49 CFR 174.83 - Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., freight containers, and bulk packagings. 174.83 Section 174.83 Transportation Other Regulations Relating... Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.83 Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings. (a) In switching operations where the use of hand brakes is necessary— (1...

49 CFR 174.83 - Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., freight containers, and bulk packagings. 174.83 Section 174.83 Transportation Other Regulations Relating... Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.83 Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings. (a) In switching operations where the use of hand brakes is necessary— (1...

49 CFR 174.83 - Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., freight containers, and bulk packagings. 174.83 Section 174.83 Transportation Other Regulations Relating... Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.83 Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings. (a) In switching operations where the use of hand brakes is necessary— (1...

49 CFR 174.83 - Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., freight containers, and bulk packagings. 174.83 Section 174.83 Transportation Other Regulations Relating... Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.83 Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings. (a) In switching operations where the use of hand brakes is necessary— (1...

49 CFR 174.83 - Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., freight containers, and bulk packagings. 174.83 Section 174.83 Transportation Other Regulations Relating... Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.83 Switching placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings. (a) In switching operations where the use of hand brakes is necessary— (1...

49 CFR 174.82 - General requirements for the handling of placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General requirements for the handling of placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packages. 174.82 Section 174.82 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS...

49 CFR 174.82 - General requirements for the handling of placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General requirements for the handling of placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packages. 174.82 Section 174.82 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS...

49 CFR 174.84 - Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk packagings when accompanied by guards or technical escorts. 174.84 Section 174.84 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION,...

49 CFR 174.84 - Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk packagings when accompanied by guards or technical escorts. 174.84 Section 174.84 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION,...

49 CFR 174.84 - Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... moving or standing train must be next to and ahead of any car occupied by the guards or technical escorts... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Position in train of loaded placarded rail cars, transport vehicles, freight containers or bulk packagings when accompanied by guards or technical escorts...

49 CFR 174.85 - Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Position in train of placarded cars, transport... TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS CARRIAGE BY RAIL Handling of Placarded Rail Cars, Transport Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.85 Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight...

49 CFR 174.85 - Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Position in train of placarded cars, transport... TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS CARRIAGE BY RAIL Handling of Placarded Rail Cars, Transport Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.85 Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight...

49 CFR 177.817 - Shipping papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... shipments to be transported in a cargo tank supplied by the carrier. (c) Requirements when interlining with... or delivers a freight container or transport vehicle to a rail carrier for further transportation: (1) A description of the freight container or transport vehicle; and (2) The kind of placard affixed to...

49 CFR 172.521 - DANGEROUS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false DANGEROUS placard. 172.521 Section 172.521... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.521 DANGEROUS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS placard... B to this part, the DANGEROUS placard must have a red upper and lower triangle. The placard center...

49 CFR 172.521 - DANGEROUS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false DANGEROUS placard. 172.521 Section 172.521... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.521 DANGEROUS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS placard... B to this part, the DANGEROUS placard must have a red upper and lower triangle. The placard center...

49 CFR 172.521 - DANGEROUS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false DANGEROUS placard. 172.521 Section 172.521... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.521 DANGEROUS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS placard... B to this part, the DANGEROUS placard must have a red upper and lower triangle. The placard center...

49 CFR 172.530 - OXYGEN placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OXYGEN placard. 172.530 Section 172.530... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.530 OXYGEN placard. (a) Except for size and color, the OXYGEN placard must... background color on the OXYGEN placard must be yellow. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must...

49 CFR 172.530 - OXYGEN placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OXYGEN placard. 172.530 Section 172.530... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.530 OXYGEN placard. (a) Except for size and color, the OXYGEN placard must... background color on the OXYGEN placard must be yellow. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must...

49 CFR 172.530 - OXYGEN placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OXYGEN placard. 172.530 Section 172.530... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.530 OXYGEN placard. (a) Except for size and color, the OXYGEN placard must... background color on the OXYGEN placard must be yellow. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must...

49 CFR 172.530 - OXYGEN placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OXYGEN placard. 172.530 Section 172.530... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.530 OXYGEN placard. (a) Except for size and color, the OXYGEN placard must... background color on the OXYGEN placard must be yellow. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must...

49 CFR 172.530 - OXYGEN placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OXYGEN placard. 172.530 Section 172.530... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.530 OXYGEN placard. (a) Except for size and color, the OXYGEN placard must... background color on the OXYGEN placard must be yellow. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must...

49 CFR 172.554 - POISON placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false POISON placard. 172.554 Section 172.554... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.554 POISON placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.057 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the background on the POISON...

49 CFR 172.554 - POISON placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false POISON placard. 172.554 Section 172.554... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.554 POISON placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.057 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the background on the POISON...

49 CFR 172.554 - POISON placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false POISON placard. 172.554 Section 172.554... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.554 POISON placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.057 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the background on the POISON...

49 CFR 172.554 - POISON placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false POISON placard. 172.554 Section 172.554... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.554 POISON placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.057 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the background on the POISON...

49 CFR 172.554 - POISON placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false POISON placard. 172.554 Section 172.554... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.554 POISON placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.057 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the background on the POISON...

33 CFR 159.59 - Placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Placard. 159.59 Section 159.59 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.59 Placard. Each device must have a placard...

49 CFR 172.540 - POISON GAS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false POISON GAS placard. 172.540 Section 172.540... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.540 POISON GAS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON GAS... the POISON GAS placard and the symbol must be white. The background of the upper diamond must be black...

49 CFR 172.540 - POISON GAS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false POISON GAS placard. 172.540 Section 172.540... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.540 POISON GAS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON GAS... the POISON GAS placard and the symbol must be white. The background of the upper diamond must be black...

49 CFR 172.540 - POISON GAS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false POISON GAS placard. 172.540 Section 172.540... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.540 POISON GAS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON GAS... the POISON GAS placard and the symbol must be white. The background of the upper diamond must be black...

49 CFR 172.540 - POISON GAS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false POISON GAS placard. 172.540 Section 172.540... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.540 POISON GAS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON GAS... the POISON GAS placard and the symbol must be white. The background of the upper diamond must be black...

49 CFR 172.540 - POISON GAS placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false POISON GAS placard. 172.540 Section 172.540... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.540 POISON GAS placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON GAS... the POISON GAS placard and the symbol must be white. The background of the upper diamond must be black...

49 CFR 172.546 - FLAMMABLE SOLID placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false FLAMMABLE SOLID placard. 172.546 Section 172.546... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.546 FLAMMABLE SOLID placard. (a) Except for size and color, the FLAMMABLE SOLID placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.051 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the...

49 CFR 172.546 - FLAMMABLE SOLID placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false FLAMMABLE SOLID placard. 172.546 Section 172.546... SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.546 FLAMMABLE SOLID placard. (a) Except for size and color, the FLAMMABLE SOLID placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.051 (b) In addition to complying with § 172.519, the...

49 CFR 172.555 - POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. 172.555 Section... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.555 POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard must be as follows: ER22JY97.025 (b) In addition to...

49 CFR 172.555 - POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. 172.555 Section... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.555 POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard must be as follows: ER22JY97.025 (b) In addition to...

49 CFR 172.555 - POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. 172.555 Section... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.555 POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard must be as follows: ER22JY97.025 (b) In addition to...

49 CFR 172.555 - POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. 172.555 Section... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.555 POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard must be as follows: ER22JY97.025 (b) In addition to...

49 CFR 172.555 - POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. 172.555 Section... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.555 POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard. (a) Except for size and color, the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard must be as follows: ER22JY97.025 (b) In addition to...

49 CFR 172.548 - DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. 172.548 Section 172... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.548 DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.053 (b) In addition to complying with...

49 CFR 172.548 - DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. 172.548 Section 172... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.548 DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.053 (b) In addition to complying with...

49 CFR 172.548 - DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. 172.548 Section 172... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.548 DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.053 (b) In addition to complying with...

49 CFR 172.548 - DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. 172.548 Section 172... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.548 DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.053 (b) In addition to complying with...

49 CFR 172.548 - DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. 172.548 Section 172... REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.548 DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard. (a) Except for size and color, the DANGEROUS WHEN WET placard must be as follows: EC02MR91.053 (b) In addition to complying with...

14 CFR 23.1567 - Flight maneuver placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight maneuver placard. 23.1567 Section 23... Information Markings and Placards § 23.1567 Flight maneuver placard. (a) For normal category airplanes, there... the approved acrobatic maneuvers and the recommended entry airspeed for each. If inverted flight...

14 CFR 23.1567 - Flight maneuver placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight maneuver placard. 23.1567 Section 23... Information Markings and Placards § 23.1567 Flight maneuver placard. (a) For normal category airplanes, there... the approved acrobatic maneuvers and the recommended entry airspeed for each. If inverted flight...

46 CFR 185.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 185.516 Section 185.516 Shipping...) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places...

46 CFR 185.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 185.516 Section 185.516 Shipping...) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places...

46 CFR 185.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 185.516 Section 185.516 Shipping...) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places...

46 CFR 185.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 185.516 Section 185.516 Shipping...) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places...

46 CFR 185.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 185.516 Section 185.516 Shipping...) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places...

46 CFR 122.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 122.516 Section 122.516 Shipping... Emergencies § 122.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places that are regularly accessible...

46 CFR 122.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 122.516 Section 122.516 Shipping... Emergencies § 122.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places that are regularly accessible...

46 CFR 122.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 122.516 Section 122.516 Shipping... Emergencies § 122.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places that are regularly accessible...

46 CFR 122.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 122.516 Section 122.516 Shipping... Emergencies § 122.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places that are regularly accessible...

46 CFR 122.516 - Life jacket placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Life jacket placards. 122.516 Section 122.516 Shipping... Emergencies § 122.516 Life jacket placards. (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places that are regularly accessible...

49 CFR 172.507 - Special placarding provisions: Highway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special placarding provisions: Highway. 172.507..., TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.507 Special placarding provisions: Highway. (a) Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7...

49 CFR 172.507 - Special placarding provisions: Highway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Special placarding provisions: Highway. 172.507..., TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.507 Special placarding provisions: Highway. (a) Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7...

49 CFR 172.507 - Special placarding provisions: Highway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special placarding provisions: Highway. 172.507..., TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.507 Special placarding provisions: Highway. (a) Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7...

49 CFR 172.507 - Special placarding provisions: Highway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Special placarding provisions: Highway. 172.507..., TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.507 Special placarding provisions: Highway. (a) Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7...

49 CFR 172.507 - Special placarding provisions: Highway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Special placarding provisions: Highway. 172.507..., TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.507 Special placarding provisions: Highway. (a) Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7...

46 CFR 185.518 - Inflatable survival craft placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inflatable survival craft placards. 185.518 Section 185... 100 GROSS TONS) OPERATIONS Preparations for Emergencies § 185.518 Inflatable survival craft placards. (a) Every vessel equipped with an inflatable survival craft must have approved placards or other...

46 CFR 122.518 - Inflatable survival craft placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inflatable survival craft placards. 122.518 Section 122... Preparations for Emergencies § 122.518 Inflatable survival craft placards. (a) Every vessel equipped with an inflatable survival craft must have approved placards or other cards containing instructions for launching...

14 CFR 27.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine engine powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations; and (iv) For pressure...) Emergency exit placards. Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must be red. A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its...

14 CFR 27.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine engine powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations; and (iv) For pressure...) Emergency exit placards. Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must be red. A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its...

14 CFR 27.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine engine powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations; and (iv) For pressure...) Emergency exit placards. Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must be red. A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its...

14 CFR 27.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine engine powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations; and (iv) For pressure...) Emergency exit placards. Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must be red. A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its...

49 CFR 172.505 - Placarding for subsidiary hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION...

49 CFR 172.505 - Placarding for subsidiary hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION...

49 CFR 172.505 - Placarding for subsidiary hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION...

49 CFR 172.505 - Placarding for subsidiary hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION...

49 CFR 172.505 - Placarding for subsidiary hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION...

49 CFR 172.519 - General specifications for placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... meeting the specifications of this section which were in effect on October 1, 2001, (such as, a placard... 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) from each edge. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, the hazard... to the edge of the placard in the area designated on each placard except the color on the CORROSIVE...

49 CFR 172.519 - General specifications for placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meeting the specifications of this section which were in effect on October 1, 2001, (such as, a placard... 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) from each edge. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, the hazard... to the edge of the placard in the area designated on each placard except the color on the CORROSIVE...

49 CFR 172.519 - General specifications for placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meeting the specifications of this section which were in effect on October 1, 2001, (such as, a placard... 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) from each edge. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, the hazard... to the edge of the placard in the area designated on each placard except the color on the CORROSIVE...

49 CFR 172.519 - General specifications for placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meeting the specifications of this section which were in effect on October 1, 2001, (such as, a placard... 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) from each edge. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, the hazard... to the edge of the placard in the area designated on each placard except the color on the CORROSIVE...

36 CFR 520.10 - Placards, signs, banners, and flags.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Placards, signs, banners, and flags. 520.10 Section 520.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION RULES AND... § 520.10 Placards, signs, banners, and flags. The displaying or carrying of placards, signs, banners, or...

49 CFR 172.519 - General specifications for placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Strength and durability. Placards must conform to the following: (1) A placard may be made of any plastic, metal or other material capable of withstanding, without deterioration or a substantial reduction in...

14 CFR 133.49 - Markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Markings and placards. 133.49 Section 133...-LOAD OPERATIONS Airworthiness Requirements § 133.49 Markings and placards. The following markings and... combination for which the rotorcraft has been approved and the occupancy limitation prescribed in § 133.45(a...

14 CFR 29.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if... placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in § 29.811(h)(2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must...

14 CFR 29.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if... placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in § 29.811(h)(2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must...

14 CFR 29.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if... placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in § 29.811(h)(2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must...

14 CFR 29.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if... placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in § 29.811(h)(2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must...

14 CFR 29.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if... placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in § 29.811(h)(2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must...

49 CFR 172.514 - Bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... § 172.302(b)(2) in place of the UN number on an orange panel, placard or white square-on-point; and (5..., shall affix the placards specified for the material in §§ 172.504 and 172.505. (b) Each bulk packaging... § 173.29(b)(1) of this subchapter. (c) Exceptions. The following packagings may be placarded on only two...

49 CFR 172.514 - Bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... § 172.302(b)(2) in place of the UN number on an orange panel, placard or white square-on-point; and (5..., shall affix the placards specified for the material in §§ 172.504 and 172.505. (b) Each bulk packaging... § 173.29(b)(1) of this subchapter. (c) Exceptions. The following packagings may be placarded on only two...

Surrogate fuel assembly multi-axis shaker tests to simulate normal conditions of rail and truck transport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, Paul E.; Koenig, Greg John; Uncapher, William Leonard

2016-05-01

This report describes the third set of tests (the “DCLa shaker tests”) of an instrumented surrogate PWR fuel assembly. The purpose of this set of tests was to measure strains and accelerations on Zircaloy-4 fuel rods when the PWR assembly was subjected to rail and truck loadings simulating normal conditions of transport when affixed to a multi-axis shaker. This is the first set of tests of the assembly simulating rail normal conditions of transport.

Surrogate fuel assembly multi-axis shaker tests to simulate normal conditions of rail and truck transport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, Paul E.; Koenig, Greg John; Uncapher, William Leonard

2016-05-12

This report describes the third set of tests (the “DCL a shaker tests”) of an instrumented surrogate PWR fuel assembly. The purpose of this set of tests was to measure strains and accelerations on Zircaloy-4 fuel rods when the PWR assembly was subjected to rail and truck loadings simulating normal conditions of transport when affixed to a multi-axis shaker. This is the first set of tests of the assembly simulating rail normal conditions of transport.

34 CFR 3.3 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 3.3 Section 3.3 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education OFFICIAL SEAL § 3.3 Authority to affix seal. The Secretary and the Secretary's designees are authorized to affix the Official Seal, replicas, reproductions...

34 CFR 3.3 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 3.3 Section 3.3 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education OFFICIAL SEAL § 3.3 Authority to affix seal. The Secretary and the Secretary's designees are authorized to affix the Official Seal, replicas, reproductions...

34 CFR 3.3 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 3.3 Section 3.3 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education OFFICIAL SEAL § 3.3 Authority to affix seal. The Secretary and the Secretary's designees are authorized to affix the Official Seal, replicas, reproductions...

34 CFR 3.3 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 3.3 Section 3.3 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education OFFICIAL SEAL § 3.3 Authority to affix seal. The Secretary and the Secretary's designees are authorized to affix the Official Seal, replicas, reproductions...

4 CFR 202.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority to affix seal. 202.2 Section 202.2 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD OFFICIAL SEAL § 202.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Board are authorized to affix the official seal (including reproductions) to...

34 CFR 3.3 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 3.3 Section 3.3 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education OFFICIAL SEAL § 3.3 Authority to affix seal. The Secretary and the Secretary's designees are authorized to affix the Official Seal, replicas, reproductions...

4 CFR 202.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Authority to affix seal. 202.2 Section 202.2 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD OFFICIAL SEAL § 202.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Board are authorized to affix the official seal (including reproductions) to...

25 CFR 304.9 - Placards; display of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Placards; display of regulations. 304.9 Section 304.9 Indians INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAVAJO, PUEBLO, AND HOPI SILVER, USE OF... this part, such placard to be furnished by the Indian Arts and Crafts Board. [Regs., Apr. 2, 1937, as...

28 CFR 803.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 803.2 Section... COLUMBIA AGENCY SEAL § 803.2 Authority to affix seal. The Director of CSOSA or PSA (as appropriate) and the Director's designees are authorized to affix the Agency seal (including replicas and reproductions) to...

36 CFR 504.9 - Placards, signs, banners and flags.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Placards, signs, banners and flags. 504.9 Section 504.9 Parks, Forests, and Public Property SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 504.9 Placards, signs, banners and flags...

Zebra finches are able to learn affixation-like patterns.

PubMed

Chen, Jiani; Jansen, Naomi; ten Cate, Carel

2016-01-01

Adding an affix to transform a word is common across the world languages, with the edges of words more likely to carry out such a function. However, detecting affixation patterns is also observed in learning tasks outside the domain of language, suggesting that the underlying mechanism from which affixation patterns have arisen may not be language or even human specific. We addressed whether a songbird, the zebra finch, is able to discriminate between, and generalize, affixation-like patterns. Zebra finches were trained and tested in a Go/Nogo paradigm to discriminate artificial song element sequences resembling prefixed and suffixed 'words.' The 'stems' of the 'words,' consisted of different combinations of a triplet of song elements, to which a fourth element was added as either a 'prefix' or a 'suffix.' After training, the birds were tested with novel stems, consisting of either rearranged familiar element types or novel element types. The birds were able to generalize the affixation patterns to novel stems with both familiar and novel element types. Hence, the discrimination resulting from the training was not based on memorization of individual stimuli, but on a shared property among Go or Nogo stimuli, i.e., affixation patterns. Remarkably, birds trained with suffixation as Go pattern showed clear evidence of using both prefix and suffix, while those trained with the prefix as the Go stimulus used primarily the prefix. This finding illustrates that an asymmetry in attending to different affixations is not restricted to human languages.

46 CFR 167.65-50 - Posting placards of lifesaving signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Posting placards of lifesaving signals. 167.65-50... signals. On all vessels to which this subpart applies there must be readily available to the deck officer of the watch a placard containing instructions for the use of the life saving signals set forth in...

46 CFR 167.65-50 - Posting placards of lifesaving signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Posting placards of lifesaving signals. 167.65-50... signals. On all vessels to which this subpart applies there must be readily available to the deck officer of the watch a placard containing instructions for the use of the life saving signals set forth in...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are authorized to affix the Seal to appropriate documents and other materials of the Commission for all purposes... redelegate, and authorize redelegation of this authority, except that the Secretary may redelegate this...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are authorized to affix the Seal to appropriate documents and other materials of the Commission for all purposes... redelegate, and authorize redelegation of this authority, except that the Secretary may redelegate this...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are authorized to affix the Seal to appropriate documents and other materials of the Commission for all purposes... redelegate, and authorize redelegation of this authority, except that the Secretary may redelegate this...

46 CFR 131.950 - Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery... SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.950 Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery..., Chapter V, of SOLAS 74/83; and (2) In helicopter recovery. (b) The signals must be employed by vessels or...

46 CFR 131.950 - Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery... SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.950 Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery..., Chapter V, of SOLAS 74/83; and (2) In helicopter recovery. (b) The signals must be employed by vessels or...

46 CFR 131.950 - Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery... SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.950 Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery..., Chapter V, of SOLAS 74/83; and (2) In helicopter recovery. (b) The signals must be employed by vessels or...

46 CFR 131.950 - Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery... SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.950 Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery..., Chapter V, of SOLAS 74/83; and (2) In helicopter recovery. (b) The signals must be employed by vessels or...

46 CFR 131.950 - Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery... SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.950 Placard on lifesaving signals and helicopter recovery..., Chapter V, of SOLAS 74/83; and (2) In helicopter recovery. (b) The signals must be employed by vessels or...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

49 CFR 803.3 - Authority to affix Seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Authority to affix Seal. 803.3 Section 803.3 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD OFFICIAL SEAL § 803.3 Authority to affix Seal. (a) The Seal shall be in the custody and control of the...

49 CFR 803.3 - Authority to affix Seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Authority to affix Seal. 803.3 Section 803.3 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD OFFICIAL SEAL § 803.3 Authority to affix Seal. (a) The Seal shall be in the custody and control of the...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

28 CFR 803.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authority to affix seal. 803.2 Section 803.2 Judicial Administration COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AGENCY SEAL § 803.2 Authority to affix seal. The Director of CSOSA or PSA (as appropriate) and the...

33 CFR 151.59 - Placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.59 Placards. (a) The master or person... into all other waters except as specifically allowed; (2) The discharge of all forms of plastic into...

33 CFR 151.59 - Placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.59 Placards. (a) This section applies... following: (1) The discharge of plastic or garbage mixed with plastic into any waters is prohibited. (2) The...

33 CFR 151.59 - Placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.59 Placards. (a) This section applies... following: (1) The discharge of plastic or garbage mixed with plastic into any waters is prohibited. (2) The...

33 CFR 151.59 - Placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.59 Placards. (a) The master or person... into all other waters except as specifically allowed; (2) The discharge of all forms of plastic into...

33 CFR 151.59 - Placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.59 Placards. (a) This section applies... following: (1) The discharge of plastic or garbage mixed with plastic into any waters is prohibited. (2) The...

49 CFR 172.556 - RADIOACTIVE placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... on the RADIOACTIVE placard must be white in the lower portion with a yellow triangle in the upper... horizontal center line. The symbol, text, class number and inner border must be black. [Amdt. 172-123, 56 FR...

49 CFR 172.558 - CORROSIVE placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the CORROSIVE placard must be black in the lower portion with a white triangle in the upper portion... horizontal center line. The text and class number must be white. The symbol and inner border must be black...

46 CFR 169.849 - Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... accessible to the ship's company and guests approved placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts. The number and location of such placards for a particular vessel shall be...

46 CFR 169.849 - Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... accessible to the ship's company and guests approved placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts. The number and location of such placards for a particular vessel shall be...

46 CFR 169.849 - Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... accessible to the ship's company and guests approved placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts. The number and location of such placards for a particular vessel shall be...

46 CFR 169.849 - Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... accessible to the ship's company and guests approved placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts. The number and location of such placards for a particular vessel shall be...

46 CFR 169.849 - Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable liferafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Inspections § 169.849 Posting placards containing instructions for launching and inflating inflatable... accessible to the ship's company and guests approved placards containing instructions for launching and... determined by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. ...

27 CFR 26.136 - Affixing closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Closures for Distilled Spirits From Puerto Rico § 26.136 Affixing closures. Closures or other devices shall be securely...

27 CFR 26.136 - Affixing closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Closures for Distilled Spirits From Puerto Rico § 26.136 Affixing closures. Closures or other devices shall be securely...

27 CFR 26.136 - Affixing closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Closures for Distilled Spirits From Puerto Rico § 26.136 Affixing closures. Closures or other devices shall be securely...

27 CFR 26.136 - Affixing closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Closures for Distilled Spirits From Puerto Rico § 26.136 Affixing closures. Closures or other devices shall be securely...

27 CFR 26.136 - Affixing closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Closures for Distilled Spirits From Puerto Rico § 26.136 Affixing closures. Closures or other devices shall be securely...

37 CFR 212.4 - Affixation and placement of design notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Affixation and placement of design notice. 212.4 Section 212.4 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE AND PROCEDURES PROTECTION OF VESSEL HULL DESIGNS § 212.4 Affixation and placement of design notice. (a) General. (1) This...

Affix Meaning Knowledge in First Through Third Grade Students.

PubMed

Apel, Kenn; Henbest, Victoria Suzanne

2016-04-01

We examined grade-level differences in 1st- through 3rd-grade students' performance on an experimenter-developed affix meaning task (AMT) and determined whether AMT performance explained unique variance in word-level reading and reading comprehension, beyond other known contributors to reading development. Forty students at each grade level completed an assessment battery that included measures of phonological awareness, receptive vocabulary, word-level reading, reading comprehension, and affix meaning knowledge. On the AMT, 1st-grade students were significantly less accurate than 2nd- and 3rd-grade students; there was no significant difference in performance between the 2nd- and 3rd-grade students. Regression analyses revealed that the AMT accounted for 8% unique variance of students' performance on word-level reading measures and 6% unique variance of students' performance on the reading comprehension measure, after age, phonological awareness, and receptive vocabulary were explained. These results provide initial information on the development of affix meaning knowledge via an explicit measure in 1st- through 3rd-grade students and demonstrate that affix meaning knowledge uniquely contributes to the development of reading abilities above other known literacy predictors. These findings provide empirical support for how students might use morphological problem solving to read unknown multimorphemic words successfully.

46 CFR 184.506 - Emergency broadcast placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... broadcast instructions and information, specific to the individual vessel. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 1002, Jan. 10... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency broadcast placard. 184.506 Section 184.506 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS...

14 CFR 23.1567 - Flight maneuver placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirements for acrobatic category airplanes, an additional placard in clear view of the pilot stating: “Spins... pilot— (1) Listing the control actions for recovery from spinning maneuvers; and (2) Stating that recovery must be initiated when spiral characteristics appear, or after not more than six turns or not more...

14 CFR 23.1567 - Flight maneuver placard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... requirements for acrobatic category airplanes, an additional placard in clear view of the pilot stating: “Spins... pilot— (1) Listing the control actions for recovery from spinning maneuvers; and (2) Stating that recovery must be initiated when spiral characteristics appear, or after not more than six turns or not more...

49 CFR 172.522 - EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3 placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3... INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.522 EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3 placards. (a) Except for size and color, the EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3...

49 CFR 172.522 - EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3 placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3... INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Placarding § 172.522 EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3 placards. (a) Except for size and color, the EXPLOSIVES 1.1, EXPLOSIVES 1.2 and EXPLOSIVES 1.3...

Photometric Evaluation of Photo-luminescent Materials for Multi-Egress Guidance Placards: Lighting Environment Test Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maida, James C.

2005-01-01

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate several photo luminescent (PL) materials being considered for construction of emergency egress placards in the International Space Station (ISS). The use of PL material is intended to allow the placards to be read by ISS crew members in the event of an extensive power failure resulting in the loss of interior illumination.

23 CFR 750.153 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...: (a) Sign means an outdoor sign, light, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard... lanes of the highway, exclusive of frontage roads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. (c) Interstate System....S.C. (e) Erect means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw...

23 CFR 750.153 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...: (a) Sign means an outdoor sign, light, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard... lanes of the highway, exclusive of frontage roads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. (c) Interstate System....S.C. (e) Erect means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw...

23 CFR 750.153 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...: (a) Sign means an outdoor sign, light, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard... lanes of the highway, exclusive of frontage roads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. (c) Interstate System....S.C. (e) Erect means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw...

23 CFR 750.153 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...: (a) Sign means an outdoor sign, light, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard... lanes of the highway, exclusive of frontage roads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. (c) Interstate System....S.C. (e) Erect means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw...

23 CFR 750.153 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...: (a) Sign means an outdoor sign, light, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard... lanes of the highway, exclusive of frontage roads, auxiliary lanes, and ramps. (c) Interstate System....S.C. (e) Erect means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw...

37 CFR 211.6 - Methods of affixation and placement of mask work notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... placement of mask work notice. 211.6 Section 211.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE AND PROCEDURES MASK WORK PROTECTION § 211.6 Methods of affixation and placement of mask work notice. (a) General. (1) This section specifies methods of affixation and placement...

49 CFR 174.85 - Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... engine or occupied caboose X X X 2. When train length does not permit, placarded car must be placed near the middle of the train, but not nearer than the second car from an engine or occupied caboose X X X 3... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Position in train of placarded cars, transport...

49 CFR 174.85 - Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... engine or occupied caboose X X X 2. When train length does not permit, placarded car must be placed near the middle of the train, but not nearer than the second car from an engine or occupied caboose X X X 3... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Position in train of placarded cars, transport...

49 CFR 174.85 - Position in train of placarded cars, transport vehicles, freight containers, and bulk packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... engine or occupied caboose X X X 2. When train length does not permit, placarded car must be placed near the middle of the train, but not nearer than the second car from an engine or occupied caboose X X X 3... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Position in train of placarded cars, transport...

29 CFR 1918.99 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING General Working Conditions. § 1918.99 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. (a) Any employer who receives a package...

Learning multiple rules simultaneously: Affixes are more salient than reduplications.

PubMed

Gervain, Judit; Endress, Ansgar D

2017-04-01

Language learners encounter numerous opportunities to learn regularities, but need to decide which of these regularities to learn, because some are not productive in their native language. Here, we present an account of rule learning based on perceptual and memory primitives (Endress, Dehaene-Lambertz, & Mehler, Cognition, 105(3), 577-614, 2007; Endress, Nespor, & Mehler, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(8), 348-353, 2009), suggesting that learners preferentially learn regularities that are more salient to them, and that the pattern of salience reflects the frequency of language features across languages. We contrast this view with previous artificial grammar learning research, which suggests that infants "choose" the regularities they learn based on rational, Bayesian criteria (Frank & Tenenbaum, Cognition, 120(3), 360-371, 2013; Gerken, Cognition, 98(3)B67-B74, 2006, Cognition, 115(2), 362-366, 2010). In our experiments, adult participants listened to syllable strings starting with a syllable reduplication and always ending with the same "affix" syllable, or to syllable strings starting with this "affix" syllable and ending with the "reduplication". Both affixation and reduplication are frequently used for morphological marking across languages. We find three crucial results. First, participants learned both regularities simultaneously. Second, affixation regularities seemed easier to learn than reduplication regularities. Third, regularities in sequence offsets were easier to learn than regularities at sequence onsets. We show that these results are inconsistent with previous Bayesian rule learning models, but mesh well with the perceptual or memory primitives view. Further, we show that the pattern of salience revealed in our experiments reflects the distribution of regularities across languages. Ease of acquisition might thus be one determinant of the frequency of regularities across languages.

14 CFR 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and Cargo Accommodations § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards. (a) If smoking is to be.... If smoking is to be allowed, and if the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one sign notifying when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is...

14 CFR 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and Cargo Accommodations § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards. (a) If smoking is to be.... If smoking is to be allowed, and if the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one sign notifying when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is...

14 CFR 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Cargo Accommodations § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards. (a) If smoking is to be.... If smoking is to be allowed, and if the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one sign notifying when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is...

14 CFR 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and Cargo Accommodations § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards. (a) If smoking is to be.... If smoking is to be allowed, and if the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one sign notifying when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is...

14 CFR 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Cargo Accommodations § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards. (a) If smoking is to be.... If smoking is to be allowed, and if the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one sign notifying when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is...

49 CFR 172.527 - Background requirements for certain placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (a) Except for size and color, the square background required by § 172.510(a) for certain placards on... requirements of § 172.519 for minimum durability and strength, the square background must consist of a white square measuring 141/4 inches (362.0 mm.) on each side surrounded by a black border extending to 151/4...

49 CFR 172.527 - Background requirements for certain placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (a) Except for size and color, the square background required by § 172.510(a) for certain placards on... requirements of § 172.519 for minimum durability and strength, the square background must consist of a white square measuring 141/4 inches (362.0 mm.) on each side surrounded by a black border extending to 151/4...

49 CFR 172.527 - Background requirements for certain placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (a) Except for size and color, the square background required by § 172.510(a) for certain placards on... requirements of § 172.519 for minimum durability and strength, the square background must consist of a white square measuring 141/4 inches (362.0 mm.) on each side surrounded by a black border extending to 151/4...

49 CFR 172.527 - Background requirements for certain placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... (a) Except for size and color, the square background required by § 172.510(a) for certain placards on... requirements of § 172.519 for minimum durability and strength, the square background must consist of a white square measuring 141/4 inches (362.0 mm.) on each side surrounded by a black border extending to 151/4...

49 CFR 172.527 - Background requirements for certain placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (a) Except for size and color, the square background required by § 172.510(a) for certain placards on... requirements of § 172.519 for minimum durability and strength, the square background must consist of a white square measuring 141/4 inches (362.0 mm.) on each side surrounded by a black border extending to 151/4...

29 CFR 1926.61 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 1926.61 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Occupational Health and Environmental Controls § 1926.61 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. Note: The...

29 CFR 1926.61 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1926.61 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Occupational Health and Environmental Controls § 1926.61 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. Note: The...

9 CFR 381.136 - Affixing of official identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Affixing of official identification. 381.136 Section 381.136 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND TERMINOLOGY; MANDATORY MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY...

29 CFR 1915.100 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1915.100 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR SHIPYARD EMPLOYMENT General Working Conditions § 1915.100 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. (a) Any employer who...

77 FR 17121 - RailAmerica, Inc., Palm Beach Rail Holding, Inc., RailAmerica Transportation Corp., RailTex, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

... Group, LLC, and RR Acquisition Holding, LLC--Control Exemption--Wellsboro & Corning Railroad, LLC Rail.... (RTC), RailTex, Inc. (RailTex), Fortress Investment Group, LLC (Fortress), and RR Acquisition Holding... acquire indirect control of the Wellsboro & Corning Railroad, LLC (W&C), a Class III rail carrier, through...

76 FR 12410 - BMW of North America, LLC, Receipt of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential Noncompliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... surrounding the entire placard, as shown in the example set forth in Figure 1 in this standard. At the... example set forth in Figure 2 in this standard. The label shall be permanently affixed and proximate to... format and color scheme set forth in Figures 1 and 2. * * * (c) Vehicle manufacturer's recommended cold...

29 CFR 1910.1201 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. 1910.1201 Section 1910.1201 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS (CONTINUED) Toxic and...

29 CFR 1915.92 - Retention of DOT markings, placards, and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Retention of DOT markings, placards, and labels. 1915.92 Section 1915.92 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR SHIPYARD EMPLOYMENT...

29 CFR 1910.1201 - Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 6 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. 1910.1201 Section 1910.1201 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS (CONTINUED) Toxic and...

49 CFR 174.102 - Forbidden mixed loading and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... same rail car. Additionally, they may not be transported or loaded in the same rail car or stored on carrier property with charged electric storage batteries or with any hazardous material for which a... (explosive) materials or any other material in a placarded and certified car containing a shipment of...

49 CFR 174.102 - Forbidden mixed loading and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... same rail car. Additionally, they may not be transported or loaded in the same rail car or stored on carrier property with charged electric storage batteries or with any hazardous material for which a... (explosive) materials or any other material in a placarded and certified car containing a shipment of...

49 CFR 174.102 - Forbidden mixed loading and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... same rail car. Additionally, they may not be transported or loaded in the same rail car or stored on carrier property with charged electric storage batteries or with any hazardous material for which a... (explosive) materials or any other material in a placarded and certified car containing a shipment of...

49 CFR 174.102 - Forbidden mixed loading and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... same rail car. Additionally, they may not be transported or loaded in the same rail car or stored on carrier property with charged electric storage batteries or with any hazardous material for which a... (explosive) materials or any other material in a placarded and certified car containing a shipment of...

49 CFR 174.102 - Forbidden mixed loading and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... same rail car. Additionally, they may not be transported or loaded in the same rail car or stored on carrier property with charged electric storage batteries or with any hazardous material for which a... (explosive) materials or any other material in a placarded and certified car containing a shipment of...

Affix Meaning Knowledge in First through Third Grade Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apel, Kenn; Henbest, Victoria Suzanne

2016-01-01

Purpose: We examined grade-level differences in 1st- through 3rd-grade students' performance on an experimenter-developed affix meaning task (AMT) and determined whether AMT performance explained unique variance in word-level reading and reading comprehension, beyond other known contributors to reading development. Method: Forty students at each…

Blackfoot Dictionary of Stems, Roots, and Affixes. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frantz, Donald G.; Russell, Norma Jean

The dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes for the Blackfoot language provides, for each entry, information on the item's morphological type (e.g., noun stem, verb stem, root), subclassification if relevant, English index, and certain diagnostic inflectional forms (full words or sentences), each with an English translation. In addition, entries…

33 CFR 66.01-14 - Label affixed by manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Label affixed by manufacturer. 66.01-14 Section 66.01-14 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-14...

33 CFR 66.01-14 - Label affixed by manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Label affixed by manufacturer. 66.01-14 Section 66.01-14 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-14...

33 CFR 66.01-14 - Label affixed by manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Label affixed by manufacturer. 66.01-14 Section 66.01-14 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-14...

33 CFR 66.01-14 - Label affixed by manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Label affixed by manufacturer. 66.01-14 Section 66.01-14 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-14...

33 CFR 66.01-14 - Label affixed by manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Label affixed by manufacturer. 66.01-14 Section 66.01-14 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-14...

25 CFR 307.2 - Certificates of genuineness; by whom affixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certificates of genuineness; by whom affixed. 307.2 Section 307.2 Indians INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAVAJO ALL-WOOL WOVEN... license issued by the Indian Arts and Crafts Board. ...

77 FR 12107 - RailAmerica, Inc., Palm Beach Holding, Inc., RailAmerica Transportation Corp., RailTex, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

...., Palm Beach Holding, Inc., RailAmerica Transportation Corp., RailTex, Inc., Fortress Investment Group, LLC, and RR Acquisition Holding, LLC--Control Exemption--Marquette Rail, LLC AGENCY: Surface...), RailTex, Inc., Fortress Investment Group, LLC (Fortress), and RR Acquisition Holding, LLC (RR...

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 172 - Dimensional Specifications for Recommended Placard Holder

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dimensional Specifications for Recommended Placard Holder C Appendix C to Part 172 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND... INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Pt. 172, App. C Appendix C to Part 172—Dimensional...

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 172 - Dimensional Specifications for Recommended Placard Holder

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dimensional Specifications for Recommended Placard Holder C Appendix C to Part 172 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND... INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS Pt. 172, App. C Appendix C to Part 172—Dimensional...

16 CFR 300.5 - Required label and method of affixing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Required label and method of affixing. 300.5 Section 300.5 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS RULES AND REGULATIONS UNDER THE WOOL PRODUCTS LABELING ACT OF 1939 Labeling § 300.5 Required label and...

49 CFR 174.86 - Maximum allowable operating speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Handling of Placarded Rail Cars, Transport Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.86 Maximum allowable operating speed. (a) For molten metals and molten glass shipped in packagings other than those prescribed in...

49 CFR 174.86 - Maximum allowable operating speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Handling of Placarded Rail Cars, Transport Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.86 Maximum allowable operating speed. (a) For molten metals and molten glass shipped in packagings other than those prescribed in...

49 CFR 174.86 - Maximum allowable operating speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Handling of Placarded Rail Cars, Transport Vehicles and Freight Containers § 174.86 Maximum allowable operating speed. (a) For molten metals and molten glass shipped in packagings other than those prescribed in...

25 CFR 310.5 - Certificates of genuineness, authority to affix.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certificates of genuineness, authority to affix. 310.5 Section 310.5 Indians INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR USE OF GOVERNMENT MARKS OF GENUINENESS FOR ALASKAN INDIAN AND ALASKAN ESKIMO HAND-MADE PRODUCTS Alaskan Indian § 310.5 Certificates of...

25 CFR 310.2 - Certificates of genuineness, authority to affix.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certificates of genuineness, authority to affix. 310.2 Section 310.2 Indians INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR USE OF GOVERNMENT MARKS OF GENUINENESS FOR ALASKAN INDIAN AND ALASKAN ESKIMO HAND-MADE PRODUCTS Alaskan Indian § 310.2 Certificates of...

Affixation in semantic space: Modeling morpheme meanings with compositional distributional semantics.

PubMed

Marelli, Marco; Baroni, Marco

2015-07-01

The present work proposes a computational model of morpheme combination at the meaning level. The model moves from the tenets of distributional semantics, and assumes that word meanings can be effectively represented by vectors recording their co-occurrence with other words in a large text corpus. Given this assumption, affixes are modeled as functions (matrices) mapping stems onto derived forms. Derived-form meanings can be thought of as the result of a combinatorial procedure that transforms the stem vector on the basis of the affix matrix (e.g., the meaning of nameless is obtained by multiplying the vector of name with the matrix of -less). We show that this architecture accounts for the remarkable human capacity of generating new words that denote novel meanings, correctly predicting semantic intuitions about novel derived forms. Moreover, the proposed compositional approach, once paired with a whole-word route, provides a new interpretative framework for semantic transparency, which is here partially explained in terms of ease of the combinatorial procedure and strength of the transformation brought about by the affix. Model-based predictions are in line with the modulation of semantic transparency on explicit intuitions about existing words, response times in lexical decision, and morphological priming. In conclusion, we introduce a computational model to account for morpheme combination at the meaning level. The model is data-driven, theoretically sound, and empirically supported, and it makes predictions that open new research avenues in the domain of semantic processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Estimation of rail wear limits based on rail strength investigations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

This report describes analyses performed to estimate limits on rail wear based on strength investigations. Two different failure modes are considered in this report: (1) permanent plastic bending, and (2) rail fracture. Rail bending stresses are calc...

Indiana rail plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-07-08

The 2009 Indiana Rail Plan was developed as part of the Indiana Multimodal Freight and Mobility Plan to direct the State of Indianas future freight and passenger rail policy, provide a framework to guide future decisions regarding rail system inve...

Impact of the rail-pad multi-discrete model upon the prediction of the rail response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazilu, T.; Leu, M.

2017-08-01

Wheel/rail vibration has many technical effects such as wear of the rolling surfaces, rolling noise, settlement of the ballast and subgrade etc. This vibration is depending on the rail pad characteristic and subsequently, it is important to have an accurate overview on the relation between the rail pad characteristic and the level of the wheel/rail vibration. To this end, much theoretical and experimental research has been developed in the past, and for the theoretical approach the track model, in general, and, particularly, the rail pad model is of crucial importance. Usually, the rail pad model is discrete model one, neglecting the length of the rail pad. This fact is questionable because the sleepers span is only 4 times the rail pad length. Using the rail pad discrete model, the rail response is overestimated when the frequency of the excitation equals the pinned-pinned resonance frequency. In this paper, a multi-discrete model for the rail pad, consisting in many Kelvin-Voigt parallel systems, is inserted into an analytical model of the track. The track model is reduced to a rail taken as infinite Timoshenko beam, discretely supported via rail pad, sleeper and ballast. The influence of the number of Kelvin-Voigt systems of the rail pad model on the rail response is analysed.

46 CFR 28.410 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. 28..., lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section... with a bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab...

46 CFR 28.410 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. 28..., lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section... with a bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab...

46 CFR 28.810 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs. 28..., storm rails and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section, deck... bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab must be...

46 CFR 28.810 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs. 28..., storm rails and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section, deck... bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab must be...

46 CFR 28.810 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs. 28..., storm rails and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section, deck... bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab must be...

46 CFR 28.410 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. 28..., lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section... with a bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab...

46 CFR 28.410 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. 28..., lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section... with a bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab...

46 CFR 28.410 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. 28..., lifelines, storm rails, and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section... with a bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab...

46 CFR 28.810 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs. 28..., storm rails and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section, deck... bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab must be...

46 CFR 28.810 - Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Deck rails, lifelines, storm rails and hand grabs. 28..., storm rails and hand grabs. (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d) of this section, deck... bulwark, chain link fencing, wire mesh, or an equivalent. (f) A suitable storm rail or hand grab must be...

Rail damage in a solid-armature rail gun. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brassard, T.; Homan, C.G.

1987-12-01

Plasma-arc-drive rail guns operate by forming a high-temperature plasma behind the projectile using a thin metal fuze. These systems achieve the highest projectile velocities (about 12 km /sec), since the driving force includes a substantial plasma pressure as well as the electromagnetic or Lorentz force. Unfortunately, severe rail damage occurs primarily from the intense temperatures generated by the plasma arc and the wiping motion of the armature itself. The solid-armature gun replaces the plasma armature with a conducting metal armature. Since the plasma arcing is reduced or eliminated, the projectiles are accelerated mainly by the Lorentz force. Thus, solid armaturemore » rail guns operate at lower projectile velocities. The important tradeoff is that there is a substantial reduction in rail damage for metal armature projectiles. The elimination of the plasma force limits projectile velocities in the metal-armature rail guns. A more-subtle limit is the speed at which the commutation process can take place. Although the latter limit is still not well understood, experimental evidence indicates a commutation limit may occur near 6 to 7 km/sec. This velocity limit is still attractive for Army tactical missions for rail guns. The actual rail damage occurring with two types of metal armatures, wire brush contactors and monolithic metal contactors, and new developments in barrel technology, such as superconducting augmentation, are presented in this report.« less

Review of Rail Behavior Under Wheel/Rail Impact Loading

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-04-01

The report discusses several studies involving factors that significantly affect rail life, particularly wheel impact loads. Parameters that characterize the effect of wheel impact loads on rail behavior are examined in terms of system variables such...

Modern Methods of Rail Welding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozyrev, Nikolay A.; Kozyreva, Olga A.; Usoltsev, Aleksander A.; Kryukov, Roman E.; Shevchenko, Roman A.

2017-10-01

Existing methods of rail welding, which are enable to get continuous welded rail track, are observed in this article. Analysis of existing welding methods allows considering an issue of continuous rail track in detail. Metallurgical and welding technologies of rail welding and also process technologies reducing aftereffects of temperature exposure are important factors determining the quality and reliability of the continuous rail track. Analysis of the existing methods of rail welding enable to find the research line for solving this problem.

Rail-to-rail differential input amplification stage with main and surrogate differential pairs

DOEpatents

Britton, Jr., Charles Lanier; Smith, Stephen Fulton

2007-03-06

An operational amplifier input stage provides a symmetrical rail-to-rail input common-mode voltage without turning off either pair of complementary differential input transistors. Secondary, or surrogate, transistor pairs assume the function of the complementary differential transistors. The circuit also maintains essentially constant transconductance, constant slew rate, and constant signal-path supply current as it provides rail-to-rail operation.

Preliminary national rail plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-15

The Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (PRIIA) directed the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to develop a Preliminary National Rail Plan (PNRP or Preliminary Plan) to address the rail needs of the Nation. ...

75 FR 76520 - Tennessee Southern Railroad Company, Patriot Rail, LLC, Patriot Rail Holdings LLC, and Patriot...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... family by converting two of its subsidiaries from corporations into limited liability companies: (1... Railroad Company, Patriot Rail, LLC, Patriot Rail Holdings LLC, and Patriot Rail Corp.--Corporate Family... Railroad Company (TSRR), Patriot Rail, LLC (PRL) and its subsidiaries, Patriot Rail Holdings LLC (PRH) and...

Identification and prioritization of rail squat defects in the field using rail magnetisation technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaewunruen, Sakdirat

2015-04-01

Inevitably, rail squats and studs are continuing to be a serious problem for railway organisations around the world in the 21st century. They are typically classified as the growth of any cracks that have grown longitudinally through the subsurface and some of the cracks propagating to the bottom of rails transversely, and have branched from initial longitudinal cracks with a depression of rail surface. The horizontal crack, which results in a depression of rail surface, induces increased maintenance level, more frequent monitoring, compromised rail testing (as the crack shields the signal echoes), and possible broken rails. This paper presents field investigations using a magnetised-rail testing device developed by MRX Technologies to identify and prioritise the rail squats. Most of the in situ squats were found on the high rail of the transition (variable-radius curved track), which is associated with rolling contact fatigue (RCF). This investigation highlights the field performance of the MRX's surface crack detection technology in comparison with the traditional ultrasonic method and detailed walking inspection. Visually, it was found in the field that the size of the RCF squats varies from very small to moderate. The predicted crack data were obtained by scanning the magnitised rails. The comparison of the actual crack depths (ultrasonic) and the predicted crack depths (MRX device) shows: • A possible correlation for small RCF/ squat cracks. • Poor interpretation of larger defects and welds. The field assessment also suggests some practical issues required for further development, including the detection of rail spalling, deep transverse crack, welding, and so on.

76 FR 22747 - RailAmerica, Inc., Palm Beach Holdings, Inc., RailAmerica Transportation Corp., RailTex, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

...., Palm Beach Holdings, Inc., RailAmerica Transportation Corp., RailTex, Inc., Fortress Investment Group, LLC, and RR Acquisition Holding, LLC--Continuance in Control Exemption-- Conecuh Valley Railway, LLC...), Fortress Investment Group, LLC (Fortress), and RR Acquisition Holding, LLC (RR Acquisition) (collectively...

Rail transportation : Federal Railroad Administration's new approach to rail safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-01

In 1980, the Congress passed the Staggers Rail Act, which fostered substantial changes in the railroad industry. By 1995, fewer large freight railroads accounted for most of the industry's revenue and train miles. At the same time, these freight rail...

Radial arm strike rail

DOEpatents

McKeown, Mark H.; Beason, Steven C.

1991-01-01

The radial arm strike rail assembly is a system for measurement of bearings, directions, and stereophotography for geologic mapping, particularly where magnetic compasses are not appropriate. The radial arm, pivoting around a shaft axis, provides a reference direction determination for geologic mapping and bearing or direction determination. The centerable and levelable pedestal provide a base for the radial arm strike rail and the telescoping camera pedestal. The telescoping feature of the radial arm strike rail allows positioning the end of the rail for strike direction or bearing measurement with a goniometer.

The Acquisition of the Korean Honorific Affix "(u)si" by Advanced L2 Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mueller, Jeansue; Jiang, Nan

2013-01-01

An experiment investigated adult language learners' ability to develop fully integrated cognitive representations of a difficult second language (L2) morphosyntactic feature: the Korean honorific verbal affix "(u)si." Native speaker (NS) and nonnative speaker (NNS) latencies during a word-by-word self-paced reading comprehension task…

Optimization of wheel-rail interface friction using top-of-rail friction modifiers: State of the art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khan, M. Roshan; Dasaka, Satyanarayana Murty

2018-05-01

High Speed Railways and Dedicated Freight Corridors are the need of the day for fast and efficient transportation of the ever growing population and freight across long distances of travel. With the increase in speeds and axle loads carried by these trains, wearing out of rails and train wheel sections are a common issue, which is due to the increase in friction at the wheel-rail interfaces. For the cases where the wheel-rail interface friction is less than optimum, as in case of high speed trains with very low axle loads, wheel-slips are imminent and loss of traction occurs when the trains accelerate rapidly or brake all of a sudden. These vast variety of traction problems around the wheel-rail interface friction need to be mitigated carefully, so that the contact interface friction neither ascents too high to cause material wear and need for added locomotive power, nor be on the lower side to cause wheel-slips and loss of traction at high speeds. Top-of-rail friction modifiers are engineered surface coatings applied on top of rails, to maintain an optimum frictional contact between the train wheels and the rails. Extensive research works in the area of wheel-rail tribology have revealed that the optimum frictional coefficients at wheel-rail interfaces lie at a value of around 0.35. Application of top-of-rail (TOR) friction modifiers on rail surfaces add an extra layer of material coating on top of the rails, with a surface frictional coefficient of the desired range. This study reviews the common types of rail friction modifiers, the methods for their application, issues related with the application of friction modifiers, and a guideline on selection of the right class of coating material based on site specific requirements of the railway networks.

A survey of wheel-rail contact models for rail vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meymand, Sajjad Z.; Keylin, Alexander; Ahmadian, Mehdi

2016-03-01

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel-rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel-rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel-rail interaction.

2000 Montana state rail plan update

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

This 2000 Montana Rail Plan Update is a comprehensive update of the State Rail Plan. The purpose of this update is to review the State's role in rail planning, retain eligibility for Local Rail Freight Assistance (LRFA) funding, update the descriptio...

Securing America’s Passenger-Rail Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

around the world highlight the vulnerability of rail travel and the importance of rail security for these passengers. The use of passenger rail and...take to U.S. railways. Recent attacks on passenger-rail systems around the world highlight the vulnerability of rail travel and the importance of rail...rails (Boardman, 2005), making more than 3.5 billion trips (APTA, 2006).1 And these estimates do not count the passengers traveling on the National

31 CFR 330.5 - Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement. 330.5 Section 330.5 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 330.5 - Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement. 330.5 Section 330.5 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 330.5 - Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Evidence of owner's or beneficiary's authorization to affix special endorsement. 330.5 Section 330.5 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

Natal plumage characters in rails

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wetherbee, D.K.; Meanley, B.

1965-01-01

The downy young of the Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris), King Rail (Rallus elegans), and Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) are described as totally black in all literature examined by us. Wetherbee (Bird-Banding, 32: 141-159, 1961) noted that some neonates of Virginia Rail from Storrs, Connecticut, had patches of white down below the wings. "Neonatal" pertains to the developmental condition or characters at hatching distinct from the much abused term "natal" which in ornithology pertains to the condition or characters from hatching to acquisition of teleoptile plumage. The presence of similar patches of white down was observed by us in the Clapper Rails at Chincoteague, Virginia (Figure 1). An examination of many hundreds of specimens from the ranges of most of the subspecies of Clapper Rails, including the strongly contrasting R. longirostris saturatus from Louisiana, revealed the almost invariable presence of at least 1 and sometimes as many as 30 white neossoptiles in the anterior abdominal regions of the ventral pterylae. Conversely, no King Rail neonate examined by us has shown a white neossoptile.

Analysis of Lateral Rail Restraint.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-09-01

This report deals with the analysis of lateral rail strength using the results of experimental investigations and a nonlinear rail response model. Part of the analysis involves the parametric study of the influence of track parameters on lateral rail...

Rail Modernization Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-04-01

This study summarizes the results of a multi-year assessment of the rail transit and commuter rail systems. The work was based on an earlier study design effort. The purposes of the study were to determine the costs of upgrading and modernizing urban...

Hazardous Materials Flow by Rail

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-03-01

The report presents a quantitative overview of the movement of hazardous materials by rail in the United States. The data used is a hazardous materials rail waybill sample developed at TSC from the 1983 Rail Waybill Sample. The report examines (1) th...

46 CFR 169.329 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 169.329 Section 169.329 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.329 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 169.329 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 169.329 Section 169.329 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.329 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 169.329 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 169.329 Section 169.329 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.329 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 169.329 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 169.329 Section 169.329 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.329 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 169.329 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 169.329 Section 169.329 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.329 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

Analyses of rail chill effect

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-06-01

The principles of heat transfer are applied to analyze the so-called "rail chill" effect, which refers to hear loss by conduction from a hot rail vehicle wheel through the contact area into a cold rail, the wheel having been heated by friction brakin...

46 CFR 169.327 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.327 Deck rails. (a) All rails or lifelines must be at least 30 inches high... through bolted or welded to the deck. (b) Rails or lifelines must consist of evenly spaced courses. The...

46 CFR 169.327 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.327 Deck rails. (a) All rails or lifelines must be at least 30 inches high... through bolted or welded to the deck. (b) Rails or lifelines must consist of evenly spaced courses. The...

46 CFR 177.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 177.920 Section 177.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 177.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 177.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 177.920 Section 177.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 177.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 177.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 177.920 Section 177.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 177.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 127.320 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 127.320 Section 127.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS Rails and Guards § 127.320 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails must be installed in each passageway and at...

46 CFR 127.320 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 127.320 Section 127.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS Rails and Guards § 127.320 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails must be installed in each passageway and at...

46 CFR 177.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 177.920 Section 177.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 177.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 127.320 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 127.320 Section 127.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS Rails and Guards § 127.320 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails must be installed in each passageway and at...

46 CFR 127.320 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 127.320 Section 127.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS Rails and Guards § 127.320 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails must be installed in each passageway and at...

46 CFR 177.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 177.920 Section 177.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 177.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be...

46 CFR 127.320 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 127.320 Section 127.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS Rails and Guards § 127.320 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails must be installed in each passageway and at...

46 CFR 169.327 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deck rails. 169.327 Section 169.327 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.327 Deck rails. (a) All rails or lifelines must be at least 30 inches high...

46 CFR 169.327 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deck rails. 169.327 Section 169.327 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Construction and Arrangement Rails and Guards § 169.327 Deck rails. (a) All rails or lifelines must be at least 30 inches high...

46 CFR 108.221 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 108.221 Section 108.221 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Rails § 108.221 Storm rails. Each unit must have a storm rail in the following...

46 CFR 108.221 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 108.221 Section 108.221 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Rails § 108.221 Storm rails. Each unit must have a storm rail in the following...

46 CFR 108.221 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 108.221 Section 108.221 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Rails § 108.221 Storm rails. Each unit must have a storm rail in the following...

46 CFR 108.221 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 108.221 Section 108.221 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Rails § 108.221 Storm rails. Each unit must have a storm rail in the following...

46 CFR 108.221 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 108.221 Section 108.221 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Construction and Arrangement Rails § 108.221 Storm rails. Each unit must have a storm rail in the following...

Campbell's monkeys use affixation to alter call meaning.

PubMed

Ouattara, Karim; Lemasson, Alban; Zuberbühler, Klaus

2009-11-12

Human language has evolved on a biological substrate with phylogenetic roots deep in the primate lineage. Here, we describe a functional analogy to a common morphological process in human speech, affixation, in the alarm calls of free-ranging adult Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli). We found that male alarm calls are composed of an acoustically variable stem, which can be followed by an acoustically invariable suffix. Using long-term observations and predator simulation experiments, we show that suffixation in this species functions to broaden the calls' meaning by transforming a highly specific eagle alarm to a general arboreal disturbance call or by transforming a highly specific leopard alarm call to a general alert call. We concluded that, when referring to specific external events, non-human primates can generate meaningful acoustic variation during call production that is functionally equivalent to suffixation in human language.

9 CFR 73.6 - Placarding means of conveyance and marking billing of shipments of treated scabby cattle or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Placarding means of conveyance and marking billing of shipments of treated scabby cattle or cattle exposed to scabies. 73.6 Section 73.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING...

Effect of Wheel/Rail Loads on Concrete Tie Stresses and Rail Rollover.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-21

As a result of vertical and lateral wheel/rail forces, high contact stresses can develop at the interface between the rail base and tie. Under certain conditions, these stresses can exceed the strength of the concrete tie and result in deterioration ...

Crashworthiness evaluation of light rail vehicle interiors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

Statistically, light rail transit (LRT) systems have higher injury rates on a perpassengermile basis than heavy rail and commuter rail systems, because in most cities, light rail vehicles (LRVs) operate on city streets. Passenger safety is depe...

Fast rail corrugation detection based on texture filtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Jie; Lu, Kaixia

2018-02-01

The condition detection of rails in high-speed railway is one of the important means to ensure the safety of railway transportation. In order to replace the traditional manual inspection, save manpower and material resources, and improve the detection speed and accuracy, it is of great significance to develop a machine vision system for locating and identifying defects on rails automatically. Rail defects exhibit different properties and are divided into various categories related to the type and position of flaws on the rail. Several kinds of interrelated factors cause rail defects such as type of rail, construction conditions, and speed and/or frequency of trains using the rail. Rail corrugation is a particular kind of defects that produce an undulatory deformation on the rail heads. In high speed train, the corrugation induces harmful vibrations on wheels and its components and reduces the lifetime of rails. This type of defects should be detected to avoid rail fractures. In this paper, a novel method for fast rail corrugation detection based on texture filtering was proposed.

Pulmonary embolism after long duration rail travel: economy class syndrome or rail coach syndrome.

PubMed

Mittal, S K; Chopra, S; Calton, R

2011-07-01

Pulmonary embolism after long duration air travel is well described. However it can also occur following a long duration rail or road transport. We present a case of 43 year old male who developed deep venous thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism after a long rail journey. We propose to call it as rail coach syndrome and stress the need for taking the same preventive measures as recommended for airline passengers.

49 CFR 37.83 - Remanufacture of rail vehicles and purchase or lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.83... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) This section applies to any public entity operating a rapid or... operates a rapid or light rail system any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic...

49 CFR 37.83 - Remanufacture of rail vehicles and purchase or lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.83... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) This section applies to any public entity operating a rapid or... operates a rapid or light rail system any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic...

49 CFR 37.83 - Remanufacture of rail vehicles and purchase or lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.83... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) This section applies to any public entity operating a rapid or... operates a rapid or light rail system any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic...

49 CFR 37.83 - Remanufacture of rail vehicles and purchase or lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.83... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) This section applies to any public entity operating a rapid or... operates a rapid or light rail system any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic...

49 CFR 37.83 - Remanufacture of rail vehicles and purchase or lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lease of remanufactured rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.83... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) This section applies to any public entity operating a rapid or... operates a rapid or light rail system any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic...

Rail base corrosion and cracking prevention

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Rail base corrosion combined with fatigue or damage can significantly reduce rail life. Studies were done to examine the relative contribution of damage, corrosion, and fatigue on rail life. The combined effects can be separated into constituent fact...

49 CFR 210.9 - Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. 210.9 Section 210.9 Transportation Other Regulations... locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. A locomotive, rail car, or consist of a...

49 CFR 210.9 - Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. 210.9 Section 210.9 Transportation Other Regulations... locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. A locomotive, rail car, or consist of a...

49 CFR 210.9 - Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. 210.9 Section 210.9 Transportation Other Regulations... locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. A locomotive, rail car, or consist of a...

49 CFR 210.9 - Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. 210.9 Section 210.9 Transportation Other Regulations... locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. A locomotive, rail car, or consist of a...

49 CFR 210.9 - Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Movement of a noise defective locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. 210.9 Section 210.9 Transportation Other Regulations... locomotive, rail car, or consist of a locomotive and rail cars. A locomotive, rail car, or consist of a...

Alabama rail directory 2001

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The State of Alabama is crisscrossed by some 4,728 miles rail lines hauling 93.5 million tons of cargo annually. This directory, Alabama's first comprehensive rail directory, provides a range of information regarding railroads operating in the state,...

Bibliography on Rail Technology

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-03-01

This rail technology review provides assistance to a number of rail technology programs initiated by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) for the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The results of a search and review in four specific areas in t...

78 FR 65244 - Rail Vehicles Access Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

...-0001] RIN 3014-AA42 Rail Vehicles Access Advisory Committee AGENCY: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. ACTION: Notice of advisory committee meeting. SUMMARY: The Rail Vehicles Access... vehicles that operate on fixed guideway systems (e.g., rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail, intercity...

Wheel/Rail Noise and Vibration Control

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-05-01

Reported here are the interim results of a program under the UMTA Urban Rail Supporting Technology Program to develop a basic understanding of urban transit wheel/rail noise generation for application to the evaluation and improvement of wheel/rail n...

Undergraduate Certificate in Rail Transportation/Engineering.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-05

A shift in the U.S. transportation environment has led to a revival in rail transport, especially in : freight rail1. In the meantime, an aging rail employee demographic presents a severe threat to : sufficient level of individuals equipped to handle...

Wheel/Rail Noise and Vibration : Volume 1. Mechanics of Wheel Rail Noise Generation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-05-01

The final reports are reported of a project to develop a basic understanding of urban transit wheel/rail noise control measures. Analytical models of impedance, response, radiation efficiency, and directivity of wheels and rails are presented and com...

A Current-Mode Common-Mode Feedback Circuit (CMFB) with Rail-to-Rail Operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suadet, Apirak; Kasemsuwan, Varakorn

2011-03-01

This paper presents a current-mode common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit with rail-to-rail operation. The CMFB is a stand-alone circuit, which can be connected to any low voltage transconductor without changing or upsetting the existing circuit. The proposed CMFB employs current mirrors, operating as common-mode detector and current amplifier to enhance the loop gain of the CMFB. The circuit employs positive feedback to enhance the output impedance and gain. The circuit has been designed using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology under 1V supply and analyzed using HSPICE with BSIM3V3 device models. A pseudo-differential amplifier using two common sources and the proposed CMFB shows rail to rail output swing (± 0.7 V) with low common-mode gain (-36 dB) and power dissipation of 390 μW.

Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Premium Rails

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-12-01

Thermite welds were used to join combinations of premium rails and AREA Controlled Cooled Carbon rails (i.e., standard rails). The premium rails comprised head-hardened rails and CrMo, CrV and Cr alloy rails. A major objective was to determine the fe...

New Hampshire state rail plan 2001

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-04-01

This report is the 2001 update to the New Hampshire Statewide Rail Plan, which was last updated in 1991 and amended in 1993. The Rail Plan presents an overview of the current status of the New Hampshire Rail System, who operates it and how it is util...

49 CFR 213.352 - Torch cut rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Torch cut rail. 213.352 Section 213.352... Torch cut rail. (a) Except as a temporary repair in emergency situations no rail having a torch cut end shall be used. When a rail end with a torch cut is used in emergency situations, train speed over that...

49 CFR 213.352 - Torch cut rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Torch cut rail. 213.352 Section 213.352... Torch cut rail. (a) Except as a temporary repair in emergency situations no rail having a torch cut end shall be used. When a rail end with a torch cut is used in emergency situations, train speed over that...

46 CFR 190.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 190.25-10 Section 190.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 92.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 92.25-10 Section 92.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 92.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 72.40-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 72.40-10 Section 72.40-10 Shipping COAST... and Guards § 72.40-10 Storm rails. (a) Suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where passengers or crew might have normal access. Storm rails shall be...

46 CFR 190.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 190.25-10 Section 190.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 72.40-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 72.40-10 Section 72.40-10 Shipping COAST... and Guards § 72.40-10 Storm rails. (a) Suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where passengers or crew might have normal access. Storm rails shall be...

46 CFR 72.40-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 72.40-10 Section 72.40-10 Shipping COAST... and Guards § 72.40-10 Storm rails. (a) Suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where passengers or crew might have normal access. Storm rails shall be...

46 CFR 190.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 190.25-10 Section 190.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 72.40-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 72.40-10 Section 72.40-10 Shipping COAST... and Guards § 72.40-10 Storm rails. (a) Suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where passengers or crew might have normal access. Storm rails shall be...

46 CFR 92.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 92.25-10 Section 92.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 92.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 92.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 92.25-10 Section 92.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 92.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 92.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 92.25-10 Section 92.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 92.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 190.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 190.25-10 Section 190.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 72.40-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 72.40-10 Section 72.40-10 Shipping COAST... and Guards § 72.40-10 Storm rails. (a) Suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where passengers or crew might have normal access. Storm rails shall be...

46 CFR 190.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 190.25-10 Section 190.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

46 CFR 92.25-10 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 92.25-10 Section 92.25-10 Shipping COAST... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 92.25-10 Storm rails. (a) On vessels in ocean and coastwise service, suitable storm rails shall be installed in all passageways and at the deckhouse sides where persons on board...

Analysis of rail welding methods for mine rail access with the use of modern technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usoltsev, A. A.; Shevchenko, R. A.; Kozyrev, N. A.; Kriukov, R. E.; Shishkin, P. E.

2017-09-01

Welded joint zones are weak sections of the railway track for all traffic cases (in the case of high-speed traffic and heavy traffic). In the paper advantages and disadvantages of the basic ways of rails welding, which are widely used today, are considered: electrocontact and aluminothermic. Carefully selected mode of differentially thermally strengthened rails string will allow the process of correction after heat treatment to be minimized and internal residual compressive stresses to be kept. Particular attention should be paid to the method of rails welding, in which after rails welding during their cooling it is offered to perform quasi-isothermal exposure in the temperature range of fine structure formation by passing pulses of alternating electric current through the welded joint maintaining this temperature until the end of the transformation. The use of quasi-isothermal exposure at a temperature of 600 - 650 °C makes it possible to obtain a finely dispersed structure of the welded seam of rails without additional heat treatment.

Computation of wheel-rail contact force for non-mapping wheel-rail profile of Translohr tram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Yuanjin; Ren, Lihui; Zhou, Jinsong

2017-09-01

Translohr tram has steel wheels, in V-like arrangements, as guide wheels. These operate over the guide rails in inverted-V arrangements. However, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the guide wheels and guide rails are not always mapped one-to-one. In this study, a simplified elastic method is proposed in order to calculate the contact points between the wheels and the rails. By transforming the coordinates, the non-mapping geometric relationship between wheel and rail is converted into a mapping relationship. Considering the Translohr tram's multi-point contact between the guide wheel and the guide rail, the elastic-contact hypothesis take into account the existence of contact patches between the bodies, and the location of the contact points is calculated using a simplified elastic method. In order to speed up the calculation, a multi-dimensional contact table is generated, enabling the use of simulation for Translohr tram running on curvatures with different radii.

76 FR 55335 - Alternate Passenger Rail Service Pilot Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

... proceeding to develop a pilot program that permits a rail carrier or rail carriers that own infrastructure... develop a pilot program that permits a rail carrier or rail carriers that own infrastructure over which... that permits a rail carrier or rail carriers that own infrastructure over which Amtrak operates a...

46 CFR 116.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Storm rails. 116.920 Section 116.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... and Guards § 116.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where necessary...

46 CFR 116.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Storm rails. 116.920 Section 116.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... and Guards § 116.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where necessary...

46 CFR 116.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Storm rails. 116.920 Section 116.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... and Guards § 116.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where necessary...

46 CFR 116.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Storm rails. 116.920 Section 116.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... and Guards § 116.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where necessary...

46 CFR 116.920 - Storm rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Storm rails. 116.920 Section 116.920 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... and Guards § 116.920 Storm rails. Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where necessary...

Intercity passenger rail : assessing the benefits of increased federal funding for Amtrak and high-speed passenger rail systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-21

The Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 created Amtrak to provide intercity passenger rail service. Like other major national intercity passenger rail systems in the world, Amtrak has received substantial government support-nearly $24 billion for capi...

46 CFR 177.900 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at... simultaneously. (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas designed for crew use only...) high. (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may be reduced to not less than...

46 CFR 177.900 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at... simultaneously. (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas designed for crew use only...) high. (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may be reduced to not less than...

46 CFR 177.900 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at... simultaneously. (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas designed for crew use only...) high. (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may be reduced to not less than...

46 CFR 177.900 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at... simultaneously. (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas designed for crew use only...) high. (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may be reduced to not less than...

46 CFR 177.900 - Deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at... simultaneously. (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas designed for crew use only...) high. (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may be reduced to not less than...

A compact rail-to-rail CMOS buffer amplifier with very low quiescent current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arslan, Emre; Yıldız, Merih; Minaei, Shahram

2015-06-01

In this work, a very compact, rail-to-rail, high-speed buffer amplifier for liquid crystal display (LCD) applications is proposed. Compared to other buffer amplifiers, the proposed circuit has a very simple architecture, occupies a small number of transistors and also has a large driving capacity with very low quiescent current. It is composed of two complementary differential input stages to provide rail-to-rail driving capacity. The push-pull transistors are directly connected to the differential input stage, and the output is taken from an inverter. The proposed buffer circuit is laid out using Mentor Graphics IC Station layout editor using AMS 0.35 μm process parameters. It is shown by post-layout simulations that the proposed buffer can drive a 1 nF capacitive load within a small settling time under a full voltage swing, while drawing only 1.6 μA quiescent current from a 3.3 V power supply.

Wheel/Rail Noise and Vibration : Volume 2. Applications to Control of Wheel/Rail Noise.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-05-01

The final reports are reported of a project to develop a basic understanding of urban transit wheel/rail noise control measures. Analytical models of impedance, response, radiation efficiency, and directivity of wheels and rails are presented and com...

Testing of the fracture resistance of rails

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swiderski, Zdzislaw

Various grades of rail steel as well as whole rail sections were subjected to fracture resistance tests according to the unified method. It was found that heat treatment of rails increased fracture resistance by 50 percent. However, residual stresses also had a substantial effect. Apparent durability values N(sub c) from the Wilson formula have been derived. The influence of residual stresses on rail durability is stated.

Rail accelerator research at Lewis Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerslake, W. R.; Cybyk, B. Z.

1982-01-01

A rail accelerator was chosen for study as an electromagnetic space propulsion device because of its simplicity and existing technology base. The results of a mission feasibility study using a large rail accelerator for direct launch of ton-size payloads from the Earth's surface to space, and the results of initial tests with a small, laboratory rail accelerator are presented. The laboratory rail accelerator has a bore of 3 by 3 mm and has accelerated 60 mg projectiles to velocities of 300 to 1000 m/s. Rail materials of Cu, W, and Mo were tested for efficiency and erosion rate.

Pedestrian/bicyclist warning devices and signs at highway-rail and pathway-rail grade crossings.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

Federal reporting shows a relatively constant number of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities at highway-rail and : pathway-rail grade crossings over the past 10 years. This is in contrast to a marked decrease in trainvehicle : collisions at highway-r...

Developing course lecture notes on high-speed rail.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-07-15

1. Introduction a. World-wide Development of High-Speed Rail (Japan, Europe, China) b. High-speed Rail in the U.S. 2. High-Speed Rail Infrastructure a. Geometric Design of High Speed Rail i. Horizontal Curve ii. Vertical Curve iii. Grade and Turnout ...

Rail vs truck transport of biomass.

PubMed

Mahmudi, Hamed; Flynn, Peter C

2006-01-01

This study analyzes the economics of transshipping biomass from truck to train in a North American setting. Transshipment will only be economic when the cost per unit distance of a second transportation mode is less than the original mode. There is an optimum number of transshipment terminals which is related to biomass yield. Transshipment incurs incremental fixed costs, and hence there is a minimum shipping distance for rail transport above which lower costs/km offset the incremental fixed costs. For transport by dedicated unit train with an optimum number of terminals, the minimum economic rail shipping distance for straw is 170 km, and for boreal forest harvest residue wood chips is 145 km. The minimum economic shipping distance for straw exceeds the biomass draw distance for economically sized centrally located power plants, and hence the prospects for rail transport are limited to cases in which traffic congestion from truck transport would otherwise preclude project development. Ideally, wood chip transport costs would be lowered by rail transshipment for an economically sized centrally located power plant, but in a specific case in Alberta, Canada, the layout of existing rail lines precludes a centrally located plant supplied by rail, whereas a more versatile road system enables it by truck. Hence for wood chips as well as straw the economic incentive for rail transport to centrally located processing plants is limited. Rail transshipment may still be preferred in cases in which road congestion precludes truck delivery, for example as result of community objections.

Fence Posts and Rails

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turton, Roger

2016-01-01

"Mathematical Lens" uses photographs as a springboard for mathematical inquiry and appears in every issue of "Mathematics Teacher." Recently while dismantling an old wooden post-and-rail fence, Roger Turton noticed something very interesting when he piled up the posts and rails together in the shape of a prism. The total number…

FY 1998 Proposed Rail Improvement Program Supplement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This FY 1998 Proposed Rail Improvement Program Supplement contains those rail plan amendments which have been published subsequent to the FY 1997 Proposed Rail Improvement program supplement. This document also contains the benefit/cost methodology u...

Assessment of Rail Seat Abrasion Patterns and Environment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

Rail seat abrasion (RSA) of concrete ties is manifested by the loss of material under the rail seat area and, in extreme cases, results in loss of rail clip holding power, reverse rail cant, and gauge widening. RSA was measured in several curves on t...

On-line high-speed rail defect detection.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-01

This report presents the results of phase 2 of the project On-line high-speed rail defect detection aimed at improving the reliability and the speed of current defect detection in rails. Ultrasonic guided waves, traveling in the rail running di...

Auto-positioning ultrasonic transducer system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchanan, Randy K. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

An ultrasonic transducer apparatus and process for determining the optimal transducer position for flow measurement along a conduit outer surface. The apparatus includes a transmitting transducer for transmitting an ultrasonic signal, said transducer affixed to a conduit outer surface; a guide rail attached to a receiving transducer for guiding movement of a receiving transducer along the conduit outer surface, wherein the receiving transducer receives an ultrasonic signal from the transmitting transducer and sends a signal to a data acquisition system; and a motor for moving the receiving transducer along the guide rail, wherein the motor is controlled by a controller. The method includes affixing a transmitting transducer to an outer surface of a conduit; moving a receiving transducer on the conduit outer surface, wherein the receiving transducer is moved along a guide rail by a motor; transmitting an ultrasonic signal from the transmitting transducer that is received by the receiving transducer; communicating the signal received by the receiving transducer to a data acquisition and control system; and repeating the moving, transmitting, and communicating along a length of the conduit.

40 CFR 201.13 - Standard for rail car operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standard for rail car operations. 201... Interstate Rail Carrier Operations Standards § 201.13 Standard for rail car operations. Effective December 31, 1976, no carrier subject to this regulation shall operate any rail car or combination of rail cars...

40 CFR 201.13 - Standard for rail car operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard for rail car operations. 201... Interstate Rail Carrier Operations Standards § 201.13 Standard for rail car operations. Effective December 31, 1976, no carrier subject to this regulation shall operate any rail car or combination of rail cars...

40 CFR 201.13 - Standard for rail car operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard for rail car operations. 201... Interstate Rail Carrier Operations Standards § 201.13 Standard for rail car operations. Effective December 31, 1976, no carrier subject to this regulation shall operate any rail car or combination of rail cars...

40 CFR 201.13 - Standard for rail car operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Standard for rail car operations. 201... Interstate Rail Carrier Operations Standards § 201.13 Standard for rail car operations. Effective December 31, 1976, no carrier subject to this regulation shall operate any rail car or combination of rail cars...

40 CFR 201.13 - Standard for rail car operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for rail car operations. 201... Interstate Rail Carrier Operations Standards § 201.13 Standard for rail car operations. Effective December 31, 1976, no carrier subject to this regulation shall operate any rail car or combination of rail cars...

2000 Florida rail system plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The purpose of the Florida Rail System Plan is two-fold. First, it represents the rail : component of the Florida Transportation Plan (Agency Functional Plan) which, through an : annual series of policies, programs and projects, implements the Transp...

North Carolina rail plan 2000

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The 2000 North Carolina Rail Plan examines the need for assistance for shortline railroads and describes the railroad industry in North Carolina. It also provides a description of and information about current programs operated by the Rail Division, ...

49 CFR 236.711 - Bond, rail joint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bond, rail joint. 236.711 Section 236.711 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Bond, rail joint. A metallic connection attached to adjoining rails to insure electrical conductivity. ...

49 CFR 236.752 - Joint, rail, insulated.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Joint, rail, insulated. 236.752 Section 236.752 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Joint, rail, insulated. A joint in which electrical insulation is provided between adjoining rails. ...

46 CFR 190.25-5 - Where rails required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Where rails required. 190.25-5 Section 190.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 190.25-5 Where rails required. (a) All vessels shall have efficient guard rails...

Wheel/Rail Noise Control : A Critical Evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

Noise and vibration are the major sources of environmental impact from urban rail transit operations, and is a concern for both new and existing systems. One of the primary sources of noise on rail transit systems is wheel/rail noise, or, the noise e...

77 FR 48591 - State Rail Plan Guidance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... Plan Guidance AGENCY: Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Request for Public Comment on Proposed State Rail Plan Guidance. SUMMARY: FRA is publishing this notice to... plans. State rail plans are documents that are required under Section 303 of the Passenger Rail...

78 FR 57450 - State Rail Plan Guidance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... development of State rail plans, as appropriate. A commenter recommended that the FRA Regional Manager be... integration of State rail plan development within the statewide/nonmetropolitan transportation planning... Guidance is to describe the processes for the development, submission, and acceptance of State rail plans...

Data Analysis and Instrumentation Requirements for Evaluating Rail Joints and Rail Fasteners in Urban Track

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-02-01

Rail fasteners for concrete ties and direct fixation and bolted rail joints have been identified as key components for improving track performance. However, the lack of statistical load data limits the development of improved design criteria and eval...

76 FR 16538 - Solid Waste Rail Transfer Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... circumstances. Upon receiving a land-use-exemption permit issued by the Board, a solid waste rail transfer... new application for a land-use-exemption permit if the rail line associated with the solid waste rail... transportation of solid waste by rail. (2) The Board will not grant a land-use-exemption permit for a solid waste...

49 CFR 1580.101 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the corporate level. (d) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper, and rail hazardous materials receiver required to have an RSC must provide to TSA the names, title, phone number(s... any of this information changes. (e) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper...

49 CFR 1580.101 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the corporate level. (d) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper, and rail hazardous materials receiver required to have an RSC must provide to TSA the names, title, phone number(s... any of this information changes. (e) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper...

49 CFR 1580.101 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the corporate level. (d) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper, and rail hazardous materials receiver required to have an RSC must provide to TSA the names, title, phone number(s... any of this information changes. (e) Each freight railroad carrier, rail hazardous materials shipper...

Rail commuter vehicle curving performance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-04-01

This report presents results of a program to design and install a wayside wheel-rail force measurement system. The test site is capable of developing a set of measurements of lateral and vertical forces exerted between the wheel and the rail at caref...

National University Rail Transportation Center : Tier 1 : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-17

This project was a collaborative effort between Michigan Techs Rail Transportation Program (RTP), a member of the National University Rail Center (NURail) and the Michigan Dept of Transportation (MDOT), Office of Rail to advance rail transportatio...

78 FR 36017 - MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad-Operation Exemption-Hilco SP Rail, LLC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35725] MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad-- Operation Exemption--Hilco SP Rail, LLC MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad (MCM), a noncarrier, has filed a verified notice of exemption...

Keeping rail on track: preliminary findings on safety culture in Australian rail.

PubMed

Blewett, Verna; Rainbird, Sophia; Dorrian, Jill; Paterson, Jessica; Cattani, Marcus

2012-01-01

'Safety culture' is identified in the literature as a critical element of healthy and safe workplaces. How can rail organizations ensure that consistently effective work health and safety cultures are maintained across the diversity of their operations? This paper reports on research that is currently underway in the Australian rail industry aimed at producing a Model of Best Practice in Safety Culture for the industry. Located in rail organizations dedicated to the mining industry as well as urban rail and national freight operations, the research examines the constructs of organizational culture that impact on the development and maintenance of healthy and safe workplaces. The research uses a multi-method approach incorporating quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus groups, interviews and document analysis) methods along with a participative process to identify interventions to improve the organization and develop plans for their implementation. The research uses as its analytical framework the 10 Platinum Rules, from the findings of earlier research in the New South Wales (Australia) mining industry, Digging Deeper. Data collection is underway at the time of writing and preliminary findings are presented at this stage. The research method may be adapted for use as a form of organizational review of safety and health in organizational culture.

Investigation of rail irregularity effects on wheel/rail dynamic force in slab track: Comparison of two and three dimensional models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadeghi, Javad; Khajehdezfuly, Amin; Esmaeili, Morteza; Poorveis, Davood

2016-07-01

Rail irregularity is one of the most significant load amplification factors in railway track systems. In this paper, the capability and effectiveness of the two main railway slab tracks modeling techniques in prediction of the influences of rail irregularities on the Wheel/Rail Dynamic Force (WRDF) were investigated. For this purpose, two 2D and 3D numerical models of vehicle/discontinuous slab track interaction were developed. The validation of the numerical models was made by comparing the results of the models with those obtained from comprehensive field tests carried out in this research. The effects of the harmonic and non-harmonic rail irregularities on the WRDF obtained from 3D and 2D models were investigated. The results indicate that the difference between WRDF obtained from 2D and 3D models is negligible when the irregularities on the right and left rails are the same. However, as the difference between irregularities of the right and left rails increases, the results obtained from 2D and 3D models are considerably different. The results indicate that 2D models have limitations in prediction of WRDF; that is, a 3D modeling technique is required to predict WRDF when there is uneven or non-harmonic irregularity with large amplitudes. The size and extent of the influences of rail irregularities on the wheel/rail forces were discussed leading to provide a better understanding of the rail-wheel contact behavior and the required techniques for predicting WRDF.

Static stall alleviation using a rail plasma actuator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Young-Joon; Gray, Miles; Sirohi, Jayant; Raja, Laxminarayan L.

2018-07-01

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the ability of a rail plasma actuator (RailPAc) to alleviate static stall on an airfoil. The RailPAc device consists of parallel rails flush mounted on the upper surface of a VR-12 airfoil, with a high-current (∼1.3 kA) arc bridging the gap between the rails. A Lorentz force (∼0.3 N lasting  ∼1 ms) generated on the arc propels it along the airfoil chord and transfers momentum to the surrounding flow. Experiments were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel at two different Reynolds numbers ( and ) and various static angles of attack (up to  ∼30°). Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the flow over the passive and actuated airfoil, while the airfoil lift was measured using a force balance. The experiments showed that the RailPAc promotes flow reattachment and can suppress static stall over a wide range of angles of attack. Operation of a single RailPAc resulted in  ∼40 improvement in post-stall lift and  ∼4° increase in stall angle compared to a passive airfoil with an unpowered RailPAc. The results provide insight into the actuation mechanism and demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of the RailPAc to alleviate static stall on an airfoil.

29 CFR 1918.36 - Weather deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Weather deck rails. 1918.36 Section 1918.36 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Working Surfaces § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. Removable weather deck rails shall be kept in place except when cargo operations require them to be removed...

29 CFR 1918.36 - Weather deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Weather deck rails. 1918.36 Section 1918.36 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Working Surfaces § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. Removable weather deck rails shall be kept in place except when cargo operations require them to be removed...

29 CFR 1918.36 - Weather deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Weather deck rails. 1918.36 Section 1918.36 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Working Surfaces § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. Removable weather deck rails shall be kept in place except when cargo operations require them to be removed...

29 CFR 1918.36 - Weather deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Weather deck rails. 1918.36 Section 1918.36 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Working Surfaces § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. Removable weather deck rails shall be kept in place except when cargo operations require them to be removed...

29 CFR 1918.36 - Weather deck rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Weather deck rails. 1918.36 Section 1918.36 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Working Surfaces § 1918.36 Weather deck rails. Removable weather deck rails shall be kept in place except when cargo operations require them to be removed...

Arc-driven rail gun research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ray, P. K.

1984-01-01

The equations describing the performance of an inductively-driven rail gun are analyzed numerically. Friction between the projectile and rails is included through an empirical formulation. The equations are applied to the experiment of Rashleigh and Marshall to obtain an estimate of energy distribution in rail guns as a function of time. The effect of frictional heat dissipation on the bore of the gun is calculated. The mechanism of plasma and projectile acceleration in a dc rail gun is described from a microscopic point of view through the establishment of the Hall field. The plasma conductivity is shown to be a tensor indicating that there is a small component of current parallel to the direction of acceleration. The plasma characteristics are evaluated as a function of plasma mass through a simple fluid mechanical analysis of the plasma. By equating the energy dissipated in the plasma with the radiation heat loss, the properties of the plasma are determined.

Excitation of Surface Electromagnetic Waves on Railroad Rail

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-03-31

UMTA's Office of Rail Technology research programs aim to improve urban rail transportation systems safety. This rail-transit research study attempts to develop an onboard, separate and independent obstacle-detection system--Surface Electromagnetic W...

78 FR 59316 - Rail Vehicles Access Advisory Committee Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

...-0001] RIN 3014-AA42 Rail Vehicles Access Advisory Committee Meetings AGENCY: Architectural and... Vehicles Access Advisory Committee (Committee) will hold its first meeting. We, the Architectural and... transportation vehicles that operate on fixed guideway systems (e.g., rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail...

Sexing California Clapper Rails using morphological measurements

USGS Publications Warehouse

Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.; Takekawa, John Y.; Rohmer, Tobias M.

2009-01-01

California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) have monomorphic plumage, a trait that makes identification of sex difficult without extensive behavioral observation or genetic testing. Using 31 Clapper Rails (22 females, 9 males), caught in south San Francisco Bay, CA, and using easily measurable morphological characteristics, we developed a discriminant function to distinguish sex. We then validated this function on 33 additional rails. Seven morphological measurements were considered, resulting in three which were selected in the discriminate function: culmen length, tarsometatarsus length, and flat wing length. We had no classification errors for the development or testing datasets either with resubstitution or cross-validation procedures. Male California Clapper Rails were 6-22% larger than females for individual morphological traits, and the largest difference was in body mass.  Variables in our discriminant function closely match variables developed for sexing Clapper Rails of Gulf Coast populations. However, a universal discriminant function to sex all Clapper Rail subspecies is not likely because of large and inconsistent differences in morphological traits among subspecies. 

Proceedings : Seminar on the use of Composite Third Rail in Electrified Transit and Commuter Rail Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-11-01

The seminar was organized at the request of UMTA to disseminate accurate information on, and experience with, composite (aluminum and steel) third, or contact rail, in wayside power distribution systems of electrified urban rail properties. The semin...

Bridge rail and approach railing for low-volume roads in Iowa : tech transfer summary, March 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

The primary objective of the research summarized below was to describe the state of the practice regarding the nations bridge rails and approach guardrails and to perform a statewide crash analysis involving bridge rails and approach guardrails on...

49 CFR 213.122 - Torch cut rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Torch cut rail. 213.122 Section 213.122..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.122 Torch cut rail. (a) Except as a temporary repair in emergency situations no rail having a torch cut end shall be used in Classes 3 through 5...

49 CFR 213.122 - Torch cut rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Torch cut rail. 213.122 Section 213.122..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.122 Torch cut rail. (a) Except as a temporary repair in emergency situations no rail having a torch cut end shall be used in Classes 3 through 5...

49 CFR 213.139 - Spring rail frogs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Spring rail frogs. 213.139 Section 213.139..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.139 Spring rail frogs. (a) The outer edge of a wheel tread shall not contact the gage side of a spring wing rail. (b) The toe of each...

49 CFR 213.139 - Spring rail frogs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Spring rail frogs. 213.139 Section 213.139..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.139 Spring rail frogs. (a) The outer edge of a wheel tread shall not contact the gage side of a spring wing rail. (b) The toe of each...

49 CFR 213.139 - Spring rail frogs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Spring rail frogs. 213.139 Section 213.139..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.139 Spring rail frogs. (a) The outer edge of a wheel tread shall not contact the gage side of a spring wing rail. (b) The toe of each...

49 CFR 213.139 - Spring rail frogs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Spring rail frogs. 213.139 Section 213.139..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.139 Spring rail frogs. (a) The outer edge of a wheel tread shall not contact the gage side of a spring wing rail. (b) The toe of each...

49 CFR 213.139 - Spring rail frogs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Spring rail frogs. 213.139 Section 213.139..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRACK SAFETY STANDARDS Track Structure § 213.139 Spring rail frogs. (a) The outer edge of a wheel tread shall not contact the gage side of a spring wing rail. (b) The toe of each...

Rail Integrity Experience on the Washington Metro System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-12

The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) provides passenger rail service to the nations capital. Although the rail system carries only passenger trains, the rail integrity issues that WMATA must manage are similar to those that f...

Analysis of Rail Transit Vehicle Dynamic Curving Performance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-06-01

An analytical model is developed for determining the dynamic curving performance of rail transit vehicles. The dynamic wheel/rail interaction forces, vehicle suspension and body motions and track displacement are computed, as well as wheel and rail w...

76 FR 77716 - Alternate Passenger Rail Service Pilot Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... program that permits a rail carrier or rail carriers that own infrastructure over which Amtrak operates... develops a pilot program that permits a rail carrier or rail carriers that own infrastructure over which... the infrastructure as described in Sec. 269.7 of this final rule. In addition, such information...

Commuter rail seat testing and analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-07-31

The need to determine the structural integrity and passenger safety provided by existing commuter rail seats was identified by the Construction/Structural Subgroup of the American Public Transportation Association's (APTA) Passenger Rail Equipment Sa...

Analyses of rail vehicle dynamics in support of development of the wheel rail dynamics research facility

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-06-30

The development of experimental facilities for rail vehicle testing at the DOT High Speed Ground Test Center is being complemented by analytical studies. The purpose of this effort has been to gain insight into the dynamics of rail vehicles to guide ...

49 CFR 212.231 - Highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. 212.231... § 212.231 Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) The highway-rail grade crossing inspector is required, at a minimum, to be able to conduct independent inspections of all types of highway-rail grade...

49 CFR 212.231 - Highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. 212.231... § 212.231 Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) The highway-rail grade crossing inspector is required, at a minimum, to be able to conduct independent inspections of all types of highway-rail grade...

49 CFR 212.231 - Highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. 212.231... § 212.231 Highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) The highway-rail grade crossing inspector is required, at a minimum, to be able to conduct independent inspections of all types of highway-rail grade...

Insights in Public Health: Protecting Public Health Through Governmental Transparency: How the Hawai'i Department of Health's New "Stoplight" Placarding Program is Attempting to Influence Behavioral Change in Hawai'i's Food Industry.

PubMed

Oshiro, Peter

2015-08-01

Reducing the occurrence of and influencing the rapid correction of food illness risk factors is a common goal for all governmental food regulatory programs nationwide. Foodborne illness in the United States is a major cause of personal distress, preventable illness, and death. To improve public health outcomes, additional workforce was required due to long standing staffing shortages and was obtained partially through consolidation of the Hawai'i Department of Health's (HDOH) two food safety programs, the Sanitation Branch, and the Food & Drug Branch in July 2012, and through legislation that amended existing statutes governing the use of food establishment permit fees. Additionally, a more transparent food establishment grading system was developed after extensive work with industry partners based on three possible placards issued after routine inspections: green, yellow, and red. From late July 2014 to May 2015, there were 6,559 food establishments inspected statewide using the placard system with 79% receiving a green, 21% receiving a yellow, and no red placards issued. Sufficient workforce to allow timely inspections, continued governmental transparency, and use of new technologies are important to improve food safety for the public.

ADA final rule : rail system accessibility

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-31

This document evaluates the benefits, costs, and other impacts of a DOT rulemaking related to : the accessibility of commuter rail transportation and intercity passenger rail service. In keeping with Executive Order 12866, Executive Order 13563, and ...

75 FR 17462 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-06

... decision may be purchased by contacting the office of Public Assistance, Governmental Affairs, and...-2)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the second quarter 2010 Rail Cost...

49 CFR 172.516 - Visibility and display of placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... faces, except from the direction of another transport vehicle or rail car to which the motor vehicle or... Section 172.516 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION...

Broken rail track detection using smart materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouteiller, Fanny; Grisso, Benjamin L.; Peairs, Daniel M.; Inman, Daniel J.

2006-03-01

Rail lines are subject to many types of damage that, in the worst cases, can cause train derailments. The damage can arise from either manufacturing defects or external factors, possibly even terrorist acts to disrupt the civil infrastructure. Current rail inspection techniques require train traffic to be interrupted while workers and equipment move along the track. Moreover, a technician with rail testing experience is required to analyze the results. This paper focuses on simple proof of concept experiments to determine if impedance based structural health monitoring may be used to detect anomalies in rail tracks, and in particular broken rails. The technique applies a very low voltage (one volt) high frequency wave to a structure, measures its response and determines the location and extent of a rail break. The monitoring device is envisioned to run off of ambient vibration and thermal gradients provided by passing trains and daily thermal cycles, store the energy and utilize the stored energy periodically to inspect the track (according to the track usage schedule). If damage occurs or starts to occur, a warning signal would be transmitted to substation then broadcast to the appropriate operator listing the location and extent of the damage.

49 CFR 37.79 - Purchase or lease of new rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.79 Section 37.79 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. Each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system making a... system shall ensure that the vehicle is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities...

49 CFR 37.79 - Purchase or lease of new rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.79 Section 37.79 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. Each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system making a... system shall ensure that the vehicle is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities...

49 CFR 37.79 - Purchase or lease of new rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.79 Section 37.79 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. Each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system making a... system shall ensure that the vehicle is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities...

49 CFR 37.79 - Purchase or lease of new rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.79 Section 37.79 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. Each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system making a... system shall ensure that the vehicle is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities...

49 CFR 37.79 - Purchase or lease of new rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.79 Section 37.79 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. Each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system making a... system shall ensure that the vehicle is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities...

Environmental impact assessment of rail infrastructure.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-29

This project resulted in three products: a comprehensive "Sustainable Rail Checklist," a rail planning GIS database, and a web GIS tool that integrates sustainability metrics and facilitates a rapid assessment before a formal NEPA process is implemen...

Determination of Residual Stresses in Rails

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-05-01

A destructive sectioning technique for measuring the complete three-dimensional residual stresses in a rail cross section was developed. The technique was applied to four tangent rail specimens: two 136-pound specimens were taken from FAST (Facility ...

76 FR 59483 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public Assistance, Governmental Affairs, and...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the fourth quarter 2011 Rail Cost Adjustment...

The Rail Alignment Environmental Impact Statement: An Update

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

R. Sweeney

2005-01-20

On July 23,2002, the President of the United States signed into law a joint resolution of the United States Congress designating the Yucca Mountain site in Nye County, Nevada, for development as a geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. If the US. Nuclear Regulatory Commission authorizes construction of the repository and receipt and possession of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive at Yucca Mountain, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) would be responsible for transporting these materials to the Yucca Mountain repository as part of its obligation under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.more » Part of the site recommendation decision included the analysis of a nation-wide shipping campaign to the proposed repository site. The ''Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada'' (February 2002) (Repository EIS) evaluated the potential impacts of the transportation of 70,000 Metric Tons of Heavy Metal spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste from 77 locations around the nation to the potential repository in Nevada over a 24 year shipping campaign. In the Repository EIS, DOE identified mostly rail as its preferred mode of transportation, both nationally and in the State of Nevada. In December 2003, based on public comments and the environmental analyses in the Repository EIS, DOE identified a preference for the Caliente rail corridor in Nevada. On April 8, 2004, DOE issued a Record of Decision (ROD) on the Mode of Transportation and Nevada Rail Corridor for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. In this ROD, the DOE announced that it had decided to select the mostly rail scenario analyzed in the Repository EIS as the transportation mode both on a national basis and in the State of Nevada. Under the mostly rail

Strategic Mobility 21: Rail Network Capacity Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-30

of commercial freight and passenger train movements per peak day on the rail main lines in the study area for Year 2000 (actual...levels in Year 2010 and beyond with transit times comparable to Year 2000, at least four main tracks on the south slope of Cajon Pass are required... study . Rail Network Capacity Analysis 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION This document contains the analysis of rail capacity

49 CFR 37.81 - Purchase or lease of used rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.81 Section 37.81 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) Except as provided elsewhere in this section, each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system which, after August 25, 1990, purchases or leases a used rapid or...

49 CFR 37.81 - Purchase or lease of used rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.81 Section 37.81 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) Except as provided elsewhere in this section, each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system which, after August 25, 1990, purchases or leases a used rapid or...

49 CFR 37.81 - Purchase or lease of used rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.81 Section 37.81 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) Except as provided elsewhere in this section, each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system which, after August 25, 1990, purchases or leases a used rapid or...

49 CFR 37.81 - Purchase or lease of used rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.81 Section 37.81 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) Except as provided elsewhere in this section, each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system which, after August 25, 1990, purchases or leases a used rapid or...

49 CFR 37.81 - Purchase or lease of used rail vehicles by public entities operating rapid or light rail systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... entities operating rapid or light rail systems. 37.81 Section 37.81 Transportation Office of the Secretary... operating rapid or light rail systems. (a) Except as provided elsewhere in this section, each public entity operating a rapid or light rail system which, after August 25, 1990, purchases or leases a used rapid or...

Fatigue Crack Propagation in Rail Steels

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-06-01

In order to establish safe inspection periods of railroad rails, information on fatigue crack growth rates is required. These data should come from a sufficiently large sample of rails presently in service. The reported research consisted of the gene...

77 FR 37958 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the third quarter 2012 rail cost adjustment...

75 FR 35877 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... available on our Web site, http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting...-3)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the third quarter 2010 rail cost...

75 FR 58019 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the fourth quarter 2010 Rail Cost Adjustment...

75 FR 80895 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the first quarter 2011 Rail Cost Adjustment...

76 FR 16037 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-22

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the second quarter 2011 Rail Cost Adjustment...

78 FR 37660 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board approves the third quarter 2013 Rail Cost Adjustment Factor...

76 FR 37191 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

... our Web site, http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the third quarter 2011 Rail Cost Adjustment...

78 FR 59093 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the fourth quarter 2013 rail cost adjustment factor (RCAF) and cost index filed by the Association of American Railroads. The fourth quarter 2013 RCAF...

78 FR 17764 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-22

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the second quarter 2013 Rail Cost Adjustment...

Real-time and accurate rail wear measurement method and experimental analysis.

PubMed

Liu, Zhen; Li, Fengjiao; Huang, Bangkui; Zhang, Guangjun

2014-08-01

When a train is running on uneven or curved rails, it generates violent vibrations on the rails. As a result, the light plane of the single-line structured light vision sensor is not vertical, causing errors in rail wear measurements (referred to as vibration errors in this paper). To avoid vibration errors, a novel rail wear measurement method is introduced in this paper, which involves three main steps. First, a multi-line structured light vision sensor (which has at least two linear laser projectors) projects a stripe-shaped light onto the inside of the rail. Second, the central points of the light stripes in the image are extracted quickly, and the three-dimensional profile of the rail is obtained based on the mathematical model of the structured light vision sensor. Then, the obtained rail profile is transformed from the measurement coordinate frame (MCF) to the standard rail coordinate frame (RCF) by taking the three-dimensional profile of the measured rail waist as the datum. Finally, rail wear constraint points are adopted to simplify the location of the rail wear points, and the profile composed of the rail wear points are compared with the standard rail profile in RCF to determine the rail wear. Both real data experiments and simulation experiments show that the vibration errors can be eliminated when the proposed method is used.

Light Rail Transit Car Specification Guide

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-12-01

This Light Rail Transit Car Specification Guide is not a procurement document in itself. It is intended to be used as a guide by light rail transit operators and purchasers of such equipment in the preparation of technical specifications. Because of ...

78 FR 71724 - Rail Depreciation Studies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board Rail Depreciation Studies AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION: Notice of OMB Approval of Information Collection. SUMMARY... collection, Rail Depreciation Studies. See 78 FR 18676 (Mar. 27, 2013). This collection, codified at 49 CFR...

Factors affecting commuter rail energy efficiency.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-02-17

The objective of this study is to develop a planninglevel model of commuter rail energy efficiency. The : environmental benefits of commuter rail are often cited as one of the key benefits and motivators for its rapid development as a public trans...

FY 1998 Proposed Rail Improvement Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

The Illinois Department of Transportation has, in the past, published its Rail program yearly, and its Rail plan as needs dictate. The department has combined : both documents into one. This new document, as with those Programs and Plans : that have ...

Making truck-rail intermodal more competitive.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

Truck-rail intermodal freight is a technique that can gain much of the benefit of truck service and rail efficiency. Despite the attraction of the mode : choice and its benefit in reducing emissions and highway congestion, the mode typically is used ...

76 FR 80448 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the first quarter 2012 rail cost adjustment factor (RCAF... decision, which is available on our Web site, http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be...

77 FR 58910 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

..., http://www.stb.dot.gov . Copies of the decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. SUMMARY: The Board has approved the fourth quarter 2012 rail cost adjustment factor (RCAF...

77 FR 69769 - Solid Waste Rail Transfer Facilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

.... SUMMARY: These final rules govern land-use-exemption permits for solid waste rail transfer facilities. The... ``land-use-exemption permits'' in certain circumstances. Under the CRA, a solid waste rail transfer... grants a land-use-exemption permit for a solid waste rail transfer facility, such permit would only...

Analysis of minimum rail size in heavy axle load environment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-15

The effects of increasing axle loads on rail integrity are examined in this paper. In the present context, rail integrity refers to the prevention and control of rail failures. Rail failures usually occur because cracks or defects develop and grow fr...

Detection method based on Kalman filter for high speed rail defect AE signal on wheel-rail rolling rig

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Qiushi; Shen, Yi; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Xin

2018-01-01

Nondestructive test (NDT) of rails has been carried out intermittently in traditional approaches, which highly restricts the detection efficiency under rapid development of high speed railway nowadays. It is necessary to put forward a dynamic rail defect detection method for rail health monitoring. Acoustic emission (AE) as a practical real-time detection technology takes advantage of dynamic AE signal emitted from plastic deformation of material. Detection capacities of AE on rail defects have been verified due to its sensitivity and dynamic merits. Whereas the application under normal train service circumstance has been impeded by synchronous background noises, which are directly linked to the wheel speed. In this paper, surveys on a wheel-rail rolling rig are performed to investigate defect AE signals with varying speed. A dynamic denoising method based on Kalman filter is proposed and its detection effectiveness and flexibility are demonstrated by theory and computational results. Moreover, after comparative analysis of modelling precision at different speeds, it is predicted that the method is also applicable for high speed condition beyond experiments.

Lead residues in sora rails from Maryland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stendell, Rey C.; Artmann, Joseph W.; Martin, Elwood

1980-01-01

During September and October, mi- grating sora rails (Porzana carolina) use tidal marshes of the Patuxent River in Maryland, where they have been hunted for many years. Spent shot accumulates in the marsh during the rail hunting sea- son, and some shot is ingested by the birds. Twelve percent of gizzards from rails collected at the marsh during 1965- 73 contained lead shot (Artmann and Martin 1975). Effects of ingested lead on waterfowl are well documented (Bellrose 1959), although effects on other species of wild birds are not well known. In this note we report lead residues in liver and bone tissues of sora rails collected at the Patuxent River marshes in 1976.

Rail and Motor Outloading Capability Study. Fort Devens, Massachusetts,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

AD-AI 765 MILITARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT COMMAND TRANSPORTATION EN-ETC FIO 15/5 RAIL AND MOTOR OUTLOADING CAPABILITY STUDY. FORT DEVENS . MASSAC-ETC(U...REPORT TE 79-4-54 RAIL AND MOTOR OUTLOADING CAPABILITY STUDY FORT DEVENS , MASSACHUSETTS Accession Far DTIC TAB March 1980 _stribution/ Av_alability...INTRODUCTION 6.. . .. . . II. ANALYSIS OF FORT DEVENS ’ RAIL OUTLOADING FACILITIES ... . . .. . .9 A. General .9.. B. Rail Facility Description

Rail accelerator technology and applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zana, L. M.; Kerslake, W. R.

1985-01-01

Rail accelerators offer a viable means of launching ton-size payloads from the Earth's surface to space. The results of two mission studies which indicate that an Earth-to-Space Rail Launcher (ESRL) system is not only technically feasible but also economically beneficial, particularly when large amounts of bulk cago are to be delivered to space are given. An in-house experimental program at the Lewis Research Center (LeRC) was conducted in parallel with the mission studies with the objective of examining technical feasibility issues. A 1 m long - 12.5 by 12.5 mm bore rail accelerator as designed with clear polycarbonate sidewalls to visually observe the plasma armature acceleration. The general character of plasma/projectile dynamics is described for a typical test firing.

Ceramic Rail-Race Ball Bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balzer, Mark A.; Mungas, Greg S.; Peters, Gregory H.

2010-01-01

Non-lubricated ball bearings featuring rail races have been proposed for use in mechanisms that are required to function in the presence of mineral dust particles in very low-pressure, dry environments with extended life. Like a conventional ball bearing, the proposed bearing would include an inner and an outer ring separated by balls in rolling contact with the races. However, unlike a conventional ball bearing, the balls would not roll in semi-circular or gothic arch race grooves in the rings: instead, the races would be shaped to form two or more rails (see figure). During operation, the motion of the balls would push dust particles into the spaces between the rails where the particles could not generate rolling resistance for the balls

Chicago-St. Louis high speed rail plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stead, M.E.

1994-12-31

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), in cooperation with Amtrak, undertook the Chicago-St. Louis High Speed Rail Financial and Implementation Plan study in order to develop a realistic and achievable blueprint for implementation of high speed rail in the Chicago-St. Louis corridor. This report presents a summary of the Price Waterhouse Project Team`s analysis and the Financial and Implementation Plan for implementing high speed rail service in the Chicago-St. Louis corridor.

Potential scenarios of concern for high speed rail operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-16

Currently, multiple operating authorities are proposing the : introduction of high-speed rail service in the United States. : While high-speed rail service shares a number of basic : principles with conventional-speed rail service, the operational : ...

Linear friction welding for constructing and repairing rail for high speed and intercity passenger service rail : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

This project developed a solid-state welding process based on linear friction welding (LFW) technology. While resistance flash welding or : thermite techniques are tried and true methods for joining rails and performing partial rail replacement repai...

Modelling of dynamic contact length in rail grinding process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhi, Shaodan; Li, Jianyong; Zarembski, A. M.

2014-09-01

Rails endure frequent dynamic loads from the passing trains for supporting trains and guiding wheels. The accumulated stress concentrations will cause the plastic deformation of rail towards generating corrugations, contact fatigue cracks and also other defects, resulting in more dangerous status even the derailment risks. So the rail grinding technology has been invented with rotating grinding stones pressed on the rail with defects removal. Such rail grinding works are directed by experiences rather than scientifically guidance, lacking of flexible and scientific operating methods. With grinding control unit holding the grinding stones, the rail grinding process has the characteristics not only the surface grinding but also the running railway vehicles. First of all, it's important to analyze the contact length between the grinding stone and the rail, because the contact length is a critical parameter to measure the grinding capabilities of stones. Moreover, it's needed to build up models of railway vehicle unit bonded with the grinding stone to represent the rail grinding car. Therefore the theoretical model for contact length is developed based on the geometrical analysis. And the calculating models are improved considering the grinding car's dynamic behaviors during the grinding process. Eventually, results are obtained based on the models by taking both the operation parameters and the structure parameters into the calculation, which are suitable for revealing the process of rail grinding by combining the grinding mechanism and the railway vehicle systems.

Assessment of rail long-pitch corrugation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valehrach, Jan; Guziur, Petr; Riha, Tomas; Plasek, Otto

2017-09-01

The paper focuses on defects of the running surface of the rail, namely the rail corrugation defect and specifically long-pitch corrugation in curves of small radii. These defects cause a shorter life of the rails, greater maintenance costs and increase the noise and vibration pollution. Therefore, it is very important to understand the formation and development of the imperfection of the rails. In the paper, various sections of railway tracks in the Czech Republic are listed, each of them completed with comparison of defect development, the particular track superstructure, rolling stock, axle load, traffic load etc. Based on performed measurements, defect development has been proved as different on sections with similar (or even same) parameters. The paper assumes that a train velocity is the significant circumstance for defect development rates. Assessment of track section with under sleeper pads, which are expected to be the one of the possible ways to suppress the corrugation defect development, is included in evaluation.

Energy partitioning in an inductively driven rail gun

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sen, K. K.; Ray, P. K.

1984-01-01

The equations describing the performance of an inductively driven rail are analyzed numerically. Friction between the projectile and rails is included through an empirical formulation. The equations are applied to the experiment of Rashleigh and Marshall to obtain an estimate of energy distribution in rail guns as a function of time. It is found that only 15 percent of energy delivered by the inductor to the gun is transformed into the kinetic energy of the projectile. This study provides an insight into the nature of nonlinear coupling involved in the electromechanical interactions in a rail gun.

A comparative study of rail-pedestrian trespassing crash injury severity between highway-rail grade crossings and non-crossings.

PubMed

Zhang, Meng; Khattak, Asad J; Liu, Jun; Clarke, David

2018-08-01

Rail-trespassing crashes that involve various levels of injuries to pedestrians are under-researched. Rail trespassing could occur at crossings where pedestrians are present at the wrong time and at non-crossings where pedestrians are not legally allowed to be present. This paper presents a comparative study examining rail-trespassing crashes in two contexts: highway-rail grade crossings vs. non-crossings. How pre-crash trespassing behaviors and other factors (e.g., crash time, locations, and socio-demographics) differ between grade crossings and non-crossings are explored. The analysis relies on a ten-year (2006-2015) database of rail-pedestrian trespassing crash records extracted from a Federal Railroad Administration safety database. Of these 7157 rail-pedestrian trespassing crashes, 6236 (87%) occurred at non-crossings, while 921 (13%) occurred at grade crossings. About 60% of the crashes were fatal at both crossings and non-crossings. The most prevalent pre-crash trespassing behavior is running or walking, 63% at grade crossings and 44% at non-crossings. Lying or sleeping account for 29% of non-crossing crashes, whereas they are 3.6% at grade crossings. A unique aspect of the study is that a diverse set of variables based on geographic variations across counties along with crash or injury data are modeled. Considering the data structure and heterogeneity that may exist due to unobserved factors, the multilevel mixed-effect ordered logistic regressions models are estimated. The results show that the correlates of injury severity differ across highway-rail grade crossings and non-crossings. For example, lying or sleeping on or near tracks contributed to higher chances of fatal injury in both contexts, however, they were relatively more injurious at grade crossings. The analytical results can provide guidance on railway safety improvement plans. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The physics of wheel-rail stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, B. T. G.

2018-05-01

This article discusses, at a simple level, the dynamics of the wheel-rail interface, which is fundamental to the stability of rail vehicles. The physics underlying this topic deserves to be better known by physicists and physics students, as it underpins such an important part of our technological infrastructure.

49 CFR 213.351 - Rail joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... replaced. (d) Each rail shall be bolted with at least two bolts at each joint. (e) Each joint bar shall be... in this subpart. (f) No rail shall have a bolt hole which is torch cut or burned. (g) No joint bar shall be reconfigured by torch cutting. ...

The Physics of Wheel-Rail Stability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tan, B. T. G.

2018-01-01

This article discusses, at a simple level, the dynamics of the wheel-rail interface, which is fundamental to the stability of rail vehicles. The physics underlying this topic deserves to be better known by physicists and physics students, as it underpins such an important part of our technological infrastructure

A Big Data Analysis Approach for Rail Failure Risk Assessment.

PubMed

Jamshidi, Ali; Faghih-Roohi, Shahrzad; Hajizadeh, Siamak; Núñez, Alfredo; Babuska, Robert; Dollevoet, Rolf; Li, Zili; De Schutter, Bart

2017-08-01

Railway infrastructure monitoring is a vital task to ensure rail transportation safety. A rail failure could result in not only a considerable impact on train delays and maintenance costs, but also on safety of passengers. In this article, the aim is to assess the risk of a rail failure by analyzing a type of rail surface defect called squats that are detected automatically among the huge number of records from video cameras. We propose an image processing approach for automatic detection of squats, especially severe types that are prone to rail breaks. We measure the visual length of the squats and use them to model the failure risk. For the assessment of the rail failure risk, we estimate the probability of rail failure based on the growth of squats. Moreover, we perform severity and crack growth analyses to consider the impact of rail traffic loads on defects in three different growth scenarios. The failure risk estimations are provided for several samples of squats with different crack growth lengths on a busy rail track of the Dutch railway network. The results illustrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2017 The Authors Risk Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Risk Analysis.

Methods for Joining of Rails : Survey Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-07-01

The performance of track structures depends greatly on the integrity of the connections between rail sections. Because the majority of service and detected rail failures occur at joints, particularly conventional bolted joints, this survey was conduc...

Fatigue Crack Growth Properties of Rail Steels

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-10-01

Fatigue crack propagation properties of rail steels were determined experimentally. The investigation covered 66 rail steels. The effects of the following parameters were studied: stress ratio (ratio of minimum to maximum stress in a cycle), frequenc...

Electric rail gun projectile acceleration to high velocity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, D. P.; Mccormick, T. J.; Barber, J. P.

1982-01-01

Electric rail accelerators are being investigated for application in electric propulsion systems. Several electric propulsion applications require that the rail accelerator be capable of launching projectiles at velocities above 10 km/s. An experimental program was conducted to develop rail accelerator technology for high velocity projectile launch. Several 6 mm bore, 3 m long rail accelerators were fabricated. Projectiles with a mass of 0.2 g were accelerated by plasmas, carrying currents up to 150 kA. Experimental design and results are described. Results indicate that the accelerator performed as predicted for a fraction of the total projectile acceleration. The disparity between predicted and measured results are discussed.

Flows of Selected Hazardous Materials by Rail

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-03-01

This report reviews the hazardous materials rail traffic of 33 selected hazardous materials commoditites or commodity groups in 1986, a relatively typical recent year. The flow of the selected commodities by rail are characterized and their geographi...

Improvement in Magnetic Techniques for Rail Inspection

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

Current inspection of rail for internal defects is carried out by ultrasonic and/or magnetic technique for inspecting rail for internal flaws. The major emphasis was placed on improving the speed and detectability of current techniques. Experimental ...

Improving fatigue performance of rail thermite welds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jezzini-Aouad, M.; Flahaut, P.; Hariri, S.; Winiar, L.

2010-06-01

Rail transport development offers economic and ecological interests. Nevertheless, it requires heavy investments in rolling material and infrastructure. To be competitive, this transportation means must rely on safe and reliable infrastructure, which requires optimization of all implemented techniques and structure. Rail thermite (or aluminothermic) welding is widely used within the railway industry for in-track welding during re-rail and defect replacement. The process provides numerous advantages against other welding technology commonly used. Obviously, future demands on train traffic are heavier axle loads, higher train speeds and increased traffic density. Thus, a new enhanced weld should be developed to prevent accidents due to fracture of welds and to lower maintenance costs. In order to improve such assembly process, a detailed metallurgical study coupled to a thermomechanical modelling of the phenomena involved in the thermite welding process is carried out. Obtained data enables us to develop a new improved thermite weld (type A). This joint is made by modifying the routinely specified procedure (type B) used in a railway rail by a standard gap alumino-thermic weld. Joints of type A and B are tested and compared. Based on experimental temperature measurements, a finite element analysis is used to calculate the thermal residual stresses induced. In the vicinity of the weld, the residual stress patterns depend on the thermal conditions during welding as it also shown by litterature [1, 2]. In parallel, X-Ray diffraction has been used to map the residual stress field that is generated in welded rail of types A and B. Their effect on fatigue crack growth in rail welds is studied. An experimental study based on fatigue tests of rails welded by conventional and improved processes adjudicates on the new advances and results will be shown.

Segmented rail linear induction motor

DOEpatents

Cowan, M. Jr.; Marder, B.M.

1996-09-03

A segmented rail linear induction motor has a segmented rail consisting of a plurality of nonferrous electrically conductive segments aligned along a guideway. The motor further includes a carriage including at least one pair of opposed coils fastened to the carriage for moving the carriage. A power source applies an electric current to the coils to induce currents in the conductive surfaces to repel the coils from adjacent edges of the conductive surfaces. 6 figs.

Segmented rail linear induction motor

DOEpatents

Cowan, Jr., Maynard; Marder, Barry M.

1996-01-01

A segmented rail linear induction motor has a segmented rail consisting of a plurality of nonferrous electrically conductive segments aligned along a guideway. The motor further includes a carriage including at least one pair of opposed coils fastened to the carriage for moving the carriage. A power source applies an electric current to the coils to induce currents in the conductive surfaces to repel the coils from adjacent edges of the conductive surfaces.

Fatigue Crack Initiation Properties of Rail Steels

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

Fatigue crack initiation properties of rail-steels were determined experimentally. One new and four used rail steels were investigated. The effects of the following parameters were studied: stress ratio (ratio of minimum to maximum stress in a cycle)...

Controls to Eliminate Broken Rails in Service

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-12

Broken rails in freight and passenger revenue service occur : due to single, or combinations of, faults or failures of various : kinds. These may occur due to limitations inherent in the rail : defect inspection process, track maintenance and renewal...

The literature of the California black rail

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilbur, Sanford R.

1974-01-01

Few birds have remained so little known as the California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). Although first collected in 1859 or before and reported in 1874 (Ridgway 1874), its life history, distribution, and status have remained so obscure that even a sight record of the bird is deemed worthy of a report in some ornithological publications. Because degradation and loss of freshwater and saltwater marshlands in California may be detrimentally affecting the black rail, both the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (1973) and the California Department of Fish and Game (1972) have classified it as rare and worthy of further study. The 84 papers and notes both summarized in this report and included in its bibliography include essentially all that is currently known about the California black rail. Only 11 of these papers consider the life history of this rail in any detail. The rest are distribution notes and some of the more important papers on the closely related eastern black rail (L. j. jamaicensis). The latter are included for comparative purposes, or because they may lend clues to currently unknown facets of the life history of the western race.

Control Measurements of Crane Rails Performed by Terrestrial Laser Scanning

PubMed Central

Kregar, Klemen; Možina, Jan; Ambrožič, Tomaž; Kogoj, Dušan; Marjetič, Aleš; Štebe, Gašper; Savšek, Simona

2017-01-01

This article presents a method for measuring the geometry of crane rails with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Two sets of crane rails were divided into segments, their planes were adjusted, and the characteristic rail lines were defined. We used their profiles to define the positional and altitude deviations of the rails, the span and height difference between the two rails, and we also verified that they complied with the Eurocode 3 standard. We tested the method on crane rails at the hydroelectric power plant in Krško and the thermal power plant in Brestanica. We used two scanning techniques: “pure” TLS (Riegel VZ-400) and “hybrid” TLS (Leica MS50) scanning. This article’s original contribution lies in the detailed presentation of the computations used to define the characteristic lines of the rails without using the numeric procedures from existing software packages. We also analysed the influence of segment length and point density on the rail geometry results, and compared the two laser scanning techniques. We also compared the results obtained by terrestrial laser scanning with the results obtained from the classic polar method, which served as a reference point for its precision. PMID:28726755

Rail inspection system based on iGPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Xiaoyan; Wang, Mulan; Wen, Xiuping

2018-05-01

Track parameters include gauge, super elevation, cross level and so on, which could be calculated through the three-dimensional coordinates of the track. The rail inspection system based on iGPS (indoor/infrared GPS) was composed of base station, receiver, rail inspection frame, wireless communication unit, display and control unit and data processing unit. With the continuous movement of the inspection frame, the system could accurately inspect the coordinates of rail; realize the intelligent detection and precision measurement. According to principle of angle intersection measurement, the inspection model was structured, and detection process was given.

Crashworthiness requirements for commuter rail passenger seats

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-11-05

Occupant experiments using instrumented crash test dummies seated in commuter rail seats have been conducted on board full-scale impact tests of rail cars. The tests have been conducted using both conventional cars and cars modified to incorporate cr...

49 CFR 1580.201 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Rail security coordinator. 1580.201 Section 1580.201 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MARITIME AND LAND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY RAIL TRANSPORTATION...

49 CFR 1580.201 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Rail security coordinator. 1580.201 Section 1580.201 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MARITIME AND LAND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY RAIL TRANSPORTATION...

Simulation of rail yard emissions transport to the near-source environment

EPA Science Inventory

Rail yards are critical nodes in the freight transportation network and locations of clustered emission sources. When people reside in close proximity to an active rail yard, the near-field effect of rail yard emissions is of concern. Field characterization of near-rail yard ai...

The status of the light-footed clapper rail

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilbur, S.R.

1974-01-01

Only 12 California marsh areas are presently believed to be inhabited by the Light-footed Clapper Rail, and eight of these appear to support only 5-15 birds apiece. Tentative estimates for the other four are: Anaheim Bay 200, Upper Newport 30-35, Los Penasquitos 30, and Tijuana Estuary 150. These estimates, admittedly very rough, indicate a total Light-footed Rail population on only about 500 birds. Recognizing that rails are secretive and hard to inventory, the actual count could be somewhat higher, but I feel it is most unlikely that the number could be more than 750 birds altogether. Reductions in Light-footed Clapper Rail populations can be attributed almost entirely to loss of habitat. An estimated 26,000 acres of saltmarsh once existed between Santa Barbara and the Mexican border. At present there are approximately 8500 acres, much of which has been degraded by pollution, water diversion, and restriction of tidal flow. Of those areas currently occupied by Clapper Rails, few can be considered to have a very secure future. Of the four major areas only Anaheim Bay appears to be relatively safe from future habitat destruction. Tijuana Estuary, Los Penasquitos Lagoon, and Upper Newport Bay are all threatened by commercial developments that could reduce or destroy local rail populations. I have not visited Baja California, but I believe there is still a substantial population of Clapper Rails in the marshes around San Quintin Bay. Taxonomists do not agree on the subspecific identity of these birds, but some feel they are representatives of the Light-footed race. If so, it is fortunate to have a relatively secure (for now) reservoir of these birds, but whether the Light-footed Clapper Rail survives within the United States may well be decided within the next few years.

49 CFR 392.12 - Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance. 392.12... DRIVING OF COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLES Driving of Commercial Motor Vehicles § 392.12 Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance. No driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall drive onto a highway-rail grade crossing...

49 CFR 392.12 - Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance. 392.12... DRIVING OF COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLES Driving of Commercial Motor Vehicles § 392.12 Highway-rail crossings; safe clearance. No driver of a commercial motor vehicle shall drive onto a highway-rail grade crossing...

76 FR 17615 - Highway-Rail Grade Crossing; Safe Clearance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-30

...-2006-25660] RIN 2137-AE69 & 2126-AB04 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing; Safe Clearance AGENCY: Pipeline and... PHMSA and FMCSA extend the comment period for the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing; Safe Clearance Notice of... Alliance (CVSA) requested that PHMSA and FMCSA extend the comment period for the Highway-Rail Grade...

Truck safety at highway-rail grade crossings.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Safety at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGC) is a major concern for different agencies because increasing highway and rail : traffic presents a greater risk of crashes at these locations. In 2008, there were 2,391 crashes and 523 fatalities reported...

Fire Safety Countermeasures for Urban Rail Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-07-01

The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) has analyzed transit system fire statistics to learn how often fire and smoke incidents occur on rail transit systems. While the threat of fire accounts for only a small percentage of all rail ...

A national survey of commuter rail policy.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-22

The research project will provided a detailed survey of the history and effectiveness of commuter rail policy in the United States. It will examine the means by which commuter rail policy is locally modified and re-employed in subsequent commuter rai...

Safer bridge railings, volume 1 summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-06-01

This study consisted of strength analyses of five in-service bridge railing systems, thirty full-scale vehicle crash tests on those railing systems and on a load measuring wall, the development of recommended design guidelines and deve1opment of reco...

49 CFR 213.121 - Rail joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the rail on which it is applied. (b) If a joint bar on Classes 3 through 5 track is cracked, broken... at each joint in Classes 2 through 5 track, and with at least one bolt in Class 1 track. (e) In the... accommodate expansion and contraction due to temperature variations. When no-slip, joint-to-rail contact...

49 CFR 213.113 - Defective rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... smooth, bright, or dark, round or oval surface substantially at a right angle to the length of the rail... in the head of the rail as a smooth, bright, or dark surface progressing until substantially at a... head, and extending into or through it. A crack or rust streak may show under the head close to the web...

49 CFR 213.113 - Defective rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... smooth, bright, or dark, round or oval surface substantially at a right angle to the length of the rail... in the head of the rail as a smooth, bright, or dark surface progressing until substantially at a... head, and extending into or through it. A crack or rust streak may show under the head close to the web...

49 CFR 213.113 - Defective rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... smooth, bright, or dark, round or oval surface substantially at a right angle to the length of the rail... in the head of the rail as a smooth, bright, or dark surface progressing until substantially at a... head, and extending into or through it. A crack or rust streak may show under the head close to the web...

49 CFR 213.113 - Defective rails.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... smooth, bright, or dark, round or oval surface substantially at a right angle to the length of the rail... in the head of the rail as a smooth, bright, or dark surface progressing until substantially at a... head, and extending into or through it. A crack or rust streak may show under the head close to the web...

Wear Enhancement of Wheel-Rail Interaction by Ultrasonic Nanocrystalline Surface Modification Technique.

PubMed

Chang, Seky; Pyun, Young-Sik; Amanov, Auezhan

2017-02-16

In this study, an ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique was applied to normal and heat-treated rails made of 60 kgK steel to enhance the wear resistance of the wheel-rail interaction. The hardness and compressive residual stress values of the untreated and UNSM-treated rails were measured by the Brinell hardness tester and X-ray diffraction technique, respectively. It was found, according to the measurement results, that the hardness was increased by about 20% and 8%, whereas the compressive residual stress was induced by about 52% and 62% for the UNSM-treated normal and heat-treated rails, respectively. The UNSM-treated normal rail showed a slightly higher hardness than the heat-treated rail. The wear resistance of rails with respect to rotating speed and rolling time was assessed using a rolling contact wear (RCW) tester under dry conditions. The RCW test results revealed that the wear of the UNSM-treated rails was enhanced in comparison with those of the untreated rails. Also, the wear amount of the rails was increased with increasing the rotation speed. The UNSM-treated normal rail exhibited the highest wear resistance with respect to the rotation speed. The wear mechanisms of the rails are also discussed based on microscopic images of the worn out surfaces.

Wear Enhancement of Wheel-Rail Interaction by Ultrasonic Nanocrystalline Surface Modification Technique

PubMed Central

Chang, Seky; Pyun, Young-Sik; Amanov, Auezhan

2017-01-01

In this study, an ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique was applied to normal and heat-treated rails made of 60 kgK steel to enhance the wear resistance of the wheel-rail interaction. The hardness and compressive residual stress values of the untreated and UNSM-treated rails were measured by the Brinell hardness tester and X-ray diffraction technique, respectively. It was found, according to the measurement results, that the hardness was increased by about 20% and 8%, whereas the compressive residual stress was induced by about 52% and 62% for the UNSM-treated normal and heat-treated rails, respectively. The UNSM-treated normal rail showed a slightly higher hardness than the heat-treated rail. The wear resistance of rails with respect to rotating speed and rolling time was assessed using a rolling contact wear (RCW) tester under dry conditions. The RCW test results revealed that the wear of the UNSM-treated rails was enhanced in comparison with those of the untreated rails. Also, the wear amount of the rails was increased with increasing the rotation speed. The UNSM-treated normal rail exhibited the highest wear resistance with respect to the rotation speed. The wear mechanisms of the rails are also discussed based on microscopic images of the worn out surfaces. PMID:28772549

Transportation, social and financial impacts of light and commuter rail.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

While transportation impacts are often masked by heavy growth in corridor traffic and latent travel demand, : modeling enables measuring the real transportation impacts of rail projects. Rail transit is both safe and : environmentally friendly. Rail ...

77 FR 64249 - Track Safety Standards; Improving Rail Integrity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... specific problems. This is a result of high traffic volumes that load the rail and accelerate defect growth... influenced by tonnage. Rapid growth rates can also be associated with rail where high-tensile residual stresses are present in the railhead and in CWR in lower temperature ranges where the rail is in high...

49 CFR 1580.201 - Rail security coordinator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... system that is not operating on track that is part of the general railroad system of transportation... SECURITY Passenger Rail Including Passenger Railroad Carriers, Rail Transit Systems, Tourist, Scenic.... This section applies to: (1) Each passenger railroad carrier, including each carrier operating light...

Method for Predicting Thermal Buckling in Rails

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-01-01

A method is proposed herein for predicting the onset of thermal buckling in rails in such a way as to provide a means of avoiding this type of potentially devastating failure. The method consists of the development of a thermomechanical model of rail...

49 CFR 213.119 - Continuous welded rail (CWR); plan contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... following items: (i) Loose, bent, or missing joint bolts; (ii) Rail end batter or mismatch that contributes... amount and length of rail end batter or ramp on each rail end; the amount of tread mismatch; the vertical...

49 CFR 213.119 - Continuous welded rail (CWR); plan contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... following items: (i) Loose, bent, or missing joint bolts; (ii) Rail end batter or mismatch that contributes... amount and length of rail end batter or ramp on each rail end; the amount of tread mismatch; the vertical...

Another look at the question of density and rail transit.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Long community discussions about rail often include whether a citys spatial distribution of : housing, employment and other trip generators is conducive to supporting rail transit. A citys : decision to construct rail transit is based on an arr...

Track dynamic behavior at rail welds at high speed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Guangwen; Xiao, Xinbiao; Guo, Jun; Wen, Zefeng; Jin, Xuesong

2010-06-01

As a vehicle passing through a track with different weld irregularities, the dynamic performance of track components is investigated in detail by using a coupled vehicle-track model. In the model, the vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 35 degrees of freedom, and a Timoshenko beam is used to model the rails which are discretely supported by sleepers. In the track model, the sleepers are modeled as rigid bodies accounting for their vertical, lateral and rolling motions and assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. In the study of the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, the Hertizian contact theory and the theory proposed by Shen-Hedrick-Elkins are, respectively, used to calculate normal and creep forces between the wheel and the rails. In the calculation of the normal forces, the coefficient of the normal contact stiffness is determined by transient contact condition of the wheel and rail surface. In the calculation of the creepages, the lateral, roll-over motions of the rail and the fact that the relative velocity between the wheel and rail in their common normal direction is equal to zero are simultaneously taken into account. The motion equations of the vehicle and track are solved by means of an explicit integration method, in which the rail weld irregularities are modeled as local track vertical deviations described by some ideal cosine functions. The effects of the train speed, the axle load, the wavelength and depth of the irregularities, and the weld center position in a sleeper span on the wheel-rail impact loading are analyzed. The numerical results obtained are greatly useful in the tolerance design of welded rail profile irregularity caused by hand-grinding after rail welding and track maintenances.

49 CFR 213.121 - Rail joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... at each joint in Classes 2 through 5 track, and with at least one bolt in Class 1 track. (e) In the... continuous welded rail track prescribed in this part. (g) No rail shall have a bolt hole which is torch cut... 21, 1999. (h) No joint bar shall be reconfigured by torch cutting in Classes 3 through 5 track. ...

Cleveland-Columbus-Cincinnati high-speed rail study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-07-01

In the past five years, the evaluation of different high-speed rail (HSR) studies in the Midwest has resulted in a realization that high speed rail, with speeds greater than 110 miles per hour, is too expensive in the short term to be implemented in ...

Green's functions for analysis of dynamic response of wheel/rail to vertical excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazilu, Traian

2007-09-01

An analytical model to simulate wheel/rail interaction using the Green's functions method is proposed in this paper. The model consists of a moving wheel on a discretely supported rail. Particularly for this model of rail, the bending and the longitudinal displacement are coupled due to the rail pad and a complex model of the rail pad is adopted. An efficient method for solving a time-domain analysis for wheel/rail interaction is presented. The method is based on the properties of the rail's Green functions and starting to these functions, a track's Green matrix is assembled for the numerical simulations of wheel/rail response due to three kinds of vertical excitations: the steady-state interaction, the rail corrugation and the wheel flat. The study points to influence of the worn rail—rigid contact—on variation in the wheel/rail contact force. The concept of pinned-pinned inhibitive rail pad is also presented.

Field homogeneity improvement of maglev NdFeB magnetic rails from joints.

PubMed

Li, Y J; Dai, Q; Deng, C Y; Sun, R X; Zheng, J; Chen, Z; Sun, Y; Wang, H; Yuan, Z D; Fang, C; Deng, Z G

2016-01-01

An ideal magnetic rail should provide a homogeneous magnetic field along the longitudinal direction to guarantee the reliable friction-free operation of high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicles. But in reality, magnetic field inhomogeneity may occur due to lots of reasons; the joint gap is the most direct one. Joint gaps inevitably exist between adjacent segments and influence the longitudinal magnetic field homogeneity above the rail since any magnetic rails are consisting of many permanent magnet segments. To improve the running performance of maglev systems, two new rail joints are proposed based on the normal rail joint, which are named as mitered rail joint and overlapped rail joint. It is found that the overlapped rail joint has a better effect to provide a competitive homogeneous magnetic field. And the further structure optimization has been done to ensure maglev vehicle operation as stable as possible when passing through those joint gaps. The results show that the overlapped rail joint with optimal parameters can significantly reduce the magnetic field inhomogeneity comparing with the other two rail joints. In addition, an appropriate gap was suggested when balancing the thermal expansion of magnets and homogenous magnetic field, which is considered valuable references for the future design of the magnetic rails.

The electric rail gun for space propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, D. P.; Barber, J. P.; Vahlberg, C. J.

1981-01-01

An analytic feasibility investigation of an electric propulsion concept for space application is described. In this concept, quasistatic thrust due to inertial reaction to repetitively accelerated pellets by an electric rail gun is used to propel a spacecraft. The study encompasses the major subsystems required in an electric rail gun propulsion system. The mass, performance, and configuration of each subsystem are described. Based on an analytic model of the system mass and performance, the electric rail gun mission performance as a reusable orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) is analyzed and compared to a 30 cm ion thruster system (BIMOD) and a chemical propulsion system (IUS) for payloads with masses of 1150 kg and 2300 kg. For system power levels in the range from 25 kW(e) to 100 kW(e) an electric rail gun OTV is more attractive than a BIMOD system for low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit transfer durations in the range from 20 to 120 days.

77 FR 68722 - National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory Reporting Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

...-0007, Notice No. 2] RIN 2130-AC26 National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory Reporting Requirements... Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory Reporting Requirements... National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory (Crossing Inventory). This notice announces the scheduling of the...

Wetting a rail tanker behind a noise shield.

PubMed

Rosmuller, Nils

2009-05-30

In the Netherlands, the Betuweline is a dedicated freight railway. It will, among other things, be used for transportation of all kinds of hazardous materials from the Port of Rotterdam to the German Hinterland and vice versa. The line is approximately 150 km long. Alongside the line, over more than 100 km noise shields are apparent. The question is to what extent this noise shield hinders the cooling of a rail tanker, carrying flammable liquid such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)? To answer this question, a full scale test was conducted on an already constructed part of the Betuweline [N. Rosmuller, D.W.G. Arentsen, (2005). Praktijkproeven Betuweroute: Instantane uitstroming en koeling 24 juni 2005, Nibra, Arnhem, The Netherlands]. Two railcars and a rail tanker were placed behind a 3m high noise shield. First, it was tested as to whether firemen or water canons should be used to deliver the water. Water canons were best next, four positions of the water canons to wet the rail tanker were tested. Three camera's and three observers recorded the locations and the extent of water that hit the rail tanker. The results indicate that the noise shield, to a large extent, prevents the water from hitting, and therefore cooling, the rail tanker. The upper parts of the rail tanker were minimally struck by the water canons and the small amount of water flowing down the rail tanker did not reach the lower parts of it because of the armatures at the rail tanker. Also, the amount of water in the ditches to be used for wetting was too small. The ditch nearby ran empty. These insights are both relevant to emergency responders for disaster abatement purposes and to water management organizations. The Ministry of Transport is examining the possible strategies to deal with these findings. The results are based upon one single full scale test near a 3m high noise shield. In addition, it would be valuable to determine what the influence would be of other heights of the noise shields.

Investigation into the vibration of metro bogies induced by rail corrugation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ling, Liang; Li, Wei; Foo, Elbert; Wu, Lei; Wen, Zefeng; Jin, Xuesong

2017-01-01

The current research of rail corrugation mainly focuses on the mechanisms of its formation and development. Compared with the root causes and development mechanisms, the wheel-rail impacts, the fatigue failure of vehicle-track parts, and the loss of ride comfort due to rail corrugation should also be taken into account. However, the influences of rail corrugation on vehicle and track vibration, and failure of vehicle and track structural parts are barely discussed in the literature. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the structural vibration of metro bogies caused by rail corrugation. Extensive experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of short-pitch rail corrugation on the vibration accelerations of metro bogies. A dynamic model of a metro vehicle coupled with a concrete track is established to study the influence of rail corrugation on the structural vibration of metro bogies. The field test results indicate that the short-pitch rail corrugation generates strong vibrations on the axle-boxes and the bogie frames, therefore, accelerates the fatigue failure of the bogie components. The numerical results show that short-pitch rail corrugation may largely reduce the fatigue life of the coil spring, and improving the damping value of the primary vertical dampers is likely to reduce the strong vibration induced by short-pitch rail corrugation. This research systematically studies the effect of rail corrugation on the vibration of metro bogies and proposes some remedies for mitigating strong vibrations of metro bogies and reducing the incidence of failure in primary coil springs, which would be helpful in developing new metro bogies and track maintenance procedures.

77 FR 12182 - Safety Standard for Portable Bed Rails: Final Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-29

... of ASTM F2085- 10a, comply with the following: (i) 1.4.1 Foam and inflatable bed rails need meet only...--portable bed rail constructed primarily of nonrigid materials such as fabric or foam. 3.1.11 inflatable bed..., inflatable bed rail, are terms that are now incorporated as non-rigid bed rail under new section 3.1.12 in...

Simulations of roughness initiation and growth on railway rails

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, X.; Thompson, D. J.; Jones, C. J. C.; Xie, G.; Iwnicki, S. D.; Allen, P.; Hsu, S. S.

2006-06-01

A model for the prediction of the initiation and growth of roughness on the rail is presented. The vertical interaction between a train and the track is calculated as a time history for single or multiple wheels moving on periodically supported rails, using a wavenumber-based approach. This vertical dynamic wheel/rail force arises from the varying stiffness due to discrete supports (i.e. parametric excitation) and the roughness excitation on the railhead. The tangential contact problem between the wheel and rail is modelled using an unsteady two-dimensional approach and also using the three-dimensional contact model, FASTSIM. This enables the slip and stick regions in the contact patch to be identified from the input geometry and creepage between the wheel and rail. The long-term wear growth is then predicted by applying repeated passages of the vehicle wheelsets, as part of an iterative solution.

Prototype Rail Crossing Violation Warning Application Project Report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-05

This report is the Project Report for the Rail Crossing Violation Warning (RCVW) safety application developed for the project on Rail Crossing Violation Warning Application and Infrastructure Connection, providing a means for equipped connected vehic...

77 FR 17121 - Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

... decision may be purchased by contacting the Office of Public Assistance, Governmental Affairs, and...)] Quarterly Rail Cost Adjustment Factor AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, Department of Transportation. ACTION: Approval of rail cost adjustment factor. [[Page 17122

49 CFR 212.233 - Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector... Inspection Personnel § 212.233 Apprentice highway-rail grade crossing inspector. (a) An apprentice highway... Administrator for Safety leading to qualification as a highway-rail grade crossing inspector. The apprentice...