76 FR 72619 - Ophthalmic and Topical Dosage Form New Animal Drugs; Eprinomectin

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 524 [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0003] Ophthalmic and Topical Dosage Form New Animal Drugs; Eprinomectin AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug...

A randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous, intra-articular and topical wash regimes of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Prakash, Jatin; Seon, Jong-Keun; Park, Yong Jin; Jin, Cheng; Song, Eun-Kyoo

2017-01-01

The efficacy of tranexamic acid to decrease post-operative blood loss and blood transfusion is well established in literature. However, the ideal mode of administration is debatable. Limited literature has compared all the available modes of administration including intravenous (IV), topical irrigation and retrograde through drain. We hypothesized that no difference would be present in either form of administration of tranexamic acid. Fifty patients in four groups were enrolled for study. Group 1 received drug intravenously, group 2 had topical washing with drug before closure, group 3 received drug after closure through drain and group 4 was control that received no tranexamic acid. Post-operative blood loss, calculated blood loss, haemoglobin drop, transfusion requirements and complications were studied for all four groups. Tranexamic acid results in lower bleeding irrespective of the mode of administration compared to control group. Total loss at end of 5 days is similar in all tranexamic acid groups irrespective of method used to deliver the drug. Calculated blood loss and haemoglobin drop was minimum for IV and in patients who were administered drug retrograde through drain. Requirement for blood transfusion was found to be lower in all tranexamic acid patients compared to non-tranexamic acid group. The requirement was highest in topical wash group among all tranexamic acid groups. We conclude that intra-articular administration through drain and IV administration are equally effective and superior to topical wash method in reducing blood loss, haemoglobin fall and transfusion requirements.

Histological observation of goblet cells following topical rebamipide treatment of the human ocular surface: A case report.

PubMed

Kase, Satoru; Shinohara, Toshiya; Kase, Manabu

2015-02-01

The topical administration of rebamipide (Mucosta®), an antiulcer agent, clinically increases the mucin level of tear film. The aim of this study was to report the histological changes of goblet cells following the topical administration of rebamipide to a patient with nevus of the lacrimal caruncle. A 62-year-old male exhibited a pigmented nodule located in the lacrimal caruncle in the left eye. An excisional biopsy and subsequent surgical resection were conducted at the caruncle, prior to and three months after topical rebamipide administration. Histologically, a biopsy specimen revealed a pigmented nevus beneath the caruncle epithelium containing a few goblet cells [4 cells/high power field (HPF)]. A few nevus cells were present at the surgical margin. By contrast, the secondary resected specimen obtained three months after the initiation of topical rebamipide treatment revealed the epithelium and nevus, where numerous goblet cells were present (28 cells/HPF), and mucin-like substances were markedly secreted from the goblet cells. Topical rebamipide markedly increased the number of goblet cells and stimulated the secretion of mucin-like substances in the caruncular tissue of a human patient. These results suggest that topical rebamipide is useful in patients following surgery and/or biopsy to support tissue repair of the ocular surface.

Is combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid superior than topical, intravenous tranexamic acid alone and control groups for blood loss controlling after total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

PubMed

Lin, Chunmei; Qi, Yingmei; Jie, Li; Li, Hong-Biao; Zhao, Xi-Cheng; Qin, Lei; Jiang, Xin-Qiang; Zhang, Zhen-Hua; Ma, Liping

2016-12-01

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) versus topical, intravenous TXA alone or control for reducing blood loss after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In May 2016, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Wanfang database. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. Only patients prepared for primary TKA that administration combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical TXA, intravenous (IV) TXA, or control group for reducing blood loss were included. Eligible criteria were published RCTs about combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical alone or intravenous alone. The primary endpoint was the total blood loss and need for transfusion. The complications of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were also compiled to assess the safety of combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to appraise a risk of bias. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Fifteen studies involving 1495 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA can reduce the total blood loss compared with placebo with a mean of 458.66 mL and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -458.66, 95% CI: -655.40 to 261.91, P < 0.001). Compared with intravenous TXA, combined administrated TXA can decrease the total blood loss, and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -554.03, 95% CI: -1066.21 to -41.85, P = 0.034). Compared with the topical administration TXA, the pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined TXA can decrease the amount of total blood loss with mean 107.65 mL with statistically significant(MD = -107.65, 95% CI: -525.55 to -239.9141.85, P = 0.001). The pooled results indicated that combined topical with intravenous TXA can decrease the need for transfusion (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.50, P < 0.001). There is no significant difference between combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical or intravenous TXA (P > 0.05) in terms of need for transfusion and the occurrence of DVT. Compared with topical, intravenous TXA alone or control group, combined topical with TXA, can decrease the total blood loss and subsequent need for transfusion without increasing the occurrence of DVT. The dose and timing to administration TXA is different, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the optimal dosing and time to administration TXA.

School Districts of South Carolina: Organization and Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stuckey, Dale C.; Haines, Preston B.

This publication is an update and expansion of earlier studies on the legal organization and administration of school districts in South Carolina. The treatment of this topic progresses from the general to the specific and includes detailed data about the geographical, organizational, financial, and legal aspects of the topic. The report attempts…

Evaluation of topical application and systemic administration of rosuvastatin in preventing epidural fibrosis in rats.

PubMed

Gürer, Bora; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gökçe, Emre Cemal; Ozevren, Huseyin; Turkoglu, Erhan; Gökçe, Aysun

2015-03-01

Epidural fibrosis is a major challenge in spine surgery, with some patients having recurrent symptoms secondary to excessive formation of scar tissue resulting in neurologic compression. One of the most important factors initiating the epidural fibrosis is assumed to be the transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β). Rosuvastatin (ROS) has shown to demonstrate preventive effects over fibrosis via inhibiting the TGF-1β. We hypothesized that ROS might have preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-1β pathways. Experimental animal study. Forty-eight adult male Wistar Albino rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups (laminectomy, spongostan, topical ROS, and systemic ROS). Laminectomy was performed at the L3 level in all rats. Four weeks later, the extent of epidural fibrosis was assessed both macroscopically and histopathologically. Our data revealed that topical application and systemic administration of ROS both were effective in reducing epidural fibrosis formation. Furthermore, the systemic administration of ROS yielded better results than topical application. Both topical application and systemic administration of ROS show meaningful preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through multiple mechanisms. The results of our study provide the first experimental evidence of the preventive effects of ROS over epidural fibrosis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Ocular hypotensive effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the conscious pigmented rabbit].

PubMed

Moriwaki, Y; Iizuka, T; Nakamura, A; Nakata, K; Masaoka, Y; Ueda, T; Koide, R; Inatomi, M; Fukado, Y; Uchida, E

1992-02-01

It has been reported that some of the topically-used antiglaucomatics have a central ocular hypotensive effect. In this study, the influence of topical and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of phenylephrine, clonidine, guanfacine, prazosin, yohimbine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in the rabbit. Male pigmented rabbits were used throughout the experiments. For measurement of IOP, an applanation pneumatonograph was used. By unilateral topical administration of phenylephrine, an increase in IOP in the eye in which instillation was performed was observed. On the other hand, a slight decrease in IOP was observed by similar treatment of prazosin and yohimbine. No significant change of IOP in the contralateral eye was observed with these drugs. On the contrary, unilateral topical administration of clonidine or guanfacine decreased the IOP of both eyes. Furthermore, the decrease of IOP was more remarkable in the contralateral eye compared to the eye which received instillation. The IOP of both eyes was decreased in a dose-related fashion by i.c.v. administration of clonidine or guanfacine. The ocular hypotensive effects of clonidine were diminished by the pretreatment by i.c.v. administration with yohimbine. These results suggest that the ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine and guanfacine is due to their alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the central nervous system.

Topical drug delivery systems: a patent review.

PubMed

Singh Malik, Deepinder; Mital, Neeraj; Kaur, Gurpreet

2016-01-01

Topical administration is the favored route for local delivery of therapeutic agents due to its convenience and affordability. The specific challenge of designing a therapeutic system is to achieve an optimal concentration of a certain drug at its site of action for an appropriate duration. This review summarizes innovations from the past 3 years (2012-2015) in the field of topical drug delivery for the treatment of local infections of the vagina, nose, eye and skin. The review also throws some light on the anatomy and physiology of these organs and their various defensive barriers which affect the delivery of drugs administered topically. Topical administration has been gaining attention over the last few years. However, conventional topical drug delivery systems suffer from drawbacks such as poor retention and low bioavailability. The successful formulation of topical delivery products requires the careful manipulation of defensive barriers and selection of a soluble drug carrier. Extensive research is required to develop newer topical drug delivery systems aiming either to improve the efficacy or to reduce side effects compared to current patented systems.

Pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone after topical administration in rabbit eye

PubMed Central

Sun, Guoying; Lin, Xianchai; Zhong, Hua; Yang, Yangfan; Qiu, Xuan; Ye, Chengtian; Wu, Kaili

2011-01-01

Purpose Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-[1H]-pyridone) is a new, broad-spectrum agent that has an inhibition effect on the proliferation, migration, and collagen contraction of human Tenon’s fibroblasts, and thus modulating the wound healing process of glaucoma filtering surgical site. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of topically administered pirfenidone (0.5%) in rabbit eyes. Methods Pirfenidone solution (50 μl) was instilled into the rabbit’s conjunctival sac. The rabbits were quickly sacrificed at 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the administration and ocular tissues were obtained. The concentrations of pirfenidone in conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results After topical administration, there was wide distribution and fast clearance of pirfenidone among the various ocular tissues. The mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) of pirfenidone in cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, aqueous humor, and vitreous were 9.64 mg/g, 9.62 mg/g, 2.13 mg/g, 34.88 mg/l and 0.52 mg/l, respectively. The half-life for these tissues was 18.26, 34.16, 15.71, 70.91, and 39.48 min, respectively. Conclusions Measurable concentrations of pirfenidone are achieved in ocular tissues after topical application in rabbit model. Topical administration of pirfenidone may be an effective approach for modulation of wound healing responses in glaucoma filtration surgical site. PMID:21866212

Plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys.

PubMed

Gokbulut, Cengiz; Di Loria, Antonio; Gunay, Necati; Masucci, Roberto; Veneziano, Vincenzo

2011-12-01

To investigate plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys. 12 donkeys naturally infected with strongyle nematodes. The pour-on formulation of eprinomectin approved for use in cattle was administered topically to donkeys at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg. Heparinized blood samples and hair samples were collected at various times between 1 hour and 40 days after administration. Samples were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Fecal strongyle egg counts were performed by use of a modified McMaster technique before and at weekly intervals for 8 weeks after treatment. Plasma concentration and systemic availability of eprinomectin were relatively higher in donkeys, compared with values reported for other animal species. Concerning the anthelmintic efficacy against strongyle nematodes, eprinomectin was completely effective (100%) on days 7 and 14 and highly effective (> 99%) until the end of the study at 56 days after treatment. No abnormal clinical signs or adverse reactions were observed for any donkeys after treatment. Eprinomectin had excellent safety. The relatively high plasma concentration after topical administration could result in use of eprinomectin for the control and treatment of parasitic diseases in donkeys.

Case Citations 1996. Eighteenth Series (School Administrators).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, William J., Jr., Ed.

This document contains case citations for 1996 in areas pertaining to school administration. The cases are categorized according to the topics of negligence, workers' compensation, administrator due process, discrimination against school administrators, and discrimination in hiring teachers for administrative positions. Negligence cases cover…

Topical versus systemic 5-aminolevulinic acid administration for photodynamic therapy of the colon in B10.RBP mice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gil, Maciej; Woszczynski, Marek; Regula, Jaroslaw; MacRobert, Alexander J.; Butruk, Eugeniusz; Bown, Stephen G.

1999-07-01

5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an interesting photosensitizing substance for photodynamic therapy (PDT), successfully applied topically for urological malignancy. In gastroenterology it has proven efficacy for treatment of some GI neoplasms after systemic administration. This study was aimed at investigating the possibility of topical 5-ALA administration also for the PDT of gut cancer in a mice model. 5-ALA solution at different concentrations (5%, 1.5%, and 0.5%) was instilled in the colon of mice, which was later removed and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The results of fluorescence studies were compared with those obtained in a control group treated with 5-ALA given systematically. Satisfactory epithelial fluorescence levels and good selectivity between gut layers were obtained after intracolonic 5-ALA instillation. However, mean fluorescence intensity was higher after systemic drug applications. Our results suggest that 5-ALA may probably be used topically for the PDT of some gut neoplasms.

Impact of Topically Administered Steroids, Antibiotics, and Sodium Hyaluronate on Bleb-Related Infection Onset: The Japan Glaucoma Society Survey of Bleb-Related Infection Report 4

PubMed Central

Yamamoto, Tetsuya; Imaizumi, Kimihiro; Sekiryu, Tetsuju

2017-01-01

Purpose To investigate the impact of topically administered ophthalmic medications on the onset and severity of bleb-related infections. Methods Data obtained from 104 eyes of 104 patients with bleb-related infections were analyzed. We assigned an infection stage to each eye (stage 1–4) and analyzed the onset severity. Results Steroids and antibiotics were routinely administered to 13 (12.5%) and 42 (40.4%) eyes, respectively. The median stage of steroid-administered eyes was 3 versus 1 for eyes without steroid administration (P = 0.012). The median duration from surgery to infection for the steroid-administered eyes was 2.0 years versus 5.8 years for eyes without steroid administration (P = 0.030). The median duration from surgery to infection for the antibiotic-administered eyes was 6.4 years versus 3.9 years for eyes without antibiotic administration (P = 0.025). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that infections were severe in the steroid-administered eyes (odds ratio: 4.57). No infections developed within 16 weeks postoperatively. No relationship was detected between sodium hyaluronate and the analyzed factors. Conclusions Topical steroid administration beyond the immediate postoperative period may affect severe and earlier onset bleb-related infections. Conversely, topical antibiotic administration may be effective in suppressing earlier onset bleb-related infections. PMID:29138694

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Once-Daily Topical Minocycline Foam 4% vs Oral Minocycline for Moderate-to-Severe Acne.

PubMed

Jones, Terry M; Ellman, Herman; deVries, Tina

2017-10-01

To characterize minocycline pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability following multiple-dose topical administration of minocycline hydrochloride (HCl) foam 4% (FMX101 4%) as compared with single-dose oral administration of minocycline HCl extended-release tablets (Solodyn®) in subjects with moderate-to-severe acne. A Phase 1, single-center, nonrandomized, open-label, active-controlled, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover clinical study. The study included 30 healthy adults (mean age, 22.6 years; 90% white, and 60% females) who had moderate-to-severe acne. Subjects were assigned to first receive a single oral dose of a minocycline HCl extended-release tablet (approximately 1 mg/kg). At 10 days after the oral minocycline dose, topical minocycline foam 4% was applied, once daily for 21 days. Serial blood samples were obtained before and after administration of oral minocycline and each topical application of minocycline foam 4% on days 1, 12, and 21. Following oral administration of minocycline (approximately 1 mg/kg), plasma minocycline concentration increased until 3 hours, followed by a log-linear decrease over the remainder of the 96-hour sampling period. Following topical application of a 4-g maximal-use dose of minocycline foam 4% for 21 days, plasma minocycline concentration was very low, with geometric mean Cmax values ranging from 1.1 ng/mL to 1.5 ng/mL. Steady state was achieved by day 6. Overall, minocycline exposure with topical minocycline foam 4% was 730 to 765 times lower than that with oral minocycline. There was no evidence of minocycline accumulation over the 21 days of topical application of minocycline foam 4%. Topical minocycline foam 4% appeared to be safe and well tolerated, with no serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), treatment-related TEAEs, or TEAEs that led to treatment discontinuation. Once-daily topical application of minocycline foam 4% did not lead to significant systemic exposure to minocycline. It appears to be a well-tolerated treatment option for individuals with moderate-to-severe acne.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(10):1022-1028.

Topical Administration Is a Promising Inoculating Route versus Intramuscular Inoculation for the Nanoparticle-Carried DNA Vaccine to Prevent Corneal Infections.

PubMed

Hu, Kai; Malla, Tejsu; Zhai, Yujia; Dong, Lili; Tang, Ru

2015-01-01

To evaluate the comparative effect of topical versus intramuscular administration of nanoparticle-carried DNA vaccine in preventing corneal herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Nanoparticle [polyethylenimine (PEI)-Fe3O4]-carried DNA vaccine (PEI-Fe3O4-pRSC-gD-IL-21) or DNA vaccine (pRSC-gD-IL-21) alone were topically versus intramuscularly inoculated into one eye each of mice on days 0, 14 and 28. Three weeks after the final immunization, the specific immune responses and clinical degrees of primary herpes simplex keratitis were evaluated. Topical inoculation of nanoparticle-carried DNA vaccine induced mice to generate similar levels of specific HSV-1-neutralizing antibody, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum and specific killing (cytotoxicity) and proliferative activities of the splenic lymphocytes, but a significantly higher level of secretory IgA in tears compared to those of intramuscular inoculation. More importantly, the mice inoculated topically showed a significantly decreased herpes simplex keratitis severity than the mice inoculated intramuscularly after HSV-1 challenge on the corneas of the mice. Topical inoculation of nanoparticle-carried DNA vaccine elicits a stronger specific local immune response and more effectively inhibits herpes simplex keratitis as compared to intramuscular inoculation in an HSV-1 ocular challenge mouse model. Thus, topical administration may be a promising inoculating route for the nanoparticle-carried DNA vaccine to prevent corneal infections. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Comparison of intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study.

PubMed

Patel, Jay N; Spanyer, Jonathon M; Smith, Langan S; Huang, Jiapeng; Yakkanti, Madhusudhan R; Malkani, Arthur L

2014-08-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical Tranexamic Acid (TXA) versus Intravenous (IV) Tranexamic Acid for reduction of blood loss following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This prospective randomized study involved 89 patients comparing topical administration of 2.0g TXA, versus IV administration of 10mg/kg. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to patient demographics or perioperative function. The primary outcome measure, perioperative change in hemoglobin level, showed a decrease of 3.06 ± 1.02 in the IV group and 3.42 ± 1.07 in the topical group (P = 0.108). There were no statistical differences between the groups in preoperative hemoglobin level, lowest postoperative hemoglobin level, or total drain output. One patient in the topical group required blood transfusion (P = 0.342). Based on our study, topical Tranexamic Acid has similar efficacy to IV Tranexamic Acid for TKA patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organization and Administration of Adult Education Programs: A Guide for Practitioners. Adult Education Special Topics: Theory, Research and Practice in LifeLong Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Steven W.; Biniecki, Susan M. Yelich

2016-01-01

Administrators of adult education programs work in dynamic and ever-changing environments. They are continually challenged with a myriad of issues related to program budgeting, marketing, strategic planning, funding, human resources, and other topics. With decades of real world experience in the field, Steven Schmidt and Susan Yelich Biniecki have…

Topical Administration of Oxygenated Hemoglobin Improved Wound Healing in an Ischemic Rabbit Ear Model.

PubMed

Xie, Ping; Jia, Shengxian; Tye, Ross; Xu, Wei; Zhong, Aimei; Hong, Seok J; Galiano, Robert D; Mustoe, Thomas A

2016-02-01

Localized oxygen deficiency plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds; thus, rectifying localized ischemia with oxygen therapy has been postulated to be an integral aspect of the management of chronic wounds. The efficacy of a novel approach for oxygen therapy on chronic wound healing was evaluated. Oxygen was delivered to ischemic wounds by means of the topical application of oxygenated, chemically modified bovine hemoglobin (IKOR 2084) in a validated rabbit ear ischemic wound model. The wound healing was evaluated histologically by measuring epithelial gap and neo-granulation tissue area. In situ expression of endothelial cells (CD31) and proliferative cells (Ki-67) was examined by immunohistochemistry analysis. The mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was quantified by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The collagen was detected by Sirius red staining. In comparison with topical application of saline, the administration of oxygenated IKOR 2084 increases wound reepithelialization and formation of neo-granulation tissue in a dose-dependent manner, and cellular proliferation (Ki-67). Conversely, the administration of deoxygenated IKOR 2084 aggravated the ischemic wound healing process. Moreover, the topical administration of oxygenated IKOR 2084 induces angiogenesis as evidenced by concomitant increases in CD31 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in treated wounds. Oxygenated IKOR 2084 administration also increased collagen deposition in wounds, with decreases in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA. This study suggests that the topical application of oxygenated IKOR 2084 ameliorates the reparative progress of ischemic wounds through enhanced angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and collagen deposition.

Methemoglobinemia secondary to topical benzocaine use in a lung transplant patient.

PubMed

LeClaire, Aimée C; Mullett, Timothy W; Jahania, M Salik; Flynn, Jeremy D

2005-02-01

To report a case of methemoglobinemia secondary to the administration of topical benzocaine spray in an anemic patient who had previously undergone a lung transplant. A 40-year-old white man with a past medical history significant for lung transplant acutely decompensated following oropharyngeal administration of topical benzocaine spray. Subsequent blood analysis revealed a methemoglobin concentration of 51.2%. Following the administration of a single dose of methylene blue 2 mg/kg intravenously, the patient's respiratory status dramatically improved and stabilized. Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially fatal condition that may be either acquired or congenital; however, the disorder is most commonly acquired secondary to exposure to oxidizing chemicals, which are often routinely prescribed medications, including benzocaine. Benzocaine can react with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin at a rate that exceeds reduction capabilities, which may result in oxygenation difficulty and respiratory distress. In severe or symptomatic methemoglobinemia, the treatment of choice is methylene blue. Application of the Naranjo probability scale established a highly probable relationship between topical benzocaine spray and methemoglobinemia and associated respiratory compromise. The risks of palliative use of topical benzocaine in patients with preexisting disorders that compromise oxygen delivery may outweigh any benefit. In our patient, anemia and lung disease increased his risk for clinically significant adverse respiratory events secondary to deficiencies or interferences in oxygen delivery. Topical benzocaine should be administered with caution and careful monitoring in such patient populations.

Sustained Release of an Anti-Glaucoma Drug: Demonstration of Efficacy of a Liposomal Formulation in the Rabbit Eye

PubMed Central

Ang, Marcus; Darwitan, Anastasia; Foo, Selin; Zhen, Ma; Koo, Magdalene; Wong, Tina T.; Venkatraman, Subbu S.

2011-01-01

Topical medication remains the first line treatment of glaucoma; however, sustained ocular drug delivery via topical administration is difficult to achieve. Most drugs have poor penetration due to the multiple physiological barriers of the eye and are rapidly cleared if applied topically. Currently, daily topical administration for lowering the intra-ocular pressure (IOP), has many limitations, such as poor patient compliance and ocular allergy from repeated drug administration. Poor compliance leads to suboptimal control of IOP and disease progression with eventual blindness. The delivery of drugs in a sustained manner could provide the patient with a more attractive alternative by providing optimal therapeutic dosing, with minimal local toxicity and inconvenience. To investigate this, we incorporated latanoprost into LUVs (large unilamellar vesicles) derived from the liposome of DPPC (di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline) by the film hydration technique. Relatively high amounts of drug could be incorporated into this vesicle, and the drug resides predominantly in the bilayer. Vesicle stability monitored by size measurement and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis showed that formulations with a drug/lipid mole ratio of about 10% have good physical stability during storage and release. This formulation demonstrated sustained release of latanoprost in vitro, and then tested for efficacy in 23 rabbits. Subconjunctival injection and topical eye drop administration of the latanoprost/liposomal formulation were compared with conventional daily administration of latanoprost eye drops. The IOP lowering effect with a single subconjunctival injection was shown to be sustained for up to 50 days, and the extent of IOP lowering was comparable to daily eye drop administration. Toxicity and localized inflammation were not observed in any treatment groups. We believe that this is the first demonstration, in vivo, of sustained delivery to the anterior segment of the eye that is safe and efficacious for 50 days. PMID:21931735

21 CFR 524.1484 - Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1484 Section 524.1484 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1484 Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1044 - Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1044 Section 524.1044 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1044 Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1484 - Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1484 Section 524.1484 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1484 Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1484 - Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1484 Section 524.1484 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1484 Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1044 - Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1044 Section 524.1044 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1044 Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1044 - Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1044 Section 524.1044 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1044 Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1044 - Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1044 Section 524.1044 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1044 Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

21 CFR 524.1484 - Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1484 Section 524.1484 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1484 Neomycin sulfate ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

Sexual Orientation Topics in Educational Leadership Programmes across the USA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jennings, Todd

2012-01-01

This investigation examines the inclusion of sexual orientation topics within the formal curriculum of 55 public college and university educational administration/leadership programmes across the USA. The findings indicate that programmes place a low priority upon sexual orientation compared to other diversity topics and that 59.5% of programmes…

21 CFR 524.1662 - Oxytetracycline hydrochloride ophthalmic and topical dosage forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Oxytetracycline hydrochloride ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. 524.1662 Section 524.1662 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1662 Oxytetracycline hydrochloride ophthalmic and topical dosage forms. ...

Safety and Feasibility of Topical Application of Limonene as a Massage Oil to the Breast.

PubMed

Miller, Jessica A; Thompson, Patricia A; Hakim, Iman A; Lopez, Ana Maria; Thomson, Cynthia A; Chew, Wade; Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh; Chow, H-H Sherry

2012-10-01

Limonene, a major component in citrus oil, has demonstrated anti-cancer effects in preclinical mammary cancer models. However, the effective oral dose translates to a human dose that may not be feasible for chronic dosing. We proposed to evaluate topical application of limonene to the breast as an alternative dosing strategy. We conducted a mouse disposition study to determine whether limonene would be bio available in the mammary tissue after topical application. SKH-1 mice received topical or oral administration of limonene in the form of orange oil every day for 4 weeks. Plasma and mammary pads were collected 4 hrs after the final dosing. We also conducted an exploratory clinical study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of topically applied limonene in the form of orange oil to the breast. Healthy women were recruited to apply orange oil containing massage oil to their breasts daily for four weeks. Safety and feasibility were assessed by reported adverse events, clinical labs, and usage compliance. Pre and post-intervention nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and plasma were collected for limonene concentration determination. The mouse disposition study showed that topical and oral orange oil administration resulted in similar mammary tissue disposition of limonene with no clinical signs of toxicity. In the clinical study, the topical application of limonene containing massage oil to the breast was found to be safe with high levels of usage compliance for daily application, although NAF and plasma limonene concentrations were not significantly changed after the massage oil application. Our studies showed that limonene is bio available in mammary tissue after topical orange oil application in mice and this novel route of administration to the breast is safe and feasible in healthy women.

Safety and Feasibility of Topical Application of Limonene as a Massage Oil to the Breast

PubMed Central

Miller, Jessica A.; Thompson, Patricia A.; Hakim, Iman A.; Lopez, Ana Maria; Thomson, Cynthia A.; Chew, Wade; Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh; Chow, H.-H. Sherry

2013-01-01

Background Limonene, a major component in citrus oil, has demonstrated anti-cancer effects in preclinical mammary cancer models. However, the effective oral dose translates to a human dose that may not be feasible for chronic dosing. We proposed to evaluate topical application of limonene to the breast as an alternative dosing strategy. Materials and Methods We conducted a mouse disposition study to determine whether limonene would be bio available in the mammary tissue after topical application. SKH-1 mice received topical or oral administration of limonene in the form of orange oil every day for 4 weeks. Plasma and mammary pads were collected 4 hrs after the final dosing. We also conducted an exploratory clinical study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of topically applied limonene in the form of orange oil to the breast. Healthy women were recruited to apply orange oil containing massage oil to their breasts daily for four weeks. Safety and feasibility were assessed by reported adverse events, clinical labs, and usage compliance. Pre and post-intervention nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and plasma were collected for limonene concentration determination. Results The mouse disposition study showed that topical and oral orange oil administration resulted in similar mammary tissue disposition of limonene with no clinical signs of toxicity. In the clinical study, the topical application of limonene containing massage oil to the breast was found to be safe with high levels of usage compliance for daily application, although NAF and plasma limonene concentrations were not significantly changed after the massage oil application. Conclusions Our studies showed that limonene is bio available in mammary tissue after topical orange oil application in mice and this novel route of administration to the breast is safe and feasible in healthy women. PMID:24236248

Innovative nanocompounds for cutaneous administration of classical antifungal drugs: a systematic review.

PubMed

Santos, Rafael Silva; Loureiro, Kahynna; Rezende, Polyana; Nalone, Luciana; Barbosa, Raquel de Melo; Santini, Antonello; Santos, Ana Cláudia; da Silva, Classius F; Souto, Eliana Barbosa; de Souza, Damião Pergentino; Amaral, Ricardo Guimarães; Severino, Patrícia

2018-06-01

Nanomedicine manipulates materials at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale, with at least one dimension within the nanometer range, for biomedical applications. The resulting nanoparticles have been consistently shown beneficial effects for antifungal drugs delivery, overcoming the problems of low bioavailability and high toxicity of these drugs. Due to their unique features, namely the small mean particle size, nanoparticles contribute to the enhanced drug absorption and uptake by the target cells, potentiating the therapeutic drug effect. The topical route is desirable due to the adverse effects arising from oral administration. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of nano compounds for the current treatment of topical fungal infections. A special emphasis is given to the employment of lipid nanoparticles, due to their recognized efficacy, versatility and biocompatibility, attracting the major attention as novel topical nanocompounds used for the administration of antifungal drugs.

FG90 chitosan as a new polymer for metronidazole mucoadhesive tablets for vaginal administration.

PubMed

Perioli, Luana; Ambrogi, Valeria; Pagano, Cinzia; Scuota, Stefania; Rossi, Carlo

2009-07-30

Topical administration of the antibacterial metronidazole (MET) represents the most common therapy in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The formulations generally available for BV therapy are creams, gels, vaginal lavages and vaginal suppositories. In this study, a new dosage form, containing MET, was developed with the aim to realize vaginal mucoadhesive tablets by including bioadhesive polymers as chitosan (FG90C), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK90) and polycarbophil (PCPAA1), blended in different ratios. All formulations were characterized by studies of DSC, friability, hardness, hydration, mucoadhesion, in vitro release and antibacterial activity. All polymer mixtures employed were used to prepare tablets with the compactness and hardness so as allow the application on vaginal mucosa. FG90C performances improved in particular when mixed to PVPK90 (1:1 ratio). This kind of delivery system is suitable for formulating MET for topical application representing a good alternative to traditional dosage forms for vaginal topical administration.

75 FR 69089 - Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; Class II Special Controls Guidance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

...: Tissue Adhesive With Adjunct Wound Closure Device Intended for the Topical Approximation of Skin... Document: Tissue Adhesive with Adjunct Wound Closure Device Intended for the Topical Approximation of Skin... intended for the topical approximation of skin may comply with the requirement of special controls for...

Efficacy of Benzocaine 20% Topical Anesthetic Compared to Placebo Prior to Administration of Local Anesthesia in the Oral Cavity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

de Freiras, Guilherme Camponogara; Pozzobon, Roselaine Terezinha; Blaya, Diego Segatto; Moreira, Carlos Heitor

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a topical anesthetic to a placebo on pain perception during administration of local anesthesia in 2 regions of the oral cavity. A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized clinical trial design was used. Thirty-eight subjects, ages 18-50 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, received 4 anesthetic injections each in regions corresponding to the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) and greater palatine nerve (GPN), totaling 152 sites analyzed. The side of the mouth where the topical anesthetic (benzocaine 20%) or the placebo was to be applied was chosen by a flip of a coin. The needle used was 27G, and the anesthetic used for administration of local anesthesia was 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. After receiving the administration of local anesthesia, each patient reported pain perception on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100-mm length. The results showed that the topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects: there was no statistically significant VAS difference between the PSA and the GPN pain ratings. A higher value on the VAS for the anesthesia of the GPN, relative to the PSA, was observed for both groups. Regarding gender, male patients had higher values on the VAS compared with female patients, but these differences were not meaningful. The topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects on pain perception for injection of local anesthesia for the PSA and GPN.

Efficacy of Benzocaine 20% Topical Anesthetic Compared to Placebo Prior to Administration of Local Anesthesia in the Oral Cavity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

de Freiras, Guilherme Camponogara; Pozzobon, Roselaine Terezinha; Blaya, Diego Segatto; Moreira, Carlos Heitor

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a topical anesthetic to a placebo on pain perception during administration of local anesthesia in 2 regions of the oral cavity. A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized clinical trial design was used. Thirty-eight subjects, ages 18–50 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, received 4 anesthetic injections each in regions corresponding to the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) and greater palatine nerve (GPN), totaling 152 sites analyzed. The side of the mouth where the topical anesthetic (benzocaine 20%) or the placebo was to be applied was chosen by a flip of a coin. The needle used was 27G, and the anesthetic used for administration of local anesthesia was 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. After receiving the administration of local anesthesia, each patient reported pain perception on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100-mm length. The results showed that the topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects: there was no statistically significant VAS difference between the PSA and the GPN pain ratings. A higher value on the VAS for the anesthesia of the GPN, relative to the PSA, was observed for both groups. Regarding gender, male patients had higher values on the VAS compared with female patients, but these differences were not meaningful. The topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects on pain perception for injection of local anesthesia for the PSA and GPN. PMID:26061572

Science in Educational Administration: A Comment on the Holmes-Greenfield Dialogue [and] Absolutism and Educational Administration: A Response to Ryan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, James J.; Holmes, Mark

1988-01-01

Two articles comment on the debate over the utility of science in educational administration. Critiques of various positions on the topic point out the possible effects of conservatism and positivism on inequality and inequity in educational administration. (CB)

Terbinafine: novel formulations that potentiate antifungal activities.

PubMed

Ma, Y; Chen, X; Guan, S

2015-03-01

Terbinafine, an orally and topically active antifungal agent, has been available for the treatment of dermatophytic infections and onychomycosis for more than a decade. In addition, oral administration has been shown to be associated with drug-drug interactions, hepatotoxicity, low concentration at the infected sites, gastrointestinal and systemic side effects and other adverse effects. Since topical drug delivery can provide higher patient compliance, allow immediate access to the infected site and reduce unwanted systemic drug exposure, an improved topical drug delivery approach with high permeability, sustained release and prolonged retainment could overcome the limitations and side effects caused by oral administration. Conventional topical formulations cannot keep the drug in the targeted sites for a long duration of time and hence a novel drug delivery that can avoid the side effects while still providing sustained efficacy in treatment should be developed. This brief review of novel formulations based on polymers and nanostructure carriers provides insight into the efficacy and topical delivery of terbinafine. Copyright 2015 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.

Handbook for the Administration of Academic Departments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hotchkiss, Courtlyn W., Comp.

A handbook to assist newly appointed department heads at Colorado State University is presented. Topics include: the organization of the university, departmental organization, faculty personnel matters, staff personnel administration, fiscal operation, and research administration. The majority of departments operate under departmental codes…

Blood Loss and Transfusion After Topical Tranexamic Acid Administration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

PubMed

Wang, Hao; Shen, Bin; Zeng, Yi

2015-11-01

There has been much debate and controversy about the safety and efficacy of the topical use of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is less blood loss and lower rates of transfusion after topical tranexamic acid administration in primary TKA. A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase was undertaken. All randomized, controlled trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of topical tranexamic acid during primary TKA were included. The focus of the analysis was on the outcomes of blood loss results, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications. Subgroup analysis was performed when possible. Of 387 studies identified, 16 comprising 1421 patients (1481 knees) were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis. This study indicated that when compared with the control group, topical application of tranexamic acid significantly reduced total drain output (mean difference, -227.20; 95% confidence interval, -347.11 to -107.30; P<.00001), total blood loss (mean difference, -311.28; 95% confidence interval, -404.94 to -217.62; P<.00001), maximum postoperative hemoglobin decrease (mean difference, -0.73; 95% confidence interval, -0.96 to -0.50; P<.00001), and blood transfusion requirements (risk ratios, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.43; P=.14). The authors found a statistically significant reduction in blood loss and transfusion rates when using topical tranexamic acid in primary TKA. Furthermore, the currently available evidence does not support an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism due to tranexamic acid administration. Topical tranexamic acid was effective for reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements without increasing the prevalence of thromboembolic complications. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

ADMINISTRATIVE HANDBOOK ON SUMMER SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PARKER, ROBERT E.

REGULATIONS, SCHEDULES, AND SUGGESTED ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR SECONDAY LEVEL SUMMER SCHOOLS ARE INCLUDED IN AN ADMINISTRATIVE HANDBOOK. SPECIFIC ENTRIES DEAL WITH SUCH TOPICS AS PURPOSES OF THE SUMMER SCHOOLS, REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVAL OF A SCHOOL, REGIONAL COOPERATION, CONSERVATION OF TALENT PROGRAMS, VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS AND CREDIT…

New Perspectives in Administration: Report of an Elementary Principals' Conference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dohnal, Hope

1975-01-01

A conference on new perspectives in school administration was held for elementary school principals in the summer of 1975 by the Confederation of Oregon School Administrators. This paper summarizes material presented in five topic areas by eight speakers. Steve Goldschmidt's talk on school law touched on the administrator's and the school's…

The Pennsylvania Adult Basic & Literacy Education Handbook for Program Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reiff, Tana, Ed.

This handbook is an introduction to the topics that adult basic and literacy education (ABLE) program administrators need to know. The 77 articles by various authors are divided into 6 sections. "A Background for the ABLE Program Administrator" covers the definition of a program administrator, a guiding philosophy, a brief history of…

Photochemoprevention of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by brown algae polyphenols.

PubMed

Hwang, Hyejeong; Chen, Tong; Nines, Ronald G; Shin, Hyeon-Cheol; Stoner, Gary D

2006-12-15

Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. In this study, the effect of dietary feeding and topical application of brown algae polyphenols on UVB radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice was investigated. SKH-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 9 groups, including control, UVB control and treatment groups. They were treated orally (0.1% and 0.5% with AIN-76 diet, w/w) and topically (3 and 6 mg/0.2 ml of vehicle) with brown algae polyphenols and irradiated with UVB for 26 weeks. Dietary feeding (0.1% and 0.5%) of brown algae polyphenols significantly reduced tumor multiplicity (45% and 56%) and tumor volume (54% and 65%), and topical administration (3 and 6 mg) significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (60% and 46%) and tumor volume (66% and 57%), respectively, per tumor-bearing mouse. Dietary feeding and topical administration of the polyphenols also inhibited tumor incidence by 6% and 21%, respectively, but the results were not significant. Dietary and topical administration of the polyphenols markedly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 activity and cell proliferation. These observations show that brown algae polyphenols have an antiphotocarcinogenic effect which may be associated with the prevention of UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in the skin. Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

77 FR 14561 - Tribal Consultation Sessions-Administrative Organizational Assessment Draft Report...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Tribal Consultation Sessions--Administrative Organizational Assessment Draft Report, Organizational Streamlining of BIA and BIE, and BIE Topics AGENCY: Office of the Assistant...: the Administrative Organizational Assessment Draft Report on the organization of the AS-IA; ways to...

Migrant Education Administrative Handbook. Revised April 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Div. of Compensatory Education.

The revised handbook provides specific references to the legislation and the National Migrant Program Guidelines, while setting forth the administrative procedures required for migrant projects in North Carolina. Specific topics of discussion in migrant program administration cover Public Law 89-750, state and local educational agency…

Acceptable Practices in Maintaining Personnel Files.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of School Personnel Administrators, Seven Hills, OH.

Determining acceptable practices in maintaining personnel files is a pertinent issue for school personnel administrators today. Recognizing this, the Georgia Association of School Personnel Administrators accepted the study of this topic as a committee assignment from the American Association of School Personnel Administrators. A survey instrument…

Financial and Managerial Accounting for School Administrators: Superintendents, School Business Administrators, and Principals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everett, R. E.; And Others

This book updates the classic text "Public School Fund Accounting Principles and Procedures" (Tidwell 1960). The book is designed to be used primarily as a textbook at the graduate level with students training to be school administrators, school business administrators, or principals. A list of topics covered include an overview of school…

Dermal carotenoid level and kinetics after topical and systemic administration of antioxidants: enrichment strategies in a controlled in vivo study.

PubMed

Darvin, Maxim E; Fluhr, Joachim W; Schanzer, Sabine; Richter, Heike; Patzelt, Alexa; Meinke, Martina C; Zastrow, Leonhard; Golz, Karin; Doucet, Olivier; Sterry, Wolfram; Lademann, Juergen

2011-10-01

High doses of sun-emitted UV-radiation induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as major pro-oxidants thus inducing premature skin aging. The best prevention of the destructive action of free radicals in human skin is textile coverings, topical sunscreens and the development of a high antioxidative protective network. The effects of topical, systemic and combined application of antioxidants (AO) were investigated on human skin in vivo. Topical application of creams and systemic incorporation of tablets both containing AO was investigated in vivo by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Topical, systemic and combined AO-treatments induced a statistically significant increase of AO levels in human skin while placebo did not show any changes. The highest accumulation was induced by the combination of topical and systemic AO. Carotenoid-tablets combined with placebo-cream induced less carotenoid accumulation than carotenoid-tablets alone. Carotenoid levelling after the end of treatment lasted for around 2 weeks following the topical application of AOs, and up to 5 weeks after systemic administration, depending on the BMI of volunteers. Topically applied AO are stored in the SC for a short time only due to the rapid AO-depletion by desquamation, textile contact, washing and environmental stress. In contrast to topical application, the systemically applied carotenoids are stored in the body fat tissue and slowly released onto the skin surface with sweat and sebum. The combined topical and systemic application of AO represents an optimal form of protection of the AO-network. Copyright © 2011 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Medical Administrative Systems. Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patton, Jan

This curriculum guide provides materials for teachers to use in developing a course in medical administrative systems. Following an introductory section that lists the common essential elements of the course, the guide contains seven sections that cover the following course topics: (1) introduction to medical administrative systems; (2) word…

A Blueprint for Developing Culturally Proficient/Responsive School Administrators in Special Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakken, Jeffrey P.; Smith, Beverly A.

2011-01-01

This article addresses the important topic of culturally proficient/responsive school administrators for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with learning disabilities (LD). Culturally proficient/responsive school administrators with knowledge and strong leadership skills in multicultural education are essential to impact school…

Intranasal delivery of ciprofloxacin to rats: A topical approach using a thermoreversible in situ gel.

PubMed

Sousa, Joana; Alves, Gilberto; Oliveira, Paula; Fortuna, Ana; Falcão, Amílcar

2017-01-15

Intranasal administration of antibiotics is an alternative and attractive delivery approach in the treatment of local infections such as chronic rhinosinusitis. This topical route has the advantage of delivering high drug concentrations directly to the site of infection when trying to eradicate the highly resistant bacterial biofilms. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of ciprofloxacin following intranasal and intravenous administrations to rats in plasma, olfactory bulb and nasal mucosa of two different nasal regions. For intranasal administration a thermoreversible in situ gel was used to increase drug residence time in nasal cavity. Ciprofloxacin concentration time-profile in nasal mucosa of the studied anterior region (at naso- and maxilloturbinates level) was markedly higher after intranasal administration (0.24mg/kg) than that following intravenous administration (10mg/kg), while in nasal mucosa of the more posterior region (at ethmoidal turbinates level) ciprofloxacin concentrations were found to be higher after intranasal administration when the different dose administered by both routes is taken into account. A plateau in ciprofloxacin concentration was observed in nasal mucosa of both studied regions after intranasal administration, suggesting a slow delivery of the drug over a period of time using the nasal gel formulation. In plasma and olfactory bulb, concentration of ciprofloxacin was residual after intranasal administration, which demonstrates this is a safe administration route by preventing systemic and particularly central nervous system adverse effects. Dose-normalized pharmacokinetic parameters of ciprofloxacin exposure to nasal mucosa revealed higher values after intranasal delivery not only in the anterior region but also in the posterior nasal region. In conclusion, topical intranasal administration appears to be advantageous for delivering ciprofloxacin to the biophase, with negligible systemic and brain exposure using a 41.7-fold lower dose than intravenous administration. Therefore, it may represent a promising approach in the drug management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Topical antibiotics and neurosurgery: Have we forgotten to study it?

PubMed Central

Alves, Raphael Vicente; Godoy, Roberto

2010-01-01

Background: For neurosurgery, the last decades have been a time of incredible improvement in areas such as imaging, microscopy, endoscopy, stereotactic guidance, navigation, radiosurgery and endovascular techniques. However, the efficacy of topical antibiotic prophylaxis in neurological operations remains to be established by neurosurgeons. Methods: The authors did an historical review of the literature regarding the utilization of topical antibiotic prophylaxis in neurological operations. The Pub Med database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health was utilized as the primary source of the literature. The authors performed the search by using the following Mesh terms: “neurosurgery” or “neurosurgical procedures” and “administration, topical” and “antibiotic prophylaxis”; “neurosurgery” or “neurosurgical procedures” and “administration, topical” and “antibacterial agents.” Results: In the last 70 years, we have poorly studied the use of topical antibiotics in neurosurgery. All the papers reported were Class III evidence. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, there is no publication that provided Class I or II evidence about topical antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery. PMID:20882106

Staff Development Resources, 1989-90. ITV Connection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Instructional Technology.

This staff development resource guide includes listings of television and radio broadcasts categorized by topical emphasis. Television program topics include: administration; adult education; arts; career education; certificate-renewal credit courses; college credit courses; computer education and new technology; custodial training; early…

Evaluation of the mydriatic effects of topical administration of rocuronium bromide in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

PubMed

Petritz, Olivia A; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Gustavsen, Kate; Wiggans, K Tomo; Kass, Philip H; Houck, Emma; Murphy, Christopher J; Paul-Murphy, Joanne

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVE :To determine the mydriatic effects of topical rocuronium bromide administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and to identify any adverse effects associated with treatment. Randomized crossover study. 8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Rocuronium bromide (20 μL/eye; 10 mg/mL) or saline (20 μL/eye; 0.9% NaCl) solution was administered in both eyes of each bird with a 26-day washout period. The birds were manually restrained in lateral recumbency with the apex of the cornea positioned upward for 2 minutes following administration in each eye. Infrared pupillometry and direct pupillary light reflex measurements were used to evaluate the mydriatic effects. Pupillary measurements were recorded prior to administration and every 20 minutes for 2 hours after administration, then hourly for a total of 7 hours. A brief physical examination was performed, direct pupillary light reflex was tested, and fluorescein staining was performed on each eye of each bird 24 hours after administration. A significant difference in pupillary diameter for the active versus control treatment group was noted from 20 to 360 minutes after drug administration, but not at 420 minutes. Minimal adverse effects were noted. Three birds had transient inferior eyelid paresis noted in both eyes after receiving rocuronium; 24 hours after the treatment, no differences in ocular measurements existed between the active and control treatments. Results suggested that topical rocuronium bromide administration may be safely used for pupillary dilation in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and could be used for clinical evaluation, fundus imaging, and surgical interventions involving the lens and posterior segment in this species.

Purchasing a Microprocessor System for Administrative Use in Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshall, David G.

1982-01-01

Describes a series of decision-making steps regarding the purchase of microcomputers for administrative use in schools. Includes such topics as defining information needs and purchasing computer hardware and software. (Author/JJD)

Grants and Contracts Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holman, Paul C.

One of the roles of administration is to assist the faculty and staff of an institution in the development and administration of grants. A portion of this role includes fulfilling an obligation to sponsors who have furnished funding for vital activities by providing administrative direction. Covering such topics as preparing an application, tax…

78 FR 13070 - Guidance for Clinical Investigators, Industry, and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Financial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/RunningClinicalTrials/GuidancesInformationSheetsand...] (formerly 1999D-4396) Guidance for Clinical Investigators, Industry, and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS...

Child Nutrition Programs: Administrative and Financial Handbook. Bulletin No. 96206.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. Bureau for Food and Nutrition Services.

This guide sets forth federal and Wisconsin state policy regarding administration and financial management of child nutrition programs. The first of the three main sections of the document covers United States Department of Agriculture administrative policies. The topics included in this section are as follows: (1) "Reimbursement"…

Discussions on Aristotle's "Ethics": Implications for Teachers and Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pemberton, Janette E.

A number of passages from Aristotle's "Ethics" are discussed in this paper, and their implications for teachers and administrators are examined. Among the many topics considered in relation to teaching and administration are: the importance of performing duties for their own sakes, tbe indispensability of knowledge, the need for…

77 FR 20437 - Susan Harwood Training Grant Program, FY 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-04

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Occupational Safety and Health Administration Susan Harwood Training Grant... availability of funds and solicitation for Grant Applications (SGA) for Targeted Topic Training, and Targeted Topic Training and Educational Materials Development Grants. Funding Opportunity No.: SHTG-FY-12-01...

The School Leadership Literature in Managerialist Times: Exploring the Problem of Textual Apologism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thrupp, Martin

2003-01-01

Critiques major topics or themes in school-leadership texts, such as problem-solving techniques; suggests alternative topics or themes for school administrators, such as ideas-based leadership. Draws implications for writers on school leadership. (Contains 59 references.) (PKP)

Pluronic® F-127 and Pluronic Lecithin Organogel (PLO): main features and their applications in topical and transdermal administration of drugs.

PubMed

Almeida, Hugo; Amaral, Maria Helena; Lobão, Paulo; Lobo, José Manuel Sousa

2012-01-01

Topical drug treatment aims at providing high concentrations of drugs at the site of application so as to avoid adverse systemic effects associated with oral administration. Smart polymers, or stimuli-responsive polymers, are able to respond to a stimulus by showing physical or chemical changes in their behaviour as, for example, the delivery of the drug carried by them. The thermo-responsive nature of Pluronic® F-127 (Basf, Ludwigshafen, Germany) makes it an excellent candidate for the delivery of drugs at various application sites. In recent years, PF-127, and later, Pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO), have attracted particular interest in the design of dermal and transdermal delivery systems with a view to promoting, improving or retarding drug permeation through the skin, bearing in mind that for topical delivery systems, accumulation in the skin with minimal permeation is desired, while for systemic delivery, the opposite behaviour is preferred. In this review, we discuss the properties and characteristics of PF-127 and Pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO), and present many examples and advantages of the application of these polymeric systems in topical and transdermal administration of drugs. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.

Tissue disposition of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone following intravenous and topical administration in rats.

PubMed

Fediuk, Daryl J; Wang, Tao; Chen, Yufei; Parkinson, Fiona E; Namaka, Michael P; Simons, Keith J; Burczynski, Frank J; Gu, Xiaochen

2011-10-01

The insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone (OBZ) have been shown to produce synergistic permeation enhancement when applied concurrently in vitro and in vivo. The disposition of both compounds following intravenous administration (2 mg/kg of DEET or OBZ) and topical skin application (100 mg/kg of DEET and 40 mg/kg of OBZ) was determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacokinetic analysis was also conducted using compartmental and non-compartmental methods. A two-compartment model was deemed the best fit for intravenous administration. The DEET and oxybenzone permeated across the skin to accumulate in blood, liver and kidney following topical skin application. Combined use of DEET and oxybenzone accelerated the disappearance of both compounds from the application site, increased their distribution in the liver and significantly decreased the apparent elimination half-lives of both compounds (p < 0.05). Hepatoma cell studies revealed toxicity from exposure to all treatment concentrations, most notably at 72 h. Although DEET and oxybenzone were capable of mutually enhancing their percutaneous permeation and systemic distribution from topical skin application, there was no evidence of increased hepatotoxic deficits from concurrent application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

21 CFR 333.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE First Aid Antibiotic Drug... drug product applied topically to the skin to help prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns...

21 CFR 868.5170 - Laryngotracheal topical anesthesia applicator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Laryngotracheal topical anesthesia applicator. 868.5170 Section 868.5170 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5170 Laryngotracheal...

21 CFR 868.5170 - Laryngotracheal topical anesthesia applicator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Laryngotracheal topical anesthesia applicator. 868.5170 Section 868.5170 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5170 Laryngotracheal...

Medical devices; reclassification of the topical oxygen chamber for extremities. Final rule.

PubMed

2011-04-25

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reclassifying the topical oxygen chamber for extremities (TOCE) from class III to class II. This device is intended to surround a patient's limb and apply humidified oxygen topically at a pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure to aid healing of chronic skin ulcers, such as bedsores. This reclassification is on the Secretary of Health and Human Services's own initiative based on new information. This action is being taken under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (the 1976 Amendments), the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (the SMDA), and the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA). Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document entitled ``Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Topical Oxygen Chamber for Extremities,'' which will serve as the special control for this device.

Evaluation of β-blocker gel and effect of dosing volume for topical delivery.

PubMed

Zhang, Qian; Chantasart, Doungdaw; Li, S Kevin

2015-05-01

Although topical administration of β-blockers is desired because of the improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic adverse effects compared with systemic administration in the treatment of infantile hemangioma, the permeation of β-blockers across skin under finite dose conditions has not been systematically studied and an effective topical β-blocker formulation for skin application is not available. The present study evaluated the permeation of β-blockers propranolol, betaxolol, and timolol across human epidermal membrane (HEM) from a topical gel in Franz diffusion cells in vitro under various dosing conditions. The effects of occlusion and dosing volume on percutaneous absorption of β-blockers from the gel were studied. The permeation data were compared with those of finite dose diffusion theory. The results showed that skin permeation of β-blockers generally could be enhanced two to three times by skin occlusion. The cumulative amounts of β-blockers permeated across HEM increased with increasing dosing volume. An adequate fit was obtained between the theoretical curve and experimental permeation data, indicating that the experimental results of the gel are consistent with finite dose diffusion theory. In conclusion, the findings suggest the feasibility of using topical gels of β-blockers for infantile hemangioma treatment and topical application with skin occlusion is preferred. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib on corneal inflammation.

PubMed

Sakimoto, Tohru; Ishimori, Akiko

2016-04-01

We evaluated an anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib, janus kinase (JAK) blocker, on corneal inflammation. Topical instillation of either tofacitinib or PBS was applied after wounding BALB/c mice corneas with alkali burn. Topical instillation was performed until day 14 after injury and injured eye was analyzed. The vascularized area in the alkali burned cornea was significantly reduced in the tofacitinib group compared with that in the PBS group. The immunoreactivity of Gr-1, F4/80, IFN-γ, and phosphorylated STAT(signal transducer and activator of transcription)1 in corneal stroma was diminished significantly in the tofacitinib group. Using laser capture microdissection system and quantitative PCR array analysis, the expression levels of CXCL9, CXCL5, CCL7, CCL2, MMP(matrix metalloproteinase)-9, and STAT1 in corneal stroma were down-regulated in the tofacitinib group. In in vitro study, human fibroblast pretreated by IFN-γ showed phosphorylation of STAT1, and this phosphorylation was down-regulated by adding tofacitinib to the culture medium. These results indicate the topical application of JAK inhibitor causes down-regulation of JAK- or IFN-γ-related molecules. Therefore, we deduce that application of JAK inhibitor for topical instillation may contribute to the treatment of corneal inflammation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Feline penile erection induced by topical glans penis application of combination alprostadil and SEPA (Topiglan).

PubMed

Usta, M F; Sanabria, J; Bivalacqua, T J; Hellstrom, W J G; Sanabriav, J

2004-02-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topically applied prostaglandin E1 (PGE(1))+5% SEPA (soft enhancement of percutaneous absorption) on the glans penis in a feline erection model. Erectile response after glans penis administration of PGE(1)+5% SEPA cream (Topiglan, MacroChem Co., Lexington, MA, USA) was compared to the erectile response after intracavernosal administration of the triple-drug combination (1.65 mg papaverine, 25 microg phentolamine, and 0.5 microg PGE(1)). The placebo cream and increasing concentrations (0.25%, 2.5 mg/ml; 0.5%, 5 mg/ml; and 1%, 10 mg/ml) of PGE(1)+5% SEPA were applied in a total volume of 0.1 ml via a plastic needle-less syringe. The control triple-drug combination was administrated intracavernosally via a 30-gauge needle at the completion of each experiment to serve as a control reference. With each application of placebo, PGE(1)+SEPA, and the triple-drug combination, changes in intracavernosal pressure and systemic blood pressure were continuously monitored. Topical application of PGE(1)+SEPA induced increases in intracavernosal pressure in a dose-dependent manner, with minimal effects on systemic blood pressure. The increases obtained with 1% PGE(1) Topiglan cream were similar to the intracavernosal pressure values elicited by the standard intracavernosal triple-drug combination. These data demonstrate that topical glans penis application of PGE(1)+SEPA can induce an erectile response in cats with minimal systemic adverse effects. Oral pharmacological agents are the first-line treatment for male ED. Studies investigating the effectiveness of noninvasive modalities such as topical therapy should continue, because these agents have the potential to avoid the systemic effects commonly seen with oral therapies. Additionally, topical therapy may also benefit patients who are unresponsive to oral agents or have explicit contraindications. Topical PGE(1) application to the glans penis may become an important treatment option in selected patients suffering from erectile dysfunction.

Personnel Administration in Education: Leadership for Instructional Improvement. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Ben M.; And Others

The central thesis of this book is that personnel administration must be concerned more with the process of educational change and less with the filling of openings, more with instructional change and less with instructional personnel per se. The 12 chapters deal with these personnel administration topics: (1) the improvement of instruction…

Central inhibition of initiation of swallowing by systemic administration of diazepam and baclofen in anaesthetized rats.

PubMed

Tsujimura, Takanori; Sakai, Shogo; Suzuki, Taku; Ujihara, Izumi; Tsuji, Kojun; Magara, Jin; Canning, Brendan J; Inoue, Makoto

2017-05-01

Dysphagia is caused not only by neurological and/or structural damage but also by medication. We hypothesized memantine, dextromethorphan, diazepam, and baclofen, all commonly used drugs with central sites of action, may regulate swallowing function. Swallows were evoked by upper airway (UA)/pharyngeal distension, punctate mechanical stimulation using a von Frey filament, capsaicin or distilled water (DW) applied topically to the vocal folds, and electrical stimulation of a superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) in anesthetized rats and were documented by recording electromyographic activation of the suprahyoid and thyrohyoid muscles and by visualizing laryngeal elevation. The effects of intraperitoneal or topical administration of each drug on swallowing function were studied. Systemic administration of diazepam and baclofen, but not memantine or dextromethorphan, inhibited swallowing evoked by mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimulation. Both benzodiazepines and GABA A receptor antagonists diminished the inhibitory effects of diazepam, whereas a GABA B receptor antagonist diminished the effects of baclofen. Topically applied diazepam or baclofen had no effect on swallowing. These data indicate that diazepam and baclofen act centrally to inhibit swallowing in anesthetized rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Systemic administration of diazepam and baclofen, but not memantine or dextromethorphan, inhibited swallowing evoked by mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimulation. Both benzodiazepines and GABA A receptor antagonists diminished the inhibitory effects of diazepam, whereas a GABA B receptor antagonist diminished the effects of baclofen. Topical applied diazepam or baclofen was without effect on swallowing. Diazepam and baclofen act centrally to inhibit swallowing in anesthetized rats. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

21 CFR 333.280 - Professional labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Professional labeling. 333.280 Section 333.280 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE Topical Antifungal...

21 CFR 333.280 - Professional labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE Topical Antifungal... haloprogin or miconazole nitrate identified in § 333.210 (a) and (c). “For the treatment of superficial skin...

The effect of tooth brushing, irrigation, and topical tetracycline administration on the reduction of oral bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary study.

PubMed

Hayashida, Saki; Funahara, Madoka; Sekino, Motohiro; Yamaguchi, Noriko; Kosai, Kosuke; Yanamoto, Souichi; Yanagihara, Katsunori; Umeda, Masahiro

2016-06-07

One of the main causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is thought to be aspiration of oropharyngeal fluid containing pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various oral care methods on the reduction of oral bacteria during intubation. First, the effect of mechanical oral cleaning was investigated. The bacterial count on the tongue and in the oropharyngeal fluid was measured after tooth brushing, irrigation, and three hours after irrigation in mechanically ventilated patients at the intensive care unit (ICU). Next, the efficacy of topical administration of tetracycline and povidone iodine on the inhibition of bacterial growth on the tongue and in the oropharyngeal fluid was examined in oral cancer patients during neck dissection. The number of bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid was approximately 10(5)-10(6) cfu/mL before surgery, but increased to 10(8) cfu/mL after intubation. Oral care with tooth brushing and mucosal cleaning did not reduce oral bacteria, while irrigation of the oral cavity and oropharynx significantly decreased it to a level of 10(5) cfu/mL (p < 0.001). However, oral bacteria increased again to almost 10(8) cfu/mL within three hours of irrigation. Oral bacteria did not decrease by topical povidone iodine application. In contrast, 30 min after topical administration of tetracycline, the number of oral bacteria decreased to 10(5) cfu/mL, and remained under 10(6) cfu/mL throughout the entire experimental period of 150 min. While the present studies are only preliminary, these results indicate that irrigation of the oral cavity and oropharynx followed by topical antibiotic administration may reduce oral bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients. UMIN000018318 , 1 August 2015.

Efficacy and safety of topical tranexamic acid in knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

López-Hualda, Álvaro; Dauder-Gallego, Cristina; Ferreño-Márquez, David; Martínez-Martín, Javier

2018-02-26

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used to control postoperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. In order to avoid adverse effects associated with intravenous administration, topical use has been proposed as an alternative. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical TXA in total knee arthroplasty. A total of 90 patients scheduled for unilateral total knee arthroplasty were included in a prospective randomised study. All surgeries were performed under spinal anaesthesia, tourniquet and the same postoperative protocol. Patients were allocated to one of the 3 groups according to the application of TXA: group A (n=30) 1g of topical TXA; group B (n=30) 1g of TXA intravenous and in group C or the control group (n=30) no drug was administrated. Parameters related to blood loss and drain outputs were compared between the 3 groups. The results revealed that post-operative decrease in haemoglobin level was significantly lower in group A (1.95g/dL) than group B (2.25g/dL) and group C (2.96g/dL), P<.01. Total postoperative blood loss was lower in group A (195mL) than group B (466mL) and group C (718mL), P<.01. There was no significant difference in complications and allogenic blood transfusion rate between the 3 groups. According to the results, topical application of 1g TXA significantly reduced blood loss in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty more than intravenous or no administration of TXA. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Foreign Policy Choices for Americans: A Nonpartisan Guide for Voters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.; And Others

Eighteen foreign policy topics are presented in this book to provide voters, officeholders, candidates, students, and teachers with background information, facts, and U.S. foreign policies. A fact list, historical background information, current administration policy, and policy alternatives are described for most of these topics. Part 1 discusses…

Innovation Abstracts, Volume IV, Numbers 1-36.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Karen, Ed.

1982-01-01

Brief, two-page abstracts are provided on 36 educational topics of interest to community college faculty, administrators, and staff. The topics covered are: (1) a student retention technique; (2) educational productivity and quality; (3) competency-based adult education; (4) part-time faculty; (5) Beaver College's (Pennsylvania) writing across the…

21 CFR 333.201 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 333.201 Section 333.201 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE Topical Antifungal Drug Products § 333...

76 FR 56770 - Food and Drug Administration/Xavier University Global Outsourcing Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

..., Pharma Case Study on How to Manage a Global Complex Supply Chain, USP : Good Storage and Distribution... through topics such as Strategic Procurement, End-to-End lifecycle product management, Managing Global Complex Supply Chains, and other topics. The experience level of our audience has fostered engaged dialog...

Intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid administration in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Shin, Young-Soo; Yoon, Jung-Ro; Lee, Hoon-Nyun; Park, Se-Hwan; Lee, Dae-Hee

2017-11-01

This meta-analysis was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (IV) versus topical administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by evaluating the need for allogenic blood transfusion, incidence of postoperative complications, volume of postoperative blood loss, and change in haemoglobin levels. Studies were included in this meta-analysis to check whether they assessed the allogenic blood transfusion rate, postoperative complications including pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), volume of postoperative blood loss via drainage, estimated blood loss, total blood loss, and change in haemoglobin levels before and after surgery in primary TKA with TXA administered through both the IV and topical routes. Ten studies were included in this meta-analysis. The proportion of patients requiring allogenic blood transfusion (OR 1.34, 95 % CI 0.63-2.81; n.s.) and the proportion of patients who developed postoperative complications including PTE or DVT (OR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.41 to 1.77; n.s.) did not significantly differ between the two groups. There was 52.3 mL less blood loss via drainage (95 % CI -50.74 to 185.66 mL; n.s.), 52.1 mL greater estimated blood loss (95 % CI -155.27 to 51.03 mL; n.s.), and 51.4 mL greater total blood loss (95 % CI -208.16 to 105.31 mL; n.s.) in the topical TXA group as compared to the IV TXA group. The two groups were also similar in terms of the change in haemoglobin levels (0.02 g/dL, 95 % CI -0.36 to 0.39 g/dL; n.s.). In primary TKA, there are no significant differences in the transfusion requirement, postoperative complications, blood loss, and change in haemoglobin levels between the IV and topical administration of TXA. In addition, results from subgroup analysis evaluating the effect of the times of TXA administration through the IV route suggested that double IV dose of TXA is more effective than single dose in terms of the transfusion requirements and blood loss via drainage. The current meta-analysis indicates that IV administration of 10 mg/kg of TXA 20 min before inflation of the tourniquet followed by 10 mg/kg of TXA 15 min before deflation of the tourniquet is effective and safe. The topical administration of 2 g of TXA mixed with 100 mL of normal saline after wound closure could be an alternative option in patients at greater risk of thromboembolic complications. Meta-analysis, Level III.

Guide to the Administration of Charitable Remainder Trusts. Third Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, David W.; And Others

This is the third edition of a workbook prepared as a kind of primer for those responsible for the administration of charitable remainder trusts in accordance with the Tax Reform Act of 1969. The topics covered include: trust administration in general; pooled income fund; unitrust; annuity trust; gift annuity; short term income (lead) trust; gift…

Which Route of Tranexamic Acid Administration is More Effective to Reduce Blood Loss Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?

PubMed

Keyhani, Sohrab; Esmailiejah, Ali Akbar; Abbasian, Mohammad Reza; Safdari, Farshad

2016-01-01

The most appropriate route of tranexamic acid administration is controversial. In the current study, we compared the efficacy of intravenous (IV) and topical intra-articular tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and transfusion rate in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. One hundred twenty 120 patients were scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty. Patients were randomly allocated to three equal groups: IV tranexamic acid (500 mg), topical tranexamic acid (3 g in 100 mL normal saline) and the control. In the topical group, half of the volume was used to irrigate the joint and the other half was injected intra-articularly. The volume of blood loss, hemoglobin (Hb) level at 24 hours postoperative, and rate of transfusion was compared between groups. The blood loss and Hb level were significantly greater and lower in the control group, respectively (P=0.031). Also, the rate of transfusion was significantly greater in the control group (P=0.013). However, IV and topical groups did not differ significantly in terms of measured variables. No patient experienced a thromboembolic event in our study. Tranexamic acid is a useful antifibrinolytic drug to reduce postoperative blood loss, Hb drop, and rate of blood transfusion in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The route of tranexamic acid administration did not affect the efficacy and safety.

78 FR 2293 - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-10

... Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION... amended, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announces a meeting of the Astrophysics... meeting includes the following topics: --Astrophysics Division Update --NASA Astrophysics Roadmapping It...

76 FR 59172 - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION... amended, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announces a meeting of the Astrophysics... topics: --Astrophysics Division Update. --James Webb Space Telescope Follow-Up. --Wide Field Infrared...

Address by James C. Fletcher, Administrator National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D.C., 10 November 1975

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Future plans and programs of the space agency are discussed. Topics discussed include solar energy, space stations, planetary exploration, interstellar exploration, the space shuttles, and satellites.

Early addition of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.

PubMed

Ray, Kathryn J; Srinivasan, Muthiah; Mascarenhas, Jeena; Rajaraman, Revathi; Ravindran, Meenakshi; Glidden, David V; Oldenburg, Catherine E; Sun, Catherine Q; Zegans, Michael E; McLeod, Stephen D; Acharya, Nisha R; Lietman, Thomas M

2014-06-01

Scarring from bacterial keratitis remains a leading cause of visual loss. To determine whether topical corticosteroids are beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis if given early in the course of infection. The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial that overall found no effect of adding topical corticosteroids to topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride in bacterial keratitis. Here, we assess the timing of administration of corticosteroids in a subgroup analysis of the SCUT. We define earlier administration of corticosteroids (vs placebo) as addition after 2 to 3 days of topical antibiotics and later as addition after 4 or more days of topical antibiotics. We assess the effect of topical corticosteroids (vs placebo) on 3-month best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in patients who received corticosteroids or placebo earlier vs later. Further analyses were performed for subgroups of patients with non-Nocardia keratitis and those with no topical antibiotic use before enrollment. Patients treated with topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy within 2 to 3 days of antibiotic therapy had approximately 1-line better visual acuity at 3 months than did those given placebo (-0.11 logMAR; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.02 logMAR; P = .01). In patients who had 4 or more days of antibiotic therapy before corticosteroid treatment, the effect was not significant; patients given corticosteroids had 1-line worse visual acuity at 3 months compared with those in the placebo group (0.10 logMAR; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.23 logMAR; P = .14). Patients with non-Nocardia keratitis and those having no topical antibiotic use before the SCUT enrollment showed significant improvement in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 3 months if corticosteroids were administered earlier rather than later. There may be a benefit with adjunctive topical corticosteroids if application occurs earlier in the course of bacterial corneal ulcers.

Topical dobesilate eye drops for ophthalmic primary pterygium

PubMed Central

Cuevas, Pedro; Outeiriño, Luis A; Angulo, Javier; Giménez-Gallego, Guillermo

2012-01-01

Selective inhibition of fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathways is effective in causing regression of pterygia. Prompt regression of fibrovascular mass and conjunctival angiogenesis was documented 2 weeks after topical administration of dobesilate eye drops twice daily. At 3-month follow-up, no recurrence was seen and no ocular irritation and burning were noted. The authors believe that this is the first known successful use of topical dobesilate in primary pterygium. PMID:22605609

Is topical haloperidol a useful glaucoma treatment?

PubMed Central

Lavin, M. J.; Andrews, V.

1986-01-01

A randomised, double blind, single dose study of topical haloperidol, a dopamine receptor blocking drug, was performed on 20 healthy volunteers. After its administration a modest reduction in intraocular pressure was recorded over the six-hour study period, but the difference was not significant at the p less than 0.05 level. Although dopamine blocking agents are effective in reducing intraocular pressure in experimental animals, topical haloperidol appears unlikely to be clinically useful in the treatment of glaucoma. PMID:3718908

Children's behavioral pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Bagherian, Ali; Sheikhfathollahi, Mahmood

2016-01-01

Topical anesthesia has been widely advocated as an important component of atraumatic administration of intraoral local anesthesia. The aim of this study was to use direct observation of children's behavioral pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia. Forty-eight children participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. They received two separate inferior alveolar nerve block or primary maxillary molar infiltration injections on contralateral sides of the jaws by both cotton-roll vibration (a combination of topical anesthesia gel, cotton roll, and vibration for physical distraction) and control (routine topical anesthesia) methods. Behavioral pain reactions of children were measured according to the author-developed face, head, foot, hand, trunk, and cry (FHFHTC) scale, resulting in total scores between 0 and 18. The total scores on the FHFHTC scale ranged between 0-5 and 0-10 in the cotton-roll vibration and control methods, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation values of total scores on FHFHTC scale were lower in the cotton-roll vibration method (1.21 ± 1.38) than in control method (2.44 ± 2.18), and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). It may be concluded that the cotton-roll vibration method can be more helpful than the routine topical anesthesia in reducing behavioral pain reactions in children during local anesthesia administration.

Emerging ocean issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richman, Barbara T.

1984-04-01

Seven topics have been identified by the topics committee of the Year of the Ocean as focal points of discussions as part of the Year of the Ocean celebration. The Year of the Ocean (Eos, June 19, 1984, p. 402, and April 24, 1984, p. 326) is a year-long commemoration and celebration, begun on July 1, of the oceans. The commemoration has been endorsed by Congress and by President Ronald Reagan.The topics committee is composed of nearly 20 representatives from government, industry, and academia. Thomas Maginnis, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's office of policy and planning, is the chairman of the topics committee.

78 FR 20356 - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-04

... Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION... amended, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announces a meeting of the Astrophysics... password [email protected] The agenda for the meeting includes the following topics: --Astrophysics Division...

76 FR 66998 - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

... Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting. AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION... amended, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announces a meeting of the Astrophysics... open to the public. The agenda for the meeting includes the following topic: --Astrophysics Division...

75 FR 19662 - Advisory Committee on Presidential Libraries Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-15

... NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Advisory Committee on Presidential Libraries Meeting... Records Administration (NARA) announces a meeting of the Advisory Committee on Presidential Libraries. The meeting will be held to discuss the Presidential Library program and topics related to the public-private...

76 FR 41825 - NASA Advisory Council; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice: (11-066)] NASA Advisory Council; Meeting... Space Administration announces a meeting of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC). The agenda topics for the....-12 p.m., Local Time. ADDRESSES: NASA Ames Conference Center (Building 3), Ballroom, 500 Severyns...

Supervision and Administration: Programs, Positions, Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, E. Andrew, Ed.

This anthology is a collection of 17 articles by arts supervisors and administrators. The authors discuss both specific and general aspects of art education program supervision. Topics include staff development, evaluation of art learning, integrating community cultural resources, establishing elementary art specialists, coordinating multiple arts…

Topics for Current and Future Consideration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pappas, James P.; Jerman, Jerry

2011-01-01

What lies ahead for nontraditional doctorate programs? What issues should concern administrators, faculty, and scholars? Faculty and administrators raised concerns that the marketplace demand for "nontraditional doctoral programs" would pollute the academic purity and sanctity of traditional programs. The authors provide some considerations for…

Topical application of ointment containing 0.5% green tea catechins suppresses tongue oxidative stress in 5-fluorouracil administered rats.

PubMed

Miyai, Hisataka; Maruyama, Takayuki; Tomofuji, Takaaki; Yoneda, Toshiki; Azuma, Tetsuji; Mizuno, Hirofumi; Sugiura, Yoshio; Kobayashi, Terumasa; Ekuni, Daisuke; Morita, Manabu

2017-10-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of topical application of green tea catechins on tongue oxidative stress induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration in rats. Male Wistar rats (n=28, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups of seven rats each: a negative control group (saline administration and application of ointment without green tea catechins), a positive control group (5-FU administration and application of ointment without green tea catechins), and two experimental groups (5-FU administration and application of ointment containing 0.1% or 0.5% green tea catechins). Topical application of each ointment to the ventral surface of the tongue was performed once a day for 5days. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. Fluorescence staining was also performed to confirm nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation to the nucleus. After the experimental period, the ratios of 8-OHdG-positive cells in the ventral tongue tissue were higher in the positive control group than in the negative control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, those in the 0.5% green tea catechin group, but not in the 0.1% green tea catechin group, were lower than the positive control group (P<0.05). In addition, Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus was greater in the 0.5% green tea catechin group than in the positive control group (P<0.05). Topical application of ointment containing 0.5% green tea catechins could prevent tongue oxidative stress in 5-FU administered rats, via up-regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

National Head Start Bulletin, 1993-1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Head Start Bulletin, 1995

1995-01-01

This document consists of the 15 issues of the "National Head Start Bulletin" published during the three-year period 1993-1995. The bulletin is devoted to subjects of concern to Head Start teachers and administrators; each issue focuses on one topic. A main article and several smaller articles discuss various aspects of the topic for…

The News about High School Journalism: Focused Access to Selected Topics (FAST) Bibliography No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowles, Margaret Haining

This annotated bibliography contains 33 items from the ERIC database on high school journalism topics of interest to student writers and editors, journalism instructors, publications advisers, and school administrators. The first section contains overviews. Ensuing sections address how journalism benefits students; legal issues in high school…

[Topical treatment of persistent cutaneous leishmaniasis with paromomycin].

PubMed

Flaig, M J; Rupec, J; Ruzicka, T; Rupec, R A

2007-08-01

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease with increasing prevalence in Germany. Diagnosis and therapy may be difficult due to the variability of the clinical and histomorphological picture and resistance to therapy. In this case study we report on a female patient with a persistent cutaneous leishmaniasis successfully treated with topical administration of paromomycin.

76 FR 1168 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Health and Diet...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-07

... annual Hours per Total hours respondents response responses response General Topics: Pretest......... 27... administration of the Health and Diet Survey--General Topics, the Agency plans to conduct a pretest to identify and resolve potential problems. The pretest will be conducted with 27 participants; we estimate that...

77 FR 14528 - Preparation for International Conference on Harmonization Steering Committee and Expert Working...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-12

... in Fukuoka, Japan; Regional Public Meeting AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice... ``Preparation for ICH Steering Committee and Expert Working Group Meetings in Fukuoka, Japan'' to provide... upcoming meetings in Fukuoka, Japan. The topics to be discussed are the topics for discussion at the...

76 FR 7219 - Determination That DECASPRAY (Dexamethasone) Topical Aerosol, 0.04%, and AEROSEB-DEX...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-09

... Effectiveness AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug... (dexamethasone) Topical Aerosol, 0.01%, were not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. This... safety or effectiveness or if FDA determines that the listed drug was withdrawn from sale for reasons of...

The Change Process at Schools Based on the Variables of School Administrators and Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balikçi, Abdullah; Akbasli, Sait; Sahin, Mehmet; Kiliç, Murat

2017-01-01

Change is a growing phenomenon in the era we live. The issue of change has been one of the topics of interest in the field of administration. In general, change refers to transfer from the present situation to another situation and differentiation. Implementations related to the change also affect today's education systems. School administrators,…

The Nation's Memory: The United States National Archives and Records Administration. An Interview with Don W. Wilson, Archivist of the United States, National Archives and Records Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodhead, Michael J.; Zink, Steven D.

1993-01-01

Discusses the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) through an interview with the Archivist of the United States, Don Wilson. Topics addressed include archival independence and congressional relations; national information policy; expansion plans; machine-readable archival records; preservation activities; and relations with other…

Medication administration via enteral feeding tube: a survey of pharmacists' knowledge.

PubMed

Joos, Elke; Verbeke, Stacey; Mehuys, Els; Van Bocxlaer, Jan; Remon, Jean Paul; Van Winckel, Myriam; Boussery, Koen

2016-02-01

Medication administration to patients with an enteral feeding tube (EFT) is complex and prone to errors. Community pharmacists may be ideally placed to provide training and advice on this topic in individual patients as well as in institutions supplied by the pharmacy. To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge on guideline recommendations regarding medication preparation and administration through EFT. Knowledge of guideline recommendations was assessed using a 15-item self-administered online questionnaire (April–June 2014). Questions reflected key aspects of guideline recommendations on medication administration via EFT. All graduated community pharmacists from the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium were eligible for participation. A total of 105 community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Median self-perceived knowledge of medication administration via EFT was 2 (on a 0–10 scale). On average 5.2 (SD 2.6) out of the 15 questions were answered correctly. Strikingly, the ability to select suspensions in a list of liquid medications and knowledge on crushability of solid dosage forms were low. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacists’ knowledge on correct medication administration via EFT is too limited to be able to provide good advice to EFT patients or their caregivers. Tailored training on this topic is needed.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of topical tobramycin in equine tears by automated immunoassay.

PubMed

Czerwinski, Sarah L; Lyon, Andrew W; Skorobohach, Brian; Léguillette, Renaud

2012-08-21

Ophthalmic antibiotic therapy in large animals is often used empirically because of the lack of pharmacokinetics studies. The purpose of the study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of topical tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in the tears of normal horses using an automated immunoassay analysis. The mean tobramycin concentrations in the tears at 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration were 759 (±414), 489 (±237), 346 (±227), 147 (±264), 27.6 (±28.4), 14.8 (±66.6), 6.7 (±18.6), and 23.4 (±73.4) mg/L. Mean tobramycin concentration was maintained above the MIC90 for commonly isolated bacteria for 68.5 min. A single dose of topical tobramycin resulted in therapeutic concentrations of tobramycin in the tears for 1 h after administration. Therapeutic levels of tobramycin remained in equine tears 6 times longer than was reported in rabbit tears.

Administrative/Office Technology. A Guide to Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.

This guide, which was written for general marketing instructors in Ohio, lists nearly 450 resources for use in conjunction with the Administrative/Office Technology Occupational Competency Analysis Profile. The texts, workbooks, modules, software, videos, and learning activities packets listed are categorized by the following topics:…

Project Ideals: Administrative Organization (Area J).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimbrough, Ralph B.; Andes, John O.

This pamphlet surveys the research and literature concerned with the effectiveness of different types of administrative organizations and the problems of articulation among different schools. Discussions and bibliographies are presented for the following topics: (1) the extended school year and day, (2) educational parks, (3) alternative…

Food for Thought: Discussion Draft for a Master Plan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chicago City Coll., IL.

Articles contributed by the teachers and administrators at Chicago City College are presented in this report. Topics include: Students, Faculty, A View of General Education, Occupational Education, Collective Comprehensiveness, Innovation Plan for Crane Campus, Fiscal Resources, Governance, Administration and Organization, A Note on Community…

75 FR 15743 - NASA Advisory Council; Exploration Committee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-034)] NASA Advisory Council; Exploration... Aeronautics and Space Administration announces a meeting of the Exploration Committee of the NASA Advisory...-358-1715; [email protected]nasa.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The agenda topics for the meeting will...

Water-in-oil microemulsions for effective transdermal delivery of proteins.

PubMed

Russell-Jones, Gregory; Himes, Roy

2011-04-01

A water-in-oil microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable emulsion that has the capacity to 'hide' water-soluble molecules within a continuous oil phase. The very small size of the water droplets within the microemulsion means that these types of formulation can be applied topically to the skin, with the result that peptides and proteins can be delivered effectively into the dermal layer. This review discusses the general problems of peptide and protein delivery following topical application, and compares the possible routes of peptide and protein clearance and distribution within the body following topical administration. Several examples of successful peptide and protein delivery using microemulsions are discussed, in addition to the possible alterations in biological profiles following administration via this route. Water-in-oil microemulsions present themselves as an effective means of topical delivery of peptides and proteins of all sizes, and in high doses. These formulations are a cheap, stable, pain-free means of delivery of peptides and proteins to the skin. An exciting area of potential development is the area of weight control management. The results using insulin, IGF-I and GHRP-6 given topically are particularly intriguing. Whether these results can be replicated in humans and whether the use of these drugs for potential treatment of obesity will be commercially viable will be particularly interesting.

The Treatment of Scabies.

PubMed

Dressler, Corinna; Rosumeck, Stefanie; Sunderkötter, Cord; Werner, Ricardo Niklas; Nast, Alexander

2016-11-14

Scabies is a contagious infestation transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and sometimes by contact with contaminated material. The scabies mite burrows into the skin, producing a papular rash and severe itch at typical sites of predilection. We systematically reviewed the literature to compare the efficacy of various anti-scabies agents, including a calculation of relative risks and confidence intervals. A literature search yielded 596 initial hits; after screening in accor-dance with the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies were selected for this review. Among topical treatments for scabies, permethrin was equally effective or more effective than crotamiton or benzyl benzoate. In a comparison of topical versus systemic treatment, topical permethrin and systemic ivermectin did not differ substantially in efficacy (7 comparative studies revealed no difference; one revealed a difference in favor of permethrin). Comparative trials of topical benzyl benzoate versus systemic ivermectin yielded inconsistent findings. Single and double administrations of ivermectin were similarly effective. In trials involving entire populations with a high prevalence of scabies, systemic ivermectin was found to be superior to topical permethrin. There are hardly any differences in efficacy between the available treatments for scabies. Single administrations of permethrin 5%, crotamiton 10%, and systemic ivermectin are all comparably effective. There are differences in the frequeny and ease of application as well as when eradicating scabies in populations with a high prevalence.

Dosage variability of topical ocular hypotensive products: a densitometric assessment.

PubMed

Gaynes, Bruce I; Singa, Ramesh M; Cao, Ying

2009-02-01

To ascertain consequence of variability in drop volume obtained from multiuse topical ocular hypotensive products in terms of uniformity of product dosage. Densitometric assessment of drop volume dispensed from 2 alternative bottle positions. All except one product demonstrated a statistically significant difference in drop volume when administered at either a 45-degree or 90-degree bottle angle (Student t test, P<0.001). Product-specific drop volume ranged from a nadir of 22.36 microL to a high of 53.54 microL depending on bottle angle of administration. Deviation in drop dose was directly proportional to variability in drop volume. Variability in per drop dosage was conspicuous among products with a coefficient of variation from 1.49% to 15.91%. In accordance with drop volume, all products demonstrated a statistically significant difference in drop dose at 45-degree versus 90-degree administration angles. Drop volume was found unrelated to drop uniformity (Spearman r=0.01987 and P=0.9463). Variability and lack of uniformity in drop dosage is clearly evident among select ocular hypotensive products and is related to angle of drop administration. Erratic dosage of topical ocular hypotensive therapy may contribute in part to therapeutic failure and/or toxicity.

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Antibiotherapy—A Review

PubMed Central

Dubald, Marion; Bourgeois, Sandrine; Andrieu, Véronique; Fessi, Hatem

2018-01-01

The last fifty years, ophthalmic drug delivery research has made much progress, challenging scientists about the advantages and limitations of this drug delivery approach. Topical eye drops are the most commonly used formulation in ocular drug delivery. Despite the good tolerance for patients, this topical administration is only focus on the anterior ocular diseases and had a high precorneal loss of drugs due to the tears production and ocular barriers. Antibiotics are popularly used in solution or in ointment for the ophthalmic route. However, their local bioavailability needs to be improved in order to decrease the frequency of administrations and the side effects and to increase their therapeutic efficiency. For this purpose, sustained release forms for ophthalmic delivery of antibiotics were developed. This review briefly describes the ocular administration with the ocular barriers and the currently topical forms. It focuses on experimental results to bypass the limitations of ocular antibiotic delivery with new ocular technology as colloidal and in situ gelling systems or with the improvement of existing forms as implants and contact lenses. Nanotechnology is presently a promising drug delivery way to provide protection of antibiotics and improve pathway through ocular barriers and deliver drugs to specific target sites. PMID:29342879

Oral administration of an association of forskolin, rutin and vitamins B1 and B2 potentiates the hypotonising effects of pharmacological treatments in POAG patients.

PubMed

Pescosolido, N; Librando, A

2010-01-01

Control of intraocular pressure is still the main strategy to treat glaucoma patients. Forskolin has already shown an ability to control intraocular pressure after topic administration, whereas rutin is known to improve ocular blood fl ow. Therefore, aim of this pilot study has been to observe whether administration of an association of oral forskolin and rutin to POAG patients under different regimens of medical therapy may contribute to their effects, further decreasing IOP values. Forskolin (a natural compound present in the crude extract of the plant Coleus Forskohlii) and rutin are the main ingredients of a food supplement commercially available in Italy. In an open label pilot study, 16 patients with POAG under treatment with different topical drugs and with stable IOP were given additional treatment with the food supplement for 40 days, and their IOP values measured at enrolment, at the end of treatment and 40 days after treatment interruption. Further addition of forskolin and rutin to topical association treatments resulted in a further decrease of IOP by roughly 20% of the initial value. The effect was reversible upon suspension of the treatment. These data show for the fi rst time that forskolin and rutin given through the oral route appear to reach the ocular district, where they can act in synergy with topical pharmacological treatments, and contribute to the control of intraocular pressure.

The Pennsylvania ABLE Administrators Handbook, 1996 Edition. A Guide for Administrators of Programs Providing Adult Basic and Literacy Education Services in Pennsylvania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reiff, Tana, Ed.

This guide, which is intended for administrators of programs providing adult basic and literacy education (ABLE) services in Pennsylvania, contains 59 individually authored papers devoted to planning, managing, and improving ABLE programs. The following are among the topics discussed in the guide's five sections: understanding the role of the ABLE…

Administrative Perspectives on Technology Integration: The Globaloria--MyGLife Program in West Virginia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, William E., Jr.

2009-01-01

The reputed benefits of using technology in schools have been the topic of many research studies. When the World Wide Workshop Foundation implemented their Globaloria program The reputed benefits of using technology in schools have been the topic of many research studies. When the World Wide Workshop Foundation implemented their Globaloria program…

Marked Differences in Drug-Induced Methemoglobinemia in Sheep are not Due to RBC Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Reduced Glutathione, or Methemoglobin Reductase Activity.

DTIC Science & Technology

Benzocaine is a commonly used topical anesthetic that is structurally similar to current candidates for cyanide prophylaxis. Benzocaine induces...profound methemoglobinemia in some sheep but not others. After topical benzocaine administration certain sheep respond to form MHb (elevated MHb 16-50

Treatment of oral mucosal manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease: dexamethasone vs. budesonide.

PubMed

Zadik, Yehuda; Elad, Sharon; Shapira, Anat; Shapira, Michael Y

2017-02-01

The oral mucosa is commonly involved in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Oral mucosal cGVHD markedly affect individual's daily function and wellbeing. In some cases, it might become a life threating complication. Areas covered: This article describes the rationale for treatment, method of topical application in the oral cavity, evidence supporting the topical administration of dexamethasone and budesonide for oral cGVHD, and their adverse effects. Expert opinion: Evidence supports the use of topical dexamethasone and budesonide for treatment of oral cGVHD. Topical corticosteroid choice for oral cGVHD, takes into consideration the potency, bioavailability, preferred concentration, and possible adverse effects. Budesonide's pharmacological characteristics mark it as a preferable topical agent for oral cGVHD.

Ocular delivery systems for topical application of anti-infective agents.

PubMed

Duxfield, Linda; Sultana, Rubab; Wang, Ruokai; Englebretsen, Vanessa; Deo, Samantha; Rupenthal, Ilva D; Al-Kassas, Raida

2016-01-01

For the treatment of anterior eye segment infections using anti-infective agents, topical ocular application is the most convenient route of administration. However, topical delivery of anti-infective agents is associated with a number of problems and challenges owing to the unique structure of the eye and the physicochemical properties of these compounds. Topical ocular drug delivery systems can be classified into two forms: conventional and non-conventional. The efficacy of conventional ocular formulations is limited by poor corneal retention and permeation resulting in low ocular bioavailability. Recently, attention has been focused on improving topical ocular delivery of anti-infective agents using advanced drug delivery systems. This review will focus on the challenges of efficient topical ocular delivery of anti-infective agents and will discuss the various types of delivery systems used to improve the treatment anterior segment infections.

Effectiveness of 20% benzocaine as a topical anesthetic for intraoral injections.

PubMed Central

Nusstein, John M.; Beck, Mike

2003-01-01

The use of topical anesthetics has been advocated prior to the administration of various types of anesthetic injections. Reported results have varied between studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 20% benzocaine in reducing the pain of needle insertion during maxillary posterior and anterior infiltration and inferior alveolar nerve block injections. In this retrospective study, 1080 patients received 2336 injections using a 27-gauge needle. Topical anesthetic was applied prior to 720 of the injections. Patients rated pain of needle insertion using a 0-4 pain scale. Logistic regression analysis showed no differences in pain ratings between topical and no topical groups for the inferior alveolar nerve block and posterior maxillary infiltration injections. The use of topical anesthetic did reduce the pain of needle insertion with the maxillary anterior injections (P = .0041). PMID:14959903

Measuring quality of dental care: Caries prevention services for children.

PubMed

Herndon, Jill Boylston; Tomar, Scott L; Catalanotto, Frank A; Rudner, Nancy; Huang, I-Chan; Aravamudhan, Krishna; Shenkman, Elizabeth A; Crall, James J

2015-08-01

The authors conducted a study to validate the following 3 evidence-based, process-of-care quality measures focused on dental caries prevention for children with an elevated risk of experiencing caries: sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds, sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds, and topical fluoride. Using evidence-based guidelines, the Dental Quality Alliance developed measures for implementation with administrative data at the plan and program levels. To validate the measures, the authors used data from the Florida and Texas Medicaid programs and Children's Health Insurance Programs and from national commercial dental benefit plans. Data were extracted from 414 randomly selected dental office records to validate the use of administrative data to accurately calculate the measures. The authors also assessed statistically significant variations in overall measure performance. Agreement between administrative data and dental records was 95% for sealants (κ = 0.82) and 90% for topical fluoride (κ = 0.78). Sensitivity and specificity were 90.7% and 88.5% for topical fluoride and 77.8% and 98.8% for sealants, respectively. Variation in overall measure performance was greatest for topical fluoride (χ(2) = 5,887.1; P < .01); 18% to 37% of children with an elevated risk of experiencing caries received at least 2 topical fluoride applications during the reporting year. Although there was greater variation in performance for sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds (range, 21.0-31.3%; χ(2) = 548.6; P < .01) compared with sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds (range, 8.4-11.1%; χ(2) = 22.7; P < .01), overall sealant placement rates were lower for 10- to 14-year-olds. These evidence-based, caries prevention process-of-care quality measures can be implemented feasibly and validly using administrative claims data. The measures can be used to assess, monitor, and improve the proportion of children with an elevated risk of experiencing dental caries who receive evidence-based caries prevention services. Copyright © 2015 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Managing to Sell.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, John W.

The third in a series of subject presentation in the field of administrative management for use by educators and businessmen who teach management courses is offered. The point is made that the concept of an educational program in small-business administrative management involves the investigation of a series of topics stemming from basic…

Records and Credit in Profitable Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perreault, John O.; And Others

The second in a series of subject presentation in the field of administrative management for use by educators and businessmen who teach management courses is offered. The point is made that the concept of an educational program in small-business administrative management involves the investigation of a series of topics stemming from basic…

An Internet Gopher to Support Graduate Education and Professional Development for School Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzalez, Josue M.

1995-01-01

Describes the design and installation of an Internet gopher server to support classroom instruction and professional development projects in a graduate college of education. Topics include use by administrators, selecting the most appropriate technology, hardware and software selection, and informational resources of the gopher. (Author/LRW)

Meeting the Information Needs of Interdisciplinary Scholars: Issues for Administrators of Large University Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Searing, Susan E.

1996-01-01

Provides an overview of administrative issues in supporting interdisciplinary library use at large universities. Topics include information resources; cataloging and classification; library services to users, including library use education and reference services; library organization; the campus context; and the politics of interdisciplinarity.…

21 CFR 347.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Scope. 347.1 Section 347.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE SKIN...-counter skin protectant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 347.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scope. 347.1 Section 347.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE SKIN...-counter skin protectant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 347.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Scope. 347.1 Section 347.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE SKIN...-counter skin protectant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 347.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Scope. 347.1 Section 347.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE SKIN...-counter skin protectant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

Adopting the Transformational Leadership Perspective in a Complex Research Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkinson, Timothy N.; Pilgreen, Tom

2011-01-01

Transformational Leadership is a popular topic among leadership scholars, but for research administrators, Transformational Leadership might seem like an enigmatic approach given its various contexts. Research administrators might think the transformational approach is only for executives, or that they do not have enough staff to call themselves…

Introduction to Educational Administration: Standards, Theories, and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fiore, Douglas

2004-01-01

This comprehensive and practical text introduces your students to concepts and theories of educational administration. It is unlike other texts which are structured in isolated units. Instead, the topics in this book are connected, presented in the context of the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards which reveal the…

21 CFR 347.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 347.1 Section 347.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE SKIN...-counter skin protectant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

Central Administrations of Public Multi-Campus College and University Systems. Core Functions and Cost Pressures with Reference to the Central Administration of the State University of New York. Studies in Public Higher Education. Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnstone, D. Bruce

This essay examines the administration of public multi-campus universities, focusing in particular on central administration and the State University of New York (SUNY) system and on responses to the need for fiscal austerity. Before treatment of the main topic begins, the essay offers a look at five reasons for the suspicion and resentment that…

Early Addition of Topical Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis

PubMed Central

Ray, Kathryn J.; Srinivasan, Muthiah; Mascarenhas, Jeena; Rajaraman, Revathi; Ravindran, Meenakshi; Glidden, David V.; Oldenburg, Catherine E.; Sun, Catherine Q.; Zegans, Michael E.; McLeod, Stephen D.; Acharya, Nisha R.; Lietman, Thomas M.

2014-01-01

IMPORTANCE Scarring from bacterial keratitis remains a leading cause of visual loss. OBJECTIVE To determine whether topical corticosteroids are beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis if given early in the course of infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial that overall found no effect of adding topical corticosteroids to topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride in bacterial keratitis. Here, we assess the timing of administration of corticosteroids in a subgroup analysis of the SCUT. We define earlier administration of corticosteroids (vs placebo) as addition after 2 to 3 days of topical antibiotics and later as addition after 4 or more days of topical antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We assess the effect of topical corticosteroids (vs placebo) on 3-month best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in patients who received corticosteroids or placebo earlier vs later. Further analyses were performed for subgroups of patients with non-Nocardia keratitis and those with no topical antibiotic use before enrollment. RESULTS Patients treated with topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy within 2 to 3 days of antibiotic therapy had approximately 1-line better visual acuity at 3 months than did those given placebo (−0.11 logMAR; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.02 logMAR; P = .01). In patients who had 4 or more days of antibiotic therapy before corticosteroid treatment, the effect was not significant; patients given corticosteroids had 1-line worse visual acuity at 3 months compared with those in the placebo group (0.10 logMAR; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.23 logMAR; P = .14). Patients with non-Nocardia keratitis and those having no topical antibiotic use before the SCUT enrollment showed significant improvement in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 3 months if corticosteroids were administered earlier rather than later. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There may be a benefit with adjunctive topical corticosteroids if application occurs earlier in the course of bacterial corneal ulcers. PMID:24763755

A Case Study of the Diversity Culture of an American University Athletic Department: Perceptions of Senior Level Administrators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singer, John N.; Cunningham, George B.

2012-01-01

The topic of diversity has received considerable attention from scholars who study sport within the context of higher education in the USA. But despite this interest in the topic, an in-depth focus on how college and university athletic departments effectively manage diversity is missing from the literature. Therefore, we conducted an intrinsic…

Continuous topical oxygen for the treatment of chronic wounds: a pilot study.

PubMed

Woo, Kevin Y; Coutts, Patricia M; Sibbald, R Gary

2012-12-01

Oxygen is essential for all stages of wound healing. Previous research has shown topical administration of oxygen to have positive effects on wound healing. In this study, the application of transdermal continuous topical oxygen therapy (TCOT) was evaluated for its effect on chronic wound healing in 9 patients. After 4 weeks of treatment, mean wound surface area and wound infection checklist scores were significantly reduced. Signs of bacterial damage were also reduced. Findings from this study suggest TCOT may be beneficial in promoting chronic wound healing.

Infection prevention and mass vaccination training for U.S. point of dispensing staff and volunteers: a national study.

PubMed

Rebmann, Terri; Loux, Travis M; Zink, Thomas K; Swick, Zachary; Wakefield, Mary

2015-03-01

Points of dispensing (PODs) are deployed for medical countermeasure mass dispensing. However, infection prevention and vaccine administration pre-event training offered and just-in-time (JIT) education planned for POD workers have not been assessed. Disaster planners were sent an online questionnaire in 2013. McNemar tests compared training offered to staff versus volunteers and pre-event training versus JIT training. In total, 301 disaster planners participated. The most frequent pre-event training included hand hygiene (59.1% and 28.0%) and personal protective equipment (PPE) selection (52.1% and 24.1%) for staff and volunteers, respectively. Few provided pre-event training on the cold chain technique (14.8% and 5.1%) or smallpox vaccine administration (4.7% and 2.3%) for staff or volunteers. For all topics except smallpox vaccine administration, more staff than volunteers received pre-event training (P < .01). The most frequent planned JIT training includes hand hygiene (79.8% and 73.5%) and PPE selection (79.4% and 70.0%) to staff and volunteers. For all topics, more JIT education is planned for staff than volunteers (P < .001). More JIT training is planned than has been given pre-event for all topics (P < .001). More pre-event training is needed on infection prevention and vaccine administration to ensure safe and successful POD deployment. Copyright © 2015 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. All rights reserved.

Antiangiogenic activity of aganirsen in nonhuman primate and rodent models of retinal neovascular disease after topical administration.

PubMed

Cloutier, Frank; Lawrence, Matthew; Goody, Robin; Lamoureux, Stéphanie; Al-Mahmood, Salman; Colin, Sylvie; Ferry, Antoine; Conduzorgues, Jean-Pascal; Hadri, Amel; Cursiefen, Claus; Udaondo, Patricia; Viaud, Eric; Thorin, Eric; Chemtob, Sylvain

2012-03-09

Aganirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 expression, has been shown to promote the regression of pathologic corneal neovascularization in patients. In this study, the authors aimed to demonstrate the antiangiogenic activity of aganirsen in animal models of retinal neovascularization. Eyedrops of aganirsen were applied daily in nonhuman primates after laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV; model of wet age-related macular degeneration [AMD]) and in newborn rats after oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR; model of ischemic retinopathy). Retinal aganirsen concentrations were assessed in rabbits and monkeys after topical delivery (21.5, 43, or 86 μg). Clinical significance was further evaluated by determination of IRS-1 expression in monkey and human retinal biopsy specimens. Topical corneal application of aganirsen attenuated neovascular lesion development dose dependently in African green monkeys. The incidence of high-grade CNV lesions (grade IV) decreased from 20.5% in vehicle-treated animals to 1.7% (P < 0.05) at the 86-μg dose. Topical aganirsen inhibited retinal neovascularization after OIR in rats (P < 0.05); furthermore, a single intravitreal injection of aganirsen reduced OIR as effectively as ranibizumab, and their effects were additive. Significantly, topical applications of aganirsen did not interfere with physiological retinal vessel development in newborn rats. Retinal delivery after topical administration was confirmed, and retinal expression of IRS-1 was demonstrated to be elevated in patients with subretinal neovascularization and AMD. Topical application of aganirsen offers a safe and effective therapy for both choroidal and retinal neovascularization without preventing its normal vascularization. Together, these findings support the clinical testing of aganirsen for human retinal neovascular diseases.

Gentamicin induces functional type VII collagen in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients

PubMed Central

Woodley, David T.; Cogan, Jon; Hou, Yingping; Lyu, Chao; Marinkovich, M. Peter; Keene, Douglas

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an incurable disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils (AF). We previously demonstrated that gentamicin produced functional type VII collagen in RDEB cells harboring nonsense mutations. Herein, we determined whether topical or intradermal gentamicin administration induces type VII collagen and AFs in RDEB patients. METHODS. A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial assessed safety and efficacy of topical and intradermal gentamicin in 5 RDEB patients with nonsense mutations. The topical arm tested 0.1% gentamicin ointment or placebo application 3 times daily at 2 open erosion sites for 2 weeks. The intradermal arm tested daily intradermal injection of gentamicin solution (8 mg) or placebo into 2 intact skin sites for 2 days in 4 of 5 patients. Primary outcomes were induction of type VII collagen and AFs at the test sites and safety assessment. A secondary outcome assessed wound closure of topically treated erosions. RESULTS. Both topical and intradermal gentamicin administration induced type VII collagen and AFs at the dermal-epidermal junction of treatment sites. Newly created type VII collagen varied from 20% to 165% of that expressed in normal human skin and persisted for 3 months. Topical gentamicin corrected dermal-epidermal separation, improved wound closure, and reduced blister formation. There were no untoward side effects from gentamicin treatments. Type VII collagen induction did not generate anti–type VII collagen autoantibodies in patients’ blood or skin. CONCLUSION. Topical and intradermal gentamicin suppresses nonsense mutations and induces type VII collagen and AFs in RDEB patients. Gentamicin therapy may provide a readily available treatment for RDEB patients with nonsense mutations. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02698735. FUNDING. Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Partnership, Epidermolysis Bullosa Medical Research Foundation, NIH, and VA Merit Award. PMID:28691931

Therapeutic Effect of Topical Administration of SN50, an Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-κB, in Treatment of Corneal Alkali Burns in Mice

PubMed Central

Saika, Shizuya; Miyamoto, Takeshi; Yamanaka, Osamu; Kato, Tadashi; Ohnishi, Yoshitaka; Flanders, Kathleen C.; Ikeda, Kazuo; Nakajima, Yuji; Kao, Winston W.-Y.; Sato, Misako; Muragaki, Yasuteru; Ooshima, Akira

2005-01-01

We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of topical administration of SN50, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, in a corneal alkali burn model in mice. An alkali burn was produced with 1 N NaOH in the cornea of C57BL/6 mice under general anesthesia. SN50 (10 μg/μl) or vehicle was topically administered daily for up to 12 days. The eyes were processed for histological or immunohistochemical examination after bromodeoxyuridine labeling or for semiquantification of cytokine mRNA. Topical SN50 suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation in local cells and reduced the incidence of epithelial defects/ulceration in healing corneas. Myofibroblast generation, macrophage invasion, activity of matrix metalloproteinases, basement membrane destruction, and expression of cytokines were all decreased in treated corneas compared with controls. To elucidate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in epithelial cell proliferation, we performed organ culture of mouse eyes with TNF-α, SN50, or an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and examined cell proliferation in healing corneal epithelium in TNF-α−/− mice treated with SN50. An acceleration of epithelial cell proliferation by SN50 treatment was found to depend on TNF-α/JNK signaling. In conclusion, topical application of SN50 is effective in treating corneal alkali burns in mice. PMID:15855640

Optimal routes of administration, vehicles and timing of progesterone treatment for inhibition of delivery during pregnancy.

PubMed

Fang, Dajun; Moreno, Mario; Garfield, Robert E; Kuon, Ruben; Xia, Huimin

2017-09-01

Progestins, notably progesterone (P4) and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate, are presently used to treat pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal treatment options for progesterone (P4) to delay delivery using a sensitive bioassay for progesterone. Pregnant rats, known to be highly sensitive to progestins, were treated with P4, including Prochieve ® (also known as Crinone ® ), in various vehicles from day 13 of gestation and in late gestation, days 19 to 22, and delivery times noted. Various routes of administration of P4 and various treatment periods were studied. Use of micronized P4 by rectal, subcutaneous injection (sc) and topical (transdermal) administration in various oils all significantly (P<0.05-<0.001) delay delivery, but vaginal Prochieve ® did not. Administration of P4 in late gestation also prevented (P<0.001) delivery even when given 8h before delivery. Prochieve ® possesses little biological activity to suppress delivery in a sensitive bioassay system and suggests that this preparation may be of little value in prevention and inhibition of preterm birth. Further, this study shows: 1) Inhibition of delivery is increased with P4 treatments when given subcutaneously or topically. 2) P4 in fish oil provides the best vehicle for topical treatment and may be an effective treatment of preterm birth. 3) P4 in fish oil also delays delivery even when treatment begins just prior to normal delivery. 4) To prevent preterm birth in pregnant women, randomized controlled studies are needed with a potent progestin using better formulations and routes of administration. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Topical Administration of Somatostatin Prevents Retinal Neurodegeneration in Experimental Diabetes

PubMed Central

Hernández, Cristina; García-Ramírez, Marta; Corraliza, Lidia; Fernández-Carneado, Jimena; Farrera-Sinfreu, Josep; Ponsati, Berta; González-Rodríguez, Águeda; Valverde, Ángela M.; Simó, Rafael

2013-01-01

Retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Somatostatin (SST) is an endogenous neuroprotective peptide that is downregulated in the diabetic eye. The aim of the study was to test the usefulness of topical administration of SST in preventing retinal neurodegeneration. For this purpose, rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) were treated with either SST eye drops or vehicle for 15 days. Nondiabetic rats treated with vehicle served as a control group. Functional abnormalities were assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and neurodegeneration was assessed by measuring glial activation and the apoptotic rate. In addition, proapoptotic (FasL, Bid, and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3) and survival signaling pathways (BclxL) were examined. Intraretinal concentrations of glutamate and its main transporter glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) were also determined. Treatment with SST eye drops prevented ERG abnormalities, glial activation, apoptosis, and the misbalance between proapoptotic and survival signaling detected in STZ-DM rats. In addition, SST eye drops inhibited glutamate accumulation in the retina and GLAST downregulation induced by diabetes mellitus. We conclude that topical administration of SST has a potent effect in preventing retinal neurodegeneration induced by diabetes mellitus. In addition, our findings open up a new preventive pharmacological strategy targeted to early stages of DR. PMID:23474487

Topical administration of somatostatin prevents retinal neurodegeneration in experimental diabetes.

PubMed

Hernández, Cristina; García-Ramírez, Marta; Corraliza, Lidia; Fernández-Carneado, Jimena; Farrera-Sinfreu, Josep; Ponsati, Berta; González-Rodríguez, Agueda; Valverde, Angela M; Simó, Rafael

2013-07-01

Retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Somatostatin (SST) is an endogenous neuroprotective peptide that is downregulated in the diabetic eye. The aim of the study was to test the usefulness of topical administration of SST in preventing retinal neurodegeneration. For this purpose, rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) were treated with either SST eye drops or vehicle for 15 days. Nondiabetic rats treated with vehicle served as a control group. Functional abnormalities were assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and neurodegeneration was assessed by measuring glial activation and the apoptotic rate. In addition, proapoptotic (FasL, Bid, and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3) and survival signaling pathways (BclxL) were examined. Intraretinal concentrations of glutamate and its main transporter glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) were also determined. Treatment with SST eye drops prevented ERG abnormalities, glial activation, apoptosis, and the misbalance between proapoptotic and survival signaling detected in STZ-DM rats. In addition, SST eye drops inhibited glutamate accumulation in the retina and GLAST downregulation induced by diabetes mellitus. We conclude that topical administration of SST has a potent effect in preventing retinal neurodegeneration induced by diabetes mellitus. In addition, our findings open up a new preventive pharmacological strategy targeted to early stages of DR.

Guidelines for the Administration and Accreditation of the Standardized Craft Training Process. Sixth Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Construction Education and Research, Gainesville, FL.

This document contains guidelines for the administration and accreditation of the standardized craft training process that was developed by the National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) in partnership with various sectors of the construction and maintenance industries. The following are among the topics discussed in Chapters…

Educational Data Processing Directors' Perceptions of Technological Training Priorities for School Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozeman, W. C.; Spuck, D. W.

Results of a survey of school district data processing directors' attitudes toward the content of technology curriculum in educational administrator training programs are presented in this paper. Questionnaires sent to 152 large school districts yielded 78 usable returns, a 51 percent response rate. Respondents rated the following topics as most…

Success and Failure Factors in Small Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perreault, John O.; And Others

The first in a series of subject presentations in the field of administrative management for use by educators and businessmen who teach management courses is offered. The point is made that the concept of an educational program in small-business administrative management involves the investigation of a series of topics stemming from basic…

Leading Charters: How Charter School Administrators Define Their Roles and Their Ability to Lead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpenter, Dick Michael, II; Peak, Charity

2013-01-01

Charter schools have been studied from numerous perspectives. One topic that remains under-researched, however, is charter school leadership. Therefore, we examine how charter administrators define their leadership roles and their ability to lead. Results indicate that charter principals see three primary functions in their leadership--building…

Education, Politics and the Reform of Local Government

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bogdanor, Vernon

1976-01-01

This article discusses the relationship between politics and education in the light of the recent reform of local government in England. Three topics are examined: 1) efficiency and the size of the local education authorities; 2) party politics in local government; and 3) local administration of education vs. administration by a central…

Guidelines for Serving Students with Limited English Proficiency. Administrative Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biagini, Joyce; And Others

A revision of a manual first produced in 1980, this guide is designed to help local school districts in Minnesota meet the educational needs of their limited-English-proficient (LEP) students in academically and administratively expedient ways. The chapters in the manual, which correspond to topics pertinent to designing and maintaining an LEP…

Angiotensin II in Refractory Septic Shock.

PubMed

Antonucci, Elio; Gleeson, Patrick J; Annoni, Filippo; Agosta, Sara; Orlando, Sergio; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Velissaris, Dimitrios; Scolletta, Sabino

2017-05-01

Refractory septic shock is defined as persistently low mean arterial blood pressure despite volume resuscitation and titrated vasopressors/inotropes in patients with a proven or suspected infection and concomitant organ dysfunction. Its management typically requires high doses of catecholamines, which can induce significant adverse effects such as ischemia and arrhythmias. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key product of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is a vasopressor agent that could be used in conjunction with other vasopressors to stabilize critically ill patients during refractory septic shock, and reduce catecholamine requirements. However, very few clinical data are available to support Ang II administration in this setting. Here, we review the current literature on this topic to better understand the role of Ang II administration during refractory septic shock, differentiating experimental from clinical studies. We also consider the potential role of exogenous Ang II administration in specific organ dysfunction and possible pitfalls with Ang II in sepsis. Various issues remain unresolved and future studies should investigate important topics such as: the optimal dose and timing of Ang II administration, a comparison between Ang II and the other vasopressors (epinephrine; vasopressin), and Ang II effects on microcirculation.

Nanostructured lipid dispersions for topical administration of crocin, a potent antioxidant from saffron (Crocus sativus L.).

PubMed

Esposito, Elisabetta; Drechsler, Markus; Mariani, Paolo; Panico, Anna Maria; Cardile, Venera; Crascì, Lucia; Carducci, Federica; Graziano, Adriana Carol Eleonora; Cortesi, Rita; Puglia, Carmelo

2017-02-01

Crocin, a potent antioxidant obtained from saffron, shows anticancer activity in in vivo models. Unfortunately unfavorable physicochemical features compromise its use in topical therapy. The present study describes the preparation and characterization of nanostructured lipid dispersions as drug delivery systems for topical administration of crocin and the evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of crocin once encapsulated into nanostructured lipid dispersions. Nanostructured lipid dispersions based on monoolein in mixture with sodium cholate and sodium caseinate have been characterized by cryo-TEM and PCS. Crocin permeation was evaluated in vitro by Franz cells, while the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity was tested in vitro by the MTT test using a human melanoma cell line. The emulsification of monoolein with sodium cholate and sodium caseinate led to dispersions of cubosomes, hexasomes, sponge systems and vesicles, depending on the employed emulsifiers. Permeation and shelf life studies demonstrated that nanostructured lipid dispersions enabled to control both rate of crocin diffusion through the skin and crocin degradation. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay pointed out an interesting and prolonged antioxidant activity of crocin while the MTT test showed an increase of crocin cytotoxic effect after incorporation in nanostructured lipid dispersions. This work has highlighted that nanostructured lipid dispersions can protect the labile molecule crocin from degradation, control its skin diffusion and prolong antioxidant activity, therefore suggesting the suitability of nanostructured lipid dispersions for crocin topical administration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A novel lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel for topical ocular anesthesia

PubMed Central

Shah, HR; Reichel, E; Busbee, BG

2010-01-01

Topical anesthetics play an important role in the practice of ophthalmology, both for procedures in the office and in the operating room. The need for safe, long-acting topical ocular anesthetic agents is ongoing, and has been highlighted by the increase of intravitreal administration of pharmacologic agents. Current practices for ocular anesthesia include subconjunctival injection of 2% aqueous lidocaine, topical 2% lidocaine drops and topical 0.5% tetracaine. Tetracaine is not yet FDA approved, and is associated with corneal epithelial toxicity and delayed epithelial healing after multiple administrations. Lidocaine jelly (2%) preparations have been reported to be beneficial in several systemic procedures, including those of the upper airway, dental, urogenital, and gastrointestinal. It has been theorized, and recent studies support the idea, that gel formulations of lidocaine may enhance anesthetic effect, and therefore be superior to anesthetic solutions for topical cataract surgery. The viscous nature of gel formulations is thought to lengthen contact time, resulting in better anesthesia at lower drug concentrations. Furthermore, several studies suggest that lidocaine is bactericidal and bacteriostatic, and may have a supplementary role in preventing and treating surgical site infections. Akten™, lidocaine 3.5% gel (Akorn, Buffalo Grove, IIlinois) was FDA approved for all ophthalmic procedures in October 2008. This gel is a preservative-free, lidocaine-based anesthetic gel consisting of 35 mg/mL of lidocaine hydrochloride. We describe the properties, including chemical structure, indications, evidence of support, use, adverse effects, and precautions, which we believe enable Akten to provide superior anesthesia, while minimizing side effects. PMID:22915870

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers (Non Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Scaffolds Pt. 1926,...

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers (Non Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Scaffolds Pt. 1926,...

29 CFR (non - mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926-List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers (Non Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Scaffolds Pt. 1926,...

Topical antifungal drug products for over-the-counter human use; amendment of final monograph. Final rule.

PubMed

2002-02-08

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule amending the final monograph for over-the-counter (OTC) topical antifungal drug products to add the ingredient clotrimazole as generally recognized as safe and effective for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products.

Combined application versus topical and intravenous application of tranexamic acid following primary total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Zhang, Pei; Liang, Yuan; Chen, Pengtao; Fang, Yongchao; He, Jinshan; Wang, Jingcheng

2017-02-21

The use of intravenous (IV) or topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty has been proven to be effective and safe in total hip arthroplasty. However, which of these two administration routes is better has not been determined. The combined administration of TXA has been used in total knee arthroplasty with satisfactory results. We hypothesized that combined application of TXA may be the most effective way without increased rate of thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolisms (PE) in patients subjected to primary total hip replacement (THA). A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the combined use of tranexamic acid (TXA) relative to topical or intravenous (IV) use alone for treatment of primary THA. The outcomes included total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin decline, transfusion rates, and the incidence rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolisms (PE). We searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Literature database, the CNKI database, and Wanfang Data until September 2016. The references of the included articles were also checked for additional potentially relevant studies. There were no language restrictions for the search. The data of the included studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1762 patients. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin decline, and transfusion rates were significantly lower for patients that received the combined treatment compared to patients that received either topical or intravenous administration of TXA. No statistical differences were found in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The group that received the combined treatment had lower total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin decline, and transfusion rates without an increased rate of thrombotic events (DVT or PE). The topical or intravenous use of TXA in primary THA is generally considered to be safe and effective. This meta-analysis demonstrated that combined TXA application may be superior to topical or intravenous application of TXA alone. However, larger, high-quality randomized control trials are required for greater confidence in this finding.

Is topical delta-aminolevulinic acid adequate for photodynamic therapy in Barrett's esophagus? A pilot study.

PubMed

Ortner, M -A; Zumbusch, K; Liebetruth, J; Ebert, B; Fleige, B; Dietel, M; Lochs, H

2002-08-01

The methods of endoscopic ablation of metaplastic and dysplastic areas in Barrett's esophagus so far described, are not satisfactory with respect to efficacy and safety. Therefore we investigated whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) leads to ablation of specialized columnar epithelium and eradication of low-grade dysplasia while not producing phototoxicity and systemic side effects. 14 patients with histologically proven Barrett's esophagus, seven of whom had evidence of low-grade dysplasia, underwent endoscopic treatment with topical delta-ALA. Photoactivation (wavelength, 632 nm) was performed at 1.5 - 2 hours after drug administration using an argon dye laser. Patients received omeprazole 80 mg daily for 2 months; thereafter; maintenance therapy depended on reflux symptoms. Patients were endoscopically re-evaluated after 7 days, and subsequently at 3, 6, 12 and up to 48 months (mean follow up 33 months). Re-treatment with high-dose topical delta-ALA was offered to the 11 patients with remaining metaplasia and was carried out in five of them. Low-grade dysplasia was eradicated in all patients. One patient with no dysplasia before PDT developed a high-grade dysplasia after PDT. Complete ablation of Barrett's metaplasia was observed in 21 % of the patients after the first treatment session and in 20 % after the second treatment session. The mean reduction in the length of Barrett's metaplasia was 1.54 +/- 1.29 cm after the first PDT session and 1.02 +/- 0.80 cm after the second PDT session. Post-endoscopic pain and photosensitivity reactions were less frequent with low-dose delta-ALA PDT than with high-dose PDT (pain 15 %, 100 %, respectively; P = 0.001 by Fisher's exact test; phototoxicity, 0 %, 50 %, respectively; P = 0.021 by Fisher's exact test). Low-dose topical administration of delta-ALA provides ablation of low-grade dysplasia in the range obtained with oral delta-ALA. In addition, it is safe and well tolerated. Since, however, topical administration of delta-ALA is not able to consistently eradicate Barrett's esophagus, alternative methods will have to be developed.

Evaluation of systemic absorption and renal effects of topical ophthalmic flurbiprofen and diclofenac in healthy cats.

PubMed

Lanuza, Rick; Rankin, Amy J; KuKanich, Butch; Meekins, Jessica M

2016-07-01

To investigate systemic absorption and renal effects of topically applied ophthalmic flurbiprofen and diclofenac in healthy cats. Twelve domestic shorthair cats. Cats were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (n = 6) and administered one drop (approximately 40 μL) of either flurbiprofen 0.03% or diclofenac 0.1% in both eyes four times daily (6 am, 12 pm, 6 pm, and 12 am) for 14 days. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 4, 8, 14, 16, and 17 and analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for flurbiprofen and diclofenac plasma concentrations. A complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, and urinalysis were analyzed at the beginning of the study (Day 0) and at the end of topical drug administration (Day 15). Both drugs demonstrated systemic absorption. Flurbiprofen was detected (mean ± SD) at day 4 (237 ± 65 ng/mL), day 8 (396 ± 91 ng/mL), day 14 (423 ± 56 ng/mL), day 16 (350 ± 66 ng/mL), and day 17 (270 ± 62 ng/mL), and diclofenac was detected (mean ± SD) at day 4 (130 ± 44 ng/mL), day 8 (131 ± 25 ng/mL), day 14 (150 ± 36 ng/mL), and sporadically on day 16 [corrected]. Flurbiprofen plasma concentration decreased slowly over 48 h after the last dose. No clinically significant abnormalities were noted in the serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, or urine specific gravity at the end of topical drug administration compared to the beginning of the study. Flurbiprofen and diclofenac were systemically absorbed after topical administration four times daily to both eyes of healthy cats. Flurbiprofen reached higher plasma concentrations compared to diclofenac. © 2015 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

Prescription Opioids during Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... Drug Administration Mother to Baby National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Treating for Two Last reviewed: September, 2017 Pregnancy Is it safe? Other Pregnancy topics ') document.write(' ...

Student Financial Assistance. Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Employment, Education, and Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Australia Parliament, Canberra. Standing Committee on Employment, Education, and Training.

This report examines student financial assistance schemes in Australia in terms of their effectiveness and administration; particular reference is made to the findings of the Auditor-General's report on the administration of the Austudy program. The report discusses topics within the areas of program effectiveness, eligibility criteria, the…

Public Administration: What is It, Why Teach It and Does It Matter?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenwick, John; McMillan, Janice

2014-01-01

What is understood by "public administration" in the contemporary UK higher education setting? Is it still being taught and, if so, why? These questions initially appear to be fairly straightforward but any review of the topic quickly poses some rather more tricky areas of enquiry. This article will focus upon three central questions.…

75 FR 16438 - U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board: Meeting of the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board: Meeting of the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board AGENCY: International Trade Administration, U.S... Tourism Advisory Board (Board) will hold a meeting to discuss topics related to the travel and tourism...

Oral Medications: Proper Use and Administration. Book 1, Bosnian and Russian. Book 2, Nuer and Spanish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anoka County Community Health and Environmental Services, Coon Rapids, MN.

These two guides provide information in English, Bosnian, Russian, Nuer, and Spanish on the proper use and administration of oral medications. Topics covered include the reasons for taking medication, information on the prescription label, following special instructions, asking questions of the pharmacist, safe storage of medicine, child-proof…

Mathematics and Administration: Tools, Metaphors and Styles of Thinking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Marjorie K.

This essay provides commentary on the place of mathematics in the study and practice of educational administration. The incidence of mathematical topics in the writing of the field is explored, and their isolation from each other and from the body of literature is pointed out. Possible areas of synthesis are sought from the traditional use of…

Texas Library Systems Act and Rules for Administering the Library Systems Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Library, Austin. Dept. of Library Development.

This guide to the administration of the Library Systems Act for the State of Texas begins by presenting the text of the Library Systems Act. The relevant regulations from the Texas Administrative Code are then provided, covering such topics as standards for accreditation of a major resource system of libraries, minimum standards for accreditation…

Effect of topical administration of tramadol on corneal wound healing in rats.

PubMed

Cuvas Apan, Ozgun; Ozer, Murat Atabey; Takir, Selcuk; Apan, Alparslan; Sengul, Demet

2016-10-01

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of topical tramadol administration on corneal wound healing, and examine ophthalmic structures and intraocular pressure 7 days after tramadol administration. The experiments were conducted on eight male Wistar rats (250-300 g). After ophthalmic examination, epithelial cell layers in the central cornea were wounded. Rats received 30 μL of tramadol hydrochloride in one eye (Group Tramadol) and the same volume of vehicle in the other (Group Control) every 12 h for 7 days. Both eyes were stained with fluorescein dye, photographed, and wound area was calculated every 8 h until complete healing was observed. Eye blink frequency and corneal reflex tests were measured before and after drug administrations. After 7 days, slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and histological evaluation were performed. There was no difference in the corneal wound healing rates between the tramadol and control groups. Reduction in wound area over time was also similar; group-time interaction was insignificant (F = 738.911; p = 0.225). Tramadol application resulted in blinking and blepharospasm for 30 s, but vehicle did not. Corneal reflex was intact and eye blink frequency test results were similar in all measurement times in both groups. Slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and intraocular pressures were within normal range. Corneal cells appeared unaffected by the repeated doses of tramadol for 7 days. Topical tramadol application on the cornea did not cause any side effect, except for initial temporary blinking and blepharospasm. Corneal wound healing was not affected, either.

Management training in long-term care.

PubMed

Evashwick, Connie

2002-01-01

The education of health care administrators faces its most dramatic change since the inception of the field. Recent discussions at the national level call for major overhaul of curricula and teaching modalities, including moving education to position students for evidence-based practice. This paper presents recommendations for incorporating training about chronic and long-term care into health care management curricula. It asserts that all health care management students should have a basic knowledge of the fundamental policy, operating, and financing principles of long-term care. The majority of people using the health care delivery system today, and increasingly in the future, suffer from chronic conditions. Long-term care services, although less expansive in structure, far outnumber acute care services and health plans. They will grow in the future to meet the portending demand. To maximize job opportunities and to optimize performance in any job, health care administrators need to know about the long-term care delivery system. This paper delineates critical topics pertaining to long-term care, organized according to 11 fundamental management areas in which the field is developing core competencies. The contents were derived from a year-long process of asking stakeholders in the various facets of long-term care what topics they thought were essential for administrators to know. The topics delineated in this document represent the consensus about essential knowledge that all health care administrators should have about long-term care, whether specializing in long-term care or following a more general management career. The education of health care administrators faces its most dramatic change since the inception ofthe field. Recent discussions at the national level call for major overhaul of curricula and teaching modalities, including moving education to position students to perform according to evidence-based practice. It is thus timely to consider content, as well as educational format. This paper presents recommendations for incorporating training about chronic and long-term care into health care administration curricula. It asserts that all health care administration students should have a basic knowledge of the fundamental policy, operating, and financing principles of long-term care.

Nanocrystal: a novel approach to overcome skin barriers for improved topical drug delivery.

PubMed

Patel, Viral; Sharma, Om Prakash; Mehta, Tejal

2018-04-01

Skin is an important route of drug delivery for the treatment of various dermatological conditions. The advent of nanotechnology is paving the roadmaps for topical drug delivery by providing sustained release as well as maintaining a localized effect, outweighing the toxicity concern. Area covered: This review highlighted the morphology of skin, its barrier nature as well as drug penetration pathways after topical application of formulations. The existing methods to improve topical drug delivery, by infringing or permeating the skin barriers, are discussed. This context concretes the foundation to accentuate the need for the development of nanocrystal-based topical formulation. The mechanism of drug release, immediate as well as sustained release, after topical administration of drug nanocrystals is also elaborated. The special emphasis is given on the breakthrough achieved, in topical drug delivery using drug nanocrystals, so far in the plethora of literature, patents, and products, under clinical trial as well as in the market. Expert opinion: The current research on nanocrystals for topical drug delivery is highlighting the breakthroughs achieved so far. The output of these research envisages that topical nanocrystals based formulations can be a novel strategy for the drugs which are facing solubility, bioavailability and toxicity concerns.

Heroin: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... flashes with goose bumps. NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse Start Here DrugFacts: Heroin (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Also in Spanish Heroin (Drug Enforcement Administration) Heroin ( ...

Topical medication utilization and health resources consumption in adult patients affected by psoriasis: findings from the analysis of administrative databases of local health units

PubMed Central

Perrone, Valentina; Sangiorgi, Diego; Buda, Stefano; Degli Esposti, Luca

2017-01-01

Aim The objectives of this study were to: 1) analyze the drug utilization pattern among adult psoriasis patients who were newly prescribed with topical medication; and 2) assess their adherence to topical therapy and the possibility of switching to other strategies in the treatment process. Methods An observational retrospective analysis was conducted based on administrative databases of two Italian local health units. All adult subjects who were diagnosed with psoriasis or who were newly prescribed for topical medication with at least one prescription between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, were screened. Only patients who were “non-occasional users of topical drugs” (if they had at least two prescriptions of topical drugs in a time space of 2 years) were considered for the first and second objectives in the analysis. The date of the first prescription of topical agents was identified as the index date (ID), which was then followed for all time available from ID (follow-up period). The adherence to therapy was assessed on the basis of cycles of treatment covered in the 6 months before the end of the follow-up period. The mean health care costs in patients who switched to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics after the ID were evaluated. Results A total of 17,860 patients with psoriasis who were newly prescribed for topical medication were identified. A total of 2,477 were identified as “non-occasional users of topical drugs”, of whom 70.2% had a prescription for a topical fixed combination regimen at ID. Around 19% adhered to their medication, whereas 6% switched to other options of psoriasis treatment. Multivariable logistic regression model shows that patients on fixed combination treatment were less likely to be non-adherent to treatment and less likely to switch to other treatments. The annual mean pharmaceutical costs were €567.70 and €10,606.10 for patients who switched to DMARDs and biologics, respectively. Conclusion Our findings show that the use of fixed combination topical treatment can lead to improve the likelihood of patients being adherent to treatment and can decrease the likelihood of switching the treatment to DMARDs or biologics. PMID:28293115

Topical medication utilization and health resources consumption in adult patients affected by psoriasis: findings from the analysis of administrative databases of local health units.

PubMed

Perrone, Valentina; Sangiorgi, Diego; Buda, Stefano; Degli Esposti, Luca

2017-01-01

The objectives of this study were to: 1) analyze the drug utilization pattern among adult psoriasis patients who were newly prescribed with topical medication; and 2) assess their adherence to topical therapy and the possibility of switching to other strategies in the treatment process. An observational retrospective analysis was conducted based on administrative databases of two Italian local health units. All adult subjects who were diagnosed with psoriasis or who were newly prescribed for topical medication with at least one prescription between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, were screened. Only patients who were "non-occasional users of topical drugs" (if they had at least two prescriptions of topical drugs in a time space of 2 years) were considered for the first and second objectives in the analysis. The date of the first prescription of topical agents was identified as the index date (ID), which was then followed for all time available from ID (follow-up period). The adherence to therapy was assessed on the basis of cycles of treatment covered in the 6 months before the end of the follow-up period. The mean health care costs in patients who switched to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics after the ID were evaluated. A total of 17,860 patients with psoriasis who were newly prescribed for topical medication were identified. A total of 2,477 were identified as "non-occasional users of topical drugs", of whom 70.2% had a prescription for a topical fixed combination regimen at ID. Around 19% adhered to their medication, whereas 6% switched to other options of psoriasis treatment. Multivariable logistic regression model shows that patients on fixed combination treatment were less likely to be non-adherent to treatment and less likely to switch to other treatments. The annual mean pharmaceutical costs were €567.70 and €10,606.10 for patients who switched to DMARDs and biologics, respectively. Our findings show that the use of fixed combination topical treatment can lead to improve the likelihood of patients being adherent to treatment and can decrease the likelihood of switching the treatment to DMARDs or biologics.

Decreasing Skin Graft Contraction through Topical Wound Bed Preparation with Anti-Inflammatory Agents

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

This proposal aims to identify topically applied anti-inflammatory drugs that will reduce recipient site inflammation and skin graft contraction. We...hypothesize that the elevated and prolonged inflammatory state of the recipient wound bed is a causative factor in the development of skin graft contraction...Using a porcine model of skin graft contraction, we will screen for anti-inflammatory agents (dose, schedule of administration, drug class

MALDI imaging facilitates new topical drug development process by determining quantitative skin distribution profiles.

PubMed

Bonnel, David; Legouffe, Raphaël; Eriksson, André H; Mortensen, Rasmus W; Pamelard, Fabien; Stauber, Jonathan; Nielsen, Kim T

2018-04-01

Generation of skin distribution profiles and reliable determination of drug molecule concentration in the target region are crucial during the development process of topical products for treatment of skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Imaging techniques like mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) offer sufficient spatial resolution to generate meaningful distribution profiles of a drug molecule across a skin section. In this study, we use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to generate quantitative skin distribution profiles based on tissue extinction coefficient (TEC) determinations of four different molecules in cross sections of human skin explants after topical administration. The four drug molecules: roflumilast, tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and LEO 29102 have different physicochemical properties. In addition, tofacitinib was administrated in two different formulations. The study reveals that with MALDI-MSI, we were able to observe differences in penetration profiles for both the four drug molecules and the two formulations and thereby demonstrate its applicability as a screening tool when developing a topical drug product. Furthermore, the study reveals that the sensitivity of the MALDI-MSI techniques appears to be inversely correlated to the drug molecules' ability to bind to the surrounding tissues, which can be estimated by their Log D values. Graphical abstract.

Induction of salivary polypeptides associated with parotid hypertrophy by gallotannins administered topically into the mouse mouth.

PubMed

Gho, Francesca; Peña-Neira, Alvaro; López-Solís, Remigio O

2007-02-01

Isoproterenol-induced salivary polypeptides (IISP), a group of proline-rich proteins synthesized by mouse parotids, have been considered as markers for isoproterenol-induced parotid hypertrophy. Rodents fed diets containing high-tannin cereals (sorghum), also develop parotid hypertrophy. To test whether tannins are directly involved in provoking sialotrophic growth, we studied the effect of intraperitoneal and topical oral administrations of tannic acid (TA) on the induction of IISP polypeptides in endogamic mice (A/Snell). TA was characterized by HPLC chromatography and spectral analysis and shown to be composed solely of gallotannins, a complex family of glucose and gallic acid esters. IISP polypeptides were monitored in saliva by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis during 36 h after ending TA stimulation. Single daily intraperitoneal administrations of TA for 3 consecutive days (0.033 mg/g bw/day), at variance of parallel administrations of isoproterenol (0.042 mg/g bw/day) failed to induce IISP polypeptides. However, repeated topical applications of TA into the mouse mouths (1.21 mg/g bw divided into three equal doses given at 4-h intervals within a single day) resulted in unequivocal induction of IISP polypeptides. That response was clearly intensified by increasing the stimulation frequency to eight equivalent doses given at 1.5-h intervals within a single day (corresponding to 3.23 mg/g bw) and even further by repeating this protocol for 3 days. Under these productive schemes of stimulations by TA, electrophoretic fractionation of parotid homogenates showed new polypeptide bands migrating in parallel to salivary IISP. These results suggest that topically administered gallotannins are effective inducers of trophic growth in mouse parotids.

Degree of corneal anaesthesia after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in clinically normal cattle.

PubMed

Little, W B; Jean, G St; Sithole, F; Little, E; Jean, K Yvorchuk-St

2016-06-01

The use of corneal anaesthesia is necessary for a range of clinical purposes. Therefore, we assessed and compared the efficacy of corneal anaesthesia after application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in clinically normal cattle. The 24 clinically normal cows were allocated into two groups. Cows in group 1 (n = 12) received 0.2 mL of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride with fluorescein ophthalmic solution in one eye and 0.2 mL of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) with fluorescein in the contralateral eye (control). Group 2 (n = 12) received 0.2 mL of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride with fluorescein ophthalmic solution in one eye and 0.2 mL of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride with fluorescein in the contralateral eye (control). In each group, corneal touch threshold was determined by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer for both eyes immediately prior to topical administration of solutions, at 1 min and 5 min after administration of topical solutions and every 5 min thereafter for a total of 75 min. Significant corneal anaesthesia was noted immediately following topical application of both oxybuprocaine and proparacaine as compared with controls, with maximal corneal anaesthesia noted 1 min after administration. Both oxybuprocaine and proparacaine produced significant corneal anaesthesia for the duration of the 75-min study. Neither oxybuprocaine hydrochloride nor proparacaine hydrochloride treatment resulted in visible adverse effects. There are limited data available demonstrating the efficacy and duration of corneal anaesthetic agents in cattle. Both oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and proparacaine hydrochloride should be considered practical options for providing corneal anaesthesia in cattle in a clinical setting. © 2016 Australian Veterinary Association.

Evolving guidelines in the use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Balmaceda, Casilda M

2014-01-21

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a standard treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), but the use of oral NSAIDs has been linked to an elevated risk for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events and renal toxicity. Topical NSAIDs are thought to afford efficacy that is comparable to oral formulations while reducing widespread systemic drug exposure, which may provide a benefit in terms of safety and tolerability. As a result, European treatment guidelines have, for many years, recommended the use of topical NSAIDs as a safe and effective treatment option for OA. Following the recent approval of several topical NSAID formulations by the US Food and Drug Administration, US treatment guidelines are increasingly recommending the use of topical NSAIDs as an alternative therapy and, in some cases, as a first-line option for OA. This commentary summarizes OA treatment guidelines that are currently available and discusses their potential evolution with regard to the increased inclusion of topical NSAIDs.

Evolving guidelines in the use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a standard treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), but the use of oral NSAIDs has been linked to an elevated risk for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events and renal toxicity. Topical NSAIDs are thought to afford efficacy that is comparable to oral formulations while reducing widespread systemic drug exposure, which may provide a benefit in terms of safety and tolerability. As a result, European treatment guidelines have, for many years, recommended the use of topical NSAIDs as a safe and effective treatment option for OA. Following the recent approval of several topical NSAID formulations by the US Food and Drug Administration, US treatment guidelines are increasingly recommending the use of topical NSAIDs as an alternative therapy and, in some cases, as a first-line option for OA. This commentary summarizes OA treatment guidelines that are currently available and discusses their potential evolution with regard to the increased inclusion of topical NSAIDs. PMID:24444047

Lidocaine gel versus combined topical anesthesia using bupivacaine, oxybuprocaine and diclofenac eyedrops in cataract surgery.

PubMed

Thill, Michelle; Zeitz, Oliver; Richard, Ines; Richard, Gisbert

2005-01-01

To assess the safety and efficacy of two topical anesthesia regimes for cataract surgery. 21 patients received a combination of 4 times bupivacaine 0.5, oxybuprocaine and diclofenac eyedrops, 18 patients were given a single topical application of lidocaine gel 2%. A single intracameral injection of lidocaine 1% was administered to all subjects. The extent to which the surgeon was bothered by patient motility was graded as low in about two thirds of all procedures. Patients reported lower intraoperative pain levels with a single application of lidocaine gel supplemented with intracameral lidocaine than with a fourfold application of the combination topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia. A single application of lidocaine gel 2% combined with intracameral anesthesia provides at least as good analgesia than multiple administration of combined topical anesthesia supplemented with intracameral anesthesia and is equally safe.

Oral Versus Topical Diclofenac Sodium in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Tieppo Francio, Vinicius; Davani, Saeid; Towery, Chris; Brown, Tony L

2017-06-01

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of joint pain in the United States and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), such as Diclofenac sodium, which is currently available in two main routes of administration; oral and topical distribution have been established as one of the standard treatments for OA. Generally, oral NSAIDs are well tolerated; however our narrative review suggests that the topical solution had a better tolerability property than oral Diclofenac sodium, especially due to side effects of gastrointestinal bleeding with the utilization of the oral format. In addition, the topical route may be considered a reasonable selection by clinicians for management of musculoskeletal pain in those patients with a history of potential risk and adverse side effects. Most studies reviewed comparing oral versus topical solution of Diclofenac sodium revealed comparable efficacy, with minimal side effects utilizing the topical route. The key point of this narrative review is to help clinicians that currently must decide between very inexpensive diclofenac oral presentations and expensive topical presentations especially in the elderly population and the pros and cons of such decision-making process.

Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus oil of evening primrose in the treatment of mastalgia.

PubMed

Qureshi, S; Sultan, N

2005-02-01

To compare oil of evening primrose (OEP) and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) with respect to safety, effectiveness, rapidity of response, cost effectiveness and acceptability in the treatment of breast pain. An open, non-randomised, comparative study of topical (NSAI) gel versus OEP was carried out, over a period of one year. Fifty female patients attending the outpatient department with moderate to severe breast pain were given one of the two agents alternatively, after selection. Results showed that out of 25 patients treated with OEP, 64% had a clinically significant response after three months of treatment, compared with 92% with topical NSAIDs. Only one patient (4%) had side effects with OEP, while no patient had side effects with topical NSAIDs. Twenty per cent and seventy per cent showed acceptability as far as costs were concerned and mode of administration respectively, with OEP. The acceptability rate was 68% and 96% respectively, with topical NSAIDs. This study has shown topical NSAIDs to be safe, effective, rapid and acceptable mode of treatment for cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia.

NNSA Signs Memorandum with Kuwait to Increase Cooperation on Nuclear Safeguards and Nonproliferation

ScienceCinema

Thomas D'Agostino

2017-12-09

On June 23, 2010, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on nuclear safeguards and other nonproliferation topics with the Kuwait National Nuclear Energy Committee (KNNEC). NNSA Administrator Thomas D'Agostino and KNNEC's Secretary General, Dr. Ahmad Bishara, signed the memorandum at a ceremony at U.S. Department of Energy headquarters in Washington.

Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students: A Handbook for Faculty and Administrators. The Greenwood Educator's Reference Collection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanlo, Ronni L., Ed.

This handbook is designed to guide faculty and administrators in working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) college students. It brings together the varied viewpoints of people concerned with providing appropriate services to LGBT students on college campuses. The book's 42 chapters discuss topics of special interest for faculty…

FEDERAL POLICY AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS, A SERIES OF NINE ESSAYS FOCUSING ON QUESTIONS AND ISSUES AROUND WHICH POLICY EVOLVES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LINDMAN, ERICK L.; AND OTHERS

THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION AND THE PERSISTENT AND EMERGING PROBLEMS AND PRESSURES IMPINGING ON SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS LED THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS TO AUTHORIZE PREPARATION OF THE NINE ESSAYS IN THIS VOLUME. EACH ESSAY IS CONCERNED WITH THE GENERAL TOPIC "FEDERAL POLICY AND THE PUBLIC…

Quantitative Research Methods Training in Education Leadership and Administration Preparation Programs as Disciplined Inquiry for Building School Improvement Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowers, Alex J.

2017-01-01

The quantitative research methods course is a staple of graduate programs in education leadership and administration. Historically, these courses serve to train aspiring district and school leaders in fundamental statistical research topics. This article argues for programs to focus as well in these courses on helping aspiring leaders develop…

Guidelines for the Administration of Educational Programs for Students Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing, Visually Impaired, or Deafblind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Susan; Ferrell, Kay; Luckner, John L.

2016-01-01

This paper presents the essential programming components resulting from a systematic review of research studies, legislation, and policy documents on the topic of administration issues in educational programming for students who are deaf/hard of hearing, visually impaired, or deafblind. It is recommended that educational teams should include a…

Education Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-11-02

NASA Administrator Charles F. Bolden, center, listens to a participant during a discussion of topics at an Education Summitt, Monday, Nov. 2, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Hormone Replacement Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish Menopause: Medicines to Help You (Food and Drug Administration) ... Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) - ...

Topical efficacy of dimercapto-chelating agents against lewisite-induced skin lesions in SKH-1 hairless mice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mouret, Stéphane, E-mail: stephane.mouret@irba.fr; Wartelle, Julien; Emorine, Sandy

2013-10-15

Lewisite is a potent chemical warfare arsenical vesicant that can cause severe skin lesions. Today, lewisite exposure remains possible during demilitarization of old ammunitions and as a result of deliberate use. Although its cutaneous toxicity is not fully elucidated, a specific antidote exists, the British anti-lewisite (BAL, dimercaprol) but it is not without untoward effects. Analogs of BAL, less toxic, have been developed such as meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and have been employed for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. However, efficacy of DMSA against lewisite-induced skin lesions remains to be determined in comparison with BAL. We have thus evaluated inmore » this study the therapeutic efficacy of BAL and DMSA in two administration modes against skin lesions induced by lewisite vapor on SKH-1 hairless mice. Our data demonstrate a strong protective efficacy of topical application of dimercapto-chelating agents in contrast to a subcutaneous administration 1 h after lewisite exposure, with attenuation of wound size, necrosis and impairment of skin barrier function. The histological evaluation also confirms the efficacy of topical application by showing that treatments were effective in reversing lewisite-induced neutrophil infiltration. This protective effect was associated with an epidermal hyperplasia. However, for all the parameters studied, BAL was more effective than DMSA in reducing lewisite-induced skin injury. Together, these findings support the use of a topical form of dimercaprol-chelating agent against lewisite-induced skin lesion within the first hour after exposure to increase the therapeutic management and that BAL, despite its side-effects, should not be abandoned. - Highlights: • Topically applied dimercapto-chelating agents reduce lewisite-induced skin damage. • One topical application of BAL or DMSA is sufficient to reverse lewisite effects. • Topical BAL is more effective than DMSA to counteract lewisite-induced skin damage.« less

Topical Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: New and Investigational Agents.

PubMed

Stein Gold, Linda F; Eichenfield, Lawrence F

2016-03-01

Recently a new class of topical medications for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis has been introduced with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first new prescription medication for this condition in more than a decade. Crisaborole, the newly approved medication, has relieved pruritus in more than one-third of patients within as little as 48 hours. It also has demonstrated efficacy in patients with skin of color. Topical therapies representing other new approaches to atopic dermatitis, with novel mechanisms of action, have shown promise in clinical development. Semin Cutan Med Surg 36(supp4):S99-S102. 2017 published by Frontline Medical Communications.

Alcohol during Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) Last reviewed: April, 2016 Pregnancy Is it safe? Other Pregnancy topics ') document.write(' ...

Canker Sores: Treatment

MedlinePlus

... ulcers can be associated with a number of systemic conditions in which the oral ulcers represent only ... preparations. The mode of administration can be topical, systemic, or a combination of both. The method selected ...

Transportation statistics annual report 2007

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This edition of the Transportation Statistics Annual Report (TSAR) presents selected transportation data on topics specified in the legislative mandate of the U.S. Department of Transportations Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bu...

21 CFR 350.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... ANTIPERSPIRANT DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE General Provisions § 350.1 Scope. (a) An over-the-counter antiperspirant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 350.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ANTIPERSPIRANT DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE General Provisions § 350.1 Scope. (a) An over-the-counter antiperspirant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 350.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ANTIPERSPIRANT DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE General Provisions § 350.1 Scope. (a) An over-the-counter antiperspirant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 350.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ANTIPERSPIRANT DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE General Provisions § 350.1 Scope. (a) An over-the-counter antiperspirant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

21 CFR 350.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ANTIPERSPIRANT DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE General Provisions § 350.1 Scope. (a) An over-the-counter antiperspirant drug product in a form suitable for topical administration is generally recognized...

Workshop for transportation forecasters

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

On September 22-23, 2009, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration's - Bureau of Transportation Statistics is hosted an international workshop on transportation forecasting in Washington, D.C. Topics fo...

7 CFR 3430.705 - Funding restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Biomass Research and Development Initiative § 3430.705 Funding restrictions. (a... three technical topic areas described in § 3430.704(a) receives not less than 15 percent of funds made...

7 CFR 3430.705 - Funding restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Biomass Research and Development Initiative § 3430.705 Funding restrictions. (a... three technical topic areas described in § 3430.704 of this part receive not less than 15 percent of...

7 CFR 3430.705 - Funding restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Biomass Research and Development Initiative § 3430.705 Funding restrictions. (a... three technical topic areas described in § 3430.704(a) receives not less than 15 percent of funds made...

7 CFR 3430.705 - Funding restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Biomass Research and Development Initiative § 3430.705 Funding restrictions. (a... three technical topic areas described in § 3430.704(a) receives not less than 15 percent of funds made...

Azelaic Acid Topical

MedlinePlus

... the bacteria that infect pores and by decreasing production of keratin, a natural substance that can lead ... send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online (http:// ...

Evaluating real-time effects of topical 1:1000 epinephrine in endoscopic sinus and skull-base surgery on hemodynamic parameters through intraoperative arterial line monitoring.

PubMed

Yim, Michael T; Ahmed, Omar G; Takashima, Masayoshi

2017-11-01

Administration of topical 1:1000 epinephrine is commonly used in practice to achieve vasoconstriction during endoscopic sinus surgery and skull-base surgery; however, real-time effects on cardiovascular changes from systemic absorption have not been well studied. Twenty-six patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary lesion at a single institution were included into the study. Following arterial line placement by anesthesiology, 6 cottonoid pledgets soaked in 1:1000 epinephrine were placed into the bilateral nasal passages. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were collected at baseline, 30 seconds, and increments in minutes up to 10 minutes. Additional potentially confounding factors such as use of antihypertensives, stress dose steroids, and positioning with head pins were all performed following termination of data collection. The majority of patients (20/26, 77%) showed no significant change in any parameter following placement of epinephrine soaked cottonoids. Six patients, however, had transient increases in blood pressure following administration of topical epinephrine, with a few requiring vasodilatory interventions. Return to baseline cardiovascular values were noted after an average of 7 minutes. There was no correlative preoperative characteristic that predicted sensitivity to placement of epinephrine. There were no lasting or permanent effects. Although intranasal topical 1:1000 epinephrine use showed no substantial hemodynamic changes in the majority of patients, in a subset of patients it can cause significant transient elevations in blood pressure to a degree necessitating intervention. Topical epinephrine should be used judiciously in endoscopic sinus surgery. © 2017 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of male-pattern and female-pattern hair loss, 2017 version.

PubMed

Manabe, Motomu; Tsuboi, Ryoji; Itami, Satoshi; Osada, Shin-Ichi; Amoh, Yasuyuki; Ito, Taisuke; Inui, Shigeki; Ueki, Rie; Ohyama, Manabu; Kurata, Sotaro; Kono, Takeshi; Saito, Norimitsu; Sato, Akio; Shimomura, Yutaka; Nakamura, Motonobu; Narusawa, Hiroshi; Yamazaki, Masashi

2018-06-04

Male-pattern hair loss (MPHL, androgenetic alopecia) is a slowly progressive form of alopecia which begins after puberty. In 2010, we published the first Japanese edition of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MPHL. It achieved the original goal of providing physicians and patients in Japan with evidence-based information for choosing efficacious and safe therapy for MPHL. Subsequently, new therapeutic drugs and treatment methods have been developed, and women's perception of MPHL has undergone change and the term "female-pattern hair loss (FPHL)" is becoming more common internationally. Thus, here we report a revised version of the 2010 guidelines aimed at both MPHL and FPHL. In these guidelines, finasteride 1 mg daily, dutasteride 0.5 mg daily and topical 5% minoxidil twice daily for MPHL, and topical 1% minoxidil twice daily for FPHL, are recommended as the first-line treatments. Self-hair transplantation, irradiation by light-emitting diodes and low-level lasers, and topical application of adenosine for MPHL are recommended, whereas prosthetic hair transplantation and oral administration of minoxidil should not be performed. Oral administration of finasteride or dutasteride are contraindicated for FPHL. In addition, we have evaluated the effectiveness of topical application of carpronium chloride, t-flavanone, cytopurine, pentadecane and ketoconazole, and wearing a wig. Unapproved topical application of bimatoprost and latanoprost, and emerging hair regeneration treatments have also been addressed. We believe that the revised guidelines will improve further the diagnostic and treatment standards for MPHL add FPHL in Japan. © 2018 Japanese Dermatological Association.

When the Writing Is on the Wall. A Legal Memorandum: Quarterly Law Topics for School Leaders. Vol. 6, No. 1, Fall 2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gesmonde, John M.

2005-01-01

Because of the dramatic changes in the education climate of school districts, the so-called schoolmaster, like the dinosaur, has vanished and the plenipotentiary school administrator, who the public now perceives as the school's chief executive officer (CEO), has emerged. A school administrator is not merely an education leader. Rather, like a…

Potentials Unlimited: Nursing Practice, Education and Administration. Nursing Research Conference Proceedings (1st, Fresno, California, April 8, 1987).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobsen-Webb, Marilyn-Lu, Ed.

The purposes of this conference were: (1) to present research representing a variety of topics and study designs; (2) to disseminate findings of nursing research; and (3) to stimulate the use of research and theory as a basis for clinical, educational, and administrative practice. The keynote address and two invited presentations are presented in…

Business and Organizational Communication: Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations Published in "Dissertation Abstracts International," January through October 1978 (Vol. 38 No. 7 through Vol. 39 No. 4).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, Urbana, IL.

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 14 titles deal with the following topics: written communication flow between administrators and faculty at a community college; an analysis of the perceptions of legislators and university administrators on selected issues;…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association of the Physical Plant Administrators of Universities and Colleges (69th, Phoenix, AZ, June 6-9, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Physical Plant Administrators of Universities and Colleges, Washington, DC.

All 22 papers presented at the 1982 meeting of the Association of Physical Plant Administrators are contained in these proceedings. The papers are organized under four topical areas: resource management, energy management, maintenance programs, and physical plant management. Resource management area papers offer advice on establishing a day…

Mammography: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... National Center for Health Statistics) MQSA National Statistics (Food and Drug Administration) Women with Disabilities and Breast Cancer Screening (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Mammography (National Institutes of ...

What You Should Know About Writing Contract Clauses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zweiback, Richard

1974-01-01

Gives tips on negotiating and writing employment contracts for teachers. Topics considered include a no-strike clause, bargaining format, administration of welfare funds, and use of the term "mutual understanding." (Author/DN)

Hip Replacement: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... damage. The most common cause of damage is osteoarthritis . Osteoarthritis causes pain, swelling, and reduced motion in your ... Food and Drug Administration) Genetics Genetics Home Reference: osteoarthritis (National Library of Medicine) Images Hip joint replacement - ...

Pain Relievers: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... are two main types of OTC pain medicines: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin, naproxen ( ... American Rhinologic Society) Don't Double Up on Acetaminophen (Food and Drug Administration) Also in Spanish Narcotic ...

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rebamipide Eyedrop Administration on Ocular Lesions in a Murine Model of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

PubMed Central

Arakaki, Rieko; Eguchi, Hiroshi; Yamada, Akiko; Kudo, Yasusei; Iwasa, Akihiko; Enkhmaa, Tserennadmid; Hotta, Fumika; Mitamura-Aizawa, Sayaka; Mitamura, Yoshinori; Hayashi, Yoshio; Ishimaru, Naozumi

2014-01-01

Background Topical therapy is effective for dry eye, and its prolonged effects should help in maintaining the quality of life of patients with dry eye. We previously reported that the oral administration of rebamipide (Reb), a mucosal protective agent, had a potent therapeutic effect on autoimmune lesions in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the effects of topical treatment with Reb eyedrops on the ocular lesions in the murine model of SS are unknown. Methods and Finding Reb eyedrops were administered to the murine model of SS aged 4–8 weeks four times daily. Inflammatory lesions of the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands and Harderian gland tissues were histologically evaluated. The direct effects of Reb on the lacrimal glands were analyzed using cultured lacrimal gland cells. Tear secretions of Reb-treated mice were significantly increased compared with those of untreated mice. In addition to the therapeutic effect of Reb treatment on keratoconjunctivitis, severe inflammatory lesions of intraorbital lacrimal gland tissues in this model of SS were resolved. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and mucin 5Ac in conjunctival tissues from Reb-treated mice was significantly increased compared with those of control mice. Moreover, lactoferrin production from lacrimal gland cells was restored by Reb treatment. Conclusion Topical Reb administration had an anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular autoimmune lesions in the murine model of SS and a protective effect on the ocular surfaces. PMID:24866156

Topical otic drugs in a multi-purpose manufacturing facility: a guide on determination and application of permitted daily exposure (PDE).

PubMed

Wiesner, Lisa; Prause, Maarten; Lovsin Barle, Ester

2018-03-01

Due to newly introduced EU GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) guideline for Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary use, product specific permitted daily exposure (PDE) for toxicological evaluation in multi-purpose facilities are required within a documented process for risk assessment. European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidance on setting PDE limits so far focused on systemic administration routes such as intravenous (IV), oral or inhalation. This article provides guidance on setting PDE values for risk management purposes in multi-purpose facilities for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) applied as topical otic drugs to the outer ear canal. The therewith determined PDE otic, is used for the calculation of maximum safe carry-over (MSC) in manufacturing scenarios where a topical otic product is manufactured followed by another topical otic product.

Topical Application of Apricot Kernel Extract Improves Dry Eye Symptoms in a Unilateral Exorbital Lacrimal Gland Excision Mouse

PubMed Central

Kim, Chan-Sik; Jo, Kyuhyung; Lee, Ik-Soo; Kim, Junghyun

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of topical application of apricot kernel extract (AKE) in a unilateral exorbital lacrimal gland excision mouse model of experimental dry eye. Dry eye was induced by surgical removal of the lacrimal gland. Eye drops containing 0.5 or 1 mg/mL AKE were administered twice a day from day 3 to day 7 after surgery. Tear fluid volume and corneal irregularity scores were determined. In addition, we examined the immunohistochemical expression level of Muc4. The topical administration of AKE dose-dependently improved all clinical dry eye symptoms by promoting the secretion of tear fluid and mucin. Thus, the results of this study indicate that AKE may be an efficacious topical agent for treating dry eye disease. PMID:27886047

Topical Application of Apricot Kernel Extract Improves Dry Eye Symptoms in a Unilateral Exorbital Lacrimal Gland Excision Mouse.

PubMed

Kim, Chan-Sik; Jo, Kyuhyung; Lee, Ik-Soo; Kim, Junghyun

2016-11-23

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of topical application of apricot kernel extract (AKE) in a unilateral exorbital lacrimal gland excision mouse model of experimental dry eye. Dry eye was induced by surgical removal of the lacrimal gland. Eye drops containing 0.5 or 1 mg/mL AKE were administered twice a day from day 3 to day 7 after surgery. Tear fluid volume and corneal irregularity scores were determined. In addition, we examined the immunohistochemical expression level of Muc4. The topical administration of AKE dose-dependently improved all clinical dry eye symptoms by promoting the secretion of tear fluid and mucin. Thus, the results of this study indicate that AKE may be an efficacious topical agent for treating dry eye disease.

Topical botulinum toxin.

PubMed

Collins, Ashley; Nasir, Adnan

2010-03-01

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing discipline that capitalizes on the unique properties of matter engineered on the nanoscale. Vehicles incorporating nanotechnology have led to great strides in drug delivery, allowing for increased active ingredient stability, bioavailability, and site-specific targeting. Botulinum toxin has historically been used for the correction of neurological and neuromuscular disorders, such as torticollis, blepharospasm, and strabismus. Recent dermatological indications have been for the management of axillary hyperhydrosis and facial rhytides. Traditional methods of botulinum toxin delivery have been needle-based. These have been associated with increased pain and cost. Newer methods of botulinum toxin formulation have yielded topical preparations that are bioactive in small pilot clinical studies. While there are some risks associated with topical delivery, the refinement and standardization of delivery systems and techniques for the topical administration of botulinum toxin using nanotechnology is anticipated in the near future.

Ruxolitinib-conjugated gold nanoparticles for topical administration: An alternative for treating alopecia?

PubMed

Boca, Sanda; Berce, Cristian; Jurj, Ancuta; Petrushev, Bobe; Pop, Laura; Gafencu, Grigore-Aristide; Selicean, Sonia; Moisoiu, Vlad; Temian, Daiana; Micu, Wilhelm-Thomas; Astilean, Simion; Braicu, Cornelia; Tomuleasa, Ciprian; Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana

2017-11-01

Alopecia is a dermatological condition for which Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have recently emerged as potential therapy options, but with limited practical use because of the systemic side effects. The topical use of Ruxolitinib in alopecia universalis has been demonstrated, but little is known about the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of this way of administration. Nanomedicine provides improved therapeutics. In the current paper we present preliminary data regarding the potential use of Ruxolitinib-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in dermatological conditions, as GNPs have been proven to have a reduced absorption rate into the systemic blood flow for cutaneous administration. Internalization of the newly formed bioconjugate was assessed by electron microscopy and the functional effects of the drug were investigated by cell counting, flow cytometry and western blotting. Our data show that gold nanoparticles conjugated with Ruxolitinib inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts by inhibiting JAK2 protein. Ruxolitinib carried by gold nanoparticles alters the proliferation of human fibroblasts, which is of great clinical importance as it can be readily administered on the skin with minimal risk of systemic side effects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endocrine complications of topical and intralesional corticosteroid therapy.

PubMed

Curtis, J A; Cormode, E; Laski, B; Toole, J; Howard, N

1982-03-01

Four previously healthy children acquired skin problems that were treated with topical or intralesional fluorinated corticosteroids. Three developed signs that suggested Cushing's syndrome 1-4 months after initial treatment. Investigation showed low plasma cortisol levels and inadequate response to corticotrophin stimulation. After 7 months of treatment with topical steroids the fourth child presented with failure to thrive; during a febrile illness he had a convulsion followed by acute hypotension which responded to parenteral corticosteroid administration. Adrenal function was not studied in this patient. Although fluorinated corticosteroids seldom lead to overt adrenal suppression in children, they may impair pituitary-adrenal responses in some. Such patients should be given oral or parenteral steroid cover in the event of illness or trauma.

Meet the APJON Editorial Board

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

The following oncology nurses, nurse practitioners, educators, administrators, and other healthcare providers comprise the Editorial Board of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing (APJON) for 2016. They are involved in cancer care and support APJON's mission to provide a platform for oncology nurses from Asia-Pacific region to share information in all field of oncology nursing from prevention to palliative care. Since 2015, there has been a special topic in each issue, with the topic editor soliciting articles reading all the submitted articles and serving as guest editor for that issue of the journal. We welcome your comments, ideas, and suggestions for special topics. Contact information can be found at the end of each description.

Trends in biomedical informatics: automated topic analysis of JAMIA articles

PubMed Central

Wang, Shuang; Jiang, Chao; Jiang, Xiaoqian; Kim, Hyeon-Eui; Sun, Jimeng; Ohno-Machado, Lucila

2015-01-01

Biomedical Informatics is a growing interdisciplinary field in which research topics and citation trends have been evolving rapidly in recent years. To analyze these data in a fast, reproducible manner, automation of certain processes is needed. JAMIA is a “generalist” journal for biomedical informatics. Its articles reflect the wide range of topics in informatics. In this study, we retrieved Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and citations of JAMIA articles published between 2009 and 2014. We use tensors (i.e., multidimensional arrays) to represent the interaction among topics, time and citations, and applied tensor decomposition to automate the analysis. The trends represented by tensors were then carefully interpreted and the results were compared with previous findings based on manual topic analysis. A list of most cited JAMIA articles, their topics, and publication trends over recent years is presented. The analyses confirmed previous studies and showed that, from 2012 to 2014, the number of articles related to MeSH terms Methods, Organization & Administration, and Algorithms increased significantly both in number of publications and citations. Citation trends varied widely by topic, with Natural Language Processing having a large number of citations in particular years, and Medical Record Systems, Computerized remaining a very popular topic in all years. PMID:26555018

New Congressional Climate Change Task Force Calls on President to Use Administrative Authority

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2013-02-01

Spurred by U.S. congressional inaction on climate change and by President Barack Obama's comments on the topic in his 21 January inaugural address, several Democratic members of Congress announced at a Capitol Hill briefing the formation of a bicameral task force on climate change. In addition, they have called on the president to use his administrative authority to deal with the issue.

What next for California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lang, P.

The effect of Governor Jerry Brown on the solar industry in California is reviewed. It is pointed out that currently there are 7000 solar businesses; before Gov. Brown's administration there were virtually none. The effect of Gov. Brown's administration on the use of solar and renewable energy sources, as well as energy conservation are reviewed. Specific topics include: (1) political action; (2) business sense; (3) increased competition; (4) marketing; and (5) consumer protection. (MJJ)

Confrontation (A Human Relations Training Unit and Simulation Game for Teacher and Administrators in a Multi-Ethnic Elementary and High School). Description of Teacher Inservice Education Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC. Project on Utilization of Inservice Education R & D Outcomes.

The inservice teacher and administrator education program described here is intended to make teachers aware of the problems they may encounter in a multicultural, multiethnic school setting. The inservice topic is human relations, with the subject of black/white confrontation the main focus. This descriptive report provides additional information…

Topical amitriptyline and ketamine for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

PubMed

Mercadante, Sebastiano

2015-01-01

A neuropathy is a disturbance of function or pathological change in nerves. In some cases, peripheral neuropathic pain may occur due to a lesion or disease of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system. Efficacy of different agents for peripheral neuropathic pain conditions is less than optimal. The administration of topical analgesics might be an option, due to the potential of reduced adverse effects and increased patient compliance. There is major interest in compounding topical analgesics for peripheral neuropathic pain, but several challenges remain for this approach. Topical analgesics have the potential to be a valuable additional approach for the management of peripheral neuropathic pain. Topical amitriptyline-ketamine combination (AK) is a promising agent for peripheral neuropathic pain conditions. Some studies have shown its efficacy in neuropathic pain conditions. However, this data was not uniformely obtained and its role remains still controversial. Efficacy may depend on many factors, including the choice of the vehicle, the concentration, the pain site, and specific diseases. More studies are necessary to support the use of AK in clinical practice.

Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer by Topical Application of Black Raspberries on High At-Risk Mucosa

PubMed Central

Warner, Blake M.; Casto, Bruce C.; Knobloch, Thomas J.; Accurso, Brent T.; Weghorst, Christopher M.

2014-01-01

Objective To evaluate the preclinical efficacy of topical administration of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) to inhibit the progression of premalignant oral lesions and modulate biomarkers of cancer development in high at-risk mucosa (HARM). Study Design Hamster cheek pouches (HCPs) were treated with carcinogen for six weeks to initiate a HARM microenvironment. Subsequently, right HCPs were topically administered a BRB suspension in short-term or long-term studies. After 12 weeks, SCC multiplicity, SCC incidence, and cell proliferation rates were evaluated. mRNA expression was measured in short-term treated pouches for selected oral cancer biomarkers. Results SCC multiplicity (−41.3%), tumor incidence (−37.1%), and proliferation rate (−6.9%) were reduced in HCPs receiving BRBs. Topical BRBs correlated with an increase in Rb1 expression in developing oral lesions. Conclusion Topical BRBs inhibit SCC development when targeted to HARM tissues. These results support the translational role of BRBs to prevent oral cancer development in humans. PMID:25457886

Penetration of mucoadhesive chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles into the porcine cornea.

PubMed

Chaiyasan, Wanachat; Praputbut, Sakonwun; Kompella, Uday B; Srinivas, Sangly P; Tiyaboonchai, Waree

2017-01-01

Topical application of drugs to the eyes suffers from poor bioavailability at the ocular surface and in the anterior chamber. This is due to rapid clearance of the drug because of tear secretion and outflow. This study has investigated mucoadhesive and penetration characteristics of chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CDNs), prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation technique, following topical administration to the ocular surface. Topical FITC-labeled CDNs (FCDNs; mean size of 400nm and a surface charge of +48mV) were retained on the porcine ocular surface for more than 4h. Topical FCDNs were partially endocytosed into porcine corneal epithelial cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway. After 6h of topical FCDNs, particles accumulated in the corneal epithelium but not found in the corneal stroma. When epithelium was removed, FCDNs penetrated the stroma. Thus, CDNs are potentially useful for drug/gene delivery to the ocular surface and to stroma when epithelium is damaged. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bibliography on Collegiate Athletics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Francois, Denise; And Others

1979-01-01

A bibliography on collegiate athletics with approximately 400 items is presented. Topics include: sports administration, sports histories, women's athletics, physical education, problems and scandals, sports organizations, sports and health, and references on many specific sports, especially football. (JMD)

Nutrition for Seniors: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Aging) Older Adults and Food Safety (Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service) Also in Spanish ... Administration) Health Check Tools ChooseMyPlate.gov (Department of Agriculture) Food-A-Pedia (Department of Agriculture) Search Recipes ( ...

Engineering Technology Education: Bibliography 1989.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dyrud, Marilyn A., Comp.

1990-01-01

Over 200 references divided into 24 different areas are presented. Topics include administration, aeronautics, architecture, biomedical technology, CAD/CAM, civil engineering, computers, curriculum, electrical/electronics engineering, industrial engineering, industry and employment, instructional technology, laboratories, lasers, liberal studies,…

Underage Drinking: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse Treatment for Children and Adolescents: Questions to Ask ( ... With Your College-Bound Young Adult About Alcohol (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) - PDF Genetics Genetics ...

77 FR 16551 - Standards for Private Laboratory Analytical Packages and Introduction to Laboratory Related...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-21

... Food Modernization Safety Act for Private Laboratory Managers AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS... Food Modernization Safety Act for Private Laboratory Managers.'' The topic to be discussed is the...

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) has protective actions in the stomach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MacNaughton, W.K.; Wallace, J.L.; Cirino, G.

1989-01-01

The role that nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, may play in the regulation of gastric mucosal defense was investigated by assessing the potential protective actions of this factor against the damage caused by ethanol in an ex vivo chamber preparation of the rat stomach. Topical application of glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside, which have been shown to release nitric oxide, markedly reduced the area of 70% ethanol-induced hemorrhagic damage. Topical application of a 0.01% solution of authentic nitric oxide also significantly reduced the severity of mucosal damage. Pretreatment with indomethacin precluded the involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in the protectivemore » effects of these agents. The protective effects of NO were transient, since a delay of 5 minutes between NO administration and ethanal administration resulted in a complete loss of the protective activity. The protection against ethanol afforded by 10 ug/ml nitroprusside could be completely reversed by intravenous infusion of either 1% methylene blue or 1 mM hemoglobin, both of which inhibit vasodilation induced by nitric oxide. Intravenous infusion of 1% methylene blue significantly increased the susceptibility of the mucosa to damage induced by topical 20% ethanol.« less

Effective prophylaxis of influenza A virus pneumonia in mice by topical passive immunotherapy with polyvalent human immunoglobulins or F(ab')2 fragments.

PubMed

Ramisse, F; Deramoudt, F X; Szatanik, M; Bianchi, A; Binder, P; Hannoun, C; Alonso, J M

1998-03-01

The effectiveness of polyvalent plasma-derived human immunoglobulins (IVIG) in passive immunotherapy of influenza virus pneumonia was assessed, using the Strain Scotland (A/Scotland/74 (H3N2)) adapted to BALB/c mice by repeated lung passages. Haemagglutinin antibodies in two batches of IVIG at 10 mg/ml had a titre of 1/16. Intravenous injection of 1000-5000 microg of IVIG, 3 h after infection, gave 60-70% protection, whereas intranasal injection of 25-50 microg protected 90% of mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza virus. F(ab')2 fragments were at least as protective as intact IVIG, suggesting that complement or Fcgamma receptor-bearing cells were not required. Topical passive immunotherapy with IVIG or F(ab')2 gave protection up to 8 h after infection, but not at 24 h, suggesting that anti-influenza A antibodies in IVIG, delivered locally, are only effective at early stages of the infectious process. The potential value of topical administration of IVIG or F(ab')2 fragments for influenza A pneumonia prophylaxis was further demonstrated by the protective effects of their intranasal administration 24 h before challenge.

TU-CD-213-00: Administrative Aspects of Medical Physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

As part of the AAPM’s Scope of Practice, medical physicists are expected to collaborate effectively with practioners and allied health care providers. Interpersonal skills such as communication, negotiation and persuasion are vital for successful collaboration to achieve shared goals. This session will provide some theoretical background of these interpersonal skills as well as specific techniques and practical tools to influence others. Applications of these interpersonal skills for administrative and human resource management purposes vital to medical physicists will be shared. Session attendees will gain knowledge and tools to help them effectively collaborate with administrative and physician leaders in areas suchmore » as capital and human resource selection, prioritization, and implementation. Participants will hear methods of how to articulate their goals and to understand the goals of administration, helping ensure alignment of purpose. Session speakers will present one of the topics: equipment selection, budget creation, contracts, and program-related policy development. Specifics may include designing a business case in language that administrators understand, calculating the prioritization of budget requests, and influencing policies for safe and effective care. Human resource topics may include staffing justification, recruitment for fit, employment contracts, and benefits. Speakers will provide examples in both radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging departments and will share experiences and outcomes of their approaches for better results. Learning Objectives: After this course attendees will be better able to Understand the shared goal between administrative and physicist leadership. Articulate the “why” of the technical or human resource need. Utilize communication, negotiation and persuasion tools to improve collaboration.« less

Effect of sedation with detomidine on intraocular pressure with and without topical anesthesia in clinically normal horses.

PubMed

Holve, Dana L

2012-02-01

To determine the effect of sedation with detomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in standing horses and whether topical ocular application of anesthetic alters this effect. Clinical trial. 15 clinically normal horses. Horses were assigned to group 1 (n = 7) or 2 (8). Intraocular pressure measurements were obtained at baseline (before sedation) and 10 minutes after IV administration of detomidine (0.02 mg/kg [0.009 mg/lb]). Group 1 horses had an additional IOP measurement at 20 minutes after sedation. For group 2 horses, topical ocular anesthetic was administered 10 minutes prior to baseline IOP measurements. Mean ± SD baseline IOP for horses without topical anesthesia (group 1 horses; IOP, 24.30 ± 3.09 mm Hg) was significantly lower, compared with that of horses with topical anesthesia (group 2 horses; IOP, 30.40 ± 3.25 mm Hg). Compared with baseline values, IOP at 10 minutes after sedation decreased significantly in all horses (by 3.61 ± 1.48 mm Hg and 5.78 ± 4.32 mm Hg in groups 1 and 2, respectively). In group 1 horses, IOP at 10 (20.69 ± 3.45 mm Hg) and 20 (19.96 ± 2.13 mm Hg) minutes after sedation was significantly decreased, compared with baseline values; however, the difference between IOP at 10 versus 20 minutes was not significant. The difference in IOP between group 1 and 2 horses at 10 minutes after sedation was not significant. IV administration of detomidine caused a decrease in IOP in clinically normal horses and may be a safe sedative when performing ocular procedures.

Efficacy and safety of topical diquafosol ophthalmic solution for treatment of dry eye: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

PubMed

Wu, Di; Chen, Wang Qi; Li, Ryan; Wang, Yan

2015-06-01

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical diquafosol ophthalmic solution for treatment of dry eye. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were identified to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical administration of diquafosol to patients with dry eyes. Data evaluation was based on endpoints including Schirmer test, tear film break-up time, ocular surface staining score, subjective symptom score, and adverse events. A total of 8 RCTs involving 1516 patients were selected based on the prespecified criteria. Significant improvement of Schirmer test values and tear film break-up time were reported in 40% (2 of 5) and 80% (4 of 5) studies, respectively. Ocular surface staining scores significantly decreased in 100% (fluorescein corneal staining, 6 of 6; Rose Bengal corneal and conjunctival staining, 4 of 4) RCTs. Symptoms significantly improved in 75% (6 of 8) RCTs in patients with dry eyes. No severe adverse events were reported with the concentration of diquafosol from 0.5% to 5%. Heterogeneity in study design prevented meta-analysis from statistical integration and summarization. Topical diquafosol seems to be a safe therapeutic option for the treatment of dry eye. The high variability of the selected RCTs compromised the strength of evidence and limits the determination of efficacy. However, the topical administration of diquafosol seems to be beneficial in improving the integrity of the epithelial cell layer of the ocular surface and mucin secretion in patients with dry eyes. This review indicates a need for standardized criteria and methods for evaluation to assess the efficacy of diquafosol in the future clinical trials.

Evaluation of inositol phosphates in urine after topical administration of myo-inositol hexaphosphate to female Wistar rats.

PubMed

Grases, F; Costa-Bauzá, A; Berga, F; Rodríguez, A; Gomila, R M; Martorell, G; Martínez-Cignoni, M R

2018-01-01

Previous studies demonstrated a remarkable increase of urinary InsP 6 by topical administration. However, the methodology used for InsP 6 analysis was not specific. The aim of this paper is to measure urinary inositol phosphates InsPs using more advanced methodologies and to compare the results with those obtained by the non-specific method. We fed 12 female rats with a diet without InsP 6 for 16days. Then, we administered a topical InsP 6 gel at high doses for 7days (50mgInsP 6 /day) or at low doses for 28days (20mgInsP 6 /day). We measured urine levels InsPs using a nonspecific method (based on the ability of InsPs to complex Al 3+ ) and levels of InsP 6 by a specific method (using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Identification of different InsPs was performed by MS. At baseline, after dietary deprivation of InsP 6 , rats only excreted InsP 2 in their urine, and there was no detectable InsP 6 or other InsPs. Rats given the high dose treatment for 7days had abundant urinary InsP 6 , but also had other InsPs in their urine; cessation of InsP 6 administration led to decreased levels of urinary InsPs. Rats given the low dose treatment for 28days had increasing levels of urinary InsPs over time. The maximum urinary InsP 6 was at 21days, after which InsPs excretion decreased. We conclude that the skin can absorb InsP 6 from a topical gel, and that InsP 6 is excreted in the urine, along with other InsPs (InsP 5 , InsP 4 , InsP 3 , and InsP 2 ). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Topical fibrin sealant versus intravenous tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Gao, Fuqiang; Ma, Jinhui; Sun, Wei; Guo, Wanshou; Li, Zirong; Wang, Weiguo

2016-08-01

Efficacy and safety of topical application of a fibrin sealant (FS) compared with intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) for reducing blood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We undertook a meta-analysis to compare the effects of topical application of FS or intravenous administration of TXA on blood loss after TKA. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies comparing FS with TXA for TKA patients. The mean difference (MD) of blood loss, hemoglobin value, and odds ratios (ORs) of transfusion requirements and adverse events in FS and TXA groups were pooled throughout the study. Relevant data were analyzed using RevMan v5.3. Five studies involving 359 patients were included (181 FS vs. 178 TXA). TXA use had a significantly lower prevalence of blood transfusion (OR = 3.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67 to 5.90, P = 0.0004) and higher hemoglobin level (MD = -1.23; 95% CI, -2.19 to -0.27, P = 0.01) than FS in the early postoperative period. No significant difference was seen in total blood loss between the two groups (MD = 198.06; 95% CI, -267.45 to 663.57; P = 0.40). There were no significant differences in adverse events, superficial infections, or deep-vein thrombosis among study groups. Our meta-analysis suggests that intravenous administration of TXA for patients undergoing TKA may reduce blood-transfusion requirements and maintain higher hemoglobin levels compared with topical application of FS in the early postoperative period. There were no significant differences in total calculated blood loss and prevalence of complications between the two groups. However, owing to the variation of included studies, no firm conclusions can be drawn. Copyright © 2016 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Topical and intravenous pilocarpine stimulated accommodation in anesthetized rhesus monkeys.

PubMed

Wendt, Mark; Glasser, Adrian

2010-05-01

Many studies have used pilocarpine to stimulate accommodation in both humans and monkeys. However, the concentrations of pilocarpine used and the methods of administration vary. In this study, three different methods of pilocarpine administration are evaluated for their effectiveness in stimulating accommodation in rhesus monkeys. Experiments were performed in 17 iridectomized, anesthetized rhesus monkeys aged 4-16 years. Maximum accommodation was stimulated in all these monkeys with a 2% pilocarpine solution maintained on the cornea for at least 30 min in a specially designed perfusion lens. In subsequent topical pilocarpine experiments, baseline refraction was measured with a Hartinger coincidence refractometer and then while the monkeys were upright and facing forward, commercially available pilocarpine (2, 4, or 6%) was applied topically to the cornea as 2 or 4 drops in two applications or 6 drops in three applications over a five minute period with the eyelids closed between applications. Alternatively, while supine, 10-12 drops of pilocarpine were maintained on the cornea in a scleral cup for 5 min. Refraction measurements were begun 5 min after the second application of pilocarpine and continued for at least 30 min after initial administration until no further change in refraction occurred. In intravenous experiments, pilocarpine was given either as boluses ranging from 0.1mg/kg to 2mg/kg or boluses followed by a constant infusion at rates between 3.06 mg/kg/h and 11.6 mg/kg/h. Constant 2% pilocarpine solution on the eye in the perfusion lens produced 10.88+/-2.73 D (mean+/-SD) of accommodation. Topically applied pilocarpine produced 3.81 D+/-2.41, 5.49 D+/-4.08, and 5.55 D+/-3.27 using 2%, 4%, and 6% solutions respectively. When expressed as a percentage of the accommodative response amplitude obtained in the same monkey with constant 2% pilocarpine solution on the eye, the responses were 34.7% for 2% pilocarpine, 48.4% for 4% pilocarpine, and 44.6% for 6% pilocarpine. Topical 4% and 6% pilocarpine achieved similar, variable accommodative responses, but neither achieved maximum accommodation. IV boluses of pilocarpine achieved near maximal levels of accommodation at least ten times faster than topical methods. Doses effective for producing maximum accommodation ranged from 0.25mg/kg to 1.0mg/kg. IV pilocarpine boluses caused an anterior movement of the anterior lens surface, a posterior movement of the posterior lens surface, and a slight net anterior movement of the entire lens. Considerable variability in response amplitude occurred and maximum accommodative amplitude was rarely achieved with topical application of a variety of concentrations of commercially available pilocarpine. Intravenous infusion of pilocarpine was a rapid and reliable method of producing a nearly maximal accommodative response and maintaining accommodation when desired. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U.S. public schools, 1999.

PubMed

Landry, D J; Singh, S; Darroch, J E

2000-01-01

While policymakers, educators and parents recognize the need for family life and sexuality education during children's formative years and before adolescence, there is little nationally representative information on the timing and content of such instruction in elementary schools. In 1999, data were gathered from 1, 789 fifth- and sixth-grade teachers as part of a nationally representative survey of 5,543 public school teachers in grades 5-12. Based on the responses of 617 fifth- and sixth-grade teachers who said they teach sexuality education, analyses were carried out on the topics and skills sexuality education teachers taught, the grades in which they taught them, their teaching approaches, the pressures they experienced, whether they received support from parents, the community and school administrators, and their needs. Seventy-two percent of fifth- and sixth-grade teachers report that sexuality education is taught in their schools at one or both grades. Fifty-six percent of teachers say that the subject is taught in grade five and 64% in grade six. More than 75% of teachers who teach sexuality education in these grades cover puberty, HIV and AIDS transmission and issues such as how alcohol and drugs affect behavior and how to stick with a decision. However, when schools that do not provide sexuality education are taken into account, even most of these topics are taught in only a little more than half of fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms. All other topics are much less likely to be covered. Teaching of all topics is less prevalent at these grades than teachers think it should be. Gaps between what teachers say they are teaching and teachers' recommendations for what should be taught and by what grade are especially large for such topics as sexual abuse, sexual orientation, abortion, birth control and condom use for STD prevention. A substantial proportion of teachers recommend that these topics be taught at grade six or earlier. More than half (57%) of fifth- and sixth-grade sexuality education teachers cover the topic of abstinence from intercourse--17% as the only option for protection against pregnancy and STDs and 40% as the best alternative or one option for such protection. Forty-six percent of teachers report that one of their top three problems in teaching sexuality education is pressure, whether from the community, parents or school administrators. More than 40% of teachers report a need for some type of assistance with materials, factual information or teaching strategies. A large proportion of schools are doing little to prepare students in grades five and six for puberty, much less for dealing with pressures and decisions regarding sexual activity Sexuality education teachers often feel unsupported by the community, parents or school administrators.

Transcript of proceedings: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1972 GSFC Battery Workshop, first day

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The proceedings of the 1972 NASA/Goddard Battery Workshop are reported. Topics discussed include: separators, materials and processing, test and storage experience, and improved energy density systems.

Issues in the Management of Distance Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murgatroyd, Stephen; Woudstra, Andrew

1989-01-01

Examines key issues facing administrators at Athabasca University and discusses their implications for distance education organizations. Topics discussed include strategic planning; accountability and cost effectiveness; consortia and cooperation; instructional design; managing technological innovation; marketing; quality assurance; and…

The Earthscan Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aviation/Space, 1982

1982-01-01

Spurred by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) technological advances, a budding industry is manufacturing equipment and providing services toward better management of earth's resources. Topics discussed include image processing, multispectral photography, ground use sensor, and weather data receiver. (Author/JN)

Inert Reassessment Document for Copper Naphthenate - CAS No. 1338-02-9

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Copper naphthenate is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an indirect food additive, and for use in veterinary topical applications to the surface of horse and pony hooves that have Thrush.

Human Factors in Railroad Operations : Initial Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-01-01

This report summarizes the progress of a year's work in providing support in human factors to the Federal Railroad Administration. The principal topics include: (a) a description of the locomotive engineer's job, particularly with regard to its inher...

21 CFR 878.4011 - Tissue adhesive with adjunct wound closure device for topical approximation of skin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY... approximated skin edges of wounds from surgical incisions, including punctures from minimally invasive surgery...

21 CFR 878.4011 - Tissue adhesive with adjunct wound closure device for topical approximation of skin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY... approximated skin edges of wounds from surgical incisions, including punctures from minimally invasive surgery...

21 CFR 878.4011 - Tissue adhesive with adjunct wound closure device for topical approximation of skin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY... approximated skin edges of wounds from surgical incisions, including punctures from minimally invasive surgery...

FDA Approval for Imiquimod

Cancer.gov

On July 15, 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the approval of a new indication for Aldara® (imiquimod) topical cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC), a type of skin cancer.

The effect of deacetylated gellan gum on aesculin distribution in the posterior segment of the eye after topical administration.

PubMed

Chen, Qiuhong; Zheng, Yu; Li, Ye; Zeng, Ying; Kuang, Jianchao; Hou, Shixiang; Li, Xiaohui

2012-05-01

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of deacetylated gellan gum on delivering hydrophilic drug to the posterior segment of the eye. An aesculin-containing in situ gel based on deacetylated gellan gum (AG) was prepared and characterized. In vitro corneal permeation across isolated rabbit cornea of aesculin between AG and aesculin solution (AS) was compared. The results showed that deacetylated gellan gum promotes corneal penetration of aesculin. Pharmacokinetics and ocular tissue distribution of aesculin after topical administration in rabbit eye showed that AG greatly improved aesculin accumulation in posterior segmentsrelative to AS, which was probably attributed to conjunctivital/sclera pathway. The area-under-the-curve (AUC) for AG in aqueous humor, choroid-retina, sclera and iris-ciliary body were significantly larger than those of AS. AG can be used as a potential carrier for broading the application of aesculin.

Toxicity in three dogs from accidental oral administration of a topical endectocide containing moxidectin and imidacloprid.

PubMed

See, A M; McGill, S E; Raisis, A L; Swindells, K L

2009-08-01

Three dogs were presented with a history of oral administration of a topical endectocide containing imidacloprid and moxidectin. They were diagnosed with imidacloprid and moxidectin intoxication, having ingested doses ranging from 7.5 to 1.4 mg/kg of imidacloprid and 1.9 to 2.8 mg/kg of moxidectin. The three dogs were affected to different degrees of severity, but all displayed signs of ataxia, generalised muscle tremors, paresis, hypersalivation and disorientation. Temporary blindness occurred in two cases. The three dogs were tested for the presence of the multi-drug resistance 1 gene deletion, which can cause an increased sensitivity to the toxic effects of moxidectin, and were found to be negative. Treatment included gastrointestinal decontamination, intravenous fluid therapy and benzodiazepines to control muscle tremors. All three dogs made a complete recovery within 48 h of ingestion.

Regional blood flow volume in the eustachian tube.

PubMed

Minami, T; Kubo, N; Tomoda, K; Yamashita, T; Kumazawa, T

1993-01-01

Measurements of regional blood flow around the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube were carried out after topical administration of various inflammatory mediators in 14 mongrel dogs by the hydrogen clearance method. Histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) resulted in a significant alteration of blood flow volume. Histamine was found to induce a dose-response related increase, whereas blood flow volume tended to decrease in each concentration range in the series of PAF administration. There was no significant difference in blood flow between topical application of leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4. It is likely that in upper respiratory tract inflammation, such as in otitis media and in nasal allergy, activated histamine and PAF affect the microcirculation of the tubal orifice. These results suggest that disturbance of the microcirculatory system in the Eustachian tube mucosa could be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion.

An update on local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients

PubMed Central

Peedikayil, Faizal C.; Vijayan, Ajoy

2013-01-01

Pain control is an important part of dentistry, particularly in the management of children. Behavior guidance, and dose and technique of administration of the local anesthetic are important considerations in the successful treatment of a pediatric patient. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the relevant data on topics involved, and on the current methods available in the administration of local anesthesia used for pediatric dental patients. PMID:25885712

Dendritic Core-Multishell Nanocarriers in Murine Models of Healthy and Atopic Skin.

PubMed

Radbruch, Moritz; Pischon, Hannah; Ostrowski, Anja; Volz, Pierre; Brodwolf, Robert; Neumann, Falko; Unbehauen, Michael; Kleuser, Burkhard; Haag, Rainer; Ma, Nan; Alexiev, Ulrike; Mundhenk, Lars; Gruber, Achim D

2017-12-01

Dendritic hPG-amid-C18-mPEG core-multishell nanocarriers (CMS) represent a novel class of unimolecular micelles that hold great potential as drug transporters, e.g., to facilitate topical therapy in skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis is among the most common inflammatory skin disorders with complex barrier alterations which may affect the efficacy of topical treatment.Here, we tested the penetration behavior and identified target structures of unloaded CMS after topical administration in healthy mice and in mice with oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. We further examined whole body distribution and possible systemic side effects after simulating high dosage dermal penetration by subcutaneous injection.Following topical administration, CMS accumulated in the stratum corneum without penetration into deeper viable epidermal layers. The same was observed in atopic dermatitis mice, indicating that barrier alterations in atopic dermatitis had no influence on the penetration of CMS. Following subcutaneous injection, CMS were deposited in the regional lymph nodes as well as in liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. However, in vitro toxicity tests, clinical data, and morphometry-assisted histopathological analyses yielded no evidence of any toxic or otherwise adverse local or systemic effects of CMS, nor did they affect the severity or course of atopic dermatitis.Taken together, CMS accumulate in the stratum corneum in both healthy and inflammatory skin and appear to be highly biocompatible in the mouse even under conditions of atopic dermatitis and thus could potentially serve to create a depot for anti-inflammatory drugs in the skin.

Curcumin and its topical formulations for wound healing applications.

PubMed

Mohanty, Chandana; Sahoo, Sanjeeb K

2017-10-01

Oxidative damage and inflammation have been identified, through clinical and preclinical studies, as the main causes of nonhealing chronic wounds. Reduction of persistent chronic inflammation by application of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents such as curcumin has been well studied. However, low aqueous solubility, poor tissue absorption, rapid metabolism and short plasma half-life have made curcumin unsuitable for systemic administration for better wound healing. Recently, various topical formulations of curcumin such as films, fibers, emulsion, hydrogels and different nanoformulations have been developed for targeted delivery of curcumin at wounded sites. In this review, we summarize and discuss different topical formulations of curcumin with emphasis on their wound-healing properties in animal models. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Topical Imiquimod in the Treatment of Conjunctival Actinic Keratosis.

PubMed

Rowlands, Megan A; Giacometti, Joseph N; Servat, Javier; Materin, Miguel A; Levin, Flora

Conjunctival actinic keratosis is rare and difficult to treat, as recurrences are common. Imiquimod, an immune response modulator, is currently Food and Drug Administration-approved for cutaneous actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinomas. Emerging reports have shown it to be effective in treating some periocular and conjunctival lesions. The authors present a case of a 68-year-old white man with recurrent actinic keratosis involving the pretarsal conjunctiva, which was successfully treated with 5% topical imiquimod following previous failure with cryotherapy and interferon α-2b. The patient had ocular irritation that resolved on cessation of treatment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of conjunctival actinic keratosis being treated with and successfully eradicated by topical imiquimod.

Effects of topical and systemic administration of Eugenia caryophyllata buds essential oil on corneal anesthesia and analgesia

PubMed Central

Khalilzadeh, Emad; Hazrati, Reza; Saiah, Gholamreza Vafaei

2016-01-01

Clinical studies suggest that essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove) buds (EOEC) is efficacious in the treatment of dental pain. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic and local anesthetic effects of EOEC and its possible mechanisms of action in acute corneal pain in rats. EOEC was extracted by hydro-distillation in a Clevenger type apparatus from clove buds. The acute corneal pain was induced by applying a drop (40 µl) of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface, and the numbers of eye wipes were counted during the first 30 s. The mechanical sensation of the cornea was evaluated by calibrated Von Frey filaments. Systemic administration of EOEC (100 and 200 mg/kg, SC) and morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, IP) produced a significant antinociceptive effect in acute corneal pain. Pretreatment with naloxone or atropine prevented the EOEC-induced analgesia. However, L-arginine and methylene blue did not change the suppressive effect of EOEC on corneal pain response. Topical application of EOEC, eugenol and lidocaine significantly decreased corneal sensitivity. Combination treatments of eugenol (25 µg) with lidocaine (0.5%) and EOEC (50 µg) with lidocaine (0.5%) also significantly suppressed corneal sensitivity. Systemic administration of EOEC produced analgesia in the acute corneal pain through mechanisms that involved both opioidergic and cholinergic systems. In addition, topical instillation of EOEC, eugenol, and lidocaine produced local anesthesia in the rat cornea. Sub-anesthetic doses of EOEC or eugenol produced a significant local anesthetic effect when concurrently used with the sub-anesthetic dose of lidocaine. PMID:27651809

Lipoxins and novel 15-epi-lipoxin analogs display potent anti-inflammatory actions after oral administration.

PubMed

Bannenberg, Gerard; Moussignac, Rose-Laure; Gronert, Karsten; Devchand, Pallavi R; Schmidt, Birgitta A; Guilford, William J; Bauman, John G; Subramanyam, Babu; Perez, H Daniel; Parkinson, John F; Serhan, Charles N

2004-09-01

1. Lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins (ATL) exert potent anti-inflammatory actions. In the present study, we determined the anti-inflammatory efficacy of endogenous LXA(4) and LXB(4), the stable ATL analog ATLa2, and a series of novel 3-oxa-ATL analogs (ZK-996, ZK-990, ZK-994, and ZK-142) after intravenous, oral, and topical administration in mice. 2. LXA(4), LXB(4), ATLa2, and ZK-994 were orally active, exhibiting potent systemic inhibition of zymosan A-induced peritonitis at very low doses (50 ng kg(-1)-50 microg kg(-1)). 3. Intravenous ZK-994 and ZK-142 (500 microg kg(-1)) potently attenuated hind limb ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury, with 32+/-12 and 53+/-5% inhibition (P<0.05), respectively, of neutrophil accumulation in lungs. The same dose of ATLa2 had no significant protective action. 4. Topical application of ATLa2, ZK-994, and ZK-142 ( approximately 20 microg cm(-2)) prevented vascular leakage and neutrophil infiltration in LTB(4)/PGE(2)-stimulated ear skin inflammation. While ATLa2 and ZK-142 displayed approximately equal anti-inflammatory efficacy in this model, ZK-994 displayed a slower onset of action. 5. In summary, native LXA(4) and LXB(4), and analogs ATLa2, ZK-142, and ZK-994 retain broad anti-inflammatory effects after intravenous, oral, and topical administration. The 3-oxa-ATL analogs, which have enhanced metabolic and chemical stability and a superior pharmacokinetic profile, provide new opportunities to explore the actions and therapeutic potential for LX and ATL.

A mouse dry eye model induced by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride.

PubMed

Lin, Zhirong; Liu, Xiaochen; Zhou, Tong; Wang, Yihui; Bai, Li; He, Hui; Liu, Zuguo

2011-01-25

To develop a dry eye model of mouse induced by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and investigate the possible mechanisms. BAC at concentration of 0.2% was applied to the mouse ocular surface for 7 days. Phenol red thread tear test, tear break-up time (BUT) test, corneal inflammatory index scoring, fluorescein and rose bengal test were performed to evaluate the toxic effects of BAC on the ocular surface. Global specimens were collected on day (D) 7 and labeled with a series of antibodies including cytokeratin 10 (K10) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Apoptosis of ocular surface epithelium was evaluated by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Histologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on D7. BAC at a concentration of 0.2% successfully induced a dry eye condition with decreased tear volume and BUTs, increased corneal fluorescein and rose bengal scores. The Inflammatory index was increased in accompaniment with higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and more inflammatory infiltration in the cornea. Immunolabeling revealed positive K10 expression in BAC-treated corneal epithelium and fewer MUC5AC-positive cells in the BAC-treated conjunctival fornix. TUNEL assay showed more apoptotic cells in the corneal basal epithelium. TEM showed that the size and intervals of the microvillis were both reduced in the corneal epithelium. Topical administration of 0.2% BAC in mouse induces changes resembling that of dry eye syndrome in humans, and thus, represents a novel model of dry eye.

A mouse dry eye model induced by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride

PubMed Central

Lin, Zhirong; Liu, Xiaochen; Zhou, Tong; Wang, Yihui; Bai, Li; He, Hui

2011-01-01

Purpose To develop a dry eye model of mouse induced by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods BAC at concentration of 0.2% was applied to the mouse ocular surface for 7 days. Phenol red thread tear test, tear break-up time (BUT) test, corneal inflammatory index scoring, fluorescein and rose bengal test were performed to evaluate the toxic effects of BAC on the ocular surface. Global specimens were collected on day (D) 7 and labeled with a series of antibodies including cytokeratin 10 (K10) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Apoptosis of ocular surface epithelium was evaluated by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Histologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on D7. Results BAC at a concentration of 0.2% successfully induced a dry eye condition with decreased tear volume and BUTs, increased corneal fluorescein and rose bengal scores. The Inflammatory index was increased in accompanyment with higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and more inflammatory infiltration in the cornea. Immunolabeling revealed positive K10 expression in BAC-treated corneal epithelium and fewer MUC5AC-positive cells in the BAC-treated conjunctival fornix. TUNEL assay showed more apoptotic cells in the corneal basal epithelium. TEM showed that the size and intervals of the microvillis were both reduced in the corneal epithelium. Conclusions Topical administration of 0.2% BAC in mouse induces changes resembling that of dry eye syndrome in humans, and thus, represents a novel model of dry eye. PMID:21283525

Topical CpG enhances the response of murine malignant melanoma to dacarbazine.

PubMed

Najar, Hossain M; Dutz, Jan P

2008-09-01

Malignant melanoma is a potentially fatal skin cancer that is increasing in incidence. Standard chemoimmunotherapy consisting of dacarbazine (DTIC) given with IFN-alpha has had disappointing results. We describe a chemoimmunotherapy protocol for cutaneous melanoma that combines the administration of DTIC with the topical application of CpG oligodinucleotide (ODN). Subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of DTIC followed by the topical application of CpG-ODN over the tumors. This therapeutic approach abrogated the growth of established tumors and significantly enhanced survival. Topical CpG application was more effective than intratumoral CpG. Cell depletion studies indicated that the antitumor effect was dependent on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells but not on natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was generated in treated animals and was highest in topically treated animals. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that DTIC, but not CpG, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis. Further, topical CpG induced an expansion of a B220(+)CD8(+) subset of dendritic cells and a subset of NK1.1(+) CD11c(+) cells within the tumors. By enhancing both tumor cell death and local immune activation, DTIC/topical CpG chemoimmunotherapy induced an effective T-cell-dependent host-immune response against melanoma.

Prospective pilot study on combined use of pulsed dye laser and 1% topical rapamycin for treatment of nonfacial cutaneous capillary malformation.

PubMed

Doh, Eun Jin; Ohn, Jungyoon; Kim, Min Ji; Kim, Young Gull; Cho, Soyun

2017-11-01

The regeneration or revascularization of blood vessels after pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment is one of the causes of treatment failures of cutaneous capillary malformations (CM). Recently, topical administration of rapamycin was introduced as a possible adjunctive therapeutic option to minimize postlaser revascularization in facial CM. We evaluated the effect of combined use of 1% topical rapamycin with PDL compared to PDL alone in cutaneous CM of trunk or extremities and tried to identify the optimal duration of topical rapamycin application. Three adjacent areas of cutaneous CM that had never been treated before were selected in each patient and underwent the following regimens: (A) PDL + vehicle for 8 weeks post-PDL; (B) PDL + topical rapamycin for 1-week post-PDL and (C) PDL + topical rapamycin for 8 weeks post-PDL. Each test site was treated by PDL for two sessions with 8 weeks interval. Only one of six patients showed clinical improvement with combined rapamycin treatment. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in erythema and blanching rate among PDL alone and combined rapamycin regimens. One percent topical rapamycin does not seem to be effective as a treatment modality for cutaneous CM of trunk or extremities.

The use of compound topical anesthetics: a review.

PubMed

Kravitz, Neal D

2007-10-01

The author reviewed the history of, federal regulations regarding, risks of and adverse drug reactions of five compound topical anesthetics: tetracaine, adrenaline/epinephrine and cocaine (TAC); lidocaine, adrenaline/epinephrine and tetracaine (LET); lidocaine, tetracaine and phenylephrine (TAC 20 percent Alternate); lidocaine, prilocaine and tetracaine (Profound); and lidocaine, prilocaine, tetracaine and phenylephrine with thickeners (Profound PET). The author reviewed clinical trials, case reports, descriptive articles, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and recent public advisory warnings regarding the federal approval of and risks associated with the use of compound topical anesthetics. Compound topical anesthetics are neither FDA-regulated nor -unregulated. Some compounding pharmacies bypass the new FDA drug approval process, which is based on reliable scientific data and ensures that a marketed drug is safe, effective, properly manufactured and accurately labeled. Two deaths have been attributed to the lay use of compound topical anesthetics. In response, the FDA has announced the strengthening of its efforts against unapproved drug products. Compound topical anesthetics may be an effective alternative to local infiltration for some minimally invasive dental procedures; however, legitimate concerns exist in regard to their safety. Until they become federally regulated, compound topical anesthetics remain unapproved drug products whose benefits may not outweigh their risks for dental patients.

Pharmacokinetics of a Novel, Transdermal Fentanyl Solution in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

PubMed Central

Salyards, Gregory W; Lemoy, Marie-Josee; Knych, Heather K; Hill, Ashley E; Christe, Kari L

2017-01-01

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most commonly used NHP biomedical model and experience both research and clinical procedures requiring analgesia. Opioids are a mainstay of analgesic therapy. A novel, transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS) has been developed as a long-acting, single-administration topical opioid and was reported to provide at least 4 d of effective plasma concentrations in beagles (Canis familiaris). To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of TFS in healthy adult rhesus macaques, we used a 2-period, 2-treatment crossover study of a single topical administration of 1.3 (25) and 2.6 mg/kg (50 μL/kg) TFS. TFS was applied to the clipped dorsal skin of adult rhesus macaques (n = 6; 3 male, 3 female) under ketamine sedation (10 mg/kg IM). We hypothesized that TFS in rhesus macaques would provide at least 4 d of effective plasma concentrations (assumed to be ≥ 0.2 ng/mL, based on human studies). Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry before drug administration and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 240, 336, 408, and 504 h afterward. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. For each dose (1.3 and 2.6 mg/kg), respectively, the maximal plasma concentration was 1.95 ± 0.40 and 4.19 ± 0.69 ng/mL, occurring at 21.3 ± 4.1 and 30.7 ± 8.7 h; the AUC was 227.3 ± 31.7 and 447.0 ± 49.1 h/ng/mL, and the terminal elimination half-life was 93.7 ± 7.1 and 98.8 ± 5.4 h. No adverse effects were noted after drug administration at either dose. Macaques maintained plasma fentanyl concentrations of 0.2 ng/mL or greater for at least 7 d after 1.3 mg/kg and at least 10 d after 2.6 mg/kg topical administration of TFS. A single TFS dose may provide efficacious analgesia to rhesus macaques and reduce stress, discomfort, and risk to animals and personnel. PMID:28724494

Satisfaction level with topical versus peribulbar anesthesia experienced by same patient for phacoemulsification.

PubMed

Ahmad, Nauman; Zahoor, Abdul; Motowa, Saeed A; Jastaneiah, Saba; Riad, Waleed

2012-01-01

Various studies have assessed patient satisfaction with topical versus peribulbar anesthesia with conflicting results. Aim of study was to determine satisfaction level in same patient who gets topical anesthesia in one eye and peribulbar block in another eye. We propose that evaluation of various indicators of patient satisfaction will enable better selection of cases for topical anesthesia in the future. Eighty patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were enrolled in prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Each patient scheduled twice for one eye under topical anesthesia and other in peribulbar block. Pain, discomfort and pressure during application of local anesthetic, during phacoemulsification and at 2 hours after procedure were assessed on standard scales. Before discharge patient satisfaction level was checked with Iowa satisfaction with anesthesia scale (ISAS). The Student's t-test was used to determine the significance of IOWA score in both groups. P<0.05 was considered significant. Feeling of pain, pressure and discomfort scores during administration of topical anesthesia were all significantly lower compared to peribulbar anesthesia (P=0.004, 0.000, 0.002, respectively). In contrast, intraoperative scores were significantly higher in the topical anesthesia group compared to peribulbar anesthesia (P=0.022, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). Patient satisfaction measured with ISAS shows that peribulbar anesthesia with P=0.000 is strongly significant. Peribulbar anesthesia provided significantly better patient satisfaction in comparison with topical anesthesia when used for cataract surgery.

Trends in biomedical informatics: automated topic analysis of JAMIA articles.

PubMed

Han, Dong; Wang, Shuang; Jiang, Chao; Jiang, Xiaoqian; Kim, Hyeon-Eui; Sun, Jimeng; Ohno-Machado, Lucila

2015-11-01

Biomedical Informatics is a growing interdisciplinary field in which research topics and citation trends have been evolving rapidly in recent years. To analyze these data in a fast, reproducible manner, automation of certain processes is needed. JAMIA is a "generalist" journal for biomedical informatics. Its articles reflect the wide range of topics in informatics. In this study, we retrieved Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and citations of JAMIA articles published between 2009 and 2014. We use tensors (i.e., multidimensional arrays) to represent the interaction among topics, time and citations, and applied tensor decomposition to automate the analysis. The trends represented by tensors were then carefully interpreted and the results were compared with previous findings based on manual topic analysis. A list of most cited JAMIA articles, their topics, and publication trends over recent years is presented. The analyses confirmed previous studies and showed that, from 2012 to 2014, the number of articles related to MeSH terms Methods, Organization & Administration, and Algorithms increased significantly both in number of publications and citations. Citation trends varied widely by topic, with Natural Language Processing having a large number of citations in particular years, and Medical Record Systems, Computerized remaining a very popular topic in all years. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

21 CFR 524.2098 - Selamectin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... of selamectin, topically, per pound (6 milligrams per kilogram) of body weight. (2) Indications for... prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused...

21 CFR 524.2098 - Selamectin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... of selamectin, topically, per pound (6 milligrams per kilogram) of body weight. (2) Indications for... prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused...

21 CFR 524.2098 - Selamectin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... of selamectin, topically, per pound (6 milligrams per kilogram) of body weight. (2) Indications for... prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused...

21 CFR 524.2098 - Selamectin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... of selamectin, topically, per pound (6 milligrams per kilogram) of body weight. (2) Indications for... prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused...

Dividends from Technology Applied.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aviation/Space, 1982

1982-01-01

National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Applications Program employs aerospace science/technology to provide direct public benefit. Topics related to this program discussed include: Landsat, earth crustal study (plate tectonics), search and rescue systems, radiation measurement, upper atmosphere research, space materials processing,…

78 FR 54238 - President's Export Council; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration President's Export Council; Meeting... meeting. SUMMARY: The President's Export Council will hold a meeting to deliberate on recommendations related to promoting the expansion of U.S. exports. Topics may include trade promotion authority...

Theme: Balancing Your Professional and Personal Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowen, Blannie E.; And Others

1987-01-01

Consists of six articles dealing with the need to have both a personal and a professional life and ways to do so. Topics include burnout, overcoming workaholism, ways to balance roles, the administrator's view, and the two-career family. (CH)

Research. [SITE 2001 Section].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAlister, Kim, Ed.; Curtis, Reagan, Ed.

This document contains the papers on research from the SITE (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education) 2001 conference. Topics covered include: concerns of administrators and teachers in the diffusion of information technology; preservice elementary mathematics teachers' computer self efficacy, attitudes, and perceptions;…

76 FR 46303 - Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Investigational New Drug...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

... in an IND. In addition, organizational and editorial revisions were made to improve clarity. The...). The guidance represents FDA's current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights...

Seeking the Essential Superintendent.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Willis D.

1994-01-01

Although typical school administration program deserves criticism, it would be impossible for a university-based preparation program to cover all topics identified in AASA's "Professional Standards for Superintendents." Universities understandably stress theory and cannot substitute for rich professional development program in school…

The Community Junior College: An Annotated Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rarig, Emory W., Jr., Ed.

This annotated bibliography on the junior college is arranged by topic: research tools, history, functions and purposes, organization and administration, students, programs, personnel, facilities, and research. It covers publications through the fall of 1965 and has an author index. (HH)

Skin permeation and antioxidant efficacy of topically applied resveratrol.

PubMed

Alonso, Cristina; Martí, M; Barba, C; Carrer, V; Rubio, L; Coderch, L

2017-08-01

The permeation of resveratrol was assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments 24 h after topical administration. The in vitro profile of resveratrol was assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Human skin permeation was analysed in vivo by the tape stripping method with the progressive removal of the stratum corneum layers using adhesive tape strips. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activity of resveratrol after its topical application was determined using the DPPH assay. The Raman spectra indicated that the topically applied resveratrol penetrates deep into the skin. The results showed high amounts of resveratrol in the different stratum corneum layers close to the surface and a constant lower amount in the upper layers of the viable epidermis. The concentration of resveratrol present in the outermost stratum corneum layers was obtained by tape stripping after in vivo application. The results demonstrated that resveratrol mainly remained in the human stratum corneum layers. After topical application, resveratrol maintained its antiradical activity. The antioxidant efficacy of the compound was higher in the inner layers of the stratum corneum. As these results have demonstrated, topically applied resveratrol reinforces the antioxidant system of the stratum corneum and provides an efficient means of increasing the tissue levels of antioxidants in the human epidermis.

Ocular penetration of topical antibiotics: study on the penetration of chloramphenicol, tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration.

PubMed

Cagini, Carlo; Piccinelli, Francesco; Lupidi, Marco; Messina, Marco; Cerquaglia, Alessio; Cerqualglia, Alessio; Manes, Silvia; Fiore, Tito; Pellegrino, Roberto M

2013-01-01

To compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. Randomized prospective study, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Italy Patients undergoing cataract surgery. One hundred twenty-two patients were included: 14 received one drop of chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45-190 min after the eye drops were instilled. Intraocular penetration of chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn. After a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Tobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This means that chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs. © 2013 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology © 2013 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.

The database management system: A topic and a tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plummer, O. R.

1984-01-01

Data structures and data base management systems are common tools employed to deal with the administrative information of a university. An understanding of these topics is needed by a much wider audience, ranging from those interested in computer aided design and manufacturing to those using microcomputers. These tools are becoming increasingly valuable to academic programs as they develop comprehensive computer support systems. The wide use of these tools relies upon the relational data model as a foundation. Experience with the use of the IPAD RIM5.0 program is described.

U.S. Space Program Benefits to Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Space of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology.

This hearing was held to review the educational benefits of the U.S. Space Program. Testimony was given by three panels of experts related to this topic. The three panels consisted of: (1) Daniel S. Goldin, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Dan Brandenstein, Captain, U.S. Navy, NASA Astronaut; and Damon Butler,…

Topical treatment of glaucoma: established and emerging pharmacology.

PubMed

Dikopf, Mark S; Vajaranant, Thasarat S; Edward, Deepak P

2017-06-01

Glaucoma is a collection of optic neuropathies consisting of retinal ganglion cell death and corresponding visual field loss. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide and is forecasted to precipitously increase in prevalence in the coming decades. Current treatment options aim to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) via topical or oral therapy, laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork or ciliary body, and incisional surgery. Despite increasing use of trabecular laser therapy, topical therapy remains first-line in the treatment of most forms of glaucoma. Areas covered: Novel glaucoma therapies are a long-standing focus of investigational study. More than two decades have passed since the last United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a topical glaucoma drug. Here, the authors review established topical glaucoma drops as well as those currently in FDA phase 2 and 3 clinical trial, nearing clinical use. Expert opinion: Current investigational glaucoma drugs lower IOP, mainly through enhanced trabecular meshwork outflow. Although few emerging therapies show evidence of retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve neuroprotection in animal models, emerging drugs are focused on lowering IOP, similar to established medicines.

Central chorioretinopathy associated with topical use of minoxidil 2% for treatment of baldness.

PubMed

Scarinci, Fabio; Mezzana, Paolo; Pasquini, Paola; Colletti, Michelle; Cacciamani, Andrea

2012-06-01

Minoxidil is one of the drugs approved for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. This article presents a case of central serous chorioretinopathy after application of topical minoxidil solution. We examined a 37-year-old man who complained of a positive relative scotoma, metamorphopsia and impaired dark adaptation involving the right eye. The patient reported an 8 month history of daily topical use but denied previous treatment with other drugs. Dilated fundus examination of right eye revealed central swelling located over the macula. Optical coherence tomography showed the presence of subretinal fluid. Fluorescein angiography disclosed one focal hyperfluorescent spot in the foveal area with minimal pigmentary changes limitated to that area. The patient was diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) potentially related to an 8 month topical minoxidil solution administration. One month after the drug was discontinued, normal findings were found upon reexamination. The patient reported no previous episode of CSC. Major systemic side effects from topical solution of minoxidil are rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a central serous chorioretinopathy associated with long-term use of this drug.

Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in the chicken inner ear.

PubMed

Bunting, Eric C; Park, Debra L; Durham, Dianne; Girod, Douglas A

2004-06-01

Avians have the unique ability to regenerate cochlear hair cells that are lost due to ototoxins or excessive noise. Many methodological techniques are available to damage the hair cells for subsequent scientific study. A recent method utilizes topical application of an ototoxic drug to the round window membrane. The current study examines the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the inner ear of chickens following topical application to the round window membrane or a single systemic high dose given intraperitoneally. Chickens were given gentamicin topically or systemically and survived for 1, 4, 12, 24, or 120 h (controls at 4 and 120 h). Serum and perilymph samples were obtained prior to sacrifice and measured for gentamicin levels. Results revealed higher levels of gentamicin in the perilymph of topically treated chickens than systemically treated chickens, with significant amounts of gentamicin still present in both at the latest survival time of 5 days. As expected, systemically treated chickens had much higher levels of gentamicin in the serum than topically treated chickens. Advantages and disadvantages to each method of drug administration are discussed.

International Learning Institutions: Organization, Visions, and Missions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Hook, Steven R.

2011-01-01

This doctoral research examines the challenges, objectives, goals, strategies, and tactics facing leaders, administrators, faculty, students, and other stakeholders with an interest in international higher education. These broad topics necessarily encompass many factors including the market forces of globalization, increasing competition,…

Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes

MedlinePlus

... and Healthy Homes Office of Administration Office of Economic Development Office of Hearings and Appeals Office of ... Utilization Topic Areas Avoiding Foreclosure Buying a Home Economic Development Energy Environment Fair Lending Freedom of Information ...

On the Wings of a Dream: The Space Shuttle.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. National Air And Space Museum.

This booklet describes the development, training, and flight of the space shuttle. Topics are: (1) "National Aeronautics and Space Administration"; (2) "The Space Transportation System"; (3) "The 'Enterprise'"; (4) "The Shuttle Orbiter"; (5) "Solid Rocket Boosters"; (6) "The External…

77 FR 68153 - Advisory Committee on Presidential Library-Foundation Partnerships

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Advisory Committee on Presidential Library-Foundation... Library-Foundation Partnerships. The meeting will be held to discuss the Presidential Library program and topics related to the public-private partnership between the Presidential Libraries and their...

A Synopsis of Acquisition Related Topics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

ALLOCAriON OF G & A TO CCST OBJECTIVES 65 1. Discussion . .. . . . . . . .. . . 65 2. General and Administr4tive Expense Difinition ... quantitative terms. Ths validity of standards used must bs assessed for each procur=ment office independently, because they will vary wit: materials, markets

An Integrated Approach to Student Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Rob

2001-01-01

Describes the comprehensive, coordinated approach to student support services at the University of Wisconsin Learning Innovations, an electronic learning consultation utility that develops online programs for distance learning. Topics include the Learner Relationship Management System, advising opportunities, help desk, administrative Web site,…

Applied Ecology Seminar. Training Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Water Program Operations (EPA), Cincinnati, OH. National Training and Operational Technology Center.

Presented is material on planning, administering, collecting, evaluating, interpreting, and reporting biological data related to water quality studies in both fresh and marine waters. Topics include aquatic ecology, water pollution, taxonomy, bacteriology, bioassays, water quality enhancement, and administration of water quality standards. Each of…

21 CFR 524.1465 - Mupirocin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1465 Mupirocin. (a... bacterial infections of the skin, including superficial pyoderma, caused by susceptible strains of...

21 CFR 524.1465 - Mupirocin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1465 Mupirocin. (a... bacterial infections of the skin, including superficial pyoderma, caused by susceptible strains of...

21 CFR 524.1465 - Mupirocin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1465 Mupirocin. (a... bacterial infections of the skin, including superficial pyoderma, caused by susceptible strains of...

21 CFR 524.520 - Cuprimyxin cream.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.520 Cuprimyxin..., dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.) and yeast (Candida albicans) affecting skin, hair, and...

21 CFR 524.1465 - Mupirocin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1465 Mupirocin. (a... bacterial infections of the skin, including superficial pyoderma, caused by susceptible strains of...

Administration: Cost Control, Hiring Practices, Cooperation, Disaster Planning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools and Colleges, 1974

1974-01-01

Notes on various topics, such as how the Virginia Higher Education system can cut costs; the University of South Carolina's personnel recruitment system; a cooperative program between a college and a hospital; and preparations for tornadoes at an Indiana college. (JF)

Urothelial conversion of 5-aminolevulinic acid to protoporphyrin IX following oral or intravesical administration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Ronald B.; Miller, Gerald G.; Brown, Kevin; Bhatnagar, Rakesh; Tulip, John; McPhee, Malcolm S.

1995-03-01

Preferential conversion of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to protoporphyrin-IX (Pp-IX) occurs in malignant tissue, with accumulation to diagnostic and therapeutic levels. Recent studies have suggested selective conversion in epithelial tissue following oral or intravenous administration. Topical application avoids systemic photosensitization. However, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer lining the urinary bladder is believed to be a protective barrier generally limiting mucosal absorption. Our objective was to evaluate uptake and conversion of 5-ALA following intravesical or oral administration. Using a rat model, Pp-IX content within epithelial and muscularis layers was quantitated by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Following intravesical administration, Pp-IX accumulated predominantly in the urothelium; whereas following oral administration, Pp-IX accumulated in both the urothelium and muscularis. Intravesical 5-ALA administration is feasible and may afford selective photosensitization of the urothelium for treatment of carcinoma in situ.

Chemopreventive effects of the juice of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat on two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis.

PubMed

Arimoto-Kobayashi, Sakae; Zhang, Xiaomeng; Yuhara, Yuta; Kamiya, Tomonori; Negishi, Tomoe; Okamoto, Goro

2013-01-01

Our study revealed the inhibitory effect of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat, known as Yamabudo in Japan, at the stages of multi-step carcinogenesis. The juice of Vitis coignetiae (Y-grape juice) was antimutagenic toward dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA), aflatoxin B1, and benzo[a]pyrene in the Ames test. The Y-grape juice was also antigenotoxic in the micronucleus test using HepG2 cells toward DMBA and aflatoxin B1. Topical and oral administration of the Y-grape juice to mice inhibited the induction of inflammation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Topical and oral administration of the Y-grape juice significantly decreased the incidence and mean number of tumors in mice skin with the 2-stage tumorigenesis protocol. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory and antitumor promotion activity of the Y-grape juice, the effect of Y-grape juice on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in mouse ear treated with TPA was studied. Both topical and oral application of the Y-grape juice inhibited the TPA-induced increase in COX-2 activity. Caftaric acid, isolated and identified from the Y-grape juice, was antimutagenic toward DMBA and prevented TPA-induced inflammation in mice, suggesting caftaric acid participates in chemopreventive effect/activities of Y-grape juice.

EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON CUTICULAR PROTEINS OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) VIS-A-VIS THE MODES OF APPLICATION.

PubMed

Yooboon, T; Pluempanupat, W; Koul, Opender; Bullangpoti, V

2015-01-01

Azadirachtin is a known botanical insecticide with multiple modes of action. Whether these effects have any relation with the modes of application, specifically during ecdysis process, has been the objective of the present study and accordingly the impairment, if any, among cuticular proteins of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) was determined. Azadirachtin was applied topically, via injection or oral administration. Azadirachtin administered via injection and topical applications severely impaired the ecdysis by 86.67 and 80.0%, respectively. However, this impairment via oral administration was significantly lower (73.33%). Using SDS-PAGE, the cuticular proteins were determined for treated insects under all the three modes of application. In all cases 6 protein bands (MW 9-34 kDa) were identified using markers as standard. In all treatments 3 induced proteins (MW. ~16, 20 and 23 kDa) and 1 reduced protein (~19 kDa) were observed. In case of the topical treatment a different induced protein of ~18 kDa was identified. The change in cuticular proteins, their possible role in ecdysis impairment vis-a-vis the mode of application of azadirachtin is being correlated. This will help in understanding the mode-of-action at cuticular level and also will allow developing a suitable application strategy under field conditions in insect pest management.

AN EVALUATION OF HOW GLAUCOMA PATIENTS USE TOPICAL MEDICATIONS: A PILOT STUDY

PubMed Central

Tsai, Tony; Robin, Alan L.; Smith, Judson P.

2007-01-01

Purpose Multiple factors can influence patients’ adherence to topical ophthalmic intraocular pressure–lowering medications. An important factor that is often overlooked is the method of eye drop administration, including the handling, storing, and actual administering of eye drops. These aspects of patients’ eye drop administration, which may be strongly related to the success of prescribed therapies, are evaluated. Methods A 2-page questionnaire was distributed to 253 sequential glaucoma patients at the time of their regular clinical visit with one of two geographically distinct glaucoma specialists. In addition to providing demographic data, the patients were asked to complete a 2-page questionnaire about their current use of eye drops. Results The study participants had a mean age of 71.5 years (SD, 15.1 years) and were predominantly female (59.8%) and white (72.6%). Approximately 17% of them relied on others for the administration of drops and most commonly cited inadequate vision and trouble with manual dexterity leading to this dependency. Of those who self-administered drops, only 16.3% used a mirror. The most common location for administration was the bedroom (46.8%), followed by the bathroom (23.4%) and kitchen (16.1%). Almost 16% reported “rarely” or “never” washing their hands. Conclusions Although most individuals may have little difficulty with the use, storage, and handling of eye drops, this study demonstrates that broad variation in reported practices exists. This finding suggests a need for better instruction in eye drop administration and illuminates some of the methodological problems that could be overcome to reduce patients’ frustration, improve compliance, and increase efficacy. PMID:18427591

TU-CD-213-01: Communication, Negotiation, and Persuasion: Approaches for Better Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, J.

As part of the AAPM’s Scope of Practice, medical physicists are expected to collaborate effectively with practioners and allied health care providers. Interpersonal skills such as communication, negotiation and persuasion are vital for successful collaboration to achieve shared goals. This session will provide some theoretical background of these interpersonal skills as well as specific techniques and practical tools to influence others. Applications of these interpersonal skills for administrative and human resource management purposes vital to medical physicists will be shared. Session attendees will gain knowledge and tools to help them effectively collaborate with administrative and physician leaders in areas suchmore » as capital and human resource selection, prioritization, and implementation. Participants will hear methods of how to articulate their goals and to understand the goals of administration, helping ensure alignment of purpose. Session speakers will present one of the topics: equipment selection, budget creation, contracts, and program-related policy development. Specifics may include designing a business case in language that administrators understand, calculating the prioritization of budget requests, and influencing policies for safe and effective care. Human resource topics may include staffing justification, recruitment for fit, employment contracts, and benefits. Speakers will provide examples in both radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging departments and will share experiences and outcomes of their approaches for better results. Learning Objectives: After this course attendees will be better able to Understand the shared goal between administrative and physicist leadership. Articulate the “why” of the technical or human resource need. Utilize communication, negotiation and persuasion tools to improve collaboration.« less

TU-CD-213-03: Communication, Negotiation, and Persuasion: Approaches for Better Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wells, M.

As part of the AAPM’s Scope of Practice, medical physicists are expected to collaborate effectively with practioners and allied health care providers. Interpersonal skills such as communication, negotiation and persuasion are vital for successful collaboration to achieve shared goals. This session will provide some theoretical background of these interpersonal skills as well as specific techniques and practical tools to influence others. Applications of these interpersonal skills for administrative and human resource management purposes vital to medical physicists will be shared. Session attendees will gain knowledge and tools to help them effectively collaborate with administrative and physician leaders in areas suchmore » as capital and human resource selection, prioritization, and implementation. Participants will hear methods of how to articulate their goals and to understand the goals of administration, helping ensure alignment of purpose. Session speakers will present one of the topics: equipment selection, budget creation, contracts, and program-related policy development. Specifics may include designing a business case in language that administrators understand, calculating the prioritization of budget requests, and influencing policies for safe and effective care. Human resource topics may include staffing justification, recruitment for fit, employment contracts, and benefits. Speakers will provide examples in both radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging departments and will share experiences and outcomes of their approaches for better results. Learning Objectives: After this course attendees will be better able to Understand the shared goal between administrative and physicist leadership. Articulate the “why” of the technical or human resource need. Utilize communication, negotiation and persuasion tools to improve collaboration.« less

TU-CD-213-04: Panel Discussion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, J.

As part of the AAPM’s Scope of Practice, medical physicists are expected to collaborate effectively with practioners and allied health care providers. Interpersonal skills such as communication, negotiation and persuasion are vital for successful collaboration to achieve shared goals. This session will provide some theoretical background of these interpersonal skills as well as specific techniques and practical tools to influence others. Applications of these interpersonal skills for administrative and human resource management purposes vital to medical physicists will be shared. Session attendees will gain knowledge and tools to help them effectively collaborate with administrative and physician leaders in areas suchmore » as capital and human resource selection, prioritization, and implementation. Participants will hear methods of how to articulate their goals and to understand the goals of administration, helping ensure alignment of purpose. Session speakers will present one of the topics: equipment selection, budget creation, contracts, and program-related policy development. Specifics may include designing a business case in language that administrators understand, calculating the prioritization of budget requests, and influencing policies for safe and effective care. Human resource topics may include staffing justification, recruitment for fit, employment contracts, and benefits. Speakers will provide examples in both radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging departments and will share experiences and outcomes of their approaches for better results. Learning Objectives: After this course attendees will be better able to Understand the shared goal between administrative and physicist leadership. Articulate the “why” of the technical or human resource need. Utilize communication, negotiation and persuasion tools to improve collaboration.« less

TU-CD-213-02: Communication, Negotiation, and Persuasion: Approaches for Better Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clements, J.

As part of the AAPM’s Scope of Practice, medical physicists are expected to collaborate effectively with practioners and allied health care providers. Interpersonal skills such as communication, negotiation and persuasion are vital for successful collaboration to achieve shared goals. This session will provide some theoretical background of these interpersonal skills as well as specific techniques and practical tools to influence others. Applications of these interpersonal skills for administrative and human resource management purposes vital to medical physicists will be shared. Session attendees will gain knowledge and tools to help them effectively collaborate with administrative and physician leaders in areas suchmore » as capital and human resource selection, prioritization, and implementation. Participants will hear methods of how to articulate their goals and to understand the goals of administration, helping ensure alignment of purpose. Session speakers will present one of the topics: equipment selection, budget creation, contracts, and program-related policy development. Specifics may include designing a business case in language that administrators understand, calculating the prioritization of budget requests, and influencing policies for safe and effective care. Human resource topics may include staffing justification, recruitment for fit, employment contracts, and benefits. Speakers will provide examples in both radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging departments and will share experiences and outcomes of their approaches for better results. Learning Objectives: After this course attendees will be better able to Understand the shared goal between administrative and physicist leadership. Articulate the “why” of the technical or human resource need. Utilize communication, negotiation and persuasion tools to improve collaboration.« less

Effect of topical 3% diquafosol sodium on eyes with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction.

PubMed

Amano, Shiro; Inoue, Kenji

2017-01-01

To prospectively evaluate the effect of topical diquafosol sodium on eyes with dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The subjects were consecutive patients diagnosed with both DED and MGD at Inouye Eye Hospital between March and September of 2016. The subjects were administered topical 3% diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution six times a day for 3 months. At each study visit, subjects underwent slit-lamp examination and completed MGD symptoms and dry eye-related quality of life score (DEQS) questionnaires. Meibum quality (meibum score) and meibomian gland loss (meiboscore) were evaluated. Tear lipid layer thickness was measured in both eyes with an ocular surface interferometer immediately after clinic arrival and 20 minutes after instillation of one drop of topical diquafosol. Thirteen patients (3 men, 10 women) with a mean age of 69.5±8.3 years completed the 3-month study. The number of telangiectasia and plugged meibomian gland orifices significantly decreased from baseline after 1 month of diquafosol use. The meibum score and the meiboscore significantly decreased from baseline at 3 months. Also, the lipid layer thickness was greater after diquafosol administration than before administration at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months by 12.2, 11.5, 9.5, and 17.0 nm, respectively, but this difference was only significant at 3 months ( p =0.039). The DEQS ocular symptom ( p =0.065) and MGD questionnaire ( p =0.081) scores tended to be lower than baseline at 3 months. Diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution improves DED- and MGD-related signs in eyes with MGD.

Topical delivery of a preformed photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cutaneous lesions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oleinick, Nancy L.; Kenney, Malcolm E.; Lam, Minh; McCormick, Thomas; Cooper, Kevin D.; Baron, Elma D.

2012-02-01

Photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are most commonly delivered to patients or experimental animals via intravenous injection. After initial distribution throughout the body, there can be some preferential accumulation within tumors or other abnormal tissue in comparison to the surrounding normal tissue. In contrast, the photosensitizer precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or one of its esters, is routinely administered topically, and more specifically, to target skin lesions. Following metabolic conversion to protoporphyrin IX, the target area is photoilluminated, limiting peripheral damage and targeting the effective agent to the desired region. However, not all skin lesions are responsive to ALA-PDT. Topical administration of fully formed photosensitizers is less common but is receiving increased attention, and some notable advances with selected approved and experimental photosensitizers have been published. Our team has examined topical administration of the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 to mammalian (human, mouse, pig) skin. Pc 4 in a desired formulation and concentration was applied to the skin surface at a rate of 5-10 μL/cm2 and kept under occlusion. After various times, skin biopsies were examined by confocal microscopy, and fluorescence within regions of interest was quantified. Early after application, images show the majority of the Pc 4 fluorescence within the stratum corneum and upper epidermis. As a function of time and concentration, penetration of Pc 4 across the stratum corneum and into the epidermis and dermis was observed. The data indicate that Pc 4 can be delivered to skin for photodynamic activation and treatment of skin pathologies.

Ethics and risk management in administrative child and adolescent psychiatry.

PubMed

Sondheimer, Adrian

2010-01-01

This article examines ethics (the philosophic study of "doing the right thing") and risk management (the practice that seeks to manage the likelihood of "doing the wrong thing") and the relationship between them in the context of administrative child and adolescent psychiatry. Issues that affect child and adolescent psychiatrists who manage staff and business units and clinical practitioners who treat and manage individual patients are addressed. Malpractice, budgeting, credentialing, boundaries, assessment, documentation, treatment, research, dangerousness, and confidentiality are among the topics reviewed.

In Vitro Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains to Mupirocin, an Antibiotic Reformulated for Parenteral Administration in Nanoliposomes.

PubMed

Cern, Ahuva; Connolly, Kristie L; Jerse, Ann E; Barenholz, Yechezkel

2018-04-01

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent antibiotic-resistant threat. This study determined the MICs of mupirocin to be 0.0039 to 0.0625 μg/ml for 94 N. gonorrhoeae strains. Cross-resistance with other antibiotics was not detected. Mupirocin, which is currently limited to topical administration, demonstrated activity by injection when delivered in nanoliposomes. The nanoliposomal formulation of mupirocin is a potential treatment for drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae . Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.

Staff Development Resources, 1990-91.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Instructional Technology.

This staff development resource guide provides listings of instructional television and radio broadcasts related to major areas of the Total Teaching Act in South Carolina's Program for Effective Teaching (PET). Television program topics include: administration; adult education; the arts; career education; certificate-renewal credit courses;…

Mainstreaming the Visually Impaired Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calovini, Gloria, Ed.

Intended for school administrators and regular classroom teachers, the document presents guidelines for working with visually impaired students being integrated into regular classes. Included is a description of the special education program in Illinois. Sections cover the following topics: identification and referral of visually impaired…

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are inventoried in this library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration; (2) contraceptive methods; (3) family planning (general); (4) United Nations,…

75 FR 1790 - Draft Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors: IRB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

....gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/RunningClinicalTrials/ProposedRegulationsandDraftGuidances/default...] Draft Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors: IRB Continuing Review After Clinical Investigation Approval; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS...

Brave New World: Frontware, Megabytes, and Integrated Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIntyre, Jim

1991-01-01

Several experts in the field of college financial administration offer their insights into the emerging relationship between high technology and financial management, focusing on the role of the institution's chief business officer. Topics include efficiency, cost effectiveness, organizational communication, homegrown vs. packaged software…

78 FR 67168 - Sixth Annual Sentinel Initiative; Public Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

...] Sixth Annual Sentinel Initiative; Public Workshop AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION... workshop entitled ``Sixth Annual Sentinel Initiative.'' Convened by the Engelberg Center for Health Care... product surveillance. Topics will include an overview of the status of FDA's Sentinel Initiative and...

Day Care: Serving Preschool Children-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Donald J.; Brandegee, Ada S.

The handbook offers information and guidelines for establishing model daycare services for preschool children. Topics examined include: the nature of day care for preschoolers, the developmental patterns of preschool children, administration, budgeting and funding, licensing and other forms of regulation, facilities, parent involvement, curriculum…

Planning, Using the New Technology in Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barker, Bruce O.

1990-01-01

"Technology talk" among progressive administrators includes more than just computers and VCRs. New telecommunications developments (in satellites, fiber optics, electronic bulletin boards, electronic mail, and two-way interactive instructional delivery) are "hot topics" that both principals and teachers must learn about. Peer interactions and…

Shuttle roll-out set for 17 September 1976

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The unveiling of the first reusable space shuttle vehicle by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is discussed. The role of orbiter 101 as a test vehicle is stressed. Approach and landing tests, ground vibration tests, crew are among the topics included.

Innovations and Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwartz, Beverly, Ed.

The proceedings deal with a wide range of topics in Adult Basic Education. Workshop proceedings are included covering: resources and dissemination; administrators; curriculum and instructional personnel in both General Educational Development (GED) and English as a Second Language programs; use and dissemination of new programing practices;…

Elementary School Finance Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Catholic Educational Association, Washington, DC.

Developed to assist those responsible for financial matters in Catholic elementary schools, this manual presents each topic briefly and simply, taking into account administrators' minimal formal financial training. It is divided into six sections. Chapter 1, "Daily Financial Operations," describes the specifics of handling receipts, billings, and…

Connecticut Marketing Education Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Haven Board of Education, CT.

This revised marketing education handbook is intended to assist marketing education teachers and administrators in Connecticut in preparing students to enter meaningful careers in marketing, merchandising, and management positions. The 17 units of this reference guide cover the following topics: introduction; mission and scope of marketing…

A University Dilemma: The Use of Third Party-Owned Software.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hersey, Karen

1985-01-01

Reviews specific problems associated with software protection (copyright license, trade secret license), clauses in software license agreements that most frequently cause difficulties, and solutions university administrators and software industry should consider. Topics include confidentiality, restrictive use of modifications, use on single…

Freedom and Funding First.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, John N., III

2001-01-01

Previews the agenda for the American Library Association's 2002 Midwinter Meeting. Topics include the incompatibility of Bush administration national security initiatives with traditional rights of intellectual freedom; budget cuts; government funding; new roles for libraries in times of crisis; Internet access and control; and librarians'…

76 FR 50225 - Proposed Information Collection Activity; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... of healthy marriage and responsible fatherhood grant programs. The evaluation study title is: Parents... of topics with key informants in grantee and partner organizations such as their organizational... evaluation. Respondents: Semi-structured discussions will be held with administrators and managers of healthy...

The Woodlands, Texas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McHaney, Larry J.; Bernhardt, Jerry

1988-01-01

The authors describe the "central project" concept for implementing technology education while addressing education reform. The central project is a topic around which students, teachers, administrators, and the community focus their energies as a team. At McCullough High School (Texas), the central project involved design and…

Topical anti-infective sinonasal irrigations: update and literature review.

PubMed

Lee, Jivianne T; Chiu, Alexander G

2014-01-01

Sinonasal anti-infective irrigations have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality in the comprehensive management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), particularly in the context of recalcitrant disease. The purpose of this article was to delineate the current spectrum of topical anti-infective therapies available and evaluate their role in the treatment of CRS. A systematic literature review was performed on all studies investigating the use of topical antimicrobial solutions in the medical therapy of CRS. Anti-infective irrigations were stratified into topical antibacterial, antifungal, and additive preparations according to their composition and respective microbicidal properties. The use of topical antibiotic irrigations has been supported by low-level studies in the treatment of refractory CRS, with optimal results achieved in patients who have undergone prior functional endoscopic sinus surgery and received culture-directed therapy. Multiple evidence-based reviews have not established any clinical benefit with the administration of topical antifungals, and their use is not currently recommended in the management of routine CRS. Topical additives including surfactants may be beneficial as adjunctive treatment for recalcitrant CRS, but additional research is needed to investigate their efficacy in comparison with other agents and establish safety profiles. Topical anti-infective solutions are not recommended as first-line therapy for routine CRS but may be considered as a potential option for patients with refractory CRS who have failed traditional medical and surgical intervention. Additional research is necessary to determine which patient populations would derive the most benefit from each respective irrigation regimen and identify potential toxicities associated with prolonged use.

Histologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid after topical ophthalmic administration of 2% cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PubMed

Izci, Celal; Celik, Ilhami; Alkan, Fahrettin; Ogurtan, Zeki; Ceylan, Cengiz; Sur, Emrah; Ozkan, Yasemin

2002-05-01

To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration of a 2% solution of cyclosporine (CsA) for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to correlate results with histopathologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid. 24 dogs with bilateral KCS. Lacrimal secretion was measured, using Schirmer tear test (STT) strips. Leukocyte and T-lymphocyte subsets were determined in blood samples. Histopathologic changes as well as CD4+, CD8+, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase-positive (ANAE+) lymphocytes were evaluated. Clinical signs resolved at the end of 1 month in conjunction with significantly increased STT values, compared with baseline values. Fifteen and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, a decrease was observed in STT values in both eyes; however, only values for the right eye were significantly different. There was a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and ANAE+ lymphocytes 15 and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, compared with baseline values. Differences were not observed in number of CD4+ lymphocytes among treatment groups. However, there was a significant decrease in number of CD8+ lymphocytes with reversal of the CD4+:CD8+ in both eyes after CsA treatment for 30 days, compared with the control group. Increased secretory activity and decreased lymphocyte infiltration were characteristic histopathologic findings. Topical administration of a 2% solution of CsA was effective for the treatment of dogs with KCS. Strict follow-up monitoring is required after the cessation of treatment because of the possibility of recurrence of KCS.

Noninvasive Transdermal Vaccination Using Hyaluronan Nanocarriers and Laser Adjuvant

PubMed Central

Kim, Ki Su; Kim, Hyemin; Park, Yunji; Kong, Won Ho; Lee, Seung Woo; Kwok, Sheldon J. J.

2016-01-01

Vaccines are commonly administered by injection using needles. Although transdermal microneedles are less-invasive promising alternatives, needle-free topical vaccination without involving physical damage to the natural skin barrier is still sought after as it can further reduce needle-induced anxiety and simply administration. However, this long-standing goal has been elusive since the intact skin is impermeable to most macromolecules. Here, we show an efficient, non-invasive transdermal vaccination in mice by employing two key innovations: first, the use of hyaluronan (HA) as vaccine carriers and, second, non-ablative laser adjuvants. Conjugates of a model vaccine ovalbumin (OVA) and HA—HA-OVA conjugates—induced more effective maturation of dendritic cells in vitro, compared to OVA or HA alone, through synergistic HA receptor-mediated effects. Following topical administration in the back skin, HA-OVA conjugates penetrated into the epidermis and dermis in murine and porcine skins up to 30% of the total applied quantity, as revealed by intravital microscopy and quantitative fluorescence assay. Topical administration of HA-OVA conjugates significantly elevated both anti-OVA IgG antibody levels in serum and IgA antibody levels in bronchioalveolar lavage, with peak levels at 4 weeks, while OVA alone had a negligible effect. An OVA challenge at week 8 elicited strong immune-recall humoral responses. With pre-treatment of the skin using non-ablative fractional laser beams (1410 nm wavelength, 10 ms pulse duration, 0.2 mJ/pulse) as laser adjuvant, strong immunization was achieved with much reduced doses of HA-OVA (1 mg/kg OVA). Our results demonstrate the potential of the non-invasive patch-type transdermal vaccination platform. PMID:27833475

Nanoformulations of Rilpivirine for Topical Pericoital and Systemic Coitus-Independent Administration Efficiently Prevent HIV Transmission

PubMed Central

Date, Abhijit A.; Long, Julie M.; Nochii, Tomonori; Belshan, Michael; Shibata, Annemarie; Vincent, Heather; Baker, Caroline E.; Thayer, William O.; Kraus, Guenter; Lachaud-Durand, Sophie; Williams, Peter; Destache, Christopher J.; Garcia, J. Victor

2015-01-01

Vaginal HIV transmission accounts for the majority of new infections worldwide. Currently, multiple efforts to prevent HIV transmission are based on pre-exposure prophylaxis with various antiretroviral drugs. Here, we describe two novel nanoformulations of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine for pericoital and coitus-independent HIV prevention. Topically applied rilpivirine, encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles, was delivered in a thermosensitive gel, which becomes solid at body temperature. PLGA nanoparticles with encapsulated rilpivirine coated the reproductive tract and offered significant protection to BLT humanized mice from a vaginal high-dose HIV-1 challenge. A different nanosuspension of crystalline rilpivirine (RPV LA), administered intramuscularly, protected BLT mice from a single vaginal high-dose HIV-1 challenge one week after drug administration. Using transmitted/founder viruses, which were previously shown to establish de novo infection in humans, we demonstrated that RPV LA offers significant protection from two consecutive high-dose HIV-1 challenges one and four weeks after drug administration. In this experiment, we also showed that, in certain cases, even in the presence of drug, HIV infection could occur without overt or detectable systemic replication until levels of drug were reduced. We also showed that infection in the presence of drug can result in acquisition of multiple viruses after subsequent exposures. These observations have important implications for the implementation of long-acting antiretroviral formulations for HIV prevention. They provide first evidence that occult infections can occur, despite the presence of sustained levels of antiretroviral drugs. Together, our results demonstrate that topically- or systemically administered rilpivirine offers significant coitus-dependent or coitus-independent protection from HIV infection. PMID:26271040

Sodium channel blockers for cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

Burrows, E; Southern, K W; Noone, P

2006-07-19

People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have increased transport of the salt, sodium across their airway lining. Over-absorption of sodium results in the dehydration of the liquid that lines the airway surface and is a primary defect in people with CF. To determine whether the topical administration of drugs that block sodium transport improves the respiratory condition of people with CF. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearching relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We contacted principal investigators known to work in the field, previous authors and pharmaceutical companies who manufacture ion transport agents for unpublished or follow-up data. Most recent search of the Group's register: March 2006 Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised controlled trials of sodium channel blockers compared to placebo or another sodium channel blocker or the same sodium channel blocker at a different dosing regimen. Two authors independently extracted data. Meta-analysis was limited due to differing study designs. Four RCTs, with a total of 205 participants, examining the topical administration of the short-acting sodium channel blocker, amiloride, compared to placebo were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. For three studies, interventions for six months were completed and it was possible to calculate relative change in respiratory function (FVC). There was a significant difference found in relative change in FVC in favour of placebo (GIV analysis of weighted mean difference for FVC; 1.51% (95% confidence interval -2.77 to -0.25). There were no significant differences identified in other clinically relevant outcomes. We found no evidence that the topical administration of a short-acting sodium channel blocker improves respiratory condition in people with cystic fibrosis and some limited evidence of deterioration in lung function.

Athlete's foot.

PubMed

Crawford, Fay

2006-11-01

Around 15-25% of people are likely to have athlete's foot at any one time. The infection can spread to other parts of the body and to other people. We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of topical treatments for athlete's foot? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to April 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We found 11 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: improved foot hygiene, including socks, and hosiery; topical allylamines (naftifine, terbinafine); topical azoles; and topical ciclopirox olamine.

Preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery.

PubMed

Tan, Qi; Liu, Weidong; Guo, Chenyu; Zhai, Guangxi

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles as a topical delivery system for quercetin. Tocopheryl propylene glycol succinate was chosen to be the surfactant for the nanosystem. The mean particle size of the nanoparticles was 95.3 nm, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading for quercetin were 48.5% and 2.45%, respectively. Topical delivery in vitro and in vivo of the quercetin-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated using quercetin propylene glycol solution as the control. Compared with quercetin solution, the quercetin-loaded nanoparticles showed higher permeation ability, and significantly increased accumulation of quercetin in the skin, especially in the epidermis. Microstructure observation of the skin surface after administration indicated that the interaction between ingredients of the nanoparticles and the skin surface markedly changed the morphology of the stratum corneum and disrupted the corneocyte layers, thus facilitating the permeation and accumulation of quercetin in skin. Lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles are a promising carrier for topical delivery of quercetin.

Preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery

PubMed Central

Tan, Qi; Liu, Weidong; Guo, Chenyu; Zhai, Guangxi

2011-01-01

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles as a topical delivery system for quercetin. Methods Tocopheryl propylene glycol succinate was chosen to be the surfactant for the nanosystem. The mean particle size of the nanoparticles was 95.3 nm, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading for quercetin were 48.5% and 2.45%, respectively. Topical delivery in vitro and in vivo of the quercetin-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated using quercetin propylene glycol solution as the control. Results Compared with quercetin solution, the quercetin-loaded nanoparticles showed higher permeation ability, and significantly increased accumulation of quercetin in the skin, especially in the epidermis. Microstructure observation of the skin surface after administration indicated that the interaction between ingredients of the nanoparticles and the skin surface markedly changed the morphology of the stratum corneum and disrupted the corneocyte layers, thus facilitating the permeation and accumulation of quercetin in skin. Conclusion Lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles are a promising carrier for topical delivery of quercetin. PMID:21904452

Resolution of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome with topical capsaicin in the emergency department: a case series.

PubMed

Dezieck, Laurel; Hafez, Zachary; Conicella, Albert; Blohm, Eike; O'Connor, Mark J; Schwarz, Evan S; Mullins, Michael E

2017-09-01

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by symptoms of cyclic abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in the setting of prolonged cannabis use. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor may be involved in this syndrome. Topical capsaicin is a proposed treatment for CHS; it binds TRPV1 with high specificity, impairing substance P signaling in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius via overstimulation of TRPV1. This may explain its apparent antiemetic effect in this syndrome. We describe a series of thirteen cases of suspected cannabis hyperemesis syndrome treated with capsaicin in the emergency departments of two academic medical centers. A query of the electronic health record at both centers identified thirteen patients with documented daily cannabis use and symptoms consistent with CHS who were administered topical capsaicin cream for symptom management. All 13 patients experienced symptom relief after administration of capsaicin cream. Topical capsaicin was associated with improvement in symptoms of CHS after other treatments failed.

Comparative study of topical vs. intravenous tranexamic acid regarding blood loss in total knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Zekcer, Ari; Priori, Ricardo Del; Tieppo, Clauber; Silva, Ricardo Soares da; Severino, Nilson Roberto

2017-01-01

To compare topical vs. intravenous tranexamic acid (TA) in total knee arthroplasty regarding blood loss and transfusion. Ninety patients were randomized to receive TA intravenously (20 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline; group IV), topically (1.5 g in 50 mL of saline, sprayed over the operated site, before release of the tourniquet; topical group), or intravenous saline (100 mL with anesthesia; control group). The volume of drained blood in 48 h, the amount of transfused blood, and the serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after surgery were evaluated. The groups were similar for gender, age, weight, laterality, and preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels ( p  > 0.2). The hemoglobin level dropped in all groups when comparing the preoperative and the 48-h evaluations: the control group decreased 3.8 mg/dL on average, while the IV group had a decrease of 3.0, and the topical group, of 3.2 ( p  = 0.019). The difference between the control and IV groups was confirmed by Bonferroni test ( p  = 0.020). The difference between the control group and the topical group was not significant ( p  = 0.130), although there was less reduction in hemoglobin in the topical group; the comparison between the IV group and the topical group was also not significant ( p  = 1.000). Using topic and IV tranexamic acid decreased blood loss and the need for transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Topical application showed results similar to IV use regarding the need for blood transfusion, but without the possible side effects of IV administration.

Using topical benzocaine before lingual frenotomy did not reduce crying and should be discouraged.

PubMed

Ovental, A; Marom, R; Botzer, E; Batscha, N; Dollberg, S

2014-07-01

The US Food and Drug Administration has said that oral preparations containing benzocaine should only be used in infants under strict medical supervision, due to the rare, but potentially fatal, risk of methemoglobinemia. This study aimed to determine the analgesic effect of topical application of benzocaine prior to lingual frenotomy in infants with symptomatic tongue-tie. We hypothesised that the duration of crying immediately following frenotomy with topical benzocaine would be shorter than with no benzocaine. This randomised controlled study compared the length of crying after lingual frenotomy in term infants who did, or did not, receive topical application of benzocaine to the lingual frenulum prior to the procedure. We recruited 21 infants to this study. Crying time was less than one minute in all of the subjects. The average length of crying in the benzocaine group (21.6 ± 13.6 sec) was longer than the length of crying in the control group (13.1 ± 4.0 sec), p = 0.103. Contrary to our hypothesis, infants who were treated with topical benzocaine did not benefit from topical analgesia in terms of crying time. The use of benzocaine for analgesia prior to lingual frenotomy in term infants should therefore be discouraged. ©2014 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Topical Botanical Agents for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Farahnik, Benjamin; Sharma, Divya; Alban, Joseph; Sivamani, Raja K

2017-08-01

Patients with psoriasis often enquire about the use of numerous botanical therapeutics. It is important for dermatologists to be aware of the current evidence regarding these agents. We conducted a systematic literature search using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases for controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials that assessed the use of topical botanical therapeutics for psoriasis. The search included the following keywords: 'psoriasis' and 'plant' or 'herbal' or 'botanical'. We also reviewed citations within articles to identify additional relevant sources. We then further refined the results by route of administration and the topical botanical agents are reviewed herein. A total of 27 controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials addressing the use of topical botanical agents for psoriasis were assessed in this review. We found that the most highly studied and most efficacious topical botanical therapeutics were Mahonia aquifolium, indigo naturalis, aloe vera, and, to a lesser degree, capsaicin. The most commonly reported adverse effects were local skin irritation, erythema, pruritus, burning, and pain. However, the overall evidence for these therapeutics remains limited in quantity and quality. The literature addresses a large number of studies in regard to botanicals for the treatment of psoriasis. While most agents appear to be safe, further research is necessary before topical botanical agents can be consistently recommended to patients.

Overview of Mainstreaming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Ada D.; Reed, Daisy F.

A questionnaire on the topic of mainstreaming was submitted to educators in three schools in the Richmond, Virginia area and to three graduate classes at Virginia Commonwealth University. Of the 110 respondents, half were regular classroom teachers, and the other half included special education teachers, administrators, counselors, and other…

Development of Non-Proprietary Ultra-High Performance Concrete : Research Topic Statement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-29

Ultra-high performance concrete became commercially available in the U.S. in 2000. Since then, UHPC has been actively promoted by the Federal Highway Administration. UHPC has mostly been used in the U.S. for field-cast connections of prefabricated br...

2012 national survey of bicyclist and pedestrian attitudes and behavior : volume 3 : methodology report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

The 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behavior is the second survey on this topic conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Data collection was conducted by Abt SRBI, Inc, a national resear...

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, February 1973].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are inventoried in this quarterly library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration; (2) contraceptive methods; (3) family planning (general); (4) United…

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, November 1972].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are inventoried in this quarterly library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration; (2) contraceptive methods; (3) family planning (general); (4) United…

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, February 1972].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are inventoried in this library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration; (2) contraceptive methods; (3) family planning (general); (4) United Nations,…

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, May 1973].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Resources located in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are inventoried in this library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration; (2) contraceptive methods; (3) family planning (general); (4) United Nations,…

77 FR 11555 - Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors: Institutional...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... either http://www.regulations.gov or http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/RunningClinical...] Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors: Institutional Review Board Continuing Review After Clinical Investigation Approval; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration...

A Memo from Machiavelli.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Julius, Daniel J.; Pfeffer, Jeffrey; Baldridge, J. Victor

1999-01-01

A fictitious memorandum from Niccolo Machiavelli, a 15th-century author, to college presidents, senior administrators, and faculty leaders seeking change in higher education offers suggestions for organizational development and governance in the form of ten rules and related change tactics. Topics addressed include integrity, team-building,…

Collective Bargaining in Higher Education. Bibliography No. 8-9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garfin, Molly, Comp.

This sixth in a series of regular bibliographies on faculty and non-faculty collective bargaining and related issues includes 852 references to monographs, chapters, periodical articles, research reports, unpublished reports, dissertations, speeches, and noteworthy judicial and administrative agency decisions. The topics covered include: academic…

CD-ROM Stress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunge, Charles A.

1991-01-01

Discussion of stress in library reference departments focuses on stress caused by CD-ROM reference tools. Topics discussed include work overload; nonreference duties; patron attitudes and behavior; staff attitudes; the need for proper staff training; and the need for library administrators to be sensitive to reference staff needs. (LRW)

Lifestyles of the Stars.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. Kennedy Space Center.

Some general information on stars is provided in this National Aeronautics and Space Administration pamphlet. Topic areas briefly discussed are: (1) the birth of a star; (2) main sequence stars; (3) red giants; (4) white dwarfs; (5) neutron stars; (6) supernovae; (7) pulsars; and (8) black holes. (JN)

Maslow and Motherboards: Taking a Hierarchical View of Technology Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Doug

2003-01-01

Presents a planning model for educational uses of technology that is based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Topics include established infrastructure; effective administration; extensive resources; enhanced teaching, including creating distance learning opportunities; empowered students, including evaluation methods and information literacy skills;…

Montana School Health Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montana State Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Health Education Bureau.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist classroom teachers, curriculum coordinators, and other administrators in developing a program of health instruction from kindergarten through grade twelve. In twelve chapters the following topics are covered: (1) human growth and development; (2) family life relationships; (3) human sexuality; (4) health…

OSHA [Three Booklets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, DC.

This document consists of three separate booklets designed to educate the public and users about the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The 54-page "All about OSHA" is intended to provide a nonexhaustive overview of OSHA services. The following topics are discussed: the need for occupational safety and health…

Protection and Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School Board Journal, 1964

1964-01-01

Several aspects of school safety and protection are presented for school administrators and architects. Among those topics discussed are--(1) life safety, (2) vandalism controlled through proper design, (3) personal protective devices, and (4) fire alarm systems. Another critical factor in providing a complete school safety program is proper…

21 CFR 524.86 - Amitraz liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.86 Amitraz liquid... treatments, 14 days apart. (3) Limitations. Continue treatment until no viable mites are found in skin...

21 CFR 524.1005 - Furazolidone powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1005... chronic infections of the skin, and those skin conditions associated with intense itching. If redness...

21 CFR 524.86 - Amitraz liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.86 Amitraz liquid... treatments, 14 days apart. (3) Limitations. Continue treatment until no viable mites are found in skin...

21 CFR 524.86 - Amitraz liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.86 Amitraz liquid... treatments, 14 days apart. (3) Limitations. Continue treatment until no viable mites are found in skin...

21 CFR 524.86 - Amitraz liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.86 Amitraz liquid... treatments, 14 days apart. (3) Limitations. Continue treatment until no viable mites are found in skin...

1979: The Campus Student Press in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingelhart, Louis E.

1979-01-01

Discusses a number of topics involving the campus press, including the independence of campus publications, censorship issues, the relationship between the student press and the college administrator, the financing of student newspapers, yearbook production and financing, probable future student publications trends, and the need for appropriate…

Two Approaches to Distance Education: Lessons Learned.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedlak, Robert A.; Cartwright, G. Phillip

1997-01-01

Outlines lessons learned by the University of Wisconsin-Stout in implementing two distance education programs, a technology program using interactive television and a hospitality program using Lotus Notes to deliver courses. Topics discussed include program concept vs. technology as stimulus for innovation, program planning/administration,…

FDA Guidance on Biosimilar Interchangeability Elicits Diverse Views: Current and Potential Marketers Complain About Too-High Hurdles.

PubMed

Barlas, Stephen

2017-08-01

Pharmaceutical industry sectors are at odds as the Food and Drug Administration seeks to define "interchangeability" for biosimilars. The battle lines vary by topic, but biosimilar marketers, health plans, and drugstores are generally urging lower hurdles.

Managing Substitute Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Kevin R.

1999-01-01

This news brief presents information on managing substitute teaching. The information is based on issues discussed at a summit meeting which included public school administrators and personnel directors from around the nation. The main topics of concern focused around four core components related to the management of substitute teaching:…

Food Production and Services. Florida Vocational Program Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Instructional Development and Services.

This vocational program guide is intended to assist local administrators, regional coordinating councils, teachers, and others throughout Florida in offering vocational education training in food service and production in school districts, area vocational centers, and community colleges. The following topics are covered: program content and…

Sabbatical Report: Results of a Survey of Library Microforms Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIntosh, Melinda C.

1987-01-01

Highlights findings on the status of academic library microforms facilities in the United States and Canada based on visits to 11 libraries. Topics covered include administration, personnel, collection access and storage, classification, acquisition, circulation, indexes, hours, facilities, signage, equipment, photocopying, cleanliness, vandalism,…

78 FR 20696 - NASA Advisory Council; Human Exploration and Operations Committee; Research Subcommittee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice: 13-042] NASA Advisory Council; Human Exploration and Operations Committee; Research Subcommittee; Meeting AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space... topics: --Overview of Research in Space Life and Physical Sciences --Space Station and Future Exploration...

The Principal's Legal Handbook. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camp, William E., Ed.; Connelly, Mary Jane, Ed.; Lane, Kenneth E., Ed.; Mead, Julie F., Ed.

This handbook for elementary and secondary school principals contains several chapters on topics important to building level administrators. Each chapter summarizes relevant state and federal court decisions and statutes, concluding with recommendations for practice. The handbook is divided into four sections: students and the law, special…

Practice Parameter for Psychiatric Consultation to Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005

2005-01-01

This practice parameter reviews the topic of psychiatric consultation to schools. The review covers the history of school consultation and current consultative models; the process of developing a consultative relationship; school administrative procedures, personnel, and milieu; legal protections for students with mental disabilities; and issues…

21 CFR 524.520 - Cuprimyxin cream.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.520 Cuprimyxin... myxin from its copper complex. (4) If no response is seen within seven days, diagnosis and therapy...

Mini Lessons from FDA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Food and Drug Administration (DHEW), Washington, DC.

Eight self-contained lessons present information about topics of current interest in the Food and Drug Administration. Multidisciplinary in nature, the lessons can be integrated into ongoing activities in elementary or secondary level reading, math, language arts, social studies, science, art, health, consumer education, and home economics. The…

2012 national survey of bicyclist and pedestrian attitudes and behavior : volume 2 : findings report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

The 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behavior is the second survey on this topic conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Data collection was conducted by Abt SRBI, Inc, a national resear...

VA Library Service--Today's look at Tomorrow's Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veterans Administration, Washington, DC.

The Conference Poceedings are divided into three broad topics: systems planning, audiovisuals in biomedical communication, and automation and networking. Speakers from within the Veterans Administration (VA), from the National Medical Audiovisual Center, and the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of…

2012 national survey of bicyclist and pedestrian attitudes and behavior : volume 1 : summary report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

The 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behavior is the second survey on this topic conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Data collection was conducted by Abt SRBI, Inc, a national resear...

The Minnesota Experience with Family-Centered Early Childhood Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engstrom, Lois

1988-01-01

The author describes Minnesota's Early Childhood Family Education program for all children from birth to kindergarten and their parents. Topics include the types of activities each local program undertakes, administration and planning, and financing. A list of important program attributes is included. (CH)

Tradeoffs in Capstone Design Courses Involving More Than One Discipline [Senior Design].

PubMed

Goldberg, Jay

2017-01-01

According to a 2015 survey, 5% of capstone design course instructors indicated that their courses involve students from more than one engineering discipline [1]. Students in these courses may hear presentations on topics of common interest and work together on project teams that require knowledge and skills from more than one discipline. Some courses make use of occasional breakout sessions in which discipline-specific topics (such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations) of greater value to students in a particular discipline are presented during class sessions where only students of that discipline meet [2].

Patients' rights on the World Wide Web.

PubMed

Taylor, M K

2001-01-01

Managed care reform, commonly referred to as "patients' rights" legislation, has become a hot topic. Many groups, including consumers, health care professionals, employers, managed care organizations, political parties, and government agencies, have strong opinions about measures that should be taken and what the outcomes of these measures might be. Those investigating this multidisciplinary topic will want to examine health care administration, ethics, health services research, and political science sources. Web resources covered in this article include: clearinghouses; government agencies; federal legislative and legal sites; and home pages of professional and trade associations, policy research institutes, and consumer advocacy organizations.

Additive Effect of Oral Steroid with Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug for Preventing Cystoid Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Epiretinal Membrane

PubMed Central

Kim, Seonghwan; Wee, Won Ryang

2017-01-01

Purpose To investigate the additive effect of oral steroid with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) after cataract surgery. Methods Medical records of subjects who underwent uneventful cataract surgery (n = 1,349) were retrospectively reviewed; among these patients, those with pre-existing ERM (n = 81) were included. Patients were divided into two groups: one group had postoperative administration of oral steroid for 1 week (n = 45) and the other group did not have oral steroid administration (n = 36). Changes in macular thickness and incidence of CME were compared in both groups. Topical NSAIDs were administered in both groups for 1 month postoperatively. Definite CME and probable CME were defined by changes in retinal contour with or without cystoid changes. Change in central macular thickness of more than three standard deviations (≥90.17 µm) was defined as possible CME. Macular thickness was measured at 1 month after the operation by optical coherence tomography. Results The incidence of definite, probable, and possible CME were 2.22%, 4.44%, and 8.89% with the use of steroid and 2.78%, 5.56%, and 8.33% without steroid, respectively (p = 0.694, p = 0.603, and p = 0.625), and regardless of treatment group, the incidences in these patients were higher compared to incidences in whole subjects (1.26%, 2.30%, and 4.32%; p = 0.048, p = 0.032, and p = 0.038, respectively). The differences in macular thickness were not statistically different between the two groups. Average changes of central foveal thickness in 3 mm and 6 mm zone were 29.29 µm, 35.93 µm, and 38.02 µm with the use of steroid and 32.25 µm, 44.08 µm, and 45.39 µm without steroid (p = 0.747, p = 0.148, and p = 0.077, respectively). Conclusions This study suggests that administration of oral steroid may not have a synergistic effect in reduction of CME and retinal thickness in patients with pre-existing ERM after cataract surgery, when topical NSAIDs are applied. PMID:28913997

Public science policy and administration. [cooperation of government industry, foundations, and educational institutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenthal, A. H. (Editor)

1973-01-01

Science, the overwhelming concern of our time, is no longer a matter of private research and development but one of public policy and administration, in which government, industry, foundations, and educational institutions must all work together as never before. Few other single tasks are of such decisive importance to the collective and individual welfare of American citizens as the formulation of public science policy and the administration of scientific programs. Eleven national authorities of varied background in science, education, and government administration contribute their experience and their judgment in an effort to deal with the major aspects of the subject. Their focus is on the meeting of actual problems; they consider the decision making process in both public and public-private organizations. Topics are grouped in three general categories: personnel needs and resources, organizational problems and techniques, and the administrative role in policy leadership.

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors.

PubMed

Zebda, Rema; Paller, Amy S

2018-03-01

Historically, drugs available for treating atopic dermatitis (AD) have been limited to topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors, with systemic immunosuppressants and phototherapy reserved for severe AD. Despite their efficacy and infrequent adverse events, phobia about the use of topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors has limited their use. More targeted options with fewer systemic and cutaneous side effects are needed for treating AD. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is involved in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines via the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. PDE4 activity is increased in the inflammatory cells of patients with AD, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Targeting PDE4 reduces the production of these proinflammatory mediators in AD. Both topical and oral PDE4 inhibitors have a favorable safety profile. Crisaborole 2% ointment, a topical PDE4, is now US Food and Drug Administration-approved for children older than 2 years and adults in the treatment of AD. Crisaborole 2% ointment shows early and sustained improvement in disease severity and pruritus and other AD symptoms, with burning and/or stinging upon application as the only related adverse event. Other PDE4 inhibitors are currently in trials with promising efficacy and safety. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Comparison of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled and prospective cohort trials.

PubMed

Wang, Hao; Shen, Bin; Zeng, Yi

2014-12-01

There has been much debate and controversy about the optimal regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of topical and intravenous regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty. A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase was undertaken. All randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid during primary total knee arthroplasty were included. The focus of the analysis was on the outcomes of blood loss, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications. Subgroup analysis was performed when possible. Of 328 papers identified, six trials were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis comprising 679 patients (739 knees). We found no statistically significant difference between topical and intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in terms of blood loss, transfusion requirements and thromboembolic complications. Topical tranexamic acid has a similar efficacy to intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing both blood loss and transfusion rate without sacrificing safety in primary total knee arthroplasty. II. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Phyllanthus niruri

PubMed Central

Patel, Satish; Sharma, Vikas; S. Chauhan, Nagendra; Thakur, Mayank; Dixit, Vinod Kumar

2015-01-01

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the potential Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri ) extracts in promotion of hair growth. Materials and Methods: Here, we studied the hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether extract of P. niruri following its topical administration. Alopecia was induced in albino rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone for 21 days. Evaluation of hair loss inhibition was done by concurrent administration of extract and monitoring parameters like follicular density, anagen/telogen (A/T) ratio and histological observation of animal skin sections. Finasteride solution was applied topically as standard. In vitro experiments were also performed to study the effect of extract on the activity of 5α-reductase enzyme Results: Groups treated with petroleum ether extract of plant showed hair re-growth as reflected by follicular density, A/T ratio and skin sections. Histopathology and morphologic observations of hair re-growth at shaved sites showed active follicular proliferation. In vitro experiments results showed inhibitory activity of petroleum ether extract on type-2 5α-reductase enzyme and an increase in the amount of testosterone with increasing concentrations. Conclusion: It could be concluded that petroleum ether extracts of P. niruri might be useful in the treatment of testosterone-induced alopecia in the experimental animal by inhibiting 5α-reductase enzyme. PMID:26693408

Moving the Fence: Engaging Your Principal in Your School Library Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher-Hayashi, Diane

2001-01-01

Discusses the role of school administrators in supporting school library programs and suggests ways that teacher librarians can encourage them. Topics include leadership from the principal; shared vision; professional development programs; planning opportunities; adequate support staff; school reforms; community and district advocacy; and raising…

Purpose and Learning Benefits of Simulations: A Design and Development Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goosen, Kenneth R.; Jensen, Ron; Wells, Robert

2001-01-01

Considers the role of the simulation designer in the development of business enterprise simulations used in collegiate business education. Topics include the designer's knowledge domain; conflicting business administration theories in accounting, finance, economics, marketing, production, and income tax; and other designer issues. (LRW)

75 FR 38837 - Susan Harwood Training Grant Program, FY 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Occupational Safety and Health Administration Susan Harwood Training Grant... Funding Opportunity for Susan Harwood Training Grant Program, FY 2010. Funding Opportunity No.: SHTG-FY-10... availability of approximately $2.75 million for the Susan Harwood Training Grant Program for Targeted Topic...

Library Bulletin [International Planned Parenthood Federation, August 1973].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

Recent additions to the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Headquarters Library are listed in this library bulletin. Entries follow the IPPF classification scheme and are arranged by topics: (1) general office management and administration, (2) contraceptive methods, (3) family planning (general), (4) United Nations, conferences,…

76 FR 4380 - NASA Advisory Council; Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee; Meeting.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-25

..., Office of the Chief Financial Officer. (OCFO), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters... meeting includes the following topics: Review of FY2010 Financial Statement Audit and Roadmap to Unqualified Opinion in FY 2011. Chief Financial Officer Update and Review of OCFO Responsibilities. Financial...

Trustee Quarterly, 1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trustee Quarterly, 1993

1993-01-01

The four issues of "Trustee Quarterly" contained in this document focus on topics of current concern to community college trustees. The winter 1993 issue offers articles on the prospects for educational reform under the Clinton administration and the current Congress, strategies for obtaining needed resources from the state legislature, and the…

IRM: A Look Backward and Forward at the Federal Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caudle, Sharon L.

1988-01-01

Describes a study of information resources management in federal, cabinet level executive, and military departments. The topics discussed include typical department organizations, the impact of the paperwork reduction act, administrative goals, major influences on information resources management, and a comparison of management challenges across…

Humanities Programming in Public Libraries: The Connecticut Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rader, Barbara A.

1990-01-01

Describes how public libraries can plan, fund, and implement scholar-led, library-based, humanities book discussion programs using the example of the Southern Connecticut Library Council. Key steps in planning, funding, targeting the audience, selecting topics and books, obtaining community support, recruiting scholars, marketing, administration,…

Meningococcal Education: More than Just a Vaccine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuenzi, Lana

2004-01-01

The administration of meningitis vaccinations to the college population has recently been the topic of much discussion. Much of the controversy has surrounded the promotion of widespread vaccinations or educational campaigns about the vaccine for incoming freshman students. Recommendations about the use of meningococcal vaccines for college…

Second Annual Practitioners Conference on Energy Education. Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofman, Helenmarie H., Ed.; Miller, F. Gene, Ed.

Reported are the proceedings of a conference of practitioners of energy education including classroom teachers, curriculum experts, administrators, and representatives from industry and government. Participants worked in six groups to produce papers and recommendations. Topics addressed by each group included: (1) State-of-the-Art and Needs…

Reforming College Governance. New Directions for Community Colleges, No. 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Richard C., Jr., Ed.

1975-01-01

The articles presented here reveal the current status of community college governance. Topics discussed are: three models of college governance and their interrelationships; participatory governance in Canada; preparing student, faculty, and administrative leaders to understand basic institutional and individual needs and to operative in…

Distributive Education Programs. A Program Information Publication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ely, Vivien King

Intended for reference use by vocational education decision makers, including chief school officers, administrative and supervisory personnel, and advisory councils, this publication contains information on topics to be considered before, during, and after establishing a program for distributive education. A section is devoted to each of the…

Why Man Explores.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.

This document presents a transcript of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration panel discussion held on July 2, 1976, in conjunction with the Viking Mission to Mars. The panel consisted of Norman Cousins, Ray Bradbury, Jacques Cousteau, James Michener, and Philip Morrison, and the principal topic was a philosophical discussion of the…

Understanding What Is in Your Insurance Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahn, Steven P.

This document outlines the various types of insurance policies and their functions to help school administrators improve their management of risk. Eight exhibits highlight information on the following topics: the five basic sections of all insurance policies; key property insurance clauses; general liability; school board legal liability; the…

Coping with Copyright. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merriam, Elizabeth B.; And Others

Intended to help librarians, library media specialists, administrators, and educators better understand the ramifications of the copyright law, Public Law 94-553, this document asks and answers some of the basic questions concerning compliance with the law. Topics covered include definition of the copyright law; scope of copyright protection;…

29 CFR 1471.25 - How is this part organized?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Parties List System (Disseminated by the General Services Administration). F the general principles... ten subparts. Each subpart contains information related to a broad topic or specific audience with... related to . . . A general information about this rule. B the types of FMCS transactions that are covered...

Management of Student Aid: A Guide for Presidents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

El-Khawas, Elaine

A guide offering a quick review of principles, decisions, and responsibilities in financial aid management has been developed to aid presidents, trustees, and senior administrators of colleges and universities. The handbook stresses the possible implications of aid for enrollment, financial stability, and institutional mission. Topics that are…

Research administration, state planning & research part II program : FY2013 at-a-glance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This publication presents a summary of Research and Library funding statistics and project progress for Fiscal Year : (FY) 2013. The tables on pages 2 through 7 list all MDOT-funded research projects by topic area that were active : or completed duri...

21 CFR 880.6890 - General purpose disinfectants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false General purpose disinfectants. 880.6890 Section 880.6890 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... topical contact with intact skin. (b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt...

Using the Web To Explore the Great Depression.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chamberlin, Paul

2001-01-01

Presents an annotated list of Web sites that focus on the Great Depression. Includes the American Experience, American Memory, the National Archives and Records Administration, and the New Deal Network Web sites. Offers additional sites covering topics such as the Jersey homesteads and labor history. (CMK)

75 FR 72834 - Blood Products Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-26

... Pearline Muckelvene, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (HFM- 71... following topics: (1) November 4 and 5, 2010, meeting of the Health and Human Services Advisory Committee on... (3) Research programs in the Laboratories of Hemostasis and Plasma Derivatives, Division of...

OSHA and Experimental Safety Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sichak, Stephen, Jr.

1983-01-01

Suggests that a governmental agency, most likely Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) be considered in the safety design stage of any experiment. Focusing on OSHA's role, discusses such topics as occupational health hazards of toxic chemicals in laboratories, occupational exposure to benzene, and role/regulations of other agencies.…

Veterinary Specialist, 1-2. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

These military-developed curriculum materials consist of five volumes of text information, student workbooks, and supplements for use in training veterinary specialists. Covered in the individual volumes are the following topics: the veterinary airman, administration, and statistical procedures; veterinary microbiology, consumer-level quality…

Critical Intellectual Inquiry at Catholic Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olszewski, Bernard

2006-01-01

In this article, the author, a professor and an academic administrator at a Catholic college, discusses the topics of academic freedom and intellectual debate within the context of Catholic schools operating under guidelines of the Vatican document "Ex Corde Ecclesiae." Under these guidelines, there are fundamental moral questions that…

21 CFR 524.1005 - Furazolidone aerosol powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

....1005 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1005... chronic infections of the skin, and those skin conditions associated with intense itching. If redness...

21 CFR 524.1580b - Nitrofurazone soluble powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 524.1580b Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS... wounds, burns, skin ulcers, and abscesses after incision. (3) Limitations. In case of deep or puncture...

21 CFR 524.1005 - Furazolidone aerosol powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

....1005 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1005... chronic infections of the skin, and those skin conditions associated with intense itching. If redness...

A Mentoring Model for Technology Education for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacArthur, Charles A.; And Others

1996-01-01

Describes a computer mentor program that was developed by the University of Maryland and the Prince George's County Public Schools (Maryland) to help teachers learn to integrate computers into their instruction. Topics include a course for the mentors, school administrative support, and results of program evaluations. (LRW)

Instructional Aides: Employment, Payroll Procedures, Supervision, Performance Appraisal, Legal Aspects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nielsen, Earl T.

Designed to assist school administrators in their efforts to secure, train, and retain the most qualified instructional aides available, the monograph discusses procedures for employment, payroll processing, aide supervision, performance appraisal, and legal aspects involved in the hiring of instructional aides. Specific topics include…

42 CFR 93.25 - Organization of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 93.25 Organization of this part. This part is subdivided into five subparts. Each subpart contains information related to a broad topic or specific audience with special responsibilities... Research Integrity. E Information on how to contest ORI research misconduct findings and HHS administrative...

42 CFR 93.25 - Organization of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 93.25 Organization of this part. This part is subdivided into five subparts. Each subpart contains information related to a broad topic or specific audience with special responsibilities... Research Integrity. E Information on how to contest ORI research misconduct findings and HHS administrative...

42 CFR 93.25 - Organization of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 93.25 Organization of this part. This part is subdivided into five subparts. Each subpart contains information related to a broad topic or specific audience with special responsibilities... Research Integrity. E Information on how to contest ORI research misconduct findings and HHS administrative...

42 CFR 93.25 - Organization of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 93.25 Organization of this part. This part is subdivided into five subparts. Each subpart contains information related to a broad topic or specific audience with special responsibilities... Research Integrity. E Information on how to contest ORI research misconduct findings and HHS administrative...

Planning Guide for Secondary School Music Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenger Corp., Owatonna, MN.

This planning guide focuses on the fundamental requirements for planning and designing school music suites. The guide provides brief explanations of critical factors affecting music suites so that music directors and other stakeholders can more quickly and clearly communicate music area fundamentals to architects and administrators. Topics cover…

Teaching and Learning Materials and the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forsyth, Ian

This book examines the educational and administrative considerations involved in delivering educational and training course materials through the Internet. The first chapter discusses four key elements of preparing information for delivery on the Internet--outcomes, information, content, and assessment. The next chapters cover such topics as: (1)…

Planning Guide for Instructional Computing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

League for Innovation in the Community Coll., Laguna Hills, CA.

Designed to assist academic administrators at community colleges in developing strategies for the application of computers to teaching and learning, this guide provides background information and recommendations for the design and implementation of an instructional computing plan. Chapter 1 examines computers as a topic of instruction, as a medium…

21 CFR 516.111 - Scope of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... transgenic animal. Among its topics, this subpart sets forth the standards and procedures for: (a... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS NEW ANIMAL DRUGS FOR MINOR USE AND MINOR SPECIES Index of Legally...

21 CFR 516.111 - Scope of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transgenic animal. Among its topics, this subpart sets forth the standards and procedures for: (a... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS NEW ANIMAL DRUGS FOR MINOR USE AND MINOR SPECIES Index of Legally...

Examining Community College Leadership Dyads: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, David J.

2017-01-01

Information technology has the potential to change community college administration procedures; merging technological knowledge and business skill; creating a need for further definition and understanding of current Chief Information Officer (CIO) position. However, the existing research on this topic focuses on the merging leadership roles and…

Legal Bibliography for Juvenile and Family Courts. Supplement 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheridan, William H.; Freer, Alice B.

This bibliography provides a listing of journal articles on such topics as: the abused child, adoptions, case decisions, confessions, constitutional law, counsel, court administration and organization, courts, criminal law and procedure, custody, delinquency, domestic relations, due process for juveniles, evidence, family court and family law,…

Multi-Protocol LAN Design and Implementation: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazari, Sunil

1995-01-01

Reports on the installation of a local area network (LAN) at East Carolina University. Topics include designing the network; computer labs and electronic mail; Internet connectivity; LAN expenses; and recommendations on planning, equipment, administration, and training. A glossary of networking terms is also provided. (AEF)

STRATEGIES FOR INSTRUCTIONAL CHANGE--PROMISING IDEAS AND PERPLEXING PROBLEMS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

HARRIS, BEN M.

SUPERVISION, BECAUSE IT COVERS A MULTIPLICITY OF TASKS PERFORMED IN NO FIXED LOCUS, ITS ALMOST IMMUNE TO SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION. ELABORATE DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES ARE NEEDED (POSSIBLY REPLICATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION STUDIES) ON SUCH TOPICS AS RESISTANCE TO CHANGE AND SUPERVISOR-SUPERVISOR RELATIONSHIPS. THEORETICAL MODELS AND CONCEPTS WHICH…

An Introduction for Distance Educators [and] Five Essential Factors Every Administrator Needs To Know about Integrated Telecommunications Infrastructures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saba, Farhad; Mahon, J. Michael

1999-01-01

Discusses telecommunications developments that are affecting distance educators. Topics include bandwidth; educational radio and television; instructional television-fixed services (ITFS); cable television; communication satellites; computers; digital telecommunications; the Internet; other protocols; future systems; telephone switches and…

Understanding the "Legal Technicalities" of Federal Regulations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guthrie, R. Claire

1979-01-01

Answers to questions about institutional obligations under Sections 503 and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 illustrate the legal issues that may confront college administrators as they make efforts to comply. Topics include: institutions that are covered, individuals who are protected, reasonable accommodation, affirmative action, and legal…

Educational Telecommunications. Cable Conference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan State Board of Education, Lansing.

The Michigan Department of Education sponsored a conference which brought educational administrators and cable television (CATV) entrepreneurs together for a common exploration of their respective concerns in order that they might develop a working relationship leading to the effective utilization of CATV by educators. Major topics dealt with: 1)…

Academic Libraries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tameem, Jamal A.

1988-01-01

Considers the status of higher education and academic libraries in Saudi Arabia. Topics covered include the role of academic libraries, use patterns, library education, the availability of professional librarians and administrators, library automation, academic cooperation with the United States, and the impact of social influences on library…

Involvement of substance P and central opioid receptors in morphine modulation of the CHS response.

PubMed

Nelson, C J; Lysle, D T

2001-04-02

Morphine administration prior to challenge with the antigen 2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene increases the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response in rats. The present study extended these findings by showing that central, but not systemic, administration of N-methylnaltrexone antagonized the morphine-induced enhancement of the CHS response. The importance of the neuroimmune mediator substance P was shown via the attenuation of the morphine-induced enhancement following both systemic and topical administration of the NK-1 antagonist WIN51,708. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide new data showing that central opioid receptors and peripheral substance P are involved in the morphine-induced enhancement of the CHS response.

Healthcare administration education in the 21st century: the case for entrepreneurship.

PubMed

Williams, David R; Duncan, W Jack; Ginter, Peter M

2005-01-01

This paper recommends the broadening of the course content in several of the current required courses within the core curriculum of healthcare management education to include entrepreneurship topics and the inclusion of a separate entrepreneurship course. The current state of entrepreneurship within healthcare is described through the discussion of a healthcare entrepreneurship continuum. Because of the evolution of the healthcare industry in the past ten years, healthcare administration programs must also evolve to make our curriculum more relevant and increase student placement options. The current healthcare administration education shortcomings are discussed and recommendations for curriculum change are presented. Finally, a readings and resources list is provided as a basis for further curriculum development.

Two cases of corneal perforation after oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: oral NSAID-induced corneal damage.

PubMed

Masuda, Ikuya; Matsuo, Toshihiko; Okamoto, Kazuo; Matsushita, Kyoko; Ohtsuki, Hiroshi

2010-01-01

To report 2 cases of corneal perforation associated with the use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In a 62-year-old woman and a 79-year-old woman, corneal perforation occurred after 7 days and 5 months of oral NSAIDs administration, respectively. After NSAIDs were discontinued, the cornea epithelialized and the anterior chamber formed within 14 and 10 days, respectively. It is well known that topical NSAIDs cause corneal perforation. Observations in the present cases suggest that the oral administration of NSAIDs may also cause corneal damage, and hence, medical professionals should consider the risk of damage to the cornea when administering these drugs orally.

Preparation and Characterization of Minoxidil Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers.

PubMed

Wang, Wenxi; Chen, Lina; Huang, Xinyan; Shao, Anna

2017-02-01

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are interesting delivery systems for enhancing the penetration of an active substance through the skin after topical administration. The present paper described the development of a novel NLCs for minoxidil (MXD) topical delivery. Stearic acid and oleic acid that showed the highest solubility for MXD were selected as solid lipid and liquid lipid, respectively, and the NLCs were prepared by hot high pressure homogenization method. The minoxidil loaded NLCs prepared accordingly to the optimal formulation exhibited spherical shape with a mean diameter of 281.4 ± 7.4 nm, polydispersity of 0.207 ± 0.009, zeta potential of -32.90 ± 1.23 mV, drug entrapment efficiency of 92.48 ± 0.31%, and drug loading of 13.85 ± 0.47%. Storage stability studies demonstrated that the particle size and entrapment efficiency of the MXD-NLCs were not changed during 3 months both at 4°C and room temperature. Moreover, the release of MXD from the NLCs was faster than drug release from SLNs. In vitro skin permeability test demonstrated that MXD-NLCs had a more pronounced permeation and retention profile than MXD-SLNs. Furthermore, no erythema was observed after administration of MXD-NLCs. All these results indicated that the developed MXD-NLCs could be a promising and effective nanocarrier for topical delivery of MXD.

Epigallocatechin Gallate-Loaded Gelatin-g-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as a New Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulation for Topical Use in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome.

PubMed

Luo, Li-Jyuan; Lai, Jui-Yang

2017-08-24

Given that biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems may have potential applications in the design of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations, this study, for the first time, aims to develop gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) carriers for topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). By temperature triggered sol-gel phase transition of copolymers, EGCG-loaded GN was prepared at 32 °C and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Results of WST-1 and live/dead assays showed that GN materials have good compatibility with corneal epithelial cells. Gradual biodegradation of delivery carriers allowed sustained release of EGCG without drug toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity studies also indicated effective therapeutic drug levels at each time point within 3 days of release. In a rabbit dry eye model, corneal epithelial defects was ameliorated by treatment with single-dose administration of EGCG-containing GN. Furthermore, drug molecules released from carrier materials could prevent further tear evaporation and loss of mucin-secreting goblet cells in diseased animals. Our findings suggest that GN carrier is responsible for enhanced pharmacological efficacy of topically instilled EGCG, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of limited dry eye relief associated with eye drop dosage form.

Effects of topical nipradilol, a β blocking agent with α blocking and nitroglycerin-like activities, on intraocular pressure and aqueous dynamics in humans

PubMed Central

Kanno, M.; Araie, M.; Koibuchi, H.; Masuda, K.

2000-01-01

AIMS—To study the effects of topical nipradilol, a non-selective β blocker with α blocking and nitroglycerin-like activities, on intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humour dynamics in normal humans and in patients with ocular hypertension.
METHODS—Nipradilol (0.06%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%) was applied to normal volunteers (n = 12) to test for IOP lowering effects. In a second group of normal volunteers (n = 11), nipradilol (0.125% and 0.25%) and timolol (0.5%) were compared for IOP lowering effects. After a single administration of 0.25% nipradilol, IOP, flare intensity in the anterior chamber, aqueous flow, uveoscleral outflow, tonographic outflow facility, and episcleral venous pressure were either directly measured or mathematically calculated. Topical nipradilol (0.25%) was administered to 24 patients with ocular hypertension twice daily for 8 weeks.
RESULTS—Administration of 0.25% nipradilol decreased IOP with a maximum reduction of 4.2 mm Hg lasting 12 hours. A single instillation of both 0.25% nipradilol and 0.5% timolol reduced the IOP in normotensive human subjects to the same degree. A single instillation of 0.25% nipradilol decreased the aqueous flow rate in the treated eye by 20%. Nipradilol produced no significant effect in tonographic outflow facility or episcleral venous pressure, but uveoscleral outflow was increased. In patients with ocular hypertension, twice daily instillation of 0.25% nipradilol decreased IOP without tachyphylaxis for the 8 week test period.
CONCLUSION—Topical nipradilol (0.25%) reduced IOP by decreasing the aqueous flow rate and probably also by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Nipradilol should be further investigated as a new antiglaucoma drug.

 PMID:10684841

Targeted Delivery of Antiglaucoma Drugs to the Supraciliary Space Using Microneedles

PubMed Central

Kim, Yoo C.; Edelhauser, Henry F.; Prausnitz, Mark R.

2014-01-01

Purpose. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that highly targeted delivery of antiglaucoma drugs to the supraciliary space by using a hollow microneedle allows dramatic dose sparing of the drug compared to topical eye drops. The supraciliary space is the most anterior portion of the suprachoroidal space, located below the sclera and above the choroid and ciliary body. Methods. A single, hollow 33-gauge microneedle, 700 to 800 μm in length, was inserted into the sclera and used to infuse antiglaucoma drugs into the supraciliary space of New Zealand white rabbits (N = 3–6 per group). Sulprostone, a prostaglandin analog, and brimonidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, were delivered via supraciliary and topical administration at various doses. The drugs were delivered unilaterally, and intraocular pressure (IOP) of both eyes was measured by rebound tonometry for 9 hours after injection to assess the pharmacodynamic responses. To assess safety of the supraciliary injection, IOP change immediately after intravitreal and supraciliary injection were compared. Results. Supraciliary delivery of both sulprostone and brimonidine reduced IOP by as much as 3 mm Hg bilaterally in a dose-related response; comparison with topical administration at the conventional human dose showed approximately 100-fold dose sparing by supraciliary injection for both drugs. A safety study showed that the kinetics of IOP elevation immediately after supraciliary and intravitreal injection of placebo formulations were similar. Conclusions. This study introduced the use of targeted drug delivery to the supraciliary space by using a microneedle and demonstrated dramatic dose sparing of antiglaucoma therapeutic agents compared to topical eye drops. Targeted delivery in this way can increase safety by reducing side effects and could allow a single injection to contain enough drug for long-term sustained delivery. PMID:25212782

Dynamic detection of non-protein-bound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches.

PubMed

Tang, Huaibo; Yan, Miao; Li, Huande; Xun, Tianrong; Deng, Yang; Zhao, Yeye; Deng, Long

2014-04-01

Semen Strychni, a known toxic drug in Chinese pharmacopoeia, is notable for its therapeutic effects on local muscle and joint pain. However, oral administration can be risky. Topically administered drugs accumulate in the topical muscles and knee joints without any major increase in plasma levels; only non-protein-bound drugs in the biological fluids of target tissues are effective for therapeutic effects. A sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method coupled with a microdialysis technique was developed to determine the non-protein-bound strychnine (Str) and brucine (Bru) in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid microdialysate. The UPLC separation was carried out using a 1.7μm BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (29.5:70.5, v/v) with 0.1% formic acid and 20 mM ammonium acetate in water. The method was validated at concentrations ranging from 0.58 ng/ml to 467.20 ng/ml for Str and from 0.42 ng/ml to 422.40 ng/ml for Bru. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranged from 99.1% to 103.2% for Str and from 95.8% to 108.8% for Bru with intra-day and inter-day precision within 9.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine non-protein-bound Str and Bru, and the analysates concentration remained stable in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches, which indicated that total Strychnos alkaloid patches could substitute for the traditional oral administration of Semen Strychni. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topical drug delivery to the eye: dorzolamide.

PubMed

Loftsson, Thorsteinn; Jansook, Phatsawee; Stefánsson, Einar

2012-11-01

Topically applied carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in eye drop solutions are commonly used to treat glaucoma. However, local eye irritation and multiple daily administrations may hamper their clinical usefulness. Aqueous eye drop formulations that improve their topical bioavailability and reduce their eye irritation can improve their clinical efficacy. Earlier studies showed that dorzolamide and closely related CAIs are more effectively delivered into the eye from acidic eye drop solutions than from comparable neutral solutions. Consequently, dorzolamide was marketed as an aqueous pH 5.6 eye drop solution (Trusopt(®) , Merck). Later, it was shown that increasing the pH of the eye drops from pH 5.6 to physiologic pH significantly reduced their local irritation. Earlier attempts to use cyclodextrins (CDs) as ocular penetration enhancers in dorzolamide eye drop solutions failed since; although the CDs were able to enhance the aqueous solubility of dorzolamide, increasing the pH from 5.6 to physiologic pH reduced the ability of the drug to permeate into the eye. Later, it was discovered that formulating the drug as aqueous dorzolamide/γCD eye drop microparticle suspension resulted in significant bioavailability enhancement. The solid dorzolamide/γCD microparticles are mucoadhesive and release dorzolamide into the aqueous tear fluid for extended time period. Consequently, sustained high dorzolamide concentrations in aqueous humour and various eye tissues were observed after single administration of the aqueous dorzolamide/γCD eye drop microsuspension. The microsuspension has a potential of being developed into a once-a-day eye drop product. This article reviews the physicochemical properties of dorzolamide, its permeation characteristics and topical bioavailability. © 2012 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica © 2012 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.

Leptin promotes wound healing in the oral mucosa.

PubMed

Umeki, Hirochika; Tokuyama, Reiko; Ide, Shinji; Okubo, Mitsuru; Tadokoro, Susumu; Tezuka, Mitsuki; Tatehara, Seiko; Satomura, Kazuhito

2014-01-01

Leptin, a 16 kDa circulating anti-obesity hormone, exhibits many physiological properties. Recently, leptin was isolated from saliva; however, its function in the oral cavity is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of leptin in the oral cavity by focusing on its effect on wound healing in the oral mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine the expression of the leptin receptor (Ob-R) in human/rabbit oral mucosa. To investigate the effect of leptin on wound healing in the oral mucosa, chemical wounds were created in rabbit oral mucosa, and leptin was topically administered to the wound. The process of wound repair was histologically observed and quantitatively analyzed by measuring the area of ulceration and the duration required for complete healing. The effect of leptin on the proliferation, differentiation and migration of human oral mucosal epithelial cells (RT7 cells) was investigated using crystal violet staining, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a wound healing assay, respectively. Ob-R was expressed in spinous/granular cells in the epithelial tissue and vascular endothelial cells in the subepithelial connective tissue of the oral mucosa. Topical administration of leptin significantly promoted wound healing and shortened the duration required for complete healing. Histological analysis of gingival tissue beneath the ulceration showed a denser distribution of blood vessels in the leptin-treated group. Although the proliferation and differentiation of RT7 cells were not affected by leptin, the migration of these cells was accelerated in the presence of leptin. Topically administered leptin was shown to promote wound healing in the oral mucosa by accelerating epithelial cell migration and enhancing angiogenesis around the wounded area. These results strongly suggest that topical administration of leptin may be useful as a treatment to promote wound healing in the oral mucosa.

Intraocular distribution of topically applied hydrophilic and lipophilic substances in rat eyes.

PubMed

Abdul Nasir, Nurul Alimah; Agarwal, Puneet; Agarwal, Renu; Iezhitsa, Igor; Alyautdin, Renad; Nukolova, Natalia N; Chekhonin, Vladimir P; Mohd Ismail, Nafeeza

2016-10-01

Topical administration is the preferred route of drug delivery for ophthalmic ailments. However, poor permeation through ocular surface and significant systemic absorption, makes the topical drug delivery challenging. Furthermore, distribution of topically delivered drugs varies with their physicochemical properties and the type of formulation used. Hence, this study was done to understand the pattern of ocular drug distribution of topically applied hydrophilic and lipophilic substances in two different formulations. 5-Carboxyfluorescein and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate were used as representative candidates for hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, respectively. They were formulated in solution and liposomes. Single drop of either formulation containing hydrophilic or lipophilic substance was instilled topically, unilaterally to rat eyes. Subsequently, rats were sacrificed at 10, 30 and 120 min post-instillation. Eyes were cryosectioned and examined under confocal microscope to determine the fluorescence intensity in ocular tissues. Corneal permeation of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances in both formulations peaked at 30 min post-instillation. Liposomal-lipophilic dye and non-liposomal-hydrophilic dye showed better corneal distribution. Fluorescence was absent in contralateral eyes of non-liposomal-hydrophilic dye-treated animals but was present in contralateral eyes of liposomal-hydrophilic dye-treated animals. Fluorescence in contralateral eyes of liposomal-lipophilic dye-treated animals was significantly higher compared to non-liposomal-lipophilic dye-treated animals. Topically applied liposomal formulation of lipophilic substance provides higher corneal concentration of drug with lesser systemic absorption compared to its solution. For hydrophilic substance, topical use of solution provides greater corneal concentration compared to liposomes which is more likely to be absorbed systemically.

Therapeutic review: is ascorbic acid of value in chromium poisoning and chromium dermatitis?

PubMed

Bradberry, S M; Vale, J A

1999-01-01

Repeated topical exposure to chromium(VI) may cause an allergic contact dermatitis or the formation of chrome ulcers. Systemic toxicity may occur following the ingestion of a chromium(VI) salt, from chromium(VI)-induced skin burns, or from inhalation of chromium(VI) occurring occupationally. Soluble chromium(VI) salts are usually absorbed more easily and cross cell membranes more readily than trivalent chromium salts, and, therefore chromium(VI) is more toxic than chromium(III). In experimental studies, endogenous ascorbic acid in rat lung, liver, and kidney and human plasma, effectively reduces chromium(VI) to chromium(III). The administration of exogenous ascorbic acid has been advocated therefore in the treatment of systemic chromium poisoning and chromium dermatitis to enhance the extracellular reduction of chromium(VI) to the less bioavailable chromium(III). In vitro experiments confirm that the addition of ascorbic acid to plasma containing chromium(VI) leads to a dose-dependent reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). In animal studies, parenteral ascorbic acid 0.5-5 g/kg significantly reduced chromium-induced nephrotoxicity when administered 30 minutes before parenteral sodium dichromate and up to 1 hour after parenteral sodium chromate dosing. Parenteral ascorbic acid 0.5-5 g/kg also reduced mortality when given orally up to 2 hours after oral potassium dichromate dosing. However, the administration of parenteral ascorbic acid more than 2 hours after parenteral chromate in these experimental studies did not protect against renal damage, and parenteral ascorbic acid given 3 hours postparenteral chromate increased toxicity. In addition, there is no confirmed clinical evidence that the administration of ascorbic acid lessens morbidity or mortality in systemic chromium poisoning. A possible reason for the lack of benefit of ascorbic acid when administration is delayed, is that chromium(VI) cellular uptake has occurred prior to ascorbic acid administration. Topical 10% ascorbic acid has been claimed to reduce significantly the healing time of experimentally induced chrome ulcers in guinea pigs. The proposed mechanism is reduction on the skin surface of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). Several case reports suggest that topical ascorbic acid is effective in the management of chromium dermatitis but this has not been confirmed in controlled clinical trials and, moreover, the practical difficulties of frequent application are likely to limit its usefulness. Based on experimental studies, substantial amounts of ascorbic acid would need to be administered, preferably parenterally, soon after exposure to prevent systemic toxicity from chromium(VI) in humans. However, as ascorbic acid is a metabolic precursor of oxalate, the administration of ascorbic acid in high dose could lead to acute oxalate nephropathy, particularly in the presence of renal failure. While smaller doses of ascorbic acid (e.g., 10 g intravenously) are not toxic, such doses probably will not reduce the mortality from systemic chromium poisoning. There is currently insufficient evidence to advocate the use of ascorbic acid in the management of systemic chromium toxicity. Topical ascorbic acid may reduce dermal hexavalent chromium exposure, but this observation must be confirmed in controlled studies.

Essentials of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship: Part 6: Program Administration.

PubMed

Kim, In K; Zuckerbraun, Noel; Kou, Maybelle; Vu, Tien; Levasseur, Kelly; Yen, Kenneth; Chapman, Jennifer; Doughty, Cara; McAneney, Constance; Zaveri, Pavan; Hsu, Deborah

2016-10-01

This article is the sixth in a 7-part series that aims to comprehensively describe the current state and future directions of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship training from the essential requirements to considerations for successfully administering and managing a program to the careers that may be anticipated upon program completion. This article provides a broad overview of administering and supervising a PEM fellowship program. It explores 3 topics: the principles of program administration, committee management, and recommendations for minimum time allocated for PEM fellowship program directors to administer their programs.

The evidence for reducing the pain of administration of local anesthesia and cosmetic injectables.

PubMed

Babamiri, Kajal; Nassab, Reza

2010-09-01

Administration of injections, whether local anesthetic or cosmetic injectable, can result in significant distress and discomfort to patients. This review explores factors that can alleviate anxiety and pain associated with injections including cosmetic injectables. We highlight that many techniques used to reduce pain have only been reported based on anecdotal evidence and small series. The techniques that have been reported to reduce pain, by randomized controlled trials, include pretreatment with topical local anesthetic agents and combined cosmetic injectables with local anesthetics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Healthcare-associated infections: challenges to public health in Brazil.

PubMed

Padoveze, Maria Clara; Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco

2014-12-01

This study presents a critical evaluation of the scientific literature related to this subject, aiming to assess the policies and administrative issues regarding the prevention and magnitude of healthcare-associated infections and discuss the challenges for their prevention in Brazil. The topics discussed included historical and administrative issues, challenges imposed by the characteristics of the healthcare system and the territorial dimension, laboratorial support limitations, costs, institutional culture, professional qualification, and patient engagement. It is urgent to hold a nationwide discussion among government representatives, institutions, and healthcare workers and users to overcome these challenges.

Security for Telecommuting and Broadband Communications: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuhn, D. R.; Tracy, Miles C.; Frankel, Sheila E.

2002-08-01

This document is intended to assist those responsible - users, system administrators, and management - for telecommuting security, by providing introductory information about broadband communication security and policy, security of home office systems, and considerations for system administrators in the central office. It addresses concepts relating to the selection, deployment, and management of broadband communications for a telecommuting user. This document is not intended to provide a mandatory framework for telecommuting or home office broadband communication environments, but rather to present suggested approaches to the topic.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome caused by intranasal steroid use.

PubMed

Dursun, Fatma; Kirmizibekmez, Heves

2017-01-01

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is common after oral steroid use and has also been reported following topical or inhaled use, but it is extremely uncommon after intranasal administration. This is the case of a 6-year-old child who developed Cushing's syndrome after intranasal application of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for a period of 6 months. Pediatricians and other clinical practitioners should be aware that high-dose and long-term nasal steroid administration may cause iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome characterized by complications of glucocorticoid excess as well as serious and even life-threatening complications of adrenal insufficiency.

Minireview: Mechano-Growth Factor: A Putative Product of IGF-I Gene Expression Involved in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Ec in humans) has been the topic of several research studies, particularly in skeletal muscle. It has been proposed that age-related sarcopenia results...performed in elderly men (74 yr old), increases in IGF-IEc mRNA were seen after 5 and 12 wk GH administration or resistance training compared with the...increased after mechanical stress is not entirely clear. In elderly men, IGF-IEc (MGF) mRNA is increased after long-term exer- cise and GH administration but

Questions and Answers: The Education of Exceptional Children. Report Number 73.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hensley, Gene; And Others

Written in question and answer form, the booklet provides brief responses to often asked questions by legislators and educators concerning the education of exceptional children. Among the topics covered are state and federal legislation; planning and accountability; finance; administration, classification, and placement; personnel utilization;…

Looking behind the Veil: Addressing the Enigma of Leadership.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

English, Fenwick W.

This paper claims that leadership, as a topic, has been disguised in behaviorism and obscured by organizational theory and management. The article examines the theories or metanarratives that have dominated educational administration and shows how they have covered and disguised leadership. It argues that the metanarratives--trait theory,…

75 FR 70619 - Standards of Conduct and Referral of Known or Suspected Criminal Violations; Disclosure to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-18

... this ANPRM addresses this topic. E. Remuneration to Boards of Directors in Connection With Conclusion... Meter, Deputy Director, Office of Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive... the disclosure of, certain payments to System institution directors; and Providing audit committees...

Prison-Based Educational Programs: A Content Analysis of Government Documents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piotrowski, Chris; Lathrop, Peter J.

2012-01-01

The literature provides limited, constructive, consensus-based information to correctional officials and administrators on the efficacy of prison-based programs. This study reports an analysis of 8 review government documents, that surveyed the research literature from 1980-2008, on the topic of educational rehabilitation programs available to…

ERCMExpress. Volume 2, Issue 7

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2006

2006-01-01

This issue of ERCMExpress presents the topic "Schools Respond to Infectious Disease." Every year, schools confront a range of infectious diseases such as chicken pox, lice, ringworm and seasonal influenza. In response, faculty and staff work together to control the outbreak, quell fears and dispel rumors. For example, school administrators may…

Teaching: A New Research Look at an Old Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rancifer, Jesse L.

This study used the Good Teaching Survey to identify productive teaching techniques as determined by students, teachers, administrators, and parents that would be more likely to yield desired results in today's schools. Survey topics included: teaching on one's feet; making learning easier; inducing students to learn; accountability for learning;…

Liberal Education in an Interdependent World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gini, Al

2008-01-01

This article presents a keynote address delivered by Al Gini, Professor of Business Ethics in the School of Business Administration at Loyola University in Chicago, at the University Continuing Education Association (UCEA) 93rd Annual Conference, March 26, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana, on the topic of "Liberal Education in an Interdependent…

Ethnic Heritage: Supplemental Readings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Roberta

These supplemental readings are part of a total packet of learning materials on the heritage of Southern agrarians. The readings are prefaced by a story of Southern life told in pictures. The primary source readings cover the following topics: (1) Farmers Unions, (2) Farm Tenancy, (3) Recovery Programs of the Roosevelt Administration, (4) Cotton…

Planning and Troubleshooting Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1994

This reference guide serves as an index for an 11-volume series of handbooks that offer guidelines to school administrators on the application and implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles to education--Total Quality Education (TQE). The topics are listed in alphabetical order to show the corresponding volume and page number(s).…

Reaching the Top in Canadian Librarianship: A Biographical Study of Sex Differences in Career Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Roma M.; Tague, Jean M.

1989-01-01

Presents results of intensive biographical interviews with male and female directors of academic, government, and large public library systems across Canada to examine differences in career paths. Topics discussed include publication record; professional associations; mobility; preprofessional library work experience; administrative preparation;…

Selected Bibliography and Abstracts of Educational Materials in Pakistan, Vol. 15, No. 4, October-December, 1981.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saad, Geti, Comp.

Over 85 government publications, newspaper articles, monographs, and syllabi published between October and December 1981 are cited in this annotated listing. Entries are listed alphabetically by author under the following topics: educational administration, organization, and finance; curriculum; educational planning; examinations; higher…

Selected Bibliography and Abstracts of Educational Materials in Pakistan, Vol. 15, No. 3, July-September, 1981.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saad, Geti, Comp.

Government publications, newspaper articles, monographs, and syllabi published between July and September 1981 and dealing with Pakistani education are cited in this annotated listing. Entries are organized by the following topics: educational administration, organization, and financing; curriculum; educational development; educational goals,…

Illinois School Code, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Association of School Boards, Springfield.

This text consists of numerous statutes selected by the Illinois Association of School Boards' staff for their relevance to public school governance and administration. The publication covers legislation enacted as of January 1, 1998, and includes a myriad of education-related topics. The bulk of the text focuses on schools themselves, featuring…

Efficiency in Resource Utilization in Education. Education and Development Technical Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France). Directorate for Scientific Affairs.

This volume consists of papers presented at a meeting of scientific and technical personnel who examined and evaluated applications of systems analysis and operational research, and who related techniques to practical educational planning. Topics represent a variety of new management techniques available to educational administrators including…

Bilingual/Bicultural Education: Titles and Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Univ., Los Angeles. National Dissemination and Assessment Center.

Dissertation abstracts describing research on a wide variety of topics in bilingual education are presented. This publication is designed to provide background material for bilingual educators as well as practical procedures for bilingual teachers, administrators, counselors, and evaluators. The titles were acquired by using the two broad…

New Mexico Statewide Assessment Program (NMSAP) Procedures Manual, 2007-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Mexico Public Education Department, 2007

2007-01-01

This manual has been prepared for all New Mexico Statewide Assessment Program (NMSAP) assessment administrators, teachers, school specialists, and principals. It includes information about the following topics: PED contacts, New Mexico Standards Based Assessments (SBA), Grades 3-8 and 11; New Mexico High School Competency Examination (NMHSCE);…

Developing and Implementing a Voluntary Personal Computer Program in the Business School: One College's Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darter, Marvin E.; Wise, Donald E.

1989-01-01

Describes the experiences of Rider College School of Business Administration in implementing the use of microcomputers for courses in the business curriculum. Topics discussed include student purchase of microcomputers; cost effectiveness; software considerations; security for student equipment; printers; large screen projection facilities; and…

Zeitschrift fur erziehungs--und sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung (Journal for Education and Social Sciences Research), 1984-1988 (11 issues).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeitschrift fur erziehungs--und socialwissenschaftliche Forschung (Journal for Education and Social Sciences Research), 1984

1984-01-01

Recognizing a growing globalization of nations and cultures, "Zeitschrift fur erziehungs--und sozialwissenchaftliche Forschung" brings together educational and social science research topics that address the interactions between education and society in their pedagogical, social, physical, economic, legal, and administrative dimensions.…

EDUCAUSE '99: Celebrating New Beginnings. [Proceedings] (Long Beach, California, October 26-29, 1999).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUCAUSE, Washington, DC.

This proceedings of the 1999 EDUCAUSE Conference contains papers presented in six tracks: Building the New Information Technology Foundation and Infrastructure; Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Learning; Renewing Administrative Services; Outreach, Public Service, and New Communities; Advancing the Leading Edge; and the EDUCAUSE Track. Topics of…

21 CFR 333.320 - Permitted combinations of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Permitted combinations of active ingredients. 333.320 Section 333.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Topical Acne Drug Products § 333.320 Permitted combinations of active ingredients. (a) Resorcinol...

21 CFR 333.320 - Permitted combinations of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permitted combinations of active ingredients. 333.320 Section 333.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Topical Acne Drug Products § 333.320 Permitted combinations of active ingredients. (a) Resorcinol...

21 CFR 333.320 - Permitted combinations of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Permitted combinations of active ingredients. 333.320 Section 333.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Topical Acne Drug Products § 333.320 Permitted combinations of active ingredients. (a) Resorcinol...

21 CFR 333.320 - Permitted combinations of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Permitted combinations of active ingredients. 333.320 Section 333.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Topical Acne Drug Products § 333.320 Permitted combinations of active ingredients. (a) Resorcinol...

14 CFR 65.61 - Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and minimum hours.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and minimum hours. 65.61 Section 65.61 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... aircraft dispatcher certification course must: (1) Provide instruction in the areas of knowledge and topics...

14 CFR 65.61 - Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and minimum hours.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and minimum hours. 65.61 Section 65.61 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... aircraft dispatcher certification course must: (1) Provide instruction in the areas of knowledge and topics...

A Research Partnership: Experience in Washington County PA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vukotich, Charles J., Jr.; Lani, Grace M.

2018-01-01

Schools are valuable venues for research institutions. Research can also be beneficial to public schools. School administrators should be proactive in identifying research topics and establishing standards and expectations for the university researchers. This article describes the partnership between a university researcher and a K-12 director of…

Retention Assessment of Core Operations Management Topics for Business Administration Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koppel, Nicole B.; Hollister, Kimberly Killmer

2009-01-01

To meet the new AACSB International standards regarding retention assessment and adequately determine "if and what students are learning," this research presents a framework within which expected learning outcomes and specific learning are assessed. This paper presents the framework and describes how the process can be implemented with…

77 FR 50514 - Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

...] Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal Throughout the... Administration (FDA) is announcing the following public workshop entitled ``Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal Throughout the Total Product Life Cycle.'' The topics...