Le Monde’s Perception of the U.S.-Soviet Strategic Balance: An Update for 1979-1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

ICBMs in silos comprised 56 percent of their launchers [ lanceurs ], 75 percent of their warheads [ogives], and 70 percent of their throw-weight. For the... structures , in-place protection of one part of the population (about 20 million inhabitants) is anticipated, and the movement of the rest to less

The EUTELSAT II satellites: Europe's seeds in communication and TV distribution game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgio, C.; Soula, J. L.; Dumesnil, J. J.

1989-08-01

The state-of-the-art satellite EUTELSAT II, developed by Aerospatiale and its industrial partners, is designed to provide Ku-band communication and television distribution services with 16 active channels accessible simultaneously to all users over the whole of Europe. Reconfigurable antenna-feed networks permits zoom operation on all 16 channels offering enhanced EIRP over the central part of Europe for TV distribution purposes. The satellite is designed to be fully operational during eclipse and to be compatible with Ariane IV. High satellite reliability and availability are achieved by the use of 8/12 amplifier ring redundancy during and beyond the 7 year life. The payload design makes use of only two antennas for all communications transmit and receive functions. This resulted in a great simplification of the repeater configuration and provides operational flexibility. The platform is directly derived from the Aerospatiale-MBB Spacebus 100 family (Arabsat heritage). Aerospatiale Telecommunications Programme Office, located in Cannes (France) is the prime contractor of the industrial team, Aeritalia, ATES, CASA, Contraves, Crouzet, ERA, ETCA, MBB, MSS, SEP. First flight model delivery in November 1989 has been a key factor in shaping both technical and management approaches to the programme.

On-orbit demonstration of automated closure and capture using ESA-developed proximity operations technologies and an existing, serviceable NASA Explorer Platform spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hohwiesner, Bill; Claudinon, Bernard

1991-01-01

The European Space Agency (ESA) has been working to develop an autonomous rendezvous and docking capability since 1984 to enable Hermes to automatically dock with Columbus. As a result, ESA with Matra, MBB, and other space companies have developed technologies that are also directly supportive of the current NASA initiative for Automated Rendezvous and Capture. Fairchild and Matra would like to discuss the results of the applicable ESA/Matra rendezvous and capture developments, and suggest how these capabilities could be used, together with an existing NASA Explorer Platform satellite, to minimize new development and accomplish a cost effective automatic closure and capture demonstration program. Several RV sensors have been developed at breadboard level for the Hermes/Columbus program by Matra, MBB, and SAAB. Detailed algorithms for automatic rendezvous, closure, and capture have been developed by ESA and CNES for application with Hermes to Columbus rendezvous and docking, and they currently are being verified with closed-loop software simulation. The algorithms have multiple closed-loop control modes and phases starting at long range using GPS navigation. Differential navigation is used for coast/continuous thrust homing, holdpoint acquisition, V-bar hopping, and station point acquisition. The proximity operation sensor is used for final closure and capture. A subset of these algorithms, comprising the proximity operations algorithms, could easily be extracted and tailored to a limited objective closure and capture flight demonstration.

Sensor fusion: lane marking detection and autonomous intelligent cruise control system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baret, Marc; Baillarin, S.; Calesse, C.; Martin, Lionel

1995-12-01

In the past few years MATRA and RENAULT have developed an Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (AICC) system based on a LIDAR sensor. This sensor incorporating a charge coupled device was designed to acquire pulsed laser diode emission reflected by standard car reflectors. The absence of moving mechanical parts, the large field of view, the high measurement rate and the very good accuracy for distance range and angular position of targets make this sensor very interesting. It provides the equipped car with the distance and the relative speed of other vehicles enabling the safety distance to be controlled by acting on the throttle and the automatic gear box. Experiments in various real traffic situations have shown the limitations of this kind of system especially on bends. All AICC sensors are unable to distinguish between a bend and a change of lane. This is easily understood if we consider a road without lane markings. This fact has led MATRA to improve its AICC system by providing the lane marking information. Also in the scope of the EUREKA PROMETHEUS project, MATRA and RENAULT have developed a lane keeping system in order to warn of the drivers lack of vigilance. Thus, MATRA have spread this system to far field lane marking detection and have coupled it with the AICC system. Experiments will be carried out on roads to estimate the gain in performance and comfort due to this fusion.

76 FR 21917 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-19

... CONTACT: Candi Bing, (202) 314-6403 or by e- mail at [email protected] . Dated: April 15, 2011. Candi R. Bing... Unstabilized Approach, Empire Airlines Flight 8284, Avions de Transport R[eacute]gional Aerospatiale Alenia ATR...

Flight operations noise tests of eight helicopters

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-08-01

This document presents acoustical data and flight path information acquired during the FAA/HAI Helicopter Flight Operations Noise Test Program. 'As-measured' noise levels of the Aerospatiale 365N, Agusta 109A, Bell 206L-1 and 222A, Hughes 500D, MBB B...

French Nuclear Forces in the 1980s and 1990s

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

the mid-1990s, the new force structure will be theoretically capable of inflicting massive destruc- tion against the Soviet Union as well as...capacity which turns national territory into a sanctuary. The current French nuclear force structure is shown in table 1 below. -2- TABLE 1 FRENCH...out in favor of the M-2 in 1974 which by 1977 had itself been supplanted by the M-20. The first Sous-marin Nucleaire Lanceur d’Engins I (SNLE) or

Progress in industrial holography in France

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smigielski, Paul

1992-01-01

Industrial applications of holography in France are briefly reviewed. Particular attention is given to nondestructive testing of helicopter blades at Aerospatiale Central Laboratory, the use of holography at Renault for car-engine vibration study, vibration characterization of turbo-jet engine components at SNECMA, and vibration analysis of plates in an industrial hemodynamic tunnel.

A new European small platform: Proteus and prospected optical application missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubois, J.-B.; Paoli, F.

2018-04-01

Progress in technology in recent years and new industrial approaches now make it possible to design valuable optical missions using a small-class satellite, like the PROTEUS multi mission platform. Some future space optical missions using existing or planned instruments, combined with the PROTEUS platform, have been assessed by AEROSPATIALE / SPACE and DEFENSE and/or the CNES (French National Space Agency).

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-22

the Aerospatiale study group for advanced supersonic aircraft projects , stated in Toulouse: " It could be flying in 10 years...lire of its own funds in the project since 1985, when the Integrated Group responsible for development of the AMX provided information on a...ambitious projects , that the industrial group creating it will prove to be the most qualified to handle the other

Towards a new generation of mission planning systems: Flexibility and performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gasquet, A.; Parrod, Y.; Desaintvincent, A.

1994-01-01

This paper presents some new approaches which are required for a better adequacy of Mission Planning Systems. In particular, the performance flexibility and genericity issues are discussed based on experience acquired through various Mission Planning systems developed by Matra Marconi Space.

Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 14 on Suitable Averaging Techniques in Non-Uniform Internal Flows

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

PANEL WORKING GROUP 14 on SUITABLE AVERAGING TECHNIQUES IN NON-UNIFORM INTERNAL FLOWS Edited by M.Pianko Office National d’Etudes et de...d’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales Pratt and Whitney Government Products Division Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International , Inc. Teledyne CAE...actions exerted by individual components on the gas flow must be known. These specific component effects are distributed internally within the

NATO Standardization and Licensing Policy-Exploratory Phase. Volume 3. Supplement

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-30

Aerospatiale will perform at least half the production of this aircraft.* The concept involves a relatively light- weight advanced interceptor with...a ratio of total thrust to takeoff gross weight of about unity. The technology of the aircraft calls for the use of carbon fiber in selected...presenting a system with operating temperatures, pressure ratios, and thrust-to- weight ratios roughly comparable to U.S. technology. The

The Typology and Dialectology of Romani.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matras, Yaron, Ed.; Bakker, Peter, Ed.; Kyuchukov, Hristo, Ed.

Papers on typology and dialects of the Romani language include: "Athematic Morphology in Romani: The Borrowing of a Borrowing Pattern" (Peter Bakker); "Towards a Morphology-Based Typology of Romani" (Viktor Elsik); "The Typology of Case Relations and Case Layer Distribution in Romani" (Yaron Matras); "Object…

AGARD Highlights 90/2. Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

entreprises the services of sub-contractors is a sous-traitantes est un axe prioritaire de priority objective in Aerospatiale la strat ~ gie industrielle...and Design Council which d’arrter la politique genDrale et de decides overall policy and indicates the choisir les orientations des tudes directions...policy of sur la politique de prototypes, donne A prototypes, succeeded in getting the ’EAT une vocation et une place

JPRS report: Science and Technology. Europe and Latin America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1988-01-01

Articles from the popular and trade press are included on the following subjects: advanced materials, aerospace industry, automotive industry, biotechnology, computers, factory automation and robotics, microelectronics, and science and technology policy. The aerospace articles discuss briefly and in a nontechnical way the SAGEM bubble memories for space applications, Ariane V new testing facilities, innovative technologies of TDF-1 satellite, and the restructuring of the Aviation Division at France's Aerospatiale.

Modeling of Flow Blockage in a Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Subassembly with a Subchannel Analysis Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jeong, Hae-Yong; Ha, Kwi-Seok; Chang, Won-Pyo

The local blockage in a subassembly of a liquid metal-cooled reactor (LMR) is of importance to the plant safety because of the compact design and the high power density of the core. To analyze the thermal-hydraulic parameters in a subassembly of a liquid metal-cooled reactor with a flow blockage, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed the MATRA-LMR-FB code. This code uses the distributed resistance model to describe the sweeping flow formed by the wire wrap around the fuel rods and to model the recirculation flow after a blockage. The hybrid difference scheme is also adopted for the descriptionmore » of the convective terms in the recirculating wake region of low velocity. Some state-of-the-art turbulent mixing models were implemented in the code, and the models suggested by Rehme and by Zhukov are analyzed and found to be appropriate for the description of the flow blockage in an LMR subassembly. The MATRA-LMR-FB code predicts accurately the experimental data of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory 19-pin bundle with a blockage for both the high-flow and low-flow conditions. The influences of the distributed resistance model, the hybrid difference method, and the turbulent mixing models are evaluated step by step with the experimental data. The appropriateness of the models also has been evaluated through a comparison with the results from the COMMIX code calculation. The flow blockage for the KALIMER design has been analyzed with the MATRA-LMR-FB code and is compared with the SABRE code to guarantee the design safety for the flow blockage.« less

NASA Radiation Belt Models AP-8 and AE-8

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-30

MeV). The quiet day solar cycle variation is defined by taking the ratio of the omni-directional flux measured from solar minimum to a standard...Note 1: Model Evaluation, TREND issued at IASB , Printed at MATRA, ESTEC/Contract #8011/88/NIJMAC, 28 June 1989. "Models of the Trapped Radiation

White Light Stray Light Test of the SOHO UVCS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, L. N.; Gardner, L. N.; Fineschi, S.

1998-01-01

During the late stages of the integration phase of the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) instrument for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) at MATRA-Marconi in Toulouse, France, SOHO Project management at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) became concerned that the elaborate stray light rejection system for the instrument had not been tested and might possibly be misaligned such that the instrument could not deliver promised scientific returns. A white light stray light test, which would place an upper bound on the value of UVCS's stray light rejection capability, was commissioned, conceived, and carried out. This upper bound value would be indicative of the weakest coronal features the spectrometer would be capable of discerning. The test was rapidly developed at GSFC in coordination with science team members from Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CFA) and was carried out at MATRA in late February 1995. The outcome of this test helped to justify similar, much desired tests with visible and far ultraviolet light at CFA in a facility specifically designed to perform such testing.

Benefits of advanced software techniques for mission planning systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gasquet, A.; Parrod, Y.; Desaintvincent, A.

1994-01-01

The increasing complexity of modern spacecraft, and the stringent requirement for maximizing their mission return, call for a new generation of Mission Planning Systems (MPS). In this paper, we discuss the requirements for the Space Mission Planning and the benefits which can be expected from Artificial Intelligence techniques through examples of applications developed by Matra Marconi Space.

Benefits of advanced software techniques for mission planning systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasquet, A.; Parrod, Y.; Desaintvincent, A.

1994-10-01

The increasing complexity of modern spacecraft, and the stringent requirement for maximizing their mission return, call for a new generation of Mission Planning Systems (MPS). In this paper, we discuss the requirements for the Space Mission Planning and the benefits which can be expected from Artificial Intelligence techniques through examples of applications developed by Matra Marconi Space.

Aerospace Technology: Technical Data and Information on Foreign Test Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-22

effects of an airflow on various active models (nozzles or rotors ) or pas- sive models (airfoils). It is specially dedicated to acoustic testing driven by...Tunnel Figure V.3: Aerospatiale Rotor Test Bench and 99 Microphones Installed Inside Test Chamber of the CEPRA 19 Anechoic Wind Tunnel Figure V.4...Figure V.26: Ground Effect Test on Airbus A320 Model in 127 Test Section of the ONERA S1MA Wind Tunnel Figure V.27: ONERA S3Ch Transonic Wind Tunnel 130

Water vapour and wind measurements by a two micron space lidar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghibaudo, J.-B.; Labandibar, J.-Y.

2018-04-01

AEROSPATIALE presents the main results of the feasibility study under ESA contract on a coherent 2μm lidar instrument capable of measuring water vapour and wind velocity in the planetary boundary layer. The selected instrument configuration and the associated performance are provided, and the main critical subsystems identified (laser configuration, coherent receiver chain architecture, frequency locking and offsetting architecture. The second phase of this study is dedicated to breadboard the most critical elements of such an instrument in order to technologically consolidate its feasibility.

EADS Roadmap for Launch Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eymar, Patrick; Grimard, Max

2002-01-01

still think about the future, especially at industry level in order to make the most judicious choices in technologies, vehicle types as well as human resources and facilities specialization (especially after recent merger moves). and production as prime contractor, industrial architect or stage provider have taken benefit of this expertise and especially of all the studies ran under national funding and own financing on reusable vehicles and ground/flight demonstrators have analyzed several scenarios. VEHICLES/ASTRIUM SI strategy w.r.t. launch vehicles for the two next decades. Among the main inputs taken into account of course visions of the market evolutions have been considered, but also enlargement of international cooperations and governments requests and supports (e.g. with the influence of large international ventures). 1 patrick.eymar@lanceurs.aeromatra.com 2

Influence of a new generation of operations support systems on current spacecraft operations philosophy: The users feedback

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darroy, Jean Michel

1993-01-01

Current trends in the spacecraft mission operations area (spacecraft & mission complexity, project duration, required flexibility are requiring a breakthrough for what concerns philosophy, organization, and support tools. A major evolution is related to space operations 'informationalization', i.e adding to existing operations support & data processing systems a new generation of tools based on advanced information technologies (object-oriented programming, artificial intelligence, data bases, hypertext) that automate, at least partially, operations tasks that used be performed manually (mission & project planning/scheduling, operations procedures elaboration & execution, data analysis & failure diagnosis). All the major facets of this 'informationalization' are addressed at MATRA MARCONI SPACE, operational applications were fielded and generic products are becoming available. These various applications have generated a significant feedback from the users (at ESA, CNES, ARIANESPACE, MATRA MARCONI SPACE), which is now allowing us to precisely measure how the deployment of this new generation of tools, that we called OPSWARE, can 'reengineer' current spacecraft mission operations philosophy, how it can make space operations faster, better, and cheaper. This paper can be considered as an update of the keynote address 'Knowledge-Based Systems for Spacecraft Control' presented during the first 'Ground Data Systems for Spacecraft Control' conference in Darmstadt, June 1990, with a special emphasis on these last two years users feedback.

Europe/Latin America Report, Science and Technology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-30

characteristics and requirements of each machine tool. The processor is available in different models--ATP/T, ATP/2D, and ATP/ 3D — which provide solutions for...declared. Compugraf Sistemas e Tecnologia of Sao Paulo (SP) is showing the Euclid CAD/CAM system at EXPOCON. The system was developed by Matra...MXT 1001 programable mincontroller. Jaime Trinidade Nunes Calado, manager of the Proceda Tecnologia S.A. branch in Sao Paulo, pointed out the activity

Prediction of SA 349/2 GV blade loads in high speed flight using several rotor analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaubert, Michel; Yamauchi, Gloria K.

1987-01-01

The influence of blade dynamics, dynamic stall, and transonic aerodynamics on the predictions of rotor loads in high-speed flight are presented. Data were obtained from an Aerospatiale Gazelle SA 349/2 helicopter with three Grande Vitesse blades. Several analyses are used for this investigation. First, blade dynamics effects on the correlation are studied using three rotor analyses which differ mainly in the method of calculating the blade elastic response. Next, an ONERA dynamic stall model is used to predict retreating blade stall. Finally, advancing blade aerodynamic loads are calculated using a NASA-developed rotorcraft analysis coupled with two transonic finite-difference analyses.

Avionics system design for requirements for the United States Coast Guard HH-65A Dolphin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, D. A.

1984-01-01

Aerospatiale Helicopter Corporation (AHC) was awarded a contract by the United States Coast Guard for a new Short Range Recovery (SRR) Helicopter on 14 June 1979. The award was based upon an overall evaluation of performance, cost, and technical suitability. In this last respect, the SRR helicopter was required to meet a wide variety of mission needs for which the integrated avionics system has a high importance. This paper illustrates the rationale for the avionics system requirements, the system architecture, its capabilities and reliability and its adaptability to a wide variety of military and commercial purposes.

Nanotechnology Aerospace Applications (Applications aerospatiales de la nanotechnologie) (CD-ROM)

DTIC Science & Technology

ABSTRACT: The Educational Notes contain the abstracts and the lecture material of ten presentations, which provide a general introduction into... commercialisation . The lectures were held in October and November 2006 in four cities, namely Seattle, USA, Montreal, CAN, Ljubljana, SVN, and Bordeaux, FRA. The

Tracks for Eastern/Western European Future Launch Vehicles Cooperation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eymar, Patrick; Bertschi, Markus

2002-01-01

exclusively upon Western European elements indigenously produced. Yet some private initiatives took place successfully in the second half of the nineties (Eurockot and Starsem) bringing together companies from Western and Eastern Europe. Evolution of these JV's are already envisioned. But these ventures relied mostly on already existing vehicles. broadening the bases in order to enlarge the reachable world market appears attractive, even if structural difficulties are complicating the process. had recently started to analyze, with KSRC counterparts how mixing Russian and Western European based elements would provide potential competitive edges. and RKA in the frame of the new ESA's Future Launch Preparatory Programme (FLPP). main technical which have been considered as the most promising (reusable LOx/Hydrocarbon engine, experimental reentry vehicles or demonstrators and reusable launch vehicle first stage or booster. international approach. 1 patrick.eymar@lanceurs.aeromatra.com 2

Hub and blade structural loads measurements of an SA349/2 helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yamauchi, Gloria K.; Heffernan, Ruth M.; Gaubert, Michel

1988-01-01

Data from 23 flight conditions, including level flights ranging from advance ratio mu = 0.14 to 0.37 and steady turning flights from advance ratio mu = 0.26 to 0.35, are presented for an Aerospatiale SA349/2 Gazelle helicopter. The data include hub loads data (for 6 of the 23 conditions), blade structural data at eleven different blade radial stations, and fuselage structural data. All dynamic data are presented as harmonic analysis coefficients (ten harmonics per rotor revolution). The data acquisition and reduction procedures are also documented. Blade structural and inertial properties are provided in addition to control system geometry and properties.

Controle d'attitude d'un lanceur en phase atmospherique approche par applications gardiennes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubanchet, Vincent

In a first phase, the modelling process underlines the presence of highly time varying parameters during the ascent, due to a fast mass variation along with propellant consumption. Linearizing the dynamical equations at six main flight instants yields linear time invariant models to be considered during control design. Each of them is to be stabilized by one control law, while respecting given specifications. The synthesis becomes even more complex when the bending modes are taken into account. Moreover, scheduling appears necessary to deal with the time variations. Indeed it is shown that no single gain setting is able to respect all the specifications along the trajectory. Furthermore, increasing complexity when modelling a whole launch vehicle pushes one to consider the model's errors and uncertainties. They represent a major issue in this study since it is asked to ensure the nominal performances in a robust fashion. Owing to their properties, guardian maps appear to be the most suitable tool to deal with such a problem of scheduling with robust performances. In light of this, the development of synthesis methods based on guardian maps is the main contribution of the project. It appears that actual state of the art in this field is focused on theoretical issues, whereas practical ones could be improved. Two approches are presented in the memoire. The first one is based on a graphical approach consisting in drawing the vanishing locus of guardian maps. A program using image analysis techniques is devised to check automatically which gain settings satisfy the constraints. The second one is based on an optimisation procedure involving guardian maps. Starting with the open loop system, the iterative process proposed ends up with a satisfactory gain setting for the closed-loop. These methods are tried and tested for the launch vehicle, with specifications from ASTRIUM-ST. Their practical application is motivated by the system complexity, the different kinds of constraints and the essential need for robustness. Many restrictions that finally bring about the interest and the efficiency of guardian maps for such a problem.

Cardiopulmonary Aspects in Aerospace Medicine (Les Aspects Cardiopulmonaires en Medecine Aerospatiale)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

aviators from continued flying duties. Surgical, Necropsy, and Forensic Material", Br Heart J 40, p 468, 1978. The ultimate disposition for all aviators... Hypnosis , acupuncture and other measures are often tried but appear to have a low long-term success rate. 6. Eriksson S. Pulmonary emphysema and alpha-l

The common case study: Lockheed design of a supersonic cruise vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clauss, J. S., Jr.; Hays, A. P.; Wilson, J. R.

1978-01-01

The objective was to compare the characteristics of SSTs designed for the same mission by Lockheed, McDonnell Douglas, British Aerospace (U.K.), Aerospatiale (France), and the USSR. This comparison was to be used to calibrate parametric design studies of the tradeoff between SST direct operating cost (DOC) and noise levels at the FAR 36 certification points. The guidelines for this common case study were to design an aircraft with the following mission: payload 23 247 kg (51 250 lbm), range - 7000 km (3780 n. mi.), and cruise Mach number - 2.2. Field length was constrained to 3505 m (11 500 ft). Other airfield constraints and fuel reserves were also specified, but no noise constraints were applied.

Deployment hinge using wraparound strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blanc, Eric

1992-01-01

Aerospatiale developed a new appendage deployment concept called AMEDE (French acronym for improvement of deployment mechanisms) with a view toward increased simplicity and functional reliability. This new concept, applicable to the deployment of any type of spaceborne appendage (in particular to solar arrays), enables deployment without synchronization or speed regulation devices. On the other hand, it requires the use of hinges with low driving or resistive torques. The AMEDE concept is compared with the conventional deployment concept. The conceptual and functional principles for the ADELE hinge are presented, as well as the hinges' main characteristics. The development status of both the AMEDE concept and the ADELE (French acronym for deployment hinge using wraparound strips) hinge are addressed.

Hub loads analysis of the SA349/2 helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heffernan, R. M.; Yamauchi, G. K.; Gaubert, M.; Johnson, W.

1988-01-01

The forces and moments at the rotor hub of an Aerospatiale SA349/2 helicopter were investigated. The study included three main topics. First, measured hub forces and moments for a range of level flight conditions (mu = 0.14 to 0.37) were compared with predictions from a comprehensive rotorcraft analysis to examine the influence of the wake model on the correlations. Second, the effect of changing the blade mass distribution and blade chordwise center of gravity location on the 3/rev nonrotating frame hub loads was studied for a high-speed flight condition (mu = 0.37). Third, the use of higher harmonic control to reduce nonrotating frame 3/rev hub shear forces was investigated. The last two topics were theoretical studies only.

KSC-97PC1024

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-10

A Daimler-Benz Aerospace staff member installs thermal blanket insulation on the back cover of the Huygens probe in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at KSC in July. Instruments mounted on the probe, which is owned by the European Space Agency (ESA), will receive atmospheric and surface data on Saturn’s main moon, Titan, to send back to Earth as part of the Cassini mission. The back cover, yet to be attached to the Cassini orbiter, will protect the probe during descent onto Titan. A four-year, close-up study of the Saturnian system, the mission is scheduled for launch from Cape Canaveral Air Station in October 1997. It will take seven years for the spacecraft to reach Saturn. Aerospatiale is the prime contractor for ESA

La Recherche Aerospatiale, Bimonthly Bulletin, no. 1982-6, 211/November-Decemter 1982

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sevestre, C.

1983-04-01

A modular method for centrifugal compressor performance prediction is presented. Cyclic hardening of stainless steel under complex loading is described. Fatigue failure microinitiation, micropropagation and damage is considered. The stability of a tilting rotor aircraft model is studied. The thermal stability of titanium alloys is investigated. A compensator for thermal effects on quartz oscillators is described.

History of infrared optronics in France

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fouilloy, J. P.; Siriex, Michel B.

1995-09-01

In France, the real start of work on the applications of infrared radiations occurred around 1947 - 1948. During many years, technological research was performed in the field of detectors, optical material, modulation techniques, and a lot of measurements were made in order to acquire a better knowledge of the propagation medium and radiation of IR sources, namely those of jet engines. The birth of industrial infrared activities in France started with the Franco-German missile guidance programs: Milan, HOT, Roland and the French air to air missile seeker programs: R530, MAGIC. At these early stages of IR technologies development, it was a great technical adventure for both the governmental agencies and industry to develop: detector technology with PbS and InSb, detector cooling for 3 - 5 micrometer wavelength range, optical material transparent in the infrared, opto mechanical design, signal processing and related electronic technologies. Etablissement Jean Turck and SAT were the pioneers associated with Aerospatiale, Matra and under contracts from the French Ministry of Defence (DGA). In the 60s, the need arose to enhance night vision capability of equipment in service with the French Army. TRT was chosen by DGA to develop the first thermal imagers: LUTHER 1, 2, and 3 with an increasing number of detectors and image frequency rate. This period was also the era in which the SAT detector made rapid advance. After basic work done in the CNRS and with the support of DGA, SAT became the world leader of MCT photovoltaic detector working in the 8 to 12 micron waveband. From 1979, TRT and SAT were given the responsibility for the joint development and production of the first generation French thermal imaging modular system so-called SMT. Now, THOMSON TTD Optronique takes over the opto-electronics activities of TRT. Laser based systems were also studied for military application using YAG type laser and CO2 laser: Laboratoire de Marcousis, CILAS, THOMSON CSF and SAT have

Human factor implications of the Eurocopter AS332L-1 Super Puma cockpit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Padfield, R. Randall

1993-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe some of the human factor problems which can occur in the cockpit of a modern civilian helicopter. After examining specific hardware and software problems in the cockpit design of the Eurocopter (Aerospatiale) AS332L-1 Super Puma, the author proposes several principles that can be used to avoid similar human factors problems in the design of future cockpits. These principles relate to the use and function of warning lights, the design of autopilots in two-pilot aircraft, and the labeling of switches and warning lights, specifically with respect to abbreviations and translations from languages other than English. In the final section of the paper, the author describes current trends in society which he suggests should be taken into consideration when designing future aircraft cockpits.

Towards an operational fault isolation expert system for French telecommunication satellite Telecom 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haziza, M.

1990-10-01

The DIAMS satellite fault isolation expert system shell concept is described. The project, initiated in 1985, has led to the development of a prototype Expert System (ES) dedicated to the Telecom 1 attitude and orbit control system. The prototype ES has been installed in the Telecom 1 satellite control center and evaluated by Telecom 1 operations. The development of a fault isolation ES covering a whole spacecraft (the French telecommunication satellite Telecom 2) is currently being undertaken. Full scale industrial applications raise stringent requirements in terms of knowledge management and software development methodology. The approach used by MATRA ESPACE to face this challenge is outlined.

Implementation en VHDl/FPGA d'afficheur video numerique (AVN) pour des applications aerospatiales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pelletier, Sebastien

L'objectif de ce projet est de developper un controleur video en langage VHDL afin de remplacer la composante specialisee presentement utilisee chez CMC Electronique. Une recherche approfondie des tendances et de ce qui se fait actuellement dans le domaine des controleurs video est effectuee afin de definir les specifications du systeme. Les techniques d'entreposage et d'affichage des images sont expliquees afin de mener ce projet a terme. Le nouveau controleur est developpe sur une plateforme electronique possedant un FPGA, un port VGA et de la memoire pour emmagasiner les donnees. Il est programmable et prend peu d'espace dans un FPGA, ce qui lui permet de s'inserer dans n'importe quelle nouvelle technologie de masse a faible cout. Il s'adapte rapidement a toutes les resolutions d'affichage puisqu'il est modulaire et configurable. A court terme, ce projet permettra un controle ameliore des specifications et des normes de qualite liees aux contraintes de l'avionique.

Noise measurement flight test: Data-analyses Aerospatiale SA-365N Dauphin 2 helicopter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newman, J. S.; Rickely, E. J.; Daboin, S. A.; Beattie, K. R.

1984-04-01

This report documents the results of a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) noise measurement flight test program with the Dauphin twin-jet helicopter. The report contains documentary sections describing the acoustical characteristics of the subject helicopter and provides analyses and discussions addressing topics ranging from acoustical propagation to environmental impact of helicopter noise. This report is the second in a series of seven documenting the FAA helicopter noise measurement program conducted at Dulles International Airport during the summer of 1983. The Dauphin test program involved the acquisition of detailed acoustical, position and meteorological data. This test program was designed to address a series of objectives including: (1) acquisition of acoustical data for use in assessing heliport environment impact, (2) documentation of directivity characteristics for static operation of helicopters, (3) establishment of ground-to-ground and air-to-ground acoustical propagation relationships for helicopters, (4) determination of noise event duration influences on energy dose acoustical metrics, (5) examination of the differences between noise measured by a surface mounted microphone and a microphone mounted at a height of four feet (1.2 meters), and (6) documentation of noise levels acquired using international helicopter noise certification test procedures.

Model of the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein family of deposits - Applications in Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Drew, L.J.

2003-01-01

A tectonic model useful in estimating the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper and polymetallic vein systems has been developed. This model is based on the manner in which magmatic and hydrothermal fluids flow and are trapped in fault systems as far-field stress is released in tectonic strain features above subducting plates (e.g. strike-slip fault systems). The structural traps include preferred locations for stock emplacement and tensional-shear fault meshes within the step-overs that localize porphyry- and vein-style deposits. The application of the model is illustrated for the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Central Slovakian Volcanic Field, Slovakia; the Ma??tra Mountains, Hungary; and the Apuseni Mountains, Romania.

Fbis report. Science and technology: Economic review, September 19, 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-09-19

;Partial Contents: Germany: Braunschweig University Tests Organic Semiconductors; France: Ariane-5 Tests Suspended; First Tests in Euro-Russian RECORD Rocket Engine Program; France: Renault`s Multi-Model Assembly Line Presented; Germany: New High Speed Trains Under Development; France: Matra Test Drone, Missile Systems; France: Experimental Project for Automobile Recycling; Germany: Survey of Flexible Manufacturing Developments; Germany: Heinrich Hertz Institute Produces Polymer-Based Circuit; French Firms Introduce Computerized Control Room for Nuclear Plants; German Machine Tool Industry Calls for Information Technology Projects; Germany: R&D Achievements in Digital HDTV Reported; Hungary: Secondary Telecommunications Networks Described; EU: Mergers in Pharmaceutical Industry Reported; SGS-Thomson Business Performance Analyzed; Germany`s Siemensmore » Invest Heavily in UK Semiconductor Plant.« less

Noise measurement flight test for Aerospatiale AS 350D AStar helicopter : data and analyses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-09-30

This report is the fifth in a series of seven documenting the FAA helicopter noise measurement program conducted at Dulles International Airport during the summer of 1983. The AStar test program involved the acquisition of detailed acoustical, positi...

La gestion des gestionnaires de projets: Le cas de l'industrie aerospatiale au Quebec

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petit, Marie-Claude

This research focuses on the management of project managers (PMs) working in high technology organizations. In particular, it examines how these professionals are taken charge of from a human resources management (HRM) standpoint in firms within the aerospace industry in Quebec. The literature in the field of project management generally depicts PMs as entrepreneurs and resource managers, managing human resources (e.g. project team members) among other things. It also defines them as single-handedly responsible for managing their own career, stress and motivation. This profile suggests that once selected and assigned to projects, PMs receive little attention in terms of HRM from the organization. It is hardly conceivable, however, that PMs would move about completely on their own within the organization, let alone that they wouldn't represent any special challenge in terms of HRM, as the ones the literature so clearly underlines for project team members. The review of the literature also reveals that the subject of HRM as applied to PMs is poorly documented empirically, especially on the topic of what particular challenges the project context might bring up for the HRM of PMs. There is also little told about the actors involved in supporting and contributing to meet the challenges that arise out of managing PMs. This study sought to discern those challenges and the means put forth to address them. Also, it wanted to identify the actors of the HRM of PMs, their roles, their skills, and their relationships, among themselves and with the PMs, in order to efficiently take charge of them. This study also wanted to demonstrate the logic that ties the means put forth by the identified actors with the objectives PM-employing organizations want to reach. Finally, the study wanted to identify the impact of the HRM of PMs as it is occurring in organizations. The Quebec aerospace sector was chosen as the field of research primarily because the success of projects in organizations of that sector, alongside regular manufacturing operations, seems to contribute to their performance. In fact, most of these organizations currently are industry leaders worldwide. The data that form the basis of this research were obtained through 65 semi-structured interviews with representatives of project management, HRM and upper management in eight organizations in the aerospace industry in Quebec. First, the collected data was treated case by case using the qualitative data analysis software application Atlas.ti. Subsequently, the description and interpretation of the data were developed in a transversal way to achieve a sector-wide portrait of the HRM of PMs. The results reveal that PMs, like other human resources, do present particular HRM challenges and are actually managed as such in the organizations. PMs benefit both from traditional HRM practices (collective HRM) and from the relationship established and maintained with their immediate manager (individualized HRM). A network of actors is also involved in the HRM of PMs. Among these, the immediate manager of PMs stands out as the key HRM actor. In addition to applying HRM policies and practices to PMs, the manager of PMs, in his position of proximity with PMs, is destined to play different roles such as coach, motivator and talent agent. This hybrid HRM of PMs provides a sense of well-being among PMs and allows organizations to retain these creators of value, it secures faithful customers (repeat business) as a consequence of the success of projects managed by those PMs, and contributes to build a pool for their future managerial elite. Keywords: project management, human resource management, project manager, proximity management, high technology, aerospace industry, Quebec.

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pesquies, P. C.; Milhaud, C.; Nogues, C.; Klein, M.; Cailler, B.; Bost, R.

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies—in addition to human experimentation—the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.

The In-Orbit Battery Reconditioning Experience On Board the Orion 1 Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoover, S. A.; Daughtridge, S.; Johnson, P. J.; King, S. T.

1997-01-01

The Orion 1 spacecraft is a three-axis stabilized geostationary earth orbiting commercial communications satellite which was launched on November 29, 1994 aboard an Atlas II launch vehicle. The power subsystem is a dual bus, dual battery semi-regulated system with one 78 Ampere-hour nickel-hydrogen battery per bus. The batteries were built and tested by Eagle Picher Industries, Inc., of Joplin, MO and were integrated into the spacecraft by its manufacturer, Matra Marconi Space UK Ltd. This paper presents the results obtained during the first four in-orbit reconditioning cycles and compares the battery performance to ground test data. In addition, the on-station battery management strategy and implementation constraints are described. Battery performance has been nominal throughout each reconditioning cycle and subsequent eclipse season.

KSC-95PC-1159

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-13

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians in the Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility-2 SAEF-2) lift the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOHO after its removal from the crate it was shipped in from France. The SOHO spacecraft will carry a complement of 11 instruments from NASA and the European Space Agency ESA to study the origin of the energy within the sun which reaches the sun’s surface. SOHO was manufactured in France by Matra Marconi under a contract with ESA. The observatory will receive final testing and preparations for launch in SAEF-2. SOHO is targeted for launch on an Atlas IIAS from Launch Complex 36, Cape Canaveral Air Station, between Oct. 31 and Nov. 7, 1995. Photo Credit: NASA

Canadian aeronautical mobile data trials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pedersen, Allister; Pearson, Andrea

1993-01-01

This paper describes a series of aeronautical mobile data trials conducted on small aircraft (helicopters and fixed wing) utilizing a low-speed store-and-forward mobile data service. The paper outlines the user requirements for aeronautical mobile satellite communications. 'Flight following' and improved wide-area dispatch communications were identified as high priority requirements. A 'proof-of-concept' trial in a Cessna Skymaster aircraft is described. This trial identified certain development work as essential to the introduction of commercial service including antenna development, power supply modifications and doppler software modifications. Other improvements were also proposed. The initial aeronautical mobile data service available for pre-operational (Beta) trials is outlined. Pre-operational field trials commenced in October 1992 and consisted of installations on a Gralen Communications Inc. Cessna 177 and an Aerospatiale Astar 350 series light single engine helicopter. The paper concludes with a discussion of desirable near term mobile data service developments, commercial benefits, current safety benefits and potential future applications for improved safety.

Airbus windshear warning and guidance system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bonafe, J. L.

1990-01-01

From its first designed airplane, Airbus considered mandatory a help in the crew's decision-making process to initiate an escape maneuver and help to successfully realize it. All the Airbus airplanes designed since 1975 included an alpha-floor function and a speed reference control law imbedded in the speed reference system (SRS) box for A 300 and FAC and FCC for A 310, A300/600 and the A 320. Alpha-Floor function takes into account the airplane energy situation considering angle of attack and observed longitudinal situation in order to apply immediately the full power without any pilot action. Speed reference managers control airspeed and/or ground speed in order to survive a maximum in shear situation. In order to comply with the new FAA regulation: Aerospatiale and Airbus developed more efficient systems. A comparison between 1975 and a newly developed system is given. It is explained how the new system improves the situation.

Reflections on the mechanical structure of the base of the skull and on the face. Part 1: Classical theories, observed structures.

PubMed

Ferré, J C; Chevalier, C; Robert, R; Degrez, J; Le Cloarec, A Y; Legoux, R; Orio, E; Barbin, J Y

1989-01-01

Using thick sections of the base of the skull and face their mechanical structure is viewed from the engineering aspect and the anatomic solutions evolved are compared with those selected by Aerospatiale engineers for the concept and development of the Airbus. It is concluded that the anterior and middle cranial fossae, together with the face, constitute an inseparable mechanical assembly each of whose component units participate in the rigidity of the others. Since this mechanical assembly must provide maximal rigidity for minimal weight, this suggests that aeronautical solutions should throw much light on the detail of construction of the skull and face. Indeed, the rigidity and lightness of the latter are obtained by means of solutions familiar in aeronautics: the reliance on thin-shelled beams with a honeycomb filling, the diploe analogous to a preconstrained composite or sandwich structure, a system of frames, struts and stiffeners, and the use of fillets at the sites of junction of struts.

Rise time and response measurements on a LiSOCl2 cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bastien, Caroline; Lecomte, Eric J.

1992-01-01

Dynamic impedance tests were performed on a 180 Ah LiSOCl2 cell in the frame of a short term work contract awarded by Aerospatiale as part of the Hermes Space Plane development work. These tests consisted of rise time and response measurements. The rise time test was performed to show the ability to deliver 4 KW, in the nominal voltage range (75-115 V), within less than 100 microseconds, and after a period at rest of 13 days. The response measurements test consisted of step response and frequency response tests. The frequency response test was performed to characterize the response of the LiSOCl2 cell to a positive or negative load step of 10 A starting from various currents. The test was performed for various depths of discharge and various temperatures. The test results were used to build a mathematical, electrical model of the LiSOCl2 cell which are also presented. The test description, test results, electrical modelization description, and conclusions are presented.

The Huygens probe is prepared for transport from the Skid Strip, CCAS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The Huygens probe, which will study the clouds, atmosphere and surface of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, as part of the Cassini mission to Saturn, is prepared for transport from the Skid Strip, Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS), after being off-loaded from a plane. The probe was designed and developed for the European Space Agency (ESA) by a European industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale as prime contractor. Over the past year, it was integrated and tested at the facilities of Daimler Benz Aerospace Dornier Satellitensysteme in Germany. The probe will be mated to the Cassini orbiter, which was designed and assembled at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. The Cassini launch is targeted for October 6 from CCAS aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur expendable launch vehicle. After arrival at Saturn in 2004, the probe will be released from the Cassini orbiter to slowly descend through the Titan atmosphere to the moon's surface.

Iterative refinement of structure-based sequence alignments by Seed Extension

PubMed Central

Kim, Changhoon; Tai, Chin-Hsien; Lee, Byungkook

2009-01-01

Background Accurate sequence alignment is required in many bioinformatics applications but, when sequence similarity is low, it is difficult to obtain accurate alignments based on sequence similarity alone. The accuracy improves when the structures are available, but current structure-based sequence alignment procedures still mis-align substantial numbers of residues. In order to correct such errors, we previously explored the possibility of replacing the residue-based dynamic programming algorithm in structure alignment procedures with the Seed Extension algorithm, which does not use a gap penalty. Here, we describe a new procedure called RSE (Refinement with Seed Extension) that iteratively refines a structure-based sequence alignment. Results RSE uses SE (Seed Extension) in its core, which is an algorithm that we reported recently for obtaining a sequence alignment from two superimposed structures. The RSE procedure was evaluated by comparing the correctly aligned fractions of residues before and after the refinement of the structure-based sequence alignments produced by popular programs. CE, DaliLite, FAST, LOCK2, MATRAS, MATT, TM-align, SHEBA and VAST were included in this analysis and the NCBI's CDD root node set was used as the reference alignments. RSE improved the average accuracy of sequence alignments for all programs tested when no shift error was allowed. The amount of improvement varied depending on the program. The average improvements were small for DaliLite and MATRAS but about 5% for CE and VAST. More substantial improvements have been seen in many individual cases. The additional computation times required for the refinements were negligible compared to the times taken by the structure alignment programs. Conclusion RSE is a computationally inexpensive way of improving the accuracy of a structure-based sequence alignment. It can be used as a standalone procedure following a regular structure-based sequence alignment or to replace the traditional

Noise measurement flight test for Aerospatiale AS 355F Twin Star helicopter : data and analyses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-09-30

This report is the fourth in a series of seven documenting the FAA helicopter noise measurement program conducted at Dulles International Airport during the summer of 1983. The TwinStar test program involved the acquisition of detailed acoustical, po...

Identification de lois constitutives et de lois de frottement adaptées aux grandes vitesses de sollicitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dalverny, O.; Capéraa, S.; Pantalé, O.; Sattouf, C.

2002-12-01

Cet article présente une méthodologie d'identification de lois constitutives et de lois de contact adaptées aux matériaux métalliques sous chargement dynamique à grande vitesse de déformation. Les essais sont effectués à partir de montages expérimentaux adaptés à un lanceur à gaz permettant d'obtenir une vitesse de projectile de l'ordre de 350m/s pour une masse totale de 30gr. Le premier essai consiste en un impact de Taylor correspondant à un chargement mécanique de type compression. Le second essai de type “extrusion conique" permet la détermination des lois de frottement à grande vitesse. La procédure générale d'identification des lois de comportement à partir d'essais dynamiques se fait au moyen d'une analyse post-mortem des échantillons et de la corrélation entre ces résultats expérimentaux et un modèle numérique des essais. Pour les deux cas précédemment cités, nous présentons la configuration optimale d'essai ainsi que les résultats obtenus à partir d'un algorithme d'optimisation de type Levenberg-Marquard.

Delivering spacecraft control centers with embedded knowledge-based systems: The methodology issue

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ayache, S.; Haziza, M.; Cayrac, D.

1994-01-01

Matra Marconi Space (MMS) occupies a leading place in Europe in the domain of satellite and space data processing systems. The maturity of the knowledge-based systems (KBS) technology, the theoretical and practical experience acquired in the development of prototype, pre-operational and operational applications, make it possible today to consider the wide operational deployment of KBS's in space applications. In this perspective, MMS has to prepare the introduction of the new methods and support tools that will form the basis of the development of such systems. This paper introduces elements of the MMS methodology initiatives in the domain and the main rationale that motivated the approach. These initiatives develop along two main axes: knowledge engineering methods and tools, and a hybrid method approach for coexisting knowledge-based and conventional developments.

Ariane 5 and Ariane 5 Evolution GN&C Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pignié, G.

The objective of the paper is to give an overview of the Guidance Navigation and Control (GN&C) principles used for the Ariane 5 Launchers Family, developed for the European Space Agency. The development of the GN&C system, for the Ariane 5 Launcher, within EADS Launch Vehicle Company (formerly "Aérospatiale Space and Strategic Systems Division", and "Aérospatiale - Matra lanceurs"), and under supervision of CNES (French National Space Agency, acting as the prime contractor for Ariane Family) took a wide benefit from the existing, and flight validated methods used for the Ariane 4 Launcher, but a significant amount of new features were added, concerning the control loop, the guidance loop - where a fully adaptive guidance algorithm for exo- atmospheric flight was chosen - and the Failure Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FIR) management for the sensors. In the paper, we shall describe first the Ariane 5 original version GN&C (for the so-called Ariane 5 Generic launcher), but the improvements designed for the upgraded Ariane 5 Evolution, with a cryogenic third stage, will be also addressed. The first part shall be dedicated to a review of the main constraints and requirements on the GN&C system. In the second part of the paper we shall present the main features of the architecture of the GN&C system, starting from the navigation and control sensors, through the on board computer and software, and going finally to the stages Thrust Vectoring Control (TVC) subsystems, used to control the launcher during the propelled phase, as well as to the attitude control subsystem (ACS), used to control the post boost manoeuvres, and payload injection and jettisoning conditions . The main principles of the subsystems and equipment's redundancy will be also briefly addressed. In the third part, an overall description of the different algorithms, implemented for Navigation, Guidance, Control, and sensors Failure Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FIR), for atmospheric flight

STS 2000: Structural design of the airbreathing launcher

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyeldieu, E.

This paper presents a description of the structural design and the choice of materials of the different parts of the Space Transportation System 2000 (STS 2000). This launcher is one of the different concepts studied by AEROSPATIALE to evaluate its feasibility and its performance. The STS 2000 Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) is a reusable single stage launcher using airbreathing propulsion till Mach 6. This SSTO takes off horizontally using an undercarriage It takes off with a speed of 150 m/s and with an incidence angle of 12 deg. The STS 2000 flights from Mach 0.4 to Mach 3.6 using four turbo-rockets engines, from Mach 3.6 to Mach 6 using four ramjets-rockets engines and from Mach 6 to Mach 25 using four rockets engines. During its reentry, it glides from orbit to earth and it horizontally lands at the same base (KOUROU in French Guiana). The initial take-off mass is 338 metric tons. The ascent phase specification are: a maximum axial acceleration of 4 g's and a maximum dynamic pressure of 70 kPa.

Measurement of the steady surface pressure distribution on a single rotation large scale advanced prop-fan blade at Mach numbers from 0.03 to 0.78

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bushnell, Peter

1988-01-01

The aerodynamic pressure distribution was determined on a rotating Prop-Fan blade at the S1-MA wind tunnel facility operated by the Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiale (ONERA) in Modane, France. The pressure distributions were measured at thirteen radial stations on a single rotation Large Scale Advanced Prop-Fan (LAP/SR7) blade, for a sequence of operating conditions including inflow Mach numbers ranging from 0.03 to 0.78. Pressure distributions for more than one power coefficient and/or advanced ratio setting were measured for most of the inflow Mach numbers investigated. Due to facility power limitations the Prop-Fan test installation was a two bladed version of the eight design configuration. The power coefficient range investigated was therefore selected to cover typical power loading per blade conditions which occur within the Prop-Fan operating envelope. The experimental results provide an extensive source of information on the aerodynamic behavior of the swept Prop-Fan blade, including details which were elusive to current computational models and do not appear in the two-dimensional airfoil data.

Noise measurement flight test for Aerospatiale SA 365N Dauphin 2 Twin Jet helicopter : data and analyses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-04-30

This report is the second in a series of seven documenting the FAA helicopter noise measurement program conducted at Dulles International Airport during the summer of 1983. The Dauphin test program involved the acquisition of detailed acoustical, pos...

ORION: A Supersynchronous Transfer Orbit mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walters, I. M.; Baker, J. F.; Shurmer, I. M.

1995-05-01

ORION F1 was launched on 29th November 1994 on an Atlas IIA launch vehicle. It was designed, built and delivered in-orbit by Matra Marconi Space Systems Plc and was handed over to ORION Satellite Corporation on 20th January 1995 at its on-station longitude of 37.5 deg W. The mission differed significantly from that of any other geostationary communications satellite in that the Transfer Orbit apogee altitude of 123,507 km was over three times geosynchronous (GEO) altitude and one third of the way to the moon. The SuperSynchronous Transfer Orbit (SSTO) mission is significantly different from the standard Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO)mission in a number of ways. This paper discusses the essential features of the mission design through its evolution since 1987 and the details of the highly successful mission itself including a detailed account of the attitude determination achieved using the Galileo Earth and Sun Sensor (ESS).

ORION: A Supersynchronous Transfer Orbit mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walters, I. M.; Baker, J. F.; Shurmer, I. M.

1995-01-01

ORION F1 was launched on 29th November 1994 on an Atlas IIA launch vehicle. It was designed, built and delivered in-orbit by Matra Marconi Space Systems Plc and was handed over to ORION Satellite Corporation on 20th January 1995 at its on-station longitude of 37.5 deg W. The mission differed significantly from that of any other geostationary communications satellite in that the Transfer Orbit apogee altitude of 123,507 km was over three times geosynchronous (GEO) altitude and one third of the way to the moon. The SuperSynchronous Transfer Orbit (SSTO) mission is significantly different from the standard Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO)mission in a number of ways. This paper discusses the essential features of the mission design through its evolution since 1987 and the details of the highly successful mission itself including a detailed account of the attitude determination achieved using the Galileo Earth and Sun Sensor (ESS).

A cross-disciplinary response to improve test activities: The corporate memory capitalization in Ariane4 test domain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vo, Dinh Phuoc; Soler, Christian; Aussenac, N.; Macchion, D.

1993-01-01

The Assembly, Integration, Test, and Validation (AIT/AIV) of the Ariane4 Vehicle Equipment Bay was held at Matra Marconi Space (MMS) site of Toulouse for several years. For this activity, incident interpretation necessitates a great deal of different knowledge. When complex faults occur, particularly those appearing during overall control tests, experts of various domains (EGSE, software, on-board equipment) have to join for investigation sessions. Thus, an assistance tool for the identification of faulty equipment will improve the efficiency of diagnosis and the overall productivity of test activities. As a solution, the Aramiihs laboratory proposed considering the opportunity of a knowledge based system intended to assist the tester in diagnosis. This knowledge based system is, in fact, a short-term achievement of a long-term goal which is the capitalization of corporate memory in the Ariane4 test domain. Aramiihs is a research unit where engineers from MMS and researchers from the IRIT-CNRS cooperate on problems concerning new types of man-system interaction.

Huygens space probe ready to leave Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1997-03-01

Over the past year, the Huygens probe has been integrated and extensively tested at the facilities of Daimler Benz Aerospace Dornier Satellitensysteme in Ottobrunn near Munich. It was designed and developed for ESA by a European industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale (F) as prime contractor. The European activities have been successfully completed and this is to be formalised by the Flight Acceptance Review which will release the probe for shipment to the USA. To mark this important milestone a press briefing is scheduled for Wednesday, 26 March at 10.00 hours at Daimler-Benz Aerospace Dornier Satellitensysteme in Ottobrunn. The detailed programme of the press briefing is attached. If you wish to attend the press briefing, please complete the attached accreditation form and return it, preferably by fax, to : Daimler Benz Aerospace Dornier Satellitensysteme Mr. Mathias Pikelj, Fax. + 49 7545 8 5589, Tel. + 49 7545 8 9123 NOTE FOR THE EDITORS: Background facts about the Cassini Huygens mission Huygens is a medium-sized mission of ESA's Horizons 2000 programme for space science, and a contribution to the joint NASA ESA Cassini mission. Christiaan Huygens discovered Saturn s moon Titan in 1655, and the mission named after him aims to land a 343 kilogram probe on Titan carrying a package of scientific instruments through the atmosphere. Six sets of instruments will analyse the chemical composition of the atmosphere, observe the weather and topography of Titan, and examine the nature of its surface. Titan is larger than the planet Mercury, and its unique atmosphere, rich in nitrogen and hydrocarbons, may resemble the atmosphere of the primitive Earth, before life began. Nominal dates for the Huygens mission are as follows: * launch, 6 October 1997 * arrival at Saturn, 1 July 2004 * release of Huygens, 6 November 2004 * entry into Titan's atmosphere, 27 November 2004. The Saturn Orbiter, the other element in the Cassini mission, will relay the signals from Huygens to

Accuracy of an unstructured-grid upwind-Euler algorithm for the ONERA M6 wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Batina, John T.

1991-01-01

Improved algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional, time-dependent Euler equations are presented for aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes. The improvements have been developed recently to the spatial and temporal discretizations used by unstructured-grid flow solvers. The spatial discretization involves a flux-split approach that is naturally dissipative and captures shock waves sharply with at most one grid point within the shock structure. The temporal discretization involves either an explicit time-integration scheme using a multistage Runge-Kutta procedure or an implicit time-integration scheme using a Gauss-Seidel relaxation procedure, which is computationally efficient for either steady or unsteady flow problems. With the implicit Gauss-Seidel procedure, very large time steps may be used for rapid convergence to steady state, and the step size for unsteady cases may be selected for temporal accuracy rather than for numerical stability. Steady flow results are presented for both the NACA 0012 airfoil and the Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales M6 wing to demonstrate applications of the new Euler solvers. The paper presents a description of the Euler solvers along with results and comparisons that assess the capability.

Generation de chemins de couverture pour des operations automatisees de controle non destructif appliquees dans l'industrie aerospatiale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olivieri, Pierre

Non destructive testing (NDT) plays an important role in the aerospace industry during the fabrication and maintenance of the structures built and is used, among other useful applications, to detect flaws such as cracks at an early stage. However, NDT techniques are still mainly done manually, especially on complex aeronautical structures, which then results in several drawbacks. In addition to be difficult and time-consuming, reliability and repeatability of inspection results are likely to be affected, since they rely on each operator's experience and dexterity. The present thesis is part of a larger project (MANU-418) of the Consortium for Research and Innovation in Aerospace in Quebec (CRIAQ). In this project, it has been proposed to develop a system using a 6-DOF manipulator arm to automate three particular NDT techniques often needed in the aerospace industry: eddy current testing (ECT), fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI), and infrared thermography (IRT). The main objective of the MANU-418 project is to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed system and provide inspection results of surface and near surface flaws (cracks usually) at least as reliably and repeatably as inspection results from a human operator. One specific objective stemming from the main objective of the project is to develop a methodology and a software tool to generate covering paths adapted for the three aforementioned NDT techniques to inspect the complex surfaces of aerospace structures. The present thesis aims at reaching this specific objective. At first, geometrical and topological properties of the surfaces considered in this project are defined (flat surfaces, round and straight edges, cylindrical or near cylindrical surfaces, holes). It is also assumed that the 3D model of the surface to inspect is known in advance. Moreover, it has been decided within the framework of the MANU-418 project to give priority to the automation of ECT compared with the other techniques (FPI and IRT). As a result, the methodology developed to generate inspection paths is more closely focused on path constraints relative to the manual operations of ECT using a differential eddy current probe (named here EC probe), but it is developed to be flexible enough to be used with the other techniques as well. Common inspection paths for ECT are usually defined by a sweeping motion using a zigzag pattern with the EC probe in mild contact with the inspected surface. Moreover, the main axis of the probe must keep a normal orientation with the surface, and the alignment of its two coils must always be oriented along the direction of its motion. A first methodology is then proposed to generate covering paths on the whole surface of interest while meeting all EC probe motion constraints. First, the surface is meshed with triangular facets, and then it is subdivided into several patches such that their geometry and topology are simpler than the whole surface. Paths are then generated on each patch by intersecting their facets with offset section planes defined along a sweeping direction. Furthermore, another methodology is developed to generate paths around an indication (namely a small area where the presence of a flaw is suspected) whose position and orientation are assumed to be known a priori.. Then, a software tool with a graphical user interface has been developed in the MATLAB environment to generate inspection paths based on these methodologies. A set of path parameters can be changed by the user to get desired paths (distance between passes, sweep direction, etc.). Once paths are computed, an ordered list of coordinates (positions and orientations) of the tool is exported in an EXCEL spreadsheet so that it could be used with a real robot. In this research, these data are then used to perform simulations of trajectories (path described as a function of the time) with a MotoMan robot (model SV3XL) using the MotoSim software. After validation of these trajectories in this software (absence of collisions, positions are all reachable, etc.), they are finally converted into instructions for the real MotoMan robot to proceed with experimental tests. These first simulations and experimentations on a MotoMan robot of the generated paths have given results close to the expected inspection trajectories used manually in the NDT techniques considered, especially for the ECT technique. Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended to validate this path generation method with more experimental tests. For instance, a "test" tool could be manufactured to measure errors of position and orientation of this tool with respect to expected trajectories on a typical complex aeronautical structure. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Matra Mountains, northeastern Hungary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Odor, L.; Wanty, R.B.; Horvath, I.; Fugedi, U.; ,

1999-01-01

Regional geochemical baseline values have been established for Hungary by the use of low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds thus produced helped to evaluate the importance of high toxic element concentrations found in soils in a valley downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. Erosion of the mine dumps and flotation dump, losses of metals during filtering, storage and transportation, human neglects, and operational breakdowns, have all contributed to the contamination of a small catchment basin in a procession of releases of solid waste. The sulfide-rich waste material weathers to a yellow color; this layer of 'yellow sand' blankets a narrow strip of the floodplain of Toka Creek in the valley near the town of Gyongyosoroszi. Contamination was spread out in the valley by floods. Metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sb. Exposure of the local population to these metals may occur through inhalation of airborne particulates or by ingestion of these metals that are taken up by crops grown in the valley. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, soils, and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps. The flood-plain profile was sampled in detail to see the vertical distribution of elements and to relate the metal concentrations to the sedimentation and contamination histories of the flood plain. Downward migration of mobile Zn and Cd from the contaminated upper layers under supergene conditions is observed, while vertical migration of Pb, As, Hg and Sb appears to be insignificant. Soil profiles of 137Cs which originated from above-ground atomic bomb tests and the Chernobyl accident, provide good evidence that the upper 30-40 cm of the flood-plain sections, which includes the yellow sand contamination, were deposited in the last 30-40 years.The regional geochemical baseline values are established for Hungary using low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds allowed the evaluation of the importance of high toxic element concentrations in soils in a valley, downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. The metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sb. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, the soils and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps.

Motion Sickness: Significance in Aerospace Operations and Prophylaxis (Le Mal des Transports: Son Importance pour les Operations Aerospatiales et Prophylaxies)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

description of motion sickness will be based on the assumption that only one peculiar thing happens: a poison response is provoked by motion. Common sense...available for study , because it can be produced for study without the complicating presence of a poison. It is produced by a motion stimulus that...34nausea occurred only during gastric relaxation and hypomotility" (26). The electrical activity of the gut has also been studied during motion

AMP Short Course: Neurological, Psychiatric and Psychological Aspects of Aerospace Medicine (Aspects Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Psychologiques de la Medecine Aerospatiale)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

States did riot comtplete its Etich medical speciality within acroispace medicine (iffers research program and curre: nly does not use unqecnrbtosI crp...Iii res ew iig the sleep) listor%. you cain deterriiine ’Il he obese liatierits knowni toi have sleep a1prica would be if there is art iinadeqcuate

VEGA, a small launch vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duret, François; Fabrizi, Antonio

1999-09-01

Several studies have been performed in Europe aiming to promote the full development of a small launch vehicle to put into orbit one ton class spacecrafts. But during the last ten years, the european workforce was mainly oriented towards the qualification of the heavy class ARIANE 5 launch vehicle.Then, due also to lack of visibility on this reduced segment of market, when comparing with the geosatcom market, no proposal was sufficiently attractive to get from the potentially interrested authorities a clear go-ahead, i.e. a financial committment. The situation is now rapidly evolving. Several european states, among them ITALY and FRANCE, are now convinced of the necessity of the availability of such a transportation system, an important argument to promote small missions, using small satellites. Application market will be mainly scientific experiments and earth observation; some telecommunications applications may be also envisaged such as placement of little LEO constellation satellites, or replacement after failure of big LEO constellation satellites. FIAT AVIO and AEROSPATIALE have proposed to their national agencies the development of such a small launch vehicle, named VEGA. The paper presents the story of the industrial proposal, and the present status of the project: Mission spectrum, technical definition, launch service and performance, target development plan and target recurring costs, as well as the industrial organisation for development, procurement, marketing and operations.

Active learning in the space engineering education at Technical University of Madrid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez, Jacobo; Laverón-Simavilla, Ana; Lapuerta, Victoria; Ezquerro Navarro, Jose Miguel; Cordero-Gracia, Marta

This work describes the innovative activities performed in the field of space education at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM), in collaboration with the center engaged by the European Space Agency (ESA) in Spain to support the operations for scientific experiments on board the International Space Station (E-USOC). These activities have been integrated along the last academic year of the Aerospatiale Engineering degree. A laboratory has been created, where the students have to validate and integrate the subsystems of a microsatellite by using demonstrator satellites. With the acquired skills, the students participate in a training process centered on Project Based Learning, where the students work in groups to perform the conceptual design of a space mission, being each student responsible for the design of a subsystem of the satellite and another one responsible of the mission design. In parallel, the students perform a training using a ground station, installed at the E-USOC building, which allow them to learn how to communicate with satellites, how to download telemetry and how to process the data. This also allows students to learn how the E-USOC works. Two surveys have been conducted to evaluate the impact of these techniques in the student engineering skills and to know the degree of satisfaction of students with respect to the use of these learning methodologies.

Formalizing procedures for operations automation, operator training and spacecraft autonomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lecouat, Francois; Desaintvincent, Arnaud

1994-01-01

The generation and validation of operations procedures is a key task of mission preparation that is quite complex and costly. This has motivated the development of software applications providing support for procedures preparation. Several applications have been developed at MATRA MARCONI SPACE (MMS) over the last five years. They are presented in the first section of this paper. The main idea is that if procedures are represented in a formal language, they can be managed more easily with a computer tool and some automatic verifications can be performed. One difficulty is to define a formal language that is easy to use for operators and operations engineers. From the experience of the various procedures management tools developed in the last five years (including the POM, EOA, and CSS projects), MMS has derived OPSMAKER, a generic tool for procedure elaboration and validation. It has been applied to quite different types of missions, ranging from crew procedures (PREVISE system), ground control centers management procedures (PROCSU system), and - most relevant to the present paper - satellite operation procedures (PROCSAT developed for CNES, to support the preparation and verification of SPOT 4 operation procedures, and OPSAT for MMS telecom satellites operation procedures).

Solar sail on the track

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prado, Jean-Yves; Perret, Alain; Ozcariz, Ignazio

Since the last IAF Congress in Malaga, where it has been stated by the IAF Education Committee that a Solar Sail Race to the Moon is worth to be recommended to IAF organization, the situation has evolved in a favorable way with respect to the U3P objectives to promote a race to the Moon with solar sails and be an entry. As the year 92 will be of great importance for Spain with the Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, the International Exhibition of Sevilla and the celebration of the Castela sponsored Columbus odyssey, a unique opportunity for fund raising exists. A Spanish association, named Comision Vela Solar, has recently joined U3P to design and build a solar sail, ready for a launch in 1992, together with American and Japanese entries. This agreement between French and Spanish associations has given birth to an industrial cooperation between French firms, lead by MATRA-ESPACE and Spanish firms. In our paper, we describe the mission, give an update version of the rules of the race, draw the main features of the U3P-CVS sail and highlight the technological and educational benefits of this challenging project.

Autonomous intelligent cruise control system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baret, Marc; Bomer, Thierry T.; Calesse, C.; Dudych, L.; L'Hoist, P.

1995-01-01

Autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC) systems are not only controlling vehicles' speed but acting on the throttle and eventually on the brakes they could automatically maintain the relative speed and distance between two vehicles in the same lane. And more than just for comfort it appears that these new systems should improve the safety on highways. By applying a technique issued from the space research carried out by MATRA, a sensor based on a charge coupled device (CCD) was designed to acquire the reflected light on standard-mounted car reflectors of pulsed laser diodes emission. The CCD is working in a unique mode called flash during transfer (FDT) which allows identification of target patterns in severe optical environments. It provides high accuracy for distance and angular position of targets. The absence of moving mechanical parts ensures high reliability for this sensor. The large field of view and the high measurement rate give a global situation assessment and a short reaction time. Then, tracking and filtering algorithms have been developed in order to select the target, on which the equipped vehicle determines its safety distance and speed, taking into account its maneuvering and the behaviors of other vehicles.

Physiopathologie et Pathologie des Affections du Rachis en Medecine Aerospatiale (Physiopathology and Pathology of Affections of the Spine in Aerospace Medicine),

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

Nous sommes conscients de 11holfeur de cette designation qui s base essentiellement sur is valeur reconnue des travaux prdsentds aux diff~rentes sessions... Comparativement l’avion eat beaucoup mieux adaptl au crash :conposante horizantale du chac plus Impartante, nombreuses structures ddfavorables, pour le pilate...Ejection Seat Design and Vertebral fractures. Aerospace Yed. 1nr4, _-; (6), 549-50. 165. Liu Y.K., Pontius U.P., Hoseyr R. : The effects of initi.l

Numerical modelling of microdroplet self-propelled jumping on micro-textured surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Attarzadeh, S. M. Reza; Dolatabadi, Ali; Chun Kim, Kyung

2015-11-01

Understanding various stages of single and multiple droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface is of interest for many industrial applications such as aerospace industry. In this study, the phenomenon of coalescence induced droplets self-propelled jumping on a micro-textured super-hydrophobic surface is numerically simulated using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. This model mimics the scenario of coalescing cloud-sized particles over the surface structure of an aircraft. The VOF coupled with a dynamic contact angle model is used to simulate the coalescence of two equal size droplets, that are initially placed very closed to each other with their interface overlapping with each other's which triggers the incipience of their coalescence. The textured surface is modeled as a series of equally spaced squared pillars, with 111° as the intrinsic contact angle all over the solid contact area. It is shown that the radial velocity of coalescing liquid bridge is reverted to upward direction due to the counter action of the surface to the basal area of droplet in contact. The presence of air beneath the droplet inside micro grooves which aimed at repelling water droplet is also captured in this model. The simulated results are found in good agreement with experimental observations. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Consortium de Recherche et d'innovation en Aerospatiale au Quebec (CRIAQ), Bombardier Aerospace, Pratt Whitney Canada.

Etude aerodynamique d'un jet turbulent impactant une paroi concave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LeBlanc, Benoit

Etant donne la demande croissante de temperatures elevees dans des chambres de combustion de systemes de propulsions en aerospatiale (turbomoteurs, moteur a reaction, etc.), l'interet dans le refroidissement par jets impactant s'est vu croitre. Le refroidissement des aubes de turbine permet une augmentation de temperature de combustion, ce qui se traduit en une augmentation de l'efficacite de combustion et donc une meilleure economie de carburant. Le transfert de chaleur dans les au bages est influence par les aspects aerodynamiques du refroidissement a jet, particulierement dans le cas d'ecoulements turbulents. Un manque de comprehension de l'aerodynamique a l'interieur de ces espaces confinees peut mener a des changements de transfert thermique qui sont inattendus, ce qui augmente le risque de fluage. Il est donc d'interet pour l'industrie aerospatiale et l'academie de poursuivre la recherche dans l'aerodynamique des jets turbulents impactant les parois courbes. Les jets impactant les surfaces courbes ont deja fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes. Par contre des conditions oscillatoires observees en laboratoire se sont averees difficiles a reproduire en numerique, puisque les structures d'ecoulements impactants des parois concaves sont fortement dependantes de la turbulence et des effets instationnaires. Une etude experimentale fut realisee a l'institut PPRIME a l'Universite de Poitiers afin d'observer le phenomene d'oscillation dans le jet. Une serie d'essais ont verifie les conditions d'ecoulement laminaires et turbulentes, toutefois le cout des essais experimentaux a seulement permis d'avoir un apercu du phenomene global. Une deuxieme serie d'essais fut realisee numeriquement a l'Universite de Moncton avec l'outil OpenFOAM pour des conditions d'ecoulement laminaire et bidimensionnel. Cette etude a donc comme but de poursuivre l'enquete de l'aerodynamique oscillatoire des jets impactant des parois courbes, mais pour un regime d'ecoulement transitoire, turbulent

A tectonic model for the spatial occurrence of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits - applications to Central Europe

USGS Publications Warehouse

Drew, Lawrence J.

2006-01-01

A structural-tectonic model, which was developed to assess the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits and associated polymetallic vein systems for the Matra Mountains, Hungary, has been expanded here and applied to other parts of central Europe. The model explains how granitoid stocks are emplaced and hydrothermal fluids flow within local strain features (duplexes) within strike-slip fault systems that develop in continental crust above subducting plates. Areas of extension that lack shear at the corners and along the edges of the fault duplexes are structural traps for the granitoid stocks associated with porphyry copper deposits. By contrast, polymetallic vein deposits are emplaced where shear and extension are prevalent in the interior of the duplexes. This model was applied to the Late Cretaceous-age porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Banat-Timok-Srednogorie region of Romania-Serbia-Bulgaria and the middle Miocene-age deposits in Romania and Slovakia. In the first area, porphyry copper deposits are most commonly located at the corners, and occasionally along the edges, of strike-slip fault duplexes, and the few polymetallic vein deposits identified are located at interior sites of the duplexes. In the second area, the model accounts for the preferred sites of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and central Slovakian volcanic field (Slovakia).

Structural re-alignment in an immunologic surface region of ricin A chain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zemla, A T; Zhou, C E

2007-07-24

We compared structure alignments generated by several protein structure comparison programs to determine whether existing methods would satisfactorily align residues at a highly conserved position within an immunogenic loop in ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs). Using default settings, structure alignments generated by several programs (CE, DaliLite, FATCAT, LGA, MAMMOTH, MATRAS, SHEBA, SSM) failed to align the respective conserved residues, although LGA reported correct residue-residue (R-R) correspondences when the beta-carbon (Cb) position was used as the point of reference in the alignment calculations. Further tests using variable points of reference indicated that points distal from the beta carbon along a vector connectingmore » the alpha and beta carbons yielded rigid structural alignments in which residues known to be highly conserved in RIPs were reported as corresponding residues in structural comparisons between ricin A chain, abrin-A, and other RIPs. Results suggest that approaches to structure alignment employing alternate point representations corresponding to side chain position may yield structure alignments that are more consistent with observed conservation of functional surface residues than do standard alignment programs, which apply uniform criteria for alignment (i.e., alpha carbon (Ca) as point of reference) along the entirety of the peptide chain. We present the results of tests that suggest the utility of allowing user-specified points of reference in generating alternate structural alignments, and we present a web server for automatically generating such alignments.« less

The ARA Mark 3 solar array design and development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

vanHassel, Rob H. A.

1996-01-01

The ARA (Advanced Rigid Array) Mark3 solar array of Fokker Space BV is currently in its final stages of qualification (wing tests to be completed in March, 1996; unit/part tests in April, 1996). With regard to its predecessor, the ARA Mark2, the design has not only been improved in terms of mechanical and electrical performance, but also with regard to production cost and throughput time. This 'state of the art' array is designed to fit the needs of a wide variety of geostationary telecommunications satellites and is qualified for launch on the complete range of medium/large size commercial launchers (Ariane IV & V, Atlas, Delta, Proton, Long March, H2). The first mission to fly the new ARA Mk3 array is Hot Bird 2 (customer: Eutelsat, prime contractor: Matra Marconi Space; launch: mid-1996). In this configuration, its end of life (EOL) power-to-mass ratio is 42 W/kg, with an operational life of more than 12 years. The main mechanisms on a solar array are typically found in the deployment system and in the hold down and release system. During the design and development phase of these mechanisms, extensive engineering and qualification tests have been performed. This paper presents the key design features of these mechanisms and the improvements that were made with regard to their predecessors. It also describes the qualification philosophy on unit/part and wing level. Finally, some of the development items that turned out to be critical, as well as the lessons learned from them, are discussed.

Autonomy for SOHO Ground Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Truszkowski, Walt; Netreba, Nick; Ginn, Don; Mandutianu, Sanda; Obenschain, Arthur F. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The SOLAR and HELIOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY (SOHO) project [SOHO Web Page] is being carried out by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a cooperative effort between the two agencies in the framework of the Solar Terrestrial Science Program (STSP) comprising SOHO and other missions. SOHO was launched on December 2, 1995. The SOHO spacecraft was built in Europe by an industry team led by Matra, and instruments were provided by European and American scientists. There are nine European Principal Investigators (PI's) and three American ones. Large engineering teams and more than 200 co-investigators from many institutions support the PI's in the development of the instruments and in the preparation of their operations and data analysis. NASA is responsible for the launch and mission operations. Large radio dishes around the world, which form NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN), are used to track the spacecraft beyond the Earths orbit. Mission control is based at Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. The agent group at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, in collaboration with JPL, is currently involved with the design and development of an agent-based system to provide intelligent interactions with the control center personnel for SOHO. The basic approach that is being taken is to develop a sub-community of agents for each major subsystem of SOHO and to integrate these sub-communities into an overall SOHO community. Agents in all sub-communities will be capable of advanced understanding (deep reasoning) of the associated spacecraft subsystem.

Accretion of Grenvillian terranes to the southwestern border of the Río de la Plata craton, western Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varela, Ricardo; Basei, Miguel A. S.; González, Pablo D.; Sato, Ana M.; Naipauer, Maximiliano; Campos Neto, Mario; Cingolani, Carlos A.; Meira, Vinicius T.

2011-04-01

A comprehensive review of the geological, geochronological, and isotopic features of the Mesoproterozoic Grenvillian terranes attached to the southwest of the Río de la Plata craton in Early Paleozoic times is presented in this paper. They are grouped into the northern (sierras de Umango, Maz and del Espinal and surroundings), central (Sierra de Pie de Palo, southern Precordillera and Frontal Cordillera), and southern (San Rafael and Las Matras Blocks) segments. The Mesoproterozoic basement consists mainly of arc related, intermediate to acidic and mafic-ultramafic rocks of 1,244-1,027 Ma, with juvenile, Laurentian affinity. Exception to it is the Maz Group, with a protracted history and reworked character. They are affected by 846-570 Ma, extensional magmatism in the northern and central segments, which represents the Neoproterozoic breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. Successive passive margin sedimentation is registered in Late Neoproterozoic (~640-580 Ma) and Cambro-Ordovician (~550-470 Ma) times. The southern segment is noted for the younger sedimentation alone, and for showing the exclusive primary unconformable relationship between the Mesoproterozoic basement and Early Ordovician cover. The effects of Early Paleozoic Famatinian orogeny, associated with the collisions of Cuyania and Chilenia terranes, are recorded as main phase (480-450 Ma), late phase (440-420 Ma), and Chanic phase (400-360 Ma). Among them, the tectonothermal climax is the Ordovician main phase, to which klippe and nappe structures typical of collisional orogens are related in the northern and central segments. Preliminary data allow us to suggest a set of paired metamorphic belts, with an outboard high-P/T belt, and an inboard Barrowian P/T belt.

Climate Signal Detection in Wine Quality Using Gridded vs. Station Data in North-East Hungary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mika, Janos; Razsi, Andras; Gal, Lajos

2017-04-01

The grapevine is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Today's viticultural regions for quality wine production are located in relatively narrow geographical and therefore climatic niches. Our target area, the Matra Region in NE Hungary is fairly close to the edge of optimal wine production concerning its climate conditions. Fifty year (1961-2010) wine and quality (natural sugar content, in weight % of must) data are analysed and compared to parallel climate variables. Two sets of station-based monthly temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation data, taken from neighbouring stations, Eger-Kőlyuktető (1961-2010) and Kompolt (1976-2006) are used in 132 combinations, together with daily grid-point data provided by the CarpatClim Project (www.carpatclim-eu.org/pages/home). By now it is clear that (1) wine quality, is in significant negative correlation with the annual precipitation and in positive correlation with temperature and sunshine duration. (2) Applying a wide combination of monthly data we obtain even stronger correlations (higher significance according to t-tests) even from the station-based data, but it is difficult to select and optimum model from the many proper combinations differing in performance over the test sample just slightly. (3) The interpolated site-specific areal averages from the grid-point data provide even better results and stronger differences between the best models and the few other candidates. (4) Further improvement of statistical signal detection capacity of the above climate variables by using 5-day averages, point at the strong vulnerability of wine quality on climate anomalies of some key phenological phases of the investigated grapevine-mixes. Enhanced spatial and temporal resolution provides much better fit to the observed wine quality data. The study has been supported by the OTKA-113209 national project.

Allergic, Immunological and Infectious Disease Problems in Aerospace Medicine Held in Rome, Italy on 21 - 25 October 1991 (Les Problemes Causes par les Maladies Allergiques, Immunologiques et Contagieuses en Mdecine Aerospatiale).

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

whose lymphocytes displayed, at the identified. When assays for antibacterial activity time of lowest immune responses, a surface IL2Ra were performed...with these two agents SSD demon- level around 50% of the first day level (Figure 5), strated superior antibacterial activity in in vitro tests the...day At day 30, a significative increase of direct antibacterial activity 0 and 28. The second group was treated with Ty2la (Neotif, Scla- was observed

The QBito CubeSat: Applications in Space Engineering Education at Technical University of Madrid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez Fraile, Jose Javier; Laverón-Simavilla, Ana; Calvo, Daniel; Moreno Benavides, Efren

The QBito CubeSat is one of the 50 CubeSats that is being developed for the QB50 project. The project is funded by the 7 (th) Frame Program to launch 50 CubeSats in a ‘string-of-pearls’ configuration for multi-point, in-situ measurements in the lower thermosphere and re-entry research. The 50 CubeSats, developed by an international network of universities and research institutions, will comprise 40 double CubeSats with atmospheric sensors and 10 double or triple CubeSats for science and technology demonstration. It will be the first large-scale CubeSat constellation in orbit; a concept that has been under discussion for several years but not implemented up to now. This project has a high educational interest for universities; beyond the scientific and technological results, being part of an international group of over 90 universities all over the world working and sharing knowledge to achieve a successful mission represents an exciting opportunity. The QBito project main educational motivation is to educate students in space technologies and in space systems engineering. The Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) is designing, developing, building and testing one of the double CubeSats carrying as payload a kit of atmospheric sensors from the consortium, and other payloads developed by the team such as an IR non-refrigerated sensor, a Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal control applications, a Fuzzy Logic Attitude Control System and other technological developments such as an optimized antenna deployment mechanism, a lightweight multi-mission configurable structure, and an efficient Electric Power System (EPS) with a Maximum Peak Power Tracker (MPPT). This project has been integrated in the training of the Aerospatiale Engineering, Master and PhD degree students by involving them in the complete engineering process, from its conceptual design to the post-flight conclusions. Three subsystems have been selected for being developed from the conceptual design

Three stages in the Late Paleozoic to Triassic magmatism of southwestern Gondwana, and the relationships with the volcanogenic events in coeval basins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Ana María; Llambías, Eduardo J.; Basei, Miguel A. S.; Castro, Carlos E.

2015-11-01

The intermediate to acid Choiyoi Magmatic Province is the most conspicuous feature along the Late Paleozic continental margin of southwestern Gondwana, and is generally regarded as the possible source for the widespread ash fall deposits interlayered with sedimentary sequences in the adjacent Gondwana basins. The Choiyoi magmatism is geologically constrained between the early Permian San Rafael orogenic phase and the Triassic extensional Huarpica phase in the region of Argentine Frontal Cordillera, Precordillera and San Rafael Block. In order to better assess the Choiyoi magmatism in Argentine Frontal Cordillera, we obtained 6 new LA-ICPMS U-Pb ages between 278.8 ± 3.4 Ma and 252.5 ± 1.9 Ma from plutonic rocks of the Colangüil Batholith and an associated volcanic rock. The global analysis of age data compiled from Chilean and Argentine Late Paleozoic to Triassic outcrops allows us to identify three stages of magmatism: (1) pre-Choiyoi orogenic magmatism, (2) Choiyoi magmatism (286-247 Ma), and (3) post-Choiyoi magmatism related to extensional tectonics. In the Choiyoi stage is there an eastward shift and expansion of the magmatism to the southeast, covering an extensive region that defines the Choiyoi magmatic province. On the basis of comparison with the ages from volcanogenic levels identified in the coeval Gondwana basins, we propose: (a) The pre-Choiyoi volcanism from the Paganzo basin (320-296 Ma) probably has a local source in addition to the Frontal Cordillera region. (b) The pre-Choiyoi and Choiyoi events identified in the Paraná basin (304-275 Ma) are likely to have their source in the Chilean Precordillera. (c) The early stage of the Choiyoi magmatism found in the Sauce Grande basin (284-281 Ma) may have come from the adjacent Las Matras to Chadileuvú blocks. (d) The pre-Choiyoi and Choiyoi events in the Karoo basins (302-253 Ma) include the longest Choiyoi interval, and as a whole bear the best resemblance to the age records along the Chilean and

Cytogenetic biomonitoring of primary school children exposed to air pollutants: micronuclei analysis of buccal epithelial cells.

PubMed

Demircigil, Gonca Çakmak; Erdem, Onur; Gaga, Eftade O; Altuğ, Hicran; Demirel, Gülçin; Özden, Özlem; Arı, Akif; Örnektekin, Sermin; Döğeroğlu, Tuncay; van Doorn, Wim; Burgaz, Sema

2014-01-01

There is an increasing attempt in the world to determine the exposures of children to environmental chemicals. To analyze the genotoxic effect of air pollution, micronucleus (MN) assay was carried out in buccal epithelial cells (BECs) of children living in an urban city of Turkey. Children from two schools at urban-traffic and suburban sites were investigated in summer and winter seasons for the determination of BEC-MN frequency (per mille) and frequency of BEC with MN (per mille). The same children were also recruited for lung function measurements within a MATRA project ("Together Towards Clean Air in Eskisehir and Iskenderun") Measured NO2 and SO2 concentrations did not exceed the European Union (EU) limit levels either in urban-traffic or suburban regions. Higher O3 concentrations were measured in the suburban site especially in the summer period. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels which did not differ statistically between two regions were above the EU limits in general. Although BEC-MN frequencies of children living in the suburban sites were higher in general, the difference between two regions was not significant either in the summer or winter periods. BEC-MN frequencies of the urban-traffic children were found to be significantly higher in summer period (mean ± SD, 2.68 ± 1.99) when compared to winter period (1.64 ± 1.59; p = 0.004). On the other hand, no seasonality was observed for the suburban children. Similar results have been obtained in the BEC frequency with MN in our study. In summer, BEC-MN frequencies were significantly increased with the decrease in pulmonary function levels based on forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) levels (p < 0.05). As a conclusion, children living in urban-traffic and suburban areas in the city of Eskişehir exhibited similar genotoxicity. Seasonal variation in genotoxicity may be interpreted as relatively high ozone levels and increasing time spent at

Eco-monitoring of highly contaminated areas: historic heavy metal contamination in tree ring records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baross, Norbert; Jordán, Győző; Albert, Julianna; Abdaal, Ahmed; Anton, Attila

2014-05-01

This study examines and compares tree rings of trees grown in a mining area highly contaminated with heavy metals. Tree rings offers an excellent opportunity for eco-monitoring polluted areas. Contamination dispersion from the source to the receptors can be studied in time and space. The sampled area is located in the eastern part of the Matra Mts. of the Inner-Carpathian calc-alkaline Volcanic Arc (Hungary) with abundant historical ore (Pb, Zn, Cu, etc.) mining in the area. Dense forests are composed of the most typical association of the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European black pine (Pinus nigra), oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) also occurs in the landscape. Sampled trees are located within a 1km radius of the abandoned historic ore mines. Sample sites were located above the old mines and waste rock heaps, under the waste rock heaps and on the floodplain of the Ilona Creek. The sampled trees were selected by the following criteria: the tree should be healthy, showing no signs of thunderbolt or diseases and having a minimum diameter of 50 cm. Samples were taken with a tree borer at the height of 150 cm. At the same time, soil samples were also taken near the trees in a 25 cm depth. Prior to laboratory analysis, the samples measured and air dried. Every fifth years tree ring was taken from the samples under microscope, working backwards from the most recent outer ring (2012, the year of the sampling). Samples were digested with a mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2m in Teflon vessels in a microwave unit. The samples were analyzed by ICP-OES instrument. The results were evaluated with statistical method. Results revealed a consistent picture showing distinct locations and years of the contamination history in the former mining area. Some elements are built into the trees more efficiently than other elements depending on mobility in the soil solution that is influenced by soil chemical properties

Methode d'identification parametrique pour la surveillance in situ des joints a recouvrement par propagation d'ondes vibratoires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Francoeur, Dany

Cette these de doctorat s'inscrit dans le cadre de projets CRIAQ (Consortium de recherche et d'innovation en aerospatiale du Quebec) orientes vers le developpement d'approches embarquees pour la detection de defauts dans des structures aeronautiques. L'originalite de cette these repose sur le developpement et la validation d'une nouvelle methode de detection, quantification et localisation d'une entaille dans une structure de joint a recouvrement par la propagation d'ondes vibratoires. La premiere partie expose l'etat des connaissances sur l'identification d'un defaut dans le contexte du Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), ainsi que la modelisation de joint a recouvrements. Le chapitre 3 developpe le modele de propagation d'onde d'un joint a recouvrement endommage par une entaille pour une onde de flexion dans la plage des moyennes frequences (10-50 kHz). A cette fin, un modele de transmission de ligne (TLM) est realise pour representer un joint unidimensionnel (1D). Ce modele 1D est ensuite adapte a un joint bi-dimensionnel (2D) en faisant l'hypothese d'un front d'onde plan incident et perpendiculaire au joint. Une methode d'identification parametrique est ensuite developpee pour permettre a la fois la calibration du modele du joint a recouvrement sain, la detection puis la caracterisation de l'entaille situee sur le joint. Cette methode est couplee a un algorithme qui permet une recherche exhaustive de tout l'espace parametrique. Cette technique permet d'extraire une zone d'incertitude reliee aux parametres du modele optimal. Une etude de sensibilite est egalement realisee sur l'identification. Plusieurs resultats de mesure sur des joints a recouvrements 1D et 2D sont realisees permettant ainsi l'etude de la repetabilite des resultats et la variabilite de differents cas d'endommagement. Les resultats de cette etude demontrent d'abord que la methode de detection proposee est tres efficace et permet de suivre la progression d'endommagement. De tres bons resultats

Teledetection passive et processus decisionnel a reference spatiale: Application a l'aquaculture en milieu marin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Habbane, Mohamed

parametres sont compares deux a deux par rapport a la carte preliminaire regionale d'indices du potentiel maricole pour determiner leur poids relatif. La carte finale produite avec ces parametres du niveau 2 presente un secteur ou les indices du potentiel maricole sont de 0,5 a 0,75. Ce secteur longe la cote et epouse les isobathes de 10 a 30 m de profondeur. L'effet de la profondeur d'eau semble avoir jouer un role important. Le secteur de potentiel maricole de 0,25 a 0,5 est toujours present et couvre une superficie d'environ 426 kmsp2. L'etude necessitera toujours un suivi des conditions environnementales prevalant dans la region. Ce suivi peut etre effectue a l'aide d'un outil de vision aerospatiale (capteurs de teledetection) et d'analyse spatio-temporelle (SIG-PDRS). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Marginal notes for a centenary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balázs, Lajos G.

2001-10-01

Piszkesteto of the Matra mountain NE from Budapest. In 1982 the solar physics observatory joined the national observatory again and the Astronomical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was formed. The change of the political system in 1990 removed the embargo for products of high technology and a significant modernization was carried out in the institute. The centenary is an important occasion for thinking on the main issues of strength keeping our institute in existence.

Mudflow Hazards in the Georgian Caucasus - Using Participatory Methods to Investigate Disaster Risk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spanu, Valentina; McCall, Michael; Gaprindashvili, George

2014-05-01

The Caucasus form an extremely complex mountainous area of Georgia in terms of geology and the scale and frequency of natural disaster processes. These processes, especially mudflows, frequently result in considerable damage to the settlements, farmlands and infrastructure facilities. The occurrence intervals between mudflows are becoming significantly shorter, therefore the most populated areas and infrastucture need to be included in risk zones. This presentation reviews the case of the mudflow problem in Mleta village in the region of Dusheti where the mudflow risk is critical. The villages of Zemo Mleta (Higher Mleta) and Kvemo Mleta (Lower Mleta) are entirely surrounded by unstable slopes where mudslides, landslides and floods are often generated. These hazards occur at least twice per year and sometimes result in severe events. In 2006 and 2010 in Mleta village a very severe mudflow event occurred creating heavy damage. This paper focuses on the recognition of the importance of cooperating with the local communities affected by these disasters, in order to get useful information and local knowledge to apply to disaster prevention and management. In October 2010, the EU-financed MATRA Project (Institutional Capacity Building in Natural Disaster Risk Reduction) in Georgia included fieldworks in several locations. Particular attention was given to Mleta village in the Caucasus Mountains, where the activities focused on institutional capacity-building in disaster risk reduction, including modern spatial planning approaches and technologies and the development of risk communication strategies. Participatory methods of acquiring local knowledge from local communities reveal many advantages compared to traditional survey approaches for collecting data. In a participatory survey and planning approach, local authorities, experts and local communities are supposed to work together to provide useful information and eventually produce a plan for Disaster Risk Reduction

Developpement d'un montage simulant l'erosion par la pluie pour l'evaluation des revetements glaciophobes dans le domaine aerospatial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tremblay, Sarah-Eve

Ce memoire presente le developpement d’un montage simulant l’erosion par la pluie afin d’effectuer l’evaluation de differents revetements glaciophobes dans le domaine aerospatial. Bien que plusieurs revetements presentent une bonne efficacite a reduire l’adherence et/ou l’accumulation de glace, ils ne repondent pas necessairement aux normes de resistance a l’erosion simulee par les gouttes de pluie les frappant a grande vitesse. Il n’existe qu’une installation en Amerique du Nord offrant un service d’essai qui evalue la resistance a l’erosion par la pluie suivant les normes aerospatiales. Etant l’unique institution pouvant faire la certification de peintures utilisees sur les avions en ce qui a trait a l’erosion par la pluie, ce service est donc difficile d’acces et couteux. Le laboratoire international des materiaux antigivre (LIMA) a developpe un essai plus rapide et moins couteux, facilitant ainsi le developpement de revetements glaciophobes devant resister a l’erosion par la pluie. Dans cette etude, le developpement du montage d’erosion par la pluie effectue au laboratoire des materiaux antigivre (LIMA) est presente. En particulier, des essais sur quatre (4) revetements dont la resistance a l’erosion est connue, et sur trois revetements industriels, ont ete effectues afin d’ajuster les differents parametres du montage comme la pression et la temperature de l’eau ainsi que la robustesse du montage. Ensuite, des essais de sensibilite et de reproductibilite des resultats ont egalement ete effectues pour fin de validation du montage et du protocole experimental. Pour ce faire, le montage de type jet d’eau developpe consiste principalement en une pompe a haute pression qui projette un jet d’eau continu passant par les orifices d’un disque tournant. Cette operation permet de generer une goutte de pluie simulee qui est projetee sur un echantillon de revetement statique. L’essai est base sur la norme standard ASTM (Liquid

HIPPARCOS satellite: Aeritalia involvement and system test activities and results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strim, B.; Cugno, W.; Morsillo, G.

In 1989 the European Space Agency is scheduled to launch HIPPARCOS on a 2.5-year mission that will revolutionize the state of astronomy. This is the first satellite to be dedicated to astrometry, a branch of astronomy that deals with the position of celestial objects and their motion in space. With an accuracy impossible to achieve from Earth, HIPPARCOS will make position, trigonometric parallax and proper motion measurements of some 100.000 pre-selected stars. The data will be used to calculate each star's distance and motion, providing astronomers with an unprecedented map of the heavens. In the end, the HIPPARCOS mission is expected to reveal surprisingly new insight into theories of stellar evolution, as well as into the nature of our galaxy and the universe. The program has been awarded to the MESH industrial consortium for definition, development and production. The French firm MATRA (prime contractor) and the AERITALIA SPACE SYSTEMS GROUP (major co-contractor) share program responsibility. AERITALIA is in charge of the spacecraft or "service module". This is the structural platform for the telescope payload and provides all subsystem services including thermal control, data handling, telecommunications, electrical power distribution, power generation, attitude and orbit control, and apogee kick motor. AERITALIA is responsible for the procurement of all spacecraft subsystems for which it directs the activities of a multinational team of subcontractors. In addition, it is in charge of the satellite's final assembly, integration and testing, as well as for the procurement of all ground support equipment for satellite testing. HIPPARCOS stands for HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite. Its name is also intended to honor the Greek astronomer Hipparchus (190-120 BC) who compiled the first star catalog and who first used trigonometric parallax to calculate the distance to the moon. (Parallax is the apparent shift in a celestial body's position in the sky

Europe is going to Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-06-01

for future exploration. ESA is now able to afford Mars Express because it will be built more quickly and cheaply than any other comparable mission. It will be the first of the Agency's new flexible missions, based on maximum reuse of technology off-the-shelf and from other missions (the Rosetta cometary mission in this case). Mars Express will explore the extent to which innovative working practices, now made possible by the maturity of Europe's space industry, can cut mission costs and the time from concept to launch : a new kind of relationship with industrial partners is starting. "We are adopting a new approach to management by delegating to Matra Marconi Space (the prime contractor) responsibility for the whole project. This means we can reduce the ESA's management costs" says Bonnet. Despite the knock-down price, however, the future of Mars Express has hung in the balance because of the steady erosion of ESA's space science budget since 1995. Last November, the SPC said the mission could go ahead only if it could be afforded without affecting missions already approved, especially the FIRST infra-red observatory and the Planck mission to measure the cosmic microwave background. On 19/20 May, the SPC, which has the ultimate decision over the Agency's science missions, agreed that the level of resources allowed was just sufficient to allow Mars Express to go ahead. "To do such an ambitious mission for so little money is a challenge and we have decided to meet", says Balsiger.

Effets de l'humidite sur la propagation du delaminage dans un composite carbone/epoxy sollicite en mode mixte I/II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LeBlanc, Luc R.

Les materiaux composites sont de plus en plus utilises dans des domaines tels que l'aerospatiale, les voitures a hautes performances et les equipements sportifs, pour en nommer quelques-uns. Des etudes ont demontre qu'une exposition a l'humidite nuit a la resistance des composites en favorisant l'initiation et la propagation du delaminage. De ces etudes, tres peu traitent de l'effet de l'humidite sur l'initiation du delaminage en mode mixte I/II et aucune ne traite des effets de l'humidite sur le taux de propagation du delaminage en mode mixte I/II dans un composite. La premiere partie de cette these consiste a determiner les effets de l'humidite sur la propagation du delaminage lors d'une sollicitation en mode mixte I/II. Des eprouvettes d'un composite unidirectionnel de carbone/epoxy (G40-800/5276-1) ont ete immergees dans un bain d'eau distillee a 70°C jusqu'a leur saturation. Des essais experimentaux quasi-statiques avec des chargements d'une gamme de mixites des modes I/II (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% et 100%) ont ete executes pour determiner les effets de l'humidite sur la resistance au delaminage du composite. Des essais de fatigue ont ete realises, avec la meme gamme de mixite des modes I/II, pour determiner 1'effet de 1'humidite sur l'initiation et sur le taux de propagation du delaminage. Les resultats des essais en chargement quasi-statique ont demontre que l'humidite reduit la resistance au delaminage d'un composite carbone/epoxy pour toute la gamme des mixites des modes I/II, sauf pour le mode I ou la resistance au delaminage augmente apres une exposition a l'humidite. Pour les chargements en fatigue, l'humidite a pour effet d'accelerer l'initiation du delaminage et d'augmenter le taux de propagation pour toutes les mixites des modes I/II. Les donnees experimentales recueillies ont ete utilisees pour determiner lesquels des criteres de delaminage en statique et des modeles de taux de propagation du delaminage en fatigue en mode mixte I/II proposes dans la

Prestigious award for SOHO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2003-09-01

founded in 1960, in Stockholm, Sweden, to foster the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes. Its current membership includes individuals from 68 countries. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA to study the Sun, from its deep core to the outer corona, and the solar wind. Fourteen European countries, led by the European Space Agency and prime contractor Astrium (formerly Matra-Marconi), built the SOHO spacecraft. It carries twelve instruments (nine European-led and three American-led) and was launched by an NASA's Atlas II-AS rocket on 2 December 1995. Mission operations are coordinated at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. The spacecraft was designed for a two-year-mission but its spectacular success has led to two extensions of the mission, the first until 2003, and then again until March 2007.

Amelioration de l'aerodynamisme des ailes d'avion par actionnement plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demers, Francis

11.67 inch-chord Aerospatiale-A airfoil with a DBD actuator placed on the suction side at a 15, 20 and 30 m/s incoming flow velocity for a Reynolds number of 2,8 x 10 5, 3,8 x 105 and 5,7 x 105, respectively, and an angle of attack (AOA) of 3º for concept one and 13.3° for concept two and three. The experiments were performed in a closed-loop wind tunnel with a square 24 inch x 24 inch test section. The 2D extruded wing was mounted vertically wall to wall at one chord downstream the entrance of the 96 inch long test section. Lift was calculated by pressure integration from 48 static pressure holes placed on the wing surface. Drag was obtained by wake survey with two Pitot-static tubes mounted on 2-D traverse systems placed half a chord upstream and one chord downstream of the wing. All the pressures were acquired simultaneously by four 16-channel piezo electric pressure scanners. The pressure side of the wing is made of aluminium while the suction side consist of 5 mm thick photopolymer panels made by stereolithography. The photopolymer panels also served as the dielectric material for the plasma actuator making the actuator non-intrusive to the flow. Prior 2-D simulations using the commercial RANS CFD code FLUENT solver had been carried out to design the test wing and determine the best placement of the DBD actuator. The plasma actuator was modeled as a time-averaged spatial body force distribution obtained from the DBD actuator model of Lemire and Vo (2011) and implemented in the CFD solver as a source term in the momentum equations. From the results of these simulations the DBD actuator was placed on the test wing at 26 % chord for concept 1, which is inside the laminar separation bubble responsible for bypass transition of the test wing at 3° AOA at nominal upstream flow velocity of 30 m/s without actuation. For the second and third concept, the optimum locations was found to be at 65 % and 54 % chord, which is near the separation of the boundary layer of the

Hipparcos to deliver its final results catalogue soon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-10-01

itself a time so inconceivably long that only a few revolutions of our Galaxy have been completed since its formation - dinosaurs ruling our planet less than one quarter of a revolution ago. Hipparcos has measured the details of this cosmic procession, and will allow a clear disentangling of the motions of the individual stars ; which lie relatively close to our Sun? which are massive highly-luminous stars at great distances from it ? which are moving in an orbit close to our Sun's ? and which are racing away from it hundreds of times faster than the speed of sound ? After eight years in the planning and construction stages, Matra Marconi Space, Alenia Spazio, and their 30 or so high-technology industrial partners delivered the Hipparcos satellite to ESA, on schedule and within cost. With the exception of its boost motor, the satellite and all its instruments functioned flawlessly, and indeed surpassed all expectations - in spite of he harsh environment that it was subjected to in its unintended orbit. The Matra Marconi Space Project Manager, Michel Bouffard, expressed his own satisfaction with the Hipparcos Catalogue completion, and remarked hat "the Hipparcos project is definitely one of the best examples of intense and fruitful collaboration between ESA, industry and scientist". A few more months work will be required before the Hipparcos Catalogue, and its companion Tycho Catalogue of more than a million stars, can be released by the European Space Agency. "We have to fit into the completed catalogue all of the double stars, and all of the magnitude measurements, that have been acquired", explained Dr Michael Perryman, ESA's scientist working with the European scientific teams. "But the schedule for this has now been drawn up " he added. Scientists who formulated parts of the satellite's observing programme, and who were involved in the analysis of the satellite data, will be given the first opportunity to try to understand what the data mean, from an astronomical

XMM-Newton detects X-ray 'solar cycle' in distant star

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-05-01

the European Space Agency and prime contractor Astrium (formerly Matra-Marconi), built the SOHO spacecraft. It carries twelve instruments (nine European-led and three American-led) and was launched by an NASA's Atlas II-AS rocket on 2 December 1995. Mission operations are coordinated at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. The spacecraft was designed for a two-year mission but its spectacular success has led to two extensions of the mission, the first until 2003, and then again until March 2007. More information on SOHO can be found at: http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMJFH374OD_1_spk.html

First 3D view of solar eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-07-01

loops, rather than a bubble or rope-like structure. Although this technique had been independently developed previously to study relatively static structures in the solar atmosphere during eclipses, this is the first time that it is applied to fast moving CMEs. Moran and Davila believe that their method will complement data from the upcoming NASA’s Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, scheduled for launch in February 2006. STEREO will use two widely separated spacecraft to construct 3D views of CMEs by combining images from the different vantage points of the twin spacecraft. Commenting on this result, Bernhard Fleck, SOHO Project Scientist at ESA, said: "These are really amazing images. Once again scientists have come up with a clever idea for analysing SOHO data in ways that were not even dreamt of when the mission was designed." Movie: http://esamultimedia.esa.int/images/spcs/soho/soho20040702.mpg 3 stills from the movie http://esamultimedia.esa.int/images/spcs/soho/soho20040702c.tiff http://esamultimedia.esa.int/images/spcs/soho/soho20040702d.tiff http://esamultimedia.esa.int/images/spcs/soho/soho20040702e.tiff This movie shows a 3D rendering of the data in Figure 2. It starts out viewing the Sun from SOHO's perspective, then rotates the scene to view the data from the side, and finally from the top. Note that one distinct feature shown at about 11 o'clock in Figure 2 panel a has been left out of the movie, because it is a static structure and not a part of the CME. Notes to Editors: This new result by T. Moran and J. Davila is published in today’s issue of the magazine Science. More about SOHO SOHO is a project of international co-operation between ESA and NASA to study the Sun, from its deep core to the outer corona, and the solar wind. Fourteen European countries, led by the European Space Agency and prime contractor Astrium (formerly Matra-Marconi), built the SOHO spacecraft. It carries twelve instruments (nine European-led and three

Hipparcos: mission accomplished

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1993-08-01

prime contractor was Matra Marconi Space (France), also responsible for the payload and the on-board software development: with Alenia (Italy) responsible for the procurement of the spacecraft, as well as integration and testing of the complete satellite. A total of 35 European firms were involved in the satellite construction. The satellite was launched by Ariane 4 on 8 August 1989. Hipparcos was named after the pioneer Greek astronomer Hipparchus who compiled a detailed star map in around 120 BC and, by comparing it with observations made by his predecessors, established that the Earth's rotation axis slowly changed its direction in space. The Hipparcos satellite carried out its measurements in a highly elliptical 10-hour orbit, ranging between 500 km and 36,000 km above the Earth's surface, resulting from non-functioning of the satellite's apogee boost motor shortly after launch. A redesign of the on-board attitude control system, and the addition of two more ground stations into the control network, nevertheless allowed ESA's operations team at ESOC (Darmstadt, Germany) to operate the satellite with close to full efficiency. For the 20-strong operations team at ESOC and the ground station teams in Perth (Australia), Goldstone (USA) and Kourou (French Guiana) the mission has been highly interesting, challenging and very demanding. "After more than three years of excellent performance, underlining the remarkable quality of the satellite's design and construction, it was showing its age in several areas" said Dietmar Heger, ESOC's Spacecraft Operations Manager for Hipparcos. "The orbit was subjected to very significant levels of high energy electron and proton radiation, much higher than those expected in its intended geostationary orbit. We cannot be surprised or disappointed that the satellite has finally ceased to function" he said. The scientific activities associated with the Hipparcos mission are under the responsibility of four European scientific teams

Five years of discoveries with SOHO have made the Sun transparent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2001-04-01

regions of the Sun. Typical wind speeds of 50 000 kilometres per hour can become ten times faster in gusts. The alien breeze. A wind of gas from the stars blows through the Solar System, and the solar wind fights it. SOHO has fixed its direction (from the Ophiuchus constellation) and its speed (21 kilometres per second) more accurately. Some facts and figures about SOHO * With scientists from 62 institutes in 15 countries, in the teams that provide and operate the instruments, and with industries in 15 countries contributing to the spacecraft’s construction, SOHO is a masterpiece of international collaboration. * Weighing 1.85 tonnes at launch, the European-built SOHO was dispatched by a NASA rocket on 2 December 1995, and transferred to the vicinity of Lagrange Point No. 1, where it now hovers, 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. * The spacecraft was commissioned in April 1996 for a nominal operational life of two years, but this was later extended by five years until the end of March 2003. * Observations were severely interrupted twice, between 25 June and 5 November 1998, and between 21 December 1998 and 2 February 1999. The first event was due to loss of contact and control, and the second to gyroscope failure. In both cases ESA and NASA engineers, fully supported by SOHO’s constructor Matra Marconi Space, now Astrium, worked wonders to restore the spacecraft to full operations. * More than 30 eruptions called solar proton events have bombarded SOHO with energetic particles. The most severe, on 14 July and 9 November 2000, temporarily blinded SOHO’s instruments with particle ‘snow’ and slightly impaired the efficiency of the spacecraft’s power-generating solar panels. * More than 3600 coronal mass ejections from the Sun have been observed by SOHO’s LASCO instrument, making an average of two per day during SOHO’s 5 years of observations. * SOHO is by far the most prolific discoverer of new comets in the entire history of astronomy. By mid-April 2001

European astronaut selected for the third Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1998-08-01

The STS-104 crew will rendezvous with the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope, which is the size of a city bus, capture it using the Shuttle's Canadian robot arm and secure it in Columbia's payload bay. Then, working in teams of two, the four astronauts will leave the Shuttle's pressurised cabin and venture into the payload bay, performing a variety of tasks that will improve the productivity and reliability of the telescope. The four astronauts will perform a series of six "extravehicular" activities in the open space environment. Such activities are commonly called spacewalks, but this term does little justice to the considerable physical and mental efforts that astronauts need to make in doing the very demanding work involved. The Shuttle commander and pilot for this flight have not yet been appointed, but the four designated mission specialists begin training for the STS-104 mission immediately. "The ambitious nature of this mission, with its six spacewalks, made it important for the payload crew to begin training as early as possible," said David C. Leestma, NASA Director of Flight Crew Operations at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, to which Claude Nicollier is on resident assignment from ESA's European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany, the home base of the European astronaut corps. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit in April 1990. It is one of the most capable optical telescopes available to astronomers today, producing images and spectral observations at the forefront of astronomy. The European Space Agency contributed a 15 share to the development of Hubble. One of the five scientific instruments on board, the Faint Object Camera, was built by a European industrial consortium made up of British Aerospace, Dornier and Matra under a contract with the European Space Agency. The solar arrays which provide Hubble with electrical power were manufactured by British Aerospace and Dornier. In its eight years of operation, the telescope has not

Hubble Space Telescope: The Telescope, the Observations & the Servicing Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-11-01

the way for other space-based observatories. How the mission was named Hubble Space Telescope is named after Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953), who was one of the great pioneers of modern astronomy. Industrial Involvement The ESA contribution to HST included the Solar Panels and the Faint Object Camera (FOC). Prime contractors for the FOC were Dornier (now DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, Germany), and Matra (France); for the Solar Panels British Aerospace (UK). Launch date: April 25, 1990 Launcher: Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31) Launch mass: 11 110 kg Dimensions Length: 15.9 m, diameter: 4.2 m. In addition two solar panels each 2.4 x 12.1 m. Payload (current) A 2.4 m f/24 Ritchey-Chretien telescope with four main instruments, currently WFPC2, STIS, NICMOS and FOC. In addition the three fine-guidance sensors are used for astrometric observations (positional astronomy). WFPC2 - Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2 is an electronic camera working at two magnifications. It has four CCD detectors with 800 x 800 pixels. One of these (called Planetary Camera) has a higher resolution (<0.1 arcsecond). STIS - Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph uses so-called MAMAs and CCDs to provide images and spectra. It is sensitive to a wide range of light from UV to Infrared. NICMOS - Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer provides images and spectra in the infrared. NICMOS uses cooled HgCdTe detectors. Currently NICMOS is dormant and awaits a new cooler to be provided during Servicing Mission 3B. FOC - Faint Object Camera - a very high resolution camera built by ESA. FOC is no longer in use and will be replaced by the new Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) during Servicing Mission 3B. Orbit Circular, 593 km with a 28.5 degree inclination. Operations Science operations are co-ordinated and conducted by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore. Overall management of daily on-orbit operations is carried out by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt. Ground

SOHO hunts elusive solar prey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-10-01

SOHO will carry twelve sophisticated telescopes and other instruments, developed in record time by twelve international consortia involving scientific institutes in 15 countries. Roger M. Bonnet, the Director of ESA’s Scientific Programme said: "Each one of these instruments by itself would be enough to make major breakthroughs in our understanding of the Sun. But what makes SOHO such an exciting mission is that we will operate all the instruments together and find possible links between various phenomena at different levels in the volume of the Sun and in the interplanetary medium". Four years of intense efforts by space engineering teams in ESA and across Europe, under the leadership of the prime contractor Matra Marconi Space of Toulouse, France, have fulflled the dream of scientists who wished to build a superb space observatory for examining the Sun. SOHO, together with the four-spacecraft Cluster mission - which will explore near-Earth space, forms the Solar-Terrestrial Science Programme, the first cornerstone in ESA’s long-term programme 'Horizon 2000'. No night time for SOHO Instead of being placed in orbit around the Earth, SOHO will be lofted to a position where the gravitational pulls of the Earth and the Sun cancel each other out exactly, at 1.5 million kilometres sunward from the Earth. This is known in astronomy as the inner Lagrangian point after the French mathematician, Joseph Louis Lagrange, who first calculated its position near the end of the eighteenth century. SOHO will fly in an elliptical, or "halo" orbit around the Lagrangian point, with an orbit radius of about 600,000 kilometres, allowing the spacecraft to experience perpetual day. It will have a continuous, uninterrupted view of the Sun for twenty four hours of the day, all three hundred and sixty five days of the year, producing an extraordinary amount of data. All previous solar observatories have either been on the Earth or in orbit around our planet. On the Earth, telescopes are