paper is devoted to the theoretical and computational study of compression and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> for magneto-inertial plasma confinement. This approach makes it possible to create new high-density plasma sources, apply them in materials science experiments, and use them in promising areas of power engineering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070038346','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070038346"><span>A Semi-Analytical Method for Determining the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rate of Cracks in Adhesively-Bonded Single-Lap Composite Joints</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Charles; Sun, Wenjun; Tomblin, John S.; Smeltzer, Stanley S., III</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>A semi-analytical method for determining the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate due to a prescribed interface crack in an adhesively-bonded, single-lap composite joint subjected to axial tension is presented. The field equations in terms of displacements within the joint are formulated by using first-order shear deformable, laminated plate theory together with kinematic relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. Based on the adhesive stress distributions, the forces at the crack tip are obtained and the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of the crack is determined by using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, the test specimen geometry from both the ASTM D3165 and D1002 test standards are utilized during the derivation of the field equations in order to correlate analytical models with future test results. The system of second-order differential field equations is solved to provide the adherend and adhesive stress response using the symbolic computation tool, Maple 9. Finite element analyses using J-integral as well as VCCT were performed to verify the developed analytical model. The finite element analyses were conducted using the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The results determined using the analytical method correlated well with the results from the finite element analyses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27523328','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27523328"><span>Kinetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> of the Singly and Doubly Charged Methylene Chloride Molecule: The Role of Fast Dissociation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alcantara, K F; Rocha, A B; Gomes, A H A; Wolff, W; Sigaud, L; Santos, A C F</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>The center of mass kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distribution (KERD) spectra of selected ionic fragments, formed through dissociative single and double photoionization of CH2Cl2 at photon <span class="hlt">energies</span> around the Cl 2p edge, were extracted from the shape and width of the experimentally obtained time-of-flight (TOF) distributions. The KERD spectra exhibit either smooth profiles or structures, depending on the moiety and photon <span class="hlt">energy</span>. In general, the heavier the ionic fragments, the lower their average KERDs are. In contrast, the light H(+) fragments are observed with kinetic <span class="hlt">energies</span> centered around 4.5-5.5 eV, depending on the photon <span class="hlt">energy</span>. It was observed that the change in the photon <span class="hlt">energy</span> involves a change in the KERDs, indicating different processes or transitions taking place in the breakup process. In the particular case of double ionization with the ejection of two charged fragments, the KERDs present have characteristics compatible with the Coulombic fragmentation model. Intending to interpret the experimental data, singlet and triplet states at Cl 2p edge of the CH2Cl2 molecule, corresponding to the Cl (2p → 10a1*) and Cl (2p → 4b1*) transitions, were calculated at multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) level and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI). These states were selected to form the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements, which after diagonalization result in a spin-orbit manifold. Minimum <span class="hlt">energy</span> pathways for dissociation of the molecule were <span class="hlt">additionally</span> calculated aiming to give support to the presence of the ultrafast dissociation mechanism in the molecular breakup.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27356202','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27356202"><span>Removing <span class="hlt">energy</span> from a beverage influences later food intake more than the same <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">addition</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCrickerd, K; Salleh, N B; Forde, C G</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Designing reduced-calorie foods and beverages without compromising their satiating effect could benefit weight management, assuming that consumers do not compensate for the missing calories at other meals. Though research has demonstrated that compensation for overfeeding is relatively limited, the extent to which <span class="hlt">energy</span> reductions trigger adjustments in later food intake is less clear. The current study tested satiety responses (characterised by changes in appetite and later food intake) to both a covert 200 kcal reduction and an <span class="hlt">addition</span> of maltodextrin to a soymilk test beverage. Twenty-nine healthy male participants were recruited to consume three sensory-matched soymilk beverages across four non-consecutive study days: a medium <span class="hlt">energy</span> control (ME: 300 kcal) and a lower <span class="hlt">energy</span> (LE: 100 kcal) and higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> (HE: 500 kcal) version. The ME control was consumed twice to assess individual consistency in responses to this beverage. Participants were unaware of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> differences across the soymilks. Lunch intake 60 min later increased in response to the LE soymilk, but was unchanged after consuming the HE version. These adjustments accounted for 40% of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> removed from the soymilk and 13% of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> added in. Rated appetite was relatively unaffected by the soymilk <span class="hlt">energy</span> content. No further adjustments were noted for the rest of the day. These data suggest that adult men tested were more sensitive to calorie dilution than calorie <span class="hlt">addition</span> to a familiar beverage. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AIPC..955..885Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AIPC..955..885Z"><span>Post-Detonation <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Tnt-Aluminum Explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Fan; Anderson, John; Yoshinaka, Akio</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>TNT and TNT-aluminum composites were experimentally studied in an air-filled 26 m3 chamber for charge masses ranging from 1.1 to 4 kg. Large aluminum mass fractions (35 to 50%wt.) and particle sizes (36 μm) were combined with TNT in two configurations, whereby the aluminum particles were uniformly mixed in cast TNT or arranged into a shell surrounding a cast TNT cylinder. The results show that improved performance is achieved for the shell configuration versus the mixed version during the early afterburning phase (10-40 ms), while both approach the same quasi-static explosion overpressure (QSP) after a long duration. The QSP ratios with respect to TNT in nitrogen are in good agreement with equilibrium predictions. Thus, the large aluminum mass fraction improves spatial mixing of hot fuels with oxidizing gases in the detonation products and chamber air, resulting in more efficient afterburning <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890038958&hterms=end+theory&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DThe%2Bend%2Btheory','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890038958&hterms=end+theory&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DThe%2Bend%2Btheory"><span>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Salpekar, S. A.; Raju, I. S.; O'Brien, T. K.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Two-dimensional finite-element analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen was performed using 8-node isoparametric, parabolic elements to evaluate compliance and mode II strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates, G sub II. The G sub II values were computed using two different techniques: the virtual crack-closure technique (VCCT) and the rate of change of compliance with crack length (compliance derivative method). The analysis was performed for various crack-length-to-semi-span (a/L) ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. Three material systems representing a wide range of material properties were analyzed. The compliance and strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of the specimen calculated with the present finite-element analysis agree very well with beam theory equations including transverse shear. The G sub II values calculated using the compliance derivative method compared extremely well with those calculated using the VCCT. The G sub II values obtained by the compliance derivative method using the top or bottom beam deflections agreed closely with each other. The strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates from a plane-stress analysis were higher than the plane-strain values by only a small percentage, indicating that either assumption may be used in the analysis. The G sub II values for one material system calculated from the finte-element analysis agreed with one solution in the literature and disagreed with the other solution in the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880004353','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880004353"><span>Strain-<span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Salpekar, S. A.; Raju, I. S.; Obrien, T. K.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Two-dimensional finite-element analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen was performed using 8-node isoparametric, parabolic elements to evaluate compliance and mode II strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates, G sub II. The G sub II values were computed using two different techniques: the virtural crack-closure technique (VCCT) and the rate of change of compliance with crack length (compliance derivative method). The analysis was performed for various crack-length-to-semi-span (a/L) ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. Three material systems representing a wide range of material properties were analyzed. The compliance and strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of the specimen calculated with the present finite-element analysis agree very well with beam theory equations including transverse shear. The G sub II values calculated using the compliance derivative method compared extremely well with those calculated using the VCCT. The G sub II values obtained by the compliance derivative method using the top or bottom beam deflections agreed closely with each other. The strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates from a plane-stress analysis were higher than the plane-strain values by only a small percentage, indicating that either assumption may be used in the analysis. The G sub II values for one material system calculated from the finite-element analysis agreed with one solution in the literature and disagreed with the other solution in the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/32776','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/32776"><span>Relationships between <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>, fuel mass loss, and trace gas and aerosol emissions during laboratory biomass fires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Patrick H. Freeborn; Martin J. Wooster; Wei Min Hao; Cecily A. Nordgren Ryan; Stephen P. Baker; Charles Ichoku</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Forty-four small-scale experimental fires were conducted in a combustion chamber to examine the relationship between biomass consumption, smoke production, convective <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>, and middle infrared (MIR) measurements of fire radiative <span class="hlt">energy</span> (FRE). Fuel bed weights, trace gas and aerosol particle concentrations, stack flow rate and temperature, and concurrent...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPA....8c5013J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPA....8c5013J"><span>The effect of explosive percentage on underwater explosion <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and octogen based aluminized explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiao, Qingjie; Wang, Qiushi; Nie, Jianxin; Guo, Xueyong; Zhang, Wei; Fan, Wenqi</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>To control the explosion <span class="hlt">energy</span> output by optimizing explosive components is a key requirement in a number of different application areas. The effect of different Al/O Ratio on underwater explosion of aluminized explosives has been studied detailedly. However, the effect of explosive percentage in the same Al/O Ratio is rarely researched, especially for Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) based aluminized explosives. In this study, we performed the underwater explosion experiments with 1.2-kilogram explosives in order to investigate the explosion <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> from CL-20 and Octogen (HMX) based aluminized explosives. The percentage of the explosive varied from 5% to 30% and it is shown that: the shockwave peak pressure (pm) grows gradually; shock wave <span class="hlt">energy</span> (Es) continues increasing, bubble <span class="hlt">energy</span> (Eb) increases then decreases peaking at 15% for both formulas, and the total <span class="hlt">energy</span> (E) and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate (η) peak at 20% for CL-20 and 15% for HMX. This paper outlines the physical mechanism of Eb change under the influence of an aluminium initial reaction temperature and reaction active detonation product percentage coupling. The result shows that CL-20 is superior as a new high explosive and has promising application prospects in the regulation of explosive <span class="hlt">energy</span> output for underwater explosives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259957','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259957"><span>Sludge thermal oxidation processes: mineral recycling, <span class="hlt">energy</span> impact, and greenhouse effect gases <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guibelin, E</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Different treatment routes have been studied for a mixed sludge: the conventional agricultural use is compared with the thermal oxidation processes, including incineration (in gaseous phase) and wet air oxidation (in liquid phase). The interest of a sludge digestion prior to the final treatment has been also considered according to the two major criteria, which are the fossil <span class="hlt">energy</span> utilisation and the greenhouse effect gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) <span class="hlt">release</span>. Thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> has to be recovered on thermal processes to make these processes environmentally friendly, otherwise their main interest is to extract or destroy micropollutants and pathogens from the carbon cycle. In case of continuous <span class="hlt">energy</span> recovery, incineration can produce more <span class="hlt">energy</span> than it consumes. Digestion is especially interesting for agriculture: according to these two schemes, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> final balance can also be in excess. As to wet air oxidation, it is probably one of the best ways to minimize greenhouse effect gases emission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1227622','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1227622"><span>Two step novel hydrogen system using <span class="hlt">additives</span> to enhance hydrogen <span class="hlt">release</span> from the hydrolysis of alane and activated aluminum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Zidan, Ragaiy; Teprovich, Joseph A.; Motyka, Theodore</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>A system for the generation of hydrogen for use in portable power systems is set forth utilizing a two-step process that involves the thermal decomposition of AlH.sub.3 (10 wt % H.sub.2) followed by the hydrolysis of the activated aluminum (Al*) byproduct to <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">additional</span> H.sub.2. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, a process in which water is added directly without prior history to the AlH.sub.3:PA composite is also disclosed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150010747&hterms=corona&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcorona','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150010747&hterms=corona&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcorona"><span>Spatiotemporal Organization of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Events in the Quiet Solar Corona</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Uritsky, Vadim M.; Davila, Joseph M.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Using data from the STEREO and SOHO spacecraft, we show that temporal organization of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> events in the quiet solar corona is close to random, in contrast to the clustered behavior of flaring times in solar active regions. The locations of the quiet-Sun events follow the meso- and supergranulation pattern of the underling photosphere. Together with earlier reports of the scale-free event size statistics, our findings suggest that quiet solar regions responsible for bulk coronal heating operate in a driven self-organized critical state, possibly involving long-range Alfvenic interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703595','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703595"><span>Influence of lactose <span class="hlt">addition</span> to gentamicin-loaded acrylic bone cement on the kinetics of <span class="hlt">release</span> of the antibiotic and the cement properties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frutos, Gloria; Pastor, José Ygnacio; Martínez, Noelia; Virto, María Rosa; Torrado, Susana</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to characterize a poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement that was loaded with the antibiotic gentamicin sulphate (GS) and lactose, which served to modulate the <span class="hlt">release</span> of GS from cement specimens. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of GS when the cement specimens were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees Celsius was determined spectrophotometrically. The microstructure, porosity, density, tensile properties and flexural properties of the cements were determined before and after <span class="hlt">release</span> of GS. A kinetics model of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of GS from the cement that involved a coupled mechanism based on dissolution/diffusion processes and an initial burst effect was proposed. Dissolution assay results showed that drug elution was controlled by a diffusion mechanism which can be modulated by lactose <span class="hlt">addition</span>. Density values and mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness) were reduced by the increased porosity resulting from lactose <span class="hlt">addition</span>, but maintained acceptable values for the structural functions of bone cement. The present results suggest that lactose-modified, gentamicin-loaded acrylic bone cements are potential candidates for use in various orthopaedic and dental applications. Copyright 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133908','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133908"><span>Optically-controlled long-term storage and <span class="hlt">release</span> of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> in phase-change materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Grace G D; Li, Huashan; Grossman, Jeffrey C</p> <p>2017-11-13</p> <p>Thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage offers enormous potential for a wide range of <span class="hlt">energy</span> technologies. Phase-change materials offer state-of-the-art thermal storage due to high latent heat. However, spontaneous heat loss from thermally charged phase-change materials to cooler surroundings occurs due to the absence of a significant <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for the liquid-solid transition. This prevents control over the thermal storage, and developing effective methods to address this problem has remained an elusive goal. Herein, we report a combination of photo-switching dopants and organic phase-change materials as a way to introduce an activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for phase-change materials solidification and to conserve thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the materials, allowing them to be triggered optically to <span class="hlt">release</span> their stored latent heat. This approach enables the retention of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> (about 200 J g -1 ) in the materials for at least 10 h at temperatures lower than the original crystallization point, unlocking opportunities for portable thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH43A2805I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH43A2805I"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> from a stream of infalling prominence debris on 2011 September 7-8</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Inglis, A. R.; Gilbert, H. R.; Ofman, L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In recent years high-resolution and high-cadence EUV imaging has revealed a new phenomenon, impacting prominence debris, where prominence material from failed or partial eruptions can impact the lower atmosphere and <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span>. We present a clear example of this phenomenon occurring on 2011 September 7-8. The initial eruption of prominence material was associated with an X1.8-class flare from AR11283, occurring at 22:30 UT on 2011 September 7, resulting in a semi-continuous stream of this material returning to the solar surface between 00:20 - 00:40 UT on 2011 September 8. A substantial area remote from the original active region experienced brightening in multiple EUV channels observed by SDO/AIA. Using the differential emission measure, we estimated the energetic properties of this event. We found that the radiated <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the impacted plasma was of order 10^27 ergs, while the upper limit on the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> peaked at 10^28 ergs. Based on these estimates we were able to determine the mass content of the debris to be in the range 2x10^14 < m < 2x10^15 g. Given typical promimence masses, the likely debris mass is towards the lower end of this range. This clear example of a prominence debris event shows that significant <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> takes place during these events, and that such impacts may be used as a novel diagnostic tool for investigating prominence material properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.B41E0368K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.B41E0368K"><span>Influence of ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> on dispersion of aggregates and <span class="hlt">released</span> amounts of organic matter and polyvalent cations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kaiser, M.; Kleber, M.; Berhe, A. A.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Aggregates play important roles in soil carbon storage and stabilization. Identification of scale-dependent mechanisms of soil aggregate formation and stability is necessary to predict and eventually manage the flow of carbon through terrestrial ecosystems. Application of ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> is a common tool to disperse soil aggregates. In this study, we used ultra sonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (100 to 2000 J cm-3) to determine the amount of polyvalent cations and organic matter involved in aggregation processes in three arable and three forest soils that varied in soil mineral composition. To determine the amount of organic matter and cations <span class="hlt">released</span> after application of different amount of ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span>, we removed the coarse fraction (>250 µm). The remaining residue (<250 µm) was mixed with water and ultrasonically dispersed by application of 100, 200, 400, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 J cm-3 <span class="hlt">energy</span>. After centrifugation the supernatant was filtered and the solid residue freeze dried before we analyzed the amounts of water-extracted organic carbon (OC), Fe, Al, Ca, Mn, and Mg in the filtrates. The extracted OM and solid residues were further characterized by Fourier Transformed Infra Red spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our results show a linear increase in amount of dissolved OC with increasing amounts of ultra sonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> up to 1500 J cm-3 indicating maximum dispersion of soil aggregates at this <span class="hlt">energy</span> level independent from soil type or land use. In contrast to Mn, and Mg, the amounts of dissolved Ca, Fe, and Al increase with increasing ultra sonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> up to 1500 J cm-3. At 1500 J cm-3, the absolute amounts of OC, Ca, Fe, and Al <span class="hlt">released</span> were specific for each soil type, likely indicating differences in type of OM-mineral interactions involved in micro-scaled aggregation processes. The amounts of dissolved Fe, and Al <span class="hlt">released</span> after an application of 1500 J cm-3 are not related to oxalate- and dithionite- extractable, or total Al content indicating less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720019047','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720019047"><span>Liquid rocket performance computer model with distributed <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Combs, L. P.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>Development of a computer program for analyzing the effects of bipropellant spray combustion processes on liquid rocket performance is described and discussed. The distributed <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> (DER) computer program was designed to become part of the JANNAF liquid rocket performance evaluation methodology and to account for performance losses associated with the propellant combustion processes, e.g., incomplete spray gasification, imperfect mixing between sprays and their reacting vapors, residual mixture ratio striations in the flow, and two-phase flow effects. The DER computer program begins by initializing the combustion field at the injection end of a conventional liquid rocket engine, based on injector and chamber design detail, and on propellant and combustion gas properties. It analyzes bipropellant combustion, proceeding stepwise down the chamber from those initial conditions through the nozzle throat.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10194596','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10194596"><span>Interaction of two diclofenac acid salts with copolymers of ammoniomethacrylate: effect of <span class="hlt">additives</span> and <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalil, E; Sallam, A</p> <p>1999-04-01</p> <p>The copolymer of ammoniomethacrylate Eudragit RL (ERL) interacted with diclofenac acid salts (sodium and diethylamine salts) in aqueous solutions, forming a complex. Sorption experiments were done in aqueous solutions of either sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Tween 20, or Tween 80. The SLS competed strongly with the drug, even at low concentrations, and reduced significantly the amount of drug sorbed by ERL. Tweens at high concentrations exhibited two phase profiles: the sorption phase, which was short and during which drug concentration dropped sharply, and the <span class="hlt">release</span> phase, during which the drug was <span class="hlt">released</span> slowly over 24 hr and which was accompanied by dispersion of ERL particles into the colloidal dispersion. The interaction was dependent on temperature, ionic strength, and nature of the <span class="hlt">additives</span>. The extent of interaction in water and phosphate buffer solutions was in the following order: water > pH 6 > pH 7-8. In-vitro dissolution studies of the dried complex were done over 24 hr. In water, the drug remained bound to the polymer. In aqueous surfactant solutions (SLS, Tween 20, and Tween 80) and phosphate buffer at pH 6.8, a linear relationship between drug concentration and the square root of time was obtained, indicating a matrix diffusion-controlled mechanism. However, 100% <span class="hlt">release</span> was not reached, and resorption was observed in the phosphate buffer solution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900052352&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900052352&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy"><span>Observational clues to the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process in impulsive solar bursts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Batchelor, David</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The nature of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process that produces impulsive bursts of hard X-rays and microwaves during solar flares is discussed, based on new evidence obtained using the method of Crannell et al. (1978). It is shown that the hard X-ray spectral index gamma is negatively correlated with the microwave peak frequency, suggesting a common source for the microwaves and X-rays. The thermal and nonthermal models are compared. It is found that the most straightforward explanations for burst time behavior are shock-wave particle acceleration in the nonthermal model and thermal conduction fronts in the thermal model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1097780','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1097780"><span>Large-scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticulate-based Lubrication <span class="hlt">Additives</span> for Improved <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Efficiency and Reduced Emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Erdemir, Ali</p> <p></p> <p> greenhouse gas emissions was also a major reason. The transportation sector alone consumes about 13 million barrels of crude oil per day (nearly 60% of which is imported) and is responsible for about 30% of the CO{sub 2} emission. When we consider manufacturing and other <span class="hlt">energy</span>-intensive industrial processes, the amount of petroleum being consumed due to friction and wear reaches more than 20 million barrels per day (from official <span class="hlt">energy</span> statistics, U.S. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Information Administration). Frequent remanufacturing and/or replacement of worn parts due to friction-, wear-, and scuffing-related degradations also consume significant amounts of <span class="hlt">energy</span> and give rise to <span class="hlt">additional</span> CO{sub 2} emission. Overall, the total annual cost of friction- and wear-related <span class="hlt">energy</span> and material losses is estimated to be rather significant (i.e., as much as 5% of the gross national products of highly industrialized nations). It is projected that more than half of the total friction- and wear-related <span class="hlt">energy</span> losses can be recovered by developing and implementing advanced friction and wear control technologies. In transportation vehicles alone, 10% to 15% of the fuel <span class="hlt">energy</span> is spent to overcome friction. If we can cut down the friction- and wear-related <span class="hlt">energy</span> losses by half, then we can potentially save up to 1.5 million barrels of petroleum per day. Also, less friction and wear would mean less <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption as well as less carbon emissions and hazardous byproducts being generated and <span class="hlt">released</span> to the environment. New and more robust anti-friction and -wear control technologies may thus have a significant positive impact on improving the efficiency and environmental cleanliness of the current legacy fleet and future transportation systems. Effective control of friction in other industrial sectors such as manufacturing, power generation, mining and oil exploration, and agricultural and earthmoving machinery may bring more <span class="hlt">energy</span> savings. Therefore, this project was timely and responsive to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740013783','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740013783"><span>Automated microbial metabolism laboratory. [design of advanced labeled <span class="hlt">release</span> experiment based on single <span class="hlt">addition</span> of soil and multiple sequential <span class="hlt">additions</span> of media into test chambers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The design and rationale of an advanced labeled <span class="hlt">release</span> experiment based on single <span class="hlt">addition</span> of soil and multiple sequential <span class="hlt">additions</span> of media into each of four test chambers are outlined. The feasibility for multiple <span class="hlt">addition</span> tests was established and various details of the methodology were studied. The four chamber battery of tests include: (1) determination of the effect of various atmospheric gases and selection of that gas which produces an optimum response; (2) determination of the effect of incubation temperature and selection of the optimum temperature for performing Martian biochemical tests; (3) sterile soil is dosed with a battery of C-14 labeled substrates and subjected to experimental temperature range; and (4) determination of the possible inhibitory effects of water on Martian organisms is performed initially by dosing with 0.01 ml and 0.5 ml of medium, respectively. A series of specifically labeled substrates are then added to obtain patterns in metabolic 14CO2 (C-14)O2 evolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974798','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974798"><span>Fluoride <span class="hlt">releasing</span> and enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets by fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> composite containing nanoparticles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Melo, Mary A S; Morais, Weslanny A; Passos, Vanara F; Lima, Juliana P M; Rodrigues, Lidiany K A</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Fluoride-containing materials have been suggested to control enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets during the treatment with fixed appliances. The improvement of their properties has been made through innovations, such as the application of nanotechnology by incorporation of nanofillers. This in vitro study evaluated the capacity of fluoride <span class="hlt">releasing</span> and enamel demineralization inhibition of fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanofilled cement around orthodontic brackets using an artificial caries biofilm model. Forty bovine enamel discs were selected by evaluating surface microhardness and randomized into four groups (n = 10): non-fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> microfilled composite, fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> microfilled composite, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanofilled composite (FN). After brackets bonding in each disc, the specimens were subjected to a cariogenic challenge through a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. After the experimental period, the biofilm formed around the brackets was collected for fluoride analysis and the mineral loss around the brackets was determined by integrated demineralization via cross-sectional microhardness measurement at 20 and 70 μm from the bracket margin. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, samples of each group were subjected to <span class="hlt">energy</span>-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA followed by Tukey test were applied for fluoride concentration and mineral loss data, respectively. At both distances, only RMGI statistically differed from the other groups presenting the lowest demineralization, although there was a trend to a lower demineralization of enamel around brackets in FN group. Similar condition was found to fluoride concentration and EDX/SEM analysis. Under the cariogenic exposure condition of this study, the fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanofilled material had similar performance to fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> microfilled materials. The presence of nanofillers in the fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726419','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726419"><span>Experimental and modeling studies of ultrasound-assisted <span class="hlt">release</span> of phenolics from oak chips into model wine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tao, Yang; Zhang, Zhihang; Sun, Da-Wen</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>The enhancement of <span class="hlt">release</span> of oak-related compounds from oak chips during wine aging with oak chips may interest the winemaking industry. In this study, the 25-kHz ultrasound waves were used to intensify the mass transfer of phenolics from oak chips into a model wine. The influences of acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> density (6.3-25.8 W/L) and temperature (15-25 °C) on the <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics of total phenolics were investigated systematically. The results exhibited that the total phenolic yield <span class="hlt">released</span> was not affected by acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> density significantly whereas it increased with the increase of temperature during sonication. Furthermore, to describe the mechanism of mass transfer of phenolics in model wine under ultrasonic field, the <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics of total phenolics was simulated by both a second-order kinetic model and a diffusion model. The modeling results revealed that the equilibrium concentration of total phenolics in model wine, the initial <span class="hlt">release</span> rate and effective diffusivity of total phenolics generally increased with acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> density and temperature. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, temperature had a negative effect on the second-order <span class="hlt">release</span> rate constant whereas acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> density had an opposite effect. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22614032-energy-release-temperature-field-ultracold-neutron-source-wwr-reactor-petersburg-nuclear-physics-institute','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22614032-energy-release-temperature-field-ultracold-neutron-source-wwr-reactor-petersburg-nuclear-physics-institute"><span>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and temperature field in the ultracold neutron source of the WWR-M reactor at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Serebrov, A. P., E-mail: serebrov@pnpi.spb.ru; Kislitsin, B. V.; Onegin, M. S.</p> <p>2016-12-15</p> <p>Results of calculations of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releases</span> and temperature fields in the ultracold neutron source under design at the WWR-M reactor are presented. It is shown that, with the reactor power of 18 MW, the power of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in the 40-L volume of the source with superfluid helium will amount to 28.5 W, while 356 W will be <span class="hlt">released</span> in a liquid-deuterium premoderator. The lead shield between the reactor core and the source reduces the radiative heat <span class="hlt">release</span> by an order of magnitude. A thermal power of 22 kW is <span class="hlt">released</span> in it, which is removed by passage of water.more » The distribution of temperatures in all components of the vacuum structure is presented, and the temperature does not exceed 100°C at full reactor power. The calculations performed make it possible to go to design of the source.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516406','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516406"><span>Short Term Innovative Research Program: Nanoengineered Reactive Materials for Tunable Ignition and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background Most conventional explosives can be roughly categorized into two classes – molecular materials and intermolecular composites. Molecular...materials refer to species such as the nitroalkanes (e.g. nitromethane ) and cyclic nitramines (e.g. TNAZ, RDX, HMX) that <span class="hlt">release</span> chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span>...alternative to conventional explosives that has been gaining increasing interest have been termed reactive materials, and are defined as systems in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1419730','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1419730"><span>MCNP Version 6.2 <span class="hlt">Release</span> Notes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Werner, Christopher John; Bull, Jeffrey S.; Solomon, C. J.</p> <p></p> <p>Monte Carlo N-Particle or MCNP ® is a general-purpose Monte Carlo radiation-transport code designed to track many particle types over broad ranges of <span class="hlt">energies</span>. This MCNP Version 6.2 follows the MCNP6.1.1 beta version and has been <span class="hlt">released</span> in order to provide the radiation transport community with the latest feature developments and bug fixes for MCNP. Since the last <span class="hlt">release</span> of MCNP major work has been conducted to improve the code base, add features, and provide tools to facilitate ease of use of MCNP version 6.2 as well as the analysis of results. These <span class="hlt">release</span> notes serve as a general guidemore » for the new/improved physics, source, data, tallies, unstructured mesh, code enhancements and tools. For more detailed information on each of the topics, please refer to the appropriate references or the user manual which can be found at http://mcnp.lanl.gov. This <span class="hlt">release</span> of MCNP version 6.2 contains 39 new features in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to 172 bug fixes and code enhancements. There are still some 33 known issues the user should familiarize themselves with (see Appendix).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1184278-linear-free-energy-correlations-fission-product-release-from-fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-accident','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1184278-linear-free-energy-correlations-fission-product-release-from-fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-accident"><span>Linear Free <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Correlations for Fission Product <span class="hlt">Release</span> from the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Accident</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Abrecht, David G.; Schwantes, Jon M.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper extends the preliminary linear free <span class="hlt">energy</span> correlations for radionuclide <span class="hlt">release</span> performed by Schwantes, et al., following the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Through evaluations of the molar fractionations of radionuclides deposited in the soil relative to modeled radionuclide inventories, we confirm the source of the radionuclides to be from active reactors rather than the spent fuel pool. Linear correlations of the form ln χ = -α (ΔG rxn°(T C))/(RT C)+β were obtained between the deposited concentration and the reduction potential of the fission product oxide species using multiple reduction schemes to calculate ΔG° rxn(T C). These models allowedmore » an estimate of the upper bound for the reactor temperatures of T C between 2130 K and 2220 K, providing insight into the limiting factors to vaporization and <span class="hlt">release</span> of fission products during the reactor accident. Estimates of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of medium-lived fission products 90Sr, 121mSn, 147Pm, 144Ce, 152Eu, 154Eu, 155Eu, 151Sm through atmospheric venting and <span class="hlt">releases</span> during the first month following the accident were performed, and indicate large quantities of 90Sr and radioactive lanthanides were likely to remain in the damaged reactor cores.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210096K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..1210096K"><span>Soft computing analysis of the possible correlation between temporal and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> patterns in seismic activity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Konstantaras, Anthony; Katsifarakis, Emmanouil; Artzouxaltzis, Xristos; Makris, John; Vallianatos, Filippos; Varley, Martin</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>This paper is a preliminary investigation of the possible correlation of temporal and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> patterns of seismic activity involving the preparation processes of consecutive sizeable seismic events [1,2]. The background idea is that during periods of low-level seismic activity, stress processes in the crust accumulate <span class="hlt">energy</span> at the seismogenic area whilst larger seismic events act as a decongesting mechanism <span class="hlt">releasing</span> considerable <span class="hlt">energy</span> [3,4]. A dynamic algorithm is being developed aiming to identify and cluster pre- and post- seismic events to the main earthquake following on research carried out by Zubkov [5] and Dobrovolsky [6,7]. This clustering technique along with <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> equations dependent on Richter's scale [8,9] allow for an estimate to be drawn regarding the amount of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> being <span class="hlt">released</span> by the seismic sequence. The above approach is being implemented as a monitoring tool to investigate the behaviour of the underlying <span class="hlt">energy</span> management system by introducing this information to various neural [10,11] and soft computing models [1,12,13,14]. The incorporation of intelligent systems aims towards the detection and simulation of the possible relationship between <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> patterns and time-intervals among consecutive sizeable earthquakes [1,15]. Anticipated successful training of the imported intelligent systems may result in a real-time, on-line processing methodology [1,16] capable to dynamically approximate the time-interval between the latest and the next forthcoming sizeable seismic event by monitoring the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> process in a specific seismogenic area. Indexing terms: pattern recognition, long-term earthquake precursors, neural networks, soft computing, earthquake occurrence intervals References [1] Konstantaras A., Vallianatos F., Varley M.R. and Makris J. P.: ‘Soft computing modelling of seismicity in the southern Hellenic arc', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 5 (3), pp. 323-327, 2008 [2] Eneva M. and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272025','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272025"><span>Probing the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> dynamics of H-atom products from the gas-phase reaction of O(3P) with vinyl radical C2H3.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jang, Su-Chan; Choi, Jong-Ho</p> <p>2014-11-21</p> <p>The gas-phase radical-radical reaction dynamics of ground-state atomic oxygen O((3)P) with vinyl radicals C2H3 has been studied by combining the results of vacuum-ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a crossed beam configuration with ab initio calculations. The two radical reactants O((3)P) and C2H3 were produced by photolysis of NO2 and supersonic flash pyrolysis of C2H3I, respectively. Doppler profile analysis of the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of the nascent H-atom products from the title reaction O((3)P) + C2H3→ H((2)S) + CH2CO (ketene) revealed that the average translational <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the products and the average fraction of the total available <span class="hlt">energy</span> were 7.03 ± 0.30 kcal mol(-1) and 7.2%. The empirical data combined with CBS-QB3 level ab initio theory and statistical calculations demonstrated that the title oxygen-hydrogen exchange reaction is a major reaction channel, through an <span class="hlt">addition</span>-elimination mechanism involving the formation of a short-lived, dynamical complex on the doublet potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> surface. On the basis of systematic comparison with several exchange reactions of hydrocarbon radicals, the observed kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> can be explained in terms of the weak impulse at the moment of decomposition in the loose transition state with a product-like geometry and a small reverse barrier along the exit channel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2017/1617-nrel-to-work-with-14-additional-small-businesses-as-part-of-the-doe-small-business-vouchers-program.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2017/1617-nrel-to-work-with-14-additional-small-businesses-as-part-of-the-doe-small-business-vouchers-program.html"><span>NREL to Work with 14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Small Businesses as Part of the DOE Small</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Business Vouchers Program | NREL | News | NREL</A> to Work with 14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> <em>Small</em> Businesses as Part of the DOE <em>Small</em> Business Vouchers Program News <span class="hlt">Release</span>: NREL to Work with 14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> <em>Small</em> Businesses as Part of the DOE <em>Small</em> Business Vouchers Program May 2, 2017 The U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>'s</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27880926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27880926"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> of heavy metals during long-term land application of sewage sludge compost: Percolation leaching tests with repeated <span class="hlt">additions</span> of compost.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fang, Wen; Delapp, Rossane C; Kosson, David S; van der Sloot, Hans A; Liu, Jianguo</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Leaching assessment procedures have been used to determine the leachability of heavy metals as input for evaluating the risk from sewage sludge compost land application. However, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding leaching from soils with repeated application of sewage sludge compost with elevated levels of heavy metals. In this paper, leaching assessment is extended to evaluate the potential leaching of heavy metals during repetitive application of composted sewage sludge to soils. Four cycling of compost <span class="hlt">additions</span> and percolation leaching were conducted to investigate how leaching behavior of heavy metals changed with repeated <span class="hlt">additions</span> of compost. Results showed that repetitive <span class="hlt">additions</span> of compost to soil significantly increased the content of organic matter, which favored the formation of reducing condition due to improved microbial activities and oxygen consumption. Establishment of reducing conditions can enhance the leaching concentrations of As by approximately 1 order of magnitude, especially for the soil rich in organic matter. For Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb, repeated <span class="hlt">additions</span> of compost will cause accumulation in total contents but not enhancement in leaching concentrations. The infiltration following compost <span class="hlt">additions</span> will leach out the mobile fraction and the residual fraction might not <span class="hlt">release</span> in the next cycling of compost <span class="hlt">addition</span> and infiltration. The cumulative <span class="hlt">release</span> of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb accounted for less than 5% of the total contents during four times of compost applications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17514753','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17514753"><span>Ultrasound enhanced glucose <span class="hlt">release</span> from corn in ethanol plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khanal, Samir Kumar; Montalbo, Melissa; van Leeuwen, J; Srinivasan, Gowrishankar; Grewell, David</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>This work evaluated the use of high power ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> to treat corn slurry in dry corn milling ethanol plants to enhance liquefaction and saccharification for ethanol production. Corn slurry samples obtained before and after jet cooking were subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment for 20 and 40 s at amplitudes of vibration ranging from 180 to 299 microm(pp) (peak to peak amplitude in microm). The resulting samples were then exposed to enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucoamylase) to convert cornstarch into glucose. A comparison of scanning electron micrographs of raw and sonicated samples showed the development of micropores and the disruption of cell walls in corn mash. The corn particle size declined nearly 20-fold following ultrasonic treatment at high power settings. The glucose <span class="hlt">release</span> rate from sonicated samples increased as much as threefold compared to the control group. The efficiency of ultrasound exceeded 100% in terms of <span class="hlt">energy</span> gain from the sugar <span class="hlt">released</span> over the ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> supplied. Enzymatic activity was enhanced when the corn slurry was sonicated with simultaneous <span class="hlt">addition</span> of enzymes. This finding suggests that the ultrasonic <span class="hlt">energy</span> did not degrade or denature the enzymes during the pretreatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3728720','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3728720"><span>In vitro and in vivo study of sustained nitric oxide <span class="hlt">release</span> coating using diazeniumdiolate-oped poly(vinyl chloride) matrix with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) <span class="hlt">additive</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Handa, Hitesh; Brisbois, Elizabeth J.; Major, Terry C.; Refahiyat, Lahdan; Amoako, Kagya A.; Annich, Gail M.; Bartlett, Robert H.; Meyerhoff, Mark E.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous vasodilator as well as natural inhibitor of platelet adhesion and activation that can be <span class="hlt">released</span> from a NO donor species, such as diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine (DBHD/N2O2) within a polymer coating. In this study, various Food and Drug Administration approved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) species were evaluated as <span class="hlt">additives</span> to promote a prolonged NO <span class="hlt">release</span> from DBHD/N2O2 within a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. When using an ester-capped PLGA <span class="hlt">additive</span> with a slow hydrolysis time, the resulting coatings continuously <span class="hlt">release</span> between 7–18×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 NO for 14 d at 37°C in PBS buffer. The corresponding pH changes within the polymer films were visualized using pH sensitive indicators and are shown to correlate with the extended NO <span class="hlt">release</span> pattern. The optimal combined diazeniumdiolate/PLGA-doped NO <span class="hlt">release</span> (NOrel) PVC coating was evaluated in vitro and its effect on the hemodynamics was also studied within a 4 h in vivo extracorporeal circulation (ECC) rabbit model of thrombogenicity. Four out of 7 control circuits clotted within 3 h, whereas all the NOrel coated circuits were patent after 4 h. Platelet counts on the NOrel ECC were preserved (79 ± 11% compared to 54 ± 6% controls). The NOrel coatings showed a significant decrease in the thrombus area as compared to the controls. Results suggest that by using ester-capped PLGAs as <span class="hlt">additives</span> to a conventional plasticized PVC material containing a lipophilic diazeniumdiolates, the NO <span class="hlt">release</span> can be prolonged for up to 2 weeks by controlling the pH within the organic phase of the coating. PMID:23914297</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/reports/2010/early_estimates.cfm','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/reports/2010/early_estimates.cfm"><span>Early-<span class="hlt">release</span> Estimates From the 2010 MECS Show That <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Consumption In the Manufacturing Sector Decreased Between 2006 and 2010</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Energy</span> consumption in the U.S. manufacturing sector fell from 21,098 trillion Btu (tBtu) in 2006 to 19,062 tBtu in 2010, a decline of almost 10% , based on preliminary estimates <span class="hlt">released</span> from the 2010 Manufacturing <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Consumption Survey (MECS). This decline continues the downward trend in manufacturing <span class="hlt">energy</span> use since the 1998 MECS report.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7253429','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7253429"><span>Method and apparatus for thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage. [Patent application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Gruen, D.M.</p> <p>1975-08-19</p> <p>A method and apparatus for storing <span class="hlt">energy</span> by converting thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> to potential chemically bound <span class="hlt">energy</span> in which a first metal hydride is heated to dissociation temperature, liberating hydrogen gas which is compressed and reacted with a second metal to form a second metal hydride while <span class="hlt">releasing</span> thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>. Cooling the first metal while warming the second metal hydride to dissociation temperature will reverse the flow of hydrogen gas back to the first metal, <span class="hlt">releasing</span> <span class="hlt">additional</span> thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The method and apparatus are particularly useful for the storage and conversion of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> from solar heat sources and for the utilization of this <span class="hlt">energy</span> for space heating purposes, such as for homes or offices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41F2363C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41F2363C"><span>Advancing Knowledge on Fugitive Natural Gas from <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Resource Development at a Controlled <span class="hlt">Release</span> Field Observatory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cahill, A. G.; Chao, J.; Forde, O.; Prystupa, E.; Mayer, K. U.; Black, T. A.; Tannant, D. D.; Crowe, S.; Hallam, S.; Mayer, B.; Lauer, R. M.; van Geloven, C.; Welch, L. A.; Salas, C.; Levson, V.; Risk, D. A.; Beckie, R. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Fugitive gas, comprised primarily of methane, can be unintentionally <span class="hlt">released</span> from upstream oil and gas development either at surface from leaky infrastructure or in the subsurface through failure of <span class="hlt">energy</span> well bore integrity. For the latter, defective cement seals around <span class="hlt">energy</span> well casings may permit buoyant flow of natural gas from the deeper subsurface towards shallow aquifers, the ground surface and potentially into the atmosphere. Concerns associated with fugitive gas <span class="hlt">release</span> at surface and in the subsurface include contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, subsurface migration leading to accumulation in nearby infrastructure and impacts to groundwater quality. Current knowledge of the extent of fugitive gas leakage including how to best detect and monitor over time, and particularly its migration and fate in the subsurface, is incomplete. We have established an experimental field observatory for evaluating fugitive gas leakage in an area of historic and ongoing hydrocarbon resource development within the Montney Resource Play of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Natural gas will be intentionally <span class="hlt">released</span> at surface and up to 25 m below surface at various rates and durations. Resulting migration patterns and impacts will be evaluated through examination of the geology, hydrogeology, hydro-geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, hydro-geophysics, vadose zone and soil gas processes, microbiology, and atmospheric conditions. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles and remote sensors for monitoring and detection of methane will also be assessed for suitability as environmental monitoring tools. Here we outline the experimental design and describe initial research conducted to develop a detailed site conceptual model of the field observatory. Subsequently, results attained from pilot surface and sub-surface controlled natural gas <span class="hlt">releases</span> conducted in late summer 2017 will be presented as well as results of numerical modelling conducted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH21C0187H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNH21C0187H"><span>Electromagnetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Released</span> in the Subduction (Benioff) Zone in Weeks Previous to Earthquake Occurrence in Central Peru and the Estimation of Earthquake Magnitudes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heraud, J. A.; Centa, V. A.; Bleier, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>During the past four years, magnetometers deployed in the Peruvian coast have been providing evidence that the ULF pulses received are indeed generated at the subduction or Benioff zone and are connected with the occurrence of earthquakes within a few kilometers of the source of such pulses. This evidence was presented at the AGU 2015 Fall meeting, showing the results of triangulation of pulses from two magnetometers located in the central area of Peru, using data collected during a two-year period. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> work has been done and the method has now been expanded to provide the instantaneous <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> at the stress areas on the Benioff zone during the precursory stage, before an earthquake occurs. Collected data from several events and in other parts of the country will be shown in a sequential animated form that illustrates the way <span class="hlt">energy</span> is <span class="hlt">released</span> in the ULF part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The process has been extended in time and geographical places. Only pulses associated with the occurrence of earthquakes are taken into account in an area which is highly associated with subduction-zone seismic events and several pulse parameters have been used to estimate a function relating the magnitude of the earthquake with the value of a function generated with those parameters. The results shown, including the animated data video, constitute <span class="hlt">additional</span> work towards the estimation of the magnitude of an earthquake about to occur, based on electromagnetic pulses that originated at the subduction zone. The method is providing clearer evidence that electromagnetic precursors in effect conveys physical and useful information prior to the advent of a seismic event</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/1996/','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/1996/"><span>1996 News <span class="hlt">Releases</span> | NREL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>6 News <span class="hlt">Releases</span> Access news stories about the laboratory and renewable <em><span class="hlt">energy</span></em> and <em><span class="hlt">energy</span></em> efficiency Facility Slashes <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Use by 66 Percent - (10/3/96) Agreement Moves Nevada Solar Plant Step Closer to Converter Wins National Award - (7/25/96) Solar <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> to Help Heat Major Commercial Facility - (6/21/96</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhB...46x5201R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhB...46x5201R"><span>Ion-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon collisions: kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releases</span> for specific fragmentation channels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reitsma, G.; Zettergren, H.; Boschman, L.; Bodewits, E.; Hoekstra, R.; Schlathölter, T.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>We report on 30 keV He2 + collisions with naphthalene (C10H8) molecules, which leads to very extensive fragmentation. To unravel such complex fragmentation patterns, we designed and constructed an experimental setup, which allows for the determination of the full momentum vector by measuring charged collision products in coincidence in a recoil ion momentum spectrometer type of detection scheme. The determination of fragment kinetic <span class="hlt">energies</span> is found to be considerably more accurate than for the case of mere coincidence time-of-flight spectrometers. In fission reactions involving two cationic fragments, typically kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releases</span> of 2-3 eV are observed. The results are interpreted by means of density functional theory calculations of the reverse barriers. It is concluded that naphthalene fragmentation by collisions with keV ions clearly is much more violent than the corresponding photofragmentation with energetic photons. The ion-induced naphthalene fragmentation provides a feedstock of various small hydrocarbonic species of different charge states and kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span>, which could influence several molecule formation processes in the cold interstellar medium and facilitates growth of small hydrocarbon species on pre-existing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..407..137K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..407..137K"><span>Rapid fabrication of superhydrophobic Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite film with excellent <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> characteristics and long-term storage stability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ke, Xiang; Zhou, Xiang; Hao, Gaozi; Xiao, Lei; Liu, Jie; Jiang, Wei</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>One of the challenges for the application of energetic materials is their <span class="hlt">energy</span>-retaining capabilities after long-term storage. In this study, we report a facile method to fabricate superhydrophobic Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite film by combining electrophoretic deposition and surface modification technologies. Different concentrations of dispersion solvents and <span class="hlt">additives</span> are investigated to optimize the deposition parameters. Meanwhile, the dependence of deposition rates on nanoparticle concentrations is also studied. The surface morphology and chemical composition are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray <span class="hlt">energy</span>-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A static contact angles as high as 156° shows the superhydrophobicity of the nanothermite film. Natural and accelerated aging tests are performed and the thermal behavior is analyzed. Thermal analysis shows that the surface modification contributes to significantly improved <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> characteristics for both fresh and aged samples, which is supposed to be attributed to the preignition reaction between Al2O3 shell and FAS-17. Superhydrophobic Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite film exhibits excellent long-time storage stability with 83.4% of <span class="hlt">energy</span> left in natural aging test and 60.5% in accelerated aging test. This study is instructive to the practical applications of nanothermites, especially in highly humid environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994533','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994533"><span>The destiny of Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">released</span> by mitochondria.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Takeuchi, Ayako; Kim, Bongju; Matsuoka, Satoshi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Mitochondrial Ca(2+) is known to regulate diverse cellular functions, for example <span class="hlt">energy</span> production and cell death, by modulating mitochondrial dehydrogenases, inducing production of reactive oxygen species, and opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the action of Ca(2+) within mitochondria, Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">released</span> from mitochondria is also important in a variety of cellular functions. In the last 5 years, the molecules responsible for mitochondrial Ca(2+) dynamics have been identified: a mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU), a mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCLX), and a candidate for a mitochondrial H(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (Letm1). In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">release</span> system, and discuss its physiological and pathophysiological significance. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mitochondrial Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">release</span> system is not only crucial in maintaining mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis but also participates in the Ca(2+) crosstalk between mitochondria and the plasma membrane and between mitochondria and the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21251711','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21251711"><span>Intracellularly monitoring/imaging the <span class="hlt">release</span> of doxorubicin from pH-responsive nanoparticles using Förster resonance <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Ko-Jie; Chiu, Ya-Ling; Chen, Yu-Ming; Ho, Yi-Cheng; Sung, Hsing-Wen</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have been receiving much attention as a drug-delivery vehicle for therapeutic applications; once internalized into cells, the intracellular fate of NPs and their drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior in response to local stimuli must be understood for efficient delivery of therapeutics. In this study, we prepared pH-responsive doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded NPs, made of N-palmitoyl chitosan bearing a Cy5 moiety (Cy5-NPCS), as an anticancer delivery device. The results of our molecular dynamic simulations showed that the ability of Cy5-NPCS to self-associate offered the close proximity between the donor (DOX) and the acceptor (Cy5) required for Förster resonance <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer (FRET), while the pH-driven structure transition prescribed the on-to-off switch of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer. The caveolae-mediated pathway played a major role in the internalization of NPCS NPs. Using the concept of FRET, we found that the DOX fluorescence in the cytosol was first seen when NPCS NPs were present in the slightly acidic early endosomes. Following NPCS NPs trafficking into a more acidic organelle (late endosomes/lysosomes), a more evident <span class="hlt">release</span> of DOX into the cytosol was observed; the <span class="hlt">released</span> DOX was then gradually accumulated in the cell nuclei, leading to a significant cytotoxicity. Understanding the fate of NPs with respect to their intracellular localization and drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior is crucial for the rational design of drug carriers. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-27/pdf/2012-23808.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-27/pdf/2012-23808.pdf"><span>77 FR 59393 - Jordan Cove <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Project LP; Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline LP; Notice of <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Public...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-09-27</p> <p>...-17-000] Jordan Cove <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Project LP; Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline LP; Notice of <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Public..., and 11, 2012, the Federal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) Office of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Projects... <span class="hlt">additional</span> public scoping meetings to take comments on Jordan Cove <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Project LP's (Jordan Cove) proposed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675358','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675358"><span>Linear free <span class="hlt">energy</span> correlations for fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abrecht, David G; Schwantes, Jon M</p> <p>2015-03-03</p> <p>This paper extends the preliminary linear free <span class="hlt">energy</span> correlations for radionuclide <span class="hlt">release</span> performed by Schwantes et al., following the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Through evaluations of the molar fractionations of radionuclides deposited in the soil relative to modeled radionuclide inventories, we confirm the initial source of the radionuclides to the environment to be from active reactors rather than the spent fuel pool. Linear correlations of the form In χ = −α ((ΔGrxn°(TC))/(RTC)) + β were obtained between the deposited concentrations, and the reduction potentials of the fission product oxide species using multiple reduction schemes to calculate ΔG°rxn (TC). These models allowed an estimate of the upper bound for the reactor temperatures of TC between 2015 and 2060 K, providing insight into the limiting factors to vaporization and <span class="hlt">release</span> of fission products during the reactor accident. Estimates of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of medium-lived fission products 90Sr, 121mSn, 147Pm, 144Ce, 152Eu, 154Eu, 155Eu, and 151Sm through atmospheric venting during the first month following the accident were obtained, indicating that large quantities of 90Sr and radioactive lanthanides were likely to remain in the damaged reactor cores.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21298168','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21298168"><span>Determination of differential cross sections and kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of co-products from central sliced images in photo-initiated dynamic processes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Kuo-mei; Chen, Yu-wei</p> <p>2011-04-07</p> <p>For photo-initiated inelastic and reactive collisions, dynamic information can be extracted from central sliced images of state-selected Newton spheres of product species. An analysis framework has been established to determine differential cross sections and the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of co-products from experimental images. When one of the reactants exhibits a high recoil speed in a photo-initiated dynamic process, the present theory can be employed to analyze central sliced images from ion imaging or three-dimensional sliced fluorescence imaging experiments. It is demonstrated that the differential cross section of a scattering process can be determined from the central sliced image by a double Legendre moment analysis, for either a fixed or continuously distributed recoil speeds in the center-of-mass reference frame. Simultaneous equations which lead to the determination of the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of co-products can be established from the second-order Legendre moment of the experimental image, as soon as the differential cross section is extracted. The intensity distribution of the central sliced image, along with its outer and inner ring sizes, provide all the clues to decipher the differential cross section and the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of co-products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810004372','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810004372"><span>Gas <span class="hlt">release</span> and conductivity modification studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Linson, L. M.; Baxter, D. C.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The behavior of gas clouds produced by <span class="hlt">releases</span> from orbital velocity in either a point <span class="hlt">release</span> or venting mode is described by the modification of snowplow equations valid in an intermediate altitude regime. Quantitative estimates are produced for the time dependence of the radius of the cloud, the average internal <span class="hlt">energy</span>, the translational velocity, and the distance traveled. The dependence of these quantities on the assumed density profile, the internal <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the gas, and the ratio of specific heats is examined. The new feature is the inclusion of the effect of the large orbital velocity. The resulting gas cloud models are used to calculate the characteristics of the field line integrated Pedersen conductivity enhancements that would be produced by the <span class="hlt">release</span> of barium thermite at orbital velocity in either the point <span class="hlt">release</span> or venting modes as a function of <span class="hlt">release</span> altitude and chemical payload weight.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/reports/2009/state_briefs/','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/reports/2009/state_briefs/"><span>State Fact Sheets on Household <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Use</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The Residential <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Consumption Survey (RECS) gathers information through personal interviews with a nationwide sample of homes and <span class="hlt">energy</span> suppliers. The 2009 survey was the largest RECS to date and the larger sample size allowed for the <span class="hlt">release</span> of data for 16 individual states, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to national, regional, and division-level estimates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4098692','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4098692"><span>ELECTROMAGNETIC <span class="hlt">RELEASE</span> MECHANISM</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Michelson, C.</p> <p>1960-09-13</p> <p>An electromagnetic <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism is offered that may be used, for example, for supporting a safety rod for a nuclear reactor. The <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism is designed to have a large excess holding force and a rapid, uniform, and dependable <span class="hlt">release</span>. The fast <span class="hlt">release</span> is accomplished by providing the electromagnet with slotttd polts separated by an insulating potting resin, and by constructing the poles with a ferro-nickel alloy. The combination of these two features materially reduces the eddy current power density whenever the magnetic field changes during a <span class="hlt">release</span> operation. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to these features, the design of the armature is such as to provide ready entrance of fluid into any void that might tend to form during <span class="hlt">release</span> of the armature. This also improves the <span class="hlt">release</span> time for the mechanism. The large holding force for the mechanism is accomplished by providing a small, selected, uniform air gap between the inner pole piece and the armature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900016760','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900016760"><span>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of delamination in a tapered laminate subjected to tension load</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Salpekar, S. A.; Raju, I. S.; Obrien, T. K.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>A tapered composite laminate subjected to tension load was analyzed using the finite-element method. The glass/epoxy laminate has a (+ or - 45)sub 3 group of plies dropped in three distinct steps, each 20 ply-thicknesses apart, thus forming a taper angle of 5.71 degrees. Steep gradients of interlaminar normal and shear stress on a potential delamination interface suggest the existence of stress singularities at the points of material and geometric discontinuities created by the internal plydrops. The delamination was assumed to initiate at the thin end of the taper on a -45/+45 interface and the delamination growth was simulated in both directions, i.e., along the taper and into the thin region. The strain-<span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rate for a delamination growing into the thin laminate consisted predominantly of mode I (opening) component. For a delamination growing along the tapered region, the strain-<span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rate was initially all mode I, but the proportion of mode I decreased with increase in delamination size until eventually total G was all mode II. The total G for both delamination tips increased with increase in delamination size, indicating that a delamination initiating at the end of the taper will grow unstably along the taper and into the thin laminate simultaneously.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BVol...79...84M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BVol...79...84M"><span>Volatiles and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by Puracé volcano</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maldonado, Luisa Fernanda Meza; Inguaggiato, Salvatore; Jaramillo, Marco Tulio; Valencia, Gustavo Garzón; Mazot, Agnes</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Total CO2 output of Puracé volcano (Colombia) was estimated on the basis of fluids discharged by fumaroles, soil gases, and dissolved carbon species in the aquifer. The soil CO2 emission was computed from a field survey of 512 points of CO2 soil flux measurements at the main degassing areas of Puracé volcano. The CO2 flux from Puracé's plume was estimated using an indirect method, that used the SO2 plume flux and CO2/SO2 ratio of the main high temperature fumarole. The total output of CO2 was estimated at ≅ 1500 t/day. The main contribution of CO2 comes from the plume (summit degassing) and from soil degassing that emit 673 and 812 t/day, respectively. The contributions of summit and soil degassing areas are comparable, indicating an intermediate degassing style partitioned between closed and open conduit systems. The estimated water vapor discharge (as derived from the chemical composition of the fumaroles, the H2O/CO2 ratio, and the SO2 plume flux) allowed calculation of the total thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> (fumarolic, soil degassing, and aquifer) <span class="hlt">released</span> from the Puracé volcanic system. This was 360 MW.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RMRE...46..859Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RMRE...46..859Y"><span>Microseism Induced by Transient <span class="hlt">Release</span> of In Situ Stress During Deep Rock Mass Excavation by Blasting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Jianhua; Lu, Wenbo; Chen, Ming; Yan, Peng; Zhou, Chuangbing</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>During deep rock mass excavation with the method of drill and blast, accompanying the secession of rock fragments and the formation of a new free surface, in situ stress on this boundary is suddenly <span class="hlt">released</span> within several milliseconds, which is termed the transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of in situ stress. In this process, enormous strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> around the excavation face is instantly <span class="hlt">released</span> in the form of kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> and it inevitably induces microseismic events in surrounding rock masses. Thus, blasting excavation-induced microseismic vibrations in high-stress rock masses are attributed to the combined action of explosion and the transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of in situ stress. The intensity of stress <span class="hlt">release</span>-induced microseisms, which depends mainly on the magnitude of the in situ stress and the dimension of the excavation face, is comparable to that of explosion-induced vibrations. With the methods of time-<span class="hlt">energy</span> density analysis, amplitude spectrum analysis, and finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter, microseismic vibrations induced by the transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of in situ stress were identified and separated from recorded microseismic signals during a blast of deep rock masses in the Pubugou Hydropower Station. The results show that the low-frequency component in the microseismic records results mainly from the transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of in situ stress, while the high-frequency component originates primarily from explosion. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, a numerical simulation was conducted to demonstrate the occurrence of microseismic events by the transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of in situ stress, and the results seem to have confirmed fairly well the separated vibrations from microseismic records.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PApGe.139..293T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PApGe.139..293T"><span>Time-lag of the earthquake <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> between three seismic regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsapanos, Theodoros M.; Liritzis, Ioannis</p> <p>1992-06-01</p> <p>Three complete data sets of strong earthquakes ( M≥5.5), which occurred in the seismic regions of Chile, Mexico and Kamchatka during the time period 1899 1985, have been used to test the existence of a time-lag in the seismic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> between these regions. These data sets were cross-correlated in order to determine whether any pair of the sets are correlated. For this purpose statistical tests, such as the T-test, the Fisher's transformation and probability distribution have been applied to determine the significance of the obtained correlation coefficients. The results show that the time-lag between Chile and Kamchatka is -2, which means that Kamchatka precedes Chile by 2 years, with a correlation coefficient significant at 99.80% level, a weak correlation between Kamchatka-Mexico and noncorrelation for Mexico-Chile.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...835..214P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...835..214P"><span>Stochastic Fermi Energization of Coronal Plasma during Explosive Magnetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pisokas, Theophilos; Vlahos, Loukas; Isliker, Heinz; Tsiolis, Vassilis; Anastasiadis, Anastasios</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The aim of this study is to analyze the interaction of charged particles (ions and electrons) with randomly formed particle scatterers (e.g., large-scale local “magnetic fluctuations” or “coherent magnetic irregularities”) using the setup proposed initially by Fermi. These scatterers are formed by the explosive magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and propagate with the Alfvén speed along the irregular magnetic fields. They are large-scale local fluctuations (δB/B ≈ 1) randomly distributed inside the unstable magnetic topology and will here be called Alfvénic Scatterers (AS). We constructed a 3D grid on which a small fraction of randomly chosen grid points are acting as AS. In particular, we study how a large number of test particles evolves inside a collection of AS, analyzing the evolution of their <span class="hlt">energy</span> distribution and their escape-time distribution. We use a well-established method to estimate the transport coefficients directly from the trajectories of the particles. Using the estimated transport coefficients and solving the Fokker-Planck equation numerically, we can recover the <span class="hlt">energy</span> distribution of the particles. We have shown that the stochastic Fermi energization of mildly relativistic and relativistic plasma can heat and accelerate the tail of the ambient particle distribution as predicted by Parker & Tidman and Ramaty. The temperature of the hot plasma and the tail of the energetic particles depend on the mean free path (λsc) of the particles between the scatterers inside the energization volume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JNuM..307.1418O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JNuM..307.1418O"><span>Hydrogen <span class="hlt">release</span> from 800 MeV proton-irradiated tungsten</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oliver, B. M.; Venhaus, T. J.; Causey, R. A.; Garner, F. A.; Maloy, S. A.</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>Tungsten irradiated in spallation neutron sources, such as those proposed for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) project, will contain large quantities of generated helium and hydrogen gas. Tungsten used in proposed fusion reactors will also be exposed to neutrons, and the generated protium will be accompanied by deuterium and tritium diffusing in from the plasma-facing surface. The <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics of these gases during various off-normal scenarios involving loss of coolant and after heat-induced rises in temperature are of particular interest for both applications. To determine the <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics of hydrogen from tungsten, tungsten rods irradiated with 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to high exposures as part of the APT project have been examined. Hydrogen evolution from the tungsten has been measured using a dedicated mass-spectrometer system by subjecting the specimens to an essentially linear temperature ramp from ˜300 to ˜1500 K. <span class="hlt">Release</span> profiles are compared with predictions obtained using the Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP4). The measurements show that for high proton doses, the majority of the hydrogen is <span class="hlt">released</span> gradually, starting at about 900 K and reaching a maximum at about 1400 K, where it drops fairly rapidly. Comparisons with TMAP show quite reasonable agreement using a trap <span class="hlt">energy</span> of 1.4 eV and a trap density of ˜7%. There is a small <span class="hlt">additional</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> fraction occurring at ˜550 K, which is believed to be associated with low-<span class="hlt">energy</span> trapping at or near the surface, and, therefore, was not included in the bulk TMAP model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1169641','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1169641"><span>Systems and methods for solar <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage, transportation, and conversion utilizing photochemically active organometallic isomeric compounds and solid-state catalysts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Vollhardt, K. Peter C.; Segalman, Rachel A; Majumdar, Arunava; Meier, Steven</p> <p>2015-02-10</p> <p>A system for converting solar <span class="hlt">energy</span> to chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and, subsequently, to thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> includes a light-harvesting station, a storage station, and a thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> station. The system may include <span class="hlt">additional</span> stations for converting the <span class="hlt">released</span> thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> to other <span class="hlt">energy</span> forms, e.g., to electrical <span class="hlt">energy</span> and mechanical work. At the light-harvesting station, a photochemically active first organometallic compound, e.g., a fulvalenyl diruthenium complex, is exposed to light and is photochemically converted to a second, higher-<span class="hlt">energy</span> organometallic compound, which is then transported to a storage station. At the storage station, the high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> organometallic compound is stored for a desired time and/or is transported to a desired location for thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. At the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> station, the high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> organometallic compound is catalytically converted back to the photochemically active organometallic compound by an exothermic process, while the <span class="hlt">released</span> thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> is captured for subsequent use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055333','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055333"><span>Anisotropic kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and gyroscopic behavior of CO2 super rotors from an optical centrifuge.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Murray, Matthew J; Ogden, Hannah M; Mullin, Amy S</p> <p>2017-10-21</p> <p>An optical centrifuge is used to generate an ensemble of CO 2 super rotors with oriented angular momentum. The collision dynamics and <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer behavior of the super rotor molecules are investigated using high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy. New multipass IR detection provides improved sensitivity to perform polarization-dependent transient studies for rotational states with 76 ≤ J ≤ 100. Polarization-dependent measurements show that the collision-induced kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is spatially anisotropic and results from both near-resonant <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer between super rotor molecules and non-resonant <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer between super rotors and thermal molecules. J-dependent studies show that the extent and duration of the orientational anisotropy increase with rotational angular momentum. The super rotors exhibit behavior akin to molecular gyroscopes, wherein molecules with larger amounts of angular momentum are less likely to change their angular momentum orientation through collisions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.147o4309M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.147o4309M"><span>Anisotropic kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> and gyroscopic behavior of CO2 super rotors from an optical centrifuge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murray, Matthew J.; Ogden, Hannah M.; Mullin, Amy S.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>An optical centrifuge is used to generate an ensemble of CO2 super rotors with oriented angular momentum. The collision dynamics and <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer behavior of the super rotor molecules are investigated using high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy. New multipass IR detection provides improved sensitivity to perform polarization-dependent transient studies for rotational states with 76 ≤ J ≤ 100. Polarization-dependent measurements show that the collision-induced kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is spatially anisotropic and results from both near-resonant <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer between super rotor molecules and non-resonant <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer between super rotors and thermal molecules. J-dependent studies show that the extent and duration of the orientational anisotropy increase with rotational angular momentum. The super rotors exhibit behavior akin to molecular gyroscopes, wherein molecules with larger amounts of angular momentum are less likely to change their angular momentum orientation through collisions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/14162','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/14162"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">Released</span> Fual Moisture on Atmospheric Dynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Brian E. Potter</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A common component of fire incident reports and prescribed burn preparations is an estimate of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> that was or will be <span class="hlt">released</span> by the fire. Typically, this is based on the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> by combustion of the fuel load, reduced to account for the <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is required to evaporate moisture in the fuel materials. (e.g., Byram 1959, Anderson 1968, Simard et al...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2018K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2018K"><span>Influence of ceramic dental crown coating substrate thickness ratio on strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khasnulhadi, K.; Daud, R.; Mat, F.; Noor, S. N. F. M.; Basaruddin, K. S.; Sulaiman, M. H.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This paper presents the analysis of coating substrate thickness ratio effect on the crown coating fracture behaviour. The bi-layer material is examined under four point bending with pre-crack at the bottom of the core material by using finite element. Three different coating thickness of core/substrate was tested which is 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The fracture parameters are analysed based on bilayer and homogenous elastic interaction. The result shows that the ratio thickness of core/veneer provided a significant effect on <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1212420-development-flexible-free-standing-thin-films-additive-manufacturing-localized-energy-generation','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1212420-development-flexible-free-standing-thin-films-additive-manufacturing-localized-energy-generation"><span>Development of flexible, free-standing, thin films for <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing and localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Clark, Billy; McCollum, Jena; Pantoya, Michelle L.; ...</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Film energetics are becoming increasingly popular because a variety of technologies are driving a need for localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation in a stable, safe and flexible form. Aluminum (Al) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) composites were mixed into a silicon binder and extruded using a blade casting technique to form flexible free-standing films ideal for localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation. Since this material can be extruded onto a surface it is well suited to <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing applications. This study examines the influence of 0-35% by mass potassium perchlorate (KClO₄) <span class="hlt">additive</span> on the combustion behavior of these energetic films. Without KClO₄ the film exhibits thermalmore » instabilities that produce unsteady <span class="hlt">energy</span> propagation upon reaction. All films were cast at a thickness of 1 mm with constant volume percent solids to ensure consistent rheological properties. The films were ignited and flame propagation was measured. The results show that as the mass percent KClO₄ increased, the flame speed increased and peaked at 0.43 cm/s and 30 wt% KClO₄. Thermochemical equilibrium simulations show that the heat of combustion increases with increasing KClO₄ concentration up to a maximum at 20 wt% when the heat of combustion plateaus, indicating that the increased chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> liberated by the <span class="hlt">additional</span> KClO₄ promotes stable <span class="hlt">energy</span> propagation. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis show that the silicone binder participates as a fuel and reacts with KClO₄ adding <span class="hlt">energy</span> to the reaction and promoting propagation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22308371-low-energy-electron-induced-cytosine-base-release-deoxycytidine-monophosphate-via-glycosidic-bond-cleavage-time-dependent-wavepacket-study','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22308371-low-energy-electron-induced-cytosine-base-release-deoxycytidine-monophosphate-via-glycosidic-bond-cleavage-time-dependent-wavepacket-study"><span>Low <span class="hlt">energy</span> electron induced cytosine base <span class="hlt">release</span> in 2′-deoxycytidine-3′-monophosphate via glycosidic bond cleavage: A time-dependent wavepacket study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bhaskaran, Renjith; Sarma, Manabendra, E-mail: msarma@iitg.ernet.in</p> <p>2014-09-14</p> <p>Low <span class="hlt">energy</span> electron (LEE) induced cytosine base <span class="hlt">release</span> in a selected pyrimidine nucleotide, viz., 2′-deoxycytidine-3′-monophosphate is investigated using ab initio electronic structure methods and time dependent quantum mechanical calculations. It has been noted that the cytosine base scission is comparatively difficult process than the 3′ C–O bond cleavage from the lowest π{sup *} shape resonance in <span class="hlt">energy</span> region <1 eV. This is mainly due to the high activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier associated with the electron transfer from the π{sup *} orbital of the base to the σ{sup *} orbital of the glycosidic N–C bond. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the metastable state formed aftermore » impinging LEE (0–1 eV) has very short lifetime (10 fs) which may decay in either of the two competing auto-detachment or dissociation process simultaneously. On the other hand, the selected N–C mode may cleave to form the cytosine base anion at higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> regions (>2 eV) via tunneling of the glycosidic bond. Resonance states generated within this <span class="hlt">energy</span> regime will exist for a duration of ∼35–55 fs. Comparison of salient features of the two dissociation events, i.e., 3′ C–O single strand break and glycosidic N–C bond cleavage in 3′-dCMPH molecule are also provided.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMPSo..58....1M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMPSo..58....1M"><span>The <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rate and “self-force” of dynamically expanding spherical and plane inclusion boundaries with dilatational eigenstrain</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Markenscoff, Xanthippi; Ni, Luqun</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In the context of the linear theory of elasticity with eigenstrains, the radiated field including inertia effects of a spherical inclusion with dilatational eigenstrain radially expanding is obtained on the basis of the dynamic Green's function, and one of the half-space inclusion boundary (with dilatational eigenstrain) moving from rest in general subsonic motion is obtained by a limiting process from the spherically expanding inclusion as the radius tends to infinity while the eigenstrain remains constrained, and this is the minimum <span class="hlt">energy</span> solution. The global <span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rate required to move the plane inclusion boundary and to create an incremental region of eigenstrain is defined analogously to the one for moving cracks and dislocations and represents the mechanical rate of work needed to be provide for the expansion of the inclusion. The calculated value, which is the "self-force" of the expanding inclusion, has a static component plus a dynamic one depending only on the current value of the velocity, while in the case of the spherical boundary, there is an <span class="hlt">additional</span> contribution accounting for the jump in the strain at the farthest part at the back of the inclusion having the time to reach the front boundary, thus making the dynamic "self-force" history dependent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJD...70..130R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJD...70..130R"><span>Kinetic-<span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distributions of fragment anions from collisions of potassium atoms with D-Ribose and tetrahydrofuran*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rebelo, André; Cunha, Tiago; Mendes, Mónica; da Silva, Filipe Ferreira; García, Gustavo; Limão-Vieira, Paulo</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Kinetic-<span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distributions have been obtained from the width and shapes of the time-of-flight (TOF) negative ion mass peaks formed in collisions of fast potassium atoms with D-Ribose (DR) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecules. Recent dissociative ion-pair formation experiments yielding anion formation have shown that the dominant fragment from D-Ribose is OH- [D. Almeida, F. Ferreira da Silva, G. García, P. Limão-Vieira, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 114304 (2013)] whereas in the case of THF is O- [D. Almeida, F. Ferreira da Silva, S. Eden, G. García, P. Limão-Vieira, J. Phys. Chem. A 118, 690 (2014)]. The results for DR and THF show an <span class="hlt">energy</span> distribution profile reminiscent of statistical degradation via vibrational excitation and partly due to direct transformation of the excess <span class="hlt">energy</span> in translational <span class="hlt">energy</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1415918','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1415918"><span>The Current State of <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Manufacturing in Wind <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mann, Margaret; Palmer, Sierra; Lee, Dominic</p> <p></p> <p>Wind power is an inexhaustible form of <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is being captured throughout the U.S. to power the engine of our economy. A robust, domestic wind industry promises to increase U.S. industry growth and competitiveness, strengthen U.S. <span class="hlt">energy</span> security independence, and promote domestic manufacturing nationwide. As of 2016, ~82GW of wind capacity had been installed, and wind power now provides more than 5.5% of the nation’s electricity and supports more than 100,000 domestic jobs, including 500 manufacturing facilities in 43 States. To reach the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) 2015 Wind Vision study scenario of wind power serving 35% ofmore » the nation's end-use demand by 2050, significant advances are necessary in all areas of wind technologies and market. An area that can greatly impact the cost and rate of innovation in wind technologies is the use of advanced manufacturing, with one of the most promising areas being <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing (AM). Considering the tremendous promise offered by advanced manufacturing, it is the purpose of this report to identify the use of AM in the production and operation of wind <span class="hlt">energy</span> systems. The report has been produced as a collaborative effort for the DOE Wind <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Technology Office (WETO), between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the National Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Laboratory (NREL).« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7045797','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7045797"><span>Hanford waste-form <span class="hlt">release</span> and sediment interaction: A status report with rationale and recommendations for <span class="hlt">additional</span> studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Serne, R.J.; Wood, M.I.</p> <p>1990-05-01</p> <p>This report documents the currently available geochemical data base for <span class="hlt">release</span> and retardation for actual Hanford Site materials (wastes and/or sediments). The report also recommends specific laboratory tests and presents the rationale for the recommendations. The purpose of this document is threefold: to summarize currently available information, to provide a strategy for generating <span class="hlt">additional</span> data, and to provide recommendations on specific data collection methods and tests matrices. This report outlines a data collection approach that relies on feedback from performance analyses to ascertain when adequate data have been collected. The data collection scheme emphasizes laboratory testing based on empiricism. 196more » refs., 4 figs., 36 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29399738','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29399738"><span>Biogeographic differences in soil biota promote invasive grass response to nutrient <span class="hlt">addition</span> relative to co-occurring species despite lack of belowground enemy <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Broadbent, Arthur A D; Stevens, Carly J; Ostle, Nicholas J; Orwin, Kate H</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Multiple plant species invasions and increases in nutrient availability are pervasive drivers of global environmental change that often co-occur. Many plant invasion studies, however, focus on single-species or single-mechanism invasions, risking an oversimplification of a multifaceted process. Here, we test how biogeographic differences in soil biota, such as belowground enemy <span class="hlt">release</span>, interact with increases in nutrient availability to influence invasive plant growth. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using three co-occurring invasive grasses and one native grass. We grew species in live and sterilized soil from the invader's native (United Kingdom) and introduced (New Zealand) ranges with a nutrient <span class="hlt">addition</span> treatment. We found no evidence for belowground enemy <span class="hlt">release</span>. However, species' responses to nutrients varied, and this depended on soil origin and sterilization. In live soil from the introduced range, the invasive species Lolium perenne L. responded more positively to nutrient <span class="hlt">addition</span> than co-occurring invasive and native species. In contrast, in live soil from the native range and in sterilized soils, there were no differences in species' responses to nutrients. This suggests that the presence of soil biota from the introduced range allowed L. perenne to capture <span class="hlt">additional</span> nutrients better than co-occurring species. Considering the globally widespread nature of anthropogenic nutrient <span class="hlt">additions</span> to ecosystems, this effect could be contributing to a global homogenization of flora and the associated losses in native species diversity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........46G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........46G"><span>Redefining RECs: <span class="hlt">Additionality</span> in the voluntary Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Certificate market</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gillenwater, Michael Wayne</p> <p></p> <p>In the United States, electricity consumers are told that they can "buy" electricity from renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span> projects, versus fossil fuel-fired facilities, through participation in a voluntary green power program. The marketing messages communicate to consumers that their participation and premium payments for a green label will cause <span class="hlt">additional</span> renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation and thereby allow them to claim they consume electricity that is absent pollution as well as reduce pollutant emissions. Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Certificates (RECs) and wind <span class="hlt">energy</span> are the basis for the majority of the voluntary green power market in the United States. This dissertation addresses the question: Do project developers respond to the voluntary REC market in the United States by altering their decisions to invest in wind turbines? This question is investigated by modeling and probabilistically quantifying the effect of the voluntary REC market on a representative wind power investor in the United States using data from formal expert elicitations of active participants in the industry. It is further explored by comparing the distribution of a sample of wind power projects supplying the voluntary green power market in the United States against an economic viability model that incorporates geographic factors. This dissertation contributes the first quantitative analysis of the effect of the voluntary REC market on project investment. It is found that 1) RECs should be not treated as equivalent to emission offset credits, 2) there is no clearly credible role for voluntary market RECs in emissions trading markets without dramatic restructuring of one or both markets and the environmental commodities they trade, and 3) the use of RECs in entity-level GHG emissions accounting (i.e., "carbon footprinting") leads to double counting of emissions and therefore is not justified. The impotence of the voluntary REC market was, at least in part, due to the small magnitude of the REC price signal and lack of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22492306-development-flexible-free-standing-thin-films-additive-manufacturing-localized-energy-generation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22492306-development-flexible-free-standing-thin-films-additive-manufacturing-localized-energy-generation"><span>Development of flexible, free-standing, thin films for <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing and localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Clark, Billy; McCollum, Jena; Pantoya, Michelle L., E-mail: michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu</p> <p>2015-08-15</p> <p>Film energetics are becoming increasingly popular because a variety of technologies are driving a need for localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation in a stable, safe and flexible form. Aluminum (Al) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO{sub 3}) composites were mixed into a silicon binder and extruded using a blade casting technique to form flexible free-standing films ideal for localized <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation. Since this material can be extruded onto a surface it is well suited to <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing applications. This study examines the influence of 0-35% by mass potassium perchlorate (KClO{sub 4}) <span class="hlt">additive</span> on the combustion behavior of these energetic films. Without KClO{sub 4} themore » film exhibits thermal instabilities that produce unsteady <span class="hlt">energy</span> propagation upon reaction. All films were cast at a thickness of 1 mm with constant volume percent solids to ensure consistent rheological properties. The films were ignited and flame propagation was measured. The results show that as the mass percent KClO{sub 4} increased, the flame speed increased and peaked at 0.43 cm/s and 30 wt% KClO{sub 4}. Thermochemical equilibrium simulations show that the heat of combustion increases with increasing KClO{sub 4} concentration up to a maximum at 20 wt% when the heat of combustion plateaus, indicating that the increased chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> liberated by the <span class="hlt">additional</span> KClO{sub 4} promotes stable <span class="hlt">energy</span> propagation. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis show that the silicone binder participates as a fuel and reacts with KClO{sub 4} adding <span class="hlt">energy</span> to the reaction and promoting propagation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120008792&hterms=ply&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3D.ply','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120008792&hterms=ply&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3D.ply"><span>Adhesive-Bonded Composite Joint Analysis with Delaminated Surface Ply Using Strain-<span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chadegani, Alireza; Yang, Chihdar; Smeltzer, Stanley S. III</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents an analytical model to determine the strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate due to an interlaminar crack of the surface ply in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to axial tension. Single-lap shear-joint standard test specimen geometry with thick bondline is followed for model development. The field equations are formulated by using the first-order shear-deformation theory in laminated plates together with kinematics relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. The system of second-order differential equations is solved to using the symbolic computation tool Maple 9.52 to provide displacements fields. The equivalent forces at the tip of the prescribed interlaminar crack are obtained based on interlaminar stress distributions. The strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of the crack is then determined by using the crack closure method. Finite element analyses using the J integral as well as the crack closure method are performed to verify the developed analytical model. It has been shown that the results using the analytical method correlate well with the results from the finite element analyses. An attempt is made to predict the failure loads of the joints based on limited test data from the literature. The effectiveness of the inclusion of bondline thickness is justified when compared with the results obtained from the previous model in which a thin bondline and uniform adhesive stresses through the bondline thickness are assumed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18495391','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18495391"><span>Wax-based sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> matrix pellets prepared by a novel freeze pelletization technique II. In vitro drug <span class="hlt">release</span> studies and <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanisms.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheboyina, Sreekhar; Wyandt, Christy M</p> <p>2008-07-09</p> <p>A novel freeze pelletization technique was evaluated for the preparation of wax-based sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> matrix pellets. Pellets containing water-soluble drugs were successfully prepared using a variety of waxes. The drug <span class="hlt">release</span> significantly depended on the wax type used and the aqueous drug solubility. The drug <span class="hlt">release</span> decreased as the hydrophobicity of wax increased and the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> increased as the aqueous drug solubility increased. In glyceryl monostearate (GMS) pellets, drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate decreased as the loading of theophylline increased. On the contrary, the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increased as the drug loading of diltiazem HCl increased in Precirol pellets. Theophylline at low drug loads existed in a dissolved state in GMS pellets and the <span class="hlt">release</span> followed desorption kinetics. At higher loads, theophylline existed in a crystalline state and the <span class="hlt">release</span> followed dissolution-controlled constant <span class="hlt">release</span> for all the waxes studied. However, with the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of increasing amounts of Brij 76, theophylline <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increased and the <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism shifted to diffusion-controlled square root time kinetics. But the <span class="hlt">release</span> of diltiazem HCl from Precirol pellets at all drug loads, followed diffusion-controlled square root time kinetics. Therefore, pellets capable of providing a variety of <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles for different drugs can be prepared using this freeze pelletization technique by suitably modifying the pellet forming matrix compositions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...10519111R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...10519111R"><span>Surface displacements and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates for constant stress drop slip zones in joined elastic quarter spaces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, Michael J.; Wen, Shengmin; Keer, Leon M.</p> <p>2000-08-01</p> <p>A three-dimensional quasi-static model of faulting in an elastic half-space with a horizontal change of material properties (i.e., joined elastic quarter spaces) is considered. A boundary element method is used with a stress drop slip zone approach so that the fault surface relative displacements as well as the free surface displacements are approximated in elements over their respective domains. Stress intensity factors and free surface displacements are calculated for a variety of cases to show the phenomenological behavior of faulting in such a medium. These calculations showed that the behavior could be distinguished from a uniform half-space. Slip in a stiffer material increases, while slip in a softer material decreases the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate and the free surface displacements. Also, the 1989 Kalapana earthquake was located on the basis of a series of forward searches using this method and leveling data. The located depth is 8 km, which is the closer to the seismically inferred depth than that determined from other models. Finally, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, which can be used as a fracture criterion for fracture at this depth, is calculated to be 11.1×106 J m-2.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870004360','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870004360"><span>Q3DG: A computer program for strain-<span class="hlt">energy-release</span> rates for delamination growth in composite laminates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Raju, I. S.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The Q3DG is a computer program developed to perform a quasi-three-dimensional stress analysis for composite laminates which may contain delaminations. The laminates may be subjected to mechanical, thermal, and hygroscopic loads. The program uses the finite element method and models the laminates with eight-noded parabolic isoparametric elements. The program computes the strain-<span class="hlt">energy-release</span> components and the total strain-<span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in all three modes for delamination growth. A rectangular mesh and data file generator, DATGEN, is included. The DATGEN program can be executed interactively and is user friendly. The documentation includes sections dealing with the Q3D analysis theory, derivation of element stiffness matrices and consistent load vectors for the parabolic element. Several sample problems with the input for Q3DG and output from the program are included. The capabilities of the DATGEN program are illustrated with examples of interactive sessions. A microfiche of all the examples is included. The Q3DG and DATGEN programs have been implemented on CYBER 170 class computers. Q3DG and DATGEN were developed at the Langley Research Center during the early eighties and documented in 1984 to 1985.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28773009','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28773009"><span>Understanding Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> Data through Thermodynamic Analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Freire, Marjorie Caroline Liberato Cavalcanti; Alexandrino, Francisco; Marcelino, Henrique Rodrigues; Picciani, Paulo Henrique de Souza; Silva, Kattya Gyselle de Holanda E; Genre, Julieta; Oliveira, Anselmo Gomes de; Egito, Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do</p> <p>2017-06-13</p> <p>Understanding the factors that can modify the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> profile of a drug from a Drug-Delivery-System (DDS) is a mandatory step to determine the effectiveness of new therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the Amphotericin-B (AmB) kinetic <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles from polymeric systems with different compositions and geometries and to correlate these profiles with the thermodynamic parameters through mathematical modeling. Film casting and electrospinning techniques were used to compare behavior of films and fibers, respectively. <span class="hlt">Release</span> profiles from the DDSs were performed, and the mathematical modeling of the data was carried out. Activation <span class="hlt">energy</span>, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> process were determined. AmB <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles showed that the relationship to overcome the enthalpic barrier was PVA-fiber > PVA-film > PLA-fiber > PLA-film. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics from the fibers and the films were better fitted on the Peppas-Sahlin and Higuchi models, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters corroborate these findings, revealing that the AmB <span class="hlt">release</span> from the evaluated systems was an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. Thermodynamic parameters can be used to explain the drug kinetic <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles. Such an approach is of utmost importance for DDS containing insoluble compounds, such as AmB, which is associated with an erratic bioavailability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5554032','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5554032"><span>Understanding Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> Data through Thermodynamic Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Freire, Marjorie Caroline Liberato Cavalcanti; Alexandrino, Francisco; Marcelino, Henrique Rodrigues; Picciani, Paulo Henrique de Souza; Silva, Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e; Genre, Julieta; de Oliveira, Anselmo Gomes; do Egito, Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Understanding the factors that can modify the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> profile of a drug from a Drug-Delivery-System (DDS) is a mandatory step to determine the effectiveness of new therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the Amphotericin-B (AmB) kinetic <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles from polymeric systems with different compositions and geometries and to correlate these profiles with the thermodynamic parameters through mathematical modeling. Film casting and electrospinning techniques were used to compare behavior of films and fibers, respectively. <span class="hlt">Release</span> profiles from the DDSs were performed, and the mathematical modeling of the data was carried out. Activation <span class="hlt">energy</span>, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> process were determined. AmB <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles showed that the relationship to overcome the enthalpic barrier was PVA-fiber > PVA-film > PLA-fiber > PLA-film. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics from the fibers and the films were better fitted on the Peppas–Sahlin and Higuchi models, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters corroborate these findings, revealing that the AmB <span class="hlt">release</span> from the evaluated systems was an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. Thermodynamic parameters can be used to explain the drug kinetic <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles. Such an approach is of utmost importance for DDS containing insoluble compounds, such as AmB, which is associated with an erratic bioavailability. PMID:28773009</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24978099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24978099"><span>Observations of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of non-methane hydrocarbons from fractured shale.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sommariva, Roberto; Blake, Robert S; Cuss, Robert J; Cordell, Rebecca L; Harrington, Jon F; White, Iain R; Monks, Paul S</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The organic content of shale has become of commercial interest as a source of hydrocarbons, owing to the development of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"). While the main focus is on the extraction of methane, shale also contains significant amounts of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). We describe the first real-time observations of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of NMHCs from a fractured shale. Samples from the Bowland-Hodder formation (England) were analyzed under different conditions using mass spectrometry, with the objective of understanding the dynamic process of gas <span class="hlt">release</span> upon fracturing of the shale. A wide range of NMHCs (alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, and bicyclic hydrocarbons) are <span class="hlt">released</span> at parts per million or parts per billion level with temperature- and humidity-dependent <span class="hlt">release</span> rates, which can be rationalized in terms of the physicochemical characteristics of different hydrocarbon classes. Our results indicate that higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> inputs (i.e., temperatures) significantly increase the amount of NMHCs <span class="hlt">released</span> from shale, while humidity tends to suppress it; <span class="hlt">additionally</span>, a large fraction of the gas is <span class="hlt">released</span> within the first hour after the shale has been fractured. These findings suggest that other hydrocarbons of commercial interest may be extracted from shale and open the possibility to optimize the "fracking" process, improving gas yields and reducing environmental impacts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433200"><span>Relationships between surface free <span class="hlt">energy</span>, surface texture parameters and controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span> in hydrophilic matrices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saurí, J; Suñé-Negre, J M; Díaz-Marcos, J; Vilana, J; Millán, D; Ticó, J R; Miñarro, M; Pérez-Lozano, P; García-Montoya, E</p> <p>2015-01-15</p> <p>The study of controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> and drug <span class="hlt">release</span> devices has been dominated by considerations of the bulk or average properties of material or devices. Yet the outermost surface atoms play a central role in their performance. The objective of this article has been to characterize the surface of hydrophilic matrix tablets using the contact angle (CA) method to ascertain the surface free <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy (CM) for the physical characterization of the surface of the hydrophilic matrix. The surface free <span class="hlt">energy</span> results obtained show that hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M hinders the spreading of water on the surface of the tablet, such that the concentration of HPMC K15M increases the reaction rate of the hydrophobic interactions between the chains of HPMC K15M which increases with respect to the rate of penetration of water into the tablet. In this study, we developed a new method to characterize the swelling of the tablets and established a relationship between the new method based on microswelling and the swelling ratio parameter. The surface texture parameters have been determined and the morphology of the tablets of the different formulations and the evolution of the surface morphology after interacting with the water, swelling and forming a gel layer were characterized. This work represents significant progress in the characterization of matrix tablets. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965044','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965044"><span>High translational <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in H2 (D2) associative desorption from H (D) chemisorbed on C(0001).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baouche, S; Gamborg, G; Petrunin, V V; Luntz, A C; Baurichter, A; Hornekaer, L</p> <p>2006-08-28</p> <p>Highly energetic translational <span class="hlt">energy</span> distributions are reported for hydrogen and deuterium molecules desorbing associatively from the atomic chemisorption states on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Laser assisted associative desorption is used to measure the time of flight of molecules desorbing from a hydrogen (deuterium) saturated HOPG surface produced by atomic exposure from a thermal atom source at around 2100 K. The translational <span class="hlt">energy</span> distributions normal to the surface are very broad, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 3 eV, with a peak at approximately 1.3 eV. The highest translational <span class="hlt">energy</span> measured is close to the theoretically predicted barrier height. The angular distribution of the desorbing molecules is sharply peaked along the surface normal and is consistent with thermal broadening contributing to <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> parallel to the surface. All results are in qualitative agreement with recent density functional theory calculations suggesting a lowest <span class="hlt">energy</span> para-type dimer recombination path.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122b4104X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122b4104X"><span>Effect of temperature-driven phase transition on <span class="hlt">energy</span>-storage and -<span class="hlt">release</span> properties of Pb0.97La0.02[Zr0.55Sn0.30Ti0.15]O3 ceramics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Ran; Tian, Jingjing; Zhu, Qingshan; Feng, Yujun; Wei, Xiaoyong; Xu, Zhuo</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Temperature-driven phase transition of Pb0.97La0.02[Zr0.55Sn0.30Ti0.15]O3 ceramics was studied, and the consecutive ferroelectric-antiferroelectric-paraelectric (FE-AFE-PE) switching was confirmed. The materials have better dielectric tunability (-82% to 50%) in the AFE state than in the FE state. Also, the phase transition influences the <span class="hlt">energy</span>-storage and -<span class="hlt">release</span> performance significantly. A sharp increase in <span class="hlt">releasable</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> density and efficiency was observed due to the temperature-driven FE-AFE transition. Highest <span class="hlt">releasable</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> density, current density, and peak power density were achieved at 130 °C, which was attributed to the highest backward transition field. The stored charge was <span class="hlt">released</span> completely in AFE and PE states in the microseconds scale, while only a small part of it was <span class="hlt">released</span> in the FE state. The above results indicate the huge impact of temperature-driven phase transition on dielectrics' performance, which is significant when developing AFE materials working in a wide temperature range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26454181','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26454181"><span>Competitive interactions and controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of a natural antioxidant from halloysite nanotubes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hári, József; Gyürki, Ádám; Sárközi, Márk; Földes, Enikő; Pukánszky, Béla</p> <p>2016-01-15</p> <p>Halloysite nanotubes used as potential carrier material for a controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> stabilizer in polyethylene were thoroughly characterized with several techniques including the measurement of specific surface area, pore volume and surface <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The high surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the halloysite results in the strong bonding of the <span class="hlt">additive</span> to the surface. Dissolution experiments carried out with eight different solvents for the determination of the effect of solvent characteristics on the amount of irreversibly bonded quercetin proved that adsorption and dissolution depend on competitive interactions prevailing in the system. Solvents with low polarity dissolve only surplus quercetin adsorbed in multilayers. Polyethylene is a very apolar polymer forming weak interactions with every substance; quercetin dissolves into it from the halloysite surface only above a critical surface coverage. Stabilization experiments confirmed that strong adhesion prevents dissolution and results in limited stabilization efficiency. At larger adsorbed amounts better stability and extended effect were measured indicating dissolution and controlled <span class="hlt">release</span>. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPS...329..197Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPS...329..197Y"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> distributions exhibited during thermal runaway of commercial lithium ion batteries used for human spaceflight applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yayathi, Sandeep; Walker, William; Doughty, Daniel; Ardebili, Haleh</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries provide low mass and <span class="hlt">energy</span> dense solutions necessary for space exploration, but thermal related safety concerns impede the utilization of Li-ion technology for human applications. Experimental characterization of thermal runaway <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> with accelerated rate calorimetry supports safer thermal management systems. 'Standard' accelerated rate calorimetry setup provides means to measure the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> exhibited through the body of a Li-ion cell. This study considers the total <span class="hlt">energy</span> generated during thermal runaway as distributions between cell body and hot gases via inclusion of a unique secondary enclosure inside the calorimeter; this closed system not only contains the cell body and gaseous species, but also captures <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> associated with rapid heat transfer to the system unobserved by measurements taken on the cell body. Experiments include Boston Power Swing 5300, Samsung 18650-26F and MoliCel 18650-J Li-ion cells at varied states-of-charge. An inverse relationship between state-of-charge and onset temperature is observed. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> contained in the cell body and gaseous species are successfully characterized; gaseous <span class="hlt">energy</span> is minimal. Significant <span class="hlt">additional</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> is measured with the heating of the secondary enclosure. Improved calorimeter apparatus including a secondary enclosure provides essential capability to measuring total <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> distributions during thermal runaway.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1225697','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1225697"><span>Methods and <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage devices utilizing electrolytes having surface-smoothing <span class="hlt">additives</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Xu, Wu; Zhang, Jiguang; Graff, Gordon L; Chen, Xilin; Ding, Fei</p> <p>2015-11-12</p> <p>Electrodeposition and <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage devices utilizing an electrolyte having a surface-smoothing <span class="hlt">additive</span> can result in self-healing, instead of self-amplification, of initial protuberant tips that give rise to roughness and/or dendrite formation on the substrate and anode surface. For electrodeposition of a first metal (M1) on a substrate or anode from one or more cations of M1 in an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution is characterized by a surface-smoothing <span class="hlt">additive</span> containing cations of a second metal (M2), wherein cations of M2 have an effective electrochemical reduction potential in the solution lower than that of the cations of M1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10198957','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10198957"><span>[Effect of biologically active food <span class="hlt">additives</span> on <span class="hlt">energy</span> metabolism and human body weight].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gapparov, M M</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Review is devoted to analysis of human <span class="hlt">energy</span> requirements depending on age, sex, occupational and living condition. Special attention was paid to importance of strict balance in organism between consumption and expense of <span class="hlt">energy</span>. Modern views on mechanism of action food supplements as <span class="hlt">additional</span> instrument of regulation of <span class="hlt">energy</span> metabolism for correction of surplus body weight is given. Review is the first attempt of systematisation of biologically active food supplements according to their mechanism of action both on nutrition processes and on biochemical mechanisms of assimilation and utilisation of macronutrients, in particular of fats and carbohydrates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4213712','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4213712"><span>The Influence of Feed <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Density and a Formulated <span class="hlt">Additive</span> on Rumen and Rectal Temperature in Hanwoo Steers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cho, Sangbuem; Mbiriri, David Tinotenda; Shim, Kwanseob; Lee, A-Leum; Oh, Seong-Jin; Yang, Jinho; Ryu, Chaehwa; Kim, Young-Hoon; Seo, Kang-Seok; Chae, Jung-Il; Oh, Young Kyoon; Choi, Nag-Jin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The present study investigated the optimum blending condition of protected fat, choline and yeast culture for lowering of rumen temperature. The Box Benken experimental design, a fractional factorial arrangement, and response surface methodology were employed. The optimum blending condition was determined using the rumen simulated in vitro fermentation. An <span class="hlt">additive</span> formulated on the optimum condition contained 50% of protected fat, 25% of yeast culture, 5% of choline, 7% of organic zinc, 6.5% of cinnamon, and 6.5% of stevioside. The feed <span class="hlt">additive</span> was supplemented at a rate of 0.1% of diet (orchard grass:concentrate, 3:7) and compared with a control which had no <span class="hlt">additive</span>. The treatment resulted in lower volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and biogas than the control. To investigate the effect of the optimized <span class="hlt">additive</span> and feed <span class="hlt">energy</span> levels on rumen and rectal temperatures, four rumen cannulated Hanwoo (Korean native beef breed) steers were in a 4×4 Latin square design. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> levels were varied to low and high by altering the ratio of forage to concentrate in diet: low <span class="hlt">energy</span> (6:4) and high <span class="hlt">energy</span> (4:6). The <span class="hlt">additive</span> was added at a rate of 0.1% of the diet. The following parameters were measured; feed intake, rumen and rectal temperatures, ruminal pH and VFA concentration. This study was conducted in an environmentally controlled house with temperature set at 30°C and relative humidity levels of 70%. Steers were housed individually in raised crates to facilitate collection of urine and feces. The adaptation period was for 14 days, 2 days for sampling and 7 days for resting the animals. The <span class="hlt">additive</span> significantly reduced both rumen (p<0.01) and rectal temperatures (p<0.001) without depressed feed intake. There were interactions (p<0.01) between <span class="hlt">energy</span> level and <span class="hlt">additive</span> on ruminal temperature. Neither <span class="hlt">additive</span> nor <span class="hlt">energy</span> level had an effect on total VFA concentration. The <span class="hlt">additive</span> however, significantly increased (p<0.01) propionate and subsequently had lower</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25358327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25358327"><span>The influence of feed <span class="hlt">energy</span> density and a formulated <span class="hlt">additive</span> on rumen and rectal temperature in hanwoo steers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cho, Sangbuem; Mbiriri, David Tinotenda; Shim, Kwanseob; Lee, A-Leum; Oh, Seong-Jin; Yang, Jinho; Ryu, Chaehwa; Kim, Young-Hoon; Seo, Kang-Seok; Chae, Jung-Il; Oh, Young Kyoon; Choi, Nag-Jin</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The present study investigated the optimum blending condition of protected fat, choline and yeast culture for lowering of rumen temperature. The Box Benken experimental design, a fractional factorial arrangement, and response surface methodology were employed. The optimum blending condition was determined using the rumen simulated in vitro fermentation. An <span class="hlt">additive</span> formulated on the optimum condition contained 50% of protected fat, 25% of yeast culture, 5% of choline, 7% of organic zinc, 6.5% of cinnamon, and 6.5% of stevioside. The feed <span class="hlt">additive</span> was supplemented at a rate of 0.1% of diet (orchard grass:concentrate, 3:7) and compared with a control which had no <span class="hlt">additive</span>. The treatment resulted in lower volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and biogas than the control. To investigate the effect of the optimized <span class="hlt">additive</span> and feed <span class="hlt">energy</span> levels on rumen and rectal temperatures, four rumen cannulated Hanwoo (Korean native beef breed) steers were in a 4×4 Latin square design. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> levels were varied to low and high by altering the ratio of forage to concentrate in diet: low <span class="hlt">energy</span> (6:4) and high <span class="hlt">energy</span> (4:6). The <span class="hlt">additive</span> was added at a rate of 0.1% of the diet. The following parameters were measured; feed intake, rumen and rectal temperatures, ruminal pH and VFA concentration. This study was conducted in an environmentally controlled house with temperature set at 30°C and relative humidity levels of 70%. Steers were housed individually in raised crates to facilitate collection of urine and feces. The adaptation period was for 14 days, 2 days for sampling and 7 days for resting the animals. The <span class="hlt">additive</span> significantly reduced both rumen (p<0.01) and rectal temperatures (p<0.001) without depressed feed intake. There were interactions (p<0.01) between <span class="hlt">energy</span> level and <span class="hlt">additive</span> on ruminal temperature. Neither <span class="hlt">additive</span> nor <span class="hlt">energy</span> level had an effect on total VFA concentration. The <span class="hlt">additive</span> however, significantly increased (p<0.01) propionate and subsequently had lower</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98060','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98060"><span>Calcium in the control of renin <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, C S; Malvin, R L</p> <p>1978-07-01</p> <p>The effect of Ca concentrations in the incubation medium and of estimated intracellular Ca concentrations on renin <span class="hlt">release</span> was examined with use of pig renal cortical slices. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the Ca requirement for the epinephrine stimulatory effect and for the ouabain inhibitory action on renin <span class="hlt">release</span> was also tested. In mediums containing 5.9 mM K, variations in Ca concentration had no effect on renin <span class="hlt">release</span>. In contrast, when the K concentration was 59 mM, a significant inhibition of renin <span class="hlt">release</span> was attained with all concentrations of calcium. The inhibition of renin <span class="hlt">release</span> in high K mediums by Ca was attributed to an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, both the stimulatory effect of epinephrine and the inhibitory effect of ouabain on renin <span class="hlt">release</span> required Ca in the medium. These results support the hypothesis that the control of renin secretion is mediated, in part, by changes in the intracellular concentration of Ca, most likely in the juxtaglomerular cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.16900024T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.16900024T"><span>Fission fragment yields and total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in neutron-induced fission of235,238U,and239Pu</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tovesson, F.; Duke, D.; Geppert-Kleinrath, V.; Manning, B.; Mayorov, D.; Mosby, S.; Schmitt, K.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Different aspects of the nuclear fission process have been studied at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) using various instruments and experimental techniques. Properties of the fragments emitted in fission have been investigated using Frisch-grid ionization chambers, a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), and the SPIDER instrument which employs the 2v-2E method. These instruments and experimental techniques have been used to determine fission product mass yields, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> dependent total kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TKE) <span class="hlt">release</span>, and anisotropy in neutron-induced fission of U-235, U-238 and Pu-239.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4498003','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4498003"><span>Modulating dopamine <span class="hlt">release</span> by optogenetics in transgenic mice reveals terminal dopaminergic dynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lu, Yao; Driscoll, Nicolette; Ozden, Ilker; Yu, Zeyang; Nurmikko, Arto V.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract. Dopamine (DA) <span class="hlt">release</span> and uptake dynamics in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have important implications for neurological diseases and mammalian animal behaviors. We demonstrate here the use of cell-type-specific optogenetic targeting in conjunction with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry applied to brain slices prepared from specifically tailored transgenic mice, which conditionally express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) through dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre. Terminal dopaminergic dynamics and the direct manipulation of induced DA <span class="hlt">release</span> level by controlling light intensity, pulse width, and the shape of stimulation waveforms were studied. Effective cell terminal-targeting optogenetic induction of DA <span class="hlt">release</span> at physiological levels in NAc is demonstrated and discussed. It was found that delivering more light <span class="hlt">energy</span> by increasing stimulation intensity and length is not the only way to control DA <span class="hlt">release</span>; the temporal shape of the stimulus waveform at light onset is also critically related to induced DA concentrations. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, DA uptake dynamics as well as the recovery of the presynaptic <span class="hlt">releasable</span> DA pool are studied and modeled. More broadly, our experimental findings provide important further evidence for effectively applying optogenetics to induce neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> in the behaviorally relevant region of the brain in a highly cell-type selective context. PMID:26171413</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2003 - Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. 20.2003 Section 20.2003 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2003 Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. (a) A licensee may discharge licensed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2003 - Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. 20.2003 Section 20.2003 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2003 Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. (a) A licensee may discharge licensed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2003 - Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. 20.2003 Section 20.2003 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2003 Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. (a) A licensee may discharge licensed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2003 - Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. 20.2003 Section 20.2003 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2003 Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. (a) A licensee may discharge licensed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol1-sec20-2003.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2003 - Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. 20.2003 Section 20.2003 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2003 Disposal by <span class="hlt">release</span> into sanitary sewerage. (a) A licensee may discharge licensed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA554571','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA554571"><span>Development of Techniques for Investigating <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Contributions to Target Deformation and Penetration During Reactive Projectile Hypervelocity Impact</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>a reactive and a non reactive shaped charge liner is in the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of the combustion ... reactive shaped charge jets the reaction is explained and the possible <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of the metal combustion is estimated. <span class="hlt">Addition</span>- ally the...Charges In a shaped charge a -in most cases- conical cavity in the explosive is covered with a liner. If the explosive detonates , a small portion</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH21A2064G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH21A2064G"><span>Intermittent Flare <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span>: A Signature of Contracting Magnetic Islands from Reconnection?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guidoni, S. E.; Karpen, J. T.; DeVore, C.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Many flares show short-lived enhancements of emission that protrude above their smooth underlying emission. These spikes have been observed over a vast <span class="hlt">energy</span> spectrum, from radio to hard x-rays. In hard X-rays, for example, their duration ranges from 0.2 to 2 s, with the majority occurring during the flare impulsive phase (Cheng 2012). In most cases, this intermittent <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is situated at the footpoints of flare arcades where ionized particles, previously accelerated to high <span class="hlt">energies</span> at coronal heights, are decelerated by the dense solar surface. It is not yet understood what mechanisms accelerate ionized particles to the <span class="hlt">energies</span> required to produce the observed emission spikes. Drake et al. (2006) proposed a kinetic mechanism for accelerating electrons from contracting magnetic islands that form as reconnection proceeds, analogous to the <span class="hlt">energy</span> gain of a ball bouncing between converging walls. They estimated that multi-island regions of macroscopic dimensions might account for the required acceleration rates in flares, but at this time it is impractical to simulate large-scale systems in kinetic models. On the other hand, our recent high-resolution MHD simulations of a breakout eruptive flare (Karpen et al. 2012) allow us to resolve in detail the generation and evolution of macroscopic magnetic islands in a flare current sheet. Incorporating a rigorous kinetic model into our global simulations is not feasible at present. However, we intend to breach the gap between kinetic and fluid models by characterizing the contractions of islands as they move away from the main reconnection site, to determine their plausibility as candidates for the observed bursts of radiation. With our null-tracking capabilities, we follow the creation and evolution of the X- and O-type (island) nulls that result from spatially and temporally localized reconnection. Different regimes of current-sheet reconnection (slow/fast), island sizes, rates of island coalescence, and rates</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhDT.......100F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhDT.......100F"><span>Sol-gel encapsulation for controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and biosensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fang, Jonathan</p> <p></p> <p>The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate the use of sol-gel encapsulation of biomolecules for controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and biosensing. Controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span> has advantages over conventional therapies in that it maintains a constant, therapeutic drug level in the body for prolonged periods of time. The anti-hypertensive drug Captopril was encapsulated in sol-gel materials of various forms, such as silica xerogels and nanoparticles. The primary objective was to show that sol-gel silica materials are promising drug carriers for controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> by <span class="hlt">releasing</span> Captopril at a <span class="hlt">release</span> rate that is within a therapeutic range. We were able to demonstrate desired <span class="hlt">release</span> for over a week from Captopril-doped silica xerogels and overall <span class="hlt">release</span> from Captopril-doped silica nanoparticles. As an aside, the antibiotic Vancomycin was also encapsulated in these porous silica nanoparticles and desired <span class="hlt">release</span> was obtained for several days in-vitro. The second part of the dissertation focuses on immobilizing antibodies and proteins in sol-gel to detect various analytes, such as hormones and amino acids. Sol-gel competitive immunoassays on antibody-doped silica xerogels were used for hormone detection. Calibration for insulin and C-peptide in standard solutions was obtained in the nM range. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, NASA-Ames is also interested in developing a reagentless biosensor using bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (bPBPs) to detect specific biomarkers, such as amino acids and phosphate. These bPBPs were doubly labeled with two different fluorophores and encapsulated in silica xerogels. Ligand-binding experiments were performed on the bPBPs in solution and in sol-gel. Ligand-binding was monitored by fluorescence resonance <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer (FRET) between the two fluorophores on the bPBP. Titration data show that one bPBP has retained its ligand-binding properties in sol-gel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/demand.html','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/demand.html"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> Demand (<span class="hlt">released</span> in AEO2010)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Growth in U.S. <span class="hlt">energy</span> use is linked to population growth through increases in demand for housing, commercial floorspace, transportation, manufacturing, and services. This affects not only the level of <span class="hlt">energy</span> use, but also the mix of fuels and consumption by sector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16508225','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16508225"><span>Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> peptide, in the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nagaya, Noritoshi; Kojima, Masakazu; Kangawa, Kenji</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> peptide, isolated from the stomach, which has been identified as an endogenous ligand for GH secretagogue receptor. The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the <span class="hlt">release</span> of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone, but also by ghrelin derived from the stomach. This peptide also stimulates food intake and induces adiposity through GH-independent mechanisms. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, ghrelin acts directly on the central nervous system to decrease sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, ghrelin plays important roles for maintaining GH <span class="hlt">release</span> and <span class="hlt">energy</span> homeostasis. Repeated administration of ghrelin improves body composition, muscle wasting, functional capacity, and sympathetic augmentation in cachectic patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These results suggest that ghrelin has anti-cachectic effects through GH-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, administration of ghrelin may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiopulmonary-associated cachexia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15195466','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15195466"><span>Assessment of the influence of <span class="hlt">energy</span> under-reporting on intake estimates of four food <span class="hlt">additives</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gilsenan, M B; Gibney, M J</p> <p>2004-03-01</p> <p>Under-reporting has been identified as an important source of uncertainty in food chemical exposure assessments. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of under-reporting on food <span class="hlt">additive</span> intake estimates. Dietary survey data were derived from the North-South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (2001). Data from the Republic of Ireland (n = 958) were used. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> under-reporters were identified using a ratio of <span class="hlt">energy</span> intakes to estimated basal metabolic rate. First, food categories (n = 26) included in an assessment of exposure of four food <span class="hlt">additives</span> were created and patterns of food intakes (i.e. likelihood of consumption, frequency of consumption and reported portion size) between acceptable and under-reporters compared. Second, for each food <span class="hlt">additive</span>, deterministic intake estimates for the total sample (i.e. acceptable and under-reporters), under-reporters and acceptable reporters were calculated and compared. Differential reporting of the majority of food categories between acceptable and under-reporters was recorded. Under-reporters were less likely to record the consumption of a given food and more likely to under-report the frequency of consumption and portion size compared with acceptable reporters. Food <span class="hlt">additive</span> intake estimates amongst acceptable reporters were higher than corresponding intake estimates amongst the total sample of reporters and amongst under-reporters. With the exception of one food <span class="hlt">additive</span> (erythrosine), ratios of upper percentile <span class="hlt">additive</span> intakes amongst acceptable reporters to corresponding intake estimates amongst the total sample of reporters did not exceed 1.06 when results were expressed as total population or consumer-only intakes. Findings illustrated that <span class="hlt">energy</span> under-reporting does not materially influence estimates of food <span class="hlt">additive</span> exposure based on the four food <span class="hlt">additives</span> studied. However, a number of situations were identified where the under-reporting might exert a more significant impact on resulting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27300485','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27300485"><span>Antibacterial Behavior of <span class="hlt">Additively</span> Manufactured Porous Titanium with Nanotubular Surfaces <span class="hlt">Releasing</span> Silver Ions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Amin Yavari, S; Loozen, L; Paganelli, F L; Bakhshandeh, S; Lietaert, K; Groot, J A; Fluit, A C; Boel, C H E; Alblas, J; Vogely, H C; Weinans, H; Zadpoor, A A</p> <p>2016-07-13</p> <p><span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing (3D printing) has enabled fabrication of geometrically complex and fully interconnected porous biomaterials with huge surface areas that could be used for biofunctionalization to achieve multifunctional biomaterials. Covering the huge surface area of such porous titanium with nanotubes has been already shown to result in improved bone regeneration performance and implant fixation. In this study, we loaded TiO2 nanotubes with silver antimicrobial agents to equip them with an <span class="hlt">additional</span> biofunctionality, i.e., antimicrobial behavior. An optimized anodizing protocol was used to create nanotubes on the entire surface area of direct metal printed porous titanium scaffolds. The nanotubes were then loaded by soaking them in three different concentrations (i.e., 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 M) of AgNO3 solution. The antimicrobial behavior and cell viability of the developed biomaterials were assessed. As far as the early time points (i.e., up to 1 day) are concerned, the biomaterials were found to be extremely effective in preventing biofilm formation and decreasing the number of planktonic bacteria particularly for the middle and high concentrations of silver ions. Interestingly, nanotubes not loaded with antimicrobial agents also showed significantly smaller numbers of adherent bacteria at day 1, which may be attributed to the bactericidal effect of high aspect ratio nanotopographies. The specimens with the highest concentrations of antimicrobial agents adversely affected cell viability at day 1, but this effect is expected to decrease or disappear in the following days as the rate of <span class="hlt">release</span> of silver ions was observed to markedly decrease within the next few days. The antimicrobial effects of the biomaterials, particularly the ones with the middle and high concentrations of antimicrobial agents, continued until 2 weeks. The potency of the developed biomaterials in decreasing the number of planktonic bacteria and hindering the formation of biofilms make</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..MARS26013H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..MARS26013H"><span>Effect of slow <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releasing</span> on divergent detonation of Insensitive High Explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hu, Xiaomian; Pan, Hao; Huang, Yong; Wu, Zihui</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>There exists a slow <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releasing</span> (SER) process in the slow reaction zone located behind the detonation wave due to the carbon cluster in the detonation products of Insensitive High Explosives (IHEs), and the process will affect the divergent detonation wave's propagation and the driving process of the explosives. To study the potential effect, a new artificial burn model including the SER process based on the programmed burn model is proposed in the paper. Quasi-steady analysis of the new model indicates that the nonlinearity of the detonation speed as a function of front curvature owes to the significant change of the reaction rate and the reaction zone length at the sonic state. What's more, in simulating the detonation of IHE JB-9014, the new model including the slow reaction can predict a slower jump-off velocity, in good agreement with the result of the test.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26ES...16a2150M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26ES...16a2150M"><span>One-dimensional analysis of unsteady flows due to supercritical heat <span class="hlt">addition</span> in high speed condensing steam</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Malek, N. A.; Hasini, H.; Yusoff, M. Z.</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Unsteadiness in supersonic flow in nozzles can be generated by the <span class="hlt">release</span> of heat due to spontaneous condensation. The heat <span class="hlt">released</span> is termed "supercritical" and may be responsible for turbine blades failure in turbine cascade as it causes a supersonic flow to decelerate. When the Mach number is reduced to unity, the flow can no longer sustain the <span class="hlt">additional</span> heat and becomes unstable. This paper aims to numerically investigate the unsteadiness caused by supercritical heat <span class="hlt">addition</span> in one-dimensional condensing flows. The governing equations for mass, momentum and <span class="hlt">energy</span>, coupled with the equations describing the wetness fraction and droplet growth are integrated and solved iteratively to reveal the final solution. Comparison is made with well-established experimental and numerical solution done by previous researchers that shows similar phenomena.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA174012','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA174012"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> Trapping, <span class="hlt">Release</span>, and Transport in Three Dimensional Energetic Solids and Molecular Crystals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1986-06-30</p> <p>excited state and the correlation primitives. These <span class="hlt">additions</span> had little effect on the tTi ground-state <span class="hlt">energy</span>. Also included in this table is an...an <span class="hlt">additional</span> s and p primitive was placed on the C atom and both optimised-with little effect. These were then removed. Finally, the calculation was...the excited vibrational and rotational states of nitromethane have been studied, little work has been done on its low-lying excited electronic states</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5450442-radioactive-materials-released-from-nuclear-power-plants','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5450442-radioactive-materials-released-from-nuclear-power-plants"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1979 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1979 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are compared with previous year's <span class="hlt">releases</span> in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455513"><span>Effects of levomilnacipran extended-<span class="hlt">release</span> on motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> and functioning in adults with major depressive disorder.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thase, Michael E; Gommoll, Carl; Chen, Changzheng; Kramer, Kenneth; Sambunaris, Angelo</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to investigate the relationship between motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> and functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Data were taken from a phase 3 trial of levomilnacipran extended-<span class="hlt">release</span> (ER) in adults with MDD (NCT01034462; N=429) that used the 18-item Motivation and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Inventory (MEI) to assess motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span>. Two subgroups with lower and higher motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> were defined using baseline MEI total scores (≤28 and >28, respectively). Change from baseline in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total score was analyzed in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and both subgroups. Path analyses were carried out in the ITT population and a lower MEI subgroup to assess the direct and indirect effects of levomilnacipran ER on SDS total score change. In the ITT population and the lower MEI subgroup, significant differences were found between levomilnacipran ER and placebo for changes in the SDS total score (-2.6 and -3.9, both P<0.01), but not in the higher MEI subgroup. The indirect effect of levomilnacipran ER on SDS total score improvement, as mediated by MEI total score change, was 79.9% in the lower MEI subgroup and 67.2% in the ITT population. Levomilnacipran ER was previously shown to improve motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> in adults with MDD. The current analysis indicates that improvements in functional impairment were considerably mediated by improvements in motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span>, particularly in patients with lower motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> at baseline.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373951','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373951"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> balance during underwater implosion of ductile metallic cylinders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chamberlin, Ryan E; Guzas, Emily L; Ambrico, Joseph M</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Energy</span>-based metrics are developed and applied to a numerical test case of implosion of an underwater pressure vessel. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> metrics provide estimates of the initial <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the system (potential <span class="hlt">energy</span>), the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> into the fluid as a pressure pulse, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> absorbed by the imploding structure, and the <span class="hlt">energy</span> absorbed by air trapped within the imploding structure. The primary test case considered is the implosion of an aluminum cylinder [diameter: 2.54 cm (1 in.), length: 27.46 cm (10.81 in.)] that collapses flat in a mode-2 shape with minimal fracture. The test case indicates that the structure absorbs the majority (92%) of the initial <span class="hlt">energy</span> in the system. Consequently, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> emitted as a pressure pulse into the fluid is a small fraction, approximately 5%, of the initial <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> absorbed by the structure and the <span class="hlt">energy</span> emitted into the fluid are calculated for <span class="hlt">additional</span> simulations of underwater pressure vessel implosions. For all cases investigated, there is minimal fracture in the collapse, the structure absorbs more than 80% of the initial <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the system, and the <span class="hlt">released</span> pressure pulse carries away less than 6% of the initial <span class="hlt">energy</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1427630','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1427630"><span><span class="hlt">Additively</span> Manufactured, Net Shape Powder Metallurgy Cans for Valves Used in <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Peter, William H.; Gandy, David; Lannom, Robert</p> <p></p> <p>This CRADA NFE-14-05241 was conducted as a Technical Collaboration project within the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) sponsored by the US Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Advanced Manufacturing Office (CPS Agreement Number 24761). Opportunities for MDF technical collaborations are listed in the announcement “Manufacturing Demonstration Facility Technology Collaborations for US Manufacturers in Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Technologies” posted at http://web.ornl.gov/sci/manufacturing/docs/FBO-ORNL-MDF-2013-2.pdf. The goal of technical collaborations is to engage industry partners to participate in short-term, collaborative projects within the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) to assess applicability and of new <span class="hlt">energy</span> efficient manufacturing technologies. Research sponsored by the U.S. Departmentmore » of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>, Office of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Efficiency and Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span>, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.ORNL would like to acknowledge the leadership of EPRI in pulling together the extensive team and managing the execution of the project. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, ORNL would like to acknowledge the other contributions of the team members associated with this project. Quintus provided time, access, expertise, and labor of their hydro forming capabilities to evaluate both conventional and <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured tools through this process. Crane ChemPharma <span class="hlt">Energy</span> provided guidance and information on valve geometries. Carpenter Powder Products was involved with the team providing information on powder processing as it pertains to the canning and hot isostatic pressing of powder. on providing powder and knowledge as it pertains to powder supply for hot isostatic pressing; they also provided powder for the test trials by the industrial team. Bodycote provided guidance on hot isostatic pressing and can requirements. They were also responsible for the hot isostatic pressing of the test</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830009328','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830009328"><span>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis of cyclic delamination growth in compressively loaded laminates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Whitcomb, J. D.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Delamination growth in compressively loaded composite laminates was studied analytically and experimentally. The configuration used was a laminate with an across-the-width delamination. An approximate super-position stress analysis was developed to quantify the effects of various geometric, material, and load parameters on mode 2 and mode 2 strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates G sub/1 and G sub 2, respectively. Calculated values of G sub 1 and G sub 2 were then compared with measured cyclic delamination growth rates to determine the relative importance of G sub 1 and G sub 2. High growth rates were observed only when G sub 1 was large. However, slow growth was observed even when G sub 1 was negligibly small. This growth apparently was due to a large value of G sub 2.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JChPh.135h5101U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JChPh.135h5101U"><span>Pairwise <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> components in protein-ligand binding: The HIV II protease-Indinavir case</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ucisik, Melek N.; Dashti, Danial S.; Faver, John C.; Merz, Kenneth M.</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">energy</span> expansion (binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> decomposition into n-body interaction terms for n ≥ 2) to express the receptor-ligand binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> for the fragmented HIV II protease-Indinavir system is described to address the role of cooperativity in ligand binding. The outcome of this <span class="hlt">energy</span> expansion is compared to the total receptor-ligand binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> at the Hartree-Fock, density functional theory, and semiempirical levels of theory. We find that the sum of the pairwise interaction <span class="hlt">energies</span> approximates the total binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> to ˜82% for HF and to >95% for both the M06-L density functional and PM6-DH2 semiempirical method. The contribution of the three-body interactions amounts to 18.7%, 3.8%, and 1.4% for HF, M06-L, and PM6-DH2, respectively. We find that the expansion can be safely truncated after n = 3. That is, the contribution of the interactions involving more than three parties to the total binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> of Indinavir to the HIV II protease receptor is negligible. Overall, we find that the two-body terms represent a good approximation to the total binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the system, which points to pairwise <span class="hlt">additivity</span> in the present case. This basic principle of pairwise <span class="hlt">additivity</span> is utilized in fragment-based drug design approaches and our results support its continued use. The present results can also aid in the validation of non-bonded terms contained within common force fields and in the correction of systematic errors in physics-based score functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881883','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881883"><span>Activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> associated with the electromigration of oligosaccharides through viscosity modifier and polymeric <span class="hlt">additive</span> containing background electrolytes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kerékgyártó, Márta; Járvás, Gábor; Novák, Levente; Guttman, András</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> related to the electromigration of oligosaccharides can be determined from their measured electrophoretic mobilities at different temperatures. The effects of a viscosity modifier (ethylene glycol) and a polymeric <span class="hlt">additive</span> (linear polyacrylamide) on the electrophoretic mobility of linear sugar oligomers with α1-4 linked glucose units (maltooligosaccharides) were studied in CE using the activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> concept. The electrophoretic separations of 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate-labeled maltooligosaccharides were monitored by LIF detection in the temperature range of 20-50°C, using either 0-60% ethylene glycol (viscosity modifier) or 0-3% linear polyacrylamide (polymeric <span class="hlt">additive</span>) containing BGEs. Activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> curves were constructed based on the slopes of the Arrhenius plots. With the use of linear polyacrylamide <span class="hlt">additive</span>, solute size-dependent activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> variations were found for the maltooligosaccharides with polymerization degrees below and above maltoheptaose (DP 7), probably due to molecular conformation changes and possible matrix interaction effects. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29127610','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29127610"><span>PVP VA64 as a novel <span class="hlt">release</span>-modifier for sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> mini-matrices prepared via hot melt extrusion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yongcheng; Lu, Ming; Wu, Chuanbin</p> <p>2017-11-10</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to explore poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP VA64) as a novel <span class="hlt">release</span>-modifier to tailor the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from ethylcellulose (EC)-based mini-matrices prepared via hot melt extrusion (HME). Quetiapine fumarate (QF) was selected as model drug. QF/EC/PVP VA64 mini-matrices were extruded with 30% drug loading. The physical state of QF in extruded mini-matrices was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and confocal Raman microscopy. The <span class="hlt">release</span>-controlled ability of PVP VA64 was investigated and compared with that of xanthan gum, crospovidone, and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose. The influences of PVP VA64 content and processing temperature on QF <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior and mechanism were also studied. The results indicated QF dispersed as the crystalline state in all mini-matrices. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of QF from EC was very slow as only 4% QF was <span class="hlt">released</span> in 24 h. PVP VA64 exhibited the best ability to enhance the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> as compared with other three <span class="hlt">release</span>-modifiers. The drug <span class="hlt">release</span> increased to 50-100% in 24 h with the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 20-40% PVP VA64. Increasing processing temperature slightly slowed down the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> by decreasing free volume and pore size. The <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics showed good fit with the Ritger-Peppas model. The values of <span class="hlt">release</span> exponent (n) increased as PVP VA64 is added (0.14 for pure EC, 0.41 for 20% PVP VA64, and 0.61 for 40% PVP VA64), revealing that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of PVP VA64 enhanced the erosion mechanism. This work presented a new polymer blend system of EC with PVP VA64 for sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> prepared via HME.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNuM..404..174M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNuM..404..174M"><span>Air exposure and sample storage time influence on hydrogen <span class="hlt">release</span> from tungsten</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moshkunov, K. A.; Schmid, K.; Mayer, M.; Kurnaev, V. A.; Gasparyan, Yu. M.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>In investigations of hydrogen retention in first wall components the influence of the conditions of the implanted target storage prior to analysis and the storage time is often neglected. Therefore we have performed a dedicated set of experiments. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of hydrogen from samples exposed to ambient air after irradiation was compared to samples kept in vacuum. For air exposed samples significant amounts of HDO and D 2O are detected during TDS. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> experiments have shown that heavy water is formed by recombination of <span class="hlt">releasing</span> D and H atoms with O on the W surface. This water formation can alter hydrogen retention results significantly, in particular - for low retention cases. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the influence of ambient air exposure also the influence of storage time in vacuum was investigated. After implantation at 300 K the samples were stored in vacuum for up to 1 week during which the retained amount decreased significantly. The subsequently measured TDS spectra showed that D was lost from both the high and low <span class="hlt">energy</span> peaks during storage at ambient temperature of ˜300 K. An attempt to simulate this <span class="hlt">release</span> from both peaks during room temperature storage by TMAP 7 calculations showed that this effect cannot be explained by conventional diffusion/trapping models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3027598','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3027598"><span>Copper stimulation of LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> from median eminence explants. III. A process dependent on extracellular sodium.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Colombani-Vidal, M; Barnea, A</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Copper, complexed to histidine (CuHis), stimulates LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> from explants of the median eminence area (MEA). To gain further understanding of the mechanism of copper action, in this study, we assessed the Na+ and <span class="hlt">energy</span> requirements for CuHis stimulation of LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span>. MEA explants, obtained from adult male rats, were incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 min with 100 microM CuHis and then for 45 min in CuHis-free medium (Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). LHRH <span class="hlt">released</span> into the medium was evaluated by RIA. When the incubation buffer contained 143 mM Na+, CuHis stimulated the <span class="hlt">release</span> of LHRH from a basal level of 17.2 +/- 1.26 (mean +/- SEM, n = 7) to 74.5 +/- 6.2 pg/60 min per MEA. When [Na+] was reduced to 16 mM Na+ (by substituting with Li+), CuHis-stimulated LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> was inhibited by 80% (p less than 0.001); indicating a requirement for Na+. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, we found that CuHis-stimulated LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> was a saturable function of Na+ concentration; saturation achieved with about 100 mM Na+. To assess the requirement for Na+ transport, we evaluated the effect of 1 mM ouabain, 10 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX), or 100 microM amiloride on CuHis stimulation of LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span>. Ouabain inhibited CuHis stimulation of LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> by 80%, whereas TTX and amiloride were ineffective. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, we observed that CuHis did not stimulate LHRH <span class="hlt">release</span> when incubation was carried out at 4 degrees C or at 37 degrees C in the presence of 5 mM KCN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1959d0008E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1959d0008E"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> estimation for fragmenting meteoroid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Egorova, L. A.; Lokhin, V. V.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>It is known that for the adequate interpretation of fireball observations it is necessary to take into account its fragmentation in the Earth's atmosphere. Various models for large cosmic body destruction in the atmosphere are known. Presented work continues our previous research on the fragmentation of fireballs. Proposing a model for the destruction of a fireball we also submit a model for the transition of its kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> to thermal one. The meteoroid destruction under consideration is similar to the destruction of a solid body during an explosion. The kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the moving particles of the crashing meteoric body transform into the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the gas volume in which their motion occurs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2018/new-open-source-version-of-floris-released.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2018/new-open-source-version-of-floris-released.html"><span>New Open-Source Version of FLORIS <span class="hlt">Released</span> | News | NREL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>New <em>Open</em>-Source Version of FLORIS <span class="hlt">Released</span> New <em>Open</em>-Source Version of FLORIS <span class="hlt">Released</span> January 26 , 2018 National Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Laboratory (NREL) researchers recently <span class="hlt">released</span> an updated <em>open</em>-source simplified and documented. Because of the living, <em>open</em>-source nature of the newly updated utility, NREL</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3437U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3437U"><span>The statistical analysis of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in small-scale coronal structures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ulyanov, Artyom; Kuzin, Sergey; Bogachev, Sergey</p> <p></p> <p>We present the results of statistical analysis of impulsive flare-like brightenings, which numerously occur in the quiet regions of solar corona. For our study, we utilized high-cadence observations performed with two EUV-telescopes - TESIS/Coronas-Photon and AIA/SDO. In total, we processed 6 sequences of images, registered throughout the period between 2009 and 2013, covering the rising phase of the 24th solar cycle. Based on high-speed DEM estimation method, we developed a new technique to evaluate the main parameters of detected events (geometrical sizes, duration, temperature and thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>). We then obtained the statistical distributions of these parameters and examined their variations depending on the level of solar activity. The results imply that near the minimum of the solar cycle the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in quiet corona is mainly provided by small-scale events (nanoflares), whereas larger events (microflares) prevail on the peak of activity. Furthermore, we investigated the coronal conditions that had specified the formation and triggering of registered flares. By means of photospheric magnetograms obtained with MDI/SoHO and HMI/SDO instruments, we examined the topology of local magnetic fields at different stages: the pre-flare phase, the peak of intensity and the ending phase. To do so, we introduced a number of topological parameters including the total magnetic flux, the distance between magnetic sources and their mutual arrangement. The found correlation between the change of these parameters and the formation of flares may offer an important tool for application of flare forecasting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820006349&hterms=Strontium-90&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DStrontium-90','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820006349&hterms=Strontium-90&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DStrontium-90"><span>Dielectric surface discharges: Effects of combined low-<span class="hlt">energy</span> and high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> incident electrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Balmain, K. G.; Hirt, W.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Dielectric surface discharges affected by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of high <span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons at 5 pA/sq cm to a primary 20 keV, 10 nA/sq cm electron beam with the high <span class="hlt">energy</span> broad spectrum particles coming from the beta decay of Strontium 90 are studied. Kapton exhibits significantly increased discharge strength, increased waiting time between discharges, and a decreased number of discharges per specimen before discharge cessation. Mylar exhibits similar but less pronounced effects, while Teflon is relatively unaffected. With Kapton and Mylar, the high <span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons act in some way to delay the instant of discharge ignition so that more charge can be accumulated and hence <span class="hlt">released</span> during discharge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28565910','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28565910"><span>Photochemical <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Storage and Electrochemically Triggered <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> in the Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane System: UV Photochemistry and IR Spectroelectrochemistry in a Combined Experiment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brummel, Olaf; Waidhas, Fabian; Bauer, Udo; Wu, Yanlin; Bochmann, Sebastian; Steinrück, Hans-Peter; Papp, Christian; Bachmann, Julien; Libuda, Jörg</p> <p>2017-07-06</p> <p>The two valence isomers norbornadiene (NBD) and quadricyclane (QC) enable solar <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage in a single molecule system. We present a new photoelectrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PEC-IRRAS) experiment, which allows monitoring of the complete <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage and <span class="hlt">release</span> cycle by in situ vibrational spectroscopy. Both processes were investigated, the photochemical conversion from NBD to QC using the photosensitizer 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler's ketone, MK) and the electrochemically triggered cycloreversion from QC to NBD. Photochemical conversion was obtained with characteristic conversion times on the order of 500 ms. All experiments were performed under full potential control in a thin-layer configuration with a Pt(111) working electrode. The vibrational spectra of NBD, QC, and MK were analyzed in the fingerprint region, permitting quantitative analysis of the spectroscopic data. We determined selectivities for both the photochemical conversion and the electrochemical cycloreversion and identified the critical steps that limit the reversibility of the storage cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvF...2f4802K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvF...2f4802K"><span>Partial-depth lock-<span class="hlt">release</span> flows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khodkar, M. A.; Nasr-Azadani, M. M.; Meiburg, E.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>We extend the vorticity-based modeling concept for stratified flows introduced by Borden and Meiburg [Z. Borden and E. Meiburg, J. Fluid Mech. 726, R1 (2013), 10.1017/jfm.2013.239] to unsteady flow fields that cannot be rendered quasisteady by a change of reference frames. Towards this end, we formulate a differential control volume balance for the conservation of mass and vorticity in the fully unsteady parts of the flow, which we refer to as the differential vorticity model. We furthermore show that with the <span class="hlt">additional</span> assumptions of locally uniform parallel flow within each layer, the unsteady vorticity modeling approach reproduces the familiar two-layer shallow-water equations. To evaluate its accuracy, we then apply the vorticity model approach to partial-depth lock-<span class="hlt">release</span> flows. Consistent with the shallow water analysis of Rottman and Simpson [J. W. Rottman and J. E. Simpson, J. Fluid Mech. 135, 95 (1983), 10.1017/S0022112083002979], the vorticity model demonstrates the formation of a quasisteady gravity current front, a fully unsteady expansion wave, and a propagating bore that is present only if the lock depth exceeds half the channel height. When this bore forms, it travels with a velocity that does not depend on the lock height and the interface behind it is always at half the channel depth. We demonstrate that such a bore is <span class="hlt">energy</span> conserving. The differential vorticity model gives predictions for the height and velocity of the gravity current and the bore, as well as for the propagation velocities of the edges of the expansion fan, as a function of the lock height. All of these predictions are seen to be in good agreement with the direct numerical simulation data and, where available, with experimental results. An <span class="hlt">energy</span> analysis shows lock-<span class="hlt">release</span> flows to be <span class="hlt">energy</span> conserving only for the case of a full lock, whereas they are always dissipative for partial-depth locks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NIMPB.410...21L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NIMPB.410...21L"><span>Monte Carlo simulation of <span class="hlt">energy</span> absorbed in phenolic ESR dosimeters added with gadolinium exposed to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Longo, A.; Collura, G.; Gallo, S.; Bartolotta, A.; Marrale, M.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In this work analyses of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> per unit mass in phenolic compound exposed to neutron beams were performed with the aim of predicting the increase in dose achievable by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of gadolinium (Gd) inside the pellets. In particular, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were carried out for IRGANOX® 1076 phenolic compound irradiated with neutron beams with different <span class="hlt">energy</span> spectra at various depths inside a water phantom. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of gadolinium increases sensitivity of phenolic ESR (electron spin resonance) dosimeters to neutrons thanks to the high gadolinium cross section for neutron capture and to the large number of secondary particles (mainly Auger and internal conversion electrons) which are able to <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> inside the sensitive material layers. For small depths in water phantom and low <span class="hlt">energy</span> neutron spectra the increase in dose due to gadolinium is large (more than a factor 50). The enhancement is smaller in case of epithermal neutron beam, whereas the increase in dose for fast neutrons is less than 50%. In order to have a comparison with other ESR dosimeters the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> per unit mass in phenolic compound was compared with that calculated in alanine pellets. For thermal neutron beams the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> in phenolic compound with gadolinium is comparable to that <span class="hlt">released</span> in alanine for small depths in phantom, whereas it is larger than in alanine for large depths. In case of epithermal and fast neutron beams the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> in phenolic compound is larger than in alanine samples because the elastic scattering with hydrogen nuclei is more probable for high neutron <span class="hlt">energies</span> and this phenolic compound is characterized by an higher number of 1H nuclei than alanine. All results here found suggest that these phenolic pellets could be fruitfully used for dosimetric applications in Neutron Capture Therapy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1130682-quantification-kinetic-rate-law-parameters-uranium-release-from-sodium-autunite-function-aqueous-bicarbonate-concentrations','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1130682-quantification-kinetic-rate-law-parameters-uranium-release-from-sodium-autunite-function-aqueous-bicarbonate-concentrations"><span>Quantification of Kinetic Rate Law Parameters of Uranium <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Sodium Autunite as a Function of Aqueous Bicarbonate Concentrations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gudavalli, Ravi; Katsenovich, Yelena; Wellman, Dawn M.</p> <p>2013-09-05</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Hydrogen carbonate is one of the most significant components within the uranium geochemical cycle. In aqueous solutions, hydrogen carbonate forms strong complexes with uranium. As such, aqueous bicarbonate may significantly increase the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> from uranium minerals. Quantifying the relationship of aqueous hydrogen carbonate solutions to the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> during dissolution is critical to understanding the long-term fate of uranium within the environment. Single-pass flow-through (SPTF) experiments were conducted to estimate the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> from Na meta-autunite as a function of bicarbonate solutions (0.0005-0.003 M) under the pH range of 6-11 and temperaturesmore » of 5-60oC. Consistent with the results of previous investigation, the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> from sodium autunite exhibited minimal dependency on temperature; but were strongly dependent on pH and increasing concentrations of bicarbonate solutions. Most notably at pH 7, the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> exhibited 370 fold increases relative to the rate of uranium <span class="hlt">release</span> in the absence of bicarbonate. However, the effect of increasing concentrations of bicarbonate solutions on the <span class="hlt">release</span> of uranium was significantly less under higher pH conditions. It is postulated that at high pH values, surface sites are saturated with carbonate, thus the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of more bicarbonate would have less effect on uranium <span class="hlt">release</span>. Results indicate the activation <span class="hlt">energies</span> were unaffected by temperature and bicarbonate concentration variations, but were strongly dependent on pH conditions. As pH increased from 6 to 11, activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> values were observed to decrease from 29.94 kJ mol-1 to 13.07 kJ mol-1. The calculated activation <span class="hlt">energies</span> suggest a surface controlled dissolution mechanism.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5049949','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5049949"><span>Effects of levomilnacipran extended-<span class="hlt">release</span> on motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> and functioning in adults with major depressive disorder</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gommoll, Carl; Chen, Changzheng; Kramer, Kenneth; Sambunaris, Angelo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to investigate the relationship between motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> and functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Data were taken from a phase 3 trial of levomilnacipran extended-<span class="hlt">release</span> (ER) in adults with MDD (NCT01034462; N=429) that used the 18-item Motivation and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Inventory (MEI) to assess motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span>. Two subgroups with lower and higher motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> were defined using baseline MEI total scores (≤28 and >28, respectively). Change from baseline in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total score was analyzed in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and both subgroups. Path analyses were carried out in the ITT population and a lower MEI subgroup to assess the direct and indirect effects of levomilnacipran ER on SDS total score change. In the ITT population and the lower MEI subgroup, significant differences were found between levomilnacipran ER and placebo for changes in the SDS total score (−2.6 and −3.9, both P<0.01), but not in the higher MEI subgroup. The indirect effect of levomilnacipran ER on SDS total score improvement, as mediated by MEI total score change, was 79.9% in the lower MEI subgroup and 67.2% in the ITT population. Levomilnacipran ER was previously shown to improve motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> in adults with MDD. The current analysis indicates that improvements in functional impairment were considerably mediated by improvements in motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span>, particularly in patients with lower motivation/<span class="hlt">energy</span> at baseline. PMID:27455513</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910048398&hterms=process+accounting&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dprocess%2Baccounting','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910048398&hterms=process+accounting&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dprocess%2Baccounting"><span>Collisionless coupling processes in AMPTE <span class="hlt">releases</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lui, A. T. Y.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>An evaluation is made of results obtained to date by in situ measurements, numerical simulations, and theoretical considerations of Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorer chemical <span class="hlt">releases</span> bearing on the nature of collisionless coupling processes. It is noted that both laminar and turbulent forces act to couple the solar wind momentum and <span class="hlt">energy</span> to the <span class="hlt">release</span> cloud; the magnetic field compression formed in this interaction plays an important intermediary role in coupling the two plasmas, and the intense electrostatic turbulence generated enhances the interaction. A scenario accounting for several features in the observed evolution of the December 27, 1984 artificial comet <span class="hlt">release</span> is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9188M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9188M"><span>The use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems for the Innovative Methodologies in thermal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> monitoring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marotta, Enrica; Avino, Rosario; Avvisati, Gala; Belviso, Pasquale; Caliro, Stefano; Caputo, Teresa; Carandente, Antonio; Peluso, Rosario; Sangianantoni, Agata; Sansivero, Fabio; Vilardo, Giuseppe</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Last years have been characterized by a fast development of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems which are becoming cheaper, lighter and more powerful. The concurrent development of high resolution, lightweight and <span class="hlt">energy</span> saving sensors sometimes specifically designed for air-borne applications are together rapidly changing the way in which it is possible to perform monitoring and surveys in hazardous environments such as volcanoes. An example of this convergence is the new methodology we are currently developing at the INGV-Osservatorio Vesuviano for the estimation of the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of volcanic diffuse degassing areas using the ground temperatures from thermal infrared images. Preliminary experiments, carried out during many-years campaigns performed inside at La Solfatara crater by using thermal infrared images and K type thermocouples inserted into the ground at various depths, found a correlation between surface temperature and shallow gradient. Due to the large extent of areas affected by thermal anomalies, an effective and expedite tool to acquire the IR images is a RPAS equipped with high-resolution thermal and visible cameras. These acquisitions allow to quickly acquire the data to produce a heat <span class="hlt">release</span> map. This map is then orthorectified and geocoded in order to be superimposed on digital terrain models or on the orthophotogrammetric mosaic obtained after processing photos acquired by RPAS. Such expedite maps of heat flux, taking in account accurate filtering of atmospheric influence, represents a useful tool for volcanic surveillance monitoring purposes. In order to start all the activities of these drones we had to acquire all necessary permissions required by the complex Italian normative.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4102904','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4102904"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> deposition by heavy ions: <span class="hlt">Additivity</span> of kinetic and potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> contributions in hillock formation on CaF2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Y. Y.; Grygiel, C.; Dufour, C.; Sun, J. R.; Wang, Z. G.; Zhao, Y. T.; Xiao, G. Q.; Cheng, R.; Zhou, X. M.; Ren, J. R.; Liu, S. D.; Lei, Y.; Sun, Y. B.; Ritter, R.; Gruber, E.; Cassimi, A.; Monnet, I.; Bouffard, S.; Aumayr, F.; Toulemonde, M.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Modification of surface and bulk properties of solids by irradiation with ion beams is a widely used technique with many applications in material science. In this study, we show that nano-hillocks on CaF2 crystal surfaces can be formed by individual impact of medium <span class="hlt">energy</span> (3 and 5 MeV) highly charged ions (Xe22+ to Xe30+) as well as swift (kinetic <span class="hlt">energies</span> between 12 and 58 MeV) heavy xenon ions. For very slow highly charged ions the appearance of hillocks is known to be linked to a threshold in potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> (Ep) while for swift heavy ions a minimum electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss per unit length (Se) is necessary. With our results we bridge the gap between these two extreme cases and demonstrate, that with increasing <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition via Se the Ep-threshold for hillock production can be lowered substantially. Surprisingly, both mechanisms of <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition in the target surface seem to contribute in an <span class="hlt">additive</span> way, which can be visualized in a phase diagram. We show that the inelastic thermal spike model, originally developed to describe such material modifications for swift heavy ions, can be extended to the case where both kinetic and potential <span class="hlt">energies</span> are deposited into the surface. PMID:25034006</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25034006','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25034006"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> deposition by heavy ions: <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of kinetic and potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> contributions in hillock formation on CaF2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Y Y; Grygiel, C; Dufour, C; Sun, J R; Wang, Z G; Zhao, Y T; Xiao, G Q; Cheng, R; Zhou, X M; Ren, J R; Liu, S D; Lei, Y; Sun, Y B; Ritter, R; Gruber, E; Cassimi, A; Monnet, I; Bouffard, S; Aumayr, F; Toulemonde, M</p> <p>2014-07-18</p> <p>Modification of surface and bulk properties of solids by irradiation with ion beams is a widely used technique with many applications in material science. In this study, we show that nano-hillocks on CaF2 crystal surfaces can be formed by individual impact of medium <span class="hlt">energy</span> (3 and 5 MeV) highly charged ions (Xe(22+) to Xe(30+)) as well as swift (kinetic <span class="hlt">energies</span> between 12 and 58 MeV) heavy xenon ions. For very slow highly charged ions the appearance of hillocks is known to be linked to a threshold in potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> (Ep) while for swift heavy ions a minimum electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss per unit length (Se) is necessary. With our results we bridge the gap between these two extreme cases and demonstrate, that with increasing <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition via Se the Ep-threshold for hillock production can be lowered substantially. Surprisingly, both mechanisms of <span class="hlt">energy</span> deposition in the target surface seem to contribute in an <span class="hlt">additive</span> way, which can be visualized in a phase diagram. We show that the inelastic thermal spike model, originally developed to describe such material modifications for swift heavy ions, can be extended to the case where both kinetic and potential <span class="hlt">energies</span> are deposited into the surface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122847','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122847"><span>Metabolic and stress-related roles of prolactin-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> peptide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Onaka, Tatsushi; Takayanagi, Yuki; Leng, Gareth</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>In the modern world, improvements in human health can be offset by unhealthy lifestyle factors, including the deleterious consequences of stress and obesity. For <span class="hlt">energy</span> homeostasis, humoral factors and neural afferents from the gastrointestinal tract, in combination with long-term nutritional signals, communicate information to the brain to regulate <span class="hlt">energy</span> intake and expenditure. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> homeostasis and stress interact with each other, and stress affects both food intake and <span class="hlt">energy</span> expenditure. Prolactin-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> peptide, synthesized in discrete neuronal populations in the hypothalamus and brainstem, plays an important role in integrating these responses. This review describes how prolactin-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> peptide neurons receive information concerning both internal metabolic states and environmental conditions, and play a key role in <span class="hlt">energy</span> homeostasis and stress responses. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1028083','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1028083"><span>Metering Best Practices, A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource Efficiency, <span class="hlt">Release</span> 2.0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sullivan, Greg; Hunt, W. D.; Pugh, Ray</p> <p>2011-08-31</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">release</span> is an update and expansion of the information provided in <span class="hlt">Release</span> 1.0 of the Metering Best Practice Guide that was issued in October 2007. This <span class="hlt">release</span>, as was the previous <span class="hlt">release</span>, was developed under the direction of the U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>'s Federal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Management Program (FEMP). The mission of FEMP is to facilitate the Federal Government's implementation of sound cost-effective <span class="hlt">energy</span> management and investment practices to enhance the nation's <span class="hlt">energy</span> security and environmental stewardship. Each of these activities is directly related to achieving requirements set forth in the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Policy Acts of 1992 and 2005, the Energymore » Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, and the goals that have been established in Executive Orders 13423 and 13514 - and also those practices that are inherent in sound management of Federal financial and personnel resources.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/515488','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/515488"><span>Final voluntary <span class="hlt">release</span> assessment/corrective action report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p>1996-11-12</p> <p>The US Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>, Carlsbad Area Office (DOE-CAO) has completed a voluntary <span class="hlt">release</span> assessment sampling program at selected Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This Voluntary <span class="hlt">Release</span> Assessment/Corrective Action (RA/CA) report has been prepared for final submittal to the Environmental protection Agency (EPA) Region 6, Hazardous Waste Management Division and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) Hazardous and Radioactive Materials Bureau to describe the results of voluntary <span class="hlt">release</span> assessment sampling and proposed corrective actions at the SWMU sites. The Voluntary RA/CA Program is intended to be the first phase in implementing the Resourcemore » Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation (RFI) and corrective action process at the WIPP. Data generated as part of this sampling program are intended to update the RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) for the WIPP (Assessment of Solid Waste Management Units at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant), NMED/DOE/AIP 94/1. This Final Voluntary RA/CA Report documents the results of <span class="hlt">release</span> assessment sampling at 11 SWMUs identified in the RFA. With this submittal, DOE formally requests a No Further Action determination for these SWMUs. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, this report provides information to support DOE`s request for No Further Action at the Brinderson and Construction landfill SWMUs, and to support DOE`s request for approval of proposed corrective actions at three other SWMUs (the Badger Unit Drill Pad, the Cotton Baby Drill Pad, and the DOE-1 Drill Pad). This information is provided to document the results of the Voluntary RA/CA activities submitted to the EPA and NMED in August 1995.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title26-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title26-vol1-sec1-23-6.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title26-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title26-vol1-sec1-23-6.pdf"><span>26 CFR 1.23-6 - Procedure and criteria for <span class="hlt">additions</span> to the approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>-conserving components or...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... geothermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> source must be an inexhaustible <span class="hlt">energy</span> supply. Accordingly, wood and... approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>-conserving components or renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span> sources. 1.23-6 Section 1.23-6 Internal... During A Taxable Year § 1.23-6 Procedure and criteria for <span class="hlt">additions</span> to the approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title26-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title26-vol1-sec1-23-6.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title26-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title26-vol1-sec1-23-6.pdf"><span>26 CFR 1.23-6 - Procedure and criteria for <span class="hlt">additions</span> to the approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>-conserving components or...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... geothermal <span class="hlt">energy</span>, the <span class="hlt">energy</span> source must be an inexhaustible <span class="hlt">energy</span> supply. Accordingly, wood and... approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>-conserving components or renewable <span class="hlt">energy</span> sources. 1.23-6 Section 1.23-6 Internal... During A Taxable Year § 1.23-6 Procedure and criteria for <span class="hlt">additions</span> to the approved list of <span class="hlt">energy</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR12A..02Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR12A..02Z"><span>Mechanisms of iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> from iodoapatite in aqueous solution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Z.; Wang, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Immobilization of iodine-129 with waste forms in geological setting is challenging due to its extremely long half-life and high volatility in the environment. To evaluate the long-term performance of waste form, it is imperative to determine the <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism of iodine hosted in the waste form materials. This study investigated the iodine <span class="hlt">released</span> from apatite structured waste form Pb9.85 (VO4)6 I1.7 to understand how diffusion and dissolution control the durability of apatite waste form. A standard semi-dynamic leach test was adopted in this study. Samples were exposed in fresh leachant periodically and the leachant was replaced after each interval. Each experiment was carried out in cap-sealed Teflon vessels under constant temperature (e.g. 90 °C). ICP-MS analysis on the reacted leachates shows that Pb and V were <span class="hlt">released</span> constantly and congruently with the stoichiometric ratio of Pb/V. However, iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> is incongruent and time dependent. The iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> rate starts significantly higher than the corresponding stoichiometric value and gradually decreases, approaching the stoichiometric value. Therefore, a dual-mode mechanism is proposed to account for the iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> from apatite, which is dominated by short-term diffusion and long-term dissolution processes. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> tests show that the element <span class="hlt">release</span> rates depend on a number of test parameters, including sample surface to solution volume ratio (m-1), interval (day), temperature (°C), and solution pH. This study provides a quantitative characterization of iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism. The activation <span class="hlt">energy</span> of iodine leaching 21±1.6 kJ/mol was obtained by varying the test temperature. At the test conditions of to neutral pH and 90 °C, the long-term iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> rate 3.3 mg/(m2 • day) is projected by normalizing sample surface area to solution volume ratio (S/V) to 1.0 m-1 and interval to 1 day. These findings demonstrate i) the feasibility of our approach to quantify the <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28238734','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28238734"><span>Drug <span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanoplatforms activated by alternating magnetic fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mertz, Damien; Sandre, Olivier; Bégin-Colin, Sylvie</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The use of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate non-invasively and spatially a localized heating from a magnetic nano-mediator has become very popular these last years to develop magnetic hyperthermia (MH) as a promising therapeutic modality already used in the clinics. AMF has become highly attractive this last decade over others radiations, as AMF allows a deeper penetration in the body and a less harmful ionizing effect. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to pure MH which induces tumor cell death through local T elevation, this AMF-generated magneto-thermal effect can also be exploited as a relevant external stimulus to trigger a drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from drug-loaded magnetic nanocarriers, temporally and spatially. This review article is focused especially on this concept of AMF induced drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, possibly combined with MH. The design of such magnetically responsive drug delivery nanoplatforms requires two key and complementary components: a magnetic mediator which collects and turns the magnetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> into local heat, and a thermoresponsive carrier ensuring thermo-induced drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, as a consequence of magnetic stimulus. A wide panel of magnetic nanomaterials/chemistries and processes are currently developed to achieve such nanoplatforms. This review article presents a broad overview about the fundamental concepts of drug <span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanoplatforms activated by AMF, their formulations, and their efficiency in vitro and in vivo. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Bionanomaterials" Guest Editors: Dr. Marie-Louise Saboungi and Dr. Samuel D. Bader. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834533','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834533"><span>Decoding nitric oxide <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of amine-based diazeniumdiolates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yan-Ni; Collins, Jack; Holland, Ryan J; Keefer, Larry K; Ivanic, Joseph</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>Amine-based diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) have garnered widespread use as nitric oxide (NO) donors, and their potential for nitroxyl (HNO) <span class="hlt">release</span> has more recently been realized. While NO <span class="hlt">release</span> rates can vary significantly with the type of amine, half-lives of seconds to days under physiological conditions, there is as yet no way to determine a priori the NO or HNO production rates of a given species, and no discernible trends have manifested other than that secondary amines produce only NO (i.e., no HNO). As a step to understanding these complex systems, here we describe a procedure for modeling amine-based NONOates in water solvent that provides an excellent correlation (R(2) = 0.94) between experimentally measured dissociation rates of seven secondary amine species and their computed NO <span class="hlt">release</span> activation <span class="hlt">energies</span>. The significant difference in behavior of NONOates in the gas and solvent phases is also rigorously demonstrated via explicit <span class="hlt">additions</span> of quantum mechanical water molecules. The presented results suggest that the as-yet unsynthesized simplest amine-based NONOate, the diazeniumdiolated ammonia anion [H2N-N(O)═NO(-)], could serve as an unperturbed HNO donor. These results provide a step forward toward the accurate modeling of general NO and/or HNO donors as well as for the identification of tailored prodrug candidates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830067682&hterms=Strontium-90&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DStrontium-90','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830067682&hterms=Strontium-90&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DStrontium-90"><span>Dielectric surface discharges - Effects of combined low-<span class="hlt">energy</span> and high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> incident electrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Balmain, K. G.; Hirt, W.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Dielectric surface discharges affected by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of high <span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons at 5 pA/sq cm to a primary 20 keV, 10 nA/sq cm electron beam with the high <span class="hlt">energy</span> broad spectrum particles coming from the beta decay of Strontium 90 are studied. Kapton exhibits significantly increased discharge strength, increased waiting time between discharges, and a decreased number of discharges per specimen before discharge cessation. Mylar exhibits similar but less pronounced effects, while Teflon is relatively unaffected. With Kapton and Mylar, the high <span class="hlt">energy</span> electrons act in some way to delay the instant of discharge ignition so that more charge can be accumulated and hence <span class="hlt">released</span> during discharge. Previously announced in STAR as N82-14222</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910004943','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910004943"><span>Kinetics of hydrogen <span class="hlt">release</span> from lunar soil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bustin, Roberta</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>With increasing interest in a lunar base, there is a need for extensive examination of possible lunar resources. Hydrogen will be needed on a lunar base for many activities including providing fuel, making water, and serving as a reducing agent in the extraction of oxygen from its ores. Previous studies have shown the solar wind has implanted hydrogen in the lunar regolith and that hydrogen is present not only in the outer layer of soil but to considerable depths, depending on the sampling site. If this hydrogen is to be mined and used on the lunar surface, a number of questions need to be answered. How much <span class="hlt">energy</span> must be expended in order to <span class="hlt">release</span> the hydrogen from the soil. What temperatures must be attained, and how long must the soil be heated. This study was undertaken to provide answers to practical questions such as these. Hydrogen was determined using a Pyrolysis/GC technique in which hydrogen was <span class="hlt">released</span> by heating the soil sample contained in a quartz tube in a resistance wire furnace, followed by separation and quantitative determination using a gas chromatograph with a helium ionization detector. Heating times and temperatures were varied, and particle separates were studied in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to bulk soils. The typical sample size was 10 mg of lunar soil. All of the soils used were mature soils with similar hydrogen abundances. Pre-treatments with air and steam were used in an effort to find a more efficient way of <span class="hlt">releasing</span> hydrogen.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvL.118o5101K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvL.118o5101K"><span>Turbulent Kinetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> in the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Balance of a Solar Flare</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kontar, E. P.; Perez, J. E.; Harra, L. K.; Kuznetsov, A. A.; Emslie, A. G.; Jeffrey, N. L. S.; Bian, N. H.; Dennis, B. R.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> in solar flares derives from a reconfiguration of magnetic fields to a lower <span class="hlt">energy</span> state, and is manifested in several forms, including bulk kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the coronal mass ejection, acceleration of electrons and ions, and enhanced thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is ultimately radiated away across the electromagnetic spectrum from optical to x rays. Using an unprecedented set of coordinated observations, from a suite of instruments, we here report on a hitherto largely overlooked <span class="hlt">energy</span> component—the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> associated with small-scale turbulent mass motions. We show that the spatial location of, and timing of the peak in, turbulent kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> together provide persuasive evidence that turbulent <span class="hlt">energy</span> may play a key role in the transfer of <span class="hlt">energy</span> in solar flares. Although the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of turbulent motions accounts, at any given time, for only ˜(0.5 - 1 )% of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span>, its relatively rapid (˜1 - 10 s ) energization and dissipation causes the associated throughput of <span class="hlt">energy</span> (i.e., power) to rival that of major components of the <span class="hlt">released</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> in solar flares, and thus presumably in other astrophysical acceleration sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28452537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28452537"><span>Turbulent Kinetic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> in the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Balance of a Solar Flare.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kontar, E P; Perez, J E; Harra, L K; Kuznetsov, A A; Emslie, A G; Jeffrey, N L S; Bian, N H; Dennis, B R</p> <p>2017-04-14</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> in solar flares derives from a reconfiguration of magnetic fields to a lower <span class="hlt">energy</span> state, and is manifested in several forms, including bulk kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the coronal mass ejection, acceleration of electrons and ions, and enhanced thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is ultimately radiated away across the electromagnetic spectrum from optical to x rays. Using an unprecedented set of coordinated observations, from a suite of instruments, we here report on a hitherto largely overlooked <span class="hlt">energy</span> component-the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> associated with small-scale turbulent mass motions. We show that the spatial location of, and timing of the peak in, turbulent kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> together provide persuasive evidence that turbulent <span class="hlt">energy</span> may play a key role in the transfer of <span class="hlt">energy</span> in solar flares. Although the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of turbulent motions accounts, at any given time, for only ∼(0.5-1)% of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span>, its relatively rapid (∼1-10  s) energization and dissipation causes the associated throughput of <span class="hlt">energy</span> (i.e., power) to rival that of major components of the <span class="hlt">released</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> in solar flares, and thus presumably in other astrophysical acceleration sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......150M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......150M"><span>Light activated nitric oxide <span class="hlt">releasing</span> materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Muizzi Casanas, Dayana Andreina</p> <p></p> <p>The ability to control the location and dosage of biologically active molecules inside the human body can be critical to maximizing effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases like angina. The current standard of treatment relies on the metabolism of organonitrate drugs into nitric oxide (NO), which are not specific, and also show problems with densitization with long-term use. There is a need then to create a treatment method that gives targeted <span class="hlt">release</span> of NO. Metal-nitrosyl (M-NO) complexes can be used for delivery of NO since the <span class="hlt">release</span> of NO can be controlled with light. However, the NO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> drug must be activated with red light to ensure maximum penetration of light through tissue. However, the <span class="hlt">release</span> of NO from M-NO complexes with red-light activation is a significant challenge since the <span class="hlt">energy</span> required to break the metal-NO bond is usually larger than the <span class="hlt">energy</span> provided by red light. The goal of this project was to create red- sensitive, NO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> materials based on Ru-salen-nitrosyl compounds. Our approach was to first modify Ru salen complexes to sensitize the photochemistry for <span class="hlt">release</span> of NO after red light irradiation. Next, we pursued polymerization of the Ru-salen complexes. We report the synthesis and quantitative photochemical characterization of a series of ruthenium salen nitrosyl complexes. These complexes were modified by incorporating electron donating groups in the salen ligand structure at key locations to increase electron density on the Ru. Complexes with either an --OH or --OCH3 substituent showed an improvement in the quantum yield of <span class="hlt">release</span> of NO upon blue light irradiation compared to the unmodified salen. These --OH and --OCH3 complexes were also sensitized for NO <span class="hlt">release</span> after red light activation, however the red-sensitive complexes were unstable and showed ligand substitution on the order of minutes. The substituted complexes remained sensitive for NO <span class="hlt">release</span>, but only after blue light irradiation. The Ru</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011258','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011258"><span>High <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Density <span class="hlt">Additives</span> for Hybrid Fuel Rockets to Improve Performance and Enhance Safety</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jaffe, Richard L.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We propose a conceptual study of prototype strained hydrocarbon molecules as high <span class="hlt">energy</span> density <span class="hlt">additives</span> for hybrid rocket fuels to boost the performance of these rockets without compromising safety and reliability. Use of these <span class="hlt">additives</span> could extend the range of applications for which hybrid rockets become an attractive alternative to conventional solid or liquid fuel rockets. The objectives of the study were to confirm and quantify the high enthalpy of these strained molecules and to assess improvement in rocket performance that would be expected if these <span class="hlt">additives</span> were blended with conventional fuels. We confirmed the chemical properties (including enthalpy) of these <span class="hlt">additives</span>. However, the predicted improvement in rocket performance was too small to make this a useful strategy for boosting hybrid rocket performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPA....5e7148S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPA....5e7148S"><span>Estimating the CCSD basis-set limit <span class="hlt">energy</span> from small basis sets: basis-set extrapolations vs <span class="hlt">additivity</span> schemes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spackman, Peter R.; Karton, Amir</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Coupled cluster calculations with all single and double excitations (CCSD) converge exceedingly slowly with the size of the one-particle basis set. We assess the performance of a number of approaches for obtaining CCSD correlation <span class="hlt">energies</span> close to the complete basis-set limit in conjunction with relatively small DZ and TZ basis sets. These include global and system-dependent extrapolations based on the A + B/Lα two-point extrapolation formula, and the well-known <span class="hlt">additivity</span> approach that uses an MP2-based basis-set-correction term. We show that the basis set convergence rate can change dramatically between different systems(e.g.it is slower for molecules with polar bonds and/or second-row elements). The system-dependent basis-set extrapolation scheme, in which unique basis-set extrapolation exponents for each system are obtained from lower-cost MP2 calculations, significantly accelerates the basis-set convergence relative to the global extrapolations. Nevertheless, we find that the simple MP2-based basis-set <span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme outperforms the extrapolation approaches. For example, the following root-mean-squared deviations are obtained for the 140 basis-set limit CCSD atomization <span class="hlt">energies</span> in the W4-11 database: 9.1 (global extrapolation), 3.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.4 (<span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme) kJ mol-1. The CCSD <span class="hlt">energy</span> in these approximations is obtained from basis sets of up to TZ quality and the latter two approaches require <span class="hlt">additional</span> MP2 calculations with basis sets of up to QZ quality. We also assess the performance of the basis-set extrapolations and <span class="hlt">additivity</span> schemes for a set of 20 basis-set limit CCSD atomization <span class="hlt">energies</span> of larger molecules including amino acids, DNA/RNA bases, aromatic compounds, and platonic hydrocarbon cages. We obtain the following RMSDs for the above methods: 10.2 (global extrapolation), 5.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.9 (<span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme) kJ mol-1.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/867151','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/867151"><span>Controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> liquid dosage formulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Benton, Ben F.; Gardner, David L.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A liquid dual coated dosage formulation sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> pharmaceutic having substantial shelf life prior to ingestion is disclosed. A dual coating is applied over controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> cores to form dosage forms and the coatings comprise fats melting at less than approximately 101.degree. F. overcoated with cellulose acetate phthalate or zein. The dual coated dosage forms are dispersed in a sugar based acidic liquid carrier such as high fructose corn syrup and display a shelf life of up to approximately at least 45 days while still retaining their <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles following ingestion. Cellulose acetate phthalate coated dosage form cores can in <span class="hlt">addition</span> be dispersed in aqueous liquids of pH <5.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840017136','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840017136"><span>Effects of chemical <span class="hlt">releases</span> by the STS-3 Orbiter on the ionosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pickett, J. S.; Murphy, G. B.; Kurth, W. S.; Goertz, C. K.; Shawhan, S. D.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The Plasma Diagnostics Package, flown aboard STS-3 as part of the first Shuttle payload (OSS-1), recorded the effects of various chemical <span class="hlt">releases</span> from the Orbiter. Changes in the plasma environment was observed during flash evaporator system <span class="hlt">releases</span>, water dumps and maneuvering thruster operations. During flash evaporator operations, broadband Orbiter-generated electrostatic noise was enhanced and plasma density irregularities were observed to increase by 3 to 30 times with a spectrum which rose steeply and peaked below 6 Hz. In the case of water dumps, background electrostatic noise was enhanced at frequencies below about 3 kHz and suppressed at frequencies above 2 kHz. Thruster activity also stimulated electrostatic noise with a spectrum which peaked at approximately 0.5 kHz. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, ions with <span class="hlt">energies</span> up to 1 keV were seen during some thruster events.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993IJFr...59...69L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993IJFr...59...69L"><span>Variation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate as a crack approaches and passes through an elastic inclusion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Rongshun; Chudnovsky, A.</p> <p>1993-02-01</p> <p>The variation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate (ERP) at the tip of a crack penetrating an elastic inclusion is analyzed using an approach involving modeling the random array of microcracks or other defects by an elastic inclusion with effective elastic properties. Computations are carried out using a finite element procedure. The eight-noded isoparametric serendipity element with the shift of the midpoint to the quarter-point is used to simulate the singularity at the crack tip, and the crack growth is accommodated by implementing a mesh regeneration technique. The ERP values were calculated for various crack tip positions which simulate the process of the crack approaching and penetrating the inclusion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930060443&hterms=ERP&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DERP','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930060443&hterms=ERP&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DERP"><span>Variation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate as a crack approaches and passes through an elastic inclusion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Li, Rongshun; Chudnovsky, A.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The variation of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate (ERP) at the tip of a crack penetrating an elastic inclusion is analyzed using an approach involving modeling the random array of microcracks or other defects by an elastic inclusion with effective elastic properties. Computations are carried out using a finite element procedure. The eight-noded isoparametric serendipity element with the shift of the midpoint to the quarter-point is used to simulate the singularity at the crack tip, and the crack growth is accommodated by implementing a mesh regeneration technique. The ERP values were calculated for various crack tip positions which simulate the process of the crack approaching and penetrating the inclusion.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6747398','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6747398"><span>Analysis of LNG peakshaving-facility <span class="hlt">release</span>-prevention systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pelto, P.J.; Baker, E.G.; Powers, T.B.</p> <p>1982-05-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of <span class="hlt">release</span> prevention systems for a reference LNG peakshaving facility. An overview assessment of the reference peakshaving facility, which preceeded this effort, identified 14 <span class="hlt">release</span> scenarios which are typical of the potential hazards involved in the operation of LNG peakshaving facilities. These scenarios formed the basis for this more detailed study. Failure modes and effects analysis and fault tree analysis were used to estimate the expected frequency of each <span class="hlt">release</span> scenario for the reference peakshaving facility. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">release</span> prevention, <span class="hlt">release</span> detection, and <span class="hlt">release</span> control systems weremore » evaluated.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381897','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381897"><span>Effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> values for broiler diets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Byung Bo; Yang, Tae Sung; Goo, Doyun; Choi, Hyeon Seok; Pitargue, Franco Martinez; Jung, Hyunjung; Kil, Dong Yong</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TME n ) for broiler diets. A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary β-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and TME n values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary β-mannanase were determined. Results indicated that when β-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and TME n values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the <span class="hlt">additivity</span>. However, for the diet containing β-mannanase, measured TME n value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted TME n value, indicating that the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> was not validated. In conclusion, the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains β-mannanase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5838329','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5838329"><span>Effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> values for broiler diets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lee, Byung Bo; Yang, Tae Sung; Goo, Doyun; Choi, Hyeon Seok; Pitargue, Franco Martinez; Jung, Hyunjung; Kil, Dong Yong</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Objective This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable <span class="hlt">energy</span> (TMEn) for broiler diets. Methods A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. <span class="hlt">Additional</span> 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary β-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and TMEn values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary β-mannanase were determined. Results Results indicated that when β-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and TMEn values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the <span class="hlt">additivity</span>. However, for the diet containing β-mannanase, measured TMEn value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted TMEn value, indicating that the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> was not validated. Conclusion In conclusion, the <span class="hlt">additivity</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains β-mannanase. PMID:29381897</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850004196','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850004196"><span>Dynamic compression and volatile <span class="hlt">release</span> of carbonates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tyburczy, J. A.; Ahrens, T. J.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Particle velocity profiles upon shock compression and isentropic <span class="hlt">releases</span> were measured for polycrystalline calcite. The Solenhofen limestone <span class="hlt">release</span> paths lie, close to the Hugoniot. Calcite 3 to 2 transition, upon <span class="hlt">release</span>, was observed, but rarefaction shocks were not detected. The equation of state is used to predict the fraction of material devolatilized upon isentropic <span class="hlt">release</span> as a function of shock pressure. The effect of ambient partial pressure of CO2 on the calculations is demonstrated and considered in models of atmospheric evolution by impact induced mineral devolatilization. The radiative characteristics of shocked calcite indicate that localization of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> occurs under shock compression. Shock entropy calculations result in a minimum estimate of 90% devolatilization upon complete <span class="hlt">release</span> from 10 GPa. Isentropic <span class="hlt">release</span> paths from calculated continuum Hugoniot temperatures cross into the CaO (solid) + CO2 (vapor) field at improbably low pressures. It is found that <span class="hlt">release</span> paths from measured shock temperatures cross into the melt plus vapor field at pressures greater than .5 GPa, which suggests that devolatilization is initiated at the shear banding sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29035713','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29035713"><span>An overview of chemical <span class="hlt">additives</span> present in plastics: Migration, <span class="hlt">release</span>, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hahladakis, John N; Velis, Costas A; Weber, Roland; Iacovidou, Eleni; Purnell, Phil</p> <p>2018-02-15</p> <p>Over the last 60 years plastics production has increased manifold, owing to their inexpensive, multipurpose, durable and lightweight nature. These characteristics have raised the demand for plastic materials that will continue to grow over the coming years. However, with increased plastic materials production, comes increased plastic material wastage creating a number of challenges, as well as opportunities to the waste management industry. The present overview highlights the waste management and pollution challenges, emphasising on the various chemical substances (known as "<span class="hlt">additives</span>") contained in all plastic products for enhancing polymer properties and prolonging their life. Despite how useful these <span class="hlt">additives</span> are in the functionality of polymer products, their potential to contaminate soil, air, water and food is widely documented in literature and described herein. These <span class="hlt">additives</span> can potentially migrate and undesirably lead to human exposure via e.g. food contact materials, such as packaging. They can, also, be <span class="hlt">released</span> from plastics during the various recycling and recovery processes and from the products produced from recyclates. Thus, sound recycling has to be performed in such a way as to ensure that emission of substances of high concern and contamination of recycled products is avoided, ensuring environmental and human health protection, at all times. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22486300-additive-effects-electronic-nuclear-energy-losses-irradiation-induced-amorphization-zircon','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22486300-additive-effects-electronic-nuclear-energy-losses-irradiation-induced-amorphization-zircon"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> effects of electronic and nuclear <span class="hlt">energy</span> losses in irradiation-induced amorphization of zircon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zarkadoula, Eva; Toulemonde, Marcel; Weber, William J.</p> <p>2015-12-28</p> <p>We used a combination of ion cascades and the unified thermal spike model to study the electronic effects from 800 keV Kr and Xe ion irradiation in zircon. We compared the damage production for four cases: (a) due to ion cascades alone, (b) due to ion cascades with the electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss activated as a friction term, (c) due to the thermal spike from the combined electronic and nuclear <span class="hlt">energy</span> losses, and (d) due to ion cascades with electronic stopping and the electron-phonon interactions superimposed. We found that taking the electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss out as a friction term results in reducedmore » damage, while the electronic electron-phonon interactions have <span class="hlt">additive</span> impact on the final damage created per ion.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2016S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2016S"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate analysis on the interface cracks of enamel-cement-bracket fracture using virtual crack closure technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samshuri, S. F.; Daud, R.; Rojan, M. A.; Mat, F.; Basaruddin, K. S.; Hassan, R.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This paper presents the <span class="hlt">energy</span> method to evaluate fracture behavior of enamel-cement-bracket system based on cement thickness. Finite element (FE) model of enamel-cement-bracket was constructed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Three different thickness were used in this study, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.271 mm which assigned as thin, medium and thick for both enamel-cement and cement bracket interface cracks. Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was implemented as a simulation method to calculated <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate (ERR). Simulation results were obtained for each thickness are discussed by using Griffith’s <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance approach. ERR for thin thickness are found to be the lowest compared to medium and thick. Peak value of ERR also showed a significant different between medium and thick thickness. Therefore, weakest bonding occurred at low cement thickness because less load required to produce enough <span class="hlt">energy</span> to detach the bracket. For medium and thick thickness, both increased rapidly in <span class="hlt">energy</span> value at about the mid-point of the enamel-cement interface. This behavior occurred because of the increasing in mechanical and surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> when the cracks are increasing. However, result for thick thickness are higher at mid-point compared to thin thickness. In conclusion, fracture behavior of enamel cracking process for medium most likely the safest to avoid enamel fracture and withstand bracket debonding.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5492188','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5492188"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1987 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1987 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized. 16 tabs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5667195','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5667195"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1988 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1988 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized. 16 tabs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf"><span>10 CFR 810.14 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 810.14 Section 810.14 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ACTIVITIES § 810.14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The... activity to submit <span class="hlt">additional</span> information. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec14-43.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec14-43.pdf"><span>10 CFR 14.43 - Acceptance of payment constitutes <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acceptance of payment constitutes <span class="hlt">release</span>. 14.43 Section... Commission Action and Authority § 14.43 Acceptance of payment constitutes <span class="hlt">release</span>. Acceptance by the claimant, his agent, or legal representative, of any award, compromise, or settlement made under the provisions...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4455754','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4455754"><span>Somatodendritic dopamine <span class="hlt">release</span>: recent mechanistic insights</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rice, Margaret E.; Patel, Jyoti C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Dopamine (DA) is a key transmitter in motor, reward and cogitative pathways, with DA dysfunction implicated in disorders including Parkinson's disease and addiction. Located in midbrain, DA neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta project via the medial forebrain bundle to the dorsal striatum (caudate putamen), and DA neurons in the adjacent ventral tegmental area project to the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) and prefrontal cortex. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to classical vesicular <span class="hlt">release</span> from axons, midbrain DA neurons exhibit DA <span class="hlt">release</span> from their cell bodies and dendrites. Somatodendritic DA <span class="hlt">release</span> leads to activation of D2 DA autoreceptors on DA neurons that inhibit their firing via G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels. This helps determine patterns of DA signalling at distant axonal <span class="hlt">release</span> sites. Somatodendritically <span class="hlt">released</span> DA also acts via volume transmission to extrasynaptic receptors that modulate local transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> and neuronal activity in the midbrain. Thus, somatodendritic <span class="hlt">release</span> is a pivotal intrinsic feature of DA neurons that must be well defined in order to fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of DA pathways. Here, we review recent mechanistic aspects of somatodendritic DA <span class="hlt">release</span>, with particular emphasis on the Ca2+ dependence of <span class="hlt">release</span> and the potential role of exocytotic proteins. PMID:26009764</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20070266','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20070266"><span>Chemical agent simulant <span class="hlt">release</span> from clothing following vapor exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feldman, Robert J</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>Most ambulatory victims of a terrorist chemical attack will have exposure to vapor only. The study objective was to measure the duration of chemical vapor <span class="hlt">release</span> from various types of clothing. A chemical agent was simulated using methyl salicylate (MeS), which has similar physical properties to sulfur mustard and was the agent used in the U.S. Army's Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST). Vapor concentration was measured with a Smiths Detection Advanced Portable Detector (APD)-2000 unit. The clothing items were exposed to vapor for 1 hour in a sealed cabinet; vapor concentration was measured at the start and end of each exposure. Clothing was then removed and assessed every 5 minutes with the APD-2000, using a uniform sweep pattern, until readings remained 0. Concentration and duration of vapor <span class="hlt">release</span> from clothing varied with clothing composition and construction. Lightweight cotton shirts and jeans had the least trapped vapor; down outerwear, the most. Vapor concentration near the clothing often increased for several minutes after the clothing was removed from the contaminated environment. Compression of thick outerwear <span class="hlt">released</span> <span class="hlt">additional</span> vapor. Mean times to reach 0 ranged from 7 minutes for jeans to 42 minutes for down jackets. This simulation model of chemical vapor <span class="hlt">release</span> demonstrates persistent presence of simulant vapor over time. This implies that chemical vapor may be <span class="hlt">released</span> from the victims' clothing after they are evacuated from the site of exposure, resulting in <span class="hlt">additional</span> exposure of victims and emergency responders. Insulated outerwear can <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">additional</span> vapor when handled. If a patient has just moved to a vapor screening point, immediate assessment before <span class="hlt">additional</span> vapor can be <span class="hlt">released</span> from the clothing can lead to a false-negative assessment of contamination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28204941','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28204941"><span>Microscopic progression in the free radical <span class="hlt">addition</span> reaction: modeling, geometry, <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and kinetics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yun; Huang, Hong; Liang, Zhiling; Liu, Houhe; Yi, Ling; Zhang, Jinhong; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhong, Cheng; Huang, Yugang; Ye, Guodong</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The free radical <span class="hlt">addition</span> reaction is very important in UV curing. The benzoyl radical is the most commonly observed radical. In the <span class="hlt">addition</span> process, the benzoyl radical adds to an acrylate monomer, forming a primary radical that has great value for subsequent research. In this article, a quantum chemical method was used to study the microscopic progression from the reactive complex to the saddle point. The reactions of three monomers (amylene, allyl methyl ether and methyl acrylate) with a benzoyl radical were evaluated in terms of geometry and <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The results were also interpreted with an expanded version of the Polanyi rules and the interaction/deformation theory. The deformation <span class="hlt">energy</span> of methyl acrylate was found to be the smallest, and the bond formation index showed that the transition state in the methyl acrylate system forms early, and can easily reach the saddle point. The activity of the monomer was ascertained by charge analysis and was further confirmed by the reaction rate. Mayer bond order curves depicted the constantly changing chemical bonds during formation and dissociation. Reduced density gradient analysis showed a weak interaction between the monomer and the benzoyl radical.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BAEFC2511-C887-4C63-8DA8-58E154CC4E14%7D','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BAEFC2511-C887-4C63-8DA8-58E154CC4E14%7D"><span>Toxic <span class="hlt">Release</span> Inventory Chemicals by Groupings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Toxics <span class="hlt">Release</span> Inventory (TRI) makes available information for more than 600 toxic chemicals that are being used, manufactured, treated, transported, or <span class="hlt">released</span> into the environment since 1987. EPA makes changes (<span class="hlt">additions</span>, deletions, or changes in definition) to the TRI chemical list. As a result, the TRI list of reportable toxic chemicals can vary from year to year. EPA created groupings such as the core chemical lists (of 1988, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2000, and 2001) to facilitate year-to-year comparison based on a consistent set of reporting requirements and assure that changes in TRI <span class="hlt">release</span> or other waste management amounts do not reflect the <span class="hlt">addition</span>, deletion, or change in definition of reportable chemicals. EPA also created groupings of specific chemicals of interest by categories such as Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), Metals, Newly Added TRI Chemicals in 1995, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, Carcinogens), Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals, and Priority Chemicals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1091340','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1091340"><span>Deep Sludge Gas <span class="hlt">Release</span> Event Analytical Evaluation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sams, Terry L.</p> <p>2013-08-15</p> <p>Long Abstract. Full Text. The purpose of the Deep Sludge Gas <span class="hlt">Release</span> Event Analytical Evaluation (DSGRE-AE) is to evaluate the postulated hypothesis that a hydrogen GRE may occur in Hanford tanks containing waste sludges at levels greater than previously experienced. There is a need to understand gas retention and <span class="hlt">release</span> hazards in sludge beds which are 200 -300 inches deep. These sludge beds are deeper than historical Hanford sludge waste beds, and are created when waste is retrieved from older single-shell tanks (SST) and transferred to newer double-shell tanks (DST).Retrieval of waste from SSTs reduces the risk to the environmentmore » from leakage or potential leakage of waste into the ground from these tanks. However, the possibility of an energetic event (flammable gas accident) in the retrieval receiver DST is worse than slow leakage. Lines of inquiry, therefore, are (1) can sludge waste be stored safely in deep beds; (2) can gas <span class="hlt">release</span> events (GRE) be prevented by periodically degassing the sludge (e.g., mixer pump); or (3) does the retrieval strategy need to be altered to limit sludge bed height by retrieving into <span class="hlt">additional</span> DSTs? The scope of this effort is to provide expert advice on whether or not to move forward with the generation of deep beds of sludge through retrieval of C-Farm tanks. Evaluation of possible mitigation methods (e.g., using mixer pumps to <span class="hlt">release</span> gas, retrieving into an <span class="hlt">additional</span> DST) are being evaluated by a second team and are not discussed in this report. While available data and engineering judgment indicate that increased gas retention (retained gas fraction) in DST sludge at depths resulting from the completion of SST 241-C Tank Farm retrievals is not expected and, even if gas <span class="hlt">releases</span> were to occur, they would be small and local, a positive USQ was declared (Occurrence Report EM-RP--WRPS-TANKFARM-2012-0014, "Potential Exists for a Large Spontaneous Gas <span class="hlt">Release</span> Event in Deep Settled Waste Sludge"). The purpose of this</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27829373','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27829373"><span>Pyruvate oxidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to pneumolysin <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bryant, Joseph C; Dabbs, Ridge C; Oswalt, Katie L; Brown, Lindsey R; Rosch, Jason W; Seo, Keun S; Donaldson, Janet R; McDaniel, Larry S; Thornton, Justin A</p> <p>2016-11-09</p> <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of community acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media. Certain aspects of S. pneumoniae's virulence are dependent upon expression and <span class="hlt">release</span> of the protein toxin pneumolysin (PLY) and upon the activity of the peroxide-producing enzyme, pyruvate oxidase (SpxB). We investigated the possible synergy of these two proteins and identified that <span class="hlt">release</span> of PLY is enhanced by expression of SpxB prior to stationary phase growth. Mutants lacking the spxB gene were defective in PLY <span class="hlt">release</span> and complementation of spxB restored PLY <span class="hlt">release</span>. This was demonstrated by cytotoxic effects of sterile filtered supernatants upon epithelial cells and red blood cells. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, peroxide production appeared to contribute to the mechanism of PLY <span class="hlt">release</span> since a significant correlation was found between peroxide production and PLY <span class="hlt">release</span> among a panel of clinical isolates. Exogenous <span class="hlt">addition</span> of H 2 O 2 failed to induce PLY <span class="hlt">release</span> and catalase supplementation prevented PLY <span class="hlt">release</span> in some strains, indicating peroxide may exert its effect intracellularly or in a strain-dependent manner. SpxB expression did not trigger bacterial cell death or LytA-dependent autolysis, but did predispose cells to deoxycholate lysis. Here we demonstrate a novel link between spxB expression and PLY <span class="hlt">release</span>. These findings link liberation of PLY toxin to oxygen availability and pneumococcal metabolism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014667','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014667"><span>Storing and transporting <span class="hlt">energy</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>McClaine, Andrew W.; Brown, Kenneth</p> <p>2010-09-07</p> <p>Among other things, hydrogen is <span class="hlt">released</span> from water at a first location using <span class="hlt">energy</span> from a first <span class="hlt">energy</span> source; the <span class="hlt">released</span> hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1237643-additive-effects-electronic-nuclear-energy-loss-irradiation-induced-amorphization-zircon','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1237643-additive-effects-electronic-nuclear-energy-loss-irradiation-induced-amorphization-zircon"><span><span class="hlt">Additive</span> effects of electronic and nuclear <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss in irradiation-induced amorphization of zircon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zarkadoula, Eva; Toulemonde, Marcel; Weber, William J.</p> <p>2015-12-29</p> <p>We used a combination of ion cascades and the unified thermal spike model to study the electronic effects from 800 keV Kr and Xe ion irradiation in zircon. We compared the damage production for four cases: (a) due to ion cascades alone, (b) due to ion cascades with the electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss activated as a friction term, (c) due to the thermal spike from the combined electronic and nuclear <span class="hlt">energy</span> losses, and (d) due to ion cascades with electronic stopping and the electron-phonon interactions superimposed. As a result, we found that taking the electronic <span class="hlt">energy</span> loss out as a frictionmore » term results in reduced damage, while the electronic electron-phonon interactions have <span class="hlt">additive</span> impact on the final damage created per ion.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22488587-estimating-ccsd-basis-set-limit-energy-from-small-basis-sets-basis-set-extrapolations-vs-additivity-schemes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22488587-estimating-ccsd-basis-set-limit-energy-from-small-basis-sets-basis-set-extrapolations-vs-additivity-schemes"><span>Estimating the CCSD basis-set limit <span class="hlt">energy</span> from small basis sets: basis-set extrapolations vs <span class="hlt">additivity</span> schemes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Spackman, Peter R.; Karton, Amir, E-mail: amir.karton@uwa.edu.au</p> <p></p> <p>Coupled cluster calculations with all single and double excitations (CCSD) converge exceedingly slowly with the size of the one-particle basis set. We assess the performance of a number of approaches for obtaining CCSD correlation <span class="hlt">energies</span> close to the complete basis-set limit in conjunction with relatively small DZ and TZ basis sets. These include global and system-dependent extrapolations based on the A + B/L{sup α} two-point extrapolation formula, and the well-known <span class="hlt">additivity</span> approach that uses an MP2-based basis-set-correction term. We show that the basis set convergence rate can change dramatically between different systems(e.g.it is slower for molecules with polar bonds and/ormore » second-row elements). The system-dependent basis-set extrapolation scheme, in which unique basis-set extrapolation exponents for each system are obtained from lower-cost MP2 calculations, significantly accelerates the basis-set convergence relative to the global extrapolations. Nevertheless, we find that the simple MP2-based basis-set <span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme outperforms the extrapolation approaches. For example, the following root-mean-squared deviations are obtained for the 140 basis-set limit CCSD atomization <span class="hlt">energies</span> in the W4-11 database: 9.1 (global extrapolation), 3.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.4 (<span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme) kJ mol{sup –1}. The CCSD <span class="hlt">energy</span> in these approximations is obtained from basis sets of up to TZ quality and the latter two approaches require <span class="hlt">additional</span> MP2 calculations with basis sets of up to QZ quality. We also assess the performance of the basis-set extrapolations and <span class="hlt">additivity</span> schemes for a set of 20 basis-set limit CCSD atomization <span class="hlt">energies</span> of larger molecules including amino acids, DNA/RNA bases, aromatic compounds, and platonic hydrocarbon cages. We obtain the following RMSDs for the above methods: 10.2 (global extrapolation), 5.7 (system-dependent extrapolation), and 2.9 (<span class="hlt">additivity</span> scheme) kJ mol{sup –1}.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/543282','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/543282"><span>Stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> in irradiated silicon carbide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Snead, L.L.; Burchell, T.D.</p> <p>1997-04-01</p> <p>This report presents a short review of the phenomenon of Wigner stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> from irradiated graphite and discusses it in relation to neutron irradiation of silicon carbide. A single published work in the area of stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in SiC is reviewed and the results are discussed. It appears from this previous work that because the combination of the comparatively high specific heat of SiC and distribution in activation <span class="hlt">energies</span> for recombining defects, the stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of SiC should only be a problem at temperatures lower than those considered for fusion devices. The conclusion of this preliminary reviewmore » is that the stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> in SiC will not be sufficient to cause catastrophic heating in fusion reactor components, though further study would be desirable.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/state_renewable.html','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/state_renewable.html"><span>State Renewable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Requirements and Goals: Update through 2009 (Update) (<span class="hlt">released</span> in AEO2010)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>To the extent possible,Annual <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Outlook 2010 (AEO) incorporates the impacts of state laws requiring the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of renewable generation or capacity by utilities doing business in the states. Currently, 30 states and the District of Columbia have enforceable renewable portfolio standards (RPS) or similar laws). Under such standards, each state determines its own levels of generation, eligible technologies, and noncompliance penalties. AEO2010 includes the impacts of all laws in effect as of September 2009 (with the exception of Hawaii, because the National <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Modeling System provides electricity market projections for the continental United States only).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4174046','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4174046"><span>Naltrexone sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>/bupropion sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> for the management of obesity: review of the data to date</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Caixàs, Assumpta; Albert, Lara; Capel, Ismael; Rigla, Mercedes</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Obesity is an emerging disease worldwide. Changes in living habits, especially with increased consumption of high-calorie foods and decreased levels of physical activity, lead to an <span class="hlt">energy</span> imbalance that brings weight gain. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for several chronic diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer), reduce quality of life, and are associated with higher mortality. For all these reasons, it is of the utmost importance that the trend be reversed and obese people enabled to lose weight. It is known that eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help prevent obesity, but data show that in many cases these steps are not enough. This is the reason why, over the last few decades, several antiobesity drugs have been developed. However, the disappointing results demonstrated for the vast majority of them have not discouraged the pharmaceutical industry from continuing to look for an effective drug or combination of drugs. The systematic review presented here focuses on naltrexone sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>/bupropion sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> combination (Contrave®). We conclude from the current published reports that its effectiveness in the treatment of obesity can be estimated as a placebo-subtracted weight loss of around 4.5%. This weight reduction is moderate but similar to other antiobesity drugs. The safety profile of this combination is acceptable, despite <span class="hlt">additional</span> data regarding cardiovascular disease being needed. PMID:25258511</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258511','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258511"><span>Naltrexone sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>/bupropion sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> for the management of obesity: review of the data to date.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Caixàs, Assumpta; Albert, Lara; Capel, Ismael; Rigla, Mercedes</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Obesity is an emerging disease worldwide. Changes in living habits, especially with increased consumption of high-calorie foods and decreased levels of physical activity, lead to an <span class="hlt">energy</span> imbalance that brings weight gain. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for several chronic diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer), reduce quality of life, and are associated with higher mortality. For all these reasons, it is of the utmost importance that the trend be reversed and obese people enabled to lose weight. It is known that eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help prevent obesity, but data show that in many cases these steps are not enough. This is the reason why, over the last few decades, several antiobesity drugs have been developed. However, the disappointing results demonstrated for the vast majority of them have not discouraged the pharmaceutical industry from continuing to look for an effective drug or combination of drugs. The systematic review presented here focuses on naltrexone sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>/bupropion sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> combination (Contrave(®)). We conclude from the current published reports that its effectiveness in the treatment of obesity can be estimated as a placebo-subtracted weight loss of around 4.5%. This weight reduction is moderate but similar to other antiobesity drugs. The safety profile of this combination is acceptable, despite <span class="hlt">additional</span> data regarding cardiovascular disease being needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250393','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250393"><span>Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> Studies from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Seed Polysaccharide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jeevanandham, Somasundaram; Dhachinamoorthi, Duraiswamy; Bannoth Chandra Sekhar, Kothapalli</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This study examines the controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior of both water-soluble (acetaminophen, caffeine, theophylline and salicylic acid) and water insoluble (indomethacin) drugs derived from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed Gum isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima kernel powder. It further investigates the effect of incorporating diluents such as microcrystalline cellulose and lactose on caffeine <span class="hlt">release</span>. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> the effect the gum's (polysaccharide) partial cross-linking had on <span class="hlt">release</span> of acetaminophen was examined. Applying the exponential equation, the soluble drugs mechanism of <span class="hlt">release</span> was found to be anomalous. The insoluble drugs showed a near case II or zero order <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism. The rate of <span class="hlt">release</span> in descending order was caffeine, acetaminophen, theophylline, salicylic acid and indomethacin. An increase in the <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics of the drug was observed on blending with diluents. However, the rate of <span class="hlt">release</span> varied with the type and amount of blend within the matrix. The mechanism of <span class="hlt">release</span> due to effect of diluents was found to be anomalous. The rate of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> decreased upon partial cross-linking and the mechanism of <span class="hlt">release</span> was found to be of super case II.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930048122&hterms=Serotonin&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DSerotonin','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930048122&hterms=Serotonin&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DSerotonin"><span>Serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span> varies with brain tryptophan levels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schaechter, Judith D.; Wurtman, Richard J.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>This study examines directly the effects on serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span> of varying brain tryptophan levels within the physiologic range. It also addresses possible interactions between tryptophan availability and the frequency of membrane depolarization in controlling serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span>. We demonstrate that reducing tryptophan levels in rat hypothalamic slices (by superfusing them with medium supplemented with 100 microM leucine) decreases tissue serotonin levels as well as both the spontaneous and the electrically-evoked serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Conversely, elevating tissue tryptophan levels (by superfusing slices with medium supplemented with 2 microM tryptophan) increases both the tissue serotonin levels and the serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span> was found to be affected independently by the tryptophan availability and the frequency of electrical field-stimulation (1-5 Hz), since increasing both variables produced nearly <span class="hlt">additive</span> increases in <span class="hlt">release</span>. These observations demonstrate for the first time that both precursor-dependent elevations and reductions in brain serotonin levels produce proportionate changes in serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span>, and that the magnitude of the tryptophan effect is unrelated to neuronal firing frequency. The data support the hypothesis that serotonin <span class="hlt">release</span> is proportionate to intracellular serotonin levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22225153-remedial-investigation-hanford-site-releases-columbia-river','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22225153-remedial-investigation-hanford-site-releases-columbia-river"><span>Remedial Investigation of Hanford Site <span class="hlt">Releases</span> to the Columbia River - 13603</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lerch, J.A.; Hulstrom, L.C.; Sands, J.P.</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>In south-central Washington State, the Columbia River flows through the U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Hanford Site. A primary objective of the Hanford Site cleanup mission is protection of the Columbia River, through remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater that resulted from its weapons production mission. Within the Columbia River system, surface water, sediment, and biota samples related to potential Hanford Site hazardous substance <span class="hlt">releases</span> have been collected since the start of Hanford operations. The impacts from <span class="hlt">release</span> of Hanford Site radioactive substances to the Columbia River in areas upstream, within, and downstream of the Hanford Site boundary have been previouslymore » investigated as mandated by the U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> requirements under the Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Act. The Remedial Investigation Work Plan for Hanford Site <span class="hlt">Releases</span> to the Columbia River [1] was issued in 2008 to initiate assessment of the impacts under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 [2]. The work plan established a phased approach to characterize contaminants, assess current risks, and determine whether or not there is a need for any cleanup actions. Field investigation activities over a 120-mile stretch of the Columbia River began in October 2008 and were completed in 2010. Sampled media included surface water, pore water, surface and core sediment, island soil, and fish (carp, walleye, whitefish, sucker, small-mouth bass, and sturgeon). Information and sample results from the field investigation were used to characterize current conditions within the Columbia River and assess whether current conditions posed a risk to ecological or human receptors that would merit <span class="hlt">additional</span> study or response actions under CERCLA. The human health and ecological risk assessments are documented in reports that were published in 2012 [3, 4]. Conclusions from the risk assessment reports are being summarized and integrated with remedial investigation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762664','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762664"><span>Channel-mediated lactate <span class="hlt">release</span> by K⁺-stimulated astrocytes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sotelo-Hitschfeld, Tamara; Niemeyer, María I; Mächler, Philipp; Ruminot, Iván; Lerchundi, Rodrigo; Wyss, Matthias T; Stobart, Jillian; Fernández-Moncada, Ignacio; Valdebenito, Rocío; Garrido-Gerter, Pamela; Contreras-Baeza, Yasna; Schneider, Bernard L; Aebischer, Patrick; Lengacher, Sylvain; San Martín, Alejandro; Le Douce, Juliette; Bonvento, Gilles; Magistretti, Pierre J; Sepúlveda, Francisco V; Weber, Bruno; Barros, L Felipe</p> <p>2015-03-11</p> <p>Excitatory synaptic transmission is accompanied by a local surge in interstitial lactate that occurs despite adequate oxygen availability, a puzzling phenomenon termed aerobic glycolysis. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to its role as an <span class="hlt">energy</span> substrate, recent studies have shown that lactate modulates neuronal excitability acting through various targets, including NMDA receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors specific for lactate, but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the increase in interstitial lactate. Using a panel of genetically encoded fluorescence nanosensors for <span class="hlt">energy</span> metabolites, we show here that mouse astrocytes in culture, in cortical slices, and in vivo maintain a steady-state reservoir of lactate. The reservoir was <span class="hlt">released</span> to the extracellular space immediately after exposure of astrocytes to a physiological rise in extracellular K(+) or cell depolarization. Cell-attached patch-clamp analysis of cultured astrocytes revealed a 37 pS lactate-permeable ion channel activated by cell depolarization. The channel was modulated by lactate itself, resulting in a positive feedback loop for lactate <span class="hlt">release</span>. A rapid fall in intracellular lactate levels was also observed in cortical astrocytes of anesthetized mice in response to local field stimulation. The existence of an astrocytic lactate reservoir and its quick mobilization via an ion channel in response to a neuronal cue provides fresh support to lactate roles in neuronal fueling and in gliotransmission. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/354168-11$15.00/0.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5095587','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5095587"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1978</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commerical light water reactors during 1978 have been compiled and reported. Data on soild waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1978 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are compared with previous years <span class="hlt">releases</span> in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756100','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756100"><span>Water transport and <span class="hlt">energy</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fricke, Wieland</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Water transport in plants occurs along various paths and is driven by gradients in its free <span class="hlt">energy</span>. It is generally considered that the mode of transport, being either diffusion or bulk flow, is a passive process, although <span class="hlt">energy</span> may be required to sustain the forces driving water flow. This review aims at putting water flow at the various organisational levels (cell, organ, plant) in the context of the <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is required to maintain these flows. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the question is addressed (1) whether water can be transported against a difference in its chemical free <span class="hlt">energy</span>, 'water potential' (Ψ), through, directly or indirectly, active processes; and (2) whether the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">released</span> when water is flowing down a gradient in its <span class="hlt">energy</span>, for example during day-time transpiration and cell expansive growth, is significant compared to the <span class="hlt">energy</span> budget of plant and cell. The overall aim of review is not so much to provide a definite 'Yes' and 'No' to these questions, but rather to stimulate discussion and raise awareness that water transport in plants has its real, associated, <span class="hlt">energy</span> costs and potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> gains. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17978513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17978513"><span>Analysis of the <span class="hlt">release</span> process of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride from ethylcellulose matrix granules IV.(1)) Evaluation of the controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> properties for in vivo and in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fukui, Atsuko; Fujii, Ryuta; Yonezawa, Yorinobu; Sunada, Hisakazu</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>In the pharmaceutical preparation of a controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> drug, it is very important and necessary to understand the <span class="hlt">release</span> properties. The dissolution test is a very important and useful method for understanding and predicting drug-<span class="hlt">release</span> properties. It was readily confirmed in the previous paper that the <span class="hlt">release</span> process could be assessed quantitatively by a combination of the square-root time law and cube-root law equations for ethylcellulose (EC) matrix granules of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA). In this paper EC layered granules were used in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to EC matrix. The relationship between <span class="hlt">release</span> property and the concentration of PPA in plasma after administration using beagle dogs were examined. Then it was confirmed that the correlativity for EC layered granules and EC matrix were similar each other. Therefore, it was considered that the dissolution test is useful for prediction of changes in concentration of PPA in the blood with time. And it was suggested that EC layered granules were suitable as a controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> system as well as EC matrix.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701016','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701016"><span>Structural properties and <span class="hlt">release</span> of insulin-loaded reverse hexagonal (HII) liquid crystalline mesophase.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishraki-Berkowitz, Tehila; Aserin, Abraham; Garti, Nissim</p> <p>2017-01-15</p> <p>Insulin loading into the H II mesophases was examined as a function of its concentration, with <span class="hlt">addition</span> of glycerol as a cosolvent and with <span class="hlt">addition</span> of phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a structural stabilizer. The structural properties, the molecular interactions, the viscoelastic properties, and the dynamic behavior were investigated by SAXS, ATR-FTIR, and rheological measurements. Insulin <span class="hlt">release</span> was then monitored and analyzed. Insulin incorporation into the H II systems shrank the cylinders as it competed with the lipids in water-bonding. Insulin interrupted the interface while increasing τ max and creating a more solid-like response. Upon <span class="hlt">addition</span> of PC, cooperative flow behavior was detected, which is probably the reason for increase in insulin cumulative <span class="hlt">release</span> from 28% to 52% after 300 min. In the presence of glycerol, the system was less cooperative but insulin was more compactly folded, resulting in a slight improvement in insulin <span class="hlt">release</span> (up to 6%). <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of both PC and glycerol caused the maximum <span class="hlt">release</span> (55%). The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of <span class="hlt">additives</span> into the H II system demonstrates how structural modifications can improve insulin <span class="hlt">release</span>, and influence future design of encapsulated drug delivery systems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459200"><span>Zinc <span class="hlt">release</span> from Schaffer collaterals and its significance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Takeda, Atsushi; Nakajima, Satoko; Fuke, Sayuri; Sakurada, Naomi; Minami, Akira; Oku, Naoto</p> <p>2006-02-15</p> <p>On the basis of the evidence that approximately 45% of Schaffer collateral boutons are zinc-positive, zinc <span class="hlt">release</span> from Schaffer collaterals and its action were examined in hippocampal slices. When zinc <span class="hlt">release</span> from Schaffer collaterals was examined using ZnAF-2, a membrane-impermeable zinc indicator, ZnAF-2 signal in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 was increased by tetanic stimuli at 100 Hz for 1s, suggesting that zinc is <span class="hlt">released</span> from Schaffer collaterals in a calcium- and impulse-dependent manner. An in vivo microdialysis experiment indicated that the perfusion with 10 microM zinc significantly decreases extracellular glutamate concentration in the CA1. When tetanic stimuli at 100 Hz for 5s were delivered to the dentate granule cells, the increase in calcium signal in the stratum radiatum of the CA1, as well as in the stratum lucidum of the CA3, was attenuated by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 10 microM zinc, while enhanced by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 1mM CaEDTA, a membrane-impermeable zinc chelator. The increase in calcium signal in the CA1, in which Schaffer collateral synapses exist, during delivery of tetanic stimuli at 100 Hz for 1s to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway was also significantly enhanced by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 1mM CaEDTA. These results suggest that zinc <span class="hlt">released</span> from Schaffer collaterals suppressively modulates presynaptic and postsynaptic calcium signaling in the CA1, followed by the suppression of glutamate <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29488635','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29488635"><span>Stretch-induced Ca2+ independent ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> in hippocampal astrocytes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xiong, Yingfei; Teng, Sasa; Zheng, Lianghong; Sun, Suhua; Li, Jie; Guo, Ning; Li, Mingli; Wang, Li; Zhu, Feipeng; Wang, Changhe; Rao, Zhiren; Zhou, Zhuan</p> <p>2018-02-28</p> <p>Similar to neurons, astrocytes actively participate in synaptic transmission via <span class="hlt">releasing</span> gliotransmitters. The Ca 2+ -dependent <span class="hlt">release</span> of gliotransmitters includes glutamate and ATP. Following an 'on-cell-like' mechanical stimulus to a single astrocyte, Ca 2+ independent single, large, non-quantal, ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> occurs. Astrocytic ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> is inhibited by either selective antagonist treatment or genetic knockdown of P2X7 receptor channels. Our work suggests that ATP can be <span class="hlt">released</span> from astrocytes via two independent pathways in hippocampal astrocytes; in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the known Ca 2+ -dependent vesicular <span class="hlt">release</span>, larger non-quantal ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> depends on P2X7 channels following mechanical stretch. Astrocytic ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> is essential for brain functions such as synaptic long-term potentiation for learning and memory. However, whether and how ATP is <span class="hlt">released</span> via exocytosis remains hotly debated. All previous studies of non-vesicular ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> have used indirect assays. By contrast, two recent studies report vesicular ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> using more direct assays. In the present study, using patch clamped 'ATP-sniffer cells', we re-investigated astrocytic ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> at single-vesicle resolution in hippocampal astrocytes. Following an 'on-cell-like' mechanical stimulus of a single astrocyte, a Ca 2+ independent single large non-quantal ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> occurred, in contrast to the Ca 2+ -dependent multiple small quantal ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> in a chromaffin cell. The mechanical stimulation-induced ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> from an astrocyte was inhibited by either exposure to a selective antagonist or genetic knockdown of P2X7 receptor channels. Functional P2X7 channels were expressed in astrocytes in hippocampal brain slices. Thus, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to small quantal ATP <span class="hlt">release</span>, larger non-quantal ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> depends on P2X7 channels in astrocytes. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2018 The Physiological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514078','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514078"><span>Mechanism of Mg2+-Accompanied Product <span class="hlt">Release</span> in Sugar Nucleotidyltransferases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vithani, Neha; Ankush Jagtap, Pravin Kumar; Verma, Sunil Kumar; Tripathi, Ravi; Awasthi, Shalini; Nair, Nisanth N; Prakash, Balaji</p> <p>2018-03-06</p> <p>The nucleotidyl transfer reaction, catalyzed by sugar nucleotidyltransferases (SNTs), is assisted by two active site Mg 2+ ions. While studying this reaction using X-ray crystallography, we captured snapshots of the pyrophosphate (product) as it exits along a pocket. Surprisingly, one of the active site Mg 2+ ions remains coordinated to the exiting pyrophosphate. This hints at the participation of Mg 2+ in the process of product <span class="hlt">release</span>, besides its role in catalyzing nucleotidyl transfer. These observations are further supported by enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations. Free <span class="hlt">energy</span> computations suggest that the product <span class="hlt">release</span> is likely to be rate limiting in SNTs, and the origin of the high free <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for product <span class="hlt">release</span> could be traced back to the "slow" conformational change of an Arg residue at the exit end of the pocket. These results establish a dual role for Mg 2+ , and propose a general mechanism of product <span class="hlt">release</span> during the nucleotidyl transfer by SNTs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3813285','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3813285"><span>Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Carboxymethylchitosan on <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rate In-vitro of Aspirin Sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> Matrix Tablets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Meng, Lingbin; Teng, Zhongqiu; Zheng, Nannan; Meng, Weiwei; Dai, Rongji; Deng, Yulin</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to develop a derivative of chitosan as pharmaceutical excipient used in sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> matrix tablets of poorly soluble drugs. A water-soluble quaternary ammonium carboxymethylchitosan was synthesized by a two-step reaction with carboxymethylchitosan (CMCTS), decylalkyl dimethyl ammonium and epichlorohydrin. The elemental analysis showed that the target product with 10.27% of the maximum grafting degree was obtained. To assess the preliminary safety of this biopolymer, cell toxicity assay was employed. In order to further investigate quaternary ammonium carboxymethylchitosan application as pharmaceutical excipient, aspirin was chosen as model drug. The effect of quaternary ammonium CMCTS on aspirin <span class="hlt">release</span> rate from sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> matrix tablets was examined by in-vitro dissolution experiments. The results showed that this biopolymer had a great potential in increasing the dissolution of poorly soluble drug. With the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of CMCTS-CEDA, the final cumulative <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of drug rose up to 90%. After 12 h, at the grade of 10, 20 and 50 cps, the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increased from 58.1 to 90.7%, from 64.1 to 93.9%, from 69.3 to 96.1%, respectively. At the same time, aspirin <span class="hlt">release</span> rate from sustainedrelease model was found to be related to the amount of quaternary ammonium CMCTS employed. With the increase of CMCTS-CEDA content, the accumulated <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increased from 69.1% to 86.7%. The mechanism of aspirin <span class="hlt">release</span> from sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> matrix tablets was also preliminary studied to be Fick diffusion. These data demonstrated that the chitosan derivative has positive effect on drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> matrix tablets. PMID:24250627</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1977904','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1977904"><span>Calcium <span class="hlt">released</span> by photolysis of DM-nitrophen stimulates transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> at squid giant synapse.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Delaney, K R; Zucker, R S</p> <p>1990-07-01</p> <p>1. Transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> at the squid giant synapse was stimulated by photolytic <span class="hlt">release</span> of Ca2+ from the 'caged' Ca2+ compound DM-nitrophen (Kaplan & Ellis-Davies, 1988) inserted into presynaptic terminals. 2. Competing binding reactions cause the amount of Ca2+ <span class="hlt">released</span> by DM-nitrophen photolysis to depend on the concentrations of DM-nitrophen, total Ca2+, Mg+, ATP and native cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffer. Measurements of presynaptic [Ca2+] changes by co-injection of the fluorescent indicator dye Fura-2 show that DM-nitrophen photolysis causes a transient rise in Ca2+ followed by decay within about 150 ms to an increased steady-state level. 3. Rapid photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded nitrophen within the presynaptic terminal was followed in less than a millisecond by depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. As with action potential-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), the light-evoked response was partially and reversibly blocked by 1-3 mM-kainic acid which desensitizes postsynaptic glutamate receptors. 4. <span class="hlt">Release</span> was similar in magnitude and rate to normal action potential-mediated EPSPs. 5. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of transmitter by photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded DM-nitrophen was not affected by removal of Ca2+ from the saline or <span class="hlt">addition</span> of tetrodotoxin. Photolysis of DM-nitrophen injected into presynaptic terminals without added Ca2+ did not stimulate <span class="hlt">release</span> of transmitter nor did it interfere with normal action potential-mediated <span class="hlt">release</span>. 6. Stimulation of presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-free saline during the light-evoked response did not elicit increased <span class="hlt">release</span> of transmitter if the ganglion was bathed in Ca2(+)-free saline, i.e. in the absence of Ca2+ influx. Increasing the intensity of the light or stimulating presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-containing saline increased the <span class="hlt">release</span> of transmitter. Therefore the failure of presynaptic voltage change to increase transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> resulting from <span class="hlt">release</span> of caged Ca2+ was not due to saturation or</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..SHK.Y6003S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..SHK.Y6003S"><span>Quasi-Isentropic Compression of Wrought and <span class="hlt">Additively</span> Manufactures 304L Stainless Steel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Specht, Paul; Brown, Justin; Wise, Jack; Furnish, Michael; Adams, David</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The thermodynamic and constitutive responses of both <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured (AM) and traditional wrought processed 304L stainless steel (SS) were investigated through quasi-isentropic compression to peak stresses near 1Mbar using Sandia National Laboratories' Z machine. The AM 304L SS samples were made with a laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) technique. Compared to traditional wrought processed 304L SS, the AM samples were highly textured with larger grain sizes (i.e.near 1mm) and residual stresses (> 100 MPa). Interferometric measurements of interface velocities enabled inference of the quasi-isentropes for each fabrication type of 304L SS. <span class="hlt">Release</span> from peak stress provided flow strength measurements of the wrought and AM 304L SS. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>'s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved For Unclassified Unlimited <span class="hlt">Release</span> SAND2017-2040A.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4868987','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4868987"><span>Enhancing Specific <span class="hlt">Energy</span> and Power in Asymmetric Supercapacitors - A Synergetic Strategy based on the Use of Redox <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Electrolytes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Singh, Arvinder; Chandra, Amreesh</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The strategy of using redox <span class="hlt">additive</span> electrolyte in combination with multiwall carbon nanotubes/metal oxide composites leads to a substantial improvements in the specific <span class="hlt">energy</span> and power of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). When the pure electrolyte is optimally modified with a redox <span class="hlt">additive</span> viz., KI, ~105% increase in the specific <span class="hlt">energy</span> is obtained with good cyclic stability over 3,000 charge-discharge cycles and ~14.7% capacitance fade. This increase is a direct consequence of the iodine/iodide redox pairs that strongly modifies the faradaic and non-faradaic type reactions occurring on the surface of the electrodes. Contrary to what is shown in few earlier reports, it is established that indiscriminate increase in the concentration of redox <span class="hlt">additives</span> will leads to performance loss. Suitable explanations are given based on theoretical laws. The specific <span class="hlt">energy</span> or power values being reported in the fabricated ASCs are comparable or higher than those reported in ASCs based on toxic acetonitrile or expensive ionic liquids. The paper shows that the use of redox <span class="hlt">additive</span> is economically favorable strategy for obtaining cost effective and environmentally friendly ASCs. PMID:27184260</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53G2363C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53G2363C"><span>GEWEX SRB Shortwave <span class="hlt">Release</span> 4</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cox, S. J.; Stackhouse, P. W., Jr.; Mikovitz, J. C.; Zhang, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The new <span class="hlt">Release</span> 4 uses the newly processed ISCCP HXS product as its primary input for cloud and radiance data. The ninefold increase in pixel number compared to the previous ISCCP DX allows finer gradations in cloud fraction in each grid box. It will also allow higher spatial resolutions (0.5 degree) in future <span class="hlt">releases</span>. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the input data improvements, several important algorithm improvements have been made since <span class="hlt">Release</span> 3. These include recalculated atmospheric transmissivities and reflectivities yielding a less transmissive atmosphere. The calculations also include variable aerosol composition, allowing for the use of a detailed aerosol history from the Max Planck Institut Aerosol Climatology (MAC). Ocean albedo and snow/ice albedo are also improved from <span class="hlt">Release</span> 3. Total solar irradiance is now variable, averaging 1361 Wm-2. Water vapor is taken from ISCCP's nnHIRS product. Results from GSW <span class="hlt">Release</span> 4 are presented and analyzed. Early comparison to surface measurements show improved agreement.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870033836&hterms=astronomia+espacio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dastronomia%2By%2Bespacio','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870033836&hterms=astronomia+espacio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dastronomia%2By%2Bespacio"><span>Spatial and temporal characteristics of flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> determined from X-ray and radio imaging observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hernandez, A. M.; Machado, M. E.; Vilmer, N.; Trottet, G.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Using the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (HXIS) from the Solar Maximum Mission Satellite, the morphological aspects and temporal evolution of three major flares which occurred on June 29, 1980 are studied. One of these events, observed at 10:40 UT, is analyzed in particular detail, including Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) data and metric wavelength data from the Nancay radioheliograph. The flares occurred during the interaction of two distinct magnetic structures. There is an early onset phase during which there is a weak level of particle acceleration, perhaps accompanied by strong heating within the magnetic interaction region. The impulsive phase of high power <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is associated with a major interaction between the two structures and accompanied by strong acceleration and heating.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JNR....17..149F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JNR....17..149F"><span>Influence of paints formulations on nanoparticles <span class="hlt">release</span> during their life cycle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fiorentino, Brice; Golanski, Luana; Guiot, Arnaud; Damlencourt, Jean-François; Boutry, Delphine</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Pristine nanoparticles (NPs) may present a hazard to humans and the environment, and hence it is important to know to what extent NPs can be freely <span class="hlt">released</span> from commercialized products in which they are added. The purpose of this study was to identify the parameters of the paint formulation containing SiO2 NPs of 19-nm diameter that could have an impact on the <span class="hlt">release</span> induced by aging and abrasion. In order to simulate outdoor aging during the life cycle of the product, painted panels were exposed to accelerated weathering experiments in accordance with the norm EN ISO 16474-3:2013. The surface modification of these paints was characterized by scanning electron microscope coupled with <span class="hlt">energy</span> dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). These analyses showed that the acrylic copolymer binder has undergone a more significant chemical degradation compared with the styrene-acrylic copolymer. To simulate a mechanical aging, abrasion tests were conducted using a Taber Abraser, simulating critical scenarios of the abrasion standard. The particle size distributions and particle concentrations of the abraded particles were measured using an electric low-pressure impactor. After accelerated aging and abrasion tests, we observed a link between the paint degradations occurring with the <span class="hlt">release</span> of pristine NPs and the embedded pristine NPs. Surface degradation of acrylic copolymer paints was more significant than that of the styrene-acrylic copolymer paints, and this induced a <span class="hlt">release</span> of NPs 2.7 times higher. Other parameters like TiO2 <span class="hlt">addition</span> as pigments induced a strong stability of paint against light and water, decreasing the total number of NPs <span class="hlt">released</span> from paints from 30,000 to 1200 particles/cm3. These results revealed that formulations can be tuned to decrease the number of free NPs <span class="hlt">released</span> and get a "safe-by-design" product.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3186917','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3186917"><span>Fabrication of nitric oxide-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> polyurethane glucose sensor membranes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Koh, Ahyeon; Riccio, Daniel A.; Sun, Bin; Carpenter, Alexis W.; Nichols, Scott P.; Schoenfisch, Mark H.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Despite clear evidence that polymeric nitric oxide (NO) <span class="hlt">release</span> coatings reduce the foreign body response (FBR) and may thus improve the analytical performance of in vivo continuous glucose monitoring devices when used as sensor membranes, the compatibility of the NO <span class="hlt">release</span> chemistry with that required for enzymatic glucose sensing remains unclear. Herein, we describe the fabrication and characterization of NO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> polyurethane sensor membranes using NO donor-modified silica vehicles embedded within the polymer. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to demonstrating tunable NO <span class="hlt">release</span> as a function of the NO donor silica scaffold and polymer compositions and concentrations, we describe the impact of the NO <span class="hlt">release</span> vehicle and its <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics on glucose sensor performance. PMID:21795038</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207272','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207272"><span>Controlling the <span class="hlt">Release</span> of Indomethacin from Glass Solutions Layered with a Rate Controlling Membrane Using Fluid-Bed Processing. Part 2: The Influence of Formulation Parameters on Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dereymaker, Aswin; Pelgrims, Jirka; Engelen, Frederik; Adriaensens, Peter; Van den Mooter, Guy</p> <p>2017-04-03</p> <p>This study aimed to investigate the pharmaceutical performance of an indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) glass solution applied using fluid bed processing as a layer on inert sucrose spheres and subsequently top-coated with a <span class="hlt">release</span> rate controlling membrane consisting of either ethyl cellulose or Eudragit RL. The implications of the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of a pore former (PVP) and the coating medium (ethanol or water) on the diffusion and <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior were also considered. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the role of a charge interaction between drug and controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> polymer on the <span class="hlt">release</span> was investigated. Diffusion experiments pointed to the influence of pore former concentration, rate controlling polymer type, and coating solvent on the permeability of the controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> membranes. This can be translated to drug <span class="hlt">release</span> tests, which show the potential of diffusion tests as a preliminary screening test and that diffusion is the main factor influencing <span class="hlt">release</span>. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> tests also showed the effect of coating layer thickness. A charge interaction between INDO and ERL was demonstrated, but this had no negative effect on drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. The higher diffusion and <span class="hlt">release</span> observed in ERL-based rate controlling membranes was explained by a higher hydrophilicity, compared to EC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..DFDE27002V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..DFDE27002V"><span>Tampering with the turbulent <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade with polymer <span class="hlt">additives</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Valente, Pedro; da Silva, Carlos; Pinho, Fernando</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>We show that the strong depletion of the viscous dissipation in homogeneous viscoelastic turbulence reported by previous authors does not necessarily imply a depletion of the turbulent <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade. However, for large polymer relaxation times there is an onset of a polymer-induced kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade which competes with the non-linear <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade leading to its depletion. Remarkably, the total <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade flux from both cascade mechanisms remains approximately the same fraction of the kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> over the turnover time as the non-linear <span class="hlt">energy</span> cascade flux in Newtonian turbulence. The authors acknowledge the funding from COMPETE, FEDER and FCT (Grant PTDC/EME-MFE/113589/2009).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/977375','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/977375"><span>Financial analysis of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water years 1997 through 2005.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Veselka, T. D.; Poch, L. A.; Palmer, C. S.</p> <p>2010-04-21</p> <p>Because of concerns about the impact that Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) operations were having on downstream ecosystems and endangered species, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) conducted an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on dam operations (DOE 1996). New operating rules and management goals for GCD that had been specified in the Record of Decision (ROD) (Reclamation 1996) were adopted in February 1997. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to issuing new operating criteria, the ROD mandated experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> for the purpose of conducting scientific studies. This paper examines the financial implications of the experimental flows that were conducted at the GCD from 1997 to 2005.more » An experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> may have either a positive or negative impact on the financial value of <span class="hlt">energy</span> production. This study estimates the financial costs of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, identifies the main factors that contribute to these costs, and compares the interdependencies among these factors. An integrated set of tools was used to compute the financial impacts of the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> by simulating the operation of the GCD under two scenarios, namely, (1) a baseline scenario that assumes operations comply with the ROD operating criteria and experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> that actually took place during the study period, and (2) a ''without experiments'' scenario that is identical to the baseline scenario of operations that comply with the GCD ROD, except it assumes that experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> did not occur. The Generation and Transmission Maximization (GTMax) model was the main simulation tool used to dispatch GCD and other hydropower plants that comprise the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects (SLCA/IP). Extensive data sets and historical information on SLCA/IP power plant characteristics, hydrologic conditions, and Western Area Power Administration's (Western's) power purchase prices were used for the simulation. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to estimating the financial impact of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, the GTMax</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1342156','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1342156"><span>Financial Analysis of Experimental <span class="hlt">Releases</span> Conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during Water Year 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Graziano, D. J.; Poch, L. A.; Veselka, T. D.</p> <p></p> <p>This report examines the financial implications of experimental flows conducted at the Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) in water year (WY) 2015. It is the seventh report in a series examining the financial implications of experimental flows conducted since the Record of Decision (ROD) was adopted in February 1997 (Reclamation 1996). A report <span class="hlt">released</span> in January 2011 examined WYs 1997 to 2005 (Veselka et al. 2011); a report <span class="hlt">released</span> in August 2011 examined WYs 2006 to 2010 (Poch et al. 2011); a report <span class="hlt">released</span> June 2012 examined WY 2011 (Poch et al. 2012); a report <span class="hlt">released</span> April 2013 examined WY 2012more » (Poch et al. 2013); a report <span class="hlt">released</span> June 2014 examined WY 2013 (Graziano et al. 2014); and a report <span class="hlt">released</span> September 2015 examined WY 2014 (Graziano et al. 2015). An experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> may have either a positive or negative impact on the financial value of <span class="hlt">energy</span> production. Only one experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> was conducted at GCD in WY 2015; specifically, a high flow experimental (HFE) <span class="hlt">release</span> conducted in November 2014. For this experimental <span class="hlt">release</span>, financial costs of approximately $2.1 million were incurred because the HFE required sustained water <span class="hlt">releases</span> that exceeded the powerplant’s maximum flow rate. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, during the month of the experiment, operators were not allowed to shape GCD power production to either follow firm power customer loads or to respond to market prices. This study identifies the main factors that contribute to HFE costs and examines the interdependencies among these factors. It applies an integrated set of tools to estimate financial impacts by simulating the GCD operations under two scenarios: (1) a baseline scenario that mimics both HFE operations during the experiment and during the rest of the year when it complies with the 1996 ROD operating criteria, and (2) a “without experiments” scenario that is identical to the baseline except it assumes that the HFE did not occur. The Generation and Transmission Maximization (GTMax) model</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1395882','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1395882"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus™</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Originally developed in 1999, an updated version 8.8.0 with bug fixes was <span class="hlt">released</span> on September 30th, 2017. <span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus™ is a whole building <span class="hlt">energy</span> simulation program that engineers, architects, and researchers use to model both <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption—for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and plug and process loads—and water use in buildings. <span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus is a console-based program that reads input and writes output to text files. It ships with a number of utilities including IDF-Editor for creating input files using a simple spreadsheet-like interface, EP-Launch for managing input and output files and performing batch simulations, and EP-Compare for graphically comparing the results ofmore » two or more simulations. Several comprehensive graphical interfaces for <span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus are also available. DOE does most of its work with <span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus using the OpenStudio® software development kit and suite of applications. DOE <span class="hlt">releases</span> major updates to <span class="hlt">Energy</span>Plus twice annually.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206266','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206266"><span>The effect of Nb <span class="hlt">addition</span> on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and metal-ion <span class="hlt">release</span> of ZrAlCuNi bulk metallic glasses in artificial body fluid.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qiu, C L; Liu, L; Sun, M; Zhang, S M</p> <p>2005-12-15</p> <p>Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) of Zr(65 - x)Nb(x)- Cu(17.5)Ni(10)Al(7.5) with Nb = 0, 2, and 5 at % were prepared by copper mold casting. Compression tests reveal that the two BMGs containing Nb exhibited superior strength and plasticity to the base alloy. The corrosion behavior of the alloys obtained was investigated in artificial body fluid by electrochemical measurements. It was found that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of Nb significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the Zr-based BMG, as indicated by a remarkable increase in corrosion potential and pitting potential. XPS analysis revealed that the passive film formed after anodic polarization was enriched in aluminum oxide and depleted in phosphate ions for the BMGs containing Nb, which accounts for the improvement of corrosion resistance. On the other hand, metal-ion <span class="hlt">release</span> of different BMGs were determined in PPb (ng/mL) level with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after being immersed in artificial body fluid at 37 degrees C for 20 days. It was found that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of Nb considerably reduced the ion <span class="hlt">release</span> of all kinds of metals of the base system. This is probably attributed to the promoting effect of Nb on a rapid formation of highly protective film.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7220960-department-energy-organization-act-report-together-additional-supplemental-minority-dissenting-views','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7220960-department-energy-organization-act-report-together-additional-supplemental-minority-dissenting-views"><span>Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Organization Act. Report together with <span class="hlt">additional</span>, supplemental, minority, and dissenting views</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Not Available</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>H.R. 6804 establishes a new Federal department in the executive branch, the Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>. To this new department will be transferred all the functions of the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Research and Development Administration, the Federal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Administration, and the Federal Power Commission as well as certain functions of the Department of the Interior, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Department of Defense (Navy), the Department of Commerce, and the Interstate Commerce Commission. The new Department will be headed by a cabinet-level Secretary of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> and most of the authority will reside in his office. There will be a Deputymore » Secretary and nine assistant secretaries who will carry out various duties related to the titles of their offices and such others as the Secretary may assign. The nine assistant secretaries will head the following sections entitled: Public, Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations; Conservation; Defense Programs; Environment; Fossil and Nuclear <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Technology; Policy, Evaluation and International Programs; Competition; Resource Applications; and Solar Geothermal Recycling and Other Technologies. The report includes detailed information and explanations of the bill together with four appendices: Organization chart; President's Message to Congress; Draft Executive Order; and Reports of departments and agencies. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, supplemental, minority, and dissenting views are included. (MCW)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021867','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021867"><span>Static and dynamic strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rates in toughened thermosetting composite laminates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cairns, Douglas S.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>In this work, the static and dynamic fracture properties of several thermosetting resin based composite laminates are presented. Two classes of materials are explored. These are homogeneous, thermosetting resins and toughened, multi-phase, thermosetting resin systems. Multi-phase resin materials have shown enhancement over homogenous materials with respect to damage resistance. The development of new dynamic tests are presented for composite laminates based on Width Tapered Double Cantilevered Beam (WTDCB) for Mode 1 fracture and the End Notched Flexure (ENF) specimen. The WTDCB sample was loaded via a low inertia, pneumatic cylinder to produce rapid cross-head displacements. A high rate, piezo-electric load cell and an accelerometer were mounted on the specimen. A digital oscilloscope was used for data acquisition. Typical static and dynamic load versus displacement plots are presented. The ENF specimen was impacted in three point bending with an instrumented impact tower. Fracture initiation and propagation <span class="hlt">energies</span> under static and dynamic conditions were determined analytically and experimentally. The test results for Mode 1 fracture are relatively insensitive to strain rate effects for the laminates tested in this study. The test results from Mode 2 fracture indicate that the toughened systems provide superior fracture initiation and higher resistance to propagation under dynamic conditions. While the static fracture properties of the homogeneous systems may be relatively high, the apparent Mode 2 dynamic critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate drops significantly. The results indicate that static Mode 2 fracture testing is inadequate for determining the fracture performance of composite structures subjected to conditions such as low velocity impact. A good correlation between the basic Mode 2 dynamic fracture properties and the performance is a combined material/structural Compression After Impact (CAI) test is found. These results underscore the importance of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..283a2002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..283a2002C"><span>Amphiphilic polymer based on fluoroalkyl and PEG side chains for fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cong, W. W.; Wang, K.; Yu, X. Y.; Zhang, H. Q.; Lv, Z.; Gui, T. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Under static conditions, fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating could not express good <span class="hlt">release</span> property to marine organisms. Amphiphilic polymer with mixture of fluorinated monomer and short side group of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was synthesized. And also we studied the ability of amphiphilic polymer to influence the surface properties and how it controlled the adhesion of marine organisms to coated surfaces. By incorporating fluorinated monomer and PEG side chain into the polymer, the effect of incorporating both polar and non-polar groups on fouling-<span class="hlt">release</span> coating could be studied. The dry surface was characterized by three-dimensional digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the morphology of the amphiphilic fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating showed just like flaky petal. The amphiphilic polymer in fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating tended to reconstruct in water, and the ability was examined by static contact angle, which was smaller than the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating. Also surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> was calculated by three solvents, and surface <span class="hlt">energy</span> of amphiphilic fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating was higher than that of the PDMS fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating. To understand more about its fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> property, seawater exposure method was adopted in gulf of Qingdao port. Fewer diatoms Navicula were found in biofilm after using amphiphilic fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> coating. In general, coating containing both PEG and fluorinated side chain possessed certain fouling <span class="hlt">release</span> property.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf"><span>10 CFR 810.14 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 810.14 Section 810.14 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ACTIVITIES § 810.14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> may at any time require a person engaging in any generally or specifically authorized...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf"><span>10 CFR 810.14 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 810.14 Section 810.14 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ACTIVITIES § 810.14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> may at any time require a person engaging in any generally or specifically authorized...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf"><span>10 CFR 810.14 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 810.14 Section 810.14 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ACTIVITIES § 810.14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> may at any time require a person engaging in any generally or specifically authorized...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol4-sec810-14.pdf"><span>10 CFR 810.14 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 810.14 Section 810.14 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN ATOMIC <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> ACTIVITIES § 810.14 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> may at any time require a person engaging in any generally or specifically authorized...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec725-13.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec725-13.pdf"><span>10 CFR 725.13 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 725.13 Section 725.13 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEPARTMENT OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> PERMITS FOR ACCESS TO RESTRICTED DATA Applications § 725.13 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The... and before the termination of the permit, require <span class="hlt">additional</span> information in order to enable the Chief...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914784','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914784"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> efficient bead milling of microalgae: Effect of bead size on disintegration and <span class="hlt">release</span> of proteins and carbohydrates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Postma, P R; Suarez-Garcia, E; Safi, C; Yonathan, K; Olivieri, G; Barbosa, M J; Wijffels, R H; Eppink, M H M</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The disintegration of three industry relevant algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Neochloris oleoabundans and Tetraselmis suecica) was studied in a lab scale bead mill at different bead sizes (0.3-1mm). Cell disintegration, proteins and carbohydrates <span class="hlt">released</span> into the water phase followed a first order kinetics. The process is selective towards proteins over carbohydrates during early stages of milling. In general, smaller beads led to higher kinetic rates, with a minimum specific <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption of ⩽0.47kWhkg DW -1 for 0.3mm beads. After analysis of the stress parameters (stress number and stress intensity), it appears that optimal disintegration and <span class="hlt">energy</span> usage for all strains occurs in the 0.3-0.4mm range. During the course of bead milling, the native structure of the marker protein Rubisco was retained, confirming the mildness of the disruption process. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThEng..64..591Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThEng..64..591Z"><span>Results of industrial tests of carbonate <span class="hlt">additive</span> to fuel oil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zvereva, E. R.; Dmitriev, A. V.; Shageev, M. F.; Akhmetvalieva, G. R.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Fuel oil plays an important role in the <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance of our country. The quality of fuel oil significantly affects the conditions of its transport, storage, and combustion; <span class="hlt">release</span> of contaminants to atmosphere; and the operation of main and auxiliary facilities of HPPs. According to the <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Strategy of Russia for the Period until 2030, the oil-refining ratio gradually increases; as a result, the fraction of straight-run fuel oil in heavy fuel oils consistently decreases, which leads to the worsening of performance characteristics of fuel oil. Consequently, the problem of the increase in the quality of residual fuel oil is quite topical. In this paper, it is suggested to treat fuel oil by <span class="hlt">additives</span> during its combustion, which would provide the improvement of ecological and economic indicators of oil-fired HPPs. Advantages of this method include simplicity of implementation, low <span class="hlt">energy</span> and capital expenses, and the possibility to use production waste as <span class="hlt">additives</span>. In the paper, the results are presented of industrial tests of the combustion of fuel oil with the <span class="hlt">additive</span> of dewatered carbonate sludge, which is formed during coagulation and lime treatment of environmental waters on HPPs. The design of a volume delivery device is developed for the steady <span class="hlt">additive</span> input to the boiler air duct. The values are given for the main parameters of the condition of a TGM-84B boiler plant. The mechanism of action of dewatered carbonate sludge on sulfur oxides, which are formed during fuel oil combustion, is considered. Results of industrial tests indicate the decrease in the mass fraction of discharged sulfur oxides by 36.5%. Evaluation of the prevented damage from sulfur oxide discharged into atmospheric air shows that the combustion of the fuel oil of 100 brand using carbonate sludge as an <span class="hlt">additive</span> (0.1 wt %) saves nearly 6 million rubles a year during environmental actions at the consumption of fuel oil of 138240 t/year.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726135"><span>Poly(dimethylsiloxane) coatings for controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span>--polymer modifications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schulze Nahrup, J; Gao, Z M; Mark, J E; Sakr, A</p> <p>2004-02-11</p> <p>Modifications of endhydroxylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) formulations were studied for their ability to be applied onto tablet cores in a spray-coating process and to control drug <span class="hlt">release</span> in zero-order fashion. Modifications of the crosslinker from the most commonly used tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) to the trifunctional 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (SIG) and a 1:1 mixture of the two were undertaken. <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of methylpolysiloxane-copolymers were studied. Lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) were the channeling agents applied. The effects on dispersion properties were characterized by particle size distribution and viscosity. Mechanical properties of resulting free films were studied to determine applicability in a pan-coating process. <span class="hlt">Release</span> of hydrochlorothiazide (marker drug) was studied from tablets coated in a lab-size conventional coating pan. All dispersions were found suitable for a spray-coating process. Preparation of free films showed that copolymer <span class="hlt">addition</span> was not possible due to great decline in mechanical properties. Tablets coated with formulations containing PEG were most suitable to control drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, at only 5% coating weight. Constant <span class="hlt">release</span> rates could be achieved for formulations with up to 25% PEG; higher amounts resulted in a non-linear <span class="hlt">release</span> pattern. Upon adding 50% PEG, a drug <span class="hlt">release</span> of 63% over 24 h could be achieved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3278692','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3278692"><span>Hypochlorous acid regulates neutrophil extracellular trap <span class="hlt">release</span> in humans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Palmer, L J; Cooper, P R; Ling, M R; Wright, H J; Huissoon, A; Chapple, I L C</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) comprise extracellular chromatin and granule protein complexes that immobilize and kill bacteria. NET <span class="hlt">release</span> represents a recently discovered, novel anti-microbial strategy regulated non-exclusively by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), particularly hydrogen peroxide. This study aimed to characterize the role of ROIs in the process of NET <span class="hlt">release</span> and to identify the dominant ROI trigger. We employed various enzymes, inhibitors and ROIs to record their effect fluorometrically on in vitro NET <span class="hlt">release</span> by human peripheral blood neutrophils. Treatment with exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) supported the established link between hydrogen peroxide and NET production. However, treatment with myeloperoxidase inhibitors and direct <span class="hlt">addition</span> of hypochlorous acid (HOCl; generated in situ from sodium hypochlorite) established that HOCl was a necessary and sufficient ROI for NET <span class="hlt">release</span>. This was confirmed by the ability of HOCl to stimulate NET <span class="hlt">release</span> in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patient neutrophils which, due to the lack of a functional NADPH oxidase, also lack the capacity for NET <span class="hlt">release</span> in response to classical stimuli. Moreover, the exogenous <span class="hlt">addition</span> of taurine, abundantly present within the neutrophil cytosol, abrogated NET production stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and HOCl, providing a novel mode of cytoprotection by taurine against oxidative stress by taurine. PMID:22236002</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3205187','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3205187"><span>Regulation of gonadotropin-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone neurons by glucose</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Roland, Alison V.; Moenter, Suzanne M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Reproduction is influenced by <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance, but the physiological pathways mediating their relationship have not been fully elucidated. As the central regulators of fertility, gonadotropin-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone (GnRH) neurons integrate numerous physiological signals, including metabolic cues. Circulating glucose levels regulate GnRH <span class="hlt">release</span> and may in part mediate the effects of negative <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance on fertility. Existing evidence suggests that neural pathways originating in the hindbrain, as well as in the hypothalamic feeding nuclei, transmit information concerning glucose availability to GnRH neurons. Here we review recent evidence suggesting that GnRH neurons may directly sense changes in glucose availability by a mechanism involving adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These findings expand our understanding of how metabolic signaling in the brain regulates reproduction. PMID:21855365</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046334','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046334"><span>Financial analysis of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water year 2011</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Poch, L. A.; Veselka, T. D.; Palmer, C. S.</p> <p>2012-07-16</p> <p>This report examines the financial implications of experimental flows conducted at the Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) in water year 2011. It is the third report in a series examining financial implications of experimental flows conducted since the Record of Decision (ROD) was adopted in February 1997 (Reclamation 1996). A report <span class="hlt">released</span> in January 2011 examined water years 1997 to 2005 (Veselka et al. 2011), and a report <span class="hlt">released</span> in August 2011 examined water years 2006 to 2010 (Poch et al. 2011). An experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> may have either a positive or negative impact on the financial value of <span class="hlt">energy</span> production. Thismore » study estimates the financial costs of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, identifies the main factors that contribute to these costs, and compares the interdependencies among these factors. An integrated set of tools was used to compute the financial impacts of the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> by simulating the operation of the GCD under two scenarios, namely, (1) a baseline scenario that assumes both that operations comply with the ROD operating criteria and the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> that actually took place during the study period, and (2) a 'without experiments' scenario that is identical to the baseline scenario of operations that comply with the GCD ROD, except it assumes that experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> did not occur. The Generation and Transmission Maximization (GTMax) model was the main simulation tool used to dispatch GCD and other hydropower plants that comprise the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects (SLCA/IP). Extensive data sets and historical information on SLCA/IP powerplant characteristics, hydrologic conditions, and Western Area Power Administration's (Western's) power purchase prices were used for the simulation. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to estimating the financial impact of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, the GTMax model was also used to gain insights into the interplay among ROD operating criteria, exceptions that were made to criteria to accommodate the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1404714-energy-emissions-saving-potential-additive-manufacturing-thecase-lightweight-aircraft-components','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1404714-energy-emissions-saving-potential-additive-manufacturing-thecase-lightweight-aircraft-components"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> and emissions saving potential of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing: the case of lightweight aircraft components</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Huang, Runze; Riddle, Matthew; Graziano, Diane</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing (AM) holds great potential for improving materials efficiency, reducing life-cycle impacts, and enabling greater engineering functionality compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), and AM has been increasingly adopted by aircraft component manufacturers for lightweight, cost-effective designs. This study estimates the net changes in life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> and greenhouse gas emissions associated with AM technologies for lightweight metallic aircraft components through the year 2050, to shed light on the environmental benefits of a shift from CM to AM processes in the U.S. aircraft industry. A systems modeling framework is presented, with integrates engineering criteria, life-cycle environmental data, aircraft fleet stockmore » and fuel use models under different AM adoption scenarios. Estimated fleet-wide life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> savings at most reach 70-173 million GJ/year in 2050, with cumulative savings of 1.2–2.8 billion GJ. Associated cumulative GHG emission reductions were estimated at 92.1–215.0 million metric tons. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, thousands of tons of aluminum, titanium and nickel alloys could be potentially saved per year in 2050. The results indicate a significant role of AM technologies in helping society meet its long-term <span class="hlt">energy</span> use and GHG emissions reduction goals, and highlight barriers and opportunities for AM adoption for the aircraft industry.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28153651','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28153651"><span>Accelerated in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> testing method for naltrexone loaded PLGA microspheres.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Andhariya, Janki V; Choi, Stephanie; Wang, Yan; Zou, Yuan; Burgess, Diane J; Shen, Jie</p> <p>2017-03-30</p> <p>The objective of the present study was to develop a discriminatory and reproducible accelerated <span class="hlt">release</span> testing method for naltrexone loaded parenteral polymeric microspheres. The commercially available naltrexone microsphere product (Vivitrol ® ) was used as the testing formulation in the in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> method development, and both sample-and-separate and USP apparatus 4 methods were investigated. Following an in vitro drug stability study, frequent media replacement and <span class="hlt">addition</span> of anti-oxidant in the <span class="hlt">release</span> medium were used to prevent degradation of naltrexone during <span class="hlt">release</span> testing at "real-time" (37°C) and "accelerated" (45°C), respectively. The USP apparatus 4 method was more reproducible than the sample-and-separate method. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the accelerated <span class="hlt">release</span> profile obtained using USP apparatus 4 had a shortened <span class="hlt">release</span> duration (within seven days), and good correlation with the "real-time" <span class="hlt">release</span> profile. Lastly, the discriminatory ability of the developed accelerated <span class="hlt">release</span> method was assessed using compositionally equivalent naltrexone microspheres with different <span class="hlt">release</span> characteristics. The developed accelerated USP apparatus 4 <span class="hlt">release</span> method was able to detect differences in the <span class="hlt">release</span> characteristics of the prepared naltrexone microspheres. Moreover, a linear correlation was observed between the "real-time" and accelerated <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles of all the formulations investigated, suggesting that the <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism(s) may be similar under both conditions. These results indicate that the developed accelerated USP apparatus 4 method has the potential to be an appropriate fast quality control tool for long-acting naltrexone PLGA microspheres. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........44V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........44V"><span>The Effect of Ethanol <span class="hlt">Addition</span> to Gasoline on Low- and Intermediate-Temperature Heat <span class="hlt">Release</span> under Boosted Conditions in Kinetically Controlled Engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vuilleumier, David Malcolm</p> <p></p> <p>The detailed study of chemical kinetics in engines has become required to further advance engine efficiency while simultaneously lowering engine emissions. This push for higher efficiency engines is not caused by a lack of oil, but by efforts to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, that cause global warming. To operate in more efficient manners while reducing traditional pollutant emissions, modern internal combustion piston engines are forced to operate in regimes in which combustion is no longer fully transport limited, and instead is at least partially governed by chemical kinetics of combusting mixtures. Kinetically-controlled combustion allows the operation of piston engines at high compression ratios, with partially-premixed dilute charges; these operating conditions simultaneously provide high thermodynamic efficiency and low pollutant formation. The investigations presented in this dissertation study the effect of ethanol <span class="hlt">addition</span> on the low-temperature chemistry of gasoline type fuels in engines. These investigations are carried out both in a simplified, fundamental engine experiment, named Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, as well as in more applied engine systems, named Gasoline Compression Ignition engines and Partial Fuel Stratification engines. These experimental investigations, and the accompanying modeling work, show that ethanol is an effective scavenger of radicals at low temperatures, and this inhibits the low temperature pathways of gasoline oxidation. Further, the investigations measure the sensitivity of gasoline auto-ignition to system pressure at conditions that are relevant to modern engines. It is shown that at pressures above 40 bar and temperatures below 850 Kelvin, gasoline begins to exhibit Low-Temperature Heat <span class="hlt">Release</span>. However, the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 20% ethanol raises the pressure requirement to 60 bar, while the temperature requirement remains unchanged. These findings have major implications for a range of modern engines</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/808226','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/808226"><span>Environmental <span class="hlt">Releases</span> for Calendar Year 2001</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>DYEKMAN, D L</p> <p>2002-08-01</p> <p>This report fulfills the annual reporting requirements of US Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> (DOE) Order 5400.1, General Environmental Protection Program. The report contains tabular data summaries on air emissions and liquid effluents <span class="hlt">released</span> to the environment as well as nonroutine <span class="hlt">releases</span> during calendar year (CY) 2001. These <span class="hlt">releases</span>, bearing radioactive and hazardous substances, were from Bechtel Hanford, Inc. (BHI), CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. (CHG), and Fluor Hanford (FH) managed facilities and activities. These data were obtained from direct sampling and analysis and from estimates based upon approved <span class="hlt">release</span> factors. This report further serves as a supplemental resource to the Hanfordmore » Site Environmental Report (HSER PNNL-13910), published by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. HSER includes a yearly accounting of the impacts on the surrounding populace and environment from major activities at the Hanford Site. HSER also summarizes the regulatory compliance status of the Hanford Site. Tables ES-1 through ES-5 display comprehensive data summaries of CY2001 air emission and liquid effluent <span class="hlt">releases</span>. The data displayed in these tables compiles the following: Radionuclide air emissions; Nonradioactive air emissions; Radionuclides in liquid effluents discharged to ground; Total volumes and flow rates of radioactive liquid effluents discharged to ground; and Radionuclides discharged to the Columbia River.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1005154','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1005154"><span>Revised financial analysis of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water years 1997 through 2005.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Veselka, T. D.; Poch, L. A.; Palmer, C. S.</p> <p>2011-01-11</p> <p>Because of concerns about the impact that Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) operations were having on downstream ecosystems and endangered species, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) conducted an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on dam operations (DOE 1996). New operating rules and management goals for GCD that had been specified in the Record of Decision (ROD) (Reclamation 1996) were adopted in February 1997. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to issuing new operating criteria, the ROD mandated experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> for the purpose of conducting scientific studies. This paper examines the financial implications of the experimental flows that were conducted at the GCD from 1997 to 2005.more » An experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> may have either a positive or negative impact on the financial value of <span class="hlt">energy</span> production. This study estimates the financial costs of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, identifies the main factors that contribute to these costs, and compares the interdependencies among these factors. An integrated set of tools was used to compute the financial impacts of the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> by simulating the operation of the GCD under two scenarios, namely, (1) a baseline scenario that assumes operations comply with the ROD operating criteria and experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> that actually took place during the study period, and (2) a 'without experiments' scenario that is identical to the baseline scenario of operations that comply with the GCD ROD, except it assumes that experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> did not occur. The Generation and Transmission Maximization (GTMax) model was the main simulation tool used to dispatch GCD and other hydropower plants that comprise the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects (SLCA/IP). Extensive data sets and historical information on SLCA/IP power plant characteristics, hydrologic conditions, and Western Area Power Administration's (Western's) power purchase prices were used for the simulation. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to estimating the financial impact of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, the GTMax</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4712311','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4712311"><span>A Phenomenological Synapse Model for Asynchronous Neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Tao; Yin, Luping; Zou, Xiaolong; Shu, Yousheng; Rasch, Malte J.; Wu, Si</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Neurons communicate with each other via synapses. Action potentials cause <span class="hlt">release</span> of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal. Typically, this neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> is tightly time-locked to the arrival of an action potential and is thus called synchronous <span class="hlt">release</span>. However, neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> is stochastic and the rate of <span class="hlt">release</span> of small quanta of neurotransmitters can be considerably elevated even long after the ceasing of spiking activity, leading to asynchronous <span class="hlt">release</span> of neurotransmitters. Such asynchronous <span class="hlt">release</span> varies for tissue and neuron types and has been shown recently to be pronounced in fast-spiking neurons. Notably, it was found that asynchronous <span class="hlt">release</span> is enhanced in human epileptic tissue implicating a possibly important role in generating abnormal neural activity. Current neural network models for simulating and studying neural activity virtually only consider synchronous <span class="hlt">release</span> and ignore asynchronous transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span>. Here, we develop a phenomenological model for asynchronous neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span>, which, on one hand, captures the fundamental features of the asynchronous <span class="hlt">release</span> process, and, on the other hand, is simple enough to be incorporated in large-size network simulations. Our proposed model is based on the well-known equations for short-term dynamical synaptic interactions and includes an <span class="hlt">additional</span> stochastic term for modeling asynchronous <span class="hlt">release</span>. We use experimental data obtained from inhibitory fast-spiking synapses of human epileptic tissue to fit the model parameters, and demonstrate that our model reproduces the characteristics of realistic asynchronous transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span>. PMID:26834617</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=drama+AND+therapy&pg=3&id=ED381701','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=drama+AND+therapy&pg=3&id=ED381701"><span>Emotional <span class="hlt">Release</span> for Children: Repairing the Past--Preparing the Future.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pearson, Mark; Nolan, Patricia</p> <p></p> <p>Emotional <span class="hlt">Release</span> Counselling (ERC) is based on the simple premise that to feel emotions and <span class="hlt">energy</span> and to let them be expressed keeps us mentally healthy. ERC works to help a child be deeply connected to the sensation within the body, to develop self-awareness. The book explains the concept of emotional <span class="hlt">release</span> counseling and provides specific…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880041571&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880041571&hterms=Magnetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DMagnetic%2Benergy"><span>The observed characteristics of flare <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span>. I - Magnetic structure at the <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> site</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Machado, Marcos E.; Moore, Ronald L.; Hagyard, Mona J.; Hernandez, Ana M.; Rovira, Marta G.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>It is shown that flaring activity as seen in X-rays usually encompasses two or more interacting magnetic bipoles within an active region. Soft and hard X-ray spatiotemporal evolution is considered as well as the time dependence of the thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> content in different magnetic bipoles participating in the flare, the hardness and impulsivity of the hard X-ray emission, and the relationship between the X-ray behavior and the strength and 'observable shear' of the magnetic field. It is found that the basic structure of a flare usually consists of an initiating closed bipole plus one or more adjacent closed bipoles impacted against it.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Nanot..20r5103B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Nanot..20r5103B"><span>A multifunctional magnetic nanocarrier bearing fluorescent dye for targeted drug delivery by enhanced two-photon triggered <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banerjee, Shashwat S.; Chen, Dong-Hwang</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>We report a novel nanoformulation for targeted drug delivery which utilizes nanophotonics through the fusion of nanotechnology with biomedical application. The approach involves an <span class="hlt">energy</span>-transferring magnetic nanoscopic co-assembly fabricated of rhodamine B (RDB) fluorescent dye grafted gum arabic modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle and photosensitive linker by which dexamethasone drug is conjugated to the magnetic nano-assembly. The advantage offered by this nanoformulation is the indirect photo-triggered-on-demand drug <span class="hlt">release</span> by efficient up-converting <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the near-IR (NIR) light to higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> and intraparticle <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer from the dye grafted magnetic nanoparticle to the linker for drug <span class="hlt">release</span> by cleavage. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be of ultra-small size (13.33 nm) and are monodispersed in an aqueous suspension. Dexamethasone (Dexa) drug conjugated to RDB-GAMNP by photosensitive linker showed appreciable <span class="hlt">release</span> of Dexa by photo-triggered response on exposure to radiation having a wavelength in the NIR region whereas no detectable <span class="hlt">release</span> was observed in the dark. Photo-triggered response for the nanoformulation not bearing the rhodamine B dye was drastically less as less Dexa was <span class="hlt">released</span> on exposure to NIR radiation which suggest that the photo-cleavage of linker and <span class="hlt">release</span> of Dexa mainly originated from the indirect excitation through the uphill <span class="hlt">energy</span> conversions based on donor-acceptor model FRET. The promising pathway of nanophotonics for the on-demand <span class="hlt">release</span> of the drug makes this nanocarrier very promising for applications in nanomedicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoPhC.221..343R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoPhC.221..343R"><span>ms 2: A molecular simulation tool for thermodynamic properties, <span class="hlt">release</span> 3.0</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rutkai, Gábor; Köster, Andreas; Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela; Janzen, Tatjana; Schappals, Michael; Glass, Colin W.; Bernreuther, Martin; Wafai, Amer; Stephan, Simon; Kohns, Maximilian; Reiser, Steffen; Deublein, Stephan; Horsch, Martin; Hasse, Hans; Vrabec, Jadran</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A new version <span class="hlt">release</span> (3.0) of the molecular simulation tool ms 2 (Deublein et al., 2011; Glass et al. 2014) is presented. Version 3.0 of ms 2 features two <span class="hlt">additional</span> ensembles, i.e. microcanonical (NVE) and isobaric-isoenthalpic (NpH), various Helmholtz <span class="hlt">energy</span> derivatives in the NVE ensemble, thermodynamic integration as a method for calculating the chemical potential, the osmotic pressure for calculating the activity of solvents, the six Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients of quaternary mixtures, statistics for sampling hydrogen bonds, smooth-particle mesh Ewald summation as well as the ability to carry out molecular dynamics runs for an arbitrary number of state points in a single program execution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1023155','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1023155"><span>Financial analysis of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water years 2006 through 2010.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Poch, L. A.; Veselka, T. D.; Palmer, C. S.</p> <p>2011-08-22</p> <p>Because of concerns about the impact that Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) operations were having on downstream ecosystems and endangered species, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) conducted an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on dam operations (DOE 1996). New operating rules and management goals for GCD that had been specified in the Record of Decision (ROD) (Reclamation 1996) were adopted in February 1997. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to issuing new operating criteria, the ROD mandated experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> for the purpose of conducting scientific studies. A report <span class="hlt">released</span> in January 2011 examined the financial implications of the experimental flows that were conducted at the GCDmore » from 1997 to 2005. This report continues the analysis and examines the financial implications of the experimental flows conducted at the GCD from 2006 to 2010. An experimental <span class="hlt">release</span> may have either a positive or negative impact on the financial value of <span class="hlt">energy</span> production. This study estimates the financial costs of experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span>, identifies the main factors that contribute to these costs, and compares the interdependencies among these factors. An integrated set of tools was used to compute the financial impacts of the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> by simulating the operation of the GCD under two scenarios, namely, (1) a baseline scenario that assumes both that operations comply with the ROD operating criteria and the experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> that actually took place during the study period, and (2) a 'without experiments' scenario that is identical to the baseline scenario of operations that comply with the GCD ROD, except it assumes that experimental <span class="hlt">releases</span> did not occur. The Generation and Transmission Maximization (GTMax) model was the main simulation tool used to dispatch GCD and other hydropower plants that comprise the Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects (SLCA/IP). Extensive data sets and historical information on SLCA/IP powerplant characteristics, hydrologic conditions, and Western</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......155K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......155K"><span>Controlling protein <span class="hlt">release</span> using biodegradable microparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kline, Benjamin Patrick</p> <p></p> <p>Research in the field of protein therapeutics has exploded over the past decade and continues to grow in both academia and in industry. Protein drugs have advantages of being highly specific and highly active making them coveted targets for high profile disease states like cancer and multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, their many advantages are complemented by their obstacles. Because proteins are highly active and highly specific, the window between efficacy and toxicity is very narrow and drug development can be long and arduous. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, protein activity is dependent on its specific folding conformation that is easily disrupted by a variety of development processes. This research aimed to identify microparticle formulations to control protein <span class="hlt">release</span> and also to determine which formulation parameters affected burst <span class="hlt">release</span>, encapsulation, and steady-state <span class="hlt">release</span> the most. It was found that polymer type and composition were two of the most important factors. Long-term controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was achieved as well as a wide variety of <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles. A method was identified for micronizing protein at low cost to retain activity and coacervation was evaluated as a method for preparing protein loaded microspheres. This research provides a basis from which researchers can create better controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> formulations for future protein therapeutics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011915','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011915"><span>Strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate as a function of temperature and preloading history utilizing the edge delamination fatique test method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zimmerman, Richard S.; Adams, Donald F.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Static laminate and tension-tension fatigue tests of IM7/8551-7 composite materials was performed. The Edge Delamination Test (EDT) was utilized to evaluate the temperature and preloading history effect on the critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Static and fatigue testing was performed at room temperature and 180 F (82 C). Three preloading schemes were used to precondition fatigue test specimens prior to performing the normal tension-tension fatigue EDT testing. Computer software was written to perform all fatigue testing while monitoring the dynamic modulus to detect the onset of delamination and record the test information for later retrieval and reduction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327951','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327951"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> by the Numbers: An <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Revolution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p></p> <p>The U.S. Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> (DOE) today <span class="hlt">released</span> a new report that highlights the accelerated deployment of five clean <span class="hlt">energy</span> technologies: wind turbines, solar technologies for both utility-scale and distributed photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The report, Revolution…Now, was announced by <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Secretary Ernest Moniz during a discussion at The Atlantic’s Washington Ideas Forum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3350736','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3350736"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ma, Huan; Mismar, Wael; Wang, Yuli; Small, Donald W.; Ras, Mat; Allbritton, Nancy L.; Sims, Christopher E.; Venugopalan, Vasan</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam <span class="hlt">release</span> of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> and focal volume position relative to the glass–pallet interface in governing the threshold <span class="hlt">energies</span> for pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> as well as the pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics. Measurements using time-resolved interferometry show that increases in laser pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> result in increasing pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> velocities that can approach 10 m s−1 through aqueous media. CFD simulations reveal that the pallet motion results in cellular exposure to transient hydrodynamic shear stress amplitudes that can exceed 100 kPa on microsecond timescales, and which produces reduced cell viability. Moreover, CFD simulation results show that the maximum shear stress on the pallet surface varies spatially, with the largest shear stresses occurring on the pallet periphery. Cell viability of confluent cell monolayers on the pallet surface confirms that the use of larger pulse <span class="hlt">energies</span> results in increased rates of necrosis for those cells situated away from the pallet centre, while cells situated at the pallet centre remain viable. Nevertheless, experiments that examine the viability of these cell monolayers following pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> show that proper choices for laser microbeam pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> and focal volume position lead to the routine achievement of cell viability in excess of 90 per cent. These laser microbeam parameters result in maximum pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> velocities below 6 m s−1 and cellular exposure of transient hydrodynamic shear stresses below 20 kPa. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic understanding that relates pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics and associated transient shear stresses with subsequent cellular viability. This provides a quantitative, mechanistic basis for determining</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158840','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158840"><span>Impact of <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ma, Huan; Mismar, Wael; Wang, Yuli; Small, Donald W; Ras, Mat; Allbritton, Nancy L; Sims, Christopher E; Venugopalan, Vasan</p> <p>2012-06-07</p> <p>We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam <span class="hlt">release</span> of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> and focal volume position relative to the glass-pallet interface in governing the threshold <span class="hlt">energies</span> for pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> as well as the pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics. Measurements using time-resolved interferometry show that increases in laser pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> result in increasing pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> velocities that can approach 10 m s(-1) through aqueous media. CFD simulations reveal that the pallet motion results in cellular exposure to transient hydrodynamic shear stress amplitudes that can exceed 100 kPa on microsecond timescales, and which produces reduced cell viability. Moreover, CFD simulation results show that the maximum shear stress on the pallet surface varies spatially, with the largest shear stresses occurring on the pallet periphery. Cell viability of confluent cell monolayers on the pallet surface confirms that the use of larger pulse <span class="hlt">energies</span> results in increased rates of necrosis for those cells situated away from the pallet centre, while cells situated at the pallet centre remain viable. Nevertheless, experiments that examine the viability of these cell monolayers following pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> show that proper choices for laser microbeam pulse <span class="hlt">energy</span> and focal volume position lead to the routine achievement of cell viability in excess of 90 per cent. These laser microbeam parameters result in maximum pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> velocities below 6 m s(-1) and cellular exposure of transient hydrodynamic shear stresses below 20 kPa. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic understanding that relates pallet <span class="hlt">release</span> dynamics and associated transient shear stresses with subsequent cellular viability. This provides a quantitative, mechanistic basis for determining optimal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...745583C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...745583C"><span>Corrugated Textile based Triboelectric Generator for Wearable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Harvesting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Choi, A. Young; Lee, Chang Jun; Park, Jiwon; Kim, Dogyun; Kim, Youn Tae</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span> harvesting has been applied to various fields, from large-scale power generation to small electronics. Triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span> is generated when certain materials come into frictional contact, e.g., static electricity from rubbing a shoe on a carpet. In particular, textile-based triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span>-harvesting technologies are one of the most promising approaches because they are not only flexible, light, and comfortable but also wearable. Most previous textile-based triboelectric generators (TEGs) generate <span class="hlt">energy</span> by vertically pressing and rubbing something. However, we propose a corrugated textile-based triboelectric generator (CT-TEG) that can generate <span class="hlt">energy</span> by stretching. Moreover, the CT-TEG is sewn into a corrugated structure that contains an effective air gap without <span class="hlt">additional</span> spacers. The resulting CT-TEG can generate considerable <span class="hlt">energy</span> from various deformations, not only by pressing and rubbing but also by stretching. The maximum output performances of the CT-TEG can reach up to 28.13 V and 2.71 μA with stretching and <span class="hlt">releasing</span> motions. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, we demonstrate the generation of sufficient <span class="hlt">energy</span> from various activities of a human body to power about 54 LEDs. These results demonstrate the potential application of CT-TEGs for self-powered systems.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780002743','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19780002743"><span>Mechanical <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage device for hip disarticulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Vallotton, W. C. (Inventor)</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>An artificial leg including a trunk socket, a thigh section hingedly coupled to the trunk socket, a leg section hingedly coupled to the thigh section and a foot section hingedly coupled to the leg section is outlined. A mechanical <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage device is operatively associated with the artificial leg for storage and <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> during the normal walking stride of the user. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> is stored in the mechanical <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage device during a weight-bearing phase of the walking stride when the user's weight is on the artificial leg. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> is <span class="hlt">released</span> during a phase of the normal walking stride, when the user's weight is removed from the artificial leg. The stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> is <span class="hlt">released</span> from the <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage device to pivot the thigh section forwardly about the hinged coupling to the trunk socket.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360270','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360270"><span>In Situ Probing Intracellular Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Redox-Responsive Micelles by United FRET and AIE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Xuelin; Li, Juanjuan; Yan, Qi; Chen, Yanrui; Fan, Aiping; Wang, Zheng; Zhao, Yanjun</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Redox-responsive micelles are versatile nanoplatforms for on-demand drug delivery, but the in situ evaluation of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> is challenging. Fluorescence resonance <span class="hlt">energy</span> transfer (FRET) technique shows potential for addressing this, while the aggregation-caused quenching effect limits the assay sensitivity. The aim of the current work is to combine aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe with FRET to realize drug <span class="hlt">release</span> assessment from micelles. Tetraphenylethene (TPE) is selected as AIE dye and curcumin (Cur) is chosen as the model drug as well as FRET receptor. The drug is covalently linked to a block copolymer via the disulfide bond linker and TPE is also chemically linked to the polymer via an amide bond; the obtained amphiphilic polymer conjugate self-assembles into micelles with a hydrodynamic size of ≈125 nm. Upon the supplement of glutathione or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) trigger (10 × 10 -3 m), the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> induces the fluorescence increase of both TPE and Cur. Accompanied with the FRET decay, absorption enhancement and particle size increase are observed. The same phenomenon is observed in MCF-7 cells. The FRET-AIE approach can be a useful <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the spectrum of available methods for monitoring drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from stimuli-responsive nanomedicine. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554373','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554373"><span>Preparation and <span class="hlt">release</span> characteristics of polymer-coated and blended alginate microspheres.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, D W; Hwang, S J; Park, J B; Park, H J</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>To prevent a rapid drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from alginate microspheres in simulated intestinal media, alginate microspheres were coated or blended with polymers. Three polymers were selected and evaluated such as HPMC, Eudragit RS 30D and chitosan, as both coating materials and <span class="hlt">additive</span> polymers for controlling the drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. This study focused on the <span class="hlt">release</span> characteristics of polymer-coated and blended alginate microspheres, varying the type of polymer and its concentration. The alginate microspheres were prepared by dropping the mixture of drug and sodium alginate into CaCl(2) solution using a spray-gun. Polymer-coated microspheres were prepared by adding alginate microspheres into polymer solution with mild stirring. Polymer-blended microspheres were prepared by dropping the mixture of drug, sodium alginate and <span class="hlt">additive</span> polymer with plasticizer into CaCl(2) solution. In vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> test was carried out to investigate the <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles in 500 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). As the amount of polymer in sodium alginate or coating solution increase, the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> generally decreased. HPMC-blended microspheres swelled but withstood the disintegration, showing an ideal linear <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles. Chitosan-coated microspheres showed smooth and round surface and extended the <span class="hlt">release</span> of drug. In comparison with chitosan-coated microspheres, HPMC-blended alginate microspheres can be easily made and used for controlled drug delivery systems due to convenient process and controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960404','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960404"><span>Acute response of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin <span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone neurons and thyrotropin <span class="hlt">release</span> to behavioral paradigms producing varying intensities of stress and physical activity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gutiérrez-Mariscal, Mariana; Sánchez, Edith; García-Vázquez, Arlene; Rebolledo-Solleiro, Daniela; Charli, Jean-Louis; Joseph-Bravo, Patricia</p> <p>2012-11-10</p> <p>The activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is essential for <span class="hlt">energy</span> homeostasis and is differentially modulated by physical and by psychological stress. Contradictory effects of stressful behavioral paradigms on TSH or thyroid hormone <span class="hlt">release</span> are due to type, length and controllability of the stressor. We hypothesized that an <span class="hlt">additional</span> determinant of the activity of the HPT axis is the <span class="hlt">energy</span> demand due to physical activity. We thus evaluated the response of thyrotropin <span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone (TRH) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in Wistar male rats submitted to the elevated plus maze (EPM), the open field test (OFT), or restraint, and sacrificed within 1h after test completion; the response to OFT was compared during light (L) or dark (D) phases. Locomotion and anxiety behaviors were similar if animals were tested in L or D phases but their relation to the biochemical parameters differed. All paradigms increased serum corticosterone concentration; the levels of corticotropin <span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone receptor 1 and of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNAs in the PVN were enhanced after restraint or OFT-L. Levels of proTRH mRNA increased in the PVN after exposure to EPM-L or OFT-D; serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and T(4) only after OFT-D. In contrast, restraint decreased TRH mRNA and serum TSH levels, while it increased TRH content in the mediobasal hypothalamus, implying reduced <span class="hlt">release</span>. Expression of proTRH in the PVN varied proportionally to the degree of locomotion in OFT-D, while inversely to anxiety in the EPM-L, and to corticosterone in EPM-L and OFT-D. TRH mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the rostral, middle and caudal zones of the PVN in response to OFT-D; they increased in the middle PVN, where most TRH hypophysiotropic neurons reside; levels correlated positively with the velocity attained in the periphery of the OF and negatively, with anxiety. Variations of serum TSH levels correlated positively with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2014/15409.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2014/15409.html"><span>NREL and Army Validate <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Savings for Net Zero <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Installations |</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>News | NREL</A> and Army Validate <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Savings for Net Zero <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Installations News <span class="hlt">Release</span> : NREL and Army Validate <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Savings for Net Zero <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Installations October 27, 2014 The U.S. Army (Army) has partnered with the <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Department's National Renewable <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Laboratory (NREL) to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/esif/news.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/esif/news.html"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> Systems Integration Facility News | <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Systems Integration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>, 2018 News <span class="hlt">Release</span>: NREL Taps Young to Oversee <em>Geothermal</em> <em><span class="hlt">Energy</span></em> Program In her new role, Young will work closely with NREL management to establish the lab's <em>geothermal</em> <em><span class="hlt">energy</span></em> portfolio, including research and development geared toward advancing the use of <em>geothermal</em> <em><span class="hlt">energy</span></em> as a renewable power source</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5908498-community-united-methodist-church-passive-solar-classroom-addition-comparison-predicted-actual-energy-use','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5908498-community-united-methodist-church-passive-solar-classroom-addition-comparison-predicted-actual-energy-use"><span>Community United Methodist Church passive solar classroom <span class="hlt">addition</span>: comparison of predicted and actual <span class="hlt">energy</span> use</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Miller, W.H.; Peckham, N.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The Community United Methodist Church of Columbia, Missouri, has recently built a passive solar <span class="hlt">addition</span>. This building was partially funded by the Department of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Passive Solar Commercial Building Demonstration Program (1) and by a grant from the Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church. As part of the design phase, the PASOLE computer code was used to model the thermal characteristics of the building. The building was subsequently completed in September 1981, and one and one-half years of end use <span class="hlt">energy</span> data has been collected as of March 1983. This paper presents (1) a description of themore » new building and the computer model used to analyze it, (2) a comparison of predicted and actual <span class="hlt">energy</span> use, (3) a comparison between the new, solar building and conventional portions of the church complex and (4) summarizes other operational experiences.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216730','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216730"><span>Immobilization of antimony in waste-to-<span class="hlt">energy</span> bottom ash by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of calcium and iron containing <span class="hlt">additives</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Van Caneghem, Jo; Verbinnen, Bram; Cornelis, Geert; de Wijs, Joost; Mulder, Rob; Billen, Pieter; Vandecasteele, Carlo</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The leaching of Sb from waste-to-<span class="hlt">energy</span> (WtE) bottom ash (BA) often exceeds the Dutch limit value of 0.32mgkg(-1) for recycling of BA in open construction applications. From the immobilization mechanisms described in the literature, it could be concluded that both Ca and Fe play an important role in the immobilization of Sb in WtE BA. Therefore, Ca and Fe containing compounds were added to the samples of the sand fraction of WtE BA, which in contrast to the granulate fraction is not recyclable to date, and the effect on the Sb leaching was studied by means of batch leaching tests. Results showed that <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 0.5 and 2.5% CaO, 5% CaCl2, 2.5% Fe2(SO4)3 and 1% FeCl3 decreased the Sb leaching from 0.62±0.02mgkgDM(-1) to 0.20±0.02, 0.083±0.044, 0.25±0.01, 0.27±0.002 and 0.29±0.02mgkgDM(-1), respectively. Due to the increase in pH from 11.41 to 12.53 when 2.5% CaO was added, Pb and Zn leaching increased and exceeded the respective leaching limits. <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of 5% CaCO3 had almost no effect on the Sb leaching, as evidenced by the resulting 0.53mgkgDM(-1) leaching concentration. This paper shows a complementary enhancement of the effect of Ca and Fe, by comparing the aforementioned Sb leaching results with those of WtE BA with combined <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 2.5% CaO or 5% CaCl2 with 2.5% Fe2(SO4)3 or 1% FeCl3. These lab scale results suggest that formation of romeites with a high Ca content and formation of iron antimonate (tripuhyite) with a very low solubility are the main immobilization mechanisms of Sb in WtE BA. Besides the pure compounds and their mixtures, also <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 10% of two Ca and Fe containing residues of the steel industry, hereafter referred to as R1 and R2, was effective in decreasing the Sb leaching from WtE BA below the Dutch limit value for reuse in open construction applications. To evaluate the long term effect of the <span class="hlt">additives</span>, pilot plots of WtE BA with 10% of R1 and 5% and 10% of R2 were built and samples were submitted to leaching tests at</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol7/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol7-sec216-27.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title50-vol7/pdf/CFR-2010-title50-vol7-sec216-27.pdf"><span>50 CFR 216.27 - <span class="hlt">Release</span>, non-<span class="hlt">releasability</span>, and disposition under special exception permits for rehabilitated...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... NMFS Regional Director at least 15 days in advance of <span class="hlt">releasing</span> any beached or stranded marine mammal, unless advance notice is waived in writing by the Regional Director; or (B) The Office Director at least...) The Regional Director, or the Office Director as appropriate, may: (i) Require <span class="hlt">additional</span> information...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582760','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582760"><span>Serotonergic regulation of distention-induced ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> from the urothelium.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Matsumoto-Miyai, Kazumasa; Yamada, Erika; Shinzawa, Eriko; Koyama, Yoshihisa; Shimada, Shoichi; Yoshizumi, Masaru; Kawatani, Masahito</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is involved in both motor and sensory functions in hollow organs, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the involvement of 5-HT in visceral sensation of the urinary bladder remains unknown. Because distention-induced ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> from the urothelium plays an essential role in visceral sensation of the urinary bladder, we investigated the regulation of urothelial ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> by the 5-HT signaling system. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses of the urothelium revealed specific expression of 5-HT 1D and 5-HT 4 receptors. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 5-HT did not affect urothelial ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> without bladder distention, but it significantly reduced distention-induced ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> by physiological pressure during urine storage (5 cmH 2 O). The inhibitory effect of 5-HT on distention-elicited ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> was blocked by preincubation with the 5-HT 1B/1D antagonist GR-127935 but not by the 5-HT 4 antagonist SB-204070. mRNA encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 1 was detected in the urinary bladder by nested RT-PCR amplification, and l-tryptophan or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram also inhibited ATP <span class="hlt">release</span>, indicating that 5-HT is endogenously synthesized and <span class="hlt">released</span> in the urinary bladder. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of GR-127935 significantly enhanced the distention-elicited ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> 40 min after distention, whereas SB-204070 reduced the amount of ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> 20 min after distention. These data suggest that 5-HT 4 facilitates the distention-induced ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> at an earlier stage, whereas 5-HT 1D inhibits ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> at a later stage. The net inhibitory effect of 5-HT indicates that the action of 5-HT on the urothelium is mediated predominantly by 5-HT 1D . Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Nanot..18r5704C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Nanot..18r5704C"><span>Nanoscale semiconducting silicon as a nutritional food <span class="hlt">additive</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Canham, L. T.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>Very high surface area silicon powders can be realized by high <span class="hlt">energy</span> milling or electrochemical etching techniques. Such nanoscale silicon structures, whilst biodegradable in the human gastrointestinal tract, are shown to be remarkably stable in most foodstuffs and beverages. The potential for using silicon to improve the shelf life and bioavailability of specific nutrients in functional foods is highlighted. Published drug delivery data implies that the nanoentrapment of hydrophobic nutrients will significantly improve their dissolution kinetics, through a combined effect of nanostructuring and solid state modification. Nutrients loaded to date include vitamins, fish oils, lycopene and coenzyme Q10. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, there is growing published evidence that optimized <span class="hlt">release</span> of orthosilicic acid, the biodegradation product of semiconducting silicon in the gut, offers beneficial effects with regard bone health. The utility of nanoscale silicon in the nutritional field shows early promise and is worthy of much further study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462776','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462776"><span>Hydroxylamine <span class="hlt">addition</span> impact to Nitrosomonas europaea activity in the presence of monochloramine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wahman, David G; Speitel, Gerald E</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In drinking water, monochloramine may promote ammonia–oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth because of concurrent ammonia presence. AOB use (i) ammonia monooxygenase for biological ammonia oxidation to hydroxylamine and (ii) hydroxylamine oxidoreductase for biological hydroxylamine oxidation to nitrite. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, monochloramine and hydroxylamine abiotically react, providing AOB a potential benefit by removing the disinfectant (monochloramine) and <span class="hlt">releasing</span> growth substrate (ammonia). Alternatively and because biological hydroxylamine oxidation supplies the electrons (reductant) required for biological ammonia oxidation, the monochloramine/hydroxylamine abiotic reaction represents a possible inactivation mechanism by consuming hydroxylamine and inhibiting reductant generation. To investigate the abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine reaction's impact on AOB activity, the current study used batch experiments with Nitrosomonas europaea (AOB pure culture), ammonia, monochloramine, and hydroxylamine <span class="hlt">addition</span>. To decipher whether hydroxylamine <span class="hlt">addition</span> benefitted N. europaea activity by (i) removing monochloramine and <span class="hlt">releasing</span> free ammonia or (ii) providing an <span class="hlt">additional</span> effect (possibly the aforementioned reductant source), a previously developed cometabolism model was coupled with an abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine model for data interpretation. N. europaea maintained ammonia oxidizing activity when hydroxylamine was added before complete ammonia oxidation cessation. The impact could not be accounted for by monochloramine removal and free ammonia <span class="hlt">release</span> alone and was concentration dependent for both monochloramine and hydroxylamine. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, a preferential negative impact occurred for ammonia versus hydroxylamine oxidation. These results suggest an <span class="hlt">additional</span> benefit of exogenous hydroxylamine <span class="hlt">addition</span> beyond monochloramine removal and free ammonia <span class="hlt">release</span>, possibly providing reductant generation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/intensity_trends.html','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo10/intensity_trends.html"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> Intensity Trends in AEO2010 (<span class="hlt">released</span> in AEO2010)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Energy</span> intensity (<span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption per dollar of real GDP) indicates how much <span class="hlt">energy</span> a country uses to produce its goods and services. From the early 1950s to the early 1970s, U.S. total primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption and real GDP increased at nearly the same annual rate. During that period, real oil prices remained virtually flat. In contrast, from the mid-1970s to 2008, the relationship between <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption and real GDP growth changed, with primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption growing at less than one-third the previous average rate and real GDP growth continuing to grow at its historical rate. The decoupling of real GDP growth from <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption growth led to a decline in <span class="hlt">energy</span> intensity that averaged 2.8% per year from 1973 to 2008. In the Annual <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Outlook 2010 Reference case, <span class="hlt">energy</span> intensity continues to decline, at an average annual rate of 1.9% from 2008 to 2035.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775347','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775347"><span>Molecular Dynamics and Free <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Simulations of Phenylacetate and CO2 <span class="hlt">Release</span> from AMDase and Its G74C/C188S Mutant: A Possible Rationale for the Reduced Activity of the Latter.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karmakar, Tarak; Balasubramanian, Sundaram</p> <p>2016-11-17</p> <p>Arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) catalyzes the decarboxylation of α-aryl-α-methyl malonates to produce optically pure α-arylpropionates of industrial and medicinal importance. Herein, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to delineate the mechanism of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of product molecules phenylacetate (PAC) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), from the wild-type (WT) and its G74C/C188S mutant enzymes. Both of the product molecules follow a crystallographically characterized solvent-accessible channel to come out of the protein interior. A higher free <span class="hlt">energy</span> barrier for the <span class="hlt">release</span> of PAC from G74C/C188S compared to that in the WT is consistent with the experimentally observed compromised efficiency of the mutant. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of CO 2 precedes that of PAC; free <span class="hlt">energy</span> barriers for CO 2 and PAC <span class="hlt">release</span> in the WT enzyme are calculated to be ∼1-2 and ∼23 kcal/mol, respectively. Postdecarboxylation, CO 2 moves toward a hydrophobic pocket formed by Pro 14, Leu 38, Leu 40, Leu 77, and the side chain of Tyr 48 which serves as its temporary "reservoir". CO 2 <span class="hlt">releases</span> following a channel mainly decorated by apolar residues, unlike in the case of oxalate decarboxylase where polar residues mediate its transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894312','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894312"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> of copper-amended particles from micronized copper-pressure-treated wood during mechanical abrasion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Civardi, Chiara; Schlagenhauf, Lukas; Kaiser, Jean-Pierre; Hirsch, Cordula; Mucchino, Claudio; Wichser, Adrian; Wick, Peter; Schwarze, Francis W M R</p> <p>2016-11-28</p> <p>We investigated the particles <span class="hlt">released</span> due to abrasion of wood surfaces pressure-treated with micronized copper azole (MCA) wood preservative and we gathered preliminary data on its in vitro cytotoxicity for lung cells. The data were compared with particles <span class="hlt">released</span> after abrasion of untreated, water (0% MCA)-pressure-treated, chromated copper (CC)-pressure-treated wood, and varnished wood. Size, morphology, and composition of the <span class="hlt">released</span> particles were analyzed. Our results indicate that the abrasion of MCA-pressure-treated wood does not cause an <span class="hlt">additional</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of nanoparticles from the unreacted copper (Cu) carbonate nanoparticles from of the MCA formulation. However, a small amount of <span class="hlt">released</span> Cu was detected in the nanosized fraction of wood dust, which could penetrate the deep lungs. The acute cytotoxicity studies were performed on a human lung epithelial cell line and human macrophages derived from a monocytic cell line. These cell types are likely to encounter the <span class="hlt">released</span> wood particles after inhalation. Our findings indicate that under the experimental conditions chosen, MCA does not pose a specific <span class="hlt">additional</span> nano-risk, i.e. there is no <span class="hlt">additional</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> of nanoparticles and no specific nano-toxicity for lung epithelial cells and macrophages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401334','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401334"><span>Preparation and Optimization of Immediate <span class="hlt">Release</span>/Sustained <span class="hlt">Release</span> Bilayered Tablets of Loxoprofen Using Box-Behnken Design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tak, Jin Wook; Gupta, Biki; Thapa, Raj Kumar; Woo, Kyu Bong; Kim, Sung Yub; Go, Toe Gyeong; Choi, Yongjoo; Choi, Ju Yeon; Jeong, Jee-Heon; Choi, Han-Gon; Yong, Chul Soon; Kim, Jong Oh</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>The aim of our current study was to characterize and optimize loxoprofen immediate <span class="hlt">release</span> (IR)/sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> (SR) tablet utilizing a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with a desirability function. The independent factors included ratio of drug in the IR layer to total drug (X 1 ), ratio of HPMC to drug in the SR layer (X 2 ), and ratio of Eudragit RL PO to drug in the SR layer (X 3 ). The dependent variables assessed were % drug <span class="hlt">released</span> in distilled water at 30 min (Y 1 ), % drug <span class="hlt">released</span> in pH 1.2 at 2 h (Y 2 ), and % drug <span class="hlt">released</span> in pH 6.8 at 12 h (Y 3 ). The responses were fitted to suitable models and statistical validation was performed using analysis of variance. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, response surface graphs and contour plots were constructed to determine the effects of different factor level combinations on the responses. The optimized loxoprofen IR/SR tablets were successfully prepared with the determined amounts of ingredients that showed close agreement in the predicted and experimental values of tablet characterization and drug dissolution profile. Therefore, BBD can be utilized for successful optimization of loxoprofen IR/SR tablet, which can be regarded as a suitable substitute for the current marketed formulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S43F..03S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S43F..03S"><span>An <span class="hlt">energy</span> dependent earthquake frequency-magnitude distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spassiani, I.; Marzocchi, W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The most popular description of the frequency-magnitude distribution of seismic events is the exponential Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) law, which is widely used in earthquake forecasting and seismic hazard models. Although it has been experimentally well validated in many catalogs worldwide, it is not yet clear at which space-time scales the G-R law still holds. For instance, in a small area where a large earthquake has just happened, the probability that another very large earthquake nucleates in a short time window should diminish because it takes time to recover the same level of elastic <span class="hlt">energy</span> just <span class="hlt">released</span>. In short, the frequency-magnitude distribution before and after a large earthquake in a small area should be different because of the different amount of available <span class="hlt">energy</span>.Our study is then aimed to explore a possible modification of the classical G-R distribution by including the dependence on an <span class="hlt">energy</span> parameter. In a nutshell, this more general version of the G-R law should be such that a higher <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span> corresponds to a lower probability of strong aftershocks. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, this new frequency-magnitude distribution has to satisfy an invariance condition: when integrating over large areas, that is when integrating over infinite <span class="hlt">energy</span> available, the G-R law must be recovered.Finally we apply a proposed generalization of the G-R law to different seismic catalogs to show how it works and the differences with the classical G-R law.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999cxo..pres....9.','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999cxo..pres....9."><span>First Images From Chandra X-Ray Observatory to be <span class="hlt">Released</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1999-08-01</p> <p>The first images from the world's most powerful X-ray telescope, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, will be unveiled at a media briefing at 1 p.m. EDT, Thursday, Aug. 26. The briefing will be held in the James E. Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters, 300 E St. SW, Washington, DC. The images include the spectacular remnants of a supernova and other astronomical objects. Panelists will be: - Dr. Edward Weiler, Associate Administrator for Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC; - Dr. Harvey Tananbaum, Director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's Chandra X-ray Center, Cambridge, MA; - Dr. Martin Weisskopf, NASA's Chandra Project Scientist, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL; and - Dr. Robert Kirshner, astrophysicist, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. The event will be carried live on NASA Television with question-and-answer capability for reporters covering the briefing from participating NASA centers and from the Chandra Operations Control Center in Cambridge. NASA Television is available on transponder 9C, satellite GE-2 at 85 degrees West longitude, vertical polarization, frequency 3880 MHz, audio of 6.8 MHz. Chandra has been undergoing activation and checkout since it was placed into orbit during Space Shuttle mission STS-93 in July. Chandra will examine exploding stars, black holes, colliding galaxies and other high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> cosmic phenomena to help scientists gain a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the universe. Chandra images and <span class="hlt">additional</span> information will be available following the briefing on the Internet at: http://chandra.nasa.gov and http://chandra.harvard.edu NASA press <span class="hlt">releases</span> and other information are available automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message to domo@hq.nasa.gov. In the body of the message (not the subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-<span class="hlt">release</span>" (no quotes). The system will reply with a confirmation via E-mail of each subscription. A second</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2302 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. 20.2302 Section 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Exemptions and <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Requirements § 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2302 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. 20.2302 Section 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Exemptions and <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Requirements § 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec20-2302.pdf"><span>10 CFR 20.2302 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. 20.2302 Section 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Exemptions and <span class="hlt">Additional</span> Requirements § 20.2302 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421210','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421210"><span>More accurate depiction of adsorption <span class="hlt">energy</span> on transition metals using work function as one <span class="hlt">additional</span> descriptor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shen, Xiaochen; Pan, Yanbo; Liu, Bin; Yang, Jinlong; Zeng, Jie; Peng, Zhenmeng</p> <p>2017-05-24</p> <p>The reaction mechanism and properties of a catalytic process are primarily determined by the interactions between reacting species and catalysts. However, the interactions are often challenging to be experimentally measured, especially for unstable intermediates. Therefore, it is of significant importance to establish an exact relationship between chemical-catalyst interactions and catalyst parameters, which will allow calculation of these interactions and thus advance their mechanistic understanding. Herein we report the description of adsorption <span class="hlt">energy</span> on transition metals by considering both ionic bonding and covalent bonding contributions and introduce the work function as one <span class="hlt">additional</span> responsible parameter. We find that the adsorption <span class="hlt">energy</span> can be more accurately described using a two-dimensional (2D) polynomial model, which shows a significant improvement compared with the current adsorption <span class="hlt">energy</span>-d-band center linear correlation. We also demonstrate the utilization of this new 2D polynomial model to calculate oxygen binding <span class="hlt">energy</span> of different transition metals to help understand their catalytic properties in oxygen reduction reactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf"><span>10 CFR 1707.208 - Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records. 1707.208 Section 1707.208 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD TESTIMONY BY DNFSB EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF OFFICIAL RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Requests for Testimony and Production of Documents § 1707...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf"><span>10 CFR 1707.208 - Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records. 1707.208 Section 1707.208 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD TESTIMONY BY DNFSB EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF OFFICIAL RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Requests for Testimony and Production of Documents § 1707...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf"><span>10 CFR 1707.208 - Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records. 1707.208 Section 1707.208 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD TESTIMONY BY DNFSB EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF OFFICIAL RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Requests for Testimony and Production of Documents § 1707...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf"><span>10 CFR 1707.208 - Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records. 1707.208 Section 1707.208 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD TESTIMONY BY DNFSB EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF OFFICIAL RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Requests for Testimony and Production of Documents § 1707...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title10-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title10-vol4-sec1707-208.pdf"><span>10 CFR 1707.208 - Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Restrictions that apply to <span class="hlt">released</span> records. 1707.208 Section 1707.208 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD TESTIMONY BY DNFSB EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF OFFICIAL RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Requests for Testimony and Production of Documents § 1707...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2811091','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2811091"><span>Controlled <span class="hlt">Release</span> in Transdermal Pressure Sensitive Adhesives using Organosilicate Nanocomposites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shaikh, Sohel; Birdi, Anil; Qutubuddin, Syed; Lakatosh, Eric; Baskaran, Harihara</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) incorporating organo-clays at different loadings were fabricated via solution casting. Partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained for the hydroxyl terminated PDMS in ethyl acetate solvent as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> studies showed that the initial burst <span class="hlt">release</span> was substantially reduced and the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> could be controlled by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of organo-clay. Shear strength and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) measurements indicated substantial improvement in adhesive properties of the PSA nanocomposite adhesives. Shear strength showed more than 200 % improvement at the lower clay loadings and the SAFT increased by about 21% due to the reinforcement provided by the nano-dispersed clay platelets. It was found that by optimizing the level of the organosilicate <span class="hlt">additive</span> to the polymer matrix, superior control over drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics and simultaneous improvements in adhesive properties could be attained for a transdermal PSA formulation. PMID:17786555</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17786555','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17786555"><span>Controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> in transdermal pressure sensitive adhesives using organosilicate nanocomposites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shaikh, Sohel; Birdi, Anil; Qutubuddin, Syed; Lakatosh, Eric; Baskaran, Harihara</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) incorporating organo-clays at different loadings were fabricated via solution casting. Partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained for the hydroxyl terminated PDMS in ethyl acetate solvent as determined by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> studies showed that the initial burst <span class="hlt">release</span> was substantially reduced and the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> could be controlled by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of organo-clay. Shear strength and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) measurements indicated substantial improvement in adhesive properties of the PSA nanocomposite adhesives. Shear strength showed more than 200% improvement at the lower clay loadings and the SAFT increased by about 21% due to the reinforcement provided by the nano-dispersed clay platelets. It was found that by optimizing the level of the organosilicate <span class="hlt">additive</span> to the polymer matrix, superior control over drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics and simultaneous improvements in adhesive properties could be attained for a transdermal PSA formulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980979','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980979"><span>Sodium lauryl sulfate impedes drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from zinc-crosslinked alginate beads: switching from enteric coating <span class="hlt">release</span> into biphasic profiles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taha, Mutasem O; Nasser, Wissam; Ardakani, Adel; Alkhatib, Hatim S</p> <p>2008-02-28</p> <p>The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on ionotropically cross-linked alginate beads. Different levels of SLS were mixed with sodium alginate and chlorpheniramine maleate (as loaded model drug). The resulting viscous solutions were dropped onto aqueous solutions of zinc or calcium ions for ionotropic curing. The generated beads were assessed by their drug <span class="hlt">releasing</span> profiles, infrared and differential scanning colorimetery (DSC) traits. SLS was found to exert profound concentration-dependent impacts on the characteristics of zinc-crosslinked alginate beads such that moderate modifications in the levels of SLS switched drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from enteric coating-like behavior to a biphasic <span class="hlt">release</span> modifiable to sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of minute amounts of xanthan gum. Calcium cross-linking failed to reproduce the same behavior, probably due to the mainly ionic nature of calcium-carboxylate bonds compared to the coordinate character of their zinc-carboxylate counterparts. Apparently, moderate levels of SLS repel water penetration into the beads, and therefore minimize chlorpheniramine <span class="hlt">release</span>. However, higher SLS levels seem to discourage polymeric cross-linking and therefore allow biphasic drug <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5318943','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5318943"><span>Developmental Conductive Hearing Loss Reduces Modulation Masking <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Yi-Wen; Sanes, Dan H.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Hearing-impaired individuals experience difficulties in detecting or understanding speech, especially in background sounds within the same frequency range. However, normally hearing (NH) human listeners experience less difficulty detecting a target tone in background noise when the envelope of that noise is temporally gated (modulated) than when that envelope is flat across time (unmodulated). This perceptual benefit is called modulation masking <span class="hlt">release</span> (MMR). When flanking masker <span class="hlt">energy</span> is added well outside the frequency band of the target, and comodulated with the original modulated masker, detection thresholds improve further (MMR+). In contrast, if the flanking masker is antimodulated with the original masker, thresholds worsen (MMR−). These interactions across disparate frequency ranges are thought to require central nervous system (CNS) processing. Therefore, we explored the effect of developmental conductive hearing loss (CHL) in gerbils on MMR characteristics, as a test for putative CNS mechanisms. The detection thresholds of NH gerbils were lower in modulated noise, when compared with unmodulated noise. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of a comodulated flanker further improved performance, whereas an antimodulated flanker worsened performance. However, for CHL-reared gerbils, all three forms of masking <span class="hlt">release</span> were reduced when compared with NH animals. These results suggest that developmental CHL impairs both within- and across-frequency processing and provide behavioral evidence that CNS mechanisms are affected by a peripheral hearing impairment. PMID:28215119</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28758053','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28758053"><span>Carvedilol inhibits cADPR- and IP3-induced Ca2+ <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morgan, Anthony J; Bampali, Konstantina; Ruas, Margarida; Factor, Cailley; Back, Thomas G; Chen, S R Wayne; Galione, Antony</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Spontaneous Ca 2+ waves, also termed store-overload-induced Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span> (SOICR), in cardiac cells can trigger ventricular arrhythmias especially in failing hearts. SOICR occurs when RyRs are activated by an increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) luminal Ca 2+ . Carvedilol is one of the most effective drugs for preventing arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, carvedilol analogues with minimal β-blocking activity also block SOICR showing that SOICR-inhibiting activity is distinct from that for β-block. We show here that carvedilol is a potent inhibitor of cADPR-induced Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span> in sea urchin egg homogenate. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the carvedilol analog VK-II-86 with minimal β-blocking activity also suppresses cADPR-induced Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span>. Carvedilol appeared to be a non-competitive antagonist of cADPR and could also suppress Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span> by caffeine. These results are consistent with cADPR <span class="hlt">releasing</span> Ca 2+ in sea urchin eggs by sensitizing RyRs to Ca 2+ involving a luminal Ca 2+ activation mechanism. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to action on the RyR, we also observed inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-induced Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span> by carvedilol suggesting a common mechanism between these evolutionarily related and conserved Ca 2+ <span class="hlt">release</span> channels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170659','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170659"><span>Investigation of factors affecting in vitro doxorubicin <span class="hlt">release</span> from PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin for the development of in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> testing conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shibata, Hiroko; Izutsu, Ken-Ichi; Yomota, Chikako; Okuda, Haruhiro; Goda, Yukihiro</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Establishing appropriate drug <span class="hlt">release</span> testing methods of liposomal products for assuring quality and performance requires the determination of factors affecting in vitro drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. In this study, we investigated the effects of test conditions (human plasma lot, pH/salt concentration in the test media, dilution factor, temperature, ultrasound irradiation, etc.), and liposomal preparation conditions (pH/concentration of ammonium sulfate solution), on doxorubicin (DXR) <span class="hlt">release</span> from PEGylated liposomal DXR. Higher temperature and lower pH significantly increased DXR <span class="hlt">release</span>. The evaluation of DXR solubility indicated that the high DXR <span class="hlt">release</span> induced by low pH may be attributed to the high solubility of DXR at low pH. Ultrasound irradiation induced rapid DXR <span class="hlt">release</span> in an amplitude-dependent manner. The salt concentration in the test solution, human plasma lot, and dilution factor had a limited impact on DXR-<span class="hlt">release</span>. Variations in the ammonium sulfate concentration used in solutions for the formation/hydration of liposomes significantly affected DXR <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior, whereas differences in pH did not. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, heating condition in phosphate-buffered saline at lower pH (<6.5) exhibited higher discriminative ability for the <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles from various liposomes with different concentrations of ammonium sulfate than did ultrasound irradiation. These results are expected to be helpful in the process of establishing appropriate drug <span class="hlt">release</span> testing methods for PEGylated liposomal DXR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24619858','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24619858"><span>Low effective activation <span class="hlt">energies</span> for oxygen <span class="hlt">release</span> from metal oxides: evidence for mass-transfer limits at high heating rates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jian, Guoqiang; Zhou, Lei; Piekiel, Nicholas W; Zachariah, Michael R</p> <p>2014-06-06</p> <p>Oxygen <span class="hlt">release</span> from metal oxides at high temperatures is relevant to many thermally activated chemical processes, including chemical-looping combustion, solar thermochemical cycles and energetic thermite reactions. In this study, we evaluated the thermal decomposition of nanosized metal oxides under rapid heating (~10(5) K s(-1)) with time-resolved mass spectrometry. We found that the effective activation-<span class="hlt">energy</span> values that were obtained using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional method are much lower than the values found at low heating rates, indicating that oxygen transport might be rate-determining at a high heating rate. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16841072','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16841072"><span>Inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake produces <span class="hlt">additive</span> effects on <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance in lean and obese mice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Billes, Sonja K; Cowley, Michael A</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>Although originally developed as an antidepressant, long-term bupropion (BUP) treatment was recently shown to cause 5-8% weight loss over placebo in clinical trials with obese adults. BUP's antidepressant properties probably stem from its ability to increase extracellular brain dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels by inhibiting their reuptake, although the mechanism of BUP-induced weight loss is unknown. Consequently, the acute effects of DA and NE reuptake inhibition on <span class="hlt">energy</span> homeostasis were determined by measuring food intake and body weight in mice following peripheral (intraperitoneal (i.p.)) administration of either BUP, a selective DA (GBR12783), or a selective NE (nisoxetine (NIS)) reuptake inhibitor. BUP, GBR12783, and NIS all dose-dependently decreased acute food intake in fasted lean mice. The ability of BUP to decrease food intake was independent of its ability to cause a temporary increase in locomotor activity. The inhibitory effects of acute GBR12783 and NIS on short-term food intake were <span class="hlt">additive</span>. Subchronic (via mini-osmotic pump) administration of GBR12783 and NIS produced a transient nonadditive effect on food intake, but produced an <span class="hlt">additive</span> reduction in body weight (8-10%). Because obesity can affect catecholaminergic signaling, we determined the effects of i.p. BUP, GBR12783, and NIS on short-term food intake in obese mice. Acute BUP, GBR12783, and NIS dose-dependently reduced acute food intake, and the <span class="hlt">additive</span> effect of GBR12783 and NIS on acute food intake was preserved in obese mice. These results demonstrate that combined DA and NE reuptake inhibition produces <span class="hlt">additive</span> effects on <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance in lean and obese mice on both standard and high-fat diet, providing a foundation for further research on the effects of BUP and similar compounds on <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance in mice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhDT.........3Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhDT.........3Y"><span><span class="hlt">Addition</span> and Removal <span class="hlt">Energies</span> via the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yuan, Fei</p> <p></p> <p>The in-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG) is an ab initio many-body method suitable for systems with moderate numbers of particles due to its polynomial scaling in computational cost. The formalism is highly flexible and admits a variety of modifications that extend its utility beyond the original goal of computing ground state <span class="hlt">energies</span> of closed-shell systems. In this work, we present an extension of IM-SRG through quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) to compute <span class="hlt">addition</span> and removal <span class="hlt">energies</span> (single particle <span class="hlt">energies</span>) near the Fermi level at low computational cost. This expands the range of systems that can be studied from closed-shell ones to nearby systems that differ by one particle. The method is applied to circular quantum dot systems and nuclei, and compared against other methods including equations-of-motion (EOM) IM-SRG and EOM coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The results are in good agreement for most cases. As part of this work, we present an open-source implementation of our flexible and easy-to-use J-scheme framework as well as the HF, IM-SRG, and QDPT codes built upon this framework. We include an overview of the overall structure, the implementation details, and strategies for maintaining high code quality and efficiency. Lastly, we also present a graphical application for manipulation of angular momentum coupling coefficients through a diagrammatic notation for angular momenta (Jucys diagrams). The tool enables rapid derivations of equations involving angular momentum coupling--such as in J-scheme--and significantly reduces the risk of human errors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28001358','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28001358"><span><span class="hlt">Additively</span> Manufactured and Surface Biofunctionalized Porous Nitinol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gorgin Karaji, Z; Speirs, M; Dadbakhsh, S; Kruth, J-P; Weinans, H; Zadpoor, A A; Amin Yavari, S</p> <p>2017-01-18</p> <p>Enhanced bone tissue regeneration and improved osseointegration are among the most important goals in design of multifunctional orthopedic biomaterials. In this study, we used <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing (selective laser melting) to develop multifunctional porous nitinol that combines superelasticity with a rationally designed microarchitecture and biofunctionalized surface. The rational design based on triply periodic minimal surfaces aimed to properly adjust the pore size, increase the surface area (thereby amplifying the effects of surface biofunctionalization), and resemble the curvature characteristics of trabecular bone. The surface of <span class="hlt">additively</span> manufactured (AM) porous nitinol was biofunctionalized using polydopamine-immobilized rhBMP2 for better control of the <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics. The actual morphological properties of porous nitinol measured by microcomputed tomography (e.g., open/close porosity, and surface area) closely matched the design values. The superelasticity originated from the austenite phase formed in the nitinol porous structure at room temperature. Polydopamine and rhBMP2 signature peaks were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of rhBMP2 continued until 28 days. The early time and long-term <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles were found to be adjustable independent of each other. In vitro cell culture showed improved cell attachment, cell proliferation, cell morphology (spreading, spindle-like shape), and cell coverage as well as elevated levels of ALP activity and increased calcium content for biofunctionalized surfaces as compared to as-manufactured specimens. The demonstrated functionalities of porous nitinol could be used as a basis for deployable orthopedic implants with rationally designed microarchitectures that maximize bone tissue regeneration performance by <span class="hlt">release</span> of biomolecules with adjustable and well-controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950004113&hterms=thermal+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dthermal%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950004113&hterms=thermal+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dthermal%2Benergy"><span>TES (Thermal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Storage) Video News <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>TES is an in-space technology experiment that flew on STS-62. Its intent is to investigate the behavior of two different thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage materials as they undergo repeated melting and freezing in the microgravity environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.551...40M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.551...40M"><span>Theoretical physics: Quarks fuse to <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miller, Gerald A.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In nuclear fusion, <span class="hlt">energy</span> is produced by the rearrangement of protons and neutrons. The discovery of an analogue of this process involving particles called quarks has implications for both nuclear and particle physics. See Letter p.89</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26095597','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26095597"><span>pH-independent immediate <span class="hlt">release</span> polymethacrylate formulations--an observational study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Claeys, Bart; Vandeputte, Reinout; De Geest, Bruno G; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Using Eudragit® E PO (EudrE) as a polymethacrylate carrier, the aim of the study was to develop a pH-independent dosage form containing ibuprofen (IBP) as an active compound via chemical modification of the polymer (i.e. quaternization of amine function) or via the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of dicarboxylic acids (succinic, glutaric and adipic acid) to create a pH micro-environment during dissolution. Biconvex tablets (diameter: 10 mm; height: 5 mm) were produced via hot melt extrusion and injection molding. In vitro dissolution experiments revealed that a minimum of 25% of quaternization was sufficient to partially (up to pH 5) eliminate the pH-dependent effect of the EudrE/IBP formulation. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of dicarboxylic acids did not alter IBP <span class="hlt">release</span> in a pH 1 and 3 medium as the dimethyl amino groups of EudrE are already fully protonated, while in a pH 5 solvent IBP <span class="hlt">release</span> was significantly improved (cf. from 0% to 92% <span class="hlt">release</span> after 1 h dissolution experiments upon the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 20 wt.% succinic acid). Hence, both approaches resulted in a pH-independent (up to pH 5) immediate <span class="hlt">release</span> formulation. However, the presence of a positively charged polymer induced stability issues (recrystallization of API) and the formulations containing dicarboxylic acids were classified as mechanically unstable. Hence, further research is needed to obtain a pH-independent immediate <span class="hlt">release</span> formulation while using EudrE as a polmethacrylate carrier.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol2-sec55-7.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title10-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title10-vol2-sec55-7.pdf"><span>10 CFR 55.7 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. 55.7 Section 55.7 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) OPERATORS' LICENSES General Provisions § 55.7 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose upon any licensee such requirements, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol2-sec55-7.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol2-sec55-7.pdf"><span>10 CFR 55.7 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. 55.7 Section 55.7 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) OPERATORS' LICENSES General Provisions § 55.7 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> requirements. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose upon any licensee such requirements, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARP34012X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARP34012X"><span>Long-term Controlled Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> from bi-component Electrospun Fibers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Shanshan; Zhang, Zixin; Xia, Qinghua; Han, Charles</p> <p></p> <p>Multi-drug delivery systems with timed programmed <span class="hlt">release</span> are hard to be produced due to the complex drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics which mainly refers to the diffusion of drug molecules from the fiber and the degradation of the carrier. This study focused on the whole life-time story of the long-term drug <span class="hlt">releasing</span> fibrous systems. Electrospun membrane utilizing FDA approved polymers and broad-spectrum antibiotics showed specific drug <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles which could be divided into three stages based on the profile slope. With throughout morphology observation, cumulative <span class="hlt">release</span> amount and <span class="hlt">releasing</span> duration, <span class="hlt">releasing</span> kinetics and critical factors were fully discussed during three stages. Through changing the second component, approximately linear drug <span class="hlt">release</span> profile and a drug <span class="hlt">release</span> duration about 13 days was prepared, which is perfect for preventing post-operative infection. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of this semi-crystalline polymer in turn influenced the fiber swelling and created drug diffusion channels. In conclusion, through adjusting and optimization of the blending component, initial burst <span class="hlt">release</span>, delayed <span class="hlt">release</span> for certain duration, and especially the sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> profile could all be controlled, as well as specific anti-bacterial behavior could be obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..SHK.K6001H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..SHK.K6001H"><span>Measurements of the Shock <span class="hlt">Release</span> Of Quartz and Paralyene-N</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hawreliak, James; Karasik, Max; Oh, Jaechul; Aglitskiy, Yefim</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The shock and <span class="hlt">release</span> properties of Quartz and hydrocarbons are important to high <span class="hlt">energy</span> density (HED) research and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) science. The bulk of HED material research studies single shock or multiple shock conditions. The challenge with measuring <span class="hlt">release</span> properties is unlike shocks which have a single interface from which to measure the properties, the <span class="hlt">release</span> establishes gradients in the sample. The streaked x-ray imaging capability of the NIKE laser allow the interface between quartz and CH to be measured during the <span class="hlt">release</span>, giving measurements of the interface velocity and CH density. Here, we present experimental results from the NIKE laser where quartz and parylene-N are shock compressed to high pressure and temperature and the <span class="hlt">release</span> state is measured through x-ray imaging. The shock state is characterized by shock front velocity measurements using VISAR and the <span class="hlt">release</span> state is characterized by using side-on streaked x-ray radiography Work supported by DOE/NNSA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvD..94h3525D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvD..94h3525D"><span>Dark <span class="hlt">energy</span> and dark matter from an <span class="hlt">additional</span> adiabatic fluid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunsby, Peter K. S.; Luongo, Orlando; Reverberi, Lorenzo</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The dark sector is described by an <span class="hlt">additional</span> barotropic fluid which evolves adiabatically during the Universe's history and whose adiabatic exponent γ is derived from the standard definitions of specific heats. Although in general γ is a function of the redshift, the Hubble parameter and its derivatives, we find that our assumptions lead necessarily to solutions with γ =constant in a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe. The adiabatic fluid acts effectively as the sum of two distinct components, one evolving like nonrelativistic matter and the other depending on the value of the adiabatic index. This makes the model particularly interesting as a way of simultaneously explaining the nature of both dark <span class="hlt">energy</span> and dark matter, at least at the level of the background cosmology. The Λ CDM model is included in this family of theories when γ =0 . We fit our model to supernovae Ia, H (z ) and baryonic acoustic oscillation data, discussing the model selection criteria. The implications for the early Universe and the growth of small perturbations in this model are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25853076','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25853076"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> kinetics of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets with different excipients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kasperek, Regina; Polski, Andrzej; Zimmer, Łukasz; Poleszak, Ewa</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The influence of excipients on the disintegration times of tablets and the <span class="hlt">release</span> of papaverine hydrochloride (PAP) from tablets were studied. Ten different formulations of tablets with PAP were prepared by direct powder compression. Different binders, disintegrants, fillers, and lubricants were used as excipients. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of PAP was carried out in the paddle apparatus using 0.1 N HCl as a dissolution medium. The results of the disintegration times of tablets showed that six formulations can be classified as fast dissolving tablets (FDT). FDT formulations contained Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, mannitol, (3-lactose, PVP K 10, gelatinized starch (CPharmGel), Prosolv Easy Tab, Prosolv SMCC 90, magnesium stearate, and the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of disintegrants such as AcDiSol and Kollidon CL. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics were estimated by the zero- and first-order, Higuchi <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Two formulations of the tablets containing PVP (K10) (10%), CPharmGel (10% and 25%), and Prosolv Easy Tab (44% and 60%) without the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of a disintegrant were well-fitted to the kinetics models such as the Higuchi and zero-order, which are suitable for controlled- or sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4318223','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4318223"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> Kinetics of Papaverine Hydrochloride from Tablets with Different Excipients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kasperek, Regina; Polski, Andrzej; Zimmer, Łukasz; Poleszak, Ewa</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The influence of excipients on the disintegration times of tablets and the <span class="hlt">release</span> of papaverine hydrochloride (PAP) from tablets were studied. Ten different formulations of tablets with PAP were prepared by direct powder compression. Different binders, disintegrants, fillers, and lubricants were used as excipients. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of PAP was carried out in the paddle apparatus using 0.1 N HCl as a dissolution medium. The results of the disintegration times of tablets showed that six formulations can be classified as fast dissolving tablets (FDT). FDT formulations contained Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, mannitol, (3-lactose, PVP K 10, gelatinized starch (CPharmGel), Prosolv Easy Tab, Prosolv SMCC 90, magnesium stearate, and the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of disintegrants such as AcDiSol and Kollidon CL. Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics were estimated by the zero- and first-order, Higuchi <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Two formulations of the tablets containing PVP (K10) (10%), CPharmGel (10% and 25%), and Prosolv Easy Tab (44% and 60%) without the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of a disintegrant were well-fitted to the kinetics models such as the Higuchi and zero-order, which are suitable for controlled- or sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span>. PMID:25853076</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1286800-energy-emissions-saving-potential-additive-manufacturing-nbsp-case-lightweight-aircraft-components','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1286800-energy-emissions-saving-potential-additive-manufacturing-nbsp-case-lightweight-aircraft-components"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> and emissions saving potential of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing: the case of lightweight aircraft components</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Huang, Runze; Riddle, Matthew; Graziano, Diane; ...</p> <p>2015-05-08</p> <p><span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing (AM) holds great potential for improving materials efficiency, reducing life-cycle impacts, and enabling greater engineering functionality compared to conventional manufacturing (CM) processes. For these reasons, AM has been adopted by a growing number of aircraft component manufacturers to achieve more lightweight, cost-effective designs. This study estimates the net changes in life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> and greenhouse gas emissions associated with AM technologies for lightweight metallic aircraft components through the year 2050, to shed light on the environmental benefits of a shift from CM to AM processes in the U.S. aircraft industry. A systems modeling framework is presented, with integratesmore » engineering criteria, life-cycle environmental data, and aircraft fleet stock and fuel use models under different AM adoption scenarios. Estimated fleetwide life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> savings in a rapid adoption scenario reach 70-174 million GJ/year in 2050, with cumulative savings of 1.2-2.8 billion GJ. Associated cumulative emission reduction potentials of CO2e were estimated at 92.8-217.4 million metric tons. About 95% of the savings is attributed to airplane fuel consumption reductions due to lightweighting. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, about 4050 tons aluminum, 7600 tons titanium and 8100 tons of nickel alloys could be saved per year in 2050. The results indicate a significant role of AM technologies in helping society meet its long-term <span class="hlt">energy</span> use and GHG emissions reduction goals, and highlight barriers and opportunities for AM adoption for the aircraft industry.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1286800','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1286800"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> and emissions saving potential of <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing: the case of lightweight aircraft components</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Huang, Runze; Riddle, Matthew; Graziano, Diane</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing (AM) holds great potential for improving materials efficiency, reducing life-cycle impacts, and enabling greater engineering functionality compared to conventional manufacturing (CM) processes. For these reasons, AM has been adopted by a growing number of aircraft component manufacturers to achieve more lightweight, cost-effective designs. This study estimates the net changes in life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> and greenhouse gas emissions associated with AM technologies for lightweight metallic aircraft components through the year 2050, to shed light on the environmental benefits of a shift from CM to AM processes in the U.S. aircraft industry. A systems modeling framework is presented, with integratesmore » engineering criteria, life-cycle environmental data, and aircraft fleet stock and fuel use models under different AM adoption scenarios. Estimated fleetwide life-cycle primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> savings in a rapid adoption scenario reach 70-174 million GJ/year in 2050, with cumulative savings of 1.2-2.8 billion GJ. Associated cumulative emission reduction potentials of CO2e were estimated at 92.8-217.4 million metric tons. About 95% of the savings is attributed to airplane fuel consumption reductions due to lightweighting. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, about 4050 tons aluminum, 7600 tons titanium and 8100 tons of nickel alloys could be saved per year in 2050. The results indicate a significant role of AM technologies in helping society meet its long-term <span class="hlt">energy</span> use and GHG emissions reduction goals, and highlight barriers and opportunities for AM adoption for the aircraft industry.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2941235','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2941235"><span>Athletic amenorrhea: <span class="hlt">energy</span> deficit or psychogenic challenge?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pauli, Samuel A.; Berga, Sarah L.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Athletic women are at risk for developing ovulatory dysfunction, which presents variably as menstrual irregularity or absence. Initially characterized as an isolated disruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin <span class="hlt">releasing</span> hormone (GnRH) <span class="hlt">release</span>, athletic amenorrhea, a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, is invariably accompanied by <span class="hlt">additional</span> neuroendocrine aberrations, including activation of adrenal and suppression of thyroidal axes. Exercise may elicit intermittent or chronic metabolic stress due to increased <span class="hlt">energy</span> expenditure and/or insufficient or imbalanced nutrient intake. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, athletic activities are motivated by or serve as psychogenic stressors. Prior studies dichotomized stressors as metabolic or psychogenic. Not only is this a false dichotomy because all stressors have both a metabolic and a psychogenic component, but also stressors act synergistically rather than in isolation to compromise GnRH drive and endocrine homeostasis. To ameliorate reproductive and endocrine consequences of stress, then, requires identification and amelioration of all relevant stressors. Formal psychosocial support helps individuals to develop better coping strategies and make appropriate lifestyle changes. Our research has shown that cognitive behavior therapy restores reproductive and endocrine balance. PMID:20840250</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26436214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26436214"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">release</span> from coffee machines and electric kettles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Müller, Frederic D; Hackethal, Christin; Schmidt, Roman; Kappenstein, Oliver; Pfaff, Karla; Luch, Andreas</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">release</span> of elemental ions from 8 coffee machines and 11 electric kettles into food simulants was investigated. Three different types of coffee machines were tested: portafilter espresso machines, pod machines and capsule machines. All machines were tested subsequently on 3 days before and on 3 days after decalcification. Decalcification of the machines was performed with agents according to procedures as specified in the respective manufacturer's manuals. The electric kettles showed only a low <span class="hlt">release</span> of the elements analysed. For the coffee machines decreasing concentrations of elements were found from the first to the last sample taken in the course of 1 day. Metal <span class="hlt">release</span> on consecutive days showed a decreasing trend as well. After decalcification a large increase in the amounts of elements <span class="hlt">released</span> was encountered. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the different machine types investigated clearly differed in their extent of element <span class="hlt">release</span>. By far the highest leaching, both quantitatively and qualitatively, was found for the portafilter machines. With these products <span class="hlt">releases</span> of Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr and Zn were in the range and beyond the <span class="hlt">release</span> limits as proposed by the Council of Europe. Therefore, a careful rinsing routine, especially after decalcification, is recommended for these machines. The comparably lower extent of <span class="hlt">release</span> of one particular portafilter machine demonstrates that metal <span class="hlt">release</span> at levels above the threshold that triggers health concerns are technically avoidable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17240526','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17240526"><span>The toxic <span class="hlt">release</span> inventory: fact or fiction? A case study of the primary aluminum industry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koehler, Dinah A; Spengler, John D</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>Since 1989 manufacturing facilities across the USA must report toxic chemical emissions to the EPA's toxic <span class="hlt">release</span> inventory (TRI). Public <span class="hlt">release</span> of this information and increased public scrutiny are believed to significantly contribute to the over 45% reduction in toxic chemical <span class="hlt">releases</span> since inception of the program and to growing support for this type of informational regulation instead of traditional command-and-control. However, prior research indicates a tendency to under-report emissions. We find specific evidence of under-reporting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to the TRI by primary aluminum facilities after promulgation of the industry's maximum available control technology (MACT) standard in 1997. We also find evidence of dislocation of emission overseas due to these regulatory requirements. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, changes in <span class="hlt">energy</span> prices affected aluminum production and further distort reported PAH emissions levels. This suggests the possibility of more widespread under-reporting that is modulated by various factors, including market conditions and new regulations, and which may partially explain the downward trend in TRI emissions. It also suggests that the quality of TRI data may improve once facilities are subject to monitoring of emissions of a TRI listed pollutant due to command-and-control regulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801834','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801834"><span>Development of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> lipophilic calcium stearate pellets via hot melt extrusion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roblegg, Eva; Jäger, Evelyn; Hodzic, Aden; Koscher, Gerold; Mohr, Stefan; Zimmer, Andreas; Khinast, Johannes</p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was the development of retarded <span class="hlt">release</span> pellets using vegetable calcium stearate (CaSt) as a thermoplastic excipient. The matrix carrier was hot melt extruded and pelletized with a hot-strand cutter in a one step continuous process. Vegetable CaSt was extruded at temperatures between 100 and 130°C, since at these temperatures cutable extrudates with a suitable melt viscosity may be obtained. Pellets with a drug loading of 20% paracetamol <span class="hlt">released</span> 11.54% of the drug after 8h due to the great densification of the pellets. As expected, the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was influenced by the pellet size and the drug loading. To increase the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate, functional <span class="hlt">additives</span> were necessary. Therefore, two plasticizers including glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and tributyl citrate (TBC) were investigated for plasticization efficiency and impact on the in vitro drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. GMS increased the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate due to the formation of pores at the surface (after dissolution) and showed no influence on the process parameters. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of TBC increased the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> to a higher extent. After dissolving, the pellets exhibited pores at the surface and in the inner layer. Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SWAXS) revealed no major change in crystalline peaks. The results demonstrated that (nearly) spherical CaSt pellets could be successfully prepared by hot melt extrusion using a hot-strand cutter as downstreaming system. Paracetamol did not melt during the process indicating a solid suspension. Due to the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of plasticizers, the in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> rate could be tailored as desired. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.450L..39N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.450L..39N"><span>Recombination <span class="hlt">energy</span> in double white dwarf formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nandez, J. L. A.; Ivanova, N.; Lombardi, J. C.</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>In this Letter, we investigate the role of recombination <span class="hlt">energy</span> during a common envelope event. We confirm that taking this <span class="hlt">energy</span> into account helps to avoid the formation of the circumbinary envelope commonly found in previous studies. For the first time, we can model a complete common envelope event, with a clean compact double white dwarf binary system formed at the end. The resulting binary orbit is almost perfectly circular. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to considering recombination <span class="hlt">energy</span>, we also show that between 1/4 and 1/2 of the <span class="hlt">released</span> orbital <span class="hlt">energy</span> is taken away by the ejected material. We apply this new method to the case of the double white dwarf system WD 1101+364, and we find that the progenitor system at the start of the common envelope event consisted of an ˜1.5 M⊙ red giant star in an ˜30 d orbit with a white dwarf companion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASJ...70S...8A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASJ...70S...8A"><span>First data <span class="hlt">release</span> of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aihara, Hiroaki; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven; Bosch, James; Coupon, Jean; Furusawa, Hisanori; Hayashi, Yusuke; Ikeda, Hiroyuki; Kamata, Yukiko; Karoji, Hiroshi; Kawanomoto, Satoshi; Koike, Michitaro; Komiyama, Yutaka; Lang, Dustin; Lupton, Robert H.; Mineo, Sogo; Miyatake, Hironao; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Morokuma, Tomoki; Obuchi, Yoshiyuki; Oishi, Yukie; Okura, Yuki; Price, Paul A.; Takata, Tadafumi; Tanaka, Manobu M.; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Yoko; Uchida, Tomohisa; Uraguchi, Fumihiro; Utsumi, Yousuke; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Yamada, Yoshihiko; Yamanoi, Hitomi; Yasuda, Naoki; Arimoto, Nobuo; Chiba, Masashi; Finet, Francois; Fujimori, Hiroki; Fujimoto, Seiji; Furusawa, Junko; Goto, Tomotsugu; Goulding, Andy; Gunn, James E.; Harikane, Yuichi; Hattori, Takashi; Hayashi, Masao; Hełminiak, Krzysztof G.; Higuchi, Ryo; Hikage, Chiaki; Ho, Paul T. P.; Hsieh, Bau-Ching; Huang, Kuiyun; Huang, Song; Imanishi, Masatoshi; Iwata, Ikuru; Jaelani, Anton T.; Jian, Hung-Yu; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Katayama, Nobuhiko; Kojima, Takashi; Konno, Akira; Koshida, Shintaro; Kusakabe, Haruka; Leauthaud, Alexie; Lee, Chien-Hsiu; Lin, Lihwai; Lin, Yen-Ting; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Medezinski, Elinor; Miyama, Shoken; Momose, Rieko; More, Anupreeta; More, Surhud; Mukae, Shiro; Murata, Ryoma; Murayama, Hitoshi; Nagao, Tohru; Nakata, Fumiaki; Niida, Mana; Niikura, Hiroko; Nishizawa, Atsushi J.; Oguri, Masamune; Okabe, Nobuhiro; Ono, Yoshiaki; Onodera, Masato; Onoue, Masafusa; Ouchi, Masami; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Shibuya, Takatoshi; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro; Simet, Melanie; Speagle, Joshua; Spergel, David N.; Strauss, Michael A.; Sugahara, Yuma; Sugiyama, Naoshi; Suto, Yasushi; Suzuki, Nao; Tait, Philip J.; Takada, Masahiro; Terai, Tsuyoshi; Toba, Yoshiki; Turner, Edwin L.; Uchiyama, Hisakazu; Umetsu, Keiichi; Urata, Yuji; Usuda, Tomonori; Yeh, Sherry; Yuma, Suraphong</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most important outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope, and it started in 2014 March. This paper presents the first public data <span class="hlt">release</span> of HSC-SSP. This <span class="hlt">release</span> includes data taken in the first 1.7 yr of observations (61.5 nights), and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i ˜ 26.4, ˜26.5, and ˜27.0 mag, respectively (5 σ for point sources). All the layers are observed in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0{^''.}6 in the i band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1%-2% point spread function (PSF) photometry (root mean square) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ˜10 mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the pipeline products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of all the data can be found online. The data <span class="hlt">release</span> website is https://hsc-<span class="hlt">release</span>.mtk.nao.ac.jp.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697744','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697744"><span>Effect of palmitic acid on the characteristics and <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles of rotigotine-loaded microspheres.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Aiping; Liang, Rongcai; Liu, Wanhui; Sha, Chunjie; Li, Youxin; Sun, Kaoxiang</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The initial burst <span class="hlt">release</span> is a major obstacle to the development of microsphere-formulated drug products. To investigate the influence of palmitic acid on the characteristics and <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles of rotigotine-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. Rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RMS) were prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The in vitro characteristics of the RMS were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a particle size analyzer. The in vitro drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the RMS were investigated. The SEM results showed that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of palmitic acid changed the surface morphology of the microspheres from smooth to dimpled and then to non-smooth as the palmitic acid content increased. DSC revealed the existence of molecularly dispersed forms of palmitic acid in the microspheres. The in vitro and in vivo <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles indicated that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 5% and 8% palmitic acid significantly decreased the burst <span class="hlt">release</span> of rotigotine from the microspheres, and the late-stage <span class="hlt">release</span> was delayed as the palmitic acid content increased across the investigated range (5-15%). The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of palmitic acid to the microspheres significantly affects the <span class="hlt">release</span> profile of rotigotine from RMS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6457776','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6457776"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1980</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1980 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1980 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6346354','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6346354"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants: Annual report, 1984</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1984 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1984 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5489623','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5489623"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants: Annual report, 1985</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1985 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1985 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5368658','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5368658"><span>Corrugated Textile based Triboelectric Generator for Wearable <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Harvesting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Choi, A Young; Lee, Chang Jun; Park, Jiwon; Kim, Dogyun; Kim, Youn Tae</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span> harvesting has been applied to various fields, from large-scale power generation to small electronics. Triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span> is generated when certain materials come into frictional contact, e.g., static electricity from rubbing a shoe on a carpet. In particular, textile-based triboelectric <span class="hlt">energy</span>-harvesting technologies are one of the most promising approaches because they are not only flexible, light, and comfortable but also wearable. Most previous textile-based triboelectric generators (TEGs) generate <span class="hlt">energy</span> by vertically pressing and rubbing something. However, we propose a corrugated textile-based triboelectric generator (CT-TEG) that can generate <span class="hlt">energy</span> by stretching. Moreover, the CT-TEG is sewn into a corrugated structure that contains an effective air gap without <span class="hlt">additional</span> spacers. The resulting CT-TEG can generate considerable <span class="hlt">energy</span> from various deformations, not only by pressing and rubbing but also by stretching. The maximum output performances of the CT-TEG can reach up to 28.13 V and 2.71 μA with stretching and <span class="hlt">releasing</span> motions. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, we demonstrate the generation of sufficient <span class="hlt">energy</span> from various activities of a human body to power about 54 LEDs. These results demonstrate the potential application of CT-TEGs for self-powered systems. PMID:28349928</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvE..82e6711K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvE..82e6711K"><span>Global optimization of <span class="hlt">additive</span> potential <span class="hlt">energy</span> functions: Predicting binary Lennard-Jones clusters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kolossváry, István; Bowers, Kevin J.</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>We present a method for minimizing <span class="hlt">additive</span> potential-<span class="hlt">energy</span> functions. Our hidden-force algorithm can be described as an intricate multiplayer tug-of-war game in which teams try to break an impasse by randomly assigning some players to drop their ropes while the others are still tugging until a partial impasse is reached, then, instructing the dropouts to resume tugging, for all teams to come to a new overall impasse. Utilizing our algorithm in a non-Markovian parallel Monte Carlo search, we found 17 new putative global minima for binary Lennard-Jones clusters in the size range of 90-100 particles. The method is efficient enough that an unbiased search was possible; no potential-<span class="hlt">energy</span> surface symmetries were exploited. All new minima are comprised of three nested polyicosahedral or polytetrahedral shells when viewed as a nested set of Connolly surfaces (though the shell structure has previously gone unscrutinized, known minima are often qualitatively similar). Unlike known minima, in which the outer and inner shells are comprised of the larger and smaller atoms, respectively, in 13 of the new minima, the atoms are not as clearly separated by size. Furthermore, while some known minima have inner shells stabilized by larger atoms, four of the new minima have outer shells stabilized by smaller atoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/347687-anaerobic-phosphate-release-from-activated-sludge-enhanced-biological-phosphorus-removal-possible-mechanism-intracellular-ph-control','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/347687-anaerobic-phosphate-release-from-activated-sludge-enhanced-biological-phosphorus-removal-possible-mechanism-intracellular-ph-control"><span>Anaerobic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal. A possible mechanism of intracellular pH control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bond, P.L.; Keller, J.; Blackall, L.L.</p> <p></p> <p>The biochemical mechanisms of the wastewater treatment process known as enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are presently described in a metabolic model. The authors investigated details of the EBPR model to determine the nature of the anaerobic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> and how this may be metabolically associated with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) formation. Iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, was found to inhibit the anaerobic formation of PHA and phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span>, supporting the pathways proposed in the EBPR metabolic model. In the metabolic model, it is proposed that polyphosphate degradation provides <span class="hlt">energy</span> for the microorganisms in anaerobic regions of these treatment systems. Other investigationsmore » have shown that anaerobic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> depends on the extracellular pH. The authors observed that when the intracellular pH of EBPR sludge was raised, substantial anaerobic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> was caused without volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake. Acidification of the sludge inhibited anaerobic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> even in the presence of VFA. from these observations, the authors postulate that an <span class="hlt">additional</span> possible role of anaerobic polyphosphate degradation in EBPR is for intracellular pH control. Intracellular pH control may be a metabolic feature of EBPR, not previously considered, that could have some use in the control and optimization of EBPR.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7978646','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7978646"><span>Dexamethasone-induced haptoglobin <span class="hlt">release</span> by calf liver parenchymal cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Higuchi, H; Katoh, N; Miyamoto, T; Uchida, E; Yuasa, A; Takahashi, K</p> <p>1994-08-01</p> <p>Parenchymal cells were isolated from the liver of male calves, and monolayer cultures formed were treated with glucocorticoids to examine whether haptoglobin, appearance of which is associated with hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) in cattle, is induced by steroid hormones. Without <span class="hlt">addition</span> of dexamethasone, only trace amounts of haptoglobin were detected in culture medium. With <span class="hlt">addition</span> of dexamethasone (10(-12) to 10(-4) M), considerable amounts of haptoglobin were <span class="hlt">released</span> into the medium. Maximal <span class="hlt">release</span> was observed at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M dexamethasone. Haptoglobin <span class="hlt">release</span> was similarly induced by cortisol, although the effect was less potent than that of dexamethasone. Actinomycin D (a known protein synthesis inhibitor) dose-dependently reduced amounts of haptoglobin <span class="hlt">released</span> in response to 10(-8) M dexamethasone. Dexamethasone also induced annexin I, which is known to be synthesized in response to glucocorticoids. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in reduced protein kinase C activity in the cell cytosol, which has been shown to be an early event in dexamethasone-treated cells. Other than glucocorticoids, estradiol induced haptoglobin <span class="hlt">release</span>, whereas progesterone was less effective. The association of haptoglobin with hepatic lipidosis can be reasonably explained by the fact that haptoglobin production by the liver is induced by glucocorticoids and estradiol, and these steroid hormones are triggers for development of hepatic lipidosis in cattle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613516','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613516"><span>Experimentally reduced corticosterone <span class="hlt">release</span> promotes early breeding in black-legged kittiwakes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Goutte, Aurélie; Clément-Chastel, Céline; Moe, Børge; Bech, Claus; Gabrielsen, Geir Wing; Chastel, Olivier</p> <p>2011-06-15</p> <p>Breeding at the right time is important for successful reproduction. In birds, stressful environmental conditions are known to delay the timing of breeding but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The stress hormone corticosterone appears to be a good candidate for mediating egg-laying date according to early environmental conditions and physiological state. By experimentally reducing the <span class="hlt">release</span> of corticosterone in black-legged kittiwakes during the pre-laying period, we tested whether egg-laying date was mechanistically linked to corticosterone levels. Male and female kittiwakes were implanted with a low dose of exogenous corticosterone to inhibit endogenous corticosterone production. According to our predictions, the experimental reduction of corticosterone <span class="hlt">release</span> was paralleled by a significant advancement of egg laying in females (around 4 days earlier). In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, females with experimentally reduced corticosterone <span class="hlt">release</span> gained mass during the pre-laying period compared with controls. Ultimately, the advancement of egg laying in females with experimentally reduced corticosterone levels was associated with an enhanced breeding success. This effect was strongly sex specific. In corticosterone-treated male kittiwakes, egg-laying date and reproductive success were not affected, but breeding probability was lower than in controls. This corticosterone treatment did not influence immediate clutch size, or return rate and breeding decision the following year. Our results support the hypothesis that corticosterone secretion during the pre-laying period mediates the timing of breeding in this long-lived seabird, possibly through the dynamics of <span class="hlt">energy</span> reserves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9450S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.9450S"><span>NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget: First Results From The <span class="hlt">Release</span> 4 GEWEX Integrated Data Products</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stackhouse, Paul; Cox, Stephen; Gupta, Shashi; Mikovitz, J. Colleen; zhang, taiping</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current <span class="hlt">release</span> 3 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be <span class="hlt">released</span> as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number should help improve the RMS of the existing products and allow for future higher resolution SRB gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree). In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to the input data improvements, several important algorithm improvements have been made. Most notable has been the adaptation of Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) from CERES to improve the initial calculation of shortwave TOA fluxes, from which the surface flux calculations follow. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institut Aerosol Climatology (MAC), temperature and moisture profiles from HIRS, and new topography, surface type, and snow/ice. Here we present results for the improved GEWEX Shortwave and Longwave algorithm (GSW and GLW) with new ISCCP data, the various other improved input data sets and the incorporation of many <span class="hlt">additional</span> internal SRB model improvements. As of the time of abstract submission, results from 2007 have been produced with ISCCP H availability the limiting factor. More SRB data will be produced as ISCCP reprocessing continues. The SRB data produced will be <span class="hlt">released</span> as part of the <span class="hlt">Release</span> 4.0 Integrated Product, recognizing the interdependence of the radiative fluxes with other GEWEX products providing estimates of the Earth's global water and <span class="hlt">energy</span> cycle (I.e., ISCCP, SeaFlux, LandFlux, NVAP, etc.).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823012','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823012"><span>Mechanistic evaluation of alginate-HEC gelisphere compacts for controlled intrastriatal nicotine <span class="hlt">release</span> in Parkinson's disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choonara, Yahya E; Pillay, Viness; Khan, Riaz A; Singh, Neha; du Toit, Lisa C</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>This study focused on elucidating a mechanistic understanding in support of the multiple mechanisms which govern the formation of crosslinked alginate-hydroxyethylcellulose (Alg-HEC) gelispheres intended for the controlled intrastriatal <span class="hlt">release</span> of nicotine as a neuroprotectant in Parkinson's Disease. HEC was incorporated as a reinforcing "protective" colloidal polymer to induce interactions between the free carboxyl groups of alginate with hydroxylated HEC monomers. Gelispheres were compressed within an external poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrix to further prolong the <span class="hlt">release</span> of nicotine. Sol-gel interconversion mechanisms, matrix deformability moduli, matrix fracture <span class="hlt">energies</span> and chemometric models of the associated <span class="hlt">energy</span> paradigms were analyzed for their influence on the mechanism and extent of nicotine <span class="hlt">release</span>. Textural profiling demonstrated higher fracture <span class="hlt">energies</span> (7.94-26.69 x 10(-4) J) and lower deformability moduli (12.24-58.36 N/mm) when gelispheres were cured in 2 M HCl as a postcuring step. Ba(2+) crosslinked gelispheres resulted in superiorly compact matrices with an increase in volume of 201-329% as compared to the Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) crosslinked matrices. The order of matrix compactness was as follows: Zn(2+) < Ca(2+) < Ba(2+). Molecular mechanisms of formation, interaction, conversion, and stability of sol-gel transitions depended on the type of crosslinker, crosslinking time, <span class="hlt">energy</span> transactions, and interactions with molecules of the hydration medium. Ba(2+) crosslinked gelispheres <span class="hlt">released</span> nicotine slower than Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) crosslinked gelispheres due to the higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> requirement for interconversion to sol while the <span class="hlt">energy</span> requirements for Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) was at a lower demand. Ba(2+) crosslinked gelispheres within PLGA matrices therefore retarded nicotine <span class="hlt">release</span> in a pseudo-zero-order manner over 21 days. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA226127','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA226127"><span>Development of a Method to Measure Organotin <span class="hlt">Release</span> Rates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1989-12-01</p> <p>tributyltin per liter Pm Micrometers mm Millimeters NOSC Naval Ocean Systems Center RCW Relative confidence width TBT Tributyltin TBTCl Tributyltin ...organotin paint research is to develop a coating which controls fouling effec- tively with a minimum <span class="hlt">release</span> of tributyltin ( TBT ). In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to...DTNSRDC) are conducting a series of experiments in order to determine the tributyltin ( TBT ) <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of various organotin antifouling paints. The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461537"><span>Enhanced reactivity in dioxirane C-H oxidations via strain <span class="hlt">release</span>: a computational and experimental study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zou, Lufeng; Paton, Robert S; Eschenmoser, Albert; Newhouse, Timothy R; Baran, Phil S; Houk, K N</p> <p>2013-04-19</p> <p>The site selectivities and stereoselectivities of C-H oxidations of substituted cyclohexanes and trans-decalins by dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) were investigated computationally with quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT). The multiconfiguration CASPT2 method was employed on model systems to establish the preferred mechanism and transition state geometry. The reaction pathway involving a rebound step is established to account for the retention of stereochemistry. The oxidation of sclareolide with dioxirane reagents is reported, including the oxidation by the in situ generated tBu-TFDO, a new dioxirane that better discriminates between C-H bonds on the basis of steric effects. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of 1,3-diaxial strain in the transition state contributes to the site selectivity and enhanced equatorial C-H bond reactivity for tertiary C-H bonds, a result of the lowering of distortion <span class="hlt">energy</span>. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> to this strain <span class="hlt">release</span> factor, steric and inductive effects contribute to the rates of C-H oxidation by dioxiranes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620615','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620615"><span>Component <span class="hlt">Release</span> and Mechanical Properties of Endodontic Sealers following Incorporation of Antimicrobial Agents.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gjorgievska, Elizabeta S; Nicholson, John W; Coleman, Nichola J; Booth, Samantha; Dimkov, Aleksandar; Hurt, Andrew</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Root canal sealers with antimicrobial activity are highly beneficial; therefore, their antimicrobial properties could be improved by incorporation of antimicrobial agents. In the present study, the <span class="hlt">release</span> of the quaternary ammonium compounds from endodontic sealers admixed with either benzalkonium chloride (BC) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at loadings of 2% wt was monitored. The effect of these <span class="hlt">additives</span> on the compressive strengths and their <span class="hlt">release</span> from the sealers was determined after 1 and 4 weeks. All of the materials studied were found to be capable of <span class="hlt">releasing</span> antimicrobial <span class="hlt">additive</span> in useful quantities. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of CPC occurred to a statistically significant greater extent than BC for all materials. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of both BC and CPC generally decreased the compressive strength of all the endodontic sealers, with the exception of CPC in AH Plus, where the compressive strength was significantly increased. This suggests that, for these endodontic sealers, the antimicrobial <span class="hlt">additives</span> alter the setting chemistry. AH Plus is an epoxy-based material cured with an amine, and in this case the increase in compressive strength with CPC is attributed to an enhanced cure reaction with this system. In all other cases, the <span class="hlt">additive</span> inhibited the cure reaction to a greater or lesser extent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5460388','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5460388"><span>Component <span class="hlt">Release</span> and Mechanical Properties of Endodontic Sealers following Incorporation of Antimicrobial Agents</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nicholson, John W.; Coleman, Nichola J.; Booth, Samantha; Dimkov, Aleksandar</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Root canal sealers with antimicrobial activity are highly beneficial; therefore, their antimicrobial properties could be improved by incorporation of antimicrobial agents. In the present study, the <span class="hlt">release</span> of the quaternary ammonium compounds from endodontic sealers admixed with either benzalkonium chloride (BC) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at loadings of 2% wt was monitored. The effect of these <span class="hlt">additives</span> on the compressive strengths and their <span class="hlt">release</span> from the sealers was determined after 1 and 4 weeks. All of the materials studied were found to be capable of <span class="hlt">releasing</span> antimicrobial <span class="hlt">additive</span> in useful quantities. The <span class="hlt">release</span> of CPC occurred to a statistically significant greater extent than BC for all materials. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of both BC and CPC generally decreased the compressive strength of all the endodontic sealers, with the exception of CPC in AH Plus, where the compressive strength was significantly increased. This suggests that, for these endodontic sealers, the antimicrobial <span class="hlt">additives</span> alter the setting chemistry. AH Plus is an epoxy-based material cured with an amine, and in this case the increase in compressive strength with CPC is attributed to an enhanced cure reaction with this system. In all other cases, the <span class="hlt">additive</span> inhibited the cure reaction to a greater or lesser extent. PMID:28620615</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/884678','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/884678"><span>Modeling of Fission Gas <span class="hlt">Release</span> in UO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>MH Krohn</p> <p>2006-01-23</p> <p>A two-stage gas <span class="hlt">release</span> model was examined to determine if it could provide a physically realistic and accurate model for fission gas <span class="hlt">release</span> under Prometheus conditions. The single-stage Booth model [1], which is often used to calculate fission gas <span class="hlt">release</span>, is considered to be oversimplified and not representative of the mechanisms that occur during fission gas <span class="hlt">release</span>. Two-stage gas <span class="hlt">release</span> models require saturation at the grain boundaries before gas is <span class="hlt">release</span>, leading to a time delay in <span class="hlt">release</span> of gases generated in the fuel. Two versions of a two-stage model developed by Forsberg and Massih [2] were implemented using Mathcadmore » [3]. The original Forsbers and Massih model [2] and a modified version of the Forsberg and Massih model that is used in a commercially available fuel performance code (FRAPCON-3) [4] were examined. After an examination of these models, it is apparent that without further development and validation neither of these models should be used to calculate fission gas <span class="hlt">release</span> under Prometheus-type conditions. There is too much uncertainty in the input parameters used in the models. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>. the data used to tune the modified Forsberg and Massih model (FRAPCON-3) was collected under commercial reactor conditions, which will have higher fission rates relative to Prometheus conditions [4].« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5537851','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5537851"><span>Lack of <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Effects of Resveratrol and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Restriction in the Treatment of Hepatic Steatosis in Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Aguirre, Leixuri; Rolo, Anabela P.; Palmeira, Carlos M.; Portillo, María P.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The aims of the present study were to analyze the effect of resveratrol on liver steatosis in obese rats, to compare the effects induced by resveratrol and <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction and to research potential <span class="hlt">additive</span> effects. Rats were initially fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for six weeks and then allocated in four experimental groups fed a standard diet: a control group, a resveratrol-treated group, an <span class="hlt">energy</span> restricted group and a group submitted to <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction and treated with resveratrol. We measured liver triacylglycerols, transaminases, FAS, MTP, CPT1a, CS, COX, SDH and ATP synthase activities, FATP2/FATP5, DGAT2, PPARα, SIRT1, UCP2 protein expressions, ACC and AMPK phosphorylation and PGC1α deacetylation. Resveratrol reduced triacylglycerols compared with the controls, although this reduction was lower than that induced by <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction. The mechanisms of action were different. Both decreased protein expression of fatty acid transporters, thus suggesting reduced fatty acid uptake from blood stream and liver triacylglycerol delivery, but only <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction reduced the assembly. These results show that resveratrol is useful for liver steatosis treatment within a balanced diet, although its effectiveness is lower than that of <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction. However, resveratrol is unable to increase the reduction in triacylglycerol content induced by <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction. PMID:28696376</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696376','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696376"><span>Lack of <span class="hlt">Additive</span> Effects of Resveratrol and <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Restriction in the Treatment of Hepatic Steatosis in Rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Milton-Laskibar, Iñaki; Aguirre, Leixuri; Fernández-Quintela, Alfredo; Rolo, Anabela P; Soeiro Teodoro, João; Palmeira, Carlos M; Portillo, María P</p> <p>2017-07-11</p> <p>The aims of the present study were to analyze the effect of resveratrol on liver steatosis in obese rats, to compare the effects induced by resveratrol and <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction and to research potential <span class="hlt">additive</span> effects. Rats were initially fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for six weeks and then allocated in four experimental groups fed a standard diet: a control group, a resveratrol-treated group, an <span class="hlt">energy</span> restricted group and a group submitted to <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction and treated with resveratrol. We measured liver triacylglycerols, transaminases, FAS, MTP, CPT1a, CS, COX, SDH and ATP synthase activities, FATP2/FATP5, DGAT2, PPARα, SIRT1, UCP2 protein expressions, ACC and AMPK phosphorylation and PGC1α deacetylation. Resveratrol reduced triacylglycerols compared with the controls, although this reduction was lower than that induced by <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction. The mechanisms of action were different. Both decreased protein expression of fatty acid transporters, thus suggesting reduced fatty acid uptake from blood stream and liver triacylglycerol delivery, but only <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction reduced the assembly. These results show that resveratrol is useful for liver steatosis treatment within a balanced diet, although its effectiveness is lower than that of <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction. However, resveratrol is unable to increase the reduction in triacylglycerol content induced by <span class="hlt">energy</span> restriction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800034194&hterms=fusion+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dfusion%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800034194&hterms=fusion+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dfusion%2Benergy"><span>Development of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage units for spacecraft cryogenic coolers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Richter, R.; Mahefkey, E. T.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Thermal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Storage Units were developed for storing thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> required for operating Vuilleumier cryogenic space coolers. In the course of the development work the thermal characteristics of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage material was investigated. By three distinctly different methods it was established that ternary salts did not <span class="hlt">release</span> fusion <span class="hlt">energy</span> as determined by ideality at the melting point of the eutectic salt. Phase change <span class="hlt">energy</span> was <span class="hlt">released</span> over a relatively wide range of temperature with a large change in volume. This strongly affects the amount of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> that is available to the Vuilleumier cryogenic cooler at its operating temperature range and the amount of thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> that can be stored and <span class="hlt">released</span> during a single storage cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3523065','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3523065"><span>Lubiprostone stimulates small intestinal mucin <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background Lubiprostone is a synthetic bicyclic fatty acid derivative of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) used for chronic constipation. The best known action of lubiprostone is simulation of Cl- dependent fluid secretion. In a mouse model of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, we previously showed that in vivo administration of lubiprostone resulted in greater mucus accumulation in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to directly test whether lubiprostone stimulates intestinal mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Methods Mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> was measured by mounting segments (4-5 cm) of mouse proximal-mid small intestine in an organ bath, allowing access to the perfusate (luminal) and the bath (serosal) solutions. Nifedipine (10-6 M) and indomethacin (10-5 M) were included in all solutions to inhibit smooth muscle activity and endogenous prostaglandin production, respectively. The tissue was equilibrated under flow for 30 min, using the perfusate collected during the final 10 min of the equilibration period to measure unstimulated <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Stimulus was then added to either the perfusate or the bath and the perfusate was collected for another 30 min to measure the stimulated mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Mucin in perfusates was quantified by periodic acid-Schiff's base dot-blot assay, using purified pig gastric mucin as a standard. Results When applied luminally at 1 μM lubiprostone was ineffective at stimulating mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. When added to the serosal solution, 1 μM lubiprostone stimulated mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> to ~300% of the unstimulated rate. As a positive control, serosal 1 μM prostaglandin E2 increased mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> to ~400% of the unstimulated rate. Conclusions These results support the idea that lubiprostone has prostaglandin-like actions on the intestine, which includes stimulation of mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Stimulation of mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> by lubiprostone may be protective in gastrointestinal conditions where loss of mucus is believed to contribute to pathogenesis. Thus, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to chronic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130661','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130661"><span>Lubiprostone stimulates small intestinal mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Lisle, Robert C</p> <p>2012-11-06</p> <p>Lubiprostone is a synthetic bicyclic fatty acid derivative of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) used for chronic constipation. The best known action of lubiprostone is simulation of Cl- dependent fluid secretion. In a mouse model of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, we previously showed that in vivo administration of lubiprostone resulted in greater mucus accumulation in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to directly test whether lubiprostone stimulates intestinal mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> was measured by mounting segments (4-5 cm) of mouse proximal-mid small intestine in an organ bath, allowing access to the perfusate (luminal) and the bath (serosal) solutions. Nifedipine (10-6 M) and indomethacin (10-5 M) were included in all solutions to inhibit smooth muscle activity and endogenous prostaglandin production, respectively. The tissue was equilibrated under flow for 30 min, using the perfusate collected during the final 10 min of the equilibration period to measure unstimulated <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Stimulus was then added to either the perfusate or the bath and the perfusate was collected for another 30 min to measure the stimulated mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Mucin in perfusates was quantified by periodic acid-Schiff's base dot-blot assay, using purified pig gastric mucin as a standard. When applied luminally at 1 μM lubiprostone was ineffective at stimulating mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. When added to the serosal solution, 1 μM lubiprostone stimulated mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> to ~300% of the unstimulated rate. As a positive control, serosal 1 μM prostaglandin E2 increased mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> to ~400% of the unstimulated rate. These results support the idea that lubiprostone has prostaglandin-like actions on the intestine, which includes stimulation of mucin <span class="hlt">release</span>. Stimulation of mucin <span class="hlt">release</span> by lubiprostone may be protective in gastrointestinal conditions where loss of mucus is believed to contribute to pathogenesis. Thus, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to chronic constipation, there is greater potential for the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087974','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087974"><span>Sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> carrier for adenosine triphosphate as signaling molecule.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wischke, Christian; Weigel, Judith; Bulavina, Larisa; Lendlein, Andreas</p> <p>2014-12-10</p> <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule with a fascinating variety of intracellular and extracellular biological functions that go far beyond <span class="hlt">energy</span> metabolism. Due to its limited passive diffusion through biological membranes, controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> systems may allow to interact with ATP-mediated extracellular processes. In this study, two <span class="hlt">release</span> systems were explored to evaluate the capacity for either long-term or short-term <span class="hlt">release</span>: (i) Poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA) implant rods were capable of ATP <span class="hlt">release</span> over days to weeks, depending on the PLGA molecular weight and end-group capping, but were also associated with partial hydrolytic degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP, but not adenosine. (ii) Thermosensitive methylcellulose hydrogels with a gelation occurring at body temperature allowed combining adjustable loading levels and the capacity for injection, with injection forces less than 50N even for small 27G needles. Finally, a first in vitro study illustrated purinergic-triggered response of primary murine microglia to ATP <span class="hlt">released</span> from hydrogels, demonstrating the potential relevance for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28069223','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28069223"><span>Sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> formulations of citronella oil nanoemulsion using cavitational techniques.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Agrawal, Naveen; Maddikeri, Ganesh L; Pandit, Aniruddha B</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Nanoemulsion synthesis has proven to be an effective way for transportation of immobile, insoluble bioactive compounds. Citronella Oil (lemongrass oil), a natural plant extract, can be used as a mosquito repellent and has less harmful effects compared to its available market counterpart DEET (N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide). Nanoemulsion of citronella oil in water was prepared using cavitation-assisted techniques while investigating the effect of system parameters like HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance), surfactant concentration, input <span class="hlt">energy</span> density and mode of power input on emulsion quality. The present work also examines the effect of emulsification on <span class="hlt">release</span> rate to understand the relationship between droplet size and the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate. Minimum droplet size (60nm) of the emulsion was obtained at HLB of 14, S/O 1 ratio of 1.0, ultrasound amplitude of 50% and irradiation time of 5min. This study revealed that hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted emulsification is more <span class="hlt">energy</span> efficient compared to ultrasonic emulsification. It was also found that the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of nanoemulsion enhanced as the droplet size of emulsion reduced. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=334187&keyword=Durango&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=334187&keyword=Durango&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Simulating the Fate and Transport of an Acid Mine Drainage <span class="hlt">Release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>On August 5, 2015, approximately 3 million gallons of acid mine drainage were <span class="hlt">released</span> from the Gold King Mine into Cement Creek in the San Juan River watershed (CO, NM, UT). The <span class="hlt">release</span> further mobilized <span class="hlt">additional</span> metals, which resulted in a large mass of solids and dissolved m...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27704758','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27704758"><span><span class="hlt">Additively</span> Manufactured Macroporous Titanium with Silver-<span class="hlt">Releasing</span> Micro-/Nanoporous Surface for Multipurpose Infection Control and Bone Repair - A Proof of Concept.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jia, Zhaojun; Xiu, Peng; Xiong, Pan; Zhou, Wenhao; Cheng, Yan; Wei, Shicheng; Zheng, Yufeng; Xi, Tingfei; Cai, Hong; Liu, Zhongjun; Wang, Caimei; Zhang, Weiping; Li, Zhijiang</p> <p>2016-10-26</p> <p>Restoring large-scale bone defects, where osteogenesis is slow while infections lurk, with biomaterials represents a formidable challenge in orthopedic clinics. Here, we propose a scaffold-based multipurpose anti-infection and bone repairing strategy to meet such restorative needs. To do this, personalized multifunctional titanium meshes were produced through an advanced <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing process and dual "TiO 2 -poly(dopamine)/Ag (nano)" post modifications, yielding macroporous constructs with micro-/nanoporous walls and nanosilver bullets immobilized/embedded therein. Ultrahigh loading capacity and durable <span class="hlt">release</span> of Ag + were accomplished. The scaffolds were active against planktonic/adherent bacteria (Gram-negative and positive) for up to 12 weeks. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, they not only defended themselves from biofilm colonization but also helped destroy existing biofilms, especially in combination with antibiotics. Further, the osteoblasts/bacteria coculture study displayed that the engineered surfaces aided MG-63 cells to combat bacterial invasion. Meanwhile, the scaffolds elicited generally acceptable biocompatibility (cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability) and hastened osteoblast differentiation and maturation (alkaline phosphatase production, matrix secretion, and calcification), by synergy of micro-/nanoscale topological cues and bioactive catecholamine chemistry. Although done ex vivo, these studies reveal that our three-in-one strategy (infection prophylaxis, infection fighting, and bone repair) has great potential to simultaneously prevent/combat infections and bridge defected bone. This work provides new thoughts to the use of enabling technologies to design biomaterials that resolve unmet clinical needs.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3498203','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3498203"><span>Concomitant <span class="hlt">Release</span> of Ventral Tegmental Acetylcholine and Accumbal Dopamine by Ghrelin in Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jerlhag, Elisabet; Janson, Anna Carin; Waters, Susanna; Engel, Jörgen A.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, regulates <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance specifically via hypothalamic circuits. Growing evidence suggest that ghrelin increases the incentive value of motivated behaviours via activation of the cholinergic-dopaminergic reward link. It encompasses the cholinergic afferent projection from the laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) to the dopaminergic cells of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the mesolimbic dopamine system projecting from the VTA to nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.). Ghrelin receptors (GHS-R1A) are expressed in these reward nodes and ghrelin administration into the LDTg increases accumbal dopamine, an effect involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the VTA. The present series of experiments were undertaken directly to test this hypothesis. Here we show that ghrelin, administered peripherally or locally into the LDTg concomitantly increases ventral tegmental acetylcholine as well as accumbal dopamine <span class="hlt">release</span>. A GHS-R1A antagonist blocks this synchronous neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> induced by peripheral ghrelin. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, local perfusion of the unselective nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine into the VTA blocks the ability of ghrelin (administered into the LDTg) to increase N.Acc.-dopamine, but not VTA-acetylcholine. Collectively our data indicate that ghrelin activates the LDTg causing a <span class="hlt">release</span> of acetylcholine in the VTA, which in turn activates local nicotinic acetylcholine receptors causing a <span class="hlt">release</span> of accumbal dopamine. Given that a dysfunction in the cholinergic-dopaminergic reward system is involved in addictive behaviours, including compulsive overeating and alcohol use disorder, and that hyperghrelinemia is associated with such addictive behaviours, ghrelin-responsive circuits may serve as a novel pharmacological target for treatment of alcohol use disorder as well as binge eating. PMID:23166710</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29305745','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29305745"><span>Evaluation of peptides <span class="hlt">release</span> using a natural rubber latex biomembrane as a carrier.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miranda, M C R; Borges, F A; Barros, N R; Santos Filho, N A; Mendonça, R J; Herculano, R D; Cilli, E M</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The biomembrane natural (NRL-Natural Rubber Latex), manipulated from the latex obtained from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, has shown great potential for application in biomedicine and biomaterials. Reflecting the biocompatibility and low bounce rate of this material, NRL has been used as a physical barrier to infectious agents and for the controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of drugs and extracts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incorporation and <span class="hlt">release</span> of peptides using a latex biomembrane carrier. After incorporation, the <span class="hlt">release</span> of material from the membrane was observed using spectrophotometry. Analyses using HPLC and mass spectroscopy did not confirm the <span class="hlt">release</span> of the antimicrobial peptide [W 6 ]Hylin a1 after 24 h. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, analysis of the <span class="hlt">release</span> solution showed new compounds, indicating the degradation of the peptide by enzymes contained in the latex. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, the <span class="hlt">release</span> of a peptide with a shorter sequence (Ac-WAAAA) was evaluated, and degradation was not observed. These results showed that the use of NRL as solid matrices as delivery systems of peptide are sequence dependent and could to be evaluated for each sequence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.......382B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.......382B"><span>Fluoride <span class="hlt">release</span>, recharge, and re-<span class="hlt">release</span> from four orthodontic bonding systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bouvier, Amy Johanna</p> <p></p> <p>Objectives: To determine the amount of initial fluoride <span class="hlt">release</span> from four orthodontic bonding systems over a period of four weeks, and then to subject these materials to an external source of fluoride for recharge in order to measure the amount of fluoride re-<span class="hlt">release</span> over another four-week interval. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span> the surface morphology of these materials was analyzed under the scanning electron microscope in order to identify microscopic changes in the materials that may have occurred during the experiment. Methods: Four orthodontic adhesives: Fuji Ortho LC (GC America, Alsip, IL), Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA), Illuminate Light Cure (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, CA), and Opal Seal with Opal Bond MV (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT), n=120 (30/material) were tested for fluoride <span class="hlt">release</span> at 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. Samples (10/subgroup/material) were then recharged with an external source of fluoride (toothpaste, foam, or varnish), and retested for fluoride re-<span class="hlt">release</span> at 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. The scanning electron microscope was utilized in order to assess each material's surface morphology before testing and after completion of the experiment (n=16). Descriptive statistics, means and standard deviations were calculated for all four materials and their subgroups at each time interval. A mixed model two-way ANOVA was run, using a level of significance of 0.05. Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were conducted using if groups were found to be statistically significantly different. To determine significant differences between fluoride <span class="hlt">release</span> and re-<span class="hlt">release</span> for each recharge subgroup within each material group, paired t-tests were performed for the time intervals of 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. For the paired t-tests, the level of significance used was 0.02 to allow for Bonferroni correction. Results: During the initial 24 hours the fluoride measurements (in mg/L or ppm) were as</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6066811','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6066811"><span>Correlation of recent fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kress, T.S.; Lorenz, R.A.; Nakamura, T.</p> <p></p> <p>For the calculation of source terms associated with severe accidents, it is necessary to model the <span class="hlt">release</span> of fission products from fuel as it heats and melts. Perhaps the most definitive model for fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> is that of the FASTGRASS computer code developed at Argonne National Laboratory. There is persuasive evidence that these processes, as well as <span class="hlt">additional</span> chemical and gas phase mass transport processes, are important in the <span class="hlt">release</span> of fission products from fuel. Nevertheless, it has been found convenient to have simplified fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> correlations that may not be as definitive as models like FASTGRASS butmore » which attempt in some simple way to capture the essence of the mechanisms. One of the most widely used such correlation is called CORSOR-M which is the present fission product/aerosol <span class="hlt">release</span> model used in the NRC Source Term Code Package. CORSOR has been criticized as having too much uncertainty in the calculated <span class="hlt">releases</span> and as not accurately reproducing some experimental data. It is currently believed that these discrepancies between CORSOR and the more recent data have resulted because of the better time resolution of the more recent data compared to the data base that went into the CORSOR correlation. This document discusses a simple correlational model for use in connection with NUREG risk uncertainty exercises. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4932776','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4932776"><span>The effect of platform switching on the levels of metal ion <span class="hlt">release</span> from different implant–abutment couples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Alrabeah, Ghada O; Knowles, Jonathan C; Petridis, Haralampos</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The improved peri-implant bone response demonstrated by platform switching may be the result of reduced amounts of metal ions <span class="hlt">released</span> to the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of metal ions <span class="hlt">released</span> from platform-matched and platform-switched implant–abutment couples as a result of accelerated corrosion. Thirty-six titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and cobalt–chrome alloy abutments were coupled with titanium cylinders forming either platform-switched or platform-matched groups (n=6). In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, 18 unconnected samples served as controls. The specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion by static immersion in 1% lactic acid for 1 week. The amount of metal ions ion of each test tube was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and <span class="hlt">energy</span> dispersive spectroscopy X-ray analyses were performed pre- and post-immersion to assess corrosion at the interface. The platform-matched groups demonstrated higher ion <span class="hlt">release</span> for vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, chrome, and molybdenum compared with the platform-switched groups (P<0.05). Titanium was the highest element to be <span class="hlt">released</span> regardless of abutment size or connection (P<0.05). SEM images showed pitting corrosion prominent on the outer borders of the implant and abutment platform surfaces. In conclusion, implant–abutment couples underwent an active corrosion process resulting in metal ions <span class="hlt">release</span> into the surrounding environment. The highest amount of metal ions <span class="hlt">released</span> was recorded for the platform-matched groups, suggesting that platform-switching concept has a positive effect in reducing the levels of metal ion <span class="hlt">release</span> from the implant–abutment couples. PMID:27357323</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PApGe.161.2405Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PApGe.161.2405Y"><span>Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR), Accelerating Moment/<span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span> (AM/ER) and State Vector Saltation as Precursors to Failure of Rock Specimens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, Xiang-Chu; Yu, Huai-Zhong; Kukshenko, Victor; Xu, Zhao-Yong; Wu, Zhishen; Li, Min; Peng, Keyin; Elizarov, Surgey; Li, Qi</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>In order to verify some precursors such as LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) and AER (Accelerating <span class="hlt">Energy</span> <span class="hlt">Release</span>) before large earthquakes or macro-fracture in heterogeneous brittle media, four acoustic emission experiments involving large rock specimens under tri-axial stress, have been conducted. The specimens were loaded in two ways: monotonous or cycling. The experimental results confirm that LURR and AER are precursors of macro-fracture in brittle media. A new measure called the state vector has been proposed to describe the damage evolution of loaded rock specimens.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19905150','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19905150"><span>Binding free <span class="hlt">energy</span> and counterion <span class="hlt">release</span> for adsorption of the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B on a POPG membrane.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tolokh, Igor S; Vivcharuk, Victor; Tomberli, Bruno; Gray, C G</p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the interaction of an anionic palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) bilayer with the cationic antimicrobial peptide bovine lactoferricin (LFCinB) in a 100 mM NaCl solution at 310 K. The interaction of LFCinB with a POPG bilayer is employed as a model system for studying the details of membrane adsorption selectivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Seventy eight 4 ns MD production run trajectories of the equilibrated system, with six restrained orientations of LFCinB at 13 different separations from the POPG membrane, are generated to determine the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> profile for the peptide as a function of the distance between LFCinB and the membrane surface. To calculate the profile for this relatively large system, a variant of constrained MD and thermodynamic integration is used. A simplified method for relating the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> profile to the LFCinB-POPG membrane binding constant is employed to predict a free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of adsorption of -5.4+/-1.3 kcal/mol and a corresponding maximum adsorption binding force of about 58 pN. We analyze the results using Poisson-Boltzmann theory. We find the peptide-membrane attraction to be dominated by the entropy increase due to the <span class="hlt">release</span> of counterions and polarized water from the region between the charged membrane and peptide, as the two approach each other. We contrast these results with those found earlier for adsorption of LFCinB on the mammalianlike palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine membrane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvE..80c1911T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvE..80c1911T"><span>Binding free <span class="hlt">energy</span> and counterion <span class="hlt">release</span> for adsorption of the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B on a POPG membrane</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tolokh, Igor S.; Vivcharuk, Victor; Tomberli, Bruno; Gray, C. G.</p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the interaction of an anionic palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) bilayer with the cationic antimicrobial peptide bovine lactoferricin (LFCinB) in a 100 mM NaCl solution at 310 K. The interaction of LFCinB with a POPG bilayer is employed as a model system for studying the details of membrane adsorption selectivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Seventy eight 4 ns MD production run trajectories of the equilibrated system, with six restrained orientations of LFCinB at 13 different separations from the POPG membrane, are generated to determine the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> profile for the peptide as a function of the distance between LFCinB and the membrane surface. To calculate the profile for this relatively large system, a variant of constrained MD and thermodynamic integration is used. A simplified method for relating the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> profile to the LFCinB-POPG membrane binding constant is employed to predict a free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of adsorption of -5.4±1.3kcal/mol and a corresponding maximum adsorption binding force of about 58 pN. We analyze the results using Poisson-Boltzmann theory. We find the peptide-membrane attraction to be dominated by the entropy increase due to the <span class="hlt">release</span> of counterions and polarized water from the region between the charged membrane and peptide, as the two approach each other. We contrast these results with those found earlier for adsorption of LFCinB on the mammalianlike palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine membrane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA563470','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA563470"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> & Energetics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-06-22</p> <p>mechanical and structural failure and decomposition in ultra-fast time regimes. Our research teams are exploring novel ways to convert mechanical ...<span class="hlt">energy</span> to thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> by examining initiation mechanisms , multi-phase combustion, detonation and the mechanisms that lead to the <span class="hlt">release</span> of <span class="hlt">energy</span>...understanding of the mechanisms of structural stability by doping Fe in LiCoPO4 and effectiveness of HFiP in stopping further oxidation of electrolytes are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781576','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781576"><span>Effect of Nisin's Controlled <span class="hlt">Release</span> on Microbial Growth as Modeled for Micrococcus luteus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Balasubramanian, Aishwarya; Lee, Dong Sun; Chikindas, Michael L; Yam, Kit L</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>The need for safe food products has motivated food scientists and industry to find novel technologies for antimicrobial delivery for improving food safety and quality. Controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> packaging is a novel technology that uses the package to deliver antimicrobials in a controlled manner and sustain antimicrobial stress on the targeted microorganism over the required shelf life. This work studied the effect of controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of nisin to inhibit growth of Micrococcus luteus (a model microorganism) using a computerized syringe pump system to mimic the <span class="hlt">release</span> of nisin from packaging films which was characterized by an initially fast rate and a slower rate as time progressed. The results show that controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of nisin was strikingly more effective than instantly added ("formulated") nisin. While instant <span class="hlt">addition</span> experiments achieved microbial inhibition only at the beginning, controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> experiments achieved complete microbial inhibition for a longer time, even when as little as 15% of the amount of nisin was used as compared to instant <span class="hlt">addition</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/reports/2012/energyusage/','EIAPUBS'); return false;" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/reports/2012/energyusage/"><span>2012 Commercial Buildings <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Consumption Survey: <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Usage Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/reports/">EIA Publications</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>EIA has <span class="hlt">released</span> summary tables providing <span class="hlt">energy</span> consumption estimates from the 2012 CBECS. The data show that despite a 14% increase in total buildings and a 22% increase in total floorspace since 2003, <span class="hlt">energy</span> use in the estimated 5.6 million U.S. commercial buildings was up just 7% during the same period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693822','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693822"><span>Fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> restorative materials and secondary caries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hicks, John; Garcia-Godoy, Franklin; Donly, Kevin; Flaitz, Catherine</p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p>Secondary caries is responsible for 60 percent of all replacement restorations in the typical dental practice. Risk factors for secondary caries are similar to those for primary caries development. Unfortunately, it is not possible to accurately predict which patients are at risk for restoration failure. During the past several decades, fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> dental materials have become a part of the dentist's armamentarium. Considerable fluoride is <span class="hlt">released</span> during the setting reaction and for periods up to eight years following restoration placement. This <span class="hlt">released</span> fluoride is readily taken up by the cavosurface tooth structure, as well as the enamel and root surfaces adjacent to the restoration. Resistance against caries along the cavosurface and the adjacent smooth surface has been shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> dental materials provide for improved resistance against primary and secondary caries in coronal and root surfaces. Plaque and salivary fluoride levels are elevated to a level that facilitates remineralization. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the fluoride <span class="hlt">released</span> to dental plaque adversely affects the growth of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci by interference with bacterial enzyme systems. Fluoride recharging of these dental materials is readily achieved with fluoridated toothpastes, fluoride mouthrinses, and other sources of topical fluoride. This allows fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> dental materials to act as intraoral fluoride reservoirs. The improvement in the properties of dental materials with the ability to <span class="hlt">release</span> fluoride has improved dramatically in the past decade, and it is anticipated that in the near future the vast majority of restorative procedures will employ fluoride-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> dental materials as bonding agents, cavity liners, luting agents, adhesives for orthodontic brackets, and definitive restoratives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR41B2704B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMMR41B2704B"><span>Real-time noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> signaling rock deformation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bauer, S. J.; Gardner, W. P.; Lee, H.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We present empirical results/relationships of rock strain, microfracture density, acoustic emissions, and noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> from laboratory triaxial experiments for a granite and basalt. Noble gases are contained in most crustal rock at inter/intra granular sites, their <span class="hlt">release</span> during natural and manmade stress and strain changes represents a signal of brittle/semi brittle deformation. The gas composition depends on lithology, geologic history and age, fluids present, and uranium, thorium and potassium-40 concentrations in the rocks that affect radiogenic noble gases (helium, argon) production. Noble gas emission and its relationship to crustal processes have been studied, including correlations to tectonic velocities and qualitative estimates of deep permeability from surface measurements, finger prints of nuclear weapon detonation, and as potential precursory signals to earthquakes attributed to gas <span class="hlt">release</span> due to pre-seismic stress, dilatancy and/or rock fracturing. Helium emission has been shown as a precursor of volcanic activity. Real-time noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> is observed using an experimental system utilizing mass spectrometers to measure gases <span class="hlt">released</span> during triaxial rock deformation. Noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> is shown to represent a sensitive precursor signal of rock deformation by relating real-time noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> to stress-strain state changes and acoustic emissions. We propose using noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> to also signal rock deformation in boreholes, mines and nuclear waste repositories. We postulate each rock exhibits a gas <span class="hlt">release</span> signature which is microstructure, stress/strain state, and or permanent deformation dependent. Such relationships, when calibrated, may be used to sense rock deformation and then develop predictive models. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp., for the US Dept. of <span class="hlt">Energy</span>'s National Nuclear Security Administration under</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JNR....20...33S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JNR....20...33S"><span>A nanomaterial <span class="hlt">release</span> model for waste shredding using a Bayesian belief network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shandilya, Neeraj; Ligthart, Tom; van Voorde, Imelda; Stahlmecke, Burkhard; Clavaguera, Simon; Philippot, Cecile; Ding, Yaobo; Goede, Henk</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The shredding of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and other products, incorporated with nanomaterials, can lead to a substantial <span class="hlt">release</span> of nanomaterials. Considering the uncertainty, complexity, and scarcity of experimental data on <span class="hlt">release</span>, we present the development of a Bayesian belief network (BBN) model. This baseline model aims to give a first prediction of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of nanomaterials (excluding nanofibers) during their mechanical shredding. With a focus on the description of the model development methodology, we characterize nanomaterial <span class="hlt">release</span> in terms of number, size, mass, and composition of <span class="hlt">released</span> particles. Through a sensitivity analysis of the model, we find the material-specific parameters like affinity of nanomaterials to the matrix of the composite and their state of dispersion inside the matrix to reduce the nanomaterial <span class="hlt">release</span> up to 50%. The shredder-specific parameters like number of shafts in a shredder and input and output size of the material for shredding could minimize it up to 98%. The comparison with two experimental test cases shows promising outcome on the prediction capacity of the model. As <span class="hlt">additional</span> experimental data on nanomaterial <span class="hlt">release</span> becomes available, the model is able to further adapt and update risk forecasts. When adapting the model with <span class="hlt">additional</span> expert beliefs, experts should be selected using criteria, e.g., substantial contribution to nanomaterial and/or particulate matter <span class="hlt">release</span>-related scientific literature, the capacity and willingness to contribute to further development of the BBN model, and openness to accepting deviating opinions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990018552&hterms=management+maintenance&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dmanagement%2Bmaintenance','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990018552&hterms=management+maintenance&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dmanagement%2Bmaintenance"><span>Understanding and Predicting the Process of Software Maintenance <span class="hlt">Releases</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Basili, Victor; Briand, Lionel; Condon, Steven; Kim, Yong-Mi; Melo, Walcelio L.; Valett, Jon D.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>One of the major concerns of any maintenance organization is to understand and estimate the cost of maintenance <span class="hlt">releases</span> of software systems. Planning the next <span class="hlt">release</span> so as to maximize the increase in functionality and the improvement in quality are vital to successful maintenance management. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a case study in which an incremental approach was used to better understand the effort distribution of <span class="hlt">releases</span> and build a predictive effort model for software maintenance <span class="hlt">releases</span>. This study was conducted in the Flight Dynamics Division (FDD) of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(GSFC). This paper presents three main results: 1) a predictive effort model developed for the FDD's software maintenance <span class="hlt">release</span> process; 2) measurement-based lessons learned about the maintenance process in the FDD; and 3) a set of lessons learned about the establishment of a measurement-based software maintenance improvement program. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, this study provides insights and guidelines for obtaining similar results in other maintenance organizations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701714','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701714"><span>Doxorubicin <span class="hlt">Release</span> Controlled by Induced Phase Separation and Use of a Co-Solvent.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, Seok Chan; Yuan, Yue; Choi, Kyoungju; Choi, Seong-O; Kim, Jooyoun</p> <p>2018-04-26</p> <p>Electrospun-based drug delivery is emerging as a versatile means of localized therapy; however, controlling the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of active agents still remains as a key question. We propose a facile strategy to control the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior from electrospun fibers by a simple modification of polymer matrices. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as a major component of the drug-carrier, and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) was used as a model drug. The influences of a polar co-solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a hydrophilic polymer <span class="hlt">additive</span>, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), on the drug miscibility, loading efficiency and <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior were investigated. The use of DMSO enabled the homogeneous internalization of the drug as well as higher drug loading efficiency within the electrospun fibers. The PVP <span class="hlt">additive</span> induced phase separation in the PLA matrix and acted as a porogen. Preferable partitioning of Dox into the PVP domain resulted in increased drug loading efficiency in the PLA/PVP fiber. Fast dissolution of PVP domains created pores in the fibers, facilitating the <span class="hlt">release</span> of internalized Dox. The novelty of this study lies in the detailed experimental investigation of the effect of <span class="hlt">additives</span> in pre-spinning formulations, such as co-solvents and polymeric porogens, on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior of nanofibers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5978058','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5978058"><span>Doxorubicin <span class="hlt">Release</span> Controlled by Induced Phase Separation and Use of a Co-Solvent</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Park, Seok Chan; Choi, Kyoungju; Choi, Seong-O</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Electrospun-based drug delivery is emerging as a versatile means of localized therapy; however, controlling the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of active agents still remains as a key question. We propose a facile strategy to control the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior from electrospun fibers by a simple modification of polymer matrices. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as a major component of the drug-carrier, and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) was used as a model drug. The influences of a polar co-solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a hydrophilic polymer <span class="hlt">additive</span>, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), on the drug miscibility, loading efficiency and <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior were investigated. The use of DMSO enabled the homogeneous internalization of the drug as well as higher drug loading efficiency within the electrospun fibers. The PVP <span class="hlt">additive</span> induced phase separation in the PLA matrix and acted as a porogen. Preferable partitioning of Dox into the PVP domain resulted in increased drug loading efficiency in the PLA/PVP fiber. Fast dissolution of PVP domains created pores in the fibers, facilitating the <span class="hlt">release</span> of internalized Dox. The novelty of this study lies in the detailed experimental investigation of the effect of <span class="hlt">additives</span> in pre-spinning formulations, such as co-solvents and polymeric porogens, on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> behavior of nanofibers. PMID:29701714</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title18-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title18-vol1-sec33-10.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title18-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title18-vol1-sec33-10.pdf"><span>18 CFR 33.10 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. 33.10 Section 33.10 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> REGULATORY COMMISSION... § 33.10 <span class="hlt">Additional</span> information. The Director of the Office of <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Market Regulation, or his designee...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JNuM..438S.967B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JNuM..438S.967B"><span>TMAP-7 simulation of D2 thermal <span class="hlt">release</span> data from Be co-deposited layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baldwin, M. J.; Schwarz-Selinger, T.; Yu, J. H.; Doerner, R. P.</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>The efficacy of (1) bake-out at 513 K and 623 K, and (2) thermal transient (10 ms) loading to up to 1000 K, is explored for reducing D inventory in 1 μm thick Be-D (D/Be ˜0.1) co-deposited layers formed at 323 K for experiment (1) and ˜500 K for experiment (2). D <span class="hlt">release</span> data from co-deposits are obtained by thermal desorption and used to validate a model input into the Tritium Migration & Analysis Program 7 (TMAP). In (1), good agreement with experiment is found for a TMAP model encorporating traps of activation <span class="hlt">energies</span>, 0.80 eV and 0.98 eV, whereas an <span class="hlt">additional</span> 2 eV trap was required to model experiment (2). Thermal <span class="hlt">release</span> is found to be trap limited, but simulations are optimal when surface recombination is taken into account. Results suggest that thick built-up co-deposited layers will hinder ITER inventory control, and that bake periods (˜1 day) will be more effective in inventory reduction than transient thermal loading.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4072318','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4072318"><span>Carbon monoxide – physiology, detection and controlled <span class="hlt">release</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Heinemann, Stefan H.; Hoshi, Toshinori; Westerhausen, Matthias</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is increasingly recognized as a cell-signalling molecule akin to nitric oxide (NO). CO has attracted particular attention as a potential therapeutic agent because of its reported anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects. We discuss recent progress in identifying new effector systems and elucidating the mechanisms of action of CO on, e.g., ion channels, as well as the design of novel methods to monitor CO in cellular environments. We also report on recent developments in the area of CO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> molecules (CORMs) and materials for controlled CO application. Novel triggers for CO <span class="hlt">release</span>, metal carbonyls and degradation mechanisms of CORMs, are highlighted. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, potential formulations of CORMs for targeted CO <span class="hlt">release</span> are discussed. PMID:24556640</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1302732','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1302732"><span>Forces and Pressures in DNA Packaging and <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Viral Capsids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tzlil, Shelly; Kindt, James T.; Gelbart, William M.; Ben-Shaul, Avinoam</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>In a previous communication (Kindt et al., 2001) we reported preliminary results of Brownian dynamics simulation and analytical theory which address the packaging and ejection forces involving DNA in bacteriophage capsids. In the present work we provide a systematic formulation of the underlying theory, featuring the energetic and structural aspects of the strongly confined DNA. The free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the DNA chain is expressed as a sum of contributions from its encapsidated and <span class="hlt">released</span> portions, each expressed as a sum of bending and interstrand <span class="hlt">energies</span> but subjected to different boundary conditions. The equilibrium structure and <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the capsid-confined and free chain portions are determined, for each ejected length, by variational minimization of the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> with respect to their shape profiles and interaxial spacings. Numerical results are derived for a model system mimicking the λ-phage. We find that the fully encapsidated genome is highly compressed and strongly bent, forming a spool-like condensate, storing enormous elastic <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The elastic stress is rapidly <span class="hlt">released</span> during the first stage of DNA injection, indicating the large force (tens of pico Newtons) needed to complete the (inverse) loading process. The second injection stage sets in when ∼1/3 of the genome has been <span class="hlt">released</span>, and the interaxial distance has nearly reached its equilibrium value (corresponding to that of a relaxed torus in solution); concomitantly the encapsidated genome begins a gradual morphological transformation from a spool to a torus. We also calculate the loading force, the average pressure on the capsid's walls, and the anisotropic pressure profile within the capsid. The results are interpreted in terms of the (competing) bending and interaction components of the packing <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data. PMID:12609865</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12609865','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12609865"><span>Forces and pressures in DNA packaging and <span class="hlt">release</span> from viral capsids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tzlil, Shelly; Kindt, James T; Gelbart, William M; Ben-Shaul, Avinoam</p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p>In a previous communication (Kindt et al., 2001) we reported preliminary results of Brownian dynamics simulation and analytical theory which address the packaging and ejection forces involving DNA in bacteriophage capsids. In the present work we provide a systematic formulation of the underlying theory, featuring the energetic and structural aspects of the strongly confined DNA. The free <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the DNA chain is expressed as a sum of contributions from its encapsidated and <span class="hlt">released</span> portions, each expressed as a sum of bending and interstrand <span class="hlt">energies</span> but subjected to different boundary conditions. The equilibrium structure and <span class="hlt">energy</span> of the capsid-confined and free chain portions are determined, for each ejected length, by variational minimization of the free <span class="hlt">energy</span> with respect to their shape profiles and interaxial spacings. Numerical results are derived for a model system mimicking the lambda-phage. We find that the fully encapsidated genome is highly compressed and strongly bent, forming a spool-like condensate, storing enormous elastic <span class="hlt">energy</span>. The elastic stress is rapidly <span class="hlt">released</span> during the first stage of DNA injection, indicating the large force (tens of pico Newtons) needed to complete the (inverse) loading process. The second injection stage sets in when approximately 1/3 of the genome has been <span class="hlt">released</span>, and the interaxial distance has nearly reached its equilibrium value (corresponding to that of a relaxed torus in solution); concomitantly the encapsidated genome begins a gradual morphological transformation from a spool to a torus. We also calculate the loading force, the average pressure on the capsid's walls, and the anisotropic pressure profile within the capsid. The results are interpreted in terms of the (competing) bending and interaction components of the packing <span class="hlt">energy</span>, and are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29944181','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29944181"><span>Photocontrol of Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span> from Supramolecular Hydrogels with Green Light.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karcher, Johannes; Pianowski, Zbigniew</p> <p>2018-06-26</p> <p>Photoresponsive smart materials transform light <span class="hlt">energy</span> into sophisticated functions. They find increasing biomedical applications in light-induced drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and photopharmacology, as they can locally provide the desired therapeutic effect due to precise spatiotemporal dosage control. However, the majority of reported studies rely on cytotoxic UV light that poorly penetrates tissues. Here we report the first drug-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> system based on photochromic low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels that is triggered with visible light. We demonstrated green-light-induced <span class="hlt">release</span> of structurally unmodified antibiotic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory drugs under physiological conditions. Using the antibiotic-loaded gel, we selectively inhibited bacterial growth with green light. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25280715','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25280715"><span>Controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of folic acid through liquid-crystalline folate nanoparticles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Misra, Rahul; Katyal, Henna; Mohanty, Sanat</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The present study explores folate nanoparticles as nano-carriers for controlled drug delivery. Cross-linked nanoparticles of liquid crystalline folates are composed of ordered stacks. This paper shows that the folate nanoparticles can be made with less than 5% loss in folate ions. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, this study shows that folate nanoparticles can disintegrate in a controlled fashion resulting in controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of the folate ions. <span class="hlt">Release</span> can be controlled by the size of nanoparticles, the extent of cross-linking and the choice of cross-linking cation. The effect of different factors like agitation, pH, and temperature on folate <span class="hlt">release</span> was also studied. Studies were also carried out to show the effect of <span class="hlt">release</span> medium and role of ions in the <span class="hlt">release</span> medium on disruption of folate assembly. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902038"><span>Leaching of <span class="hlt">additives</span> from construction materials to urban storm water runoff.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Burkhardt, M; Zuleeg, S; Vonbank, R; Schmid, P; Hean, S; Lamani, X; Bester, K; Boller, M</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Urban water management requires further clarification about pollutants in storm water. Little is known about the <span class="hlt">release</span> of organic <span class="hlt">additives</span> used in construction materials and the impact of these compounds to storm water runoff. We investigated sources and pathways of <span class="hlt">additives</span> used in construction materials, i.e., biocides in facades' render as well as root protection products in bitumen membranes for rooftops. Under wet-weather conditions, the concentrations of diuron, terbutryn, carbendazim, irgarol 1051 (all from facades) and mecoprop in storm water and receiving water exceeded the predicted no-effect concentrations values and the Swiss water quality standard of 0.1 microg/L. Under laboratory conditions maximum concentrations of <span class="hlt">additives</span> were in the range of a few milligrams and a few hundred micrograms per litre in runoff of facades and bitumen membranes. Runoff from aged materials shows approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower concentrations. Concentrations decreased also during individual runoff events. In storm water and receiving water the occurrence of <span class="hlt">additives</span> did not follow the typical first flush model. This can be explained by the <span class="hlt">release</span> lasting over the time of rainfall and the complexity of the drainage network. Beside the amounts used, the impact of construction materials containing hazardous <span class="hlt">additives</span> on water quality is related clearly to the age of the buildings and the separated sewer network. The development of improved products regarding <span class="hlt">release</span> of hazardous <span class="hlt">additives</span> is the most efficient way of reducing the pollutant load from construction materials in storm water runoff.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137775','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137775"><span>Controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> of tetracycline-HCl from halloysite-polymer composite films.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ward, Christopher J; Song, Shang; Davis, Edward W</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>The first direct comparison between two common methods for loading halloysite with a small molecule for controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> is presented. While the methods differ in the degree of simplicity, they provide essentially the same level of loading and <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics. A tentative explanation of the "burst" effect often seen in the <span class="hlt">release</span> of low molecular weight molecules from halloysite is provided. The ability of halloysite to mediate the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of a water soluble drug, tetracycline, from solution cast polyvinyl alcohol and polymethyl methacrylate films was evaluated. In some films, montmorillonite was also incorporated. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of montmorillonite to solutions used to cast tetracycline containing films significantly reduced the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate from the dried films. The same overall effect was seen when the drug was loaded into halloysite prior to preparation of the films. In both cases, the <span class="hlt">release</span> was best fit with the simple Higuchi model. However, when montmorillonite was added to solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and drug loaded halloysite the <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles were better fit by the Ritgar-Peppas model for anomalous transport. <span class="hlt">Release</span> from polymethyl methacrylate was reduced by a factor of three by incorporating the drug in halloysite prior to producing the films.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR43D0492B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR43D0492B"><span>Noble Gas <span class="hlt">Release</span> Signal as a Precursor to Fracture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bauer, S. J.; Lee, H.; Gardner, W. P.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We present empirical results of rock strain, microfracturing, acoustic emissions, and noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> from laboratory triaxial experiments for a granite, basalt, shale and bedded rock salt. Noble gases are <span class="hlt">released</span> and measured real-time during deformation using mass spectrometry. The gas <span class="hlt">release</span> represents a precursive signal to macrofracture. Gas <span class="hlt">release</span> is associated with increased acoustic emissions indicating that microfracturing is required to <span class="hlt">release</span> gas and create pathways for the gas to be sensed. The gas <span class="hlt">released</span> depends on initial gas content, pore structure and its evolution during deformation, the deformation amount, matrix permeability, deformation style and the stress/strain history. Gases are <span class="hlt">released</span> from inter and intracrystalline sites; <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increases as strain and microfracturing increases. The gas composition depends on lithology, geologic history and age, fluids present, and radioisotope concentrations that affect radiogenic noble gas isotope (e.g. 4He,40Ar) production. Noble gas emission and its relationship to crustal processes such as seismicity and volcanism, tectonic velocities, qualitative estimates of deep permeability, age dating of groundwater, and a signature of nuclear weapon detonation. Our result show that mechanical deformation of crustal materials is an important process controlling gas <span class="hlt">release</span> from rocks and minerals, and should be considered in techniques which utilize gas <span class="hlt">release</span> and/or accumulation. We propose using noble gas <span class="hlt">release</span> to signal rock deformation in boreholes, mines and waste repositories. We postulate each rock exhibits a gas <span class="hlt">release</span> signature which is microstructure, stress, strain, and/or permanent deformation dependent. Calibration of such relationships, for example relating gas <span class="hlt">release</span> per rock unit volume to strain may be used to quantify rock deformation and develop predictive models.Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141528','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141528"><span>Beta-phenylethylamine stimulates striatal acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span> through activation of the AMPA glutamatergic pathway.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ishida, Kota; Murata, Mikio; Kato, Masatoshi; Utsunomiya, Iku; Hoshi, Keiko; Taguchi, Kyoji</p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>Using an in vivo intra-striatal microdialysis technique, we examined the effects of systemically administered beta-phenylethylamine (beta-PEA), a psychomotor stimulating trace amine, on striatal acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span> in freely moving rats. Infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA; 10(-5) M) significantly increased acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span>. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, locally applied amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisozasole-4-propionic acid (AMPA; 10(-5) M) significantly increased acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span> in the striatum. Intra-striatal application of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 10(-5) M), an AMPA-type glutamatergic receptor antagonist, had little effect on acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span>, while application of MK-801 (10(-5) M, 10(-6) M), an NMDA-type glutamatergic receptor antagonist, significantly reduced acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span>. Acetylcholine within striatal perfusate was significantly increased by intraperitoneal administration of beta-PEA in a dose-dependent manner. This increase in acetylcholine <span class="hlt">release</span> was completely blocked by application of CNQX (10(-5) M) through the microdialysis probe into the striatum. However, increased acetylcholine response to systemic beta-PEA was unaltered by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of MK-801 to the perfusion medium. These results suggest a regulatory function of beta-PEA, mediated by AMPA-type glutamatergic receptors, on the <span class="hlt">release</span> of acetylcholine in the rat striatum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930053293&hterms=barium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbarium','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930053293&hterms=barium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dbarium"><span>Measurements of the time constant for steady ionization in shaped-charge barium <span class="hlt">releases</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hoch, Edward L.; Hallinan, Thomas J.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Quantitative measurements of three solar illuminated shaped-charge barium <span class="hlt">releases</span> injected at small angles to the magnetic field were made using a calibrated color television camera. Two of the <span class="hlt">releases</span> were from 1989. The third <span class="hlt">release</span>, a reanalysis of an event included in Hallinan's 1988 study of three 1986 <span class="hlt">releases</span>, was included to provide continuity between the two studies. Time constants for ionization, measured during the first 25 s of each <span class="hlt">release</span>, were found to vary considerably. The two 1989 time constants differed substantially, and both were significantly less than any of the 1986 time constants. On the basis of this variability, we conclude that the two 1989 <span class="hlt">releases</span> showed evidence of continuous nonsolar ionization. One <span class="hlt">release</span> showed nonsolar ionization which could not he attributed to Alfven's critical ionization velocity process, which requires a component of velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field providing a perpendicular <span class="hlt">energy</span> greater than the ionization potential.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JChPh.148j4113J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JChPh.148j4113J"><span>Non-<span class="hlt">additive</span> non-interacting kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> of rare gas dimers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Kaili; Nafziger, Jonathan; Wasserman, Adam</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Approximations of the non-<span class="hlt">additive</span> non-interacting kinetic <span class="hlt">energy</span> (NAKE) as an explicit functional of the density are the basis of several electronic structure methods that provide improved computational efficiency over standard Kohn-Sham calculations. However, within most fragment-based formalisms, there is no unique exact NAKE, making it difficult to develop general, robust approximations for it. When adjustments are made to the embedding formalisms to guarantee uniqueness, approximate functionals may be more meaningfully compared to the exact unique NAKE. We use numerically accurate inversions to study the exact NAKE of several rare-gas dimers within partition density functional theory, a method that provides the uniqueness for the exact NAKE. We find that the NAKE decreases nearly exponentially with atomic separation for the rare-gas dimers. We compute the logarithmic derivative of the NAKE with respect to the bond length for our numerically accurate inversions as well as for several approximate NAKE functionals. We show that standard approximate NAKE functionals do not reproduce the correct behavior for this logarithmic derivative and propose two new NAKE functionals that do. The first of these is based on a re-parametrization of a conjoint Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. The second is a simple, physically motivated non-decomposable NAKE functional that matches the asymptotic decay constant without fitting.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19740039','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19740039"><span>Development and in vitro evaluation of mesalamine delayed <span class="hlt">release</span> pellets and tableted reservoir-type pellets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bendas, Ehab R; Christensen, J Mark; Ayres, James W</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>The basic objective of this study was to develop a novel technique that aids in compaction of coated pellets into tablets and obtain a <span class="hlt">release</span> pattern from compressed pellets resembling the same pattern before compression. Multi-unit dosage forms of mesalamine targeted to the colon were formulated by extrusion-spheronization, and then coated with Eudragit S (30%). These pellets were filled into gelatin capsules or further formulated and compressed into tablets. Tablets for colonic delivery of mesalamine were prepared by mixing the coated beads with cushioning agents like stearic acid and Explotab, or by applying an <span class="hlt">additional</span> coat of gelatin (4% weight gain) onto the Eudragit S coated pellets, and then compressing into tablets (tableted reservoir-type pellets). Then <span class="hlt">additional</span> coating of the tablets prepared by the coating technique was applied utilizing Eudragit L 100-55 (5% weight gain). This technique provides <span class="hlt">additive</span> protection for the coated beads to withstand the compression force during tableting. Excellent in vitro dissolution results were obtained, which were comparable to the results of the <span class="hlt">release</span> of mesalamine from uncompressed beads filled in capsules. Mesalamine <span class="hlt">release</span> from the capsules was 0.3% after 2 hours in gastric pH, 0.37% was <span class="hlt">released</span> after an <span class="hlt">additional</span> 1 hour in pH 6, and 89% was <span class="hlt">released</span> after 1.5 hours in colonic pH 7.2. Various formulation and process parameters have to be optimized in order to obtain tableted reservoir-type pellets having the same <span class="hlt">release</span> properties as the uncompressed pellets. The coating technique delays the <span class="hlt">release</span> of mesalamine until the beads reach the terminal ileum and colon. Once <span class="hlt">released</span> in the colon, mesalamine is minimally absorbed and can act locally to treat ulcerative colitis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26878636','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26878636"><span>Arsenic <span class="hlt">release</span> from Floridan Aquifer rock during incubations simulating aquifer storage and recovery operations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jin, Jin; Zimmerman, Andrew R; Norton, Stuart B; Annable, Michael D; Harris, Willie G</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>While aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is becoming widely accepted as a way to address water supply shortages, there are concerns that it may lead to <span class="hlt">release</span> of harmful trace elements such as arsenic (As). Thus, mechanisms of As <span class="hlt">release</span> from limestone during ASR operations were investigated using 110-day laboratory incubations of core material collected from the Floridan Aquifer, with treatment <span class="hlt">additions</span> of labile or refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) or microbes. During the first experimental phase, core materials were equilibrated with native groundwater lacking in DO to simulate initial non-perturbed anaerobic aquifer conditions. Then, ASR was simulated by replacing the native groundwater in the incubations vessels with DO-rich ASR source water, with DOM or microbes added to some treatments. Finally, the vessels were opened to the atmosphere to mimic oxidizing conditions during later stages of ASR. Arsenic was <span class="hlt">released</span> from aquifer materials, mainly during transitional periods at the beginning of each incubation stage. Most As <span class="hlt">released</span> was during the initial anaerobic experimental phase via reductive dissolution of Fe oxides in the core materials, some or all of which may have formed during the core storage or sample preparation period. Oxidation of As-bearing Fe sulfides <span class="hlt">released</span> smaller amounts of As during the start of later aerobic experimental phases. <span class="hlt">Additions</span> of labile DOM fueled microbially-mediated reactions that mobilized As, while the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of refractory DOM did not, probably due to mineral sorption of DOM that made it unavailable for microbial utilization or metal chelation. The results suggest that oscillations of groundwater redox conditions, such as might be expected to occur during an ASR operation, are the underlying cause of enhanced As <span class="hlt">release</span> in these systems. Further, ASR operations using DOM-rich surface waters may not necessarily lead to <span class="hlt">additional</span> As <span class="hlt">releases</span>. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25424362','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25424362"><span>The physical properties and ion <span class="hlt">release</span> of CPP-ACP-modified calcium silicate-based cements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dawood, A E; Manton, D J; Parashos, P; Wong, Rhk; Palamara, Jea; Stanton, D P; Reynolds, E C</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This study investigated the physical properties and ion <span class="hlt">release</span> of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and compared the properties of a trial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with two commercially available CSCs, Biodentine(™) and Angelus(®) MTA. The setting time, solubility, compressive strength and Vickers surface microhardness of the three CSCs incorporated with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP were investigated. <span class="hlt">Release</span> of calcium (Ca(2+) ), phosphate ions (Pi ) and pH of the test cements were measured after 24, 72, 168 and 336 h of storage. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of up to 1.0% CPP-ACP into Biodentine(™) and 0.5% into the other cements did not adversely affect their physical properties except for the setting time. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 0.5% CPP-ACP increased Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">released</span> from Biodentine(™) (after 168 and 336 h), Angelus(®) MTA (after 168 h) and the trial MTA (after 72 h). The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 1.0-3.0% CPP-ACP increased Ca(2+) and Pi <span class="hlt">released</span> from all the cements. Biodentine(™) <span class="hlt">released</span> more Ca(2+) particularly in the early stages and showed shorter setting time and higher mechanical properties than the other cements. The mechanical properties of Angelus(®) MTA and the trial MTA were similar. All the cements produced highly alkaline storage solutions. Up to 1.0% CPP-ACP in Biodentine(™) improves Ca(2+) and Pi <span class="hlt">release</span> and 0.5% CPP-ACP in Angelus(®) MTA and the trial MTA improves Ca(2+) <span class="hlt">release</span> without altering the mechanical properties and solubility. The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of CPP-ACP into CSCs prolonged the setting time. © 2015 Australian Dental Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756281','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756281"><span>Quantifying the mode II critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of borate bioactive glass coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Matinmanesh, A; Li, Y; Clarkin, O; Zalzal, P; Schemitsch, E H; Towler, M R; Papini, M</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Bioactive glasses have been used as coatings for biomedical implants because they can be formulated to promote osseointegration, antibacterial behavior, bone formation, and tissue healing through the incorporation and subsequent <span class="hlt">release</span> of certain ions. However, shear loading on coated implants has been reported to cause the delamination and loosening of such coatings. This work uses a recently developed fracture mechanics testing methodology to quantify the critical strain <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> rate under nearly pure mode II conditions, G IIC , of a series of borate-based glass coating/Ti6Al4V alloy substrate systems. Incorporating increasing amounts of SrCO 3 in the glass composition was found to increase the G IIC almost twofold, from 25.3 to 46.9J/m 2 . The magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in the coating were quantified, and it was found that the residual stresses in all cases distributed uniformly over the cross section of the coating. The crack was driven towards, but not into, the glass/Ti6Al4V substrate interface due to the shear loading. This implied that the interface had a higher fracture toughness than the coating itself. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3339652','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3339652"><span>Role of GABA <span class="hlt">Release</span> From Leptin Receptor-Expressing Neurons in Body Weight Regulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xu, Yuanzhong; O'Brien, William G.; Lee, Cheng-Chi; Myers, Martin G.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>It is well established that leptin regulates <span class="hlt">energy</span> balance largely through isoform B leptin receptor-expressing neurons (LepR neurons) in the brain and that leptin activates one subset of LepR neurons (leptin-excited neurons) while inhibiting the other (leptin-inhibited neurons). However, the neurotransmitters <span class="hlt">released</span> from LepR neurons that mediate leptin action in the brain are not well understood. Previous results demonstrate that leptin mainly acts on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons to reduce body weight, and that leptin activates proopiomelanocortin neuron activity by reducing GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> onto these neurons, suggesting a body weight-promoting role for GABA <span class="hlt">released</span> from leptin-inhibited neurons. To directly examine the role of GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> from LepR neurons in body weight regulation, mice with disruption of GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> specifically from LepR neurons were generated by deletion of vesicular GABA transporter in LepR neurons. Interestingly, these mice developed mild obesity on chow diet and were sensitive to diet-induced obesity, which were associated with higher food intake and lower <span class="hlt">energy</span> expenditure. Moreover, these mice showed blunted responses in both food intake and body weight to acute leptin administration. These results demonstrate that GABA plays an important role in mediating leptin action. In combination with the previous studies that leptin reduces GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> onto proopiomelanocortin neurons through leptin-inhibited neurons and that disruption of GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> from agouti gene-related protein neurons, one subset of LepR-inhibited neurons, leads to a lean phenotype, our results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, GABA <span class="hlt">release</span> from leptin-excited neuron dominates over leptin-inhibited ones. PMID:22334723</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3075550','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3075550"><span>INSECT FAT BODY: <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span>, METABOLISM, AND REGULATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Arrese, Estela L.; Soulages, Jose L.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and <span class="hlt">release</span> <span class="hlt">energy</span> in response to the <span class="hlt">energy</span> demands of the insect. Insects store <span class="hlt">energy</span> reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. Insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides <span class="hlt">energy</span> needed during extended nonfeeding periods. This review focuses on <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage and <span class="hlt">release</span> and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes in insects. PMID:19725772</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996NIMPB.126..170L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996NIMPB.126..170L"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> from ISOLDE molten metal targets under pulsed proton beam conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lettry, J.; Catherall, R.; Cyvoct, G.; Evensen, A. H. M.; Lindroos, M.; Jonsson, O. C.; Kugler, E.; Schindl, K.; Ravn, H.; Wildner, E.; Drumm, P.; Obert, J.; Putaux, J. C.; Sauvage, J.</p> <p>1996-04-01</p> <p>By moving the ISOLDE mass separators from the 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron (SC) to the 1 GeV Proton-Synchrotron-Booster (PS) the instantaneous <span class="hlt">energy</span> density of the proton beam went up by 3 orders of magnitude. The developments of the molten metal target units and the optimization of the PS proton beam to cope with the effects of the thermal shocks induced by the proton beam are described. The <span class="hlt">energy</span> density of the PS proton beam was reduced by spatial defocusing and time staggered extraction of the four PS-accelerators. The <span class="hlt">release</span> from lanthanum, lead and tin targets is discussed for different settings of the proton beam and compared to the <span class="hlt">release</span> observed at ISOLDE-SC. The yields of Hg isotopes are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.664b2006B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.664b2006B"><span>The ALICE Software <span class="hlt">Release</span> Validation cluster</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Berzano, D.; Krzewicki, M.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>One of the most important steps of software lifecycle is Quality Assurance: this process comprehends both automatic tests and manual reviews, and all of them must pass successfully before the software is approved for production. Some tests, such as source code static analysis, are executed on a single dedicated service: in High <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Physics, a full simulation and reconstruction chain on a distributed computing environment, backed with a sample “golden” dataset, is also necessary for the quality sign off. The ALICE experiment uses dedicated and virtualized computing infrastructures for the <span class="hlt">Release</span> Validation in order not to taint the production environment (i.e. CVMFS and the Grid) with non-validated software and validation jobs: the ALICE <span class="hlt">Release</span> Validation cluster is a disposable virtual cluster appliance based on CernVM and the Virtual Analysis Facility, capable of deploying on demand, and with a single command, a dedicated virtual HTCondor cluster with an automatically scalable number of virtual workers on any cloud supporting the standard EC2 interface. Input and output data are externally stored on EOS, and a dedicated CVMFS service is used to provide the software to be validated. We will show how the <span class="hlt">Release</span> Validation Cluster deployment and disposal are completely transparent for the <span class="hlt">Release</span> Manager, who simply triggers the validation from the ALICE build system's web interface. CernVM 3, based entirely on CVMFS, permits to boot any snapshot of the operating system in time: we will show how this allows us to certify each ALICE software <span class="hlt">release</span> for an exact CernVM snapshot, addressing the problem of Long Term Data Preservation by ensuring a consistent environment for software execution and data reprocessing in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202961','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202961"><span>Effects of the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of methyltestosterone to combined hormone therapy with estrogens and progestogens on sexual <span class="hlt">energy</span> and on orgasm in postmenopausal women.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Penteado, S R Lenharo; Fonseca, A M; Bagnoli, V R; Abdo, C H Najar; Júnior, J M Soares; Baracat, E Chada</p> <p>2008-02-01</p> <p>To evaluate the effect of the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of methyltestosterone to estrogen and progestogen therapy on postmenopausal sexual <span class="hlt">energy</span> and orgasm. Sixty postmenopausal women in a stable relationship with a partner capable of intercourse, and presenting sexual complaints that appeared after menopause, were randomly divided into two groups: EP (n = 29) received one tablet of equine estrogens (CEE) 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg and one capsule of placebo; EP + A (n = 31) received one tablet of CEE 0.625 mg plus MPA 2.5 mg and one capsule of methyltestosterone 2.0 mg; The treatment period was 12 months. The effects of treatment on sexual <span class="hlt">energy</span> were assessed using the Sexual <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Change Scale. The ability to reach orgasm in sexual relations with the partner was verified through monthly calendars and by calculating the ratio between monthly frequency of orgasms in sexual relations and monthly sexual frequency. There was a significant relationship between improvement in level of sexual <span class="hlt">energy</span> and the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of methyltestosterone to CEE/MPA treatment (p = 0.021). No significant effect on orgasmic capacity was noted after the treatment period. <span class="hlt">Addition</span> of methyltestosterone to CEE/MPA therapy may increase sexual <span class="hlt">energy</span>, but might not affect the ability to obtain orgasm in sexual relations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6453450-modeling-energy-release-systems-from-otec-plants','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6453450-modeling-energy-release-systems-from-otec-plants"><span>Modeling of <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> systems from OTEC plants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Denno, K.</p> <p>1983-12-01</p> <p>This paper presents analytical scope for the controlling functions of OTEC operation for the ultimate production of sizable bulk ..delta..T as well as H/sub 2/, N/sub 2/ and NH/sub 3/. The controlling parametric functions include the oceanic and ammonia Reynolds numbers which depend implicitly and explicitly on the ocean water velocity, mass-volume, duration of ..delta..T extraction, and the inlet and outlet water temperatures internally and externally. Solutions for the oceanic and amonia Reynolds numbers have been established setting the deciding constraints on water velocity, boundary temperatures, mass-volume as well as other plant parameters. Linkage between OTEC plant and other conventionalmore » as well as advanced <span class="hlt">energy</span> systems has been expressed in terms of a set of balance and coordinating <span class="hlt">energy</span> equations.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3419072','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3419072"><span>Transient early neurotrophin <span class="hlt">release</span> and delayed inflammatory cytokine <span class="hlt">release</span> by microglia in response to PAR-2 stimulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Activated microglia exerts both beneficial and deleterious effects on neurons, but the signaling mechanism controlling these distinct responses remain unclear. We demonstrated that treatment of microglial cultures with the PAR-2 agonist, 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2, evoked early transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of BDNF, while sustained PAR-2 stimulation evoked the delayed <span class="hlt">release</span> of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and nitric oxide. Culture medium harvested during the early phase (at 1 h) of microglial activation induced by 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 (microglial conditioned medium, MCM) had no deleterious effects on cultured neurons, while MCM harvested during the late phase (at 72 h) promoted DNA fragmentation and apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL and annexin/PI staining. Blockade of PAR-1 during the early phase of PAR-2 stimulation enhanced BDNF <span class="hlt">release</span> (by 11%, small but significant) while a PAR-1 agonist added during the late phase (24 h after 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 <span class="hlt">addition</span>) suppressed the <span class="hlt">release</span> of cytokines and NO. The neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of activated microglial exhibit distinct temporal profiles that are regulated by PAR-1 and PAR-2 stimulation. It may be possible to facilitate neuronal recovery and repair by appropriately timed stimulation and inhibition of microglial PAR-1 and PAR-2 receptors. PMID:22731117</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22731117','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22731117"><span>Transient early neurotrophin <span class="hlt">release</span> and delayed inflammatory cytokine <span class="hlt">release</span> by microglia in response to PAR-2 stimulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Chen-Wen; Chen, Qian-Bo; Ouyang, Qing; Sun, Ji-Hu; Liu, Fang-Ting; Song, Dian-Wen; Yuan, Hong-Bin</p> <p>2012-06-25</p> <p>Activated microglia exerts both beneficial and deleterious effects on neurons, but the signaling mechanism controlling these distinct responses remain unclear. We demonstrated that treatment of microglial cultures with the PAR-2 agonist, 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2, evoked early transient <span class="hlt">release</span> of BDNF, while sustained PAR-2 stimulation evoked the delayed <span class="hlt">release</span> of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β and TNF-α) and nitric oxide. Culture medium harvested during the early phase (at 1 h) of microglial activation induced by 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 (microglial conditioned medium, MCM) had no deleterious effects on cultured neurons, while MCM harvested during the late phase (at 72 h) promoted DNA fragmentation and apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL and annexin/PI staining. Blockade of PAR-1 during the early phase of PAR-2 stimulation enhanced BDNF <span class="hlt">release</span> (by 11%, small but significant) while a PAR-1 agonist added during the late phase (24 h after 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 <span class="hlt">addition</span>) suppressed the <span class="hlt">release</span> of cytokines and NO. The neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of activated microglial exhibit distinct temporal profiles that are regulated by PAR-1 and PAR-2 stimulation. It may be possible to facilitate neuronal recovery and repair by appropriately timed stimulation and inhibition of microglial PAR-1 and PAR-2 receptors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26241753','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26241753"><span>Kinetics of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from ointments: Role of transient-boundary layer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Xiaoming; Al-Ghabeish, Manar; Krishnaiah, Yellela S R; Rahman, Ziyaur; Khan, Mansoor A</p> <p>2015-10-15</p> <p>In the current work, an in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> testing method suitable for ointment formulations was developed using acyclovir as a model drug. <span class="hlt">Release</span> studies were carried out using enhancer cells on acyclovir ointments prepared with oleaginous, absorption, and water-soluble bases. Kinetics and mechanism of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was found to be highly dependent on the type of ointment bases. In oleaginous bases, drug <span class="hlt">release</span> followed a unique logarithmic-time dependent profile; in both absorption and water-soluble bases, drug <span class="hlt">release</span> exhibited linearity with respect to square root of time (Higuchi model) albeit differences in the overall <span class="hlt">release</span> profile. To help understand the underlying cause of logarithmic-time dependency of drug <span class="hlt">release</span>, a novel transient-boundary hypothesis was proposed, verified, and compared to Higuchi theory. Furthermore, impact of drug solubility (under various pH conditions) and temperature on drug <span class="hlt">release</span> were assessed. <span class="hlt">Additionally</span>, conditions under which deviations from logarithmic-time drug <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics occur were determined using in situ UV fiber-optics. Overall, the results suggest that for oleaginous ointments containing dispersed drug particles, kinetics and mechanism of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> is controlled by expansion of transient boundary layer, and drug <span class="hlt">release</span> increases linearly with respect to logarithmic time. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155151','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155151"><span>Metal <span class="hlt">release</span> and speciation of <span class="hlt">released</span> chromium from a biomedical CoCrMo alloy into simulated physiologically relevant solutions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hedberg, Yolanda; Odnevall Wallinder, Inger</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of <span class="hlt">released</span> Co, Cr(III), Cr(VI), and Mo from a biomedical high-carbon CoCrMo alloy exposed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), without and with the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of 10 µM H2 O2 (PBS + H2 O2 ), and 10 g L(-1) bovine serum albumin (PBS + BSA) for time periods up to 28 days. Comparative studies were made on AISI 316L for the longest time period. No Cr(VI) <span class="hlt">release</span> was observed for any of the alloys in either PBS or PBS + H2 O2 at open-circuit potential (no applied potential). However, at applied potentials (0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl), Cr was primarily <span class="hlt">released</span> as Cr(VI). Co was preferentially <span class="hlt">released</span> from the CoCrMo alloy at no applied potential. As a consequence, Cr was enriched in the utmost surface oxide reducing the extent of metal <span class="hlt">release</span> over time. This passivation effect was accelerated in PBS + H2 O2 . As previously reported for 316L, BSA may also enhance metal <span class="hlt">release</span> from CoCrMo. However, this was not possible to verify due to the precipitation of metal-protein complexes with reduced metal concentrations in solution as a consequence. This was particularly important for Co-BSA complexes after sufficient time and resulted in an underestimation of metals in solution. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol1-sec50-83.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title10-vol1-sec50-83.pdf"><span>10 CFR 50.83 - <span class="hlt">Release</span> of part of a power reactor facility or site for unrestricted use.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Release</span> of part of a power reactor facility or site for... of a power reactor facility or site for unrestricted use. (a) Prior written NRC approval is required... <span class="hlt">release</span>. Nuclear power reactor licensees seeking NRC approval shall— (1) Evaluate the effect of <span class="hlt">releasing</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec50-83.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title10-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title10-vol1-sec50-83.pdf"><span>10 CFR 50.83 - <span class="hlt">Release</span> of part of a power reactor facility or site for unrestricted use.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 10 <span class="hlt">Energy</span> 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false <span class="hlt">Release</span> of part of a power reactor facility or site for... of a power reactor facility or site for unrestricted use. (a) Prior written NRC approval is required... <span class="hlt">release</span>. Nuclear power reactor licensees seeking NRC approval shall— (1) Evaluate the effect of <span class="hlt">releasing</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10677806','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10677806"><span>Development of matrix-based theophylline sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> microtablets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rey, H; Wagner, K G; Wehrlé, P; Schmidt, P C</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Microtablets containing high theophylline content (from 60% to 80%) based on a Eudragit RS PO matrix were produced on a rotary tablet press. The influence of the compaction pressure, the plasticizer content used for the granulation of theophylline particles, and the amount of theophylline on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> were investigated. The effects of surface area and the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of magnesium stearate as a hydrophobic agent on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> were studied. The storage stabilities of the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate at room temperature and at 50 degrees C were also determined. Dissolution profiles expressed as percentage of theophylline dissolved were obtained over 8 hr in 900 ml of purified water at 37 degrees C and 75 rpm. It was observed that the compaction pressure (from 200 MPa to 250 MPa) had no effect on the theophylline <span class="hlt">release</span>. The use of triethyl citrate (TEC) as a plasticizer in the granulation of theophylline enhanced the physical properties of the microtablets. Theophylline content in the range 60% to 80% did not affect the drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. The theophylline <span class="hlt">release</span> obtained was a function of the quotient surface area/tablet weight and therefore was dependent on the tablet diameter. To reduce the dissolution rates, magnesium stearate was added in a concentration up to 50% of the matrix material. Tablets of this hydrophobic formulation fulfilled the requirements of USP 23 for theophylline sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> preparations. Storage at room temperature for 3 months and at 50 degrees C for 2 months showed no significant influence on the theophylline <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.617a2020S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.617a2020S"><span>Nitric oxide-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> polymeric nanoparticles against Trypanosoma cruzi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seabra, A. B.; Kitice, N. A.; Pelegrino, M. T.; Lancheros, C. A. C.; Yamauchi, L. M.; Pinge-Filho, P.; Yamada-Ogatta, S. F.</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), and the disease remains a major health problem in many Latin American countries. Several papers report that the killing of the parasite is dependent on the production of nitric oxide (NO). The endogenous free radical NO is an important cellular signalling molecule that plays a key role in the defense against pathogens, including T. cruzi. As T. cruzi is able to compromise host macrophages decreasing endogenous NO production, the administration of exogenous NO donors represents an interesting strategy to combat Chagas disease. Thus, the aims of this study were to prepare and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of NO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> polymeric nanoparticles against T. cruzi. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles composed of chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP) were prepared and used to encapsulate mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), which is a thiol-containing molecule. Nitrosation of free thiols (SH) groups of MSA were performed by the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of equimolar amount of sodium nitrite (NaNO2), leading to the formation of S-nitroso-MSA-containing nanoparticles. These polymeric nanoparticles act as spontaneous NO donors, with free NO <span class="hlt">release</span>. The results show the formation of nanoparticles with average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 270 to 500 nm, average of polydispersity index of 0.35, and encapsulation efficiency in the range of 99%. The NO <span class="hlt">release</span> kinetics from the S-nitroso-MSA-containing nanoparticles showed sustained and controlled NO <span class="hlt">release</span> over several hours. The microbicidal activity of S-nitroso-MSA-containing nanoparticles was evaluated by incubating NO-<span class="hlt">releasing</span> nanoparticles (200 - 600 μg/mL) with replicative and non-infective epimastigote, and non-replicative and infective trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, a significant decrease in the percentage of macrophage-infected (with amastigotes) and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110012262','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110012262"><span>Fire-Retardant Polymeric <span class="hlt">Additives</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Williams, Martha K.; Smith, Trent M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Polyhydroxyamide (PHA) and polymethoxyamide (PMeOA) are fire-retardant (FR) thermoplastic polymers and have been found to be useful as an <span class="hlt">additive</span> for imparting fire retardant properties to other compatible, thermoplastic polymers (including some elastomers). Examples of compatible flammable polymers include nylons, polyesters, and acrylics. Unlike most prior <span class="hlt">additives</span>, PHA and PMeOA do not appreciably degrade the mechanical properties of the matrix polymer; indeed, in some cases, mechanical properties are enhanced. Also, unlike some prior <span class="hlt">additives</span>, PHA and PMeOA do not decompose into large amounts of corrosive or toxic compounds during combustion and can be processed at elevated temperatures. PMeOA derivative formulations were synthesized and used as an FR <span class="hlt">additive</span> in the fabrication of polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) composites with notable reduction (>30 percent for PS) in peak heat <span class="hlt">release</span> rates compared to the neat polymer as measured by a Cone Calorimeter (ASTM E1354). Synergistic effects were noted with nanosilica composites. These nanosilica composites had more than 50-percent reduction in peak heat <span class="hlt">release</span> rates. In a typical application, a flammable thermoplastic, thermoplastic blend, or elastomer that one seeks to render flame-retardant is first dry-mixed with PHA or PMeOA or derivative thereof. The proportion of PHA or PMeOA or derivative in the mixture is typically chosen to lie between 1 and 20 weight percent. The dry blend can then be melt-extruded. The extruded polymer blend can further be extruded and/or molded into fibers, pipes, or any other of a variety of objects that may be required to be fire-retardant. The physical and chemical mechanisms which impart flame retardancy of the <span class="hlt">additive</span> include inhibiting free-radical oxidation in the vapor phase, preventing vaporization of fuel (the polymer), and cooling through the formation of chemical bonds in either the vapor or the condensed phase. Under thermal stress, the cyclic hydroxyl/ methoxy</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5452769','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5452769"><span>Fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> from fuel under LWR accident conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Osborne, M.F.; Lorenz, R.A.; Norwood, K.S.</p> <p></p> <p>Three tests have provided <span class="hlt">additional</span> data on fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> under LWR accident conditions in a temperature range (1400 to 2000/sup 0/C). In the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate data are compared with curves from a recent NRC-sponsored review of available fission product <span class="hlt">release</span> data. Although the iodine <span class="hlt">release</span> in test HI-3 was inexplicably low, the other data points for Kr, I, and Cs fall reasonably close to the corresponding curve, thereby tending to verify the NRC review. The limited data for antimony and silver <span class="hlt">release</span> fall below the curves. Results of spark source mass spectrometric analyses were in agreement with the gammamore » spectrometric results. Nonradioactive fission products such as Rb and Br appeared to behave like their chemical analogs Cs and I. Results suggest that Te, Ag, Sn, and Sb are <span class="hlt">released</span> from the fuel in elemental form. Analysis of the cesium and iodine profiles in the thermal gradient tube indicates that iodine was deposited as CsT along with some other less volatile cesium compound. The cesium profiles and chemical reactivity indicate the presence of more than one cesium species.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23708563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23708563"><span>Potential <span class="hlt">release</span> scenarios for carbon nanotubes used in composites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nowack, Bernd; David, Raymond M; Fissan, Heinz; Morris, Howard; Shatkin, Jo Anne; Stintz, Michael; Zepp, Richard; Brouwer, Derk</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p> exposure. A possibility for significant <span class="hlt">release</span> also exists during recycling operations when the polymers containing CNTs are handled together with other polymers and mainly occupational users would be exposed. It can be concluded that in general, significant <span class="hlt">release</span> of CNTs from products and articles is unlikely except in manufacturing and subsequent processing, tires, recycling, and potentially in textiles. However except for high <span class="hlt">energy</span> machining processes, most likely the resulting exposure for these scenarios will be low and to a non-pristine form of CNTs. Actual exposure studies, which quantify the amount of material <span class="hlt">released</span> should be conducted to provide further evidence for this conclusion. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203885"><span>The effect of toxins on inorganic phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> during actin polymerization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vig, Andrea; Ohmacht, Róbert; Jámbor, Eva; Bugyi, Beáta; Nyitrai, Miklós; Hild, Gábor</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>During the polymerization of actin, hydrolysis of bound ATP occurs in two consecutive steps: chemical cleavage of the high-<span class="hlt">energy</span> nucleotide and slow <span class="hlt">release</span> of the γ-phosphate. In this study the effect of phalloidin and jasplakinolide on the kinetics of P(i) <span class="hlt">release</span> was monitored during the formation of actin filaments. An enzyme-linked assay based spectrophotometric technique was used to follow the liberation of inorganic phosphate. It was verified that jasplakinolide reduced the P(i) <span class="hlt">release</span> in the same way as phalloidin. It was not possible to demonstrate long-range allosteric effects of the toxins by <span class="hlt">release</span> of P(i) from F-actin. The products of ATP hydrolysis were <span class="hlt">released</span> by denaturation of the actin filaments. HPLC analysis of the samples revealed that the ATP in the toxin-bound region was completely hydrolysed into ADP and P(i). The effect of both toxins can be sufficiently explained by local and mechanical blockade of P(i) dissociation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29580414','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29580414"><span>Natural gum-type biopolymers as potential modified nonpolar drug <span class="hlt">release</span> systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salamanca, Constain H; Yarce, Cristhian J; Moreno, Roger A; Prieto, Vanessa; Recalde, Juanita</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In this work, the relationship between surface properties and drug <span class="hlt">release</span> mechanism from binary composition tablets formed by quetiapine fumarate and biopolymer materials was studied. The biopolymers correspond to xanthan and tragacanth gums, which are projected as modified drug <span class="hlt">release</span> systems. The surface studies were carried out by the sessile drop method, while the surface free <span class="hlt">energy</span> (SFE) was determinate through Young-Dupree and OWRK semi-empirical models. On the other hand, the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> studies were performed by in vitro dissolution tests, where the data were analyzed through kinetic models of zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas. The results showed that depending on the type and the proportion of biopolymer, surface properties, and the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> processes are significantly affected, wherein tragacanth gum present a usual erosion mechanism, while xanthan gum describes a swelling mechanism that controls the <span class="hlt">release</span> of the drug. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880119','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880119"><span><span class="hlt">Energy</span> monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded-sandstone: use of acoustic emission.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wasantha, P L P; Ranjith, P G; Shao, S S</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour and <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">releasing</span> characteristics of bedded-sandstone with bedding layers in different orientations, under uniaxial compression. Cylindrical sandstone specimens (54 mm diameter and 108 mm height) with bedding layers inclined at angles of 10°, 20°, 35°, 55°, and 83° to the minor principal stress direction, were produced to perform a series of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. One of the two identical sample sets was fully-saturated with water before testing and the other set was tested under dry conditions. An acoustic emission system was employed in all the testing to monitor the acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> during the whole deformation process of specimens. From the test results, the critical joint orientation was observed as 55° for both dry and saturated samples and the peak-strength losses due to water were 15.56%, 20.06%, 13.5%, 13.2%, and 13.52% for the bedding orientations 10°, 20°, 35°, 55°, and 83°, respectively. The failure mechanisms for the specimens with bedding layers in 10°, 20° orientations showed splitting type failure, while the specimens with bedding layers in 55°, 83° orientations were failed by sliding along a weaker bedding layer. The failure mechanism for the specimens with bedding layers in 35° orientation showed a mixed failure mode of both splitting and sliding types. Analysis of the acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span>, captured from the acoustic emission detection system, revealed that the acoustic <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> is considerably higher in dry specimens than that of the saturated specimens at any bedding orientation. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, higher <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> was observed for specimens with bedding layers oriented in shallow angles (which were undergoing splitting type failures), whereas specimens with steeply oriented bedding layers (which were undergoing sliding type failures) showed a comparatively less <span class="hlt">energy</span> <span class="hlt">release</span> under both dry and saturated conditions. Moreover, a considerable amount of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920068569&hterms=Free+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DFree%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920068569&hterms=Free+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DFree%2Benergy"><span>Relationship between wave <span class="hlt">energy</span> and free <span class="hlt">energy</span> from pickup ions in the Comet Halley environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Huddleston, D. E.; Johnstone, A. D.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The free <span class="hlt">energy</span> available from the implanted heavy ion population at Comet Halley is calculated by assuming that the initial unstable velocity space ring distribution of the ions evolves toward a bispherical shell. Ultimately this free <span class="hlt">energy</span> adds to the turbulence in the solar wind. Upstream and downstream free <span class="hlt">energies</span> are obtained separately for the conditions observed along the Giotto spacecraft trajectory. The results indicate that the waves are mostly upstream propagating in the solar wind frame. The total free <span class="hlt">energy</span> density always exceeds the measured wave <span class="hlt">energy</span> density because, as expected in the nonlinear process of ion scattering, the available <span class="hlt">energy</span> is not all immediately <span class="hlt">released</span>. An estimate of the amount which has been <span class="hlt">released</span> can be obtained from the measured oxygen ion distributions and again it exceeds that observed. The theoretical analysis is extended to calculate the k spectrum of the cometary-ion-generated turbulence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9141193','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9141193"><span>The 'sniffer-patch' technique for detection of neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Allen, T G</p> <p>1997-05-01</p> <p>A wide variety of techniques have been employed for the detection and measurement of neurotransmitter <span class="hlt">release</span> from biological preparations. Whilst many of these methods offer impressive levels of sensitivity, few are able to combine sensitivity with the necessary temporal and spatial resolution required to study quantal <span class="hlt">release</span> from single cells. One detection method that is seeing a revival of interest and has the potential to fill this niche is the so-called 'sniffer-patch' technique. In this article, specific examples of the practical aspects of using this technique are discussed along with the procedures involved in calibrating these biosensors to extend their applications to provide quantitative, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to simple qualitative, measurements of quantal transmitter <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3243.photos.194678p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3243.photos.194678p/"><span>16. EAST ELEVATION OF FLOAT HOUSE AND FISH WATER <span class="hlt">RELEASE</span> ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>16. EAST ELEVATION OF FLOAT HOUSE AND FISH WATER <span class="hlt">RELEASE</span> OUTLET. PART OF <span class="hlt">ENERGY</span> DISSIPATING BAFFLE PIER SYSTEM IS VISIBLE AT LEFT. - Pit 4 Diversion Dam, Pit River west of State Highway 89, Big Bend, Shasta County, CA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3881552','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3881552"><span>Effects of solubilizing surfactants and loading of antiviral, antimicrobial, and antifungal drugs on their <span class="hlt">release</span> rates from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tallury, Padmavathy; Randall, Marcus K; Thaw, Khin L; Preisser, John S.; Kalachandra, Sid</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Objectives This study investigates the effects of surfactants and drug loading on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of nystatin from EVA was studied with <span class="hlt">addition</span> of non-ionic surfactants Tween 60 and Cremophor RH 40. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, the effect of increasing drug load on the <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of nystatin, chlorhexidine diacetate and acyclovir is also presented. Method Polymer casting solutions were prepared by stirring EVA copolymer and nystatin (2.5 wt %) in dichloromethane. Nystatin and surfactants were added in ratios of (1:1), (1:2) and (1:3). Drug loading was studied with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% wt. proportions of nystatin, chlorhexidine diacetate and acyclovir incorporated into a separate polymer. Three drug loaded polymer square films (3cm × 3cm × 0.08 cm) were cut from dry films to follow the kinetics of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> at 37°C. 10 ml of either distilled water or PBS was used as the extracting medium that was replaced daily. PBS was used for nystatin <span class="hlt">release</span> with <span class="hlt">addition</span> of surfactants and water was used for the study on drug loading and surfactant <span class="hlt">release</span>. The rate of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was measured by UV-spectrophotometer. The amount of surfactant <span class="hlt">released</span> was determined by HPLC. Results The <span class="hlt">release</span> of nystatin was low in PBS and its <span class="hlt">release</span> rate increased with the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of surfactants. Also, increasing surfactant concentrations resulted in increased drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rates. The <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of chlorhexidine diacetate (p<0.0001), acyclovir (p<0.0003) and nystatin (p<0.0017) linearly increased with increasing drug loads. The amount of surfactants <span class="hlt">released</span> was above the CMC. Significance This study demonstrates that the three therapeutic agents show a sustained rate of drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from EVA copolymer over extended periods of time. Nystatin <span class="hlt">release</span> in PBS is low owing to its poor solubility. Its <span class="hlt">release</span> rate is enhanced by <span class="hlt">addition</span> of surfactants and increasing the drug load as well. PMID:17049593</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol24-sec141-719.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol24-sec141-719.pdf"><span>40 CFR 141.719 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> filtration toolbox components.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... establish a quality control <span class="hlt">release</span> value (QCRV) for a non-destructive performance test that demonstrates... test; and Cp = the filtrate concentration measured during the challenge test. Equivalent units must be... or the applicability of the non-destructive performance test and associated QCRV, <span class="hlt">additional</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol23/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol23-sec141-719.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol23/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol23-sec141-719.pdf"><span>40 CFR 141.719 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> filtration toolbox components.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... establish a quality control <span class="hlt">release</span> value (QCRV) for a non-destructive performance test that demonstrates... test; and Cp = the filtrate concentration measured during the challenge test. Equivalent units must be... or the applicability of the non-destructive performance test and associated QCRV, <span class="hlt">additional</span>...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol24-sec141-719.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol24-sec141-719.pdf"><span>40 CFR 141.719 - <span class="hlt">Additional</span> filtration toolbox components.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... establish a quality control <span class="hlt">release</span> value (QCRV) for a non-destructive performance test that demonstrates... test; and Cp = the filtrate concentration measured during the challenge test. Equivalent units must be... or the applicability of the non-destructive performance test and associated QCRV, <span class="hlt">additional</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881113','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881113"><span><span class="hlt">Release</span> of paclitaxel from polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microparticles and discs under irradiation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, J; Ng, C W; Win, K Y; Shoemakers, P; Lee, T K Y; Feng, S S; Wang, C H</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Paclitaxel is a promising anti-cancer drug as well as a radiosensitizer for chemotherapy and radiotherapy applications. Because of the poor solubility of paclitaxel in water and most pharmaceutical reagents, it is usually formulated with an adjuvant called Cremophor EL, which causes severe side effects. This work develops new dosage forms of paclitaxel for controlled <span class="hlt">release</span> application, which do not require the adjuvant and, thus, can avoid its associated side effects. Paclitaxel was encapsulated into the PLGA matrix with various <span class="hlt">additives</span> such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (Vitamin E TPGS). These <span class="hlt">additives</span> were used to enhance the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of paclitaxel from the polymer matrix. Spray-drying and an hydraulic press were used to prepare paclitaxel-PLGA microspheres and discs. The microspheres and discs were given different irradiation doses to investigate their effects on the surface morphology (characterized by SEM, AFM and XPS) and in vitro <span class="hlt">release</span> properties. There seems to be a small effect of the ionizing radiation on various formulations. Although the irradiation did not cause observable changes on the morphology of the polymer matrix, the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate can be enhanced by a few per cent. It was found that PEG has the highest enhancement effect for <span class="hlt">release</span> rate among all the <span class="hlt">additives</span> investigated in this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64096&Lab=NERL&keyword=internet+AND+access&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64096&Lab=NERL&keyword=internet+AND+access&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>SITE CHARACTERIZATION LIBRARY: VOLUMN 1 (<span class="hlt">RELEASE</span> 2.5)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This CD-ROM, Volume 1, <span class="hlt">Release</span> 2.5, of EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL - Las Vegas) Site Characterization Library, contains <span class="hlt">additional</span> electronic documents and computer programs related to the characterization of hazardous waste sites. EPA has produced this libr...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......146T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......146T"><span>Fabrication of Thermoelectric Devices Using <span class="hlt">Additive</span>-Subtractive Manufacturing Techniques: Application to Waste-Heat <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Harvesting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tewolde, Mahder</p> <p></p> <p>Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are solid-state devices that convert heat directly into electricity. They are well suited for waste-heat <span class="hlt">energy</span> harvesting applications as opposed to primary <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation. Commercially available thermoelectric modules are flat, inflexible and have limited sizes available. State-of-art manufacturing of TEG devices relies on assembling prefabricated parts with soldering, epoxy bonding, and mechanical clamping. Furthermore, efforts to incorporate them onto curved surfaces such as exhaust pipes, pump housings, steam lines, mixing containers, reaction chambers, etc. require custom-built heat exchangers. This is costly and labor-intensive, in <span class="hlt">addition</span> to presenting challenges in terms of space, thermal coupling, added weight and long-term reliability. <span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing technologies are beginning to address many of these issues by reducing part count in complex designs and the elimination of sub-assembly requirements. This work investigates the feasibility of utilizing such novel manufacturing routes for improving the manufacturing process of thermoelectric devices. Much of the research in thermoelectricity is primarily focused on improving thermoelectric material properties by developing of novel materials or finding ways to improve existing ones. Secondary to material development is improving the manufacturing process of TEGs to provide significant cost benefits. To improve the device fabrication process, this work explores <span class="hlt">additive</span> manufacturing technologies to provide an integrated and scalable approach for TE device manufacturing directly onto engineering component surfaces. <span class="hlt">Additive</span> manufacturing techniques like thermal spray and ink-dispenser printing are developed with the aim of improving the manufacturing process of TEGs. Subtractive manufacturing techniques like laser micromachining are also studied in detail. This includes the laser processing parameters for cutting the thermal spray materials efficiently by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8622791','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8622791"><span>Changes in brain amino acid content induced by hyposmolar stress and <span class="hlt">energy</span> deprivation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haugstad, T S; Valø, E T; Langmoen, I A</p> <p>1995-12-01</p> <p>The changes in endogenous amino acids in brain extracellular and intracellular compartments evoked by hyposmotic stress and <span class="hlt">energy</span> deprivation were compared. Tissue content and <span class="hlt">release</span> of ten amino acids were measured simultaneously in rat hippocampal slices by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Hyposmotic stress induced a large <span class="hlt">release</span> of taurine (25568 pmol mg-1 protein), and a smaller <span class="hlt">release</span> of glutamate, accompanied by an inverse change in tissue content. Adding mannitol to correct osmolarity, blocked these changes. <span class="hlt">Energy</span> deprivation caused an increase in the <span class="hlt">release</span> of all amino acids except glutamine. The <span class="hlt">release</span> was particularly large for glutamate and GABA (31141 and 13282 pmol mg-1, respectively). The intracellular concentrations were generally reduced, but the total amount of the <span class="hlt">released</span> amino acids increased In contrast to the effect seen during hyposmolar stress, mannitol enhanced the changes due to <span class="hlt">energy</span> deprivation. The results show that hyposmolar stress and <span class="hlt">energy</span> deprivation cause different content and <span class="hlt">release</span> profiles, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in the two situations are either different or modulated in different ways. The intracellular amino acid depletion seen during <span class="hlt">energy</span> deprivation shows that increased outward transport is probably a primary event, and increased amino acid formation likely secondary to this <span class="hlt">release</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046745','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1046745"><span>Solar Thermal <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Storage Device: Hybrid Nanostructures for High-<span class="hlt">Energy</span>-Density Solar Thermal Fuels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p>2012-01-09</p> <p>HEATS Project: MIT is developing a thermal <span class="hlt">energy</span> storage device that captures <span class="hlt">energy</span> from the sun; this <span class="hlt">energy</span> can be stored and <span class="hlt">released</span> at a later time when it is needed most. Within the device, the absorption of sunlight causes the solar thermal fuel’s photoactive molecules to change shape, which allows <span class="hlt">energy</span> to be stored within their chemical bonds. A trigger is applied to <span class="hlt">release</span> the stored <span class="hlt">energy</span> as heat, where it can be converted into electricity or used directly as heat. The molecules would then revert to their original shape, and can be recharged using sunlight to begin themore » process anew. MIT’s technology would be 100% renewable, rechargeable like a battery, and emissions-free. Devices using these solar thermal fuels—called Hybrisol—can also be used without a grid infrastructure for applications such as de-icing, heating, cooking, and water purification.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9043598','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9043598"><span>The diabetic frozen shoulder: arthroscopic <span class="hlt">release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ogilvie-Harris, D J; Myerthall, S</p> <p>1997-02-01</p> <p>Seventeen patients who were diabetics developed frozen shoulders which failed to respond to conservative management. They had persistent pain, stiffness, and limited function. An arthroscopic <span class="hlt">release</span> was performed by progressively <span class="hlt">releasing</span> the anterior structures from superior to inferior. Starting from the interval area we progressed to the anterior superior glenohumeral ligament, the intra-articular portion of the subscapularis, the anterior capsule, and the inferior capsule. Postoperatively physiotherapy was carried out daily to maintain the range of movement. At a follow up of 1 to 5 years the patients were assessed using the American Shoulder Society scheme. In <span class="hlt">addition</span> the patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively on four criteria; pain, external rotation, abduction, and function. We found that the patients were statistically significantly improved in all four categories. Thirteen of the 17 patients had no pain, full range of motion compared with the opposite side, and full function. There was one poor result with no improvement. The remaining three patients had improved but still had residual abnormalities. We consider arthroscopic <span class="hlt">release</span> to be an effective treatment for the resistant diabetic frozen shoulder.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19182389','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19182389"><span>Sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> progesterone vaginal suppositories 1--development of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> granule--.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nakayama, Ayako; Sunada, Hisakazu; Okamoto, Hirokazu; Furuhashi, Kaoru; Ohno, Yukiko; Ito, Mikio</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>Progesterone (P) is an important hormone for the establishment of pregnancy, and its administration is useful for luteal insufficiency. Considering the problems of commercially available oral and injection drugs, hospital-formulated vaginal suppositories are clinically used. However, since the half-life of P suppositories is short, it is difficult to maintain its constant blood concentration. To sustain drug efficacy and prevent side-effects, we are attempting to develop sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> suppositories by examining the degree of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> of active ingredients. In this study, we examined the combinations of granulation methods and <span class="hlt">release</span> systems for the preparation of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> granules of P, and produced 13 types of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> granules. We also examined the diameter, content, and dissolution of each type of granules, and confirmed that the sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> of all types of granules was satisfactory. Among the sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> granules, we selected granules with a content and a degree of sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> suitable for sustained-<span class="hlt">release</span> suppositories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4703894','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4703894"><span>ATP hydrolysis assists phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> and promotes reaction ordering in F1-ATPase</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Chun-Biu; Ueno, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Rikiya; Noji, Hiroyuki; Komatsuzaki, Tamiki</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>F1-ATPase (F1) is a rotary motor protein that can efficiently convert chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> to mechanical work of rotation via fine coordination of its conformational motions and reaction sequences. Compared with reactant binding and product <span class="hlt">release</span>, the ATP hydrolysis has relatively little contributions to the torque and chemical <span class="hlt">energy</span> generation. To scrutinize possible roles of ATP hydrolysis, we investigate the detailed statistics of the catalytic dwells from high-speed single wild-type F1 observations. Here we report a small rotation during the catalytic dwell triggered by the ATP hydrolysis that is indiscernible in previous studies. Moreover, we find in freely rotating F1 that ATP hydrolysis is followed by the <span class="hlt">release</span> of inorganic phosphate with low synthesis rates. Finally, we propose functional roles of the ATP hydrolysis as a key to kinetically unlock the subsequent phosphate <span class="hlt">release</span> and promote the correct reaction ordering. PMID:26678797</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27097108','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27097108"><span>Indocyanine Green-Loaded Liposomes for Light-Triggered Drug <span class="hlt">Release</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lajunen, Tatu; Kontturi, Leena-Stiina; Viitala, Lauri; Manna, Moutusi; Cramariuc, Oana; Róg, Tomasz; Bunker, Alex; Laaksonen, Timo; Viitala, Tapani; Murtomäki, Lasse; Urtti, Arto</p> <p>2016-06-06</p> <p>Light-triggered drug delivery systems enable site-specific and time-controlled drug <span class="hlt">release</span>. In previous work, we have achieved this with liposomes containing gold nanoparticles in the aqueous core. Gold nanoparticles absorb near-infrared light and <span class="hlt">release</span> the <span class="hlt">energy</span> as heat that increases the permeability of the liposomal bilayer, thus <span class="hlt">releasing</span> the contents of the liposome. In this work, we replaced the gold nanoparticles with the clinically approved imaging agent indocyanine green (ICG). The ICG liposomes were stable at storage conditions (4-22 °C) and at body temperature, and fast near-infrared (IR) light-triggered drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was achieved with optimized phospholipid composition and a 1:50 ICG-to-lipid molar ratio. Encapsulated small molecular calcein and FITC-dextran (up to 20 kDa) were completely <span class="hlt">released</span> from the liposomes after light exposure for 15 s. Location of ICG in the PEG layer of the liposomes was simulated with molecular dynamics. ICG has important benefits as a light-triggering agent in liposomes: fast content <span class="hlt">release</span>, improved stability, improved possibility of liposomal size control, regulatory approval to use in humans, and the possibility of imaging the in vivo location of the liposomes based on the fluorescence of ICG. Near-infrared light used as a triggering mechanism has good tissue penetration and safety. Thus, ICG liposomes are an attractive option for light-controlled and efficient delivery of small and large drug molecules.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21058723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21058723"><span>Multifunctional slow-<span class="hlt">release</span> organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ni, Boli; Liu, Mingzhu; Lü, Shaoyu; Xie, Lihua; Wang, Yanfang</p> <p>2010-12-08</p> <p>Multifunctional slow-<span class="hlt">release</span> organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (MSOF) has been investigated to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution derived from fertilizer overdosage. The special fertilizer is based on natural attapulgite (APT) clay used as a matrix, sodium alginate used as an inner coating and sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/humic acid (SA-g-P(AA-co-AM)/HA) superabsorbent polymer used as an outer coating. The coated multielement compound fertilizer granules were produced in a pan granulator, and the diameter of the prills was in the range of 2.5-3.5 mm. The structural and chemical characteristics of the product, as well as its efficiency in slowing the nutrients <span class="hlt">release</span>, were examined. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, a mathematical model for nutrient <span class="hlt">release</span> from the fertilizer was applied to calculate the diffusion coefficient D of nutrients in MSOF. The degradation of the SA-g-P(AA-co-AM)/HA coating was assessed by examining the weight loss with incubation time in soil. It is demonstrated that the product prepared by a simple route with good slow-<span class="hlt">release</span> property may be expected to have wide potential applications in modern agriculture and horticulture.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10159717','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10159717"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1991, Volume 12</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Doty, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1991 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1991 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data Covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6095021','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6095021"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1982. Volume 3</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1982 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1982 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10189046','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10189046"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Volume 11: Annual report, 1990</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Doty, K.; Congemi, J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1990 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1990 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7030462','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7030462"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1981. Vol. 2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1981 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1981 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5359493','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5359493"><span>Radioactive materials <span class="hlt">released</span> from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1983. Volume 4</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tichler, J.; Norden, K.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Releases</span> of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1983 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic <span class="hlt">Energy</span> Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1983 <span class="hlt">release</span> data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16895839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16895839"><span>Influence of plasticizer level on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> from sustained <span class="hlt">release</span> film coated and hot-melt extruded dosage forms.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Yucun; Mehta, Ketan A; McGinity, James W</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>In the current study, the influence of plasticizer level on drug <span class="hlt">release</span> was investigated for solid dosage forms prepared by hot-melt extrusion and film coating. The properties of two highly water-soluble compounds, diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and a poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (IDM), were investigated in the melt extrudates containing either Eudragit RSPO or Eudragit RD 100 and triethyl citrate (TEC) as the plasticizer. In <span class="hlt">addition</span>, pellets containing DTZ were film coated with Eudragit RS 30D and varying levels of TEC using a fluidized bed coating unit. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that both CPM and IDM exhibited a plasticization effect on the acrylic polymers, whereas no plasticizing effect by DTZ on Eudragit RSPO was observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of the DTZ, Eudragit RSPO and TEC at 140 degrees C, the maximum temperature used in the hot-melt extrusion process. The chemical stability of DTZ and IDM in the extrudate following hot-melt processing was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rates of both DTZ and CPM from hot-melt extrudates increased with an increase in the TEC level in the formulations, while the <span class="hlt">release</span> rate of DTZ from the Eudragit RS 30D-coated pellets decreased with an increase in TEC in the coating dispersion. This phenomenon was due to the formation of a reservoir polymeric structure as a result of the thermal stress and shear stress involved in the hot-melt extrusion process regardless of the TEC level. In contrast, coalescence of the polymer particles in the film coating process was enhanced with higher levels of TEC, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The <span class="hlt">addition</span> of TEC (0% to 8%) in the IDM hot-melt extrudate formulation had no influence on the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate as the drug <span class="hlt">release</span> rate was controlled by drug diffusion through the inside of the polymeric</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018194','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018194"><span>Increased Antibiotic <span class="hlt">Release</span> from a Bone Cement Containing Bacterial Cellulose</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nakai, Takahisa; Enomoto, Koichi; Uchio, Yuji; Yoshino, Katsumi</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Background Major disadvantages of antibiotic bone cements include limited drug <span class="hlt">release</span> and reduced strength resulting from the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of high doses of antibiotics. Bacterial cellulose, a three-dimensional hydrophilic mesh, may retain antibiotics and <span class="hlt">release</span> them gradually. We hypothesized that the <span class="hlt">addition</span> of cellulose to antibiotic bone cement would improve mechanical strength and antibiotic <span class="hlt">release</span>. Questions/purposes We therefore examined the mechanical strength and antibiotic <span class="hlt">release</span> of cellulose antibiotic cement. Methods A high dose of antibiotics (5 g per 40 g cement powder) was incorporated into bacterial cellulose and then mixed with bone cement. We compared the compression strength, fracture toughness, fatigue life, and elution kinetics of this formulation with those of plain cement and a traditional antibiotic cement. Results The average values for compression strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue life of the cellulose antibiotic cement were 97%, 97%, and 78% of the values obtained for plain cement, respectively. The corresponding values for the traditional antibiotic cement were 79%, 82%, and 17%, respectively. The cumulative elution over 35 days was 129% greater from the cellulose antibiotic cement than from the traditional antibiotic cement. Conclusions With a high dose of antibiotics, incorporating cellulose into the bone cement prevented compression and fracture fragility, improved fatigue life, and increased antibiotic elution. Clinical Relevance Antibiotic cements containing cellulose may have applications in clinical situations that require high levels of antibiotic <span class="hlt">release</span> and preservation of the mechanical properties of the cement. PMID:20945120</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title28-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title28-vol2-sec540-65.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title28-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title28-vol2-sec540-65.pdf"><span>28 CFR 540.65 - <span class="hlt">Release</span> of information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... CONTACT WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Contact With News Media § 540.65 <span class="hlt">Release</span> of information. (a) The Warden shall promptly make announcements stating the facts of unusual, newsworthy incidents to local news... <span class="hlt">additional</span> information concerning an inmate by a representative of the news media is referred to the Public...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title28-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title28-vol2-sec540-65.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title28-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title28-vol2-sec540-65.pdf"><span>28 CFR 540.65 - <span class="hlt">Release</span> of information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... CONTACT WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Contact With News Media § 540.65 <span class="hlt">Release</span> of information. (a) The Warden shall promptly make announcements stating the facts of unusual, newsworthy incidents to local news... <span class="hlt">additional</span> information concerning an inmate by a representative of the news media is referred to the Public...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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