Brown at aft flight deck control during SPARTAN capture

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-03

STS095-E-5134 (3 Nov. 1998) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, STS-95 commander, on Discovery's aft flight deck during operations to retrieve the free-flying Spartan 201-05 satellite. The photograph was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 3:17:38 GMT, Nov. 3.

Commander Truly on aft flight deck holding communication kit assembly (ASSY)

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-09-05

STS008-04-106 (30 Aug-5 Sept 1983) --- On aft flight deck, Richard M. Truly, STS-8 commander, holds communication kit assembly (ASSY) headset (HDST) interface unit (HIU) and mini-HDST in front of the on orbit station. Hasselblad camera is positioned on overhead window W8.

Horowitz at the aft flight deck during rendezvous ops

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-12

STS105-E-5061 (12 August 2001) --- Astronaut Scott J. Horowitz, STS-105 mission commander, looks over a checklist on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery during rendezvous operations with the International Space Station (ISS). The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

Crewmember in the aft flight deck.

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-11-01

STS052-24-014 (22 Oct-1 Nov 1992) --- Canadian payload specialist Steven G. MacLean tries out gymnastics in the weightlessness of space on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. MacLean, along with five NASA astronauts, spent ten days aboard Columbia for the STS-52 mission.

STS-46 ESA MS Nicollier and PLC Hoffman pose on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-46 European Space Agency (ESA) Mission Specialist (MS) Claude Nicollier (left) and MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Jeffrey A. Hoffman pose in front of the onorbit station controls on the aft flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. The overhead windows W7 and W8 appear above their heads and the aft flight deck viewing windows W9 and W10 behind them. Hoffman and Nicollier have been training together for a dozen years at JSC. Hoffman was an astronaut candidate in 1978 and Nicollier accompanied a group of trainees in 1980. Note the partially devoured chocolate Space Shuttle floating near the two.

Commander Brand and Pilot Overmyer operate controls on forward flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

On forward flight deck, Commander Brand and Pilot Overmyer operate controls from commanders and pilots seats. Overall view taken from the aft flight deck looking forward shows both astronauts reviewing procedures and checking CRT screen data.

Crewmembers in the aft flight deck.

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-12-09

STS053-01-034 (2-9 Dec 1992) --- From the Space Shuttle Discovery's aft flight deck, astronaut Guion S. Bluford, mission specialist, uses a handheld 70mm Hasselblad to photograph a point on Earth. Bluford was joined by four other NASA astronauts for the eight-day mission in Earth-orbit, dedicated to the Department of Defense (DOD).

Glen and Brown on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-10-31

STS095-E-5180 (31 Oct. 1998) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown Jr. (left), STS-95 commander, stands by on Discovery's aft flight deck as U.S. Sen. John H. Glenn Jr., payload specialist, talks with ground controllers in Houston. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 00:48:48 GMT, Oct. 31.

MS Reilly with laser range finder on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-14

STS104-E-5026 (14 July 2001) --- Positioned near a window on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, astronaut James F. Reilly, STS-104 mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device to hone in on the International Space Station (ISS) during pre-docking operations about 237 miles above Earth.

Commander Brand and Pilot Overmyer operate controls on forward flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

On forward flight deck, Commander Brand and Pilot Overmyer operate controls from commanders and pilots seats. Overall view taken from the aft flight deck looking forward shows Overmyer pointing to data on Panel 7 (F7) CRT 1 screen.

STS-26 Pilot Covey, wearing sleep mask, rests on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-10-03

STS026-09-021 (3 Oct 1988) --- Astronaut Richard O. Covey, STS-26 pilot, wearing sleep mask (blindfold) and a headset, props his feet under the pilots seat and rests his head and back on the aft flight deck on orbit station panels while he sleeps. At Covey's right are the mission station control panels.

Payload commander Voss on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-18

STS083-305-010 (4-8 April 1997) --- Astronaut Janice E. Voss, mission specialist, works with communications systems on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Voss, along with five other NASA astronauts and two payload specialist supporting the Microgravity Sciences Laboratory (MSL-1) mission, were less than a fourth of the way through a scheduled 16-day flight when a power problem cut short their planned stay.

Metcalf-Lindenburger on Discovery flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-04-06

S131-E-006107 (6 April 2010) --- NASA astronaut Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, STS-131 mission specialist, reads a checklist on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Discovery during flight day two activities.

MS Massimino on aft flight deck during EVA 5

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-09

STS109-E-5761 (9 March 2002) --- Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, STS-109 mission specialist, looks through an overhead window on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia during the crew’s final interface with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The telescope was released at 4:04 a.m. (CST). The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-36 Mission Specialist Hilmers with AEROLINHOF camera on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-03-03

STS-36 Mission Specialist (MS) David C. Hilmers points the large-format AEROLINHOF camera out overhead window W7 on the aft flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Hilmers records Earth imagery using the camera. Hilmers and four other astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard OV-104 for the Department of Defense (DOD) devoted mission.

STS-39 MS Veach monitors AFP-675 panel on OV-103's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-09-036 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- Astronaut Charles L. (Lacy) Veach monitors experiment data on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Discovery. The photograph was taken with a 35mm camera. Veach and six other NASA astronauts spent over eight days in space busily collecting data for this mission, dedicated to the Department of Defense.

STS-43 crewmembers perform various tasks on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-08-11

STS043-37-012 (2-11 Aug 1991) --- Three STS-43 astronauts are busy at work onboard the earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis. Astronaut Shannon W. Lucid is pictured performing one of several tests on Computer hardware with space station applications in mind. Sharing the aft flight deck with Lucid are Michael A. Baker (left), pilot and John E. Blaha, mission commander.

General view of the aft Flight Deck looking at the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the aft Flight Deck looking at the mission specialist seats directly behind and to the side of the commander and pilot's seats. These seats are removed, packed and stowed during on-orbit activities. This image was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

MS Hadfield aims a laser range finder through a window on the aft flight deck of Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-21

S100-E-5141 (21 April 2001) --- Astronaut Chris A. Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) uses a laser ranging device to keep up with the precise location of the International Space Station (ISS) from his post on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-116 crew at orbiter aft flight deck window during EVA 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-14

ISS014-E-09804 (14 Dec. 2006) --- From the aft flight deck on Space Shuttle Discovery, astronauts William A. (Bill) Oefelein (left), STS-116 pilot; Nicholas J. M. Patrick, mission specialist; and Mark L. Polansky, commander, look through an overhead window toward their spacewalking crewmembers, who captured the image during the mission's second of three planned sessions of extravehicular activity (EVA).

STS-27 Atlantis - OV-104, Commander Gibson on SMS forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-02-03

STS-27 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, Commander Robert L. Gibson, wearing flight coveralls and communications kit assembly, sits at commanders station controls on JSC shuttle mission simulator (SMS) forward flight deck during training session. Gibson looks at crewmember on aft flight deck. SMS is located in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

34. PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL STATION AFT LOOKING FORWARD ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL STATION - AFT LOOKING FORWARD ON PORT SIDE SHOWING FLIGHT DECK LIGHTING BOARD, ARRESTING GEAR CONTROL CONSOLE AND FRESNEL LENS OPTICAL LANDING SYSTEM. - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

STS-81 pilot Jett on aft flight deck during approach to Mir

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-26

STS081-368-011 (12-22 Jan. 1997) --- Astronaut Brent W. Jett, Jr., STS-81 pilot, appears restful and unfazed as Russia's Mir Space Station appears in the window over his shoulder on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck. Following docking of Mir and Atlantis, Jett and his crew mates went on to spend several days sharing experiments and supply-transfer with the Mir-22 crewmembers.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, MS Brown uses ARRIFLEX camera on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-17-033 (August 1989) --- Astronaut Mark N. Brown, STS-28 mission specialist, pauses from a session of motion-picture photography conducted through one of the aft windows on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. He is using an Arriflex camera. The horizon of the blue and white appearing Earth and its airglow are visible in the background.

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Mukai on OV-102's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai freefloats on Columbia's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102's, aft flight deck in front of overhead windows W7 and W8 while holding a cassette case with bean sprouts in her left hand. Mukai, a physician, represented Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) on the two week mission in support of the International Microgravity Laboratory 2 (IML-2).

STS-30 aft flight deck onboard view of overhead window, Earth limb, cow photo

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-08

STS030-10-008 (4-8 May 1989) --- Since the beginning manned space travel, astronauts have taken with them items of personal sentiment. In case of Mark C. Lee, STS-30 mission specialist, a picture of a cow testifies to his background as one reared on a Wisconsin farm. The scene, through a flight deck aft window, also shows Earth some 160 nautical miles away.

Crewmember activity in the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-29

STS085-358-005 (7 - 19 August 1997) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., mission commander, floats on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery. The horizon of Earth is visible through the aft flight deck windows. On Brown's left wrist is a band associated with a Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO). Two beverage packets are just beyond the commander's left shoulder.

Pilot Fullerton sleeps on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-22-113 (24 March 1982) --- Astronaut Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, wearing communication kit assembly mini-headset (HDST), sleeps on aft flight deck resting his back against the floor and his feet against commander's ejection seat (S1) back. On-orbit station control panel A8 and payload station panel L15 appear above Fullerton. Special clips for holding notebooks open and beverage containers are velcroed on various panels. Photo credit: NASA

STS-46 Commander Shriver eats candy (M and Ms) on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-46 Commander Loren J. Shriver, wearing a communications kit assembly headset and with his mouth open, pursues several floating chocolate-covered peanut candies (M and Ms) on the aft flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Shriver is positioned in front of overhead window W7. Outside the window the cloud-covered surface of the Earth and the Earth's limb are visible.

Activity on the flight deck during EVA on Flight Day 7

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-17

S82-E-5616 (17 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Steven A. Hawley, STS-82 mission specialist, controls the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck. This view was taken with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

STS-109 MS Linnehan on aft flight deck with laser rangefinder

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-03

STS109-346-011 (3 March 2002) --- Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan, STS-109 mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device designed to measure the range between two spacecraft. Linnehan positioned himself on the cabin's aft flight deck as the Space Shuttle Columbia approached the Hubble Space Telescope. A short time later, the STS-109 crew captured and latched down the giant telescope in the vehicle's cargo bay for several days of work on the Hubble.

MS Linnehan watches EVA 2 from aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-05

STS109-E-5621 (5 March 2002) --- Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan, mission specialist, monitors the STS-109 mission's second space walk from the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Astronauts James H. Newman and Michael J. Massimino were working on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), temporarily captured in the shuttle's cargo bay. Linnehan had participated in the mission's first space walk on the previous day. This image was recorded with a digital still camera.

Astronaut Apt takes photos of the Earth from the aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-28

STS079-341-036 (16-26 Sept. 1996) --- Following the space shuttle Atlantis' separation from the Russian Mir Space Station, astronaut Jerome (Jay) Apt, mission specialist, eyeballs a photographic target on Earth prior to capturing it on film with a handheld 70mm camera from the aft flight deck. Scientists at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), who helped to plan the various target sites, will later analyze the film in their Houston laboratories.

The design and implementation of CRT displays in the TCV real-time simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leavitt, J. B.; Tariq, S. I.; Steinmetz, G. G.

1975-01-01

The design and application of computer graphics to the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) program were described. A Boeing 737-100 series aircraft was modified with a second flight deck and several computers installed in the passenger cabin. One of the elements in support of the TCV program is a sophisticated simulation system developed to duplicate the operation of the aft flight deck. This facility consists of an aft flight deck simulator, equipped with realistic flight instrumentation, a CDC 6600 computer, and an Adage graphics terminal; this terminal presents to the simulator pilot displays similar to those used on the aircraft with equivalent man-machine interactions. These two displays form the primary flight instrumentation for the pilot and are dynamic images depicting critical flight information. The graphics terminal is a high speed interactive refresh-type graphics system. To support the cockpit display, two remote CRT's were wired in parallel with two of the Adage scopes.

RMS upper boom framed by aft flight deck viewing window W10

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Remote Manipulator System (RMS) upper arm boom (tear in multilayer beta cloth) deployed during dynamic interaction test using Payload Flight Test Article (PFTA) is visible outside aft viewing window W10. RMS 'Canada' insignia or logo appears on boom.

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery looking from a low angle up and aft from approximately behind the commander's station. In the view you can see the overhead aft observation windows, the payload operations work area and in this view the payload bay observation windows have protective covers on them. This view was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

View of HST as it approaches Endeavour, taken from aft flight deck window

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-04

STS061-53-026 (4 Dec 1993) --- One of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck windows frames this view of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as it approaches the Endeavour. Backdropped against western Australia, the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm awaits the arrival of the telescope. Once berthed in Endeavour's cargo bay, HST underwent five days of servicing provided by four space walking crew members. Shark Bay (upper left) and Perth (lower left) are visible in the frame.

STS-109 MS Linnehan with laser range finder on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-02

STS109-E-5003 (3 March 2002) --- Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan, mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device designed to measure the range between two spacecraft. Linnehan positioned himself on the cabin's aft flight deck as the Space Shuttle Columbia approached the Hubble Space Telescope. A short time later, the STS-109 crew captured and latched down the giant telescope in the vehicle's cargo bay for several days of work on the Hubble. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-109 MS Linnehan with laser range finder on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-02

STS109-E-5002 (3 March 2002) --- Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan, mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device designed to measure the range between two spacecraft. Linnehan positioned himself on the cabin's aft flight deck as the Space Shuttle Columbia approached the Hubble Space Telescope. A short time later, the STS-109 crew captured and latched down the giant telescope in the vehicle's cargo bay for several days of work on the Hubble. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-30 aft flight deck onboard view of overhead window, Earth limb, cow photo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Since the beginning of manned space travel, astronauts have taken onboard with them items of person sentiment. During STS-30 onboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, Mission Specialist Mark C. Lee brought along a photograph of a cow. The photo testifies to his background as one reared on a Wisconsin farm and is displayed on aft flight deck alongside an overhead window. Outside the window, some 160 nautical miles away, is the cloud-covered Earth surface.

Astronaut Susan Helms on aft flight deck with RMS controls

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-12

STS064-05-028 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- On the space shuttle Discovery's aft flight deck, astronaut Susan J. Helms handles controls for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The robot arm operated by Helms, who remained inside the cabin, was used to support several tasks performed by the crew during the almost 11-day mission. Those tasks included the release and retrieval of the free-flying Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool For Astronomy 201 (SPARTAN 201), a six-hour spacewalk and the Shuttle Plume Impingement Flight Experiment (SPIFEX). Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-43 MS Adamson checks OCTW experiment on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-08-11

STS043-04-038 (2-11 Aug 1991) --- Astronaut James C. Adamson, STS-43 mission specialist, checks on an experiment on Atlantis? flight deck. Part of the experiment, Optical Communications Through the Shuttle Window (OCTW), can be seen mounted in upper right. The OCTW system consists of two modules, one inside the orbiter crew cabin (as pictured here) and one in the payload bay. The crew compartment version houses an optoelectronic transmitter/receiver pair for video and digital subsystems, test circuitry and interface circuitry. The payload bay module serves as a repeater station. During operation a signal is transmitted through the shuttle window to a bundle of optical fiber cables mounted in the payload bay near an aft window. The cables carry optical signals from the crew compartment equipment to the OCTW payload bay module. The signals are returned via optical fiber cable to the aft flight deck window, retransmitted through the window, and received by the crew compartment equipment.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, Pilot Richards at forward flight deck pilots station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Pilot Richard N. Richards, sitting at forward flight deck pilots station controls, looks back to aft flight deck during STS-28, a Department of Defense (DOD) dedicated mission. Control panels F7 and F8 and portable laptop computer propped on panel F4 appear in front of Richards. Behind him are the pilots seat seat back and head rest. A stuffed toy animal is positioned on C1 panel.

STS-48 Pilot Reightler on OV-103's aft flight deck poses for ESC photo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-48 Pilot Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr, positioned under overhead window W8, poses for an electronic still camera (ESC) photo on the aft flight deck of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Crewmembers were testing the ESC as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. The ESC is making its initial appearance on this Space Shuttle mission.

14. NBS REMOTE MANIPULATOR SIMULATOR (RMS) CONTROL ROOM. THE RMS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. NBS REMOTE MANIPULATOR SIMULATOR (RMS) CONTROL ROOM. THE RMS CONTROL PANEL IS IDENTICAL TO THE SHUTTLE ORBITER AFT FLIGHT DECK WITH ALL RMS SWITCHES AND CONTROL KNOBS FOR INVOKING ANY POSSIBLE FLIGHT OPERATIONAL MODE. THIS INCLUDES ALL COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONAL MODES, AS WELL AS FULL MANUAL MODE. THE MONITORS IN THE AFT FLIGHT DECK WINDOWS AND THE GLASSES THE OPERATOR WEARS PROVIDE A 3-D VIDEO PICTURE TO AID THE OPERATOR WITH DEPTH PERCEPTION WHILE OPERATING THE ARM. THIS IS REQUIRED BECAUSE THE RMS OPERATOR CANNOT VIEW RMS MOVEMENTS IN THE WATER WHILE AT THE CONTROL PANEL. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Facility, Rideout Road, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

STS-42 Payload Specialist Merbold with drink on OV-103's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-42 Payload Specialist Ulf D. Merbold, wearing a lightweight headset (HDST), experiments with a grapefruit drink and straw on the aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Merbold watches the liquid ball of grapefruit drink he created float in the weightlessness of space. The Los Angeles Dodger cap Merbold is wearing is part of a tribute to Manley L. (Sonny) Carter, originally assigned as a mission specialist on this flight. During the eight-day flight, the crewmembers each wore the cap on a designated day. Carter, a versatile athlete and avid Dodger fan, died in the crash of a commuter airline in 1991.

Evaluation of restraint system concepts for the Japanese Experiment Module flight demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sampaio, Carlos E.; Fleming, Terence F.; Stuart, Mark A.; Backemeyer, Lynn A.

1995-01-01

The current International Space Station configuration includes a Japanese Experiment Module which relies on a large manipulator and a smaller dexterous manipulator to operate outside the pressurized environment of the experiment module. The module's flight demonstration is a payload that will be mounted in the aft flight deck on STS-87 to evaluate a prototype of the dexterous manipulator. Since the payload operations entail two 8-hour scenarios on consecutive days, adequate operator restraint at the workstation will be critical to the perceived success or failure of the payload. Simulations in reduced gravity environment on the KC-135A were the only way to evaluate the restraint systems and workstation configuration. Two astronaut and two non-astronaut operators evaluated the Advanced Lower Body Extremities Restraint Test and a foot loop restraint system by performing representative tasks at the workstation in each of the two restraint systems; at the end of each flight they gave their impressions of each system and the workstation. Results indicated that access to the workstation switch panels was difficult and manipulation of the hand controllers forced operators too low for optimal viewing of the aft flight deck monitors. The workstation panel should be angled for better visibility, and infrequently used switches should be on the aft flight deck panel. Pitch angle and placement of the hand controllers should optimize the operator's eye position with respect to the monitors. The lower body restraint was preferred over the foot loops because it allowed operators to maintain a more relaxed posture during long-duration tasks, its height adjustability allowed better viewing of aft flight deck monitors, and it provided better restraint for reacting forces imparted on the operator at the workstation. The foot loops provide adequate restraint for the flight demonstration tasks identified. Since results will impact the design of the workstation, both restraints should be flown and used during operation of the flight demonstration payload to evaluate the effect of restraint during long-duration tasks.

Krikalev on the aft flight deck with laptop computers

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-10

S88-E-5107 (12-11-98) --- Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), surrounded by monitors and computers on the flight deck, holds a large camera lens. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 09:33:22 GMT, Dec. 11.

STS-44 Atlantis, OV-104, crewmembers participate in JSC FB-SMS training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-44 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, Commander Frederick D. Gregory and Pilot Terence T. Henricks are stationed at their appointed positions on the forward flight deck of the Fixed Base (FB) Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) in JSC's Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5. Gregory (left) in the commanders seat and Henricks (right) in the pilots seat look back toward aft flight deck and the photographer. Seat backs appear in the foreground and forward flight deck control panels in the background.

STS-54 Pilot McMonagle talks to radio station from OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-15

STS054-S-012 (15 Jan 1993) --- McMonagle talks to a radio station from the flight deck of Endeavour while, in the background, several crewmates await their turns to communicate with other stations. The scene was recorded at 13:54:14:13 GMT, Jan. 15, 1993.

STS-54 MS1 Runco talks to radio station from OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-15

STS054-S-014 (15 Jan 1993) --- Runco talks to a radio station from the flight deck of Endeavour while, in the background, several crewmates await their turns to communicate with other stations. The scene was recorded at 13:48:45:11 GMT, Jan. 15, 1993.

STS-54 Commander Casper talks to radio station from OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-15

STS054-S-015 (15 Jan 1993) --- Casper talks to a radio station from the flight deck of Endeavour while, in the background, Runco, left, and Harbaugh await their turns to communicate with other stations. The scene was recorded at 13:45:54:05 GMT, Jan. 15, 1993.

STS-54 MS2 Harbaugh talks to radio station from OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-15

STS054-S-013 (15 Jan 1993) --- Harbaugh talks to a radio station from the flight deck of Endeavour while, in the background, several crewmates await their turns to communicate with other stations. The scene was recorded at 13:57:20:20 GMT, Jan. 15, 1993.

STS-35 MS Hoffman operates ASTRO-1 MPC on OV-102's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-12-015 (2-11 Dec 1990) --- Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman, STS 35 mission specialist, uses a manual pointing controller (MPC) for the Astro-1 mission's Instrument Pointing System (IPS). By using the MPC, Hoffman and other crewmembers on Columbia's aft flight deck, were able to command the IPS, located in the cargo bay, to record astronomical data. Hoffman is serving the "Blue" shift which complemented the currently sleeping "Red" shift of crewmembers as the mission collected scientific data on a 24-hour basis. The scene was photographed with a 35mm camera.

STS-29 Discovery, OV-103, crew on flight deck prepares for reentry

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-03-18

STS029-24-004 (18 March 1989) --- STS-29 crewmembers, wearing launch and entry suits (LESs) and launch and entry helmets (LEHs), review checklists on Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, flight deck. Commander Michael L. Coats is seated at the forward flight deck commanders station with Mission Specialist (MS) James F. Buchli on aft flight deck strapped in mission specialist seat. OV-103 makes its return after five days in space. Note color in forward windows W1, W2, W3 caused by friction of entry through the Earth's atmosphere. Personal Egress Air Pack (PEAP) is visible on pilots seat back.

Cassidy holds laser range finder in aft FD during Joint Operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-28

S127-E-011291 (28 July 2009) --- Astronauts Tom Marshburn (left) and Christopher Cassidy, both STS-127 mission specialists, look through an overhead window on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day 14 activities. Cassidy is holding a handheld laser ranging device -- designed to measure the range between two spacecraft.

STS-32 photographic equipment (cameras,lenses,film magazines) on flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

STS-32 photographic equipment is displayed on the aft flight deck of Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. On the payload station are a dual camera mount with two handheld HASSELBLAD cameras, camera lenses, and film magazines. This array of equipment will be used to record onboard activities and observations of the Earth's surface.

MS Walheim poses with a Hasselblad camera on the flight deck of Atlantis during STS-110

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-08

STS110-E-5017 (8 April 2002) --- Astronaut Rex J. Walheim, STS-110 mission specialist, holds a camera on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. A blue and white Earth is visible through the overhead windows of the orbiter. The image was taken with a digital still camera.

Astronaut Daniel W. Bursch, mission specialist, pauses during a photography session on the aft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 ESC VIEW --- Astronaut Daniel W. Bursch, mission specialist, pauses during a photography session on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The scene was recorded with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

Endeavour, OV-105, forward flight deck controls during Rockwell manufacture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, forward flight deck controls are documented during manufacture, assembly, and checkout at North American Rockwell facilities Building 150, Palmdale, California. Overall view looks from aft flight deck forward showing displays and controls with panel F7 CRT screens lit and window shades in place on W2, W3, W4, W5. OV-105 is undergoing final touches prior to rollout and a scheduled flight for STS-49. View was included as part of Rockwell International (RI) Submittal No. 40 (STS 87-0342-40) with alternate number A901207 R-16/NAS9-17800.

STS-30 crewmembers train on JSC shuttle mission simulator (SMS) flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

Wearing headsets, Mission Specialist (MS) Mark C. Lee (left), MS Mary L. Cleave (center), and MS Norman E. Thagard pose on aft flight deck in JSC's fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS). In background, Commander David M. Walker and Pilot Ronald J. Grabe check data on forward flight deck CRT monitors. FB-SMS is located in JSC's Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5. Crewmembers are scheduled to fly aboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, in April 1989 for NASA mission STS-30.

STS-65 Pilot Halsell cleans window on the aft flight deck of Columbia, OV-102

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

On the aft flight deck of Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, STS-65 Pilot James D. Halsell, Jr cleans off overhead window W8. Mission Specialist (MS) Carl E. Walz looks on (photo's edge). A plastic toy dinosaur, velcroed in front of W9, also appears to be watching the housekeeping activity. A variety of onboard equipment including procedural checklists, a spotmeter, a handheld microphone, and charts are seen in the view. The two shared over fourteen days in Earth orbit with four other NASA astronauts and a Japanese payload specialist in support of the second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) mission.

STS-48 MS Brown on OV-103's aft flight deck poses for ESC photo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-48 Mission Specialist (MS) Mark N. Brown looks away from the portable laptop computer screen to pose for an Electronic Still Camera (ESC) photo on the aft flight deck of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Brown was working at the payload station before the interruption. Crewmembers were testing the ESC as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. The ESC is making its initial appearance on this Space Shuttle mission.

STS-48 Commander Creighton on OV-103's aft flight deck poses for ESC photo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-48 Commander John O. Creighton, positioned under overhead window W8, interrupts an out-the-window observation to display a pleasant countenance for an electronic still camera (ESC) photo on the aft flight deck of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Crewmembers were testing the ESC as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. The ESC is making its initial appearance on this Space Shuttle mission.

MS Currie at RMS controls on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-07

STS109-E-5685 (7 March 2002) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, works the controls for Columbia's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the crew cabin's aft flight deck. On a week with one lengthy space walk per day, Currie has had her hands full with RMS duties to support the space walks of four crewmates. Astronauts James H. Newman and Michael J. Massimino had just begin EVA-4, during which the duo required the services of Currie to control the robotic arm to maneuver them around the various workstations on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-109 MS Currie on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-04

STS109-E-5291 (1-12 March 2002) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, STS-109 mission specialist, works with Payload and General Support Computers (PGSC) on the mid deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia. The image was taken with digital still camera.

Pilot Fullerton reviews checklist on Aft Flight Deck Onorbit Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-31

S82-28906 (27 March 1982) --- Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, mans the right hand aft station of the flight deck on the Earth-orbiting Columbia. The photograph was taken with a 35mm camera by astronaut Jack R. Lousma, crew commander. The "Go Blue" sticker is a University of Michigan memento of Lousma, and the Air Force sign was put up by Fullerton, a USAF colonel. Lousma, a USMC colonel, received his BS degree in aeronautical engineering in 1959 from UM. One of two aft windows for cargo bay viewing and one of two ceiling windows are visible in the photo. Fullerton and Lousma watched the activity of the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm out the lower window and they took a number of photos of Earth from the upper window. Photo credit: NASA

OAST-Flyer is deployed by the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) as viewed from the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-14

STS072-320-014 (17 Jan. 1996) --- The end effect of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is about to grapple the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology's (OAST) -- Flyer satellite. The view was recorded with a 35mm camera aimed through one of Endeavour's overheard windows on the aft flight deck.

Caldwell in the aft FD of STS-118 Space Shuttle Endeavor

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-12

ISS015-E-22145 (12 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Tracy Caldwell, STS-118 mission specialist, looks over her shoulder for a photo while working the controls on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour while docked with the International Space Station.

STS-29 Commander Coats in JSC fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

STS-29 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Commander Michael L. Coats sits at commanders station forward flight deck controls in JSC fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS). Coats, wearing communications kit assembly headset and flight coveralls, looks away from forward control panels to aft flight deck. Pilots station seat back appears in foreground. FB-SMS is located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

STS-26 Commander Hauck in fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Commander Frederick H. Hauck, wearing comunications kit assembly headset and seated in the commanders seat on forward flight deck, looks over his shoulder toward the aft flight deck. A flight data file (FDF) notebook rests on his lap. The STS-26 crew is training in the fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

STS-27 crew poses for inflight portrait on forward flight deck with football

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

With WILSON NFL football freefloating in front of them, STS-27 astronauts pose on Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, forward flight deck for inflight crew portrait. Crewmembers, wearing blue mission t-shirts, are (left to right) Commander Robert L. Gibson, Mission Specialist (MS) Richard M. Mullane, MS Jerry L. Ross, MS William M. Shepherd, and Pilot Guy S. Gardner. Forward flight deck overhead control panels are visible above crewmembers, commanders and pilots seats in front of them, and forward windows behind them. An auto-set 35mm camera mounted on the aft flight deck was used to take this photo. The football was later presented to the National Football League (NFL) at halftime of the Super Bowl in Miami.

The telerobot workstation testbed for the shuttle aft flight deck: A project plan for integrating human factors into system design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sauerwein, Timothy

1989-01-01

The human factors design process in developing a shuttle orbiter aft flight deck workstation testbed is described. In developing an operator workstation to control various laboratory telerobots, strong elements of human factors engineering and ergonomics are integrated into the design process. The integration of human factors is performed by incorporating user feedback at key stages in the project life-cycle. An operator centered design approach helps insure the system users are working with the system designer in the design and operation of the system. The design methodology is presented along with the results of the design and the solutions regarding human factors design principles.

STS-31 crewmembers during simulation on the flight deck of JSC's FB-SMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

On the flight deck of JSC's fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS), Mission Specialist (MS) Steven A. Hawley (left), on aft flight deck, looks over the shoulders of Commander Loren J. Shriver, seated at the commanders station (left) and Pilot Charles F. Bolden, seated at the pilots station and partially blocked by the seat's headrest (right). The three astronauts recently named to the STS-31 mission aboard Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, go through a procedures checkout in the FB-SMS. The training simulation took place in JSC's Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

STS-46 aft flight deck payload station "Marsha's workstation" aboard OV-104

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-19

STS046-01-024 (31 July-8 Aug 1992) --- This area on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' flight deck forward port side was referred to as "Marsha's (Ivins) work station" by fellow crew members who good-naturedly kidded the mission specialist and who usually added various descriptive modifiers such as "messy" or "cluttered". Food, cameras, camera gear, cassettes, cable, flight text material and other paraphernalia can be seen in the area, just behind the commander's station.

STS 61-B crew portrait in-flight on the aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-11-26

61B-21-008 (26 Nov-1 Dec 1985) --- A fish-eye lens allows for the seven-member STS 61-B crew to be photographed on the flight deck of the earth-orbiting Atlantis. Left to right, back row, are astronauts Jerry L. Ross, Brewster Shaw Jr., Mary L. Cleave, and Bryan D. O'Connor; and payload specialist Rodolfo Neri. Front row, left to right, payload specialist Charles D. Walker and astronaut Sherwood C. Spring.

Payette uses computer in the aft FD on Space Shuttle Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-28

S127-E-011052 (28 July 2009) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Julie Payette, STS-127 mission specialist, uses a computer on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day 14 activities.

STS-134 MS Chamitoff reads a Procedures Checklist

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-05-30

S134-E-010904 (30 May 2011) --- NASA astronaut Greg Chamitoff, STS-134 mission specialist, reads a procedures checklist while working on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Endeavour during flight day 15 activities. Photo credit: NASA

Melvin and Love on FD during STS-122

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-08

S122-E-006213 (8 Feb. 2008) --- Astronauts Leland Melvin (left) and Stanley Love, both STS-122 mission specialists, take a moment for a photo on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Atlantis during flight day two activities.

Cassidy uses laser range finder in the aft FD during Joint Operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-28

S127-E-011166 (28 July 2009) --- Astronaut Christopher Cassidy, STS-127 mission specialist, uses a handheld laser ranging device -- designed to measure the range between two spacecraft -- through one of the overhead windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour after undocking from the International Space Station.

STS-46 Commander Shriver eats candy (M&Ms) on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-08-08

STS046-35-013 (31 July-8 Aug. 1992) --- Astronaut Loren J. Shriver, STS-46 commander, pursues several floating chocolate candies on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis as it makes one of its 127 total orbits for the eight-day mission. Shriver, wearing a headset for communications with ground controllers, joined four other NASA astronauts and two European scientists for the mission.

STS-36 Mission Specialist Mullane uses 70mm HASSELBLAD camera on flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

STS-36 Mission Specialist Richard M. Mullane points 70mm HASSELBLAD camera out overhead window W8 on the aft flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Mullane is recording Earth imagery with the camera. Mullane and four other astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard OV-104 for the Department of Defense (DOD) devoted mission. Note: Mullane is wearing a orange 'Tigers' t-shirt.

STS-36 crewmembers train in JSC's FB shuttle mission simulator (SMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

STS-36 Mission Specialist (MS) David C. Hilmers, seated on the aft flight deck, discusses procedures with Commander John O. Creighton (left) and Pilot John H. Casper during a simulation in JSC's Fixed Based (FB) Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS). Casper reviews a checklist at the pilots station on the forward flight deck. The crewmembers are rehearsing crew cabin activities for their upcoming Department of Defense (DOD) mission aboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104.

Currie on the aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-11-19

STS088-335-031 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, makes a notation in a log book on Endeavour's flight deck as astronaut Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist, eyes a control display near the commander's station. The two were joined by a Russian cosmonaut and three NASA astronauts for eleven days in Earth orbit, spending the majority of their time and efforts in support of important initial links to the International Space Station (ISS).

Currie at RMS controls on the aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-05

S88-E-5030 (12-05-98) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie gently mated the 12.8-ton Unity connecting module to Endeavour's docking system late afternoon of Dec. 5, successfully completing the first task in assembling the new International Space Station. Deftly manipulating the shuttle's 50-foot-long robot arm, Currie placed Unity just inches above the extended outer ring on Endeavour's docking mechanism, enabling astronaut Robert D. Cabana, mission commander, to fire downward maneuvering jets, locking the shuttle's docking system to one of two Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMA) attached to Unity. Turning her head to her right, Currie is using one of the TV monitors on the aft flight deck to assist in the precise maneuver. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 22:31:08 GMT, Dec. 5.

STS-56 crewmembers on aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 crewmembers pose on aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, for this in-cabin electronic still camera (ESC) photograph. Clockwise from the bottom right corner are Commander Kenneth Cameron, Mission Specialist 3 (MS3) Ellen Ochoa, MS2 Kenneth D. Cockrell, and Pilot Stephen S. Oswald. The crewmembers are positioned in front of the onorbit station. The image was recorder with the Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location-targeting and Environmental System (HERCULES). HERCULES is a device that makes it simple for Shuttle crewmembers to take pictures of Earth as they merely point and shoot any interesting feature, whose latitude and longitude are automatically determined in real time. In-cabin shots are for test purposes only.

Betsiboka River Valley, Madagascar

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-24

STS007-03-058 (18-24 June 1983) --- The Island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. The colorful area is the mouth of the Betsiboka River near the city of Majunga. The photograph was taken with a 70mm handheld camera aimed through the aft flight deck?s overhead windows on the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger.

Gorie looks at crew procedures in the aft FD during STS-123 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-03-13

S123-E-005634 (13 March 2008) --- NASA astronaut Dominic Gorie (right), STS-123 commander; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Takao Doi, mission specialist, are pictured on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day three activities.

STS-35 ASTRO-1 telescopes documented in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-604-058 (2-10 Dec 1990) --- The various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against the blue and white Earth in this scene photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photopolarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet in the foreground. The Broad Band X-ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind this pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the "Igloo," which is a pressurized container housing the Command and Data Management System, which interfaces with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The photograph was made with a handheld Rolleiflex camera aimed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows.

STS-56 Commander Cameron uses SAREX on OV-103's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 Commander Kenneth Cameron, wearing headset and headband equipped with penlight flashlight, uses the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment II (SAREX-II) on the aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Cameron, positioned just behind the pilots seat, talks to amateur radio operators on Earth via the SAREX equipment. SAREX cables and the interface module freefloat in front of the pilots seat. The SAREX scan converter (a white box) is seen just above Cameron's head attached to overhead panel O9. SAREX was established by NASA, the American Radio League/Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation and the JSC Amateur Radio Club to encourage public participation in the space program through a program to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducting short-wave radio transmissions between the Shuttle and ground-based radio operators at low-cost ground stations with amateur and digital techniques. As on several previous missions, SAREX was used on this flight as an educational opportunity

STS-37 Pilot Cameron and MS Godwin work on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-04-11

STS037-33-031 (5-11 April 1991) --- Astronauts Kenneth D. Cameron, STS-37 pilot, and Linda M. Godwin, mission specialist, take advantage of a well-lighted crew cabin to pose for an in-space portrait on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck. The two shared duties controlling the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) during operations involving the release of the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) and the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) of astronauts Jerry L. Ross and Jerome (Jay) Apt. The overhead window seen here and nearby eye-level windows (out of frame at left) are in a busy location on Shuttle missions, as they are used for payload surveys, Earth observation operations, astronomical studies and other purposes. Note the temporarily stowed large format still photo camera at lower right corner. This photo was made with a 35mm camera. This was one of the visuals used by the crew members during their April 19 Post Flight Press Conference (PFPC) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

Plans: Aft Gun Platform, Quarters for 16 Gunmen, Poop Deck, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Plans: Aft Gun Platform, Quarters for 16 Gunmen, Poop Deck, Boat Deck, House Top, Bridge Deck, Upper Bridge Deck, Navigating Bridge, Forecastle Deck, Gun Platform, Upper Deck, Second Deck and Hold Plan - Mission Santa Ynez, Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet, Benicia, Solano County, CA

Arnold on Discovery Flightdeck (FD)

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-16

S119-E-005010 (15 March 2009) --- Astronaut Richard Arnold, STS-119 mission specialist, attired in his shuttle launch and entry suit, gives a “thumbs-up” signal on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during postlaunch activities.

INFLIGHT (CREW ACTIVITY) - STS-41G

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-10-14

S84-43433 (11 Oct 1984) --- Photographed through aft flight deck windows, this 70mm frame shows Astronauts David C. Leestma, left, and Kathryn D. Sullivan at the orbital refueling system (ORS) in the aft cargo bay. A wrist camera on the remote manipulator system (RMS) is perched to record the historic extravehicular activity (EVA). Dr. Sullivan's part of the EVA represented the first such feat for an American woman.

STS-57 MS2 Sherlock operates RMS THC on OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-57 Mission Specialist 2 (MS2) Nancy J. Sherlock operates the remote manipulator system (RMS) translation hand control (THC) while observing extravehicular activity (EVA) outside viewing window W10 on the aft flight deck of Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105. Positioned at the onorbit station, Sherlock moved EVA astronauts in the payload bay (PLB). Payload Commander (PLC) G. David Low with his feet anchored to a special restraint device on the end of the RMS arm held MS3 Peter J.K. Wisoff during the RMS maneuvers. The activity represented an evaluation of techniques which might be used on planned future missions -- a 1993 servicing visit to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and later space station work -- which will require astronauts to frequently lift objects of similar sized bulk. Note: Just below Sherlock's left hand a 'GUMBY' toy watches the actvity.

STS-56 MS1 Foale and MS2 Cockrell on aft flight deck of Discovery, OV-103

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 Mission Specialist 1 (MS1) Michael Foale (left) and MS2 Kenneth D. Cockrell pose on aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, for this in-cabin electronic still camera (ESC) photograph. The two crewmembers are positioned in front of the onorbit station with a beam of sunlight shining through overhead window W8. The cable on the bottom right is part of the Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location-targeting and Environmental System (HERCULES), connecting the HERCULES Attitude Processor (HAP) to the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). In-cabin shots with the camera are for test purposes only. HERCULES is a device that makes it simple for Shuttle crewmembers to take pictures of Earth as they merely point and shoot any interesting feature, whose latitude and longitude are automatically determined in real time. Digital file name is ESC01008.TGA.

Currie at RMS controls on the aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-05

S88-E-5010 (12-05-98) --- Operating at a control panel on Endeavour's aft flight deck, astronaut Nancy J. Currie works with the robot arm prior to mating the 12.8-ton Unity connecting module to Endeavour's docking system. The mating took place on late afternoon of Dec. 5. A nearby monitor provides a view of the remote manipulator system's (RMS) movements in the cargo bay. The feat marked an important step in assembling the new International Space Station. Manipulating the shuttle's 50-foot-long robot arm, Currie placed Unity just inches above the extended outer ring on Endeavour's docking mechanism, enabling Robert D. Cabana, mission commander to fire downward maneuvering jets, locking the shuttle's docking system to one of two Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMA) attached to Unity. The mating occurred at 5:45 p.m. Central time, as Endeavour sailed over eastern China.

Noise from Aft Deck Exhaust Nozzles: Differences in Experimental Embodiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James

2014-01-01

Two embodiments of a rectangular nozzle on an aft deck are compared. In one embodiment the lower lip of the nozzle was extended with the sidewalls becoming triangles. In a second embodiment a rectangular nozzle was fitted with a surface that fit flush to the lower lip and extended outward from the sides of the nozzle, approximating a semi-infinite plane. For the purpose of scale-model testing, making the aft deck an integral part of the nozzle is possible for relatively short deck lengths, but a separate plate model is more flexible, accounts for the expanse of deck to the sides of the nozzle, and allows the nozzle to stand off from the deck. Both embodiments were tested and acoustic far-field results were compared. In both embodiments the extended deck introduces a new noise source, but the amplitude of the new source was dependent upon the span (cross-stream dimension) of the aft deck. The noise increased with deck length (streamwise dimension), and in the case of the beveled nozzle it increased with increasing aspect ratio. In previous studies of slot jets in wings it was noted that the increased noise from the extended aft deck appears as a dipole at the aft deck trailing edge, an acoustic source type with different dependence on velocity than jet mixing noise. The extraneous noise produced by the aft deck in the present studies also shows this behavior both in directivity and in velocity scaling.

STS-44 Atlantis, OV-104, crewmembers participate in FB-SMS training at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-44 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, Commander Frederick D. Gregory (left) and Pilot Terence T. Henricks (right), positioned at their appointed stations on the forward flight deck, are joined by Mission Specialist (MS) F. Story Musgrave (center). The crewmembers are participating in a flight simulation in the Fixed Base (FB) Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) located in JSC's Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5. Gregory in the commanders seat, Musgrave sitting on center console, and Henricks in the pilots seat look back toward the aft flight deck and the photographer. Seat backs appear in the foreground and forward control panels in the background.

Usachev uses a laser range finder during rendezvous ops

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-10

STS102-E-5085 (10 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev, STS-102 mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device on Discovery's aft flight deck during rendezvous operations. The photograph was recorded with a digital still camera.

Perrin peers through Endeavour's AFD window to view the Earth's limb during STS-111

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-14

STS111-318-030 (5-19 June 2002) --- Astronaut Philippe Perrin, STS-111 mission specialist representing CNES, the French Space Agency, looks out an aft flight deck window of the Space Shuttle Endeavour.

General view of the middeck looking aft and port. In ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the mid-deck looking aft and port. In this view you can clearly see the crew access hatch and the airlock hatch. The hose and ladder in the image are pieces of ground support equipment. The hose is part of the climate control apparatus used while orbiters are being processed. The ladder is used to access the inter-deck passage, leading to the flight deck, while the orbiter is in 1g (earth's gravity). A careful observer will notice a void in the wall near the base of the access ladder, this is the Waste Management Compartment with the Waste Management System, i.e. Space Potty, removed. This view was taken in the Orbiter Processing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Flight deck activity during flyaround of Mir Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-04-19

STS076-316-008 (23 March 1996) --- On the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, astronaut Linda M. Godwin uses a hand-held laser instrument to check the range of Russia's Mir Space Station during docking operations. The two spacecraft were in the process of making their third docking in Earth-orbit. With the subsequent delivery of astronaut Shannon W. Lucid to the Mir, the Mir-21 crew grew from two to three, as the mission specialist quickly becomes a cosmonaut guest researcher. Lucid will spend approximately 140 days on Mir before returning to Earth.

Various view with fish-eye lens of STS-103 crew on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-01-28

STS103-375-019 (19-27 December 1999) ---.Six members of the STS-103 crew are seen in this "fish-eye" lens scene taken on Discovery's flight deck during the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From left are astronauts Jean-Francois Clervoy, C. Michael Foale, Claude Nicollier, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., John M. Grunsfeld and Scott J. Kelly. Brown and Kelly are commander and pilot, respectively. All the others are mission specialists, with international MS Nicollier and Clervoy representing the European Space Agency (ESA). Astronaut Steven L. Smith, payload commander, took the photo.

MS Mastracchio uses the hand-held laser rangefinder during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-18

STS106-320-014 (10 September 2000) --- Astronaut Richard A. Mastracchio, mission specialist, uses a handheld laser device on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis to track the range of the International Space Station during rendezvous operations.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-01

Backdropped against water and clouds, the International Space Station was separated from the Space Shuttle Discovery after several days of joint activities and an important crew exchange. This photograph was taken by one of the crew of this mission from the aft flight deck of Discovery.

Various view with fish-eye lens of STS-103 crew on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-01-28

STS103-375-027 (19 - 27 December 1999).--- Astronaut Jean-Francois Clervoy, mission specialist representing the European Space Agency (ESA), controls Discovery's remote manipulator system (RMS) robot arm during operations.with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

Earth Observations taken by the STS-135 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-09

S135-E-006400 (9 July 2011) --- A window on space shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck frames this scene featuring the Atlantic Ocean/Tropic of Cancer area south of Florida, including some of the 2700 islands that constitute the Bahamas. Photo credit: NASA

STS-26 Discovery, OV-103, onboard view of the Earth sunrise

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-10-03

Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, vertical stabilizer and orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods are backdropped against the contrasted blackness of space illuminated by a colorful Earth / sunrise panorama. View was taken through the aft flight deck viewing windows during STS-26.

STS-109 MS Massimino and Grunsfeld on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-02

STS109-E-5008 (3 March 2002) --- On the mid deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia, astronauts John M. Grunsfeld (foreground), payload commander, and Michael J. Massimino, mission specialist, go over a checklist concerning the next few days' scheduled space walks. Massimino's extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, which will be called into duty for the second day of extravehicular activity (EVA), is in the background. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-67 in-flight crew portrait

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-03-03

The STS-67/ASTRO-2 crew members pose for their traditional inflight portrait on the aft flight deck of the Earth orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour. Left to right in the front are astronauts Tamara E. Jernigan, payload commander; Steven S. Oswald, mission commander; and William G. Gregory, pilot. Left to right on the back row are astronaut Wendy B. Lawrence, flight engineer; payload specialists Ronald A. Parise and Samuel T. Durrance; and John M. Grunsfeld, mission specialist.

Vertical Stabilizer and OMS pods from the aft FD window during STS-123 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-03-11

S123-E-005073 (11 Mar. 2008) --- This view out the aft windows on Endeavour's flight deck was one of a series of images recorded by the STS-123 crewmembers during their first full day in space. The end of the Canadian-built remote manipulator system's robot arm (right edge) along with the shuttle's vertical stabilizer and its two orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods are visible. A heavily cloud-covered area of Earth fills the top half of the frame.

STS-115 Crewmembers prepare for their return home on the Shuttle Atlantis

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-09-17

ISS013-E-82298 (17 Sept. 2006) --- Astronauts Christopher J. Ferguson (left), STS-115 pilot; Joseph R. Tanner and Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper, both mission specialists, make preparations for their return home on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

Timeline analysis program (TLA-1), appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, K. H.

1976-01-01

Appendices for the Timeline Analysis Program (TLA-1) were given. The appendices contain the Atlanta terminal area scenarios, the task catalog and the control and display configurations for the forward and aft flight decks of the NASA 515 aircraft, and the event/procedure, phase, mission, and subsystem catalogs.

A view of the Columbia's OMS engine pods during a burn

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-11-18

STS093-347-031 (22-27 July 1999) --- Black space forms the backdrop for this scene of the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engine pods during a thruster burn photographed by one of the astronauts on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia.

STS-65 Commander Cabana with SAREX-II on Columbia's, OV-102's, flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

STS-65 Commander Robert D. Cabana is seen on the Space Shuttle Columbia's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102's, aft flight deck with the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment II (SAREX-II) (configuration C). Cabana is equipped with the SAREX-II headset and holds a cable leading to the 2-h window antenna mounted in forward flight deck window W1 (partially blocked by the seat headrest). SAREX was established by NASA, the American Radio League/Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation and the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Amateur Radio Club to encourage public participation in the space program through a project to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducting short-wave radio transmissions between the Shuttle and ground-based radio operators at low-cost ground stations with amateur and digital techniques. As on several previous missions, SAREX was used on this flight as an educational opportunity for students around the world to learn about space firsthand by speaking directly to astronauts aboard the shuttle.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-01

One of the astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery took this photograph, from the aft flight deck of the Discovery, of the International Space Station (ISS) in orbit. The photo was taken after separation of the orbiter Discovery from the ISS after several days of joint activities and an important crew exchange.

STS-27 MS Mullane on aft flight deck with camera equipment

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-12-06

STS027-10-021 (2-6 Dec. 1988) --- Astronaut Richard M. (Mike) Mullane, STS-27 mission specialist, is able to handle a number of cameras with the aid of the microgravity in the shirt sleeve environment of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis. Photo credit: NASA

Melvin on FD during Expedition 16/STS-122 Joint Operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-10

S122-E-007587 (10 Feb. 2008) --- Astronaut Leland Melvin, STS-122 mission specialist, witnesses microgravity in action on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Atlantis while docked with the International Space Station. A package of food, scissors and a spoon float freely near Melvin.

Gorie and Doi look over crew procedures on aft FD of Space Shuttle Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-03-13

S123-E-006512 (13 March 2008) --- NASA astronaut Dominic Gorie (right), STS-123 commander, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Takao Doi, mission specialist, look over checklists on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour while docked with the International Space Station.

6. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR GALLEY STOVE CHIMNEY. DECKHOUSES ARE (FORE TO AFT) GALLEY COMPANIONWAY, ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT, PILOTS' CABIN SKYLIGHT, AFT COMPANIONWAY TO PILOTS' CABIN AND STEERING GEAR BOX - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

Kopra and Payette in the aft FD during docking activities of Space Shuttle Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

S127-E-006646 (17 July 2009) --- Astronaut Tim Kopra, who will soon be transforming from an STS-127 mission specialist to an Expedition 20 flight engineer, is pictured on Endeavour's flight deck. The shuttle had not yet docked with International Space Station when this photo was made. Canadian Space Agency astronaut Julie Payette, mission specialist, can be seen at the pilot's station at right.

33. View aft of main deck, port side, taken from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. View aft of main deck, port side, taken from just aft of forecastle bulkhead showing foremast, fore shrouds, pig house, midship house and boat skids. - Ship BALCLUTHA, 2905 Hyde Street Pier, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Brown at aft controls during PAMS STU deploy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-05-22

S77-E-5066 (22 May 1996) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, is seen on the starboard side of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck just prior to the deployment of the Satellite Test Unit (STU), part of the Passive Aerodynamically Stabilized Magnetically Damped Satellite (PAMS). Brown's image was captured with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC). Minutes later the camera was being used to document the deployment of PAMS-STU. The six-member crew will continue operations (tracking, rendezvousing and station-keeping) with PAMS-STU periodically throughout the remainder of the mission.

STS-52 PS MacLean, backup PS Tryggvason, and PI pose on JSC's CCT flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-52 Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, Canadian Payload Specialist (PS) Steven G. MacLean (left) and backup Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason (right) take a break from a camera training session in JSC's Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT). The two Canadian Space Agency (CSA) representatives pose on the CCT's aft flight deck with Canadian scientist David Zimick, the principal investigator (PI) for the materials experiment in low earth orbit (MELEO). MELEO is a component of the CANEX-2 experiment package, manifest to fly on the scheduled October 1992 STS-52 mission. The CCT is part of the shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory (MAIL) Bldg 9NE.

Payload specialist Ronald Parise checks on ASTRO-2 payload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Payload specialist Ronald A. Parise, a senior scientist in the Space Observatories Department of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), checks on the ASTRO-2 payload (out of frame in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Endeavour). Parise is on the aft flight deck of the Earth orbiting Endeavour during STS-67.

STS-8 crewmembers during shuttle mission simulation training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Astronauts Guion S. Bluford, right, and Daniel C. Brandenstein man their respective Challenger entry and ascent stations in the Shutle Mission Simulator (SMS) at JSC. Brandenstein is in the pilot's station, while Bluford, a mission specialist, occupies one of the two aft flight deck seats. Both are wearing civilian clothes for this training exercise.

Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev uses SAREX gear to talk to school children

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

On the Space Shuttle Discovery's aft flight deck, Russian Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev prepares for one chore while performing another. Using the Shuttle amateur raio experiment (SAREX) gear, the mission specialist was talking with students in Maine. He holds a camcorder, which was later called into action to record inflight activities.

Nowak reads a checklist during OBSS berthing operations on STS-121

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-05

S121-E-05401 (5 July 2006) --- Astronaut Lisa M. Nowak, STS-121 mission specialist, uses a handy reference manual while stationed at the controls on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. She is preparing for the next day's activities which include docking with the International Space Station.

Nowak reads a checklist during OBSS berthing operations on STS-121

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-05

S121-E-05402 (5 July 2006) --- Astronaut Lisa M. Nowak, STS-121 mission specialist, uses a handy reference manual while stationed at the controls on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. She is preparing for the next day's activities which include docking with the International Space Station.

STS-79 crew watches from aft flight deck during undocking from Mir

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-03-26

STS079-S-097 (16-26 Sept. 1996) --- Left to right, Terrence W. (Terry) Wilcutt, pilot; Shannon W. Lucid, mission specialist; and William F. Readdy, mission commander, are pictured on the space shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck during undocking operations with Russia's Mir Space Station. Mir had served as both work and home for Lucid for over six months before greeting her American colleagues upon docking of Mir and Atlantis last week. Following her lengthy stay aboard Mir and several days on Atlantis, Lucid went on to spend 188 consecutive days in space before returning to Earth with the STS-79 crew. During the STS-79 mission, the crew used an IMAX camera to document activities aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis and the various Mir modules. A hand-held version of the 65mm camera system accompanied the STS-79 crew into space in Atlantis' crew cabin. NASA has flown IMAX camera systems on many Shuttle missions, including a special cargo bay camera's coverage of other recent Shuttle-Mir rendezvous and/or docking missions.

Orbiter fire rescue and crew escape training for EVA crew systems support

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-28

Photos of orbiter fire rescue and crew escape training for extravehicular activity (EVA) crew systems support conducted in Bldg 9A Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) and Fuel Fuselage Trainer (FFT) include views of CCT interior of middeck starboard fuselage showing middeck forward (MF) locker and COAS assembly filter, artiflex film and camcorder bag (26834); launch/entry suit (LES) helmet assembly, neckring and helmet hold-down assembly (26835-26836); middeck aft (MA) lockers (26837); area of middeck airlock and crew escape pole (26838); connectors of crew escape pole in the middeck (268390); three test subjects in LES in the flight deck (26840); emergency side hatch slide before inflated stowage (26841); area of below adjacent to floor panel MD23R (26842); a test subject in LES in the flight deck (26843); control board and also showing sign of "orbital maneuvering system (OMS) secure and OMS TK" (26844); test subject in the flight deck also showing chart of "ascent/abort summary" (26845).

"Night" scene of the STS-5 Columbia in orbit over the earth

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-11-17

S82-39796 (11-16 Nov. 1982) --- A ?night? scene of the STS-5 space shuttle Columbia in orbit over Earth?s glowing horizon was captured by an astronaut crew member aiming a 70mm handheld camera through the aft windows of the flight deck. The aft section of the cargo bay contains two closed protective shields for satellites which were deployed on the flight. The nearest ?cradle? or shield houses the Satellite Business System?s (SBS-3) spacecraft and is visible in this frame while the Telesta Canada ANIK C-3 shield is out of view. The vertical stabilizer, illuminated by the sun, is flanked by two orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods. Photo credit: NASA

Reflected view of the TDRS in the STS-6 Challengers payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-04-04

STS006-38-844 (4 April 1983) --- The stowed tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) and its inertial upper stage (IUS) are seen in duplicate in this 70mm frame taken by the STS-6 crew aboard the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Challenger on its first day in space. A reflection in the aft window of the flight deck resulted in the mirage effect of the “second” TDRS. The three canisters in the aft foreground contain experiments of participants in NASA’s STS getaway special (GAS) program. Onboard the second reusable shuttle for this five-day flight were astronauts Paul J. Weitz, Karol J. Bobko, Dr. F. Story Musgrave and Donald H. Peterson. Photo credit: NASA

46 CFR 45.127 - Position of structures, openings, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... quarter deck; (2) A superstructure deck or a trunk deck and forward of a point 1/4 L from the forward... deck aft of a point 1/4 L abaft the forward perpendicular; or (2) On a superstructure and trunk combination, that is H s or more n height, aft or a point 1/4 L abaft the forward perpendicular. ...

46 CFR 45.127 - Position of structures, openings, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... quarter deck; (2) A superstructure deck or a trunk deck and forward of a point 1/4 L from the forward... deck aft of a point 1/4 L abaft the forward perpendicular; or (2) On a superstructure and trunk combination, that is H s or more n height, aft or a point 1/4 L abaft the forward perpendicular. ...

30. View of main deck at bow (looking aft from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. View of main deck at bow (looking aft from samson post, upper deck removed), showing anchor windlass (left foreground), head (right foregound), and forward deckhouse; weather canopy overhead not an original or permanent feature - Schooner WAWONA, 1018 Valley Street, Seattle, King County, WA

7. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT. ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT IS AT EXTREME LEFT, FOLLOWED BY PILOTS' CABIN SKYLIGHT, AFT COMPANIONWAY AND STEERING GEAR BOX - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

STS-32 MS Dunbar trains in JSC Manipulator Development Facility (MDF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

STS-32 Mission Specialist (MS) Bonnie J. Dunbar reviews checklist with training personnel in the Manipulator Development Facility (MDF) in JSC's Mockup and Integration Facility (MAIL) Bldg 9A. Dunbar (left) discusses procedures with trainer in front of the aft flight deck onorbit station controls. Overhead window W8 is visible above their heads.

Thomas uses laser range finder during rendezvous ops

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-10

STS102-E-5064 (10 March 2001) --- Astronaut Andrew S.W. Thomas, STS-102 mission specialist, uses a laser ranging device on aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. This instrument is a regularly called-on tool during rendezvous operations with the International Space Station (ISS). The photograph was recorded with a digital still camera.

Atlantis OMS Pods and Vertical Stabilizer

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-09

S135-E-006375 (9 July 2011) --- Without the sun's being temporarily available to highlight space shuttle Atlantis' cargo bay and vertical stabilizer, the spacecraft barely shows through as a silhouette in this image photographed from the aft flight deck. The thin blue line of Earth?s atmosphere is the dominant feature in the photo. Photo credit: NASA

Endeavour Payload Bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-20

S130-E-012478 (20 Feb. 2010) --- Backdropped by Earth?s horizon and the blackness of space, a partial view of space shuttle Endeavour's payload bay, vertical stabilizer, orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods, Remote Manipulator System/Orbiter Boom Sensor System (RMS/OBSS) and docking mechanism are featured in this image photographed by an STS-130 crew member from an aft flight deck window.

STS-26 crew trains in JSC fixed-based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, mission specialists pose on aft flight deck in fixed-based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5. Left to right, Mission Specialist (MS) John M. Lounge, MS George D. Nelson, and MS David C. Hilmers await start of FB-SMS simulation. The long simulation, part of the training for their anticipated June 1988 flight, began 10-20-87.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-28

A Canadian "handshake" in space occurred on April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm (Canadarm2) transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour's robotic arm. Pictured is astronaut James S. Voss, Expedition Two flight engineer, working the controls of the new robotic arm. Marning the controls from the shuttle's aft flight deck, Canadian Mission Specialist Chris A. Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) was instrumental in the activity. The Space lab pallet that carried the Canadarm2 robotic arm to the station was developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama.

87. AFT CREWS' MESS DECK STARBOARD LOOKING TO PORT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

87. AFT CREWS' MESS DECK - STARBOARD LOOKING TO PORT SHOWING COFFEE MAKER, ICE CREAM FREEZER, TABLES AND SCUTTLEBUTTS. - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Palapa-B communications satellite launched from the Shuttle Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-24

S83-35764 (19 June 1983) --- The Indonesian Palapa B communications satellite is just about to clear the vertical stabilizer of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger to begin its way toward its Earth-orbital destination. Also visible in this 70mm exposure, photographed through the flight deck?s aft windows, are the Shuttle pallet satellite, the experiment package for NASA?s office of space and terrestrial applications (OSTA-2), the now vacated protective cradles for Palapa and Telesat Canada?s Anik C2 satellites, some getaway special (GAS) canisters and the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm.

STS-26 MS Lounge in fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) John M. Lounge, wearing comunications kit assembly headset and crouched on the aft flight deck, performs checklist inspection during training session. The STS-26 crew is training in the fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

New set of solar arrays deployed on Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-09

STS061-99-002 (2-13 Dec 1993) --- The new set of solar array panels deployed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is backdropped against the blackness of space and a widely cloud-covered area on Earth. The 70mm frame was exposed by one of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's seven crew members on the aft flight deck.

View of the ISS stack as seen during the fly-around by the STS-96 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-20

S96-E-5218 (3 June 1999) --- Partially silhouetted over clouds and a wide expanse of ocean waters, the unmanned International Space Station (ISS) moves away from the Space Shuttle Discovery. An electronic still camera (ESC) was aimed through aft flight deck windows to capture the image at 23:01:00 GMT, June 3, 1999.

STS-55 Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, payload bay with SL-D2 module

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-05-06

STS055-151B-189 (26 April-6 May 1993) --- Clouds over a wide span of ocean waters form the backdrop for this picture of the Spacelab D-2 Science Module in the Space Shuttle Columbia's cargo bay. A Linhof camera was aimed through the spacecraft's aft flight deck windows to record the scene.

Earth observation taken during STS-102

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-06-14

STS102-342-024 (8-21 March 2001)--- The largest percentage of astronaut out-the-window photography is scientific in nature. However, occasionally scenes such as this one showing the moon over Earth's airglow are irresistable for crew members with cameras. The 35mm scene was recorded by one of the STS-102 astronauts from the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery.

Payload specialist station study. Part 2: CEI specifications (part 1). [space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The performance, design, and verification specifications are established for the multifunction display system (MFDS) to be located at the payload station in the shuttle orbiter aft flight deck. The system provides the display units (with video, alphanumerics, and graphics capabilities), associated with electronic units and the keyboards in support of the payload dedicated controls and the displays concept.

Modifying Ship Air-Wake Vortices for Aircraft Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lamar, John E.

2004-01-01

Columnar-vortex generators (CVG) have been proposed as means to increase the safety of takeoffs and landings of aircraft on aircraft or helicopter carriers and other ships at sea. According to the proposal, CVGs would be installed at critical edge locations on ships to modify the vortices in the air wakes of the ships. The desired effects of modifications are to smooth airflows over takeoff and landing deck areas and divert vortices from takeoff and landing flight paths. With respect to aircraft operations, the wake flows of primary interest are those associated with the bow and side edges of aircraft-carrier decks and with superstructures of ships in general (see Figure 1). The bow and deck-edge vortices can adversely affect airplane and helicopter operations on carriers, while the superstructure wakes can primarily affect operations of helicopters. The concept of the CVG is not new; what is new is the proposed addition of CVGs to ship structures to effect favorable modifications of air wakes. Figure 2 depicts a basic CVG, vertical and horizontal CVGs installed on a simple superstructure, and horizontal CVGs installed on the bow and deck edges. The vertical CVGs would be closed at the deck but open at the top. Each horizontal CVG would be open at both ends. The dimensions of the CVGs installed on the aft edges of the superstructure would be chosen so that the portion of the flow modified by the vertical CVGs would interact synergistically with the portion of the flow modified by the horizontal CVG to move the air wake away from the takeoff-and-landing zone behind the superstructure. The deck-edge CVGs would be mounted flush with, and would extend slightly ahead of the bow of, the flight deck. The overall length of each tube would exceed that of the flight deck. Each deck-edge CVG would capture that portion of the airflow that generates a deck-edge vortex and would generate a columnar vortex of opposite sense to that of the unmodified vortex. The vortex generated by the CVG could be dispersed at its base, thereby removing unwanted turbulence in the path of an approaching airplane. The deck-edge CVGs would promote smooth flow over the entire flight deck. In the case of a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier like that of Figure 1, there would be a CVG on each of the outer edges of the two left portions of the flight deck and a single CVG on the right side of the flight deck. The forward-most CVG on the left side would take the generated vortex underneath the angled flight deck. A CVG could also be installed on the bow of the flight deck to smooth the flow of air onto the flight deck. In the case of wind incident on the deck from an azimuth other than straight ahead, the vortex generated by the bow CVG could, perhaps, be used to feed the CVG(s) of the leeward side edge of the flight deck.

27. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. VIEW LOOKING AFT ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK WITH TENDER ANNIE RUTH ALONGSIDE. COVER OF FORWARD COMPANIONWAY HAS BEEN PLACED ON MAIN DECK; SUN AWNING A TYPICAL FEATURE IN TROPICAL CLIMATES. CREW MEMBERS UNKNOWN Original 4-3/4'x6-3/4' photograph taken c. 1930? - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

STS-62 onboard crew portrait

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-03-05

STS062-17-025 (4-18 March 1994) --- The five veteran astronaut crewmembers for NASA's STS-62 mission pose for the traditional inflight portrait on Columbia's aft flight deck. In front are astronauts John H. Casper (left), mission commander; and Pierre J. Thuot, mission specialist. In the rear are astronauts (left to right) Andrew M. Allen, pilot; Marsha S. Ivins and Charles D. (Sam) Gemar, mission specialists.

Astronaut Jay Apt uses Hasselblad camera to record earth observations

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-20

STS059-46-025 (9-20 April 1994) --- On the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck astronaut Jerome (Jay) Apt, mission specialist, uses a handheld 70mm Hasselblad camera to record still scenes of Earth. Apt, the commander of Endeavour's Blue Shift, joined five other NASA astronauts for a week and a half in space in support of the Space Radar Laboratory/STS-59 mission.

STS-30 crewmembers pose for onboard portrait on OV-104's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-08

STS030-21-008 (4-8 May 1989) --- A traditional in-space crew portrait for STS-30 aboard the Atlantis. Astronaut Mary L. Cleave is in front. Others pictured, left to right, are astronauts Norman E. Thagard, Ronald J. Grabe, David M. Walker and Mark C. Lee. An automatic, pre-set 35mm camera using color negative film recorded the scene.

ODS alignment ring at soft-dock with ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-12

STS105-E-5067 (12 August 2001) --- One of the STS-105 crew members on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery used a digital still camera to record this close-up view of the docking process between the shuttle and the International Space Station (ISS). The shuttle’s Canadarm or Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm is in its stowed position at right.

View of the Columbia's remote manipulator system

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-09-444 (22-30 March 1982) --- The darkness of space provides the backdrop for this scene of the plasma diagnostics package (PDR) experiment in the grasp of the end effector or ?hand? of the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm, and other components of the Office of Space Sciences (OSS-1) package in the aft section of the Columbia?s cargo hold. The PDP is a compact, comprehensive assembly of electromagnetic and particle sensors that will be used to study the interaction of the orbiter with its surrounding environment; to test the capabilities of the shuttle?s remote manipulator system; and to carry out experiments in conjunction with the fast pulse electron generator of the vehicle charging and potential experiment, another experiment on the OSS-1 payload pallet. This photograph was exposed with a 70mm handheld camera by the astronaut crew of STS-3, with a handheld camera aimed through the flight deck?s aft window. Photo credit: NASA

NASA TLA workload analysis support. Volume 1: Detailed task scenarios for general aviation and metering and spacing studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sundstrom, J. L.

1980-01-01

The techniques required to produce and validate six detailed task timeline scenarios for crew workload studies are described. Specific emphasis is given to: general aviation single pilot instrument flight rules operations in a high density traffic area; fixed path metering and spacing operations; and comparative workload operation between the forward and aft-flight decks of the NASA terminal control vehicle. The validation efforts also provide a cursory examination of the resultant demand workload based on the operating procedures depicted in the detailed task scenarios.

Compartment A20 construction stories locker looking from forward to aft ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Compartment A-20 construction stories locker looking from forward to aft showing wooden ladder and storage bins. Heavy frame supports armored protective deck. Armor plate hatch at top left penetrates protective deck. (05) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Cassidy looks at Crew Procedures in the Aft FD during Joint Operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-20

S127-E-007079 (29 July 2009) --- Astronaut Christopher Cassidy is pictured on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour during the July 20 spacewalk of astronauts Dave Wolf and Tom Marshburn. Cassidy, Wolf and Marshburn, all three mission specialists, are part of a 13-member station population for now -- an aggregation made up of seven shuttle astronauts and six Expedition 20 crew members.

Crew Training - STS-33/51L - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-09-19

S85-40508 (23 Sept. 1985) --- Two women representing the Teacher-in-Space project undergo training in preparation for the STS-51L mission in two photographs made in Johnson Space Center trainers. Sharon Christa McAuliffe, named as prime crew citizen observer on the spaceflight, studies the console on the aft flight deck, which contains controls for the remote manipulator system (RMS) and other important functions. Photo credit: NASA

20. HANGAR BAY #2 FORWARD LOOKING AFT ON CENTERLINE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. HANGAR BAY #2 - FORWARD LOOKING AFT ON CENTERLINE - STARBOARD SIDE SHOWING CONFLAGRATION STATION, UPTAKE SPACE AND DEHUMIDIFICATION MACHINES - PORT SIDE SHOWING VARIOUS DECK WINCHES, ROLLER DOORS, HANGAR DECK PLANE CONTROL STATION AND AQUEOUS FIRE FIGHTING FOAM HOSE REELS. - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Satellite services system analysis study. Volume 4: Service equipment concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Payload deployment equipment is discussed, including payload separation, retention structures, the remote manipulator system, tilt tables, the payload installation and deployment aid, the handling and positioning aid, and spin tables. Close proximity retrieval, and on-orbit servicing equipment is discussed. Backup and contingency equipment is also discussed. Delivery and retrieval of high-energy payloads are considered. Earth return equipment, the aft flight deck, optional, and advanced equipment are also discussed.

Payload Crew Training Complex (PCTC) utilization and training plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Self, M. R.

1980-01-01

The physical facilities that comprise the payload crew training complex (PCTC) are described including the host simulator; experiment simulators; Spacelab aft flight deck, experiment pallet, and experiment rack mockups; the simulation director's console; payload operations control center; classrooms; and supporting soft- and hardware. The parameters of a training philosophy for payload crew training at the PCTC are established. Finally the development of the training plan is addressed including discussions of preassessment, and evaluation options.

Deployment of the SBS-4 communications satellite

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-08-30

41D-36-034 (30 Aug 1984) --- Less than nine hours after the first launch of the Discovery, its astronaut crewmembers photographed deployment of the SBS-4 communications satellite. The cylindrical spacecraft spins and rises from its cradle-like protective shield to begin life in space. A number of maneuvers will place it in its desired orbit. A 70mm camera, aimed through the spacecraft’s aft flight deck windows, was used to expose the frame.

STS-33 MS Carter and MS Thornton display 'Maggot on Board' sign and candy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

STS-33 Mission Specialist (MS) Manley L. Carter, Jr (left) and MS Kathryn C. Thornton display 'Maggot on Board' sign and 'SMARTIES' candy stored in plastic bag on the aft flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. The mission specialists are wearing their mission polo shirts and communications kit assembly headsets. An overhead window appears above their heads. A gold necklace chain floats around Carter's neck.

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-12-15

As seen through a window on the Space Shuttle Endeavor's aft flight deck, the International Space Station (ISS), with its newly-staffed crew of three, Expedition Four, is contrasted against a patch of the blue and white Earth. The Destiny laboratory is partially covered with shadows in the foreground. The photo was taken during the departure of the Earth-bound Endeavor, bringing to a close the STS-108 mission, the 12th Shuttle mission to visit the ISS.

View of Spacelab 2 pallet in the open payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-29

51F-33-005 (29 July - 6 August 1985) --- Experiments and the instrument pointing system (IPS) for Spacelab 2 are backdropped against the Libya/Tunisia Mediterranean coast and black space in this 70mm view photographed through the aft flight deck windows of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Also partially visible among the cluster of Spacelab 2 hardware are the solar optical universal polarimeter (SOUP) experiment and the coronal helium abundance experiment (CHASE).

Closeup view of the mid deck aft wall of the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Close-up view of the mid deck aft wall of the Orbiter Discovery showing a mission specific configuration of stowage lockers within the modular system designed for maximum flexibility. This photograph was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

View aft of compartment D23, aft steering station; note steering ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View aft of compartment D-23, aft steering station; note steering unit with crosshead and shaft bearing supports. Note framing supports for armored protective deck at top of photo. (p60) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Space robotic experiment in JEM flight demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagatomo, Masanori; Tanaka, Masaki; Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Tsuda, Shinichi

1994-01-01

Japan is collaborating on the multinational space station program. The JEM, Japanese Experiment Module, has both a pressurized module and an Exposed Facility (EF). JEM Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS) will play a dominant role in handling/servicing payloads and the maintenance of the EF, and consists of two robotic arms, a main arm and a small fine arm. JEM Flight Demonstration (JFD) is a space robotics experiment using the prototype small fine arm to demonstrate its capability, prior to the Space Station operation. The small fine arm will be installed in the Space Shuttle cargo bay and operated by a crew from a dedicated workstation in the Aft Flight Deck of the orbiter.

Investigating the Interaction of a Supersonic Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle and Sonic Wall Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berry, Matthew G.

For nearly 80 years, the jet engine has set the pace for aviation technology around the world. Complexity of design has compounded upon each iteration of nozzle development, while the rate of fundamental fluids knowledge struggles to keep up. The increase in velocities associated with supersonic jets, have exacerbated the need for flow physics research. Supersonic flight remains the standard for military aircraft and is being rediscovered for commercial use. With the addition of multiple streams, complex nozzle geometries, and airframe integration in modern aircraft, the flow physics rapidly become more difficult. As performance capabilities increase, so do the noise producing mechanisms and unsteady dynamics. This has prompted an experimental investigation into the flow field and turbulence quantities of a modern jet nozzle configuration. A rectangular supersonic multi-stream nozzle with aft deck is characterized using time-resolved schlieren imaging, stereo PIV measurements, deck mounted pressure transducers, and far-field microphones. These experiments are performed at the Skytop Turbulence Laboratory at Syracuse University. LES data by The Ohio State University are paired with these experiments and give valuable insight into regions of the flow unable to be probed. By decomposing this complex flow field into two canonical flows, a supersonic rectangular nozzle and a sonic wall jet, a fundamental approach is taken to observe how these two jets interact. Thorough investigations of the highly turbulent flow field are being performed. Current analytical techniques employed are statistical quantities, turbulence properties, and low-dimensional models. Results show a dominant high frequency structure that propagates through the entire field and is observable in all experimental methods. The structures emanate from the interaction point of the supersonic jet and sonic wall jet. Additionally, the propagation paths are directionally dependent. Further, spanwise PIV measurements observe the asymmetric nozzle to be relatively two-dimensional across half of the jet span. An investigation into the effect of the aft deck has shown that the jet plume deflection depended on the aft deck length. This deflection is tied to separation and reattachment caused by reflecting oblique shocks. Additionally, low-dimensional models in the form of POD and DMD observe the most energetic and periodic structures in the turbulent flow field. Finally, these experimental results are paired with LES using data fusion techniques to form a more complete view of the flow. The comprehensive dataset will help validate computational models and create a basis for future SERN and aft deck designs.

View of ANDE release from orbiter Discovery payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-21

S116-E-07828 (21 Dec. 2006) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-116 crewmembers. ANDE consists of two micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

STS-72 crew trains in Fixed Base (FB) Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-06-07

S95-12703 (May 1995) --- Astronauts Koichi Wakata (left) and Daniel T. Barry check the settings on a 35mm camera during an STS-72 training session. Wakata is a mission specialist, representing Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) and Barry is a United States astronaut assigned as mission specialist for the same mission. The two are on the aft flight deck of the fixed base Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

Endeavour SRMS / OBSS during Survey OPS

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-09

S130-E-005338 (8 Feb. 2010) --- Backdropped by the South China Sea and the Gulf of Tonkin, the Tranquility node in space shuttle Endeavour’s payload bay, vertical stabilizer, orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods and a shadow-covered docking mechanism are featured in this image photographed by the STS-130 crew from an aft flight deck window. Hainan Island can be seen between the South China Sea (bottom) and Gulf of Tonkin (top). The Leizhou Peninsula of the Chinese mainland is on the upper right.

Florida, USA

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-06-14

STS040-613-049 (5-14 June 1991) --- This oblique scene from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia shows southern Florida, several of the Bahama Islands and parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The nine-day STS-40/Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) mission started with launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), visible in lower left. Cuba can be seen at top center. The picture was photographed with a handheld Rolleiflex camera, aimed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows.

Astronauts Koichi Wakata (left) and Daniel T. Barry check the settings on a 35mm camera during an

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-72 TRAINING VIEW --- Astronauts Koichi Wakata (left) and Daniel T. Barry check the settings on a 35mm camera during an STS-72 training session. Wakata is a mission specialist, representing Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) and Barry is a United States astronaut assigned as mission specialist for the same mission. The two are on the aft flight deck of the fixed base Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

-V2 plane on the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-03

STS109-E-5104 (3 March 2002) --- The Hubble Space Telescope is seen in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Each present set of solar array panels will be replaced during one of the space walks planned for the coming week. The crew aimed various cameras, including the digital still camera used for this frame, out the shuttle's aft flight deck windows to take a series of survey type photos, the first close-up images of the telescope since December of 1999.

-V2 plane on the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-03

STS109-E-5102 (3 March 2002) --- The Hubble Space Telescope is seen in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Each present set of solar array panels will be replaced during one of the space walks planned for the coming week. The crew aimed various cameras, including the digital still camera used for this frame, out the shuttle's aft flight deck windows to take a series of survey type photos, the first close-up images of the telescope since December of 1999.

Astronaut Rhea Seddon works on flyswatter-like snagging device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Astronaut Rhea Seddon begins works on flyswatter-like snagging device to be used as an extension to the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm on Discovery for an attempt to trip a lever on the troubled Syncom-IV satellite. She is seated on the floor of the aft flight deck with a pair of scissors in her mouth. She is using an exacto knife to cut the extension out of plastic. Her jacket is floating in the bottom right edge of the frame.

Olivas uses a laser ranging device on STS-117 Space Shuttle Atlantis

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-10

S117-E-06953 (10 June 2007) --- Astronaut John "Danny" Olivas, STS-117 mission specialist, aims a laser range finder through one of the overhead windows on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis at it approaches the International Space Station. This instrument is a regularly called-on tool during rendezvous operations with the station. The subsequent docking will allow the STS-117 astronauts and the Expedition 15 crew to team up for several days of key tasks in space.

STS-40 Spacelab Life Science 1 (SLS-1) module in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-06-14

STS040-610-010 (5-14 June 1991) --- The blue and white Earth forms the backdrop for this scene of the Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) module in the cargo bay of the Earth-orbiting Columbia. The view was photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows with a handheld Rolleiflex camera. Seven crewmembers spent nine days in space aboard Columbia. Part of the tunnel/airlock system that linked them to the SLS-1 module is seen in center foreground.

Crew Training- STS-11 (RMS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-14

S83-33925 (14 June 1983) --- Astronaut Ronald E. McNair, one of NASA?s three 41-B mission specialists, participates in a training session in the Shuttle one-g trainer in the Johnson Space Center?s mockup and integrating laboratory. He stands at the aft flight deck, where controls for the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm are located. Dr. McNair and the remainder of the five-man astronaut crew are scheduled to lift into space aboard the Challenger on February 3, 1984.

Hurricane Dolores in the Pacific Ocean

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-12

S94-E-5027 (9 July 1997)--- Hurricane Dolores located about 20 degrees southwest of the tip of the Baja Peninsula in the eastern Pacific supported winds of 90 knots with gust of 100 knots on July 9, 1997. The photograph was taken through overhead windows on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Notice the thunderstorms in the bands leading into the eye at lower levels and the lighter cirrus clouds coming from the outflow out of the eye at higher levels.

LDEF grappled by remote manipulator system (RMS) during STS-32 retrieval

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-01-20

This view taken through overhead window W7 on Columbia's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102's, aft flight deck shows the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) in the grasp of the remote manipulator system (RMS) during STS-32 retrieval activities. Other cameras at eye level were documenting the bus-sized spacecraft at various angles as the RMS manipulated LDEF for a lengthy photo survey. The glaring celestial body in the upper left is the sun with the Earth's surface visible below.

STS-37 Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) grappled by RMS

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-04-07

Backdropped against the Earth's surface, the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) with its solar array (SA) panels deployed is grappled by the remote manipulator system (RMS) during STS-37 systems checkout. GRO's four complement instruments are visible: the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) (at the bottom); the Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) (center); the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) (top); and Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) (on four corners). The view was taken by STS-37 crew through an aft flight deck overhead window.

Flight measured and calculated exhaust jet conditions for an F100 engine in an F-15 airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hernandez, Francisco J.; Burcham, Frank W., Jr.

1988-01-01

The exhaust jet conditions, in terms of temperature and Mach number, were determined for a nozzle-aft end acoustic study flown on an F-15 aircraft. Jet properties for the F100 EMD engines were calculated using the engine manufacturer's specification deck. The effects of atmospheric temperature on jet Mach number, M10, were calculated. Values of turbine discharge pressure, PT6M, jet Mach number, and jet temperature were calculated as a function of aircraft Mach number, altitude, and power lever angle for the test day conditions. At a typical test point with a Mach number of 0.9, intermediate power setting, and an altitude of 20,000 ft, M10 was equal to 1.63. Flight measured and calculated values of PT6M were compared for intermediate power at altitudes of 15500, 20500, and 31000 ft. It was found that at 31000 ft, there was excellent agreement between both, but for lower altitudes the specification deck overpredicted the flight data. The calculated jet Mach numbers were believed to be accurate to within 2 percent.

Computational and Experimental Study of Supersonic Nozzle Flow and Aft-Deck Interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, Walter E., IV; Carter, Melissa B.; Elmiligui, Alaa A.; Winski, Courtney S.; Nayani, Sudheer N.; Castner, Raymond S.

2016-01-01

NASA has been conducting research into reducing sonic boom and changing FAA regulations to allow for supersonic commercial transport over land in the United States. This particular study looks at a plume passing through a shock generated from an aft deck on a nacelle; the aft deck is meant to represent the trailing edge of a wing. NASA Langley Research Center USM3D CFD code results are compared to the experimental data taken at the NASA Glenn Research Center 1-foot by 1-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. This study included examining two turbulence models along with different volume sourcing methods for grid generation. The results show that using the k-epsilon turbulence model within USM3D produced shock signatures that closely follow the experimental data at a variety of nozzle pressure ratio settings.

View of the Columbia's open payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-11-13

STS002-13-208 (12-14 Nov. 1981) --- This clear view of the aft section of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia's cargo bay and some of its cargo was photographed through the flight deck's aft windows. Visible in the center of the photo are the twin orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods. The vertical stabilizer or tail splits the top part of the image in half. The Induced Environment Contamination Monitor (IECM) Location experiment is located in the back center of the cargo bay, near the top. There is a grapple fixture attached to the side of the IECM. Various components of the Office of Space Terrestrial Applications (OSTA-1) payload are seen near the aft section of the cargo bay, such as the Feature Identification and Location Experiment (FILE) (the long cone shaped object on the right back), the Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) (on pallet base) and the SIR-A recorder in the right foreground. In the left foreground the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) antenna can be seen. Photo credit: NASA

Thunderstorms, Indian Ocean

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-607-024 (2-10 Dec. 1990) --- This is one of 25 visuals used by the STS-35 crew at its Dec. 20, 1990 post-flight press conference. Space Shuttle Columbia's flight of almost nine days duration (launched December 2 from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and landed December 10 at Edwards Air Force Base) carried the Astro-1 payload and was dedicated to astrophysics. The mission involved a seven-man crew. Crew members were astronauts Vance D. Brand, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Robert A.R. Parker and John M. (Mike) Lounge; and payload specialists Samuel T. Durrance and Ronald A. Parise. Thunderstorm systems over the Pacific Ocean, with heavy sunglint, as photographed with a handheld Rolleiflex camera aimed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows.

Terminal configured vehicle program: Test facilities guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The terminal configured vehicle (TCV) program was established to conduct research and to develop and evaluate aircraft and flight management system technology concepts that will benefit conventional take off and landing operations in the terminal area. Emphasis is placed on the development of operating methods for the highly automated environment anticipated in the future. The program involves analyses, simulation, and flight experiments. Flight experiments are conducted using a modified Boeing 737 airplane equipped with highly flexible display and control equipment and an aft flight deck for research purposes. The experimental systems of the Boeing 737 are described including the flight control computer systems, the navigation/guidance system, the control and command panel, and the electronic display system. The ground based facilities used in the program are described including the visual motion simulator, the fixed base simulator, the verification and validation laboratory, and the radio frequency anechoic facility.

Drawing of STS-34 SSBUV orbiter interface and command and status monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Line drawing titled SSBUV ORBITER INTERFACE FOR COMMAND AND STATUS MONITORING shows how the shuttle solar backscatter ultraviolet (UV) (SSBUV) will be operated by crewmembers on the aft flight deck using a autonomous payload controller (APC). SSBUV instrument will calibrate ozone measuring space-based instruments on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) TIROS satellites NOAA-9 and NOAA-11. During STS-34, SSBUV instruments mounted in get away special (GAS) canisters in Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, payload bay will use the Space Shuttle's orbital flight path to assess instrument performance by directly comparing data from identical instruments aboard the TIROS satellite, as OV-104 and the satellite pass over the same Earth location within a one-hour window. SSBUV is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

DOD Pico-Satellite known as ANDE released from the STS-116 shuttle payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-21

S116-E-07837 (21 Dec. 2006) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-116 crewmembers. ANDE consists of two micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

DOD Pico-Satellite known as ANDE released from the STS-116 shuttle payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-21

S116-E-07831 (21 Dec. 2006) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-116 crewmembers. ANDE consists of two micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

DOD Pico-Satellite known as ANDE released from the STS-116 shuttle payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-21

S116-E-07838 (21 Dec. 2006) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-116 crewmembers. ANDE consists of two micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

Deployment of DRAGONSAT from Space Shuttle Endeavours Payload Bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-30

S127-E-012308 (30 July 2009) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment 2 (ANDE-2) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-127 crew members. ANDE-2 consists of two spherical micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low-Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

Deployment of DRAGONSAT from Space Shuttle Endeavours Payload Bay

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-30

S127-E-012322 (30 July 2009) --- As seen through windows on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour, a Department of Defense pico-satellite known as Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment 2 (ANDE-2) is released from the shuttle's payload bay by STS-127 crew members. ANDE-2 consists of two spherical micro-satellites which will measure the density and composition of the low-Earth orbit (LEO) atmosphere while being tracked from the ground. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in orbit.

View of the payload bay during STS-7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

This 'astronaut's eye view' of the payload bay was taken through the aft flight deck window. It shows the Shuttle pallet satellite (SPAS-01), the experiment pallet for the NASA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications (OSTA-2), the closed 'cradle' protecting the Telesat F Anik C2 satellite, the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm and a number of canisters for getaway special (GAS) experiments. MBB stands for Messerschmidt-Boelkow-Blohm, a West German firm which built the SPAS. The vertical stabilizer appears to be touching the Earth's horizon.

Earth Observation taken during the 41G mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-25

41G-120-056 (October 1984) --- Parts of Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Jordan and part of the Mediterranean Sea are seen in this nearly-vertical, large format camera's view from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger. The Sea of Galilee is at center frame and the Dead Sea at bottom center. The frame's center coordinates are 32.5 degrees north latitude and 35.5 degrees east longitude. A Linhof camera, using 4" x 5" film, was used to expose the frame through one of the windows on Challenger's aft flight deck.

Mir Space Station survey pre- and post-docking during STS-76 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-03-24

STS076-705-019 (23 March 1996) --- Backdropped against the darkness of space, Russia's Mir Space Station is seen from the aft flight deck window of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The two spacecraft were about to make their third docking in Earth-orbit. With the subsequent delivery of astronaut Shannon W. Lucid to the Mir Space Station, the Mir-21 crew grew to three, as the mission specialist quickly becomes a cosmonaut guest researcher. She will spend approximately 140 days on Mir before returning to Earth.

Payload crew interface design criteria and techniques. Task 1: Inflight operations and training for payloads. [space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carmean, W. D.; Hitz, F. R.

1976-01-01

Guidelines are developed for use in control and display panel design for payload operations performed on the aft flight deck of the orbiter. Preliminary payload procedures are defined. Crew operational concepts are developed. Payloads selected for operational simulations were the shuttle UV optical telescope (SUOT), the deep sky UV survey telescope (DUST), and the shuttle UV stellar spectrograph (SUSS). The advanced technology laboratory payload consisting of 11 experiments was selected for a detailed evaluation because of the availability of operational data and its operational complexity.

IUS with Magellan spacecraft drifts into space after STS-30 deployment

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-04

STS030-71-063 (4 May 1989) --- This scene is one of two released by NASA showing the process of solar array panel deployment on the Magellan spacecraft. Panels are not fully extended in this frame. The spacecraft had earlier been released by the STS-30 crewmembers to begin its long journey to the planet Venus for an extensive radar mapping mission. The frame was photographed through Atlantis? aft flight deck windows with a handheld 70mm camera. The complementary photograph is STS030-71-070.

Forward end (+XA side) of the PMA-2 prior to mating to the Orbiter Docking System (ODS).

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-05

STS088-335-017 (5 Dec. 1998) --- One of the STS-88 astronauts aimed a 35mm camera through Endeavour's aft flight deck windows to record this Dec. 5 image of the Unity connecting module as it was being unberthed in the cargo bay. The berthing and mating process constituted the first link in a long chain of events that led up to the eventual deployment in Earth orbit of the connected Unity and Zarya modules later in the 11-day mission. Photo credit: NASA

STS-39 Earth observation of U.S.S.R.'s Kamchatka Peninsula and Pacific Ocean

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-81-00OU (28 April-6 May 1991) --- Flying at an inclination of 57 degrees to Earth's Equator, the Space Shuttle Discovery was able to record photography of a number of seldom observed areas on the planet, such as the USSR. This view was taken in the far north Pacific Ocean and shows part of the Kamchatka Peninsula. One of Discovery's seven crewmembers aimed a 70mm handheld camera through aft flight deck overhead windows to record the image.

View of the Columbia's open payload bay and the Canadian RMS

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-11-13

STS002-12-833 (13 Nov. 1981) --- Clouds over Earth and black sky form the background for this unique photograph from the space shuttle Columbia in Earth orbit. The photograph was shot through the aft flight deck windows viewing the cargo bay. Part of the scientific payload of the Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications (OSTA-1) is visible in the open cargo bay. The astronauts inside Columbia's cabin were remotely operating the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS). Note television cameras on its elbow and wrist pieces. Photo credit: NASA

The Prediction of Unsteady Aerodynamic Loading in High Aspect Ratio Wall Bounded Jets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lurie, Michael B.

Stealth aircraft are becoming more and more prevalent in the aircraft industry. One of the features of many stealth aircraft is an integrated engine that is mounted above the aircraft fuselage. The engine nozzle is often rectangular with a high aspect ratio, and exhausts onto a jet deck formed by the aircraft fuselage. This configuration allows the aircraft fuselage to shield the noise and other detectable features caused by the engine from the ground. The Northrop Grumman B2 Bomber is perhaps the most well-known example of this configuration. Additionally, stealth technology combined with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) has led to the Joint Unmanned Combat System project, or J-UCAS. Both of the aircraft in development in this project use a wall-bounded high aspect ratio nozzle for stealth purposes. While these engine configurations provide a low radar profile and reduce the noise levels on the ground, they do introduce additional considerations. Since the engine is mounted above the aircraft, the nozzle jet is wall bounded by the fuselage of the aircraft. This is known as the flight deck. The jet stream exiting the nozzle can travel at supersonic speeds and potentially generates shock or expansion waves that impinge on the surface of the deck. The oscillations of these shockwaves on the deck produce localized unsteady forces acting on the aircraft. In addition, the interaction between the high speed jet stream and the slower ambient air causes a shear layer to form from the trailing edge of the nozzle. Turbulent eddies form and increase in size as they move downstream. The interactions of the shear layer with the flight deck produce additional unsteady forces on the aircraft. This thesis presents a study to predict the forces on a flight deck caused by a high aspect ratio wall bounded nozzle using both experimental methods and numerical simulations. The experiments performed were conducted on two different nozzles with aspect ratios of 4-1 and 8-1. Several different run conditions, including subsonic, overexpanded, on-design, and under-expanded, are included to study the effects of Mach number on the unsteady pressure. An aluminum flat plate is used to represent the aft deck. The plate is instrumented with Endevco pressure transducers to capture the fluctuating pressure on the aft deck. A spectral analysis performed on the individual sensors shows that the primary sources of fluctuating pressure are the shear layer along with shock-boundary layer interaction. Additional scaling with the nozzle heights is also presented. The numerical simulations were performed using a fully viscous, hybrid RANS/ LES model. They matched the nozzle characteristics and run conditions performed in the experiment. A detailed comparison between the unsteady pressures predicted by the computational simulations and those measured by the experiment is presented. Several discrepancies between the experimental and numerical results are the result of numerical error caused by the time marching scheme used in the simulations. A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is introduced to further analyze the computational simulations and provide a filtering method to obtain more accurate results.

125. Pre1911. Crew on main deck, starboard side at main ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

125. Pre-1911. Crew on main deck, starboard side at main hatch, looking aft. Note dark object in center of photo that may be original main deck capstan. Fred Heick collection. (K9.9571) - Ship BALCLUTHA, 2905 Hyde Street Pier, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Simulator evaluation of the effects of reduced spoiler and thrust authority on a decoupled longitudinal control system during landings in wind shear

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, G. K., Jr.

1981-01-01

The effect of reduced control authority, both in symmetric spoiler travel and thrust level, on the effectiveness of a decoupled longitudinal control system was examined during the approach and landing of the NASA terminal configured vehicle (TCV) aft flight deck simulator in the presence of wind shear. The evaluation was conducted in a fixed-base simulator that represented the TCV aft cockpit. There were no statistically significant effects of reduced spoiler and thrust authority on pilot performance during approach and landing. Increased wind severity degraded approach and landing performance by an amount that was often significant. However, every attempted landing was completed safely regardless of the wind severity. There were statistically significant differences in performance between subjects, but the differences were generally restricted to the control wheel and control-column activity during the approach.

View of the "handshake" of the SLP between the SSRMS and RMS during STS-100

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-28

S100-E-5898 (28 April 2001) --- A STS-100 crew member with a digital still camera recorded this image of an historical event through an overhead window on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. A Canadian “handshake in space” occurred at 4:02 p.m (CDT), April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm – operated by Expedition Two flight engineer Susan J. Helms –transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour’s robotic arm, with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris A. Hadfield at the controls. The exchange of the pallet from station arm to shuttle arm marked the first ever robotic-to-robotic transfer in space.

Earth observation images taken as part of the EarthKAM educational program

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-02-13

S99-E-5267 (13 February 2000) --- City of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico and the Rio Grande River, which separates them. An electronic still camera (ESC), mounted in one of Endeavour's aft flight deck windows, is recording imagery of hundreds of Earth targets for the EarthKAM project. Students across the United States and in France, Germany and Japan are taking photos throughout the STS-99 mission. And they are using these new photos, plus all the images already available in the EarthKAM system, to enhance their classroom learning in Earth and space science, social studies, geography, mathematics and more. For general EarthKAM information and more images from this flight, go to http://www.earthkam.ucsd.edu/

46 CFR 69.109 - Under-deck tonnage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... intersects the line of the inboard faces of the ordinary side frames to the point aft where the line of the tonnage deck intersects the inboard face of the transom frames or cant frames. (See § 69.123, figure 3.) (2) For a vessel having a headblock or square end with framing which extends from the tonnage deck to...

ProShare teleconferencing with KIDSAT participants

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-27

STS081-378-012 (12-22 January 1997) --- Astronaut Marsha S. Ivins, mission specialist, looks at digital still photo imagery on a lap top computer on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' aft flight deck while communicating with students on Earth. Her activity is all part of the once-a-year shuttle participation in an educational endeavor called KidSat. The KidSat project allows students the opportunity to interact with the astronauts' real-time observations and photography of geographic points of interest. The Electronic Still Camera (ESC), which was handled largely by Ivins, can be seen near the computer.

ASPS performance with large payloads onboard the Shuttle Orbiter. [Annular Suspension and Pointing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keckler, C. R.

1980-01-01

A high fidelity digital computer simulation was used to establish the viability of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) for satisfying the pointing and stability requirements of facility class payloads, such as the Solar Optical Telescope, when subjected to the Orbiter disturbance environment. The ASPS and its payload were subjected to disturbances resulting from crew motions in the Orbiter aft flight deck and VRCS thruster firings. Worst case pointing errors of 0.005 arc seconds were experienced under the disturbance environment simulated; this is well within the 0.08 arc seconds requirement specified by the payload.

Oblique view of the Orbiter Discovery from an elevated platform ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Oblique view of the Orbiter Discovery from an elevated platform in the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Note the Forward Reaction Control System (RCS) Module from the forward section and the Orbiter Maneuvering System (OMS)/RCS pods from the aft section have been removed. Ground support equipment called Strongbacks are attached to the payload bay doors and the Flight Deck windows have been covered by ground support equipment. Also note the scale figure standing by the Orbiter. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, is seen on the starboard side of the Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 ESC VIEW --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, is seen on the starboard side of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck just prior to the deployment of the Satellite Test Unit (STU), part of the Passive Aerodynamically Stabilized Magnetically Damped Satellite (PAMS). Brown's image was captured with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC). Minutes later the camera was being used to document the deployment of PAMS-STU. The six-member crew will continue operations (tracking, rendezvousing and station-keeping) with PAMS-STU periodically throughout the remainder of the mission. GMT: 03:26:36.

Deployment of the TDRS by STS-6 Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-04-04

STS006-38-894 (4 April 1983) --- The tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) leaves the 18-meter (60-ft) long cargo bay of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Challenger about ten hours following launch of NASA’s second reusable space vehicle. The inertial upper stage (IUS) which gives power necessary to place the TDRS in its desired orbit is clearly seen in this view, photographed with a 70mm camera aimed through the aft flight deck windows of the Challenger. The cylindrical canisters in the left foreground contain scientific experiments from subscribers to NASA’s getaway special (GAS) program. Photo credit: NASA

IUS with Magellan spacecraft drifts into space after STS-30 deployment

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-04

STS030-71-070 (4 May 1989) --- This scene is one of two released by NASA showing the process of solar array panel deployment on the Magellan spacecraft. Though partially blended into the backdrop of the blackness of space, it appears the two panels are fully extended in this frame. The spacecraft had earlier been released by the STS-30 crewmembers to begin its long journey to the planet Venus for an extensive radar mapping mission. The frame was photographed through Atlantis' aft flight deck windows with a handheld 70mm camera. The complementary photograph is STS030-71-063.

Commander Kenneth D. Bowersox looks out the aft flight deck window

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-12

S82-E-5007 (12 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox, who served as pilot for the 1993 servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) appears to be pondering scheduled duties when the Space Shuttle Discovery makes a rendezvous in space with HST later in the week. Bowersox is mission commander and will remain in the Space Shuttle Discovery's cabin while four crew mates at various times perform Extravehicular Activities (EVA) to accomplish a series of servicing tasks on the giant telescope. This view was taken with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

OV-104's RMS releases Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) during STS-37 deployment

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-04-07

Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, remote manipulator system (RMS) releases Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) during STS-37 deployment. Visible on the GRO as it drifts away from the RMS end effector are the four complement instruments: the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment (bottom); Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) (center); Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) (top); and Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) (at four corners). GRO's solar array (SA) panels are extended and are in orbit configuration. View was taken through aft flight deck window which reflects some of the crew compartment interior.

STS-125 MS5 Feustel during EVA5

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-18

S125-E-010049 (18 May 2009) --- Astronaut Andrew Feustel, STS-125 mission specialist, participates in the mission?s fifth and final session of extravehicular activity (EVA) as work continues to refurbish and upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope. During the seven-hour and two-minute spacewalk, Feustel and astronaut John Grunsfeld (out of frame), mission specialist, installed a battery group replacement, removed and replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor and three thermal blankets (NOBL) protecting Hubble?s electronics. Astronaut Megan McArthur, STS-125 mission specialist, at the controls of the remote manipulator system (RMS), can be seen through an aft flight deck window.

STS mission duration enhancement study: (orbiter habitability)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carlson, A. D.

1979-01-01

Habitability improvements for early flights that could be implemented with minimum impact were investigated. These included: (1) launching the water dispenser in the on-orbit position instead of in a locker; (2) the sleep pallet concept; and (3) suction cup foot restraints. Past studies that used volumetric terms and requirements for crew size versus mission duration were reviewed and common definitions of key habitability terms were established. An accurately dimensioned drawing of the orbiter mid-deck, locating all of the known major elements was developed. Finally, it was established that orbiter duration and crew size can be increased with minimum modification and impact to the crew module. Preliminary concepts of the aft med-deck, external versions of expanded tunnel adapters (ETA), and interior concepts of ETA-3 were developed and comparison charts showing the various factors of volume, weight, duration, size, impact to orbiter, and number of sleep stations were generated.

STS-106 Crew Activity Report / Flight Day Highlights Day 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-106 was launched on Sept 8, 2000 at 8:45 a.m. The crew was commanded by Terrence W. Wilcutt, the pilot was Scott D. Altman. The mission specialists were Daniel C. Burbank, Edward T. Lu, Richard A. Mastracchio, Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko, and Boris V. Morukov. During the 11-day mission, the crew spent a week inside the International Space Station (ISS) unloading supplies from both a double SPACEHAB cargo module in the rear of the Atlantis cargo bay and from a Russian Progress M-1 resupply craft docked to the aft end of the Zvezda Service Module. The videotape shows the activities of the second day of the flight and the preparations for docking with the ISS. Shown on the video are shots of the flight deck on the shuttle, the shuttle payload arm, and shots of the crew eating lunch.

STS-56 Commander Cameron uses SAREX on OV-103's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-04-17

STS056-30-022 (8-17 April 1993) --- Aboard Discovery, astronaut Kenneth D. Cameron (call letters N5AWP), talks to amateur radio operators on Earth via the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX). SAREX was established by NASA, the American Radio League\\Amateur Satellite Corporation and the Johnson Space Center Amateur Radio Club to encourage public participation in the space program. It is part of an endeavor to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducting short-wave radio transmissions between the Shuttle and ground-based radio operators at low cost ground stations with amateur and digital techniques. As on several previous missions, SAREX was used on this flight as an educational opportunity for students around the world to learn about space firsthand by speaking directly to astronauts aboard the Shuttle.

EVA 5 - Installation of the NICMOS cryo-cooler

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-08

STS109-315-005 (8 March 2002) --- Barely visible within the Hubble Space Telescope's heavily shadowed shroud doors, astronauts John M. Grunsfeld (left) and Richard M. Linnehan participate in the final space walk of the STS-109 mission. The crew of the space shuttle Columbia completed the last of its five ambitious space walks early on March 8, 2002, with the successful installation of an experimental cooling system for Hubble’s Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). The NICMOS has been dormant since January 1999 when its original coolant ran out. Astronauts Grunsfeld and Linnehan began their third spacewalk of the mission at 2:46 a.m. CST. Linnehan was given a ride on the shuttle’s robotic arm to the aft shroud doors by astronaut Nancy J. Currie, working from the aft flight deck of Columbia. After the shroud doors were open, Linnehan was moved back to Columbia’s payload bay to remove the NICMOS cryocooler from its carrier. Grunsfeld and Linnehan then installed the cryocooler inside the aft shroud and connected cables from its Electronics Support Module (ESM). That module was installed on March 7 during a spacewalk by astronauts James H. Newman and Michael J. Massimino.

11. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR AFT COMPANIONWAY. DECKHOUSES, FROM RIGHT TO LEFT (STERN TO BOW), ARE ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT AND GALLEY SKYLIGHT/COMPANIONWAY - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

STS-8 crewmembers during shuttle mission simulation training

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-01

S83-33032 (23 May 1983) --- Astronauts Guion S. Bluford, right, and Daniel C. Brandenstein man their respective Challenger entry and ascent stations in the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) during a training session for the STS-8 mission. Brandenstein is in the pilot's station, while Bluford, a mission specialist, occupies one of the two aft flight deck seats. Both are wearing civilian clothes for this training exercise. This motion based simulator represents the scene of a great deal of training and simulation activity, leading up to crew preparedness for Space Transportation System (STS) mission. Photo credt: NASA/Otis Imboden, National Geographic

Mir space station as seen from shuttle Atlantis

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-11-17

STS074-718-056 (12-20 Nov 1995) --- As photographed from the overhead Windows on the aft flight deck of the docked Space Shuttle Atlantis, a number of components of the cluster comprising the Russia?s Mir Space Station are backdropped over the northeastern United States. The crew enjoyed a southward looking view of the United States east coast from New Hampshire to South Carolina. Cape Cod and Boston, Massachusetts are seen on the north or the side away from Earth?s limb. New York City and Long Island are in the center of the photo. The mouths of both the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays are visible southward.

View of STS-109 MS Grunsfeld during EVA 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-04

STS109-E-5448 (4 March 2002) --- Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, payload commander, peers into the crew cabin of the Space Shuttle Columbia during the first STS-109 extravehicular activity (EVA-1) on March 4, 2002. Grunsfeld's helmet visor displays a mirrored image of the Earth's hemisphere. Astronauts Grunsfeld and Richard M. Linnehan replaced the starboard solar array on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on the first of five scheduled STS-109 space walks. The lower portion of the giant telescope can be seen over Grunsfeld's left shoulder. The image was recorded with a digital still camera by a crewmate on shuttle's aft flight deck.

STS-57 MS2 Sherlock operates RMS THC on OV-105's aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-06-25

STS057-31-030 (25 June 1993) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Sherlock operates Endeavour's remote manipulator system (RMS) during the June 25 extravehicular activity of two crewmates. At one point, astronaut G. David Low, while his feet were anchored to a special restraint device on the end of the RMS arm, moved about, with Sherlock's aid, while holding astronaut Peter J. K. (Jeff) Wisoff. The activity represented an evaluation of techniques which might be used on planned future missions -- a 1993 servicing visit to the Hubble Space Telescope and later space station work -- which will require astronauts to frequently lift objects of similar sized bulk.

Astronaut Rich Clifford inserts tape into payload high data recorder

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-14

STS059-09-012 (9-20 April 1994) --- On the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck, astronaut Michael R. (Rich) Clifford, mission specialist, inserts a tape in the payload high rate recorder. Three of these state-of-the-art recorders captured four times the amount of data that could be radioed to the ground. The 183 tapes, each containing 40 megabytes of data, will be turned into images over the next year, and analyzed over the next decade. Clifford was joined in space by five other NASA astronauts for a week and a half of support to the Space Radar Laboratory (SRL-1)/STS-59 mission.

View of the FGB/Zarya and Node 1/Unity modules in the payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-07

STS088-719-071 (6 Dec. 1998) --- Just a few feet away from a 70mm camera onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, the Russian-built control module and the U.S.-built Unity connecting module are mated in the shuttle's cargo bay. Using Endeavour's 50-ft. long Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) robot arm, astronaut Nancy J. Currie working from the aft flight deck, plucked Zarya out of orbit at 5:47 p.m. (CST), December 6. The craft had been orbiting Earth for a little over 16 days prior to grapple and subsequent docking to Unity.

View of the FGB prior to rendezvous and grapple

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-06

S88-E-5044 (12-06-98) --- With Endeavour's astronauts waiting to mate the Russian-built Zarya control module with the U.S.-built Unity connecting module, an electronic still camera (ESC) was used to record this image of the approaching Zarya. Using the shuttle's 50-ft.-long Canadian-built robot arm, astronaut Nancy J. Currie, working from Endeavour's aft flight deck, plucked Zarya out of orbit at 5:47 p.m. (CST), Dec. 6. The craft had been orbiting Earth for a little over 16 days prior to the grapple and subsequent docking to Unity. This image was recorded at 22:53:55 GMT, Dec. 6.

View of the FGB prior to rendezvous and grapple

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-06

S88-E-5045 (12-06-98) --- With Endeavour's astronauts waiting to mate the Russian-built Zarya control module with the U.S.-built Unity connecting module, an electronic still camera (ESC) was used to record this image of the approaching Zarya. Using the shuttle's 50-ft.-long Canadian-built robot arm, astronaut Nancy J. Currie, working from Endeavour's aft flight deck, plucked Zarya out of orbit at 5:47 p.m. (CST), Dec. 6. The craft had been orbiting Earth for a little over 16 days prior to the grapple and subsequent docking to Unity. This image was recorded at 23:02:06 GMT, Dec. 6.

MS Currie on aft flight deck with checklist

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-07

STS109-E-5681 (7 March 2002) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, remains very near the controls (upper left) for Columbia's Remote Manipulator System (RMS). On a week with one lengthy space walk per day, Currie has had her hands full with RMS duties to support the space walks of four crewmates. A short time later on this day, astronauts James H. Newman and Michael J. Massimino began EVA-4 and the duo required the services of Currie to control the robotic arm to maneuver them around the various work stations on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

STS-40 Spacelab Life Science 1 (SLS-1) module in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-06-14

STS040-612-005 (5-14 June 1991) --- This view showing the Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) module in Columbia's cargo bay was taken through windows on the aft flight deck. Under some lighting conditions the multi-layered Shuttle windows have internal reflections that provide a kaleidoscopic effect. In this image the sunrays as seen on the clouds also appear to be present in space. Note how the white sunlight toward the Sun at the Earth's limb becomes separated into the colors of the visible spectrum towards that part of the limb further into darkness due to atmosphere acting as a natural prism.

Spectral characteristics of Shuttle glow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Viereck, R. A.; Mende, S. B.; Murad, E.; Swenson, G. R.; Pike, C. P.; Culbertson, F. L.; Springer, R. C.

1992-01-01

The glowing cloud near the ram surfaces of the Space Shuttle was observed with a hand-held, intensified spectrograph operated by the astronauts from the aft-flight-deck of the Space Shuttle. The spectral measurements were made between 400 and 800 nm with a resolution of 3 nm. Analysis of the spectral response of the instrument and the transmission of the Shuttle window was performed on orbit using earth-airglow OH Meinel bands. This analysis resulted in a correction of the Shuttle glow intensity in the spectral region between 700 and 800 nm. The data presented in this report is in better agreement with laboratory measurements of the NO2 continuum.

Medium resolution spectra of the shuttle glow in the visible region of the spectrum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Viereck, R. A.; Murad, E.; Pike, C. P.; Mende, S. B.; Swenson, G. R.; Culbertson, F. L.; Springer, B. C.

1992-01-01

Recent spectral measurements of the visible shuttle glow (lambda = 400 - 800 nm) at medium resolution (1 nm) reveal the same featureless continuum with a maximum near 680 nm that was reported previously. This is also in good agreement with recent laboratory experiments that attribute the glow to the emissions of NO2 formed by the recombination of O + NO. The data that are presented were taken from the aft flight deck with a hand-held spectrograph and from the shuttle bay with a low-light-level television camera. Shuttle glow images and spectra are presented and compared with laboratory data and theory.

Checkout activity on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-12

S82-E-5016 (12 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Steven A. Hawley, STS-82 mission specialist, controls Discovery's Remote Manipulation System (RMS), from the aft flight deck. Hawley and his crew mates are preparing for a scheduled Extravehicular Activity (EVA) with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which will be pulled into the Space Shuttle Discovery's cargo bay with the aid of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). A series of EVA's will be required to properly service the giant telescope. Hawley served as a mission specialist on NASA's 1990 mission which was responsible for placing HST in Earth-orbit. This view was taken with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

33 CFR 183.210 - Reference areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Flotation Requirements for Outboard Boats Rated for Engines of More Than 2 Horsepower General § 183.210 Reference areas. (a) The forward reference area of a boat...) The aft reference area of a boat is the aft most two feet of the top surface of the hull or deck, as...

Interior and exterior fuselage noise measured on NASA's C-8a augmentor wing jet-STOL research aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shovlin, M. D.

1977-01-01

Interior and exterior fuselage noise levels were measured on NASA's C-8A Augmentor Wing Jet-STOL Research Aircraft in order to provide design information for the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA), which will use a modified C-8A fuselage. The noise field was mapped by 11 microphones located internally and externally in three areas: mid-fuselage, aft fuselage, and on the flight deck. Noise levels were recorded at four power settings varying from takeoff to flight idle and were plotted in one-third octave band spectra. The overall sound pressure levels of the external noise field were compared to previous tests and found to correlate well with engine primary thrust levels. Fuselage values were 145 + or - 3 dB over the aircraft's normal STOL operating range.

Operation and evaluation of the terminal configured vehicle mission simulator in an automated terminal area metering and spacing ATC environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houck, J. A.

1979-01-01

The development of a mission simulator for use in the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) program is outlined. The broad objectives of the TCV program are to evaluate new concepts in airborne systems and in operational flight procedures. These evaluations are directed toward improving terminal area capacity and efficiency, improving approach and landing capability in adverse weather, and reducing noise impact in the terminal area. A description is given of the design features and operating principles of the two major components of the TCV Mission Simulator: the TCV Aft Flight Deck Simulation and the Terminal Area Air Traffic Model Simulation, and their merger to form the TCV Mission Simulator. The first research study conducted in the Mission Simulator is presented along with some preliminary results.

AGOR 28: SIO Shipyard Representative Bi-Weekly Progress Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-27

the main deck DC equipment out of the deck locker and down to the first platform to provide better separation from DC Locker 1 and to provide better...access to the main machinery space aft. This also frees up space in the deck locker which was limited to start with. The following areas...of responsibility were identified by the government: Alion responsibility: - Update FCP with following changes - Move DC locker #2 from main

10. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR ENGINE CONTROL PANEL. DECKHOUSES, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT (STERN TO BOW), ARE AFT COMPANIONWAY, PILOTS' CABIN SKYLIGHT, ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT, AND GALLEY SKYLIGHT/COMPANIONWAY - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

Wind Tunnel Model Design for Sonic Boom Studies of Nozzle Jet with Shock Interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cliff, Susan E.; Denison, Marie; Sozer, Emre; Moini-Yekta, Shayan

2016-01-01

NASA and Industry are performing vehicle studies of configurations with low sonic boom pressure signatures. The computational analyses of modern configuration designs have matured to the point where there is confidence in the prediction of the pressure signature from the front of the vehicle, but uncertainty in the aft signatures with often greater boundary layer effects and nozzle jet pressures. Wind tunnel testing at significantly lower Reynolds numbers than in flight and without inlet and nozzle jet pressures make it difficult to accurately assess the computational solutions of flight vehicles. A wind tunnel test in the NASA Ames 9- by 7-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel from Mach 1.6 to 2.0 will be used to assess the effects of shocks from components passing through nozzle jet plumes on the sonic boom pressure signature and provide datasets for comparison with CFD codes. A large number of high-fidelity numerical simulations of wind tunnel test models with a variety of shock generators that simulate horizontal tails and aft decks have been studied to provide suitable models for sonic boom pressure measurements using a minimally intrusive pressure rail in the wind tunnel. The computational results are presented and the evolution of candidate wind tunnel models is summarized and discussed in this paper.

Cart3D Analysis of Plume and Shock Interaction Effects on Sonic Boom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castner, Raymond

2015-01-01

A plume and shock interaction study was developed to collect data and perform CFD on a configuration where a nozzle plume passed through the shock generated from the wing or tail of a supersonic vehicle. The wing or tail was simulated with a wedge-shaped shock generator. Three configurations were analyzed consisting of two strut mounted wedges and one propulsion pod with an aft deck from a low boom vehicle concept. Research efforts at NASA were intended to enable future supersonic flight over land in the United States. Two of these efforts provided data for regulatory change and enabled design of low boom aircraft. Research has determined that sonic boom is a function of aircraft lift and volume distribution. Through careful tailoring of these variables, the sonic boom of concept vehicles has been reduced. One aspect of vehicle tailoring involved how the aircraft engine exhaust interacted with aft surfaces on a supersonic aircraft, such as the tail and wing trailing edges. In this work, results from Euler CFD simulations are compared to experimental data collected on sub-scale components in a wind tunnel. Three configurations are studied to simulate the nozzle plume interaction with representative wing and tail surfaces. Results demonstrate how the plume and tail shock structure moves with increasing nozzle pressure ratio. The CFD captures the main features of the plume and shock interaction. Differences are observed in the plume and deck shock structure that warrant further research and investigation.

Hurricane Bonnie, Northeast of Bermuda, Atlantic Ocean

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-09-20

STS047-151-618 (19 Sept 1992) --- A large format Earth observation camera captured this scene of Hurricane Bonnie during the late phase of the mission. Bonnie was located about 500 miles from Bermuda near a point centered at 35.4 degrees north latitude and 56.8 degrees west longitude. The Linhof camera was aimed through one of Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck windows (note slight reflection at right). The crew members noticed the well defined eye in this hurricane, compared to an almost non-existent eye in the case of Hurricane Iniki, which was relatively broken up by the mission's beginning. Six NASA astronauts and a Japanese payload specialist conducted eight days of in-space research.

EVA 2 - MS Massimino waves to crewmates

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-05

STS109-E-5606 (5 March 2002) --- Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, mission specialist, waves to crewmates on the other side of the aft flight deck windows on Columbia, while equipped with his extravehicular mobility units (EMU) space suit and standing on the end of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm in the shuttle's cargo bay. This day's space walk went on to see astronauts James H. Newman and Massimino replace the port solar array on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), partially visible in the background. On the previous day astronauts John M. Grunsfeld and Richard M. Linnehan replaced the starboard solar array on the giant telescope. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

View of the FGB prior to rendezvous and grapple

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-12-06

S88-E-5047 (12-06-98) --- With Endeavour's astronauts waiting to mate the Russian-built Zarya control module with the U.S.-built Unity connecting module, an electronic still camera (ESC) was used to record this image of the approaching Zarya. A portion of Unity is in the foreground. Using the shuttle's 50-ft.-long Canadian-built robot arm, astronaut Nancy J. Currie, working from Endeavour's aft flight deck, plucked Zarya out of orbit at 5:47 p.m. (CST), Dec. 6. The craft had been orbiting Earth for a little over 16 days prior to the grapple and subsequent docking to Unity. This image was recorded at 23:11:05 GMT, Dec. 6.

49 CFR 1544.237 - Flight deck privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Flight deck privileges. 1544.237 Section 1544.237... COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.237 Flight deck privileges. (a) For each aircraft that has a door to the flight deck, each aircraft operator must restrict access to the flight deck as provided in its...

49 CFR 1544.237 - Flight deck privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flight deck privileges. 1544.237 Section 1544.237... COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.237 Flight deck privileges. (a) For each aircraft that has a door to the flight deck, each aircraft operator must restrict access to the flight deck as provided in its...

49 CFR 1544.237 - Flight deck privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flight deck privileges. 1544.237 Section 1544.237... COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.237 Flight deck privileges. (a) For each aircraft that has a door to the flight deck, each aircraft operator must restrict access to the flight deck as provided in its...

49 CFR 1544.237 - Flight deck privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flight deck privileges. 1544.237 Section 1544.237... COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.237 Flight deck privileges. (a) For each aircraft that has a door to the flight deck, each aircraft operator must restrict access to the flight deck as provided in its...

49 CFR 1544.237 - Flight deck privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flight deck privileges. 1544.237 Section 1544.237... COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.237 Flight deck privileges. (a) For each aircraft that has a door to the flight deck, each aircraft operator must restrict access to the flight deck as provided in its...

Summary of NACA/NASA Variable-Sweep Research and Development Leading to the F-111 (TFX)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

On November 24, 1962, the United States ushered in a new era of aircraft development when the Department of Defense placed an initial development contract for the world's first supersonic variable-sweep aircraft - the F-111 or so-called TFX (tactical fighter-experimental). The multimission performance potential of this concept is made possible by virtue of the variable-sweep wing - a research development of the NASA and its predecessor, the NACA. With the wing swept forward into the maximum span position, the aircraft configuration is ideal for efficient subsonic flight. This provides long-range combat and ferry mission capability, short-field landing and take-off characteristics, and compatibility with naval aircraft carrier operation. With the wing swept back to about 650 of sweep, the aircraft has optimum supersonic performance to accomplish high-altitude supersonic bombing or interceptor missions. With the wing folded still further back, the aircraft provides low drag and low gust loads during supersonic flight "on the deck" (altitudes under 1000 feet). The concept of wing variable sweep, of course, is not new. Initial studies were conducted at Langley as early as 1945, and two subsonic variable-sweep prototypes (Bell X-5 and Grumman XF-IOF) were flown as early as 1951/52. These were subsonic aircraft, however, and the great advantage of variable sweep in improving supersonic flight efficiency could not be realized. Further the structures of these early aircraft were complicated by the necessity for translating the ing fore and aft to achieve satisfactory longitUdinal stability as the wing sweep was varied. Late in 1958 a research breakthrough at Langley provided the technology for designing a variable-sweep wing having satisfactory stability through a wide sweep angle range without the necessity for fore and aft translation of the wing. In this same period there evolved within the military services an urgent requirement for a versatile fighter-bomber that could fly efficiently at subsonic and supersonic speeds at high altitude and "on the deck". The application of variable sweep to this mission requirement then became obvious.

STS-114 Flight Day 3 Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Video coverage of Day 3 includes highlights of STS-114 during the approach and docking of Discovery with the International Space Station (ISS). The Return to Flight continues with space shuttle crew members (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) seen in onboard activities on the fore and aft portions of the flight deck during the orbiter's approach. Camarda sends a greeting to his family, and Collins maneuvers Discovery as the ISS appears steadily closer in sequential still video from the centerline camera of the Orbiter Docking System. The approach includes video of Discovery from the ISS during the orbiter's Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver, giving the ISS a clear view of the thermal protection systems underneath the orbiter. Discovery docks with the Destiny Laboratory of the ISS, and the shuttle crew greets the Expedition 11 crew (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) of the ISS onboard the station. Finally, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System hands the Orbiter Boom Sensor System to its counterpart, the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System.

View forward to aft of dynamo room (compartment A21) showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View forward to aft of dynamo room (compartment A-21) showing port ventilation fan; electrical generator is at left center of photograph. Platform for generator is at bottom center of photograph. Hatch for passing powder up from magazine is located just above the generator base. Frames support armored protective deck. (018) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

13. Coal ejectors mounted on aft bulkhead of coal bunker. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Coal ejectors mounted on aft bulkhead of coal bunker. Ejectors were used to flush overboard live coals and clinkers from firebed (pipe for carrying coals overboard has been removed from ejector in foreground). Coal doors from bunker appear beside ejector in foreground). Coal doors from bunker appear beside ejectors at deck; note firing shovels in background against hull. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

Compartment A19, paint & oils locker from bulkhead #9 aft ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Compartment A-19, paint & oils locker from bulkhead #9 aft to forward; wood storage shelves at center of photograph are for storing containers. Sea valve at lower right is on the starboard side. This would be opened if it was necessary to scuttle the vessel. Heavy frame marked "A-2" supports armored protective deck. (03) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Wind Tunnel Model Design for Sonic Boom Studies of Nozzle Jet Flows with Shock Interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cliff, Susan E.; Denison, Marie; Moini-Yekta, Shayan; Morr, Donald E.; Durston, Donald A.

2016-01-01

NASA and the U.S. aerospace industry are performing studies of supersonic aircraft concepts with low sonic boom pressure signatures. The computational analyses of modern aircraft designs have matured to the point where there is confidence in the prediction of the pressure signature from the front of the vehicle, but uncertainty remains in the aft signatures due to boundary layer and nozzle exhaust jet effects. Wind tunnel testing without inlet and nozzle exhaust jet effects at lower Reynolds numbers than in-flight make it difficult to accurately assess the computational solutions of flight vehicles. A wind tunnel test in the NASA Ames 9- by 7-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel is planned for February 2016 to address the nozzle jet effects on sonic boom. The experiment will provide pressure signatures of test articles that replicate waveforms from aircraft wings, tails, and aft fuselage (deck) components after passing through cold nozzle jet plumes. The data will provide a variety of nozzle plume and shock interactions for comparison with computational results. A large number of high-fidelity numerical simulations of a variety of shock generators were evaluated to define a reduced collection of suitable test models. The computational results of the candidate wind tunnel test models as they evolved are summarized, and pre-test computations of the final designs are provided.

STS-35 ASTRO-1 telescopes documented in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-13-008 (2-10 Dec. 1990) --- The various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against the blue and white Earth in this 35mm scene photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab Pallet in the foreground. The Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind this pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the "Igloo," which is a pressurized container housing the Command and Data Management System, which interfaces with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes.

Future Flight Decks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arbuckle, P. Douglas; Abbott, Kathy H.; Abbott, Terence S.; Schutte, Paul C.

1998-01-01

The evolution of commercial transport flight deck configurations over the past 20-30 years and expected future developments are described. Key factors in the aviation environment are identified that the authors expect will significantly affect flight deck designers. One of these is the requirement for commercial aviation accident rate reduction, which is probably required if global commercial aviation is to grow as projected. Other factors include the growing incrementalism in flight deck implementation, definition of future airspace operations, and expectations of a future pilot corps that will have grown up with computers. Future flight deck developments are extrapolated from observable factors in the aviation environment, recent research results in the area of pilot-centered flight deck systems, and by considering expected advances in technology that are being driven by other than aviation requirements. The authors hypothesize that revolutionary flight deck configuration changes will be possible with development of human-centered flight deck design methodologies that take full advantage of commercial and/or entertainment-driven technologies.

14 CFR 125.315 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 125.315 Section...,000 POUNDS OR MORE; AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT Flight Operations § 125.315 Admission to flight deck. (a) No person may admit any person to the flight deck of an airplane unless the...

14 CFR 125.315 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 125.315 Section...,000 POUNDS OR MORE; AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT Flight Operations § 125.315 Admission to flight deck. (a) No person may admit any person to the flight deck of an airplane unless the...

14 CFR 125.315 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 125.315 Section...,000 POUNDS OR MORE; AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT Flight Operations § 125.315 Admission to flight deck. (a) No person may admit any person to the flight deck of an airplane unless the...

Thermal Assessment of Sunlight Impinging on OSIRIS-REx OCAMS PolyCam, OTES, and IMU-Sunshade MLI Blankets in Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choi, Michael K.

2017-01-01

The NASA Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft was successfully launched into orbit on September 8, 2016. It is traveling to a near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu, study it in detail, and bring back a pristine sample to Earth for scientific analyses. At the Outbound Cruise nominal spacecraft attitude, with Sun on +X, sunlight impinges on the OSIRIS-REx camera suite (OCAMS) PolyCam sunshade multilayer insulation (MLI) with microporous black polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a portion of the PolyCam optics support tube (MLI with germanium black Kapton (GBK)), a portion of the OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) sunshade (MLI with GBK), the Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) sunshade (MLI with GBK), and the OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) sunshade (MLI with GBK). Sunlight is reflected or scattered by the above MLIs to the other components on the forward (+Z) deck. It illuminates the forward deck. A detailed thermal assessment on the solar impingement has been performed for the Proximity Ops at the asteroid, Touch-and-Go (TAG) sample acquisition, and Return Cruise mission phases.The OSIRIS-REx Outbound Cruise flight temperature telemetry and USM_3_DPC_0_CURRENT flight currenttelemetry data have been analyzed. It is evident that at the nominal Outbound Cruise spacecraft Sun-pointing attitude(i.e., Sun on +X), sunlight impinging on the PolyCam, OTES, IMU-sunshade and OLA-sunshade MLIs is reflected orscattered to the forward deck and components on the forward deck. It illuminates the forward deck. The StowCam imageof Day 265 2016 also provided an evidence. The reflected or scattered sunlight cause warming to the forward deck andcomponents on its +Z side. It may also contribute to degradation of thermal coatings over the mission life. It is a factorthat the OVIRS detector operating temperature exceeds the 105K maximum AFT limit. The OVIRS PrincipalInvestigator indicated that it is not optimum but acceptable for science. With exception of the OVIRS detector, thecorrelated flight system thermal model predictions for the components on the forward deck have adequate margins in theProximity Ops, TAG and Return Cruise phases. The margins are expected to cover the warming caused by the solarimpingement and the contribution to degradation of thermal coatings. The solar impingement is not expected to be athermal risk to the OSIRIS-REx mission. The second SRC Optical Properties characterization will be repeated in theReturn Cruise to provide a good characterization of any changes in optical properties that might have occurred duringthe TAG, or during several years in space. If the SRC battery runs much warmer than that of the first characterization inthe Outbound Cruise, it will be necessary to make some changes to the SRC Release timeline to assure the SRC batterytemperature are within limits. If GBK, instead of microporous black PTFE, were used on the PolyCam sunshade MLI,much more sunlight would have been reflected or scattered to the forward deck and components on its +Z side.Microporous black PTFE should be considered to mitigate the optical and thermal issues of sunlight reflected/scatteredby MLI blankets in future missions.

Space Shuttle Projects

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-07

Inside the Space Shuttle Columbia's cabin, astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, controlled the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the crew cabin's aft flight deck to assist fellow astronauts during the STS-109 mission Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA). The RMS was used to capture the telescope and secure it into Columbia's cargo bay. The Space Shuttle Columbia STS-109 mission lifted off March 1, 2002 with goals of repairing and upgrading the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama had the responsibility for the design, development, and construction of the HST, which is the most powerful and sophisticated telescope ever built. STS-109 upgrades to the HST included: replacement of the solar array panels; replacement of the power control unit (PCU); replacement of the Faint Object Camera (FOC) with a new advanced camera for Surveys (ACS); and installation of the experimental cooling system for the Hubble's Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-object Spectrometer (NICMOS), which had been dormant since January 1999 when its original coolant ran out. Lasting 10 days, 22 hours, and 11 minutes, the STS-109 mission was the 108th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle Program.

Cognitive representations of flight-deck information attributes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ricks, Wendell R.; Jonsson, Jon E.; Rogers, William H.

1994-01-01

A large number of aviation issues are generically being called fligh-deck information management issues, underscoring the need for an organization or classification structure. One objective of this study was to empirically determine how pilots organize flight-deck information attributes and -- based upon that data -- develop a useful taxonomy (in terms of better understanding the problems and directing solutions) for classifying flight-deck information management issues. This study also empirically determined how pilots model the importance of flight-deck information attributes for managing information. The results of this analysis suggest areas in which flight-deck researchers and designers may wish to consider focusing their efforts.

14 CFR 121.547 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... is directly related to the conduct or planning of flight operations or the in-flight monitoring of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 121.547 Section... REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.547 Admission to flight deck...

14 CFR 121.547 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... is directly related to the conduct or planning of flight operations or the in-flight monitoring of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 121.547 Section... REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.547 Admission to flight deck...

14 CFR 121.547 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... is directly related to the conduct or planning of flight operations or the in-flight monitoring of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 121.547 Section... REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.547 Admission to flight deck...

14 CFR 121.547 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... is directly related to the conduct or planning of flight operations or the in-flight monitoring of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 121.547 Section... REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.547 Admission to flight deck...

14 CFR 121.547 - Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... is directly related to the conduct or planning of flight operations or the in-flight monitoring of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Admission to flight deck. 121.547 Section... REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.547 Admission to flight deck...

Hadfield, Helms and Voss work on the SSRMS controls in Destiny

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-28

S100-E-5884 (28 April 2001) --- Some of the principal participants of an historical event are pictured in the Destiny laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). From left to right are astronauts Chris A. Hadfield, STS-100 mission specialist, and astronauts Susan J. Helms and James S. Voss, Expedition Two flight engineers. A Canadian “handshake in space” occurred at 4:02 p.m (CDT), April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm – operated by Helms – transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour’s robotic arm, with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Hadfield at the controls. In this scene, Hadfield has temporarily vacated his post on Endeavour's aft flight deck and was having a brief strategy meeting with the Expedition Two crew on the docked station. The exchange of the pallet from station arm to shuttle arm marked the first ever robotic-to-robotic transfer in space. This image was recorded with a digital still camera.

Expedition Two Voss at SSRMS controls with Hadfield and Helms in Destiny module

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-22

ISS002-303-036 (28 April 2001) --- Some of the principal participants of an historical event are pictured in the Destiny laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). In the foreground is astronaut James S. Voss, with astronaut Chris A. Hadfield, STS-100 mission specialist, at center, and astronaut Susan J. Helms in the background. Voss and Helms are Expedition Two flight engineers. A Canadian "handshake in space" occurred at 4:02 p.m (CDT), April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm -- operated by Helms -- transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour's robotic arm, with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Hadfield at the controls. In this scene, Hadfield had temporarily vacated his post on Endeavour's aft flight deck and was having a brief strategy meeting with the Expedition Two crew on the docked station. The exchange of the pallet from station arm to shuttle arm marked the first ever robotic-to-robotic transfer in space.

Computational Study of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring using Separation Control in a Nozzle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deere, Karen; Berrier, Bobby L.; Flamm, Jeffrey D.; Johnson, Stuart K.

2003-01-01

A computational investigation of a two- dimensional nozzle was completed to assess the use of fluidic injection to manipulate flow separation and cause thrust vectoring of the primary jet thrust. The nozzle was designed with a recessed cavity to enhance the throat shifting method of fluidic thrust vectoring. The structured-grid, computational fluid dynamics code PAB3D was used to guide the design and analyze over 60 configurations. Nozzle design variables included cavity convergence angle, cavity length, fluidic injection angle, upstream minimum height, aft deck angle, and aft deck shape. All simulations were computed with a static freestream Mach number of 0.05. a nozzle pressure ratio of 3.858, and a fluidic injection flow rate equal to 6 percent of the primary flow rate. Results indicate that the recessed cavity enhances the throat shifting method of fluidic thrust vectoring and allows for greater thrust-vector angles without compromising thrust efficiency.

11. VIEW FROM JUST AFT OF THE KING POST IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. VIEW FROM JUST AFT OF THE KING POST IN THE FOC'S'LE OF THE EVELINA M. GOULART. FIRE EXTINGUISHER IS MOUNTED ON STUB OF FOREMAST. OBJECT AT LOWER LEFT IS A FOLDING MESS TABLE. LADDER LEADS TO DECK. CABINET AT RIGHT CENTER HOUSED SINK FOR CLEAN-UP AND COOKING. A SMALL CHINA SINK AT RIGHT CENTER SERVED FOR PERSONAL CLEAN-UP AND SHAVING. - Auxiliary Fishing Schooner "Evelina M. Goulart", Essex Shipbuilding Museum, 66 Main Street, Essex, Essex County, MA

Functional categories for future flight deck designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Terence S.

1993-01-01

With the addition of each new system on the flight deck, the danger of increasing overall operator workload while reducing crew understanding of critical mission information exists. The introduction of more powerful onboard computers, larger databases, and the increased use of electronic display media may lead to a situation of flight deck 'sophistication' at the expense of losses in flight crew capabilities and situational awareness. To counter this potentially negative impact of new technology, research activities are underway to reassess the flight deck design process. The fundamental premise of these activities is that a human-centered, systems-oriented approach to the development of advanced civil aircraft flight decks will be required for future designs to remain ergonomically sound and economically competitive. One of the initial steps in an integrated flight deck process is to define the primary flight deck functions needed to support the mission goals of the vehicle. This would allow the design team to evaluate candidate concepts in relation to their effectiveness in meeting the functional requirements. In addition, this would provide a framework to aid in categorizing and bookkeeping all of the activities that are required to be performed on the flight deck, not just activities of the crew or of a specific system. This could then allow for a better understanding and allocation of activities in the design, an understanding of the impact of a specific system on overall system performance, and an awareness of the total crew performance requirements for the design. One candidate set of functional categories that could be used to guide an advanced flight deck design are described.

The Surface Warfare Test Ship

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-26

Dimensions: 194 x 228 in (including pedestal) "* Antenna weight: 5684 lbs (above deck), 24,018 (below deck) The aft mast (Figure 7-3) is modified to...d) The OJ- 194 console is laid-up. e) The bridge wing bulkheads are extended completely around the wings for RCS reduction. f) Two 30-person life...CE’s taps these monitored signals and transmit the data to the ITCS workstation. "* A control element activates HALON and AFFF bilge sprinkling

Boeing flight deck design philosophy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoll, Harty

1990-01-01

Information relative to Boeing flight deck design philosophy is given in viewgraph form. Flight deck design rules, design considerations, functions allocated to the crew, redundancy and automation concerns, and examples of accident data that were reviewed are listed.

75 FR 52591 - Seventh Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held September 14-15, 2010. September...

Surrounded by work platforms, the full-scale Orion AFT crew module (center) is undergoing preparations for the first flight test of Orion's launch abort system.

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-20

Surrounded by work platforms, NASA's first full-scale Orion abort flight test (AFT) crew module (center) is undergoing preparations at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California for the first flight test of Orion's launch abort system.

Flight Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky L.; Bakowski, Deborah L.

2017-01-01

Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO) is a future concept for surface operations where time requirements are incorporated into taxi operations to support surface planning and coordination. Pilot-in-the-loop flight deck simulations have been conducted to study flight deck displays algorithms to aid pilots in complying with the time requirements of time-based taxi operations (i.e., at discrete locations in 3 12 D operations or at all points along the route in 4DT operations). The results of these studies (conformance, time-of-arrival error, eye-tracking data, and safety ratings) are presented. Flight deck simulation work done in collaboration with DLR is described. Flight deck research issues in future auto-taxi operations are also introduced.

Dynamic perception of dynamic affordances: walking on a ship at sea.

PubMed

Walter, Hannah; Wagman, Jeffrey B; Stergiou, Nick; Erkmen, Nurtekin; Stoffregen, Thomas A

2017-02-01

Motion of the surface of the sea (waves, and swell) causes oscillatory motion of ships at sea. Generally, ships are longer than they are wide. One consequence of this structural difference is that oscillatory ship motion typically will be greater in roll (i.e., the ship rolling from side to side) than in pitch (i.e., the bow and stern rising and falling). For persons on ships at sea, affordances for walking on the open deck should be differentially influenced by ship motion in roll and pitch. Specifically, the minimum width of a walkable path should be greater when walking along the ship's short, or athwart axis than when walking along its long, or fore-aft axis. On a ship at sea, we evaluated the effects of walking in different directions (fore-aft vs. athwart) on actual walking performance. We did this by laying out narrow paths on the deck and asking participants (experienced maritime crewmembers) to walk as far as they could while remaining within the lateral path boundaries. As predicted, participants walked farther along the athwart path than along the fore-aft path. Before actual walking, we evaluated participants' judgments of their walking ability in the fore-aft and athwart directions. These judgments mirrored the observed differences in walking performance, and the accuracy of judgments did not differ between the two directions. We conclude that experienced maritime crewmembers were sensitive to affordances for walking in which the relevant properties of the environment were exclusively dynamic.

Dynamic perception of dynamic affordances: walking on a ship at sea

PubMed Central

Walter, Hannah; Wagman, Jeffrey B.; Stergiou, Nick; Erkmen, Nurtekin

2017-01-01

Motion of the surface of the sea (waves, and swell) causes oscillatory motion of ships at sea. Generally, ships are longer than they are wide. One consequence of this structural difference is that oscillatory ship motion typically will be greater in roll (i.e., the ship rolling from side to side) than in pitch (i.e., the bow and stern rising and falling). For persons on ships at sea, affordances for walking on the open deck should be differentially influenced by ship motion in roll and pitch. Specifically, the minimum width of a walkable path should be greater when walking along the ship’s short, or athwart axis than when walking along its long, or fore-aft axis. On a ship at sea, we evaluated the effects of walking in different directions (fore-aft vs. athwart) on actual walking performance. We did this by laying out narrow paths on the deck and asking participants (experienced maritime crewmembers) to walk as far as they could while remaining within the lateral path boundaries. As predicted, participants walked farther along the athwart path than along the fore-aft path. Before actual walking, we evaluated participants’ judgments of their walking ability in the fore-aft and athwart directions. These judgments mirrored the observed differences in walking performance, and the accuracy of judgments did not differ between the two directions. We conclude that experienced maritime crewmembers were sensitive to affordances for walking in which the relevant properties of the environment were exclusively dynamic. PMID:27787584

75 FR 9016 - Fifth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held March 16-17, 2010. March 16th...

76 FR 38741 - Tenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held July 19-20, from 9:00 a.m. to 5...

76 FR 22163 - Ninth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-20

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held May 10-11, 2011, from 9 a.m. to 5...

75 FR 29810 - Sixth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

... 221: Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. AGENCY: Federal... Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice... Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedures. DATES: The meeting will be held June 15-16, 2010. June 15th from...

Pilot Fullerton points Hasselblad camera out forward flight deck window W6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Pilot Fullerton, wearing communications kit assembly (ASSY) mini headset (HDST), points Hasselblad camera out forward flight deck pilots station window W6. Forward flight deck control panels F4, F8, and R1, flight mirror assy, Volume R5 Kit, and pilots ejection seat (S2) headrest appear in view.

123. FORWARD PORT VIEW OF THE ISLAND WITH FLIGHT DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

123. FORWARD PORT VIEW OF THE ISLAND WITH FLIGHT DECK GUN MOUNTS, TAKEN FROM FORWARD FLIGHT DECK. APRIL 1945, (NATIONAL ARCHIVES NO. 80-G-469299) - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

76 FR 50 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A310 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-03

...; or long range use, AFT exceeding 3.6 hours. Table 1--Compliance Times for Paragraph (g) of This AD... flight time (AFT) equal to or less than 3.6 hours; or long range use, AFT exceeding 3.6 hours. Table 2... or 30,300 flight hours, whichever occurs first. Configurations 06, 07, and 08 long range Detailed...

Cognitive models of pilot categorization and prioritization of flight-deck information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jonsson, Jon E.; Ricks, Wendell R.

1995-01-01

In the past decade, automated systems on modern commercial flight decks have increased dramatically. Pilots now regularly interact and share tasks with these systems. This interaction has led human factors research to direct more attention to the pilot's cognitive processing and mental model of the information flow occurring on the flight deck. The experiment reported herein investigated how pilots mentally represent and process information typically available during flight. Fifty-two commercial pilots participated in tasks that required them to provide similarity ratings for pairs of flight-deck information and to prioritize this information under two contextual conditions. Pilots processed the information along three cognitive dimensions. These dimensions included the flight function and the flight action that the information supported and how frequently pilots refer to the information. Pilots classified the information as aviation, navigation, communications, or systems administration information. Prioritization results indicated a high degree of consensus among pilots, while scaling results revealed two dimensions along which information is prioritized. Pilot cognitive workload for flight-deck tasks and the potential for using these findings to operationalize cognitive metrics are evaluated. Such measures may be useful additions for flight-deck human performance evaluation.

Extended analytical study of the free-wing/free-trimmer concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Porter, R. F.; Hall, D. W.; Vergara, R. D.

1979-01-01

The free wing/free trimmer concept was analytically studied in order to: (1) compare the fore and aft trimmer configurations on the basis of equal lift capability, rather than equal area; (2) assess the influence of tip mounted aft trimmers, both free and fixed, on the lateral directional modes and turbulence responses; (3) examine the feasibility of using differential tip mounted trimmer deflection for lateral control; (4) determine the effects of independent fuselage attitude on the lateral directional behavior; and (5) estimate the influence of wing sweep on dynamic behavior and structural weight. Results indicate that the forward trimmer concept is feasible with the reduced size examined, but it remains inferior to the aft trimmer in every respect except structural weight. Differential motion of the aft trimmer is found to provide powerful lateral control; while the effect of fuselage deck angle is a reduction of the dutch roll damping ratio for nose-down attitudes.

External Vision Systems (XVS) Proof-of-Concept Flight Test Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shelton, Kevin J.; Williams, Steven P.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Prinzel, Lawrence, III; Bailey, Randall E.

2014-01-01

NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program, High Speed Project is performing research, development, test and evaluation of flight deck and related technologies to support future low-boom, supersonic configurations (without forward-facing windows) by use of an eXternal Vision System (XVS). The challenge of XVS is to determine a combination of sensor and display technologies which can provide an equivalent level of safety and performance to that provided by forward-facing windows in today's aircraft. This flight test was conducted with the goal of obtaining performance data on see-and-avoid and see-to-follow traffic using a proof-of-concept XVS design in actual flight conditions. Six data collection flights were flown in four traffic scenarios against two different sized participating traffic aircraft. This test utilized a 3x1 array of High Definition (HD) cameras, with a fixed forward field-of-view, mounted on NASA Langley's UC-12 test aircraft. Test scenarios, with participating NASA aircraft serving as traffic, were presented to two evaluation pilots per flight - one using the proof-of-concept (POC) XVS and the other looking out the forward windows. The camera images were presented on the XVS display in the aft cabin with Head-Up Display (HUD)-like flight symbology overlaying the real-time imagery. The test generated XVS performance data, including comparisons to natural vision, and post-run subjective acceptability data were also collected. This paper discusses the flight test activities, its operational challenges, and summarizes the findings to date.

Definition of the 2005 flight deck environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alter, K. W.; Regal, D. M.

1992-01-01

A detailed description of the functional requirements necessary to complete any normal commercial flight or to handle any plausible abnormal situation is provided. This analysis is enhanced with an examination of possible future developments and constraints in the areas of air traffic organization and flight deck technologies (including new devices and procedures) which may influence the design of 2005 flight decks. This study includes a discussion on the importance of a systematic approach to identifying and solving flight deck information management issues, and a description of how the present work can be utilized as part of this approach. While the intent of this study was to investigate issues surrounding information management in 2005-era supersonic commercial transports, this document may be applicable to any research endeavor related to future flight deck system design in either supersonic or subsonic airplane development.

Wearable Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Amanda

2013-01-01

Wearable technology projects, to be useful, in the future, must be seamlessly integrated with the Flight Deck of the Future (F.F). The lab contains mockups of space vehicle cockpits, habitat living quarters, and workstations equipped with novel user interfaces. The Flight Deck of the Future is one element of the Integrated Power, Avionics, and Software (IPAS) facility, which, to a large extent, manages the F.F network and data systems. To date, integration with the Flight Deck of the Future has been limited by a lack of tools and understanding of the Flight Deck of the Future data handling systems. To remedy this problem it will be necessary to learn how data is managed in the Flight Deck of the Future and to develop tools or interfaces that enable easy integration of WEAR Lab and EV3 products into the Flight Deck of the Future mockups. This capability is critical to future prototype integration, evaluation, and demonstration. This will provide the ability for WEAR Lab products, EV3 human interface prototypes, and technologies from other JSC organizations to be evaluated and tested while in the Flight Deck of the Future. All WEAR Lab products must be integrated with the interface that will connect them to the Flight Deck of the Future. The WEAR Lab products will primarily be programmed in Arduino. Arduino will be used for the development of wearable controls and a tactile communication garment. Arduino will also be used in creating wearable methane detection and warning system.

Hot streak characterization in serpentine exhaust nozzles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowe, Darrell S.

Modern aircraft of the United States Air Force face increasingly demanding cost, weight, and survivability requirements. Serpentine exhaust nozzles within an embedded engine allow a weapon system to fulfill mission survivability requirements by providing denial of direct line-of-sight into the high-temperature components of the engine. Recently, aircraft have experienced material degradation and failure along the aft deck due to extreme thermal loading. Failure has occurred in specific regions along the aft deck where concentrations of hot gas have come in contact with the surface causing hot streaks. The prevention of these failures will be aided by the accurate prediction of hot streaks. Additionally, hot streak prediction will improve future designs by identifying areas of the nozzle and aft deck surfaces that require thermal management. To this end, the goal of this research is to observe and characterize the underlying flow physics of hot streak phenomena. The goal is accomplished by applying computational fluid dynamics to determine how hot streak phenomena is affected by changes in nozzle geometry. The present research first validates the computational methods using serpentine inlet experimental and computational studies. A design methodology is then established for creating six serpentine exhaust nozzles investigated in this research. A grid independent solution is obtained on a nozzle using several figures of merit and the grid-convergence index method. An investigation into the application of a second-order closure turbulence model is accomplished. Simulations are performed for all serpentine nozzles at two flow conditions. The research introduces a set of characterization and performance parameters based on the temperature distribution and flow conditions at the nozzle throat and exit. Examination of the temperature distribution on the upper and lower nozzle surfaces reveals critical information concerning changes in hot streak phenomena due to changes in nozzle geometry.

77 FR 41041 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... terminal ``A'' of the electrically heated flight deck window 1. This AD requires repetitive inspections for damage of the electrical connections at terminal ``A'' of the left and right flight deck window 1, and corrective actions if necessary. This AD also allows for replacing a flight deck window 1 with a new improved...

The Cognitive Consequences of Patterns of Information Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutchins, Edwin

1999-01-01

The flight deck of a modern commercial airliner is a complex system consisting of two or more crew and a suite of technological devices. The flight deck of the state-of-the-art Boeing 747-400 is shown. When everything goes right, all modern flight decks are easy to use. When things go sour, however, automated flight decks provide opportunities for new kinds of problems. A recent article in Aviation Week cited industry concern over the problem of verifying the safety of complex systems on automated, digital aircraft, stating that the industry must "guard against the kind of incident in which people and the automation seem to mismanage a minor occurrence or non-routine situation into larger trouble." The design of automated flight deck systems that flight crews find easy to use safely is a challenge in part because this design activity requires a theoretical perspective which can simultaneously cover the interactions of people with each other and with technology. In this paper, some concepts that can be used to understand the flight deck as a system that is composed of two or more pilots and a complex suite of automated devices is introduced.

Drill Ship Glomar Java Sea, O.N. 568182, Capsizing and Sinking in the South China Sea, on 25 October 1983 with Multiple Loss of Life

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-28

drilling mud tanks . * Continuing forward were the mud and cement pump room, bulk dry mud and cement storage , and ballast tanks . Also in the forward...including double bottom tanks throughout most of the vessel’s length, storage areas, and workshops. Above the main deck, aft, above the machinery spaces...elevated flat for storage of well casing. The drill floor with the draw works, rotary and associated equipment, was located at the superstructure deck

Flight Deck-Based Delegated Separation: Evaluation of an On-Board Interval Management System with Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Norman, Rober M.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Barmore, Bryan E.

2011-01-01

An emerging Next Generation Air Transportation System concept - Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) - can be achieved using an electronic means to provide sufficient visibility of the external world and other required flight references on flight deck displays that enable the safety, operational tempos, and visual flight rules (VFR)-like procedures for all weather conditions. Synthetic and enhanced flight vision system technologies are critical enabling technologies to EVO. Current research evaluated concepts for flight deck-based interval management (FIM) operations, integrated with Synthetic Vision and Enhanced Vision flight-deck displays and technologies. One concept involves delegated flight deck-based separation, in which the flight crews were paired with another aircraft and responsible for spacing and maintaining separation from the paired aircraft, termed, "equivalent visual separation." The operation required the flight crews to acquire and maintain an "equivalent visual contact" as well as to conduct manual landings in low-visibility conditions. The paper describes results that evaluated the concept of EVO delegated separation, including an off-nominal scenario in which the lead aircraft was not able to conform to the assigned spacing resulting in a loss of separation.

Developing and utilizing an Euler computational method for predicting the airframe/propulsion effects for an aft-mounted turboprop transport. Volume 2: User guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, H. C.; Neback, H. E.; Kao, T. J.; Yu, N. Y.; Kusunose, K.

1991-01-01

This manual explains how to use an Euler based computational method for predicting the airframe/propulsion integration effects for an aft-mounted turboprop transport. The propeller power effects are simulated by the actuator disk concept. This method consists of global flow field analysis and the embedded flow solution for predicting the detailed flow characteristics in the local vicinity of an aft-mounted propfan engine. The computational procedure includes the use of several computer programs performing four main functions: grid generation, Euler solution, grid embedding, and streamline tracing. This user's guide provides information for these programs, including input data preparations with sample input decks, output descriptions, and sample Unix scripts for program execution in the UNICOS environment.

STS-37 Commander Nagel in commanders seat on OV-104's flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-37 Commander Steven R. Nagel, wearing launch and entry suit (LES), sits at commanders station on the forward flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Surrounding Nagel are the seat headrest, control panels, checklists, forward flight deck windows, and three drinking water containers with straws attached to forward panel F2.

Surrounded by work platforms, the full-scale Orion AFT crew module (center) is undergoing preparations for the first flight test of Orion's launch abort system.

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-20

Surrounded by work platforms, NASA's first full-scale Orion abort flight test (AFT) crew module (center) is undergoing preparations at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California for the first flight test of Orion's launch abort system. To the left is a space shuttle orbiter purge vehicle sharing the hangar.

Low speed wind tunnel test of ground proximity and deck edge effects on a lift cruise fan V/STOL configuration, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stewart, V. R.

1979-01-01

The characteristics were determined of a lift cruise fan V/STOL multi-mission configuration in the near proximity to the edge of a small flat surface representation of a ship deck. Tests were conducted at both static and forward speed test conditions. The model (0.12 scale) tested was a four fan configuration with modifications to represent a three fan configuration. Analysis of data showed that the deck edge effects were in general less critical in terms of differences from free air than a full deck (in ground effect) configuration. The one exception to this was when the aft edge of the deck was located under the center of gravity. This condition, representative of an approach from the rear, showed a significant lift loss. Induced moments were generally small compared to the single axis control power requirements, but will likely add to the pilot work load.

Payload specialist station study. Volume 3: Program study cost estimates. Part 1: Work breakdown structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The work breakdown structure (WBS) for the Payload Specialist Station (PSS) is presented. The WBS is divided into two elements--PSS contractor and mission unique requirements. In accordance with the study ground rules, it is assumed that a single contractor, hereafter referred to as PSS Contractor will perform the following: (1) provide C and D hardware (MFDS and elements of MMSE), except for GFE; (2) identify software requirements; (3) provide GSE and ground test software; and (4) perform systems engineering and integration in support of the Aft Flight Deck (AFD) C and D concept. The PSS Contractor WBS element encompasses a core or standardized PSS concept. Payload peculiar C and D requirements identified by users will originate as a part of the WBS element mission unique requirements; these requirements will be provided to the PSS Contractor for implementation.

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-09-01

Japanese astronaut, Mamoru Mohri, talks to Japanese students from the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour during the Spacelab-J (SL-J) mission. The SL-J mission was a joint venture between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) utilizing a marned Spacelab module. The mission conducted 24 materials science and 20 life science experiments, of which 35 were sponsored by NASDA, 7 by NASA, and two collaborative efforts. Materials science investigations covered such fields as biotechnology, electronic materials, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena, glasses and ceramics, metals and alloys, and acceleration measurements. Life sciences included experiments on human health, cell separation and biology, developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space radiation, and biological rhythms. Test subjects included the crew, Japanese koi fish (carp), cultured animal and plant cells, chicken embryos, fruit flies, fungi and plant seeds, and frogs and frog eggs. Spacelab-J was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour on September 12, 1992.

Satellite deployment during STS-5

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-11-17

S82-39793 (11 Nov. 1982) --- The Satellite Business Systems (SBS-3) spacecraft springs from its protective ?cradle? in the cargo bay of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia and head toward a series of maneuvers that will eventually place it in a geosynchronous orbit. This moment marks a milestone for the Space Transportation System (STS) program, as the placement of the communications satellites represents the first deployment of a commercial satellite from an orbiting space vehicle. Part of Columbia?s wings can be seen on both the port and starboard sides. Also both orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods are seen at center. The vertical stabilizer is obscured by the satellite. The closed protective cradle device shielding Telesat Canada?s ANIK C-3 spacecraft is seen between the other shield and the OMS pod. ANIK is to be launched on the mission?s second day. This photograph was exposed through the aft windows of the flight deck. Photo credit: NASA

Flight deck automation: Promises and realities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norman, Susan D. (Editor); Orlady, Harry W. (Editor)

1989-01-01

Issues of flight deck automation are multifaceted and complex. The rapid introduction of advanced computer-based technology onto the flight deck of transport category aircraft has had considerable impact both on aircraft operations and on the flight crew. As part of NASA's responsibility to facilitate an active exchange of ideas and information among members of the aviation community, a NASA/FAA/Industry workshop devoted to flight deck automation, organized by the Aerospace Human Factors Research Division of NASA Ames Research Center. Participants were invited from industry and from government organizations responsible for design, certification, operation, and accident investigation of transport category, automated aircraft. The goal of the workshop was to clarify the implications of automation, both positive and negative. Workshop panels and working groups identified issues regarding the design, training, and procedural aspects of flight deck automation, as well as the crew's ability to interact and perform effectively with the new technology. The proceedings include the invited papers and the panel and working group reports, as well as the summary and conclusions of the conference.

Gidzenko in front of flight deck windows

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-12

STS102-E-5138 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, now a member of the STS-102 crew, on Discovery's flight deck. Lake Nasser, in Egypt, can be seen through the overhead flight deck window in the background. Gidzenko, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

New STS-102 crewmembers Krikalev in the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-12

STS102-E-5147 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew on Discovery's flight deck. A sun setting can be seen through the flight deck windows in the background. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

77 FR 41931 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... keyways of the number 2 windows on the flight deck; re-clocking the connector keyways to 12 o'clock, if necessary; and replacing the coil cord assemblies on both number 2 windows on the flight deck. That NPRM was prompted by reports of arcing and smoke at the left number 2 window in the flight deck. This action revises...

STS-43 Pilot Baker eats a sandwich on OV-104's forward flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-43 Pilot Michael A. Baker, seated at the forward flight deck pilots station controls, eats a freefloating peanut butter and jelly sandwich while holding a carrot. Surrounding Baker on Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, flight deck are procedural checklists, control panels, and windows. A lemonade drink bag is velcroed to overhead panel O9.

Interior view of the Flight Deck looking forward, the Commander's ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view of the Flight Deck looking forward, the Commander's seat and controls are on the left and the pilot's seat and controls are on the right of the view. Note that the flight deck windows have protective covers over them in this view. This images can be digitally stitched with image HAER No. TX-116-A-20 to expand the view to include the overhead control panels of the flight deck. This view was taken in the Orbiter Processing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Archambault on Flight Deck (FD)

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-17

S119-E-006392 (17 March 2009) --- Astronaut Lee Archambault, STS-119 commander, smiles for a photo while monitoring data at the commander's station on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day three activities.

Coal bunker, B123 off starboard side of boiler room B3. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Coal bunker, B-123 off starboard side of boiler room B-3. Compartment B-19 looking fore to aft into bunker C-101; note construction details of hull framing and protective deck at top of photograph. Bunkers loaded with coal surrounded the boiler room and afforded protection in addition to the coffer dam and armored protective deck. Note watertight door at lower center right. This could be lowered to cut off the bunker in the event of hull penetration. (053) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

76 FR 4567 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 737-600, -700, -700C, -800, and -900 Series...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

... orientation of both sides of the coil cord connector keyways of the number 2 windows on the flight deck, re... number 2 windows on the flight deck. This proposed AD was prompted by reports of arcing and smoke at the number 2 window in the flight deck. We are proposing this AD to prevent arcing, smoke, and fire in the...

The effects of autogenic-feedback training on motion sickness severity and heart rate variability in astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toscano, William B.; Cowings, Patricia S.

1994-01-01

Space motion sickness (SMS) affects 50 percent of all people during early days of spaceflight. This study describes the results of two Shuttle flight experiments in which autogenic-feedback training (AFT), a physiological conditioning method, was tested as a treatment for this disorder. Of the six who were designated as flight subjects (two women and four men), three were given treatment and three served as controls (i.e., no AFT). Treatment subjects were given 6 hours of preflight AFT. Preflight results showed that AFT produced a significant increase in tolerance to rotating chair motion sickness tests. Further, this increased tolerance was associated with changes in specific physiological responses and reports of reduced malaise. Flight results showed that two of the three control subjects experienced repeated vomiting on the first mission day, while one subject experienced only moderate malaise. Of the three treatment subjects, one experienced mild discomfort, one moderate discomfort, and one severe motion sickness. Only the three control subjects took medication for symptom suppression. Measures of cardiac function reflective of vagal control were shown to be affected especially strongly on the first day of space flight. AFT given for control of heart rate, respiration, and other autonomic activity influenced both the vagal control measures and SMS. These data suggest that AFT may be an effective treatment for space motion sickness; however, this cannot be demonstrated conclusively with the small number of subjects described.

AGOR 28

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-18

Aft Deck Noise Levels – RFW in the works. • Steering Hydraulics – Reports from Armstrong indicate that the system hydraulics over heat during DP...7 • Propeller Tips - The local Hundested vendor and a...MRU Upper Transducer Room 13 Hundested began work “shaping” the outer edge of the propeller tips. Stbd side completed in approx. 3

Flow Structures and Noise Produced by a Heated Rectangular Nozzle with a Third Stream and Aft Deck

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruscher, Christopher; Gogineni, Sivaram; Kiel, Barry

2015-11-01

Jet noise is a huge issue that affects both civilian and military aviation and is a two-fold problem. Near-field noise causes hearing damage and is of great concern to the Navy. Far-field noise is also a concern for military and civilian aircraft. For military jets, the trend has shown that newer and more advanced planes are louder than their predecessors. Most of these planes are designed keeping the performance as the main driver in mind while the jet noise becomes an afterthought. To remedy this and to aid the design process, we propose to create a joint noise and performance prediction tool. To create this tool, one must understand how the near-field flow structures generate noise and how they are related to far-field noise. In the current work, we considered rectangular, three-stream nozzle with an aft deck and investigated the flow structures such as corner vortices, shocks and their impact on the noise generation mechanism. We have also used state-of-the-art data analytical tools such as wavelets, POD, and stochastic estimations.

Space Shuttle STS-1 SRB damage investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nevins, C. D.

1982-01-01

The physical damage incurred by the solid rocket boosters during reentry on the initial space shuttle flight raised the question of whether the hardware, as designed, would yield the low cost per flight desired. The damage was quantified, the cause determined and specific design changes recommended which would preclude recurrence. Flight data, postflight analyses, and laboratory hardware examinations were used. The resultant findings pointed to two principal causes: failure of the aft skirt thermal curtain at the onset of reentry aerodynamic heating, and overloading of the aft shirt stiffening rings during water impact. Design changes were recommended on both the thermal curtain and the aft skirt structural members to prevent similar damage on future missions.

Summary of a Crew-Centered Flight Deck Design Philosophy for High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Palmer, Michael T.; Rogers, William H.; Press, Hayes N.; Latorella, Kara A.; Abbott, Terence S.

1995-01-01

Past flight deck design practices used within the U.S. commercial transport aircraft industry have been highly successful in producing safe and efficient aircraft. However, recent advances in automation have changed the way pilots operate aircraft, and these changes make it necessary to reconsider overall flight deck design. Automated systems have become more complex and numerous, and often their inner functioning is partially or fully opaque to the flight crew. Recent accidents and incidents involving autoflight system mode awareness Dornheim, 1995) are an example. This increase in complexity raises pilot concerns about the trustworthiness of automation, and makes it difficult for the crew to be aware of all the intricacies of operation that may impact safe flight. While pilots remain ultimately responsible for mission success, performance of flight deck tasks has been more widely distributed across human and automated resources. Advances in sensor and data integration technologies now make far more information available than may be prudent to present to the flight crew.

Concept of Operations for Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck Displays and Decision Support Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, Randall E.; Prinzel, Lawrence J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Young, Steve D.

2011-01-01

The document describes a Concept of Operations for Flight Deck Display and Decision Support technologies which may help enable emerging Next Generation Air Transportation System capabilities while also maintaining, or improving upon, flight safety. This concept of operations is used as the driving function within a spiral program of research, development, test, and evaluation for the Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck (IIFD) project. As such, the concept will be updated at each cycle within the spiral to reflect the latest research results and emerging developments

Field evaluation of flight deck procedures for flying CTAS descents

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Flight deck descent procedures were developed for a field evaluation of the CTAS Descent Advisor conducted in the fall of 1995. During this study, CTAS descent clearances were issued to 185 commercial flights at Denver International Airport. Data col...

Towards a characterization of information automation systems on the flight deck

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dudley, Rachel Feddersen

This thesis summarizes research to investigate the characteristics that define information automation systems used on aircraft flight decks and the significant impacts that these characteristics have on pilot performance. Major accomplishments of the work include the development of a set of characteristics that describe information automation systems on the flight deck and an experiment designed to study a subset of these characteristics. Information automation systems on the flight deck are responsible for the collection, processing, analysis, and presentation of data to the flightcrew. These systems pose human factors issues and challenges that must be considered by designers of these systems. Based on a previously developed formal definition of information automation for aircraft flight deck systems, an analysis process was developed and conducted to reach a refined set of information automation characteristics. In this work, characteristics are defined as a set of properties or attributes that describe an information automation system's operation or behavior, which can be used to identify and assess potential human factors issues. Hypotheses were formed for a subset of the characteristics: Automation Visibility, Information Quality, and Display Complexity. An experimental investigation was developed to measure performance impacts related to these characteristics, which showed mixed results of expected and surprising findings, with many interactions. A set of recommendations were then developed based on the experimental observations. Ensuring that the right information is presented to pilots at the right time and in the appropriate manner is the job of flight deck system designers. This work provides a foundation for developing recommendations and guidelines specific to information automation on the flight deck with the goal of improving the design and evaluation of information automation systems before they are implemented.

Developing and utilizing an Euler computational method for predicting the airframe/propulsion effects for an aft-mounted turboprop transport. Volume 1: Theory document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, H. C.; Yu, N. Y.

1991-01-01

An Euler flow solver was developed for predicting the airframe/propulsion integration effects for an aft-mounted turboprop transport. This solver employs a highly efficient multigrid scheme, with a successive mesh-refinement procedure to accelerate the convergence of the solution. A new dissipation model was also implemented to render solutions that are grid insensitive. The propeller power effects are simulated by the actuator disk concept. An embedded flow solution method was developed for predicting the detailed flow characteristics in the local vicinity of an aft-mounted propfan engine in the presence of a flow field induced by a complete aircraft. Results from test case analysis are presented. A user's guide for execution of computer programs, including format of various input files, sample job decks, and sample input files, is provided in an accompanying volume.

14 CFR 121.550 - Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight... OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.550 Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck. Whenever an Agent of the Secret Service who is assigned the duty...

14 CFR 121.550 - Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight... OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.550 Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck. Whenever an Agent of the Secret Service who is assigned the duty...

14 CFR 121.550 - Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight... OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.550 Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck. Whenever an Agent of the Secret Service who is assigned the duty...

14 CFR 121.550 - Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight... OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.550 Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck. Whenever an Agent of the Secret Service who is assigned the duty...

14 CFR 121.550 - Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight... OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS Flight Operations § 121.550 Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deck. Whenever an Agent of the Secret Service who is assigned the duty...

126. AERIAL FORWARD VIEW OF ENCLOSED HURRICANE BOW WITH FLIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

126. AERIAL FORWARD VIEW OF ENCLOSED HURRICANE BOW WITH FLIGHT DECK GUN MOUNTS REMOVED AND ANGLED FLIGHT DECK. 1 OCTOBER 1956. (NATIONAL ARCHIVES NO. 80-G-1001445) - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Flight-deck automation: Promises and problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiener, E. L.; Curry, R. E.

1980-01-01

The state of the art in human factors in flight-deck automation is presented. A number of critical problem areas are identified and broad design guidelines are offered. Automation-related aircraft accidents and incidents are discussed as examples of human factors problems in automated flight.

49 CFR 1520.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Statistics. Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer... conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning phase. A vulnerability assessment...

49 CFR 1520.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Statistics. Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer... conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning phase. A vulnerability assessment...

49 CFR 1520.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Statistics. Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer... conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning phase. A vulnerability assessment...

49 CFR 1520.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Statistics. Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer... conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning phase. A vulnerability assessment...

49 CFR 1520.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Statistics. Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer... conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning phase. A vulnerability assessment...

Expertise and responsibility effects on pilots' reactions to flight deck alerts in a simulator.

PubMed

Zheng, Yiyuan; Lu, Yanyu; Yang, Zheng; Fu, Shan

2014-11-01

Flight deck alerts provide system malfunction information designed to lead corresponding pilot reactions aimed at guaranteeing flight safety. This study examined the roles of expertise and flight responsibility and their relationship to pilots' reactions to flight deck alerts. There were 17 pilots composing 12 flight crews that were assigned into pairs according to flight hours and responsibilities. The experiment included 9 flight scenarios and was carried out in a CRJ-200 flight simulator. Pilot performance was recorded by a wide angle video camera, and four kinds of reactions to alerts were defined for analysis. Pilots tended to have immediate reactions to uninterrupted cautions, with a turning off rate as high as 75%. However, this rate decreased sharply when pilots encountered interrupted cautions and warnings; they also exhibited many wrong reactions to warnings. Pilots with more expertise had more reactions to uninterrupted cautions than those with less expertise, both as pilot flying and pilot monitoring. Meanwhile, the pilot monitoring, regardless of level of expertise, exhibited more reactions than the pilot flying. In addition, more experienced pilots were more likely to have wrong reactions to warnings while acting as the monitoring pilot. These results suggest that both expertise and flight responsibility influence pilots' reactions to alerts. Considering crew pairing strategy, when a pilot flying is a less experienced pilot, a more experience pilot is suggested to be the monitoring pilot. The results of this study have implications for understanding pilots' behaviors to flight deck alerts, calling for specialized training and design of approach alarms on the flight deck.

49 CFR 15.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program under... interference, whether during the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning...

49 CFR 15.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program under... interference, whether during the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning...

49 CFR 15.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program under... interference, whether during the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning...

49 CFR 15.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program under... interference, whether during the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning...

49 CFR 15.3 - Terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... Federal Flight Deck Officer means a pilot participating in the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program under... interference, whether during the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning...

Development of a Human Motor Model for the Evaluation of an Integrated Alerting and Notification Flight Deck System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daiker, Ron; Schnell, Thomas

2010-01-01

A human motor model was developed on the basis of performance data that was collected in a flight simulator. The motor model is under consideration as one component of a virtual pilot model for the evaluation of NextGen crew alerting and notification systems in flight decks. This model may be used in a digital Monte Carlo simulation to compare flight deck layout design alternatives. The virtual pilot model is being developed as part of a NASA project to evaluate multiple crews alerting and notification flight deck configurations. Model parameters were derived from empirical distributions of pilot data collected in a flight simulator experiment. The goal of this model is to simulate pilot motor performance in the approach-to-landing task. The unique challenges associated with modeling the complex dynamics of humans interacting with the cockpit environment are discussed, along with the current state and future direction of the model.

On the typography of flight-deck documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Degani, Asaf

1992-01-01

Many types of paper documentation are employed on the flight-deck. They range from a simple checklist card to a bulky Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM). Some of these documentations have typographical and graphical deficiencies; yet, many cockpit tasks such as conducting checklists, way-point entry, limitations and performance calculations, and many more, require the use of these documents. Moreover, during emergency and abnormal situations, the flight crews' effectiveness in combating the situation is highly dependent on such documentation; accessing and reading procedures has a significant impact on flight safety. Although flight-deck documentation are an important (and sometimes critical) form of display in the modern cockpit, there is a dearth of information on how to effectively design these displays. The object of this report is to provide a summary of the available literature regarding the design and typographical aspects of printed matter. The report attempts 'to bridge' the gap between basic research about typography, and the kind of information needed by designers of flight-deck documentation. The report focuses on typographical factors such as type-faces, character height, use of lower- and upper-case characters, line length, and spacing. Some graphical aspects such as layout, color coding, fonts, and character contrast are also discussed. In addition, several aspects of cockpit reading conditions such as glare, angular alignment, and paper quality are addressed. Finally, a list of recommendations for the graphical design of flight-deck documentation is provided.

Cognitive representations of flight-deck information attributes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ricks, Wendell R.; Jonsson, Jon E.; Rogers, William H.

1993-01-01

The experiment described in this paper had two ojectives. The first objective was to empirically identify how pilots organize flight-deck information attributes. Such an organization should provide a useful nomenclature for classifying Information Management (IM) issues and problems. The second objective of this study was to empirically assess pilots' estimate of the relative importance of each attribute on managing information. Results from addressing this latter objective were intended to suggest areas on which flight-deck researchers and designers will want to focus their attention.

STS-30 Commander Walker on forward flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

On Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, forward flight deck between commanders and pilots seats, STS-30 Commander David M. Walker smiles while having his picture taken. Walker, wearing a mission polo shirt and light blue flight coverall pants, holds onto the commanders seat back. Forward flight control panels are visible above Walker's head and behind him.

A Usability and Learnability Case Study of Glass Flight Deck Interfaces and Pilot Interactions through Scenario-based Training

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Cino, Thomas J., II

In the aviation industry, digitally produced and presented flight, navigation, and aircraft information is commonly referred to as glass flight decks. Glass flight decks are driven by computer-based subsystems and have long been a part of military and commercial aviation sectors. Over the past 15 years, the General Aviation (GA) sector of the aviation industry has become a recent beneficiary of the rapid advancement of computer-based glass flight deck (GFD) systems. While providing the GA pilot considerable enhancements in the quality of information about the status and operations of the aircraft, training pilots on the use of glass flight decks is often delivered with traditional methods (e.g. textbooks, PowerPoint presentations, user manuals, and limited computer-based training modules). These training methods have been reported as less than desirable in learning to use the glass flight deck interface. Difficulties in achieving a complete understanding of functional and operational characteristics of the GFD systems, acquiring a full understanding of the interrelationships of the varied subsystems, and handling the wealth of flight information provided have been reported. Documented pilot concerns of poor user experience and satisfaction, and problems with the learning the complex and sophisticated interface of the GFD are additional issues with current pilot training approaches. A case study was executed to explore ways to improve training using GFD systems at a Midwestern aviation university. The researcher investigated if variations in instructional systems design and training methods for learning glass flight deck technology would affect the perceptions and attitudes of pilots of the learnability (an attribute of usability) of the glass flight deck interface. Specifically, this study investigated the effectiveness of scenario-based training (SBT) methods to potentially improve pilot knowledge and understanding of a GFD system, and overall pilot user experience and satisfaction. Participants overwhelmingly reported positive learning experiences from scenario-based GFD systems flight training, noting that learning and knowledge construction were improved over other training received in the past. In contrast, participants rated the usability and learnability of the GFD training systems low, reporting various problems with the systems' interface, and the learnability (first-time use) of the complex GFD system. However, issues with usability of the GFD training systems did not reduce or change participant attitudes towards learning and mastering GFD systems; to the contrary, all participants requested additional coursework opportunities to train on GFD systems with the scenario-based flight training format.

Designing Flight Deck Procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Degani, Asaf; Wiener, Earl

2005-01-01

Three reports address the design of flight-deck procedures and various aspects of human interaction with cockpit systems that have direct impact on flight safety. One report, On the Typography of Flight- Deck Documentation, discusses basic research about typography and the kind of information needed by designers of flight deck documentation. Flight crews reading poorly designed documentation may easily overlook a crucial item on the checklist. The report surveys and summarizes the available literature regarding the design and typographical aspects of printed material. It focuses on typographical factors such as proper typefaces, character height, use of lower- and upper-case characters, line length, and spacing. Graphical aspects such as layout, color coding, fonts, and character contrast are discussed; and several cockpit conditions such as lighting levels and glare are addressed, as well as usage factors such as angular alignment, paper quality, and colors. Most of the insights and recommendations discussed in this report are transferable to paperless cockpit systems of the future and computer-based procedure displays (e.g., "electronic flight bag") in aerospace systems and similar systems that are used in other industries such as medical, nuclear systems, maritime operations, and military systems.

A study of flight control requirements for advanced, winged, earth-to-orbit vehicles with far-aft center-of-gravity locations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hepler, A. K.; Zeck, H.; Walker, W. H.; Polack, A.

1982-01-01

Control requirements of Controlled Configured Design Approach vehicles with far-aft center of gravity locations are studied. The baseline system investigated is a fully reusable vertical takeoff/horizontal landing single stage-to-orbit vehicle with mission requirements similar to that of the space shuttle vehicle. Evaluations were made to determine dynamic stability boundaries, time responses, trim control, operational center-of-gravity limits, and flight control subsystem design requirements. Study tasks included a baseline vehicle analysis, an aft center of gravity study, a payload size study, and a technology assessment.

Towards Autonomous Airport Surface Operations: NextGen Flight Deck Implications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky Lee; Bakowski, Deborah Lee

2017-01-01

Surface Trajectory-based Operations (STBO) is a potential concept candidate for flight deck autonomous operations. Existing research will be reviewed and possible architectures and research issues will be presented.

Pilot Ashby waves from the pilot's seat in the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-24

S93-E-5029 (23 July 1999) --- Astronaut Jeffrey S. Ashby waves to the camera from the pilot's station on the starboard side of Columbia's forward flight deck. The photo was recorded with an electronic still camera (ESC) on Flight Day 1 of the STS-93 mission.

Leah Robson and Bridgette Puljiz in the flight deck of NASA's 747 shuttle carrier during Take Your Children to Work Day

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-06-22

Leah Robson and Bridgette Puljiz of Tehachapi in the flight deck of NASA's modified Boeing 747 space shuttle carrier aircraft during Take Your Children to Work Day June 22 at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center.

STS-114 orbiter Discovery during docking of Raffaello

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-05

ISS011-E-11510 (5 August 2005) --- On the eve of the separation of Discovery and the International Space Station, an Expedition 11 crew member took this digital still picture. Crews onboard the orbital outpost and Discovery were wrapping up nine days of joint operations. The Space Shuttle is partially visible beneath other hardware. The Canadian-built robot arms for both spacecraft are dominant in the frame. A Russian Soyuz is docked to the Station in the foreground. After the Italian-built Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello was secured in Discovery's cargo bay, Astronauts Charles J. Camarda and Andrew S.W. Thomas, mission specialists operating from Discovery's aft flight deck, used the Shuttle arm to hand off the Orbiter Boom Sensor System to the Station arm. Then Astronauts Wendy B. Lawrence, mission specialist, and James M. Kelly, pilot, onboard Destiny, reberthed the OBSS in its position on the starboard sill of the cargo bay. Undocking is scheduled shortly before 2:30 a.m. (CDT) on August 6.

Payload specialist station study: Volume 2, part 3: Program analysis and planning for phase C/D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The controls and displays (C&D) required at the Orbiter aft-flight deck (AFD) and the core C&D required at the Payload Specialist Station (PSS) are identified in this document. The AFD C&D Concept consists of a multifunction display system (MFDS) and elements of multiuse mission support equipment (MMSE). The MFDS consists of two CRTs, a display electronics unit (DEU), and a keyboard. The MMSE consists of a manual pointing controller (MPC), five digit numeric displays, 10 character alphanumeric legends, event timers, analog meters, rotary and toggle switches. The MMSE may be hardwired to the experiment, or interface with a data bus at the PSS for signal processing. The MFDS has video capability, with alphanumeric and graphic overlay features, on one CRT and alphanumeric and graphic (tricolor) capability on a second CRT. The DEU will have the capability to communicate, via redundant data buses, with both the spacelab experiment and subsystem computers.

Scientific and technical applications of a tethered satellite system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snoddy, W. C.

1979-01-01

A Shuttle-borne tether system capable of deploying a tether to radial distances as great as 100 km was described by Rupp and Laue (1978). The system as discussed by Rupp and Laue would have a total mass of 700 kg and would be mounted on one Shuttle pallet. It would consist of a tether reel mechanism complete with a servo drive motor and control sensors, a boom with docking probe used for initial deployment and subsequent retrieval, some type of satellite weighing 175 kg, up to 100 km of synthetic or metallic tether approximately 1 mm in diameter, a digital control computer, and a control and display panel on the Orbiter aft flight deck for crew operation. The primary use of a tether system for geological applications would be in the measurement of those magnetic and gravitational fields associated with geological structures. The major appeal in connection with atmospheric applications is the system's ability to extend instrumentation down into the lower thermosphere and possibly the mesosphere.

STS-4 earth observations from space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

STS-4 earth observations from space. Views include both Florida coasts, with Cape Canaveral visible at the center of the frame. The photo was exposed through the aft window on the flight deck of the Columbia. The vertical tail and both orbital maneuvering systems (OMS) pods are visible in the foreground. Other features on the Earth which are visible include Tampa Bay and several lakes, including Apopka, Tohopekaliga, East Tahopekaliga, Harris, Cypress and a number of small reservoirs (33223); This is a north-easterly looking view toward California's Pacific Coast. The coastal area covered includes San Diego northward to Pismo Beach. Los Angeles is near center. The arc of the Temblor-Tehachapi-Sierra Nevada surrounds the San Joaquin Valley at left. The Mojave desert lies between the San Andres and Garlock Faults (33224); Mexico's Baja California and Sonora state are visible in the STS-4 frame. The islands of Angel de la Guardia and Tiburon stand out above and right of center. Low clouds

STS-47 Spacelab-J, Onboard Photograph

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

Japanese astronaut, Mamoru Mohri, talks to Japanese students from the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour during the Spacelab-J (SL-J) mission. The SL-J mission was a joint venture between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) utilizing a marned Spacelab module. The mission conducted 24 materials science and 20 life science experiments, of which 35 were sponsored by NASDA, 7 by NASA, and two collaborative efforts. Materials science investigations covered such fields as biotechnology, electronic materials, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena, glasses and ceramics, metals and alloys, and acceleration measurements. Life sciences included experiments on human health, cell separation and biology, developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space radiation, and biological rhythms. Test subjects included the crew, Japanese koi fish (carp), cultured animal and plant cells, chicken embryos, fruit flies, fungi and plant seeds, and frogs and frog eggs. Spacelab-J was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour on September 12, 1992.

STS-52 CANEX-2 Canadian Target Assembly (CTA) held by RMS over OV-102's PLB

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-11-01

STS052-71-057 (22 Oct-1 Nov 1992) --- This 70mm frame, photographed with a handheld Hasselblad camera aimed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows, captures the operation of the Space Vision System (SVS) experiment above the cargo bay. Target dots have been placed on the Canadian Target Assembly (CTA), a small satellite, in the grasp of the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm. SVS utilized a Shuttle TV camera to monitor the dots strategically arranged on the satellite, to be tracked. As the satellite moved via the arm, the SVS computer measured the changing position of the dots and provided real-time television display of the location and orientation of the CTA. This type of displayed information is expected to help an operator guide the RMS or the Mobile Servicing System (MSS) of the future when berthing or deploying satellites. Also visible in the frame is the U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-01).

KSC-99pc0182

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-02-09

In the Vertical Processing Facility (VPF), the STS-93 crew stands in front of the VPF Aft Flight Deck simulator, which is part of KSC's Cargo Integration Test Equipment. From left, they are Mission Specialist Michel Tognini of France, Commander Eileen M. Collins, Mission Specialist Steven A. Hawley, Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby and Mission Specialist Catherine G. Coleman. Tognini represents France's space agency, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). STS-93, scheduled to launch July 9 aboard Space Shuttle Columbia, has the primary mission of the deployment of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which is undergoing testing in the VPF. Formerly called the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, Chandra comprises three major elements: the spacecraft, the science instrument module (SIM), and the world's most powerful X-ray telescope. Chandra will allow scientists from around the world to see previously invisible black holes and high-temperature gas clouds, giving the observatory the potential to rewrite the books on the structure and evolution of our universe

Visual Earth observation performance in the space environment. Human performance measurement 4: Flight experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huth, John F.; Whiteley, James D.; Hawker, John E.

1993-01-01

A wide variety of secondary payloads have flown on the Space Transportation System (STS) since its first flight in the 1980's. These experiments have typically addressed specific issues unique to the zero-gravity environment. Additionally, the experiments use the experience and skills of the mission and payload specialist crew members to facilitate data collection and ensure successful completion. This paper presents the results of the Terra Scout experiment, which flew aboard STS-44 in November 1991. This unique Earth Observation experiment specifically required a career imagery analyst to operate the Spaceborne Direct-View Optical System (SpaDVOS), a folded optical path telescope system designed to mount inside the shuttle on the overhead aft flight deck windows. Binoculars and a small telescope were used as backup optics. Using his imagery background, coupled with extensive target and equipment training, the payload specialist was tasked with documenting the following: (1) the utility of the equipment; (2) his ability to acquire and track ground targets; (3) the level of detail he could discern; (4) the atmospheric conditions; and (5) other in-situ elements which contributed to or detracted from his ability to analyze targets. Special emphasis was placed on the utility of a manned platform for research and development of future spaceborne sensors. The results and lessons learned from Terra Scout will be addressed including human performance and equipment design issues.

Human Factors for Flight Deck Certification Personnel

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-07-01

This document is a compilation of proceedings and lecture material on human : performance capabilities that was presented to FAA flight deck certification : personnel. A five-day series of lectures was developed to provide certification : specialists...

STS-36 Commander Creighton listens to music on OV-104's forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-03-03

STS-36 Commander John O. Creighton, smiling and wearing a headset, listens to music as the tape recorder freefloats in front of him. During this lighter moment of the mission, Creighton is positioned at the commanders station on the forward flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Forward flight deck windows W1 and W2 appear on his left. Creighton and four other astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard the spacecraft for the Department of Defense (DOD) devoted mission.

STS-36 Commander Creighton listens to music on OV-104's forward flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

STS-36 Commander John O. Creighton, smiling and wearing a headset, listens to music as the tape recorder freefloats in front of him. During this lighter moment of the mission, Creighton is positioned at the commanders station on the forward flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Forward flight deck windows W1 and W2 appear on his left. Creighton and four other astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard the spacecraft for the Department of Defense (DOD) devoted mission.

Detail view of the Waste Management System, the space potty, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail view of the Waste Management System, the space potty, onboard the Orbiter Discovery. It is located on the aft wall on the port side of the mid deck of the orbiter. This photograph was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Astronaut Franklin Chang-Diaz checking payload bay through aft deck window

NASA Image and Video Library

1986-01-12

61C-02-032 (12-18 Jan. 1986) --- Astronaut Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, STS-61C mission specialist, while checking cargo in the space shuttle Columbia's payload bay, turns to smile at a fellow crew member using a 35mm camera. Some of the prolific camera gear onboard the spacecraft is affixed above the mission specialist's right shoulder.

Flight deck task management

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-21

This report documents the work undertaken in support of Volpe Task Order No. T0026, Flight Deck Task Management. The objectives of this work effort were to: : 1) Develop a specific and standard definition of task management (TM) : 2) Conduct a ...

Resource management on the flight deck. [conferences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, G. E. (Editor); White, M. D. (Editor); Lauber, J. K. (Editor)

1980-01-01

Several approaches to the training and selection of aircrew are presented including both industry and nonindustry perspectives. Human factor aspects of the problem are also examined with specific emphasis on the psychology of the flight deck situation.

Summary of Payload Integration Plan (PIP) for Starlab-1 flight experiment, enclosure 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cowings, Patricia S.; Toscano, W.; Kamiya, J.; Miller, N.; Sharp, J.

1988-01-01

The objectives of the Autogenic Feedback Training (AFT) are to: determine if preflight AFT is an effective treatment for space adaptation syndrome (SAS); determine if preflight improvements in motion sickness tolerance can be used to predict crewmembers' success in controlling symptoms in flight; and identify differences and similarities between the physiological data from preflight motion sickness tests and data collected during symptom episodes in space. The goal is to test the AFT on 8 trained and 8 control subjects. At present 2 trained and 2 contol subjects were tested. The testing will continue until the experimental goal of testing 16 individual is reached.

Flight Deck Technologies to Enable NextGen Low Visibility Surface Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prinzel, Lawrence (Lance) J., III; Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Norman, Robert M.; Bailey, Randall E.; Jones, Denise R.; Karwac, Jerry R., Jr.; Shelton, Kevin J.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.

2013-01-01

Many key capabilities are being identified to enable Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), including the concept of Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) . replicating the capacity and safety of today.s visual flight rules (VFR) in all-weather conditions. NASA is striving to develop the technologies and knowledge to enable EVO and to extend EVO towards a Better-Than-Visual operational concept. This operational concept envisions an .equivalent visual. paradigm where an electronic means provides sufficient visual references of the external world and other required flight references on flight deck displays that enable Visual Flight Rules (VFR)-like operational tempos while maintaining and improving safety of VFR while using VFR-like procedures in all-weather conditions. The Langley Research Center (LaRC) has recently completed preliminary research on flight deck technologies for low visibility surface operations. The work assessed the potential of enhanced vision and airport moving map displays to achieve equivalent levels of safety and performance to existing low visibility operational requirements. The work has the potential to better enable NextGen by perhaps providing an operational credit for conducting safe low visibility surface operations by use of the flight deck technologies.

View of Atlantis Flight Deck Monitors

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-17

S125-E-009190 (17 May 2009) --- A computer monitor showing animation of an extravehicular activity (EVA) is visible in this image photographed by a STS-125 crewmember in a darkened flight deck on the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis.

Channel electron multiplier operated on a sounding rocket without a cryogenic vacuum pump from 120 - 75 km altitude

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dickson, S.; Gausa, M. A.; Robertson, S. H.; Sternovsky, Z.

2012-12-01

We demonstrate that a channel electron multiplier (CEM) can be operated on a sounding rocket in the pulse-counting mode from 120 km to 75 km altitude without the cryogenic evacuation used in the past. Evacuation of the CEM is provided only by aerodynamic flow around the rocket. This demonstration is motivated by the need for additional flights of mass spectrometers to clarify the fate of metallic compounds and ions ablated from micrometeorites and their possible role in the nucleation of noctilucent clouds. The CEMs were flown as guest instruments on the two sounding rockets of the CHAMPS (CHarge And mass of Meteoritic smoke ParticleS) rocket campaign which were launched into the mesosphere in October 2011 from Andøya Rocket Range, Norway. Modeling of the aerodynamic flow around the payload with Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) code showed that the pressure is reduced below ambient in the void beneath an aft-facing surface. An enclosure containing the CEM was placed above an aft-facing deck and a valve was opened on the downleg to expose the CEM to the aerodynamically evacuated region below. The CEM operated successfully from apogee down to ~75 km. A Pirani gauge confirmed pressures reduced to as low as 20% of ambient with the extent of reduction dependent upon altitude and velocity. Additional DSMC simulations indicate that there are alternate payload designs with improved aerodynamic pumping for forward mounted instruments such as mass spectrometers.

Aft-End Flow of a Large-Scale Lifting Body During Free-Flight Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banks, Daniel W.; Fisher, David F.

2006-01-01

Free-flight tests of a large-scale lifting-body configuration, the X-38 aircraft, were conducted using tufts to characterize the flow on the aft end, specifically in the inboard region of the vertical fins. Pressure data was collected on the fins and base. Flow direction and movement were correlated with surface pressure and flight condition. The X-38 was conceived to be a rescue vehicle for the International Space Station. The vehicle shape was derived from the U.S. Air Force X-24 lifting body. Free-flight tests of the X-38 configuration were conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, California from 1997 to 2001.

STS-104 PLT Hobaugh and DV Cam units on Atlantis flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-15

STS104-326-005 (12-24 July 2001) --- Astronaut Charles O. Hobaugh, STS-104 pilot, prepares to do some work at the recently-fashioned computer network station on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

NextGen Flight Deck Data Comm : Auxiliary Synthetic Speech Phase II

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-01

Data Comma text-based controller-pilot communication systemis expected to yield several NextGen safety and efficiency benefits. With Data Comm, communication becomes a visual task, and may potentially increase head-down time on the flight deck ...

Detail view of the interior of the flight deck looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail view of the interior of the flight deck looking forward showing the overhead control panels. Note that the flight deck windows have protective covers over them in this view. This images can be digitally stitched with image HAER No. TX-116-A-19 to expand the view to include the Commander and Pilot positions during ascent and reentry and landing. This view was taken in the Orbiter Processing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Certification for civil flight decks and the human-computer interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcclumpha, Andrew J.; Rudisill, Marianne

1994-01-01

This paper will address the issue of human factor aspects of civil flight deck certification, with emphasis on the pilot's interface with automation. In particular, three questions will be asked that relate to this certification process: (1) are the methods, data, and guidelines available from human factors to adequately address the problems of certifying as safe and error tolerant the complex automated systems of modern civil transport aircraft; (2) do aircraft manufacturers effectively apply human factors information during the aircraft flight deck design process; and (3) do regulatory authorities effectively apply human factors information during the aircraft certification process?

Categorization and prioritization of flight deck information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jonsson, Jon E.; Ricks, Wendell R.

1993-01-01

The paper describes an experiment whose objectives were to: (1) make initial inferences about categories into which pilots place information; and (2) empirically determine how pilots mentally represent flight deck information, and how their cognitive processes of categorization and prioritization act upon those representations.

Flight deck magnetic fields in commercial aircraft.

PubMed

Nicholas, J S; Butler, G C; Lackland, D T; Hood, W C; Hoel, D G; Mohr, L C

2000-11-01

Airline pilots are exposed to magnetic fields generated by the aircraft's electrical system. The objectives of this study were (1) to directly measure flight deck magnetic fields in terms of personal exposure to the pilots when flying on different aircraft types over a 75-hour flight-duty month, and (2) to compare magnetic field exposures across flight deck types and job titles. Measurements were taken using personal dosimeters carried by either the Captain or the First Officer on Boeing 737/200, Boeing 747/400, Boeing 767/300ER, and Airbus 320 aircraft. Approximately 1,008 block hours were recorded at a sampling frequency of 3 seconds. Total block time exposure to the pilots ranged from a harmonic geometric mean of 6.7 milliGauss (mG) for the Boeing 767/300ER to 12.7 mG for the Boeing 737/200. Measured flight deck magnetic field levels were substantially above the 0.8-1 mG level typically found in the home or office and suggest the need for further study to evaluate potential health effects of long-term exposure. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A crew-centered flight deck design philosophy for High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Palmer, Michael T.; Rogers, William H.; Press, Hayes N.; Latorella, Kara A.; Abbott, Terence S.

1995-01-01

Past flight deck design practices used within the U.S. commercial transport aircraft industry have been highly successful in producing safe and efficient aircraft. However, recent advances in automation have changed the way pilots operate aircraft, and these changes make it necessary to reconsider overall flight deck design. The High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) mission will likely add new information requirements, such as those for sonic boom management and supersonic/subsonic speed management. Consequently, whether one is concerned with the design of the HSCT, or a next generation subsonic aircraft that will include technological leaps in automated systems, basic issues in human usability of complex systems will be magnified. These concerns must be addressed, in part, with an explicit, written design philosophy focusing on human performance and systems operability in the context of the overall flight crew/flight deck system (i.e., a crew-centered philosophy). This document provides such a philosophy, expressed as a set of guiding design principles, and accompanied by information that will help focus attention on flight crew issues earlier and iteratively within the design process. This document is part 1 of a two-part set.

Improved 20mm Plastic Rotating Bands

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-12-01

Taper, and 13- Degree Aft Taper, In-Flight at 3, 786 Feet per Second Muzzle Velocity at Ambient Conditions ....... ... 46 I LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...at 3, 770 Feet per Second Muzzle Velocity at Ambient Conditions ......... ... 46 14 EG-D69-B-813/15 Series Projectile with 0.813-inch Band Diameter...15-Degree Fore and Aft Tapers, In- Flight at 3, 763 Feet per Second Muzzle Velocity at Ambient Conditions ..... ............... .... 47 15 EG-D69-B-813

Flight Deck Surface Trajectory-based Operations (STBO): Results of Piloted Simulations and Implications for Concepts of Operation (ConOps)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky L.; Bakowski, Deborah L.

2013-01-01

The results offour piloted medium-fidelity simulations investigating flight deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) will be reviewed. In these flight deck STBO simulations, commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and/or speed components and required to taxi to the departing runway or an intermediate traffic intersection. Under a variety of concept of operations (ConOps) and flight deck information conditions, pilots' ability to taxi in compliance with the required time of arrival (RTA) at the designated airport location was measured. ConOps and flight deck information conditions explored included: Availability of taxi clearance speed and elapsed time information; Intermediate RTAs at intermediate time constraint points (e.g., intersection traffic flow points); STBO taxi clearances via ATC voice speed commands or datal ink; and, Availability of flight deck display algorithms to reduce STBO RTA error. Flight Deck Implications. Pilot RTA conformance for STBO clearances, in the form of ATC taxi clearances with associated speed requirements, was found to be relatively poor, unless the pilot is required to follow a precise speed and acceleration/deceleration profile. However, following such a precise speed profile results in inordinate head-down tracking of current ground speed, leading to potentially unsafe operations. Mitigating these results, and providing good taxi RTA performance without the associated safety issues, is a flight deck avionics or electronic flight bag (EFB) solution. Such a solution enables pilots to meet the taxi route RTA without moment-by-moment tracking of ground speed. An avionics or EFB "error-nulling" algorithm allows the pilot to view the STBO information when the pilot determines it is necessary and when workload alloys, thus enabling the pilot to spread his/her attention appropriately and strategically on aircraft separation airport navigation, and the many other flight deck tasks concurrently required. Surface Traffic Management (STM) System Implications. The data indicate a number of implications regarding specific parameters for ATC/STM algorithm development. Pilots have a tendency to arrive at RTA points early with slow required speeds, on time for moderate speeds, and late with faster required speeds. This implies that ATC/STM algorithms should operate with middle-range speeds, similar to that of non-STBO taxi performance. Route length has a related effect: Long taxi routes increase the earliness with slow speeds and the lateness with faster speeds. This is likely due to the" open-loop" nature of the task in which the speed error compounds over a longer time with longer routes. Results showed that this may be mitigated by imposing a small number oftime constraint points each with their own RTAs effectively tuming a long route into a series of shorter routes - and thus improving RTA performance. STBO ConOps Implications. Most important is the impact that these data have for NextGen STM system ConOps development. The results of these experiments imply that it is not reasonable to expect pilots to taxi under a "Full STBO" ConOps in which pilots are expected to be at a predictable (x,y) airport location for every time (t). An STBO ConOps with a small number of intermediate time constraint points and the departing runway, however, is feasible, but only with flight deck equipage enabling the use of a display similar to the "error-nulling algorithm/display" tested.

Human factors considerations in the design and evaluation of flight deck displays and controls

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

The objective of this effort is to have a single source document for human factors regulatory and guidance material for flight deck displays and controls, in the interest of improving aviation safety. This document identifies guidance on human factor...

View of a stone age adze cutting tool floating freely in the flight deck.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

View of a stone age adze cutting tool floating freely in the forward flight deck and framed by the forward and side windows. On the Earth below, the big island of Hawaii can be seen through the window.

Flight deck human factors issues for National Airspace System (NAS) en route controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-01

Fundamental differences exist between transmissions of Air Traffic Control clearances over voice and those transmitted via Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC). This paper provides flight deck human factors issues that apply to processin...

Flight-deck automation - Promises and problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiener, E. L.; Curry, R. E.

1980-01-01

The paper analyzes the role of human factors in flight-deck automation, identifies problem areas, and suggests design guidelines. Flight-deck automation using microprocessor technology and display systems improves performance and safety while leading to a decrease in size, cost, and power consumption. On the other hand negative factors such as failure of automatic equipment, automation-induced error compounded by crew error, crew error in equipment set-up, failure to heed automatic alarms, and loss of proficiency must also be taken into account. Among the problem areas discussed are automation of control tasks, monitoring of complex systems, psychosocial aspects of automation, and alerting and warning systems. Guidelines are suggested for designing, utilising, and improving control and monitoring systems. Investigation into flight-deck automation systems is important as the knowledge gained can be applied to other systems such as air traffic control and nuclear power generation, but the many problems encountered with automated systems need to be analyzed and overcome in future research.

The Cognitive Consequences of Patterns of Information Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutchins, Edwin

1999-01-01

The flight deck of a moderm commercial airliner is a complex system consisting of two or more crew and a suite of technological devices. When everything goes right, all modem flight decks are easy to use. When things go sour, however, automated flight decks provide opportunities for new kinds of problems. A recent article in Aviation Week cited industry concern over the problem of verifying the safety of complex systems on automated, digital aircraft, stating that the industry must "guard against the kind of incident in which people and the automation seem to mismanage a minor occurrence or non-routine situation into larger trouble." The design of automated flight deck systems that flight crews find easy to use safely is a challenge in part because this design activity requires a theoretical perspective which can simultaneously cover the interactions of people with each other and with technology. In this paper, I will introduce some concepts that can be used to understand the flight deck as a system that is composed of two or more pilots and a complex suite of automated devices. As I will try to show, without a theory, we can repeat what seems to work, but we may not know why it worked or how to make it work in novel circumstances. Theory allows us to rise above the particulars of specific situations and makes the application of the roots of success in one setting applicable to other settings.

Flight Deck Display Technologies for 4DT and Surface Equivalent Visual Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Jones, Denis R.; Shelton, Kevin J.; Arthur, Jarvis J., III; Bailey, Randall E.; Allamandola, Angela S.; Foyle, David C.; Hooey, Becky L.

2009-01-01

NASA research is focused on flight deck display technologies that may significantly enhance situation awareness, enable new operating concepts, and reduce the potential for incidents/accidents for terminal area and surface operations. The display technologies include surface map, head-up, and head-worn displays; 4DT guidance algorithms; synthetic and enhanced vision technologies; and terminal maneuvering area traffic conflict detection and alerting systems. This work is critical to ensure that the flight deck interface technologies and the role of the human participants can support the full realization of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and its novel operating concepts.

Evaluating Nextgen Closely Spaced Parallel Operations Concepts with Validated Human Performance Models: Flight Deck Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooey, Becky Lee; Gore, Brian Francis; Mahlstedt, Eric; Foyle, David C.

2013-01-01

The objectives of the current research were to develop valid human performance models (HPMs) of approach and land operations; use these models to evaluate the impact of NextGen Closely Spaced Parallel Operations (CSPO) on pilot performance; and draw conclusions regarding flight deck display design and pilot-ATC roles and responsibilities for NextGen CSPO concepts. This document presents guidelines and implications for flight deck display designs and candidate roles and responsibilities. A companion document (Gore, Hooey, Mahlstedt, & Foyle, 2013) provides complete scenario descriptions and results including predictions of pilot workload, visual attention and time to detect off-nominal events.

3D-CDTI User Manual v2.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Walter; Battiste, Vernol

2016-01-01

The 3D-Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (3D-CDTI) is a flight deck tool that presents aircrew with: proximal traffic aircraft location, their current status and flight plan data; strategic conflict detection and alerting; automated conflict resolution strategies; the facility to graphically plan manual route changes; time-based, in-trail spacing on approach. The CDTI is manipulated via a touchpad on the flight deck, and by mouse when presented as part of a desktop flight simulator.

Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R)-Post Flight (STS-75) Engineering Performance Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lavoie, Anthony R.

1996-01-01

The first mission of the Tethered Satellite deployer was flown onboard Atlantis in 1992 during the Space Transportation System (STS) flight STS-46. Due to a mechanical interference with the level wind mechanism the satellite was only Deployed to 256 m rather than the planned 20,000 m. Other problems were also experienced during the STS-46 flight and several modifications were made to the Deployer and Satellite. STS-75 was a reflight of the Tethered Satellite System 1 (TSS-1) designated as Tethered Satellite System 1 Reflight (TSS-1 R) onboard Columbia. As on STS-46, the TSS payload consisted of the Deployer, the Satellite, 3 cargo bay mounted experiments: Shuttle Electrodynamic Tether System (SETS), Shuttle Potential and Return Electron Experiment (SPREE), Deployer Core Equipment (DCORE) 4 Satellite mounted experiments: Research on Electrodynamics Tether Effects (RETE), Research on Orbital Plasma Electrodynamics (ROPE), Satellite Core Instruments (SCORE), Tether Magnetic Field Experiment (TEMAG) and an aft flight deck camera: Tether Optical Phenomena Experiment (TOP). Following successful pre-launch, launch and pre-deployment orbital operations, the Deployer deployed the Tethered Satellite to 19,695 m at which point the tether broke within the Satellite Deployment Boom (SDB). The planned length for On-Station I (OST1) was 20,700 m The Satellite flew away from the Orbiter with the tether attached. The satellite was "safed" and placed in a limited power mode via the RF link. The Satellite was contacted periodically during overflights of ground stations. Cargo bay science activities continued for the period of time allocated to TSS-1 R operations.

STS 51-L crewmembers during training session in flight deck simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

S85-46207 (December 1985) --- Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) scene of astronauts Michael J. Smith, Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik, and Francis R. (Dick) Scobee in their launch and entry positions on the flight deck. The photo was taken by Bill Bowers.

STS-104 CDR Lindsey on forward flight deck prior to re-entry

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-25

STS104-345-021 (25 July 2001) --- Attired in his shuttle launch and entry suit, astronaut Steven W. Lindsey, STS-104 commander, looks over a procedures checklist at the commander’s station on the forward flight deck of the space shuttle Atlantis.

Skylon Aerodynamics and SABRE Plumes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehta, Unmeel; Afosmis, Michael; Bowles, Jeffrey; Pandya, Shishir

2015-01-01

An independent partial assessment is provided of the technical viability of the Skylon aerospace plane concept, developed by Reaction Engines Limited (REL). The objectives are to verify REL's engineering estimates of airframe aerodynamics during powered flight and to assess the impact of Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (SABRE) plumes on the aft fuselage. Pressure lift and drag coefficients derived from simulations conducted with Euler equations for unpowered flight compare very well with those REL computed with engineering methods. The REL coefficients for powered flight are increasingly less acceptable as the freestream Mach number is increased beyond 8.5, because the engineering estimates did not account for the increasing favorable (in terms of drag and lift coefficients) effect of underexpanded rocket engine plumes on the aft fuselage. At Mach numbers greater than 8.5, the thermal environment around the aft fuselage is a known unknown-a potential design and/or performance risk issue. The adverse effects of shock waves on the aft fuselage and plumeinduced flow separation are other potential risks. The development of an operational reusable launcher from the Skylon concept necessitates the judicious use of a combination of engineering methods, advanced methods based on required physics or analytical fidelity, test data, and independent assessments.

Advanced Supersonic Nozzle Concepts: Experimental Flow Visualization Results Paired With LES

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berry, Matthew; Magstadt, Andrew; Stack, Cory; Gaitonde, Datta; Glauser, Mark; Syracuse University Team; The Ohio State University Team

2015-11-01

Advanced supersonic nozzle concepts are currently under investigation, utilizing multiple bypass streams and airframe integration to bolster performance and efficiency. This work focuses on the parametric study of a supersonic, multi-stream jet with aft deck. The single plane of symmetry, rectangular nozzle, displays very complex and unique flow characteristics. Flow visualization techniques in the form of PIV and schlieren capture flow features at various deck lengths and Mach numbers. LES is compared to the experimental results to both validate the computational model and identify limitations of the simulation. By comparing experimental results to LES, this study will help create a foundation of knowledge for advanced nozzle designs in future aircraft. SBIR Phase II with Spectral Energies, LLC under direction of Barry Kiel.

Aerodynamic Control-Augmentation Devices For Saturn-Class Launch Vehicles With Aft Centers Of Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barret, Chris

1995-01-01

Report describes study of aerodynamic flight-control-augmentation devices proposed for use in increasing payload capabilities of future launch vehicles by allowing more aft centers of gravity. Proposed all-movable devices not only provide increased control authority during ascent trajectory, but also reduce engine gimballing requirements and enhance crew safety. Report proposes various aerodynamic control surfaces mounted fore and aft on Saturn-class launch vehicle.

Low Dimensional Study of a Supersonic Multi-Stream Jet Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tenney, Andrew; Berry, Matthew; Aycock-Rizzo, Halley; Glauser, Mark; Lewalle, Jacques

2017-11-01

In this study, the near field of a two stream supersonic jet flow is examined using low dimensional tools. The flow issues from a multi-stream nozzle as described in A near-field investigation of a supersonic, multi-stream jet: locating turbulence mechanisms through velocity and density measurements by Magstadt et al., with the bulk flow Mach number, M1, being 1.6, and the second stream Mach number, M2, reaching the sonic condition. The flow field is visualized using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), with frames captured at a rate of 4Hz. Time-resolved pressure measurements are made just aft of the nozzle exit, as well as in the far-field, 86.6 nozzle hydraulic diameters away from the exit plane. The methodologies used in the analysis of this flow include Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and the continuous wavelet transform. The results from this ``no deck'' case are then compared to those found in the study conducted by Berry et al. From this comparison, we draw conclusions about the effects of the presence of an aft deck on the low dimensional flow description, and near field spectral content. Supported by AFOSR Grant FA9550-15-1-0435, and AFRL, through an SBIR Grant with Spectral Energies, LLC.

STS-41 crew communicates with ground controllers from OV-103's flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-10-10

STS041-02-035 (6-10 Oct 1990) --- A fish-eye lens view shows two of STS-41's three mission specialists on the flight deck of Discovery. Astronaut William M. Shepherd, right, communicates with ground controllers as Astronaut Bruce E. Melnick looks on.

Human factors considerations in the design and evaluation of flight deck displays and controls : version 2.0

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The objective of this effort is to have a single source reference document for human factors regulatory and guidance material for flight deck displays and controls, in the interest of improving aviation safety. This document identifies guidance on hu...

Krikalev in front of flight deck windows

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-12

STS102-E-5139 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew, prepares to use a camera on Discovery's flight deck. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

General view of the flight deck of the orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the flight deck of the orbiter Discovery looking forward and overhead at the overhead instrumentation and control panels. This view was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Synergistic Allocation of Flight Expertise on the Flight Deck (SAFEdeck): A Design Concept to Combat Mode Confusion, Complacency, and Skill Loss in the Flight Deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schutte, Paul; Goodrich, Kenneth; Williams, Ralph

2016-01-01

This paper presents a new design and function allocation philosophy between pilots and automation that seeks to support the human in mitigating innate weaknesses (e.g., memory, vigilance) while enhancing their strengths (e.g., adaptability, resourcefulness). In this new allocation strategy, called Synergistic Allocation of Flight Expertise in the Flight Deck (SAFEdeck), the automation and the human provide complementary support and backup for each other. Automation is designed to be compliant with the practices of Crew Resource Management. The human takes a more active role in the normal operation of the aircraft without adversely increasing workload over the current automation paradigm. This designed involvement encourages the pilot to be engaged and ready to respond to unexpected situations. As such, the human may be less prone to error than the current automation paradigm.

Reverse Kinematic Analysis and Uncertainty Analysis of the Space Shuttle AFT Propulsion System (APS) POD Lifting Fixture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brink, Jeffrey S.

2005-01-01

The space shuttle Aft Propulsion System (APS) pod requires precision alignment to be installed onto the orbiter deck. The Ground Support Equipment (GSE) used to perform this task cannot be manipulated along a single Cartesian axis without causing motion along the other Cartesian axes. As a result, manipulations required to achieve a desired motion are not intuitive. My study calculated the joint angles required to align the APS pod, using reverse kinematic analysis techniques. Knowledge of these joint angles will allow the ground support team to align the APS pod more safely and efficiently. An uncertainty analysis was also performed to estimate the accuracy associated with this approach and to determine whether any inexpensive modifications can be made to further improve accuracy.

Flight telerobotic servicer legacy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shattuck, Paul L.; Lowrie, James W.

1992-11-01

The Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) was developed to enhance and provide a safe alternative to human presence in space. The first step for this system was a precursor development test flight (DTF-1) on the Space Shuttle. DTF-1 was to be a pathfinder for manned flight safety of robotic systems. The broad objectives of this mission were three-fold: flight validation of telerobotic manipulator (design, control algorithms, man/machine interfaces, safety); demonstration of dexterous manipulator capabilities on specific building block tasks; and correlation of manipulator performance in space with ground predictions. The DTF-1 system is comprised of a payload bay element (7-DOF manipulator with controllers, end-of-arm gripper and camera, telerobot body with head cameras and electronics module, task panel, and MPESS truss) and an aft flight deck element (force-reflecting hand controller, crew restraint, command and display panel and monitors). The approach used to develop the DTF-1 hardware, software and operations involved flight qualification of components from commercial, military, space, and R controller, end-of-arm tooling, force/torque transducer) and the development of the telerobotic system for space applications. The system is capable of teleoperation and autonomous control (advances state of the art); reliable (two-fault tolerance); and safe (man-rated). Benefits from the development flight included space validation of critical telerobotic technologies and resolution of significant safety issues relating to telerobotic operations in the Shuttle bay or in the vicinity of other space assets. This paper discusses the lessons learned and technology evolution that stemmed from developing and integrating a dexterous robot into a manned system, the Space Shuttle. Particular emphasis is placed on the safety and reliability requirements for a man-rated system as these are the critical factors which drive the overall system architecture. Other topics focused on include: task requirements and operational concepts for servicing and maintenance of space platforms; origins of technology for dexterous robotic systems; issues associated with space qualification of components; and development of the industrial base to support space robotics.

Commander Collins seated in the flight deck commander's station

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-24

S93-E-5033 (23 July 1999) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, mission commander, looks over a procedures checklist at the commander's station on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia on Flight Day 1. The most important event of this day was the deployment of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the world's most powerful X-Ray telescope. The photo was recorded with an electronic still camera (ESC).

Commander Collins seated in the flight deck commander's station

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-07-24

S93-E-5031 (23 July 1999) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, mission commander, looks over a procedures checklist at the commander's station on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia on Flight Day 1. The most important event of this day was the deployment of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the world's most powerful X-Ray telescope. The photo was recorded with an electronic still camera (ESC).

Tani on flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-10-25

S120-E-006761 (25 Oct. 2007) --- Astronaut Daniel Tani, STS-120 mission specialist, appears to like what he sees through the viewfinder of his camera aimed through windows on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. Shortly afterward, Discovery was docked with the International Space Station, which will be Tani's home and work place for the next several months as he switches roles to serve as Expedition 16 flight engineer.

Fish-eye view of STS-112 CDR Ashby on forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-18

STS112-347-001 (18 October 2002) --- A “fish-eye” lens on a 35mm camera records astronaut Jeffrey S. Ashby, STS-112 mission commander, at the commander’s station on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Ashby, attired in his shuttle launch and entry suit, looks over a checklist prior to the entry phase of the flight.

Fish-eye view of PLT Melroy and MS Wolf on forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-18

STS112-337-036 (18 October 2002) --- A “fish-eye” lens on a 35mm camera records astronauts Jeffrey S. Ashby (left), STS-112 mission commander; Pamela A. Melroy, pilot; and David A. Wolf, mission specialist, on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Attired in their shuttle launch and entry suits, the crew prepares for the entry phase of the flight.

Leah Robson, Bridgette Puljiz and Zachary Johnson(back to camera) in the flight deck of NASA's 747 shuttle carrier during Take Your Children to Work Day

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-06-22

Leah Robson and Bridgette Puljiz of Tehachapi (seated) and Zachary Johnson of Palmdale (back to camera) look over the maze of dials and switches in the flight deck of NASA's modified Boeing 747 space shuttle carrier aircraft during Take Your Children to Work Day June 22 at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center.

ARC-1980-AC80-0107-2

NASA Image and Video Library

1980-02-06

The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and right hand aft segments are off-loaded into High Bay 4 in the Vehicle Assembly Building and mated to their respective SRB aft skirts. The two aft assemblies will support the entire 150 foot tall solid boosters, in turn supporting the external tank and Orbiter Columbia on the Mobile Launcher Platform, for the first orbital flight test of the Space Shuttle.

ARC-1980-AC80-0107-3

NASA Image and Video Library

1980-02-06

The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and right hand aft segments are off-loaded into High Bay 4 in the Vehicle Assembly Building and mated to their respective SRB aft skirts. The two aft assemblies will support the entire 150 foot tall solid boosters, in turn supporting the external tank and Orbiter Columbia on the Mobile Launcher Platform, for the first orbital flight test of the Space Shuttle.

Boeing electronic flight bag

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trujillo, Eddie J.; Ellersick, Steven D.

2006-05-01

The Boeing Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) is a key element in the evolutionary process of an "e-enabled" flight deck. The EFB is designed to improve the overall safety, efficiency, and operation of the flight deck and corresponding airline operations by providing the flight crew with better information and enhanced functionality in a user-friendly digital format. The EFB is intended to increase the pilots' situational awareness of the airplane and systems, as well as improve the efficiency of information management. The system will replace documents and forms that are currently stored or carried onto the flight deck and put them, in digital format, at the crew's fingertips. This paper describes what the Boeing EFB is and the significant human factors and interface design issues, trade-offs, and decisions made during development of the display system. In addition, EFB formats, graphics, input control methods, challenges using COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf)-leveraged glass and formatting technology are discussed. The optical design requirements, display technology utilized, brightness control system, reflection challenge, and the resulting optical performance are presented.

Explicit Finite Element Techniques Used to Characterize Splashdown of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Aft Skirt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melis, Matthew E.

2003-01-01

NASA Glenn Research Center s Structural Mechanics Branch has years of expertise in using explicit finite element methods to predict the outcome of ballistic impact events. Shuttle engineers from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA Kennedy Space Flight Center required assistance in assessing the structural loads that a newly proposed thrust vector control system for the space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) aft skirt would expect to see during its recovery splashdown.

STS-27 Atlantis, OV-104, crewmembers on shuttle mission simulator flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-02-03

S88-27505 (3 Feb. 1988) --- Astronauts William M. Shepherd (standing) and Jerry L. Ross, both STS-27 mission specialists, get in some training time on the flight deck of the Shuttle Mission Simulator in the Jake Garn Mission Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Photo credit: NASA

MS Grunsfeld at commander's station on forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-08

STS109-E-5720 (8 March 2002) --- Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, STS-109 payload commander, wearing a portion of the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, occupies the commander’s station on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia. The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

New STS-102 crewmembers Krikalev and Gidzenko in the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-12

STS102-E-5142 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew, prepares to use a camera on Discovery's flight deck. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

RME 1317 - MiSDE VRCS test, flight deck activity with Collins

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-05-19

STS084-310-012 (15-24 May 1997) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-84 pilot, occupies the commander's station on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' flight deck during rendezvous operations with Russia's Mir Space Station. She is looking over notes regarding a Risk Mitigation Experiment (RME) called the Mir Structural Dynamics Experiment (MSDE).

77 FR 41930 - Bleed Air Cleaning and Monitoring Equipment and Technology

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... for the engine and auxiliary power unit bleed air supplied to the passenger cabin and flight deck of a... INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions concerning this action, contact Jim Knight, Research Planning Division, AVP... of removing oil-based contaminants from the bleed air supplied to the passenger cabin and flight deck...

Commander Bloomfield works at the commander's workstation on the flight deck during STS-110

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-04-09

STS110-E-5067 (9 April 2002) --- Astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-110 mission commander, occupying the commander’s station, checks data on the cockpit displays on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The image was taken with a digital still camera.

The use of graphs in the ergonomic evaluation of tall pilots' sitting posture.

PubMed

de Ree, J J

1989-10-01

A survey has shown that the average height of KLM pilots has increased by 18 mm (0.7 in) per decade in the last 20 years. Around 6% are taller than 1905 mm (75.0 in), the upper limit of pilot height for flight deck design. With the use of graphs of the flight deck, we established that the main problem of tall pilots is insufficient legroom. Of all KLM/NLM aircraft types, the Boeing 747-200/300 and the Douglas DC-9 are most uncomfortable for pilots taller than 1960 mm (77.2 in). In the Airbus A310, pilots of 2000 mm (78.7 in) have insufficient legroom. The other aircraft types do not present difficulties for pilots up to 2030 mm (79.9 in). Ergonomic adaptations on the flight decks of the Boeing 747-200/300 and the Airbus A310 are necessary to alleviate the problems of tall pilots. Future aircraft types should be designed to accommodate tall pilots. If ergonomic adaptation of the flight deck is impossible, anthropometric limits for pilot selection have to be employed.

Endeavour's payload bay with the Raphaello module and Canadarm 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

S100-E-5015 (20 April 2001) --- One of the crew members of STS-100 aimed a digital still camera through Endeavour's aft flight deck windows to record this image of the cargo bay, backdropped against a scene of black space and Earth's horizon. Housed in the bay, beyond the docking mechanism in the foreground, is the Italian Space Agency-provided Raffaello cargo module, which is carrying several tons of equipment for the Expedition Two crew and racks of hardware for installation in Destiny which will be used for scientific research in the future. Raffaello, which is the second of three such logistics modules, will be berthed to the ISS on April 23 so its contents can be transferred to the station throughout the course of docked operations. Also in the bay is the 57-foot-long Canadarm2, which will be mounted on the Destiny Laboratory for future station assembly work. Endeavour's Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm can be seen in its berthed position on the port side of the payload bay.

Endeavour's payload bay with the Raphaello module and Canadarm 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

S100-E-5018 (20 April 2001) --- One of the crew members of STS-100 aimed a digital still camera through Endeavour's aft flight deck windows to record this image of the cargo bay, backdropped against a scene of black space and Earth's horizon. Housed in the bay, beyond the docking mechanism in the foreground, is the Italian Space Agency-provided Raffaello cargo module, which is carrying several tons of equipment for the Expedition Two crew and racks of hardware for installation in Destiny which will be used for scientific research in the future. Raffaello, which is the second of three such logistics modules, will be berthed to the ISS on April 23 so its contents can be transferred to the station throughout the course of docked operations. Also in the bay is the 57-foot-long Canadarm2, which will be mounted on the Destiny Laboratory for future station assembly work. Endeavour's Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm can be seen in its berthed position on the port side of the payload bay.

Endeavour's payload bay with the Raphaello module and Canadarm 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

S100-E-5002 (20 April 2001) --- One of the crew members of STS-100 aimed a digital still camera through Endeavour's aft flight deck windows to record this image of the cargo bay, backdropped against a scene of black space and Earth's horizon. Housed in the bay, beyond the docking mechanism in the foreground, is the Italian Space Agency-provided Raffaello cargo module, which is carrying several tons of equipment for the Expedition Two crew and racks of hardware for installation in Destiny which will be used for scientific research in the future. Raffaello, which is the second of three such logistics modules, will be berthed to the ISS on April 23 so its contents can be transferred to the station throughout the course of docked operations. Also in the bay is the 57-foot-long Canadarm2, which will be mounted on the Destiny Laboratory for future station assembly work. Endeavour's Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm can be seen in its berthed position on the port side of the payload bay.

Endeavour's payload bay with the Raphaello module and Canadarm 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

S100-E-5017 (20 April 2001) --- One of the crew members of STS-100 aimed a digital still camera through Endeavour's aft flight deck windows to record this image of the cargo bay, backdropped against a scene of black space and Earth's horizon. Housed in the bay, beyond the docking mechanism in the foreground, is the Italian Space Agency-provided Raffaello cargo module, which is carrying several tons of equipment for the Expedition Two crew and racks of hardware for installation in Destiny which will be used for scientific research in the future. Raffaello, which is the second of three such logistics modules, will be berthed to the ISS on April 23 so its contents can be transferred to the station throughout the course of docked operations. Also in the bay is the 57-foot-long Canadarm2, which will be mounted on the Destiny Laboratory for future station assembly work. Endeavour's Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm can be seen in its berthed position on the port side of the payload bay.

Cockrell and Rominger go through de-orbit preparations in the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-12-06

STS080-360-002 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- From the commander's station on the port side of the space shuttle Columbia's forward flight deck, astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell prepares for a minor firing of Reaction Control System (RCS) engines during operations with the Wake Shield Facility (WSF). The activity was recorded with a 35mm camera on flight day seven. The commander is attired in a liquid-cooled biological garment.

Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) for part 91 and 135 operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krey, Neil C.; Rodgers, Don

1987-01-01

Every flight is characterized by constant change. It is the way each individual crew responds to that change that determines how effectively they will be able to manage their flight deck. The concepts of Flight Deck Management (FDM) is presented. The principles dealt with are applicable to every flight, and the occurrence of change in the conduct of every flight is given. Nothing remains as it is initially perceived. It is then shown how SimuFlite accomplishes training in these concepts. Finally the challenges which are faced as an industry to make FDM more effective are discussed.

Results of tests of Insta-Foam Thermal Protection System (TPS) material for protection of equipment inside the SRB aft skirt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, W. G.

1982-01-01

The objective of these tests was to determine whether Insta-Foam can be used successfully to protect items inside the solid rocket booster aft skirt during reentry. On some of the early Space Shuttle flights the aft skirt heat shield curtain failed during reentry. This allowed the hot gases to damage some of the equipment, etc., inside the skirt. For example, some of the propellant lines were overheated and ruptured and some of the NSI (nozzle severance) cables were damaged. It was suggested that the Insta-Foam thermal protection system be sprayed over these lines, etc., to protect them during future flights in case of a curtain failure. The tests presented were devised and run to check out the feasibility of this idea.

Tiperon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Carl E. (Inventor); Carlton, Lindley A. (Inventor); Saeks, Richard E. (Inventor)

2004-01-01

A control surface for an air vehicle (e.g., an aircraft, rocket, or missile) is useful for flight control at both subsonic and supersonic speeds. The control surface defines the outboardmost tip of a flight structure (e.g., a wing, tail or other stabilizer) of the air vehicle. Hence, the control surface is referred to as a `tiperon`. The tiperon has an approximately L-shaped configuration, and can be rotated relative to a fixed portion of the flight structure about a control axis. The respective surface areas of the tiperon sections forward and aft of the control axis are proportioned to place the subsonic center of pressure aft of the control axis to enhance aircraft control, and preferably also forward of the centroid of tiperon surface area. Also, the control surface sections forward and aft of the control axis are preferably mass-balanced, or at least nearly so, to enhance aircraft control at supersonic speeds. Either of the tiperon sections forward and aft of the control axis can be tapered to reduce the dependence of the moment exerted by air flow about the control axis, upon the tiperon's angle-of-attack. The tiperon also has enough surface area to control the air vehicle, even at low airspeeds. The invention is also directed to air vehicles incorporating one or more such control surfaces.

STS-26 crew on fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Commander Frederick H. Hauck (left) and Pilot Richard O. Covey review checklists in their respective stations on the foward flight deck. The STS-26 crew is training in the fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

75 FR 2787 - Airworthiness Directives; Turbomeca Turmo IV A and IV C Turboshaft Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-19

... inspection before the first flight of the day, an oil leak was found on an engine deck. A circumferential... inspection before the first flight of the day, an oil leak was found on an engine deck. A circumferential... Airworthiness Directives; Turbomeca Turmo IV A and IV C Turboshaft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation...

STS 51-G crew photo on the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-06-22

51G-21-011 (17-24 June 1985) --- Group portrait on flight deck of all seven STS-51G crew members. Left to right (front) are John O. Creighton, Shannon W. Lucid, Daniel C. Brandenstein; and (back row) are Sultan Salman Abdelazize Al-Saud, Steven R. Nagel, John M. Fabian and Patrick Baudry. Photo credit: NASA

Human Factors of Flight-deck Automation: NASA/Industry Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boehm-Davis, D. A.; Curry, R. E.; Wiener, E. L.; Harrison, R. L.

1981-01-01

The scope of automation, the benefits of automation, and automation-induced problems were discussed at a workshop held to determine whether those functions previously performed manually on the flight deck of commercial aircraft should always be automated in view of various human factors. Issues which require research for resolution were identified. The research questions developed are presented.

STS-99 MS Thiele and MS Kavandi work on OV-105's flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-04-03

STS099-327-003 (11-22 February 2000) --- Astronauts Gerhard P.J. Thiele and Janet L. Kavandi of the Red Team check Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data takes on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Both are mission specialists, with Thiele representing the European Space Agency (ESA).

Human engineering analysis for the high speed civil transport flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Regal, David M.; Alter, Keith W.

1993-01-01

The Boeing Company is investigating the feasibility of building a second generation supersonic transport. If current studies support its viability, this airplane, known as the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT), could be launched early in the next century. The HSCT will cruise at Mach 2.4, be over 300 feet long, have an initial range of between 5000 and 6000 NM, and carry approximately 300 passengers. We are presently involved in developing an advanced flight deck for the HSCT. As part of this effort we are undertaking a human engineering analysis that involves a top-down, mission driven approach that will allow a systematic determination of flight deck functional and information requirements. The present paper describes this work.

Diurnal rhythms of visual accommodation and blink responses - Implication for flight-deck visual standards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, M. R.; Randle, R. J.; Williams, B. A.

1977-01-01

Possible 24-h variations in accommodation responses were investigated. A recently developed servo-controlled optometer and focus stimulator were used to obtain monocular accommodation response data on four college-age subjects. No 24-h rhythm in accommodation was shown. Heart rate and blink rate also were measured and periodicity analysis showed a mean 24-h rhythm for both; however, blink rate periodograms were significant for only two of the four subjects. Thus, with the qualifications that college students were tested instead of pilots and that they performed monocular laboratory tasks instead of binocular flight-deck tasks, it is concluded that 24-h rhythms in accommodation responses need not be considered in setting visual standards for flight-deck tasks.

View of Commander (CDR) Scott Altman working on the Flight Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-21

S125-E-013081 (21 May 2009) --- Occupying the commander?s station, astronaut Scott Altman, STS-125 commander, uses the Portable In-Flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. PILOT consists of a laptop computer and a joystick system, which helps to maintain a high level of proficiency for the end-of-mission approach and landing tasks required to bring the shuttle safely back to Earth.

View of STS-125 Crew Members working on the Flight Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-21

S125-E-013050 (21 May 2009) --- Occupying the commander?s station, astronaut Gregory C. Johnson, STS-125 pilot, uses the Portable In-Flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. PILOT consists of a laptop computer and a joystick system, which helps to maintain a high level of proficiency for the end-of-mission approach and landing tasks required to bring the shuttle safely back to Earth.

View of Pilot Gregory Johnson working on the Flight Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-21

S125-E-013040 (21 May 2009) --- Occupying the commander?s station, astronaut Gregory C. Johnson, STS-125 pilot, uses the Portable In-Flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. PILOT consists of a laptop computer and a joystick system, which helps to maintain a high level of proficiency for the end-of-mission approach and landing tasks required to bring the shuttle safely back to Earth.

Commander Young reviews clipboard notes and procedures on forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-04-14

STS001-07-540 (12-14 April 1981) --- Astronaut John W. Young, commander, is seated at his left side station in the flight deck of the space shuttle Columbia. He holds a loose-leaf book in which he recorded data during the flight. Soon after the launch phase of STS-1, astronauts Young and Robert L. Crippen, pilot, changed from their high altitude pressure garments into the light blue constant wear garment. Photo credit: NASA

MS Mastracchio operates the RMS on the flight deck of Atlantis during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-11

STS106-E-5099 (11 September 2000) --- Astronaut Richard A. Mastracchio, mission specialist, stands near viewing windows, video monitors and the controls for the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm (out of frame at left) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis during Flight Day 3 activity. Atlantis was docked with the International Space Station (ISS) when this photo was recorded with an electronic still camera (ESC).

View of compartment A102 bread room from forward to AFT. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of compartment A-102 bread room from forward to AFT. Wood slat decking and ceiling helps to provide adequate air circulation to aid in preservation of flour and baking supplies. Enclosed structure at right of photograph is a portion of the port side coffer dam. The coffer dam ia a partial inner hull to prevent flooding if the outer hull was breached. Originally the coffer dam was filled with water-resistant cellulose mad from corncobs. This material would swell with incoming water if the hull was breached and seal off the hole. Ordinary leakage kept the material wet and created ideal conditions for rot. The material was removed from the coffer dam. Ducts at right provide fresh air to the bread room. (09) - USS Olympia, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

B-1 AFT Nacelle Flow Visualization Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Celniker, Robert

1975-01-01

A 2-month program was conducted to perform engineering evaluation and design tasks to prepare for visualization and photography of the airflow along the aft portion of the B-1 nacelles and nozzles during flight test. Several methods of visualizing the flow were investigated and compared with respect to cost, impact of the device on the flow patterns, suitability for use in the flight environment, and operability throughout the flight. Data were based on a literature search and discussions with the test personnel. Tufts were selected as the flow visualization device in preference to several other devices studied. A tuft installation pattern has been prepared for the right-hand aft nacelle area of B-1 air vehicle No.2. Flight research programs to develop flow visualization devices other than tufts for use in future testing are recommended. A design study was conducted to select a suitable motion picture camera, to select the camera location, and to prepare engineering drawings sufficient to permit installation of the camera. Ten locations on the air vehicle were evaluated before the selection of the location in the horizontal stabilizer actuator fairing. The considerations included cost, camera angle, available volume, environmental control, flutter impact, and interference with antennas or other instrumentation.

Effects of an aft facing step on the surface of a laminar flow glider wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sandlin, Doral R.; Saiki, Neal

1993-01-01

A motor glider was used to perform a flight test study on the effects of aft facing steps in a laminar boundary layer. This study focuses on two dimensional aft facing steps oriented spanwise to the flow. The size and location of the aft facing steps were varied in order to determine the critical size that will force premature transition. Transition over a step was found to be primarily a function of Reynolds number based on step height. Both of the step height Reynolds numbers for premature and full transition were determined. A hot film anemometry system was used to detect transition.

PHOTOGRAPHER: KSC The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

PHOTOGRAPHER: KSC The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and right hand aft segments are off-loaded into High Bay 4 in the Vehicle Assembly Building and mated to their respective SRB aft skirts. The two aft assemblies will support the entire 150 foot tall solid boosters, in turn supporting the external tank and Orbiter Columbia on the Mobile Launcher Platform, for the first orbital flight test of the Space Shuttle.

Photographer: KSC The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Photographer: KSC The first solid rocket booster solid motor segemnts to arrive at KSC, the left and right hand aft segments are off-loaded into High Bay 4 in the Vehicle Assembly Building and mated to their respective SRB aft skirts. The two aft assemblies will support the entire 150 foot tall solid boosters, in turn supporting the external tank and Orbiter Columbia on the Mobile Launcher Platform, for the first orbital flight test of the Space Shuttle.

The airplane: A simulated commercial air transportation study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dauteuil, Mark; Geniesse, Pete; Hunniford, Michael; Lawler, Kathleen; Quirk, Elena; Tognarelli, Michael

1993-01-01

The 'Airplane' is a moderate-range, 70 passenger aircraft. It is designed to serve demands for flights up to 10,000 feet and it cruises at 32 ft/s. The major drivers for the design of the Airplane are economic competitiveness, takeoff performance, and weight minimization. The Airplane is propelled by a single Astro 15 electric motor and a Zinger 12-8 propeller. The wing section is a Spica airfoil which, because of its flat bottom, provides simplicity in manufacturing and thus helps to cut costs. The wing is constructed of a single load bearing mainspar and shape-holding ribs coated with Monokote skin, lending to a light weight structural makeup. The fuselage houses the motor, flight deck and passenger compartments as well as the fuel and control actuating systems. The wing will be attached to the top of the fuselage as will the fuel and control actuator systems for easy disassembly and maintenance. The aircraft is maneuvered about its pitch axis by means of an aft elevator on the flat plate horizontal tail. The twin vertical tail surfaces are also flat plates and each features a rudder for both directional and roll control. Along with wing dihedral, the rudders will be used to roll the aircraft. The Airplane is less costly to operate at its own maximum range and capacity as well as at its maximum range and the HB-40's maximum capacity than the HB-40.

Coherent structures in a supersonic complex nozzle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magstadt, Andrew; Berry, Matthew; Glauser, Mark

2016-11-01

The jet flow from a complex supersonic nozzle is studied through experimental measurements. The nozzle's geometry is motivated by future engine designs for high-performance civilian and military aircraft. This rectangular jet has a single plane of symmetry, an additional shear layer (referred to as a wall jet), and an aft deck representative of airframe integration. The core flow operates at a Mach number of Mj , c = 1 . 6 , and the wall jet is choked (Mj , w = 1 . 0). This high Reynolds number jet flow is comprised of intense turbulence levels, an intricate shock structure, shear and boundary layers, and powerful corner vortices. In the present study, stereo PIV measurements are simultaneously sampled with high-speed pressure measurements, which are embedded in the aft deck, and far-field acoustics in the anechoic chamber at Syracuse University. Time-resolved schlieren measurements have indicated the existence of strong flow events at high frequencies, at a Strouhal number of St = 3 . 4 . These appear to result from von Kàrmàn vortex shedding within the nozzle and pervade the entire flow and acoustic domain. Proper orthogonal decomposition is applied on the current data to identify coherent structures in the jet and study the influence of this vortex street. AFOSR Turbulence and Transition Program (Grant No. FA9550-15-1-0435) with program managers Dr. I. Leyva and Dr. R. Ponnappan.

View of Pilot Gregory Johnson working on the Flight Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-21

S125-E-013042 (21 May 2009) --- Occupying the commander?s station, astronaut Gregory C. Johnson, STS-125 pilot, uses the Portable In-Flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. PILOT consists of a laptop computer and a joystick system, which helps to maintain a high level of proficiency for the end-of-mission approach and landing tasks required to bring the shuttle safely back to Earth. Astronaut Scott Altman, commander, looks on.

Commander Crippen at Forward Flight Deck Commanders Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-24

STS007-31-1614 & S83-35775 (24 June 1983) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen is seen at the commander’s station of the Space Shuttle Challenger as it passes through the Earth’s atmosphere on re-entry. The friction results in a pinkish glow visible through the forward windows on the flight deck. The scene was exposed with a 35mm camera.

Social psychology on the flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, R. L.

1980-01-01

Social psychological and personality factors that can influence resource management on the flight deck are discussed. It is argued that personality and situational factors intersect to determine crew responses and that assessment of performance under full crew and mission conditions can provide the most valuable information about relevant factors. The possibility of training procedures to improve performance on these dimensions is discussed.

Astronaut William Readdy on flight deck wearing sun glasses

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-15

STS051-16-012 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- On Discovery's forward flight deck, astronaut William F. Readdy, pilot, wears shades to block out bright sunshine. Much of the sunshine that normally would be coming through forward windows is blocked by an array of portable computers. Readdy was joined by four other NASA astronauts for almost ten full days in space.

Astronaut Marsha Ivins with thermal imaging project on flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-03-05

STS062-04-005 (4-18 March 1994) --- Astronaut Marsha S. Ivins has her hands full with a thermal imaging project on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia as astronaut Pierre J. Thuot stands by to help. The two mission specialists were joined by three other veteran NASA astronauts for almost 14 full days in Earth-orbit.

Astronaut Kevin Chilton displays map of Scandinavia on flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Kevin P. Chilton, pilot, displays a map of Scandinavia on the Space Shuttle Endeavour's flight deck. Large scale maps such as this were used by the crew to locate specific sites of interest to the Space Radar Laboratory scientists. The crew then photographed the sites at the same time as the radar in the payload bay imaged them.

STS-40 orbiter Columbia payload bay aft firewall and thermal insulation

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-09

STS040-031-030 (5-14 June 1991) --- Early on the first day of STS-40, the crew noticed that some of the thermal material on the aft firewall had loosened. They shot this 35mm frame of the area, which proved to pose no problems for the flight.

Situational Awareness Issues in the Implementation of Datalink: Shared Situational Awareness in the Joint Flight Deck-ATC Aviation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansman, Robert John, Jr.

1999-01-01

MIT has investigated Situational Awareness issues relating to the implementation of Datalink in the Air Traffic Control environment for a number of years under this grant activity. This work has investigated: 1) The Effect of "Party Line" Information. 2) The Effect of Datalink-Enabled Automated Flight Management Systems (FMS) on Flight Crew Situational Awareness. 3) The Effect of Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) on Situational Awareness During Close Parallel Approaches. 4) Analysis of Flight Path Management Functions in Current and Future ATM Environments. 5) Human Performance Models in Advanced ATC Automation: Flight Crew and Air Traffic Controllers. 6) CDTI of Datalink-Based Intent Information in Advanced ATC Environments. 7) Shared Situational Awareness between the Flight Deck and ATC in Datalink-Enabled Environments. 8) Analysis of Pilot and Controller Shared SA Requirements & Issues. 9) Development of Robust Scenario Generation and Distributed Simulation Techniques for Flight Deck ATC Simulation. 10) Methods of Testing Situation Awareness Using Testable Response Techniques. The work is detailed in specific technical reports that are listed in the following bibliography, and are attached as an appendix to the master final technical report.

STS-79 crew on flight deck after launch

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-29

STS079-348-004 (16 Sept. 1996) --- Soon after the space shuttle Atlantis completed its rocket mode ascent to Earth-orbit, astronaut Terrence W. Wilcutt, pilot, begins to ready the Orbiter for ten days of orbiting Earth by activating switches on the flight deck's right overhead panel. Though the launch was a nocturnal one, the crew experienced its first sunrise just after Atlantis achieved its orbital posture.

STS-43 Pilot Baker eats a sandwich on OV-104's forward flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-08-11

STS043-02-020 (2-11 Aug. 1991) --- Astronaut Michael A. Baker, STS-43 pilot, seated at the forward flight deck pilot station controls of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, eats a free-floating peanut butter and jelly sandwich while holding a carrot. Surrounding Baker are procedural checklists, control panels, and windows. A lemonade drink bag is velcroed to overhead panel.

Review of Our National Heritage of Launch Vehicles Using Aerodynamic Surfaces and Current Use of These by Other Nations. Part II; Center Director's Discretionary Fund Project Numbe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barret, C.

1996-01-01

Marshall Space Flight Center has a rich heritage of launch vehicles that have used aerodynamic surfaces for flight stability and for flight control. Recently, due to the aft center-of-gravity (cg) locations on launch vehicles currently being studied, the need has arisen for the vehicle control augmentation that can be provided by these flight controls. Aerodynamic flight control can also reduce engine gimbaling requirements, provide actuator failure protection, enhance crew safety, and increase vehicle reliability and payload capability. As a starting point for the novel design of aerodynamic flight control augmentors for a Saturn class, aft cg launch vehicle, this report undertakes a review of our national heritage of launch vehicles using aerodynamic surfaces, along with a survey of current use of aerodynamic surfaces on large launch vehicles of other nations. This report presents one facet of Center Director's Discretionary Fund Project 93-05 and has a previous and subsequent companion publication.

An Analytical Explanation for the X-43A Flush Air Data Sensing System Pressure Mismatch Between Flight and Theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellsworth, Joel C.

2010-01-01

Following the successful Mach 7 flight test of the X-43A, unexpectedly low pressures were measured by the aft set of the onboard Flush Air Data Sensing System s pressure ports. These in-flight aft port readings were significantly lower below Mach 3.5 than was predicted by theory. The same lower readings were also seen in the Mach 10 flight of the X-43A and in wind-tunnel data. The pre-flight predictions were developed based on 2-dimensional wedge flow, which fails to predict some of the significant 3-dimensional flow features in this geometry at lower Mach numbers. Using Volterra s solution to the wave equation as a starting point, a three-dimensional finite wedge approximation to flow over the X-43A forebody is presented. The surface pressures from this approximation compare favorably with the measured wind tunnel and flight data at speeds of Mach 2.5 and 3.

Line Pilots' Attitudes about and Experience with Flight Deck Automation: Results of an International Survey and Proposed Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rudisill, Marianne

1995-01-01

A survey of line pilots' attitudes about flight deck automation was conducted by the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine (RAF IAM, Farnborough, UK) under the sponsorship of the United Kingdom s Civil Aviation Authority and in cooperation with IATA (the International Air Transport Association). Survey freehand comments given by pilots operating 13 types of commercial transports across five manufacturers (Airbus, Boeing, British Aerospace, Lockheed, and McDonnell-Douglas) and 57 air carriers/organizations were analyzed by NASA. These data provide a "lessons learned" knowledge base which may be used for the definition of guidelines for flight deck automation and its associated crew interface within the High Speed Research Program. The aircraft chosen for analysis represented a progression of levels of automation sophistication and complexity, from "Basic" types (e.g., B727, DC9), through "Transition" types (e.g., A300, Concorde), to two levels of glass cockpits (e.g., Glass 1: e.g., A310; Glass 2: e.g., B747-400). This paper reports the results of analyses of comments from pilots flying commercial transport types having the highest level of automation sophistication (B757/B767, B747-400, and A320). Comments were decomposed into five categories relating to: (1) general observations with regard to flight deck automation; comments concerning the (2) design and (3) crew understanding of automation and the crew interface; (4) crew operations with automation; and (5) personal factors affecting crew/automation interaction. The goal of these analyses is to contribute to the definition of guidelines which may be used during design of future aircraft flight decks.

30. Engine controls and valve gear, looking aft on main ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. Engine controls and valve gear, looking aft on main (promenade) deck level. Threaded admission valve lift rods (two at immediate left of chronometer) permit adjustment of valve timing in lower and upper admission valves of cylinder (left rod controls lower valve, right rod upper valve). Valve rods are lifted by jaw-like "wipers" during operation. Exhaust valve lift rods and wipers are located to right of chronometer. Crank at extreme right drives valve wiper shaft when engaged to end of eccentric rod, shown under "Crank Indicator" dial. Pair of handles to immediate left of admission valve rods control condenser water valves; handles to right of exhaust valve rods control feedwater flow to boilers from pumps. Gauges indicate boiler pressure (left) and condenser vacuum (right); "Crank Indicator" on wall aids engineer in keeping engine crank off "dead-center" at stop so that engine may be easily restarted. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

Earth-to-orbit propellant transportation overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fester, D.

1984-01-01

The transportation of large quantities of cryogenic propellants which are needed to support Space Station/OTV operation is discussed. Two ways to send propellants into space are: transporting them in dedicated tankers or scavenging unused STS propellant. Scavenging propellant, both with and without an aft cargo carrier system is examined. An average of two to four flights per year can be saved by scavenging and manifesting propellant as payload. Addition of an aft cargo carrier permits loading closer to maximum, reduces the required number of flights, and reduces the propellant available for scavenging. Sufficient propellant remains, however, for OTV needs.

STS-27 crew poses for inflight portrait on forward flight deck with football

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-12-06

STS027-11-012 (2-6 Dec. 1988) --- The crew members for the STS-27 space flight pose on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis with a football free-floating in the foreground. Left to right are astronauts Robert L. Gibson, commander; Richard M. (Mike) Mullane, Jerry L. Ross and William M. Shepherd, mission specialists; and Guy S. Gardner, pilot. The football was later presented to the National Football League (NFL) at halftime of the Super Bowl in Miami. Photo credit: NASA

Acoustic Measurements of Rectangular Nozzles with Bevel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James E.

2012-01-01

A series of convergent rectangular nozzles of aspect ratios 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 were constructed with uniform exit velocity profiles. Additional nozzles were constructed that extended the wide lip on one side of these nozzles to form beveled nozzles. Far-field acoustic measurements were made and analyzed, and the results presented. The impact of aspect ratio on jet noise was similar to that of enhanced mixing devices: reduction in aft, peak frequency noise with an increase in broadside, high frequency noise. Azimuthally, it was found that rectangular jets produced more noise directed away from their wide sides than from their narrow sides. The azimuthal dependence decreased at aft angles where noise decreased. The effect of temperature, keeping acoustic Mach number constant, was minimal. Since most installations would have the observer on the wide size of the nozzle, the increased high frequency noise has a deleterious impact on the observer. Extending one wide side of the rectangular nozzle, evocative of an aft deck in an installed propulsion system, increased the noise of the jet with increasing length. The impact of both aspect ratio and bevel length were relatively well behaved, allowing a simple bilinear model to be constructed relative to a simple round jet.

STS-56 Pilot Oswald uses SAREX on forward flight deck of Discovery, OV-103

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 Pilot Stephen S. Oswald, wearing headset, uses the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment II (SAREX-II) while sitting at the pilots station on the forward flight deck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Oswald smiles from behind the microphone as he talks to amateur radio operators on Earth via the SAREX equipment. SAREX cables and the interface module freefloat in front of Oswald. The antenna located in forward flight deck window W6 is visible in the background. SAREX was established by NASA, the American Radio League/Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation and the JSC Amateur Radio Club to encourage public participation in the space program through a program to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducting short-wave radio transmissions between the Shuttle and ground-based radio operators at low-cost ground stations with amateur and digital techniques. As on several previous missions, SAREX was used on this flight as an educational opportunity for students around the world to learn ab

Study to determine potential flight applications and human factors design guidelines for voice recognition and synthesis systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, R. W.; Parks, D. L.

1985-07-01

A study was conducted to determine potential commercial aircraft flight deck applications and implementation guidelines for voice recognition and synthesis. At first, a survey of voice recognition and synthesis technology was undertaken to develop a working knowledge base. Then, numerous potential aircraft and simulator flight deck voice applications were identified and each proposed application was rated on a number of criteria in order to achieve an overall payoff rating. The potential voice recognition applications fell into five general categories: programming, interrogation, data entry, switch and mode selection, and continuous/time-critical action control. The ratings of the first three categories showed the most promise of being beneficial to flight deck operations. Possible applications of voice synthesis systems were categorized as automatic or pilot selectable and many were rated as being potentially beneficial. In addition, voice system implementation guidelines and pertinent performance criteria are proposed. Finally, the findings of this study are compared with those made in a recent NASA study of a 1995 transport concept.

Study to determine potential flight applications and human factors design guidelines for voice recognition and synthesis systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, R. W.; Parks, D. L.

1985-01-01

A study was conducted to determine potential commercial aircraft flight deck applications and implementation guidelines for voice recognition and synthesis. At first, a survey of voice recognition and synthesis technology was undertaken to develop a working knowledge base. Then, numerous potential aircraft and simulator flight deck voice applications were identified and each proposed application was rated on a number of criteria in order to achieve an overall payoff rating. The potential voice recognition applications fell into five general categories: programming, interrogation, data entry, switch and mode selection, and continuous/time-critical action control. The ratings of the first three categories showed the most promise of being beneficial to flight deck operations. Possible applications of voice synthesis systems were categorized as automatic or pilot selectable and many were rated as being potentially beneficial. In addition, voice system implementation guidelines and pertinent performance criteria are proposed. Finally, the findings of this study are compared with those made in a recent NASA study of a 1995 transport concept.

View of STS-134 Commander Kelly on the Flight Deck

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-05-16

S134-E-005608 (16 May 2011) --- Astronaut Mark Kelly, STS-134 commander, gets down to work soon after Endeavour reaches Earth orbit. Kelly is seated at the commander's station on the shuttle's forward flight deck. Five other veteran crew members are joining the commander on a 16-day mission, much of which will be devoted to work on the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery looking forward from behind the commander's seat looking towards the pilot's station. Note the numerous Velcro pads located throughout the crew compartment, used to secure frequently used items when in zero gravity. This image was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Hoshide in intra-deck hatch

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-06-01

S124-E-005419 (1 June 2008) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, STS-124 mission specialist, smiles for a photo while in the hatch which connects the flight deck and middeck of Space Shuttle Discovery.

6. DECK #4 TOPSIDE FROM NORTHEAST CORNER END PIECE FOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. DECK #4 TOPSIDE FROM NORTHEAST CORNER END PIECE FOR ROBOTIC ARM FOR ANCHORING ASTRONAUT FOR MECHANICAL WORK. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Facility, Rideout Road, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

A Flight Deck Decision Support Tool for Autonomous Airborne Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ballin, Mark G.; Sharma, Vivek; Vivona, Robert A.; Johnson, Edward J.; Ramiscal, Ermin

2002-01-01

NASA is developing a flight deck decision support tool to support research into autonomous operations in a future distributed air/ground traffic management environment. This interactive real-time decision aid, referred to as the Autonomous Operations Planner (AOP), will enable the flight crew to plan autonomously in the presence of dense traffic and complex flight management constraints. In assisting the flight crew, the AOP accounts for traffic flow management and airspace constraints, schedule requirements, weather hazards, aircraft operational limits, and crew or airline flight-planning goals. This paper describes the AOP and presents an overview of functional and implementation design considerations required for its development. Required AOP functionality is described, its application in autonomous operations research is discussed, and a prototype software architecture for the AOP is presented.

Flight Deck Weather Avoidance Decision Support: Implementation and Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Shu-Chieh; Luna, Rocio; Johnson, Walter W.

2013-01-01

Weather related disruptions account for seventy percent of the delays in the National Airspace System (NAS). A key component in the weather plan of the Next Generation of Air Transportation System (NextGen) is to assimilate observed weather information and probabilistic forecasts into the decision process of flight crews and air traffic controllers. In this research we explore supporting flight crew weather decision making through the development of a flight deck predicted weather display system that utilizes weather predictions generated by ground-based radar. This system integrates and presents this weather information, together with in-flight trajectory modification tools, within a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) prototype. that the CDTI features 2D and perspective 3D visualization models of weather. The weather forecast products that we implemented were the Corridor Integrated Weather System (CIWS) and the Convective Weather Avoidance Model (CWAM), both developed by MIT Lincoln Lab. We evaluated the use of CIWS and CWAM for flight deck weather avoidance in two part-task experiments. Experiment 1 compared pilots' en route weather avoidance performance in four weather information conditions that differed in the type and amount of predicted forecast (CIWS current weather only, CIWS current and historical weather, CIWS current and forecast weather, CIWS current and forecast weather and CWAM predictions). Experiment 2 compared the use of perspective 3D and 21/2D presentations of weather for flight deck weather avoidance. Results showed that pilots could take advantage of longer range predicted weather forecasts in performing en route weather avoidance but more research will be needed to determine what combinations of information are optimal and how best to present them.

Dreaming on Mars: How Curiosity Performs Actuator Warm-Up While Sleeping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Gene Y.; Donaldson, James A.

2013-01-01

Before the Curiosity rover can perform its science activities for the day, such as driving, moving its robotic arm, or drilling, it first has to ensure that its actuators are within their allowable flight temperatures (AFTs). When the rover is awake, flight software uses heaters to warm up and maintain thermal zones at operational temperatures. However, Curiosity spends about 70% of its time sleeping, with the flight computer off, in order to conserve energy. Dream Mode is a special behavior that allows the rover to execute warm-up activities while sleeping. Using Dream Mode, actuators can be warmed up to their AFTs before the flight computer wakes up and uses them - saving power and improving operational efficiency. This paper describes the motivation behind Dream Mode, how it was implemented and tested on Curiosity, and the challenges and lessons learned along the way.

The role of the real-time simulation facility, SIMFAC, in the design, development and performance verification of the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) with man-in-the-loop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccllough, J. R.; Sharpe, A.; Doetsch, K. H.

1980-01-01

The SIMFAC has played a vital role in the design, development, and performance verification of the shuttle remote manipulator system (SRMS) to be installed in the space shuttle orbiter. The facility provides for realistic man-in-the-loop operation of the SRMS by an operator in the operator complex, a flightlike crew station patterned after the orbiter aft flight deck with all necessary man machine interface elements, including SRMS displays and controls and simulated out-of-the-window and CCTV scenes. The characteristics of the manipulator system, including arm and joint servo dynamics and control algorithms, are simulated by a comprehensive mathematical model within the simulation subsystem of the facility. Major studies carried out using SIMFAC include: SRMS parameter sensitivity evaluations; the development, evaluation, and verification of operating procedures; and malfunction simulation and analysis of malfunction performance. Among the most important and comprehensive man-in-the-loop simulations carried out to date on SIMFAC are those which support SRMS performance verification and certification when the SRMS is part of the integrated orbiter-manipulator system.

KSC-04PD-2561

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. In a Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) high bay, workers monitor the movement of a Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) aft center segment as it is lowered toward an aft segment already secured to a Mobile Launch Platform. These segments are part of the right SRB for the Space Shuttle Return to Flight mission, STS-114. Two SRBs are stacked on a Mobile Launch Platform for each Shuttle flight and later joined by an External Tank. The twin 149-foot tall, 12-foot diameter SRBs provide the main propulsion system during launch. They operate in parallel with the Space Shuttle main engines for the first two minutes of flight and jettison away from the orbiter with help from the Booster Separation Motors, about 26.3 nautical miles above the Earths surface.