Sample records for agent accountability sheet

  1. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts. 232.4 Section 232.4 Shipping... ACTIVITIES UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Balance Sheet § 232.4 Balance sheet accounts. (a.... (b) Purpose of balance sheet accounts. The balance sheet accounts are intended to disclose the...

  2. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts. 232.4 Section 232.4 Shipping... ACTIVITIES UNIFORM FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Balance Sheet § 232.4 Balance sheet accounts. (a.... (b) Purpose of balance sheet accounts. The balance sheet accounts are intended to disclose the...

  3. 47 CFR 32.101 - Structure of the balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Structure of the balance sheet accounts. 32.101... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.101 Structure of the balance sheet accounts. The Balance Sheet accounts shall be maintained as follows...

  4. 47 CFR 32.101 - Structure of the balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Structure of the balance sheet accounts. 32.101... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.101 Structure of the balance sheet accounts. The Balance Sheet accounts shall be maintained as follows...

  5. 47 CFR 32.103 - Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.103 Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained. Balance sheet accounts to be maintained by Class A and Class B telephone companies for other than...

  6. 47 CFR 32.103 - Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.103 Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained. Balance sheet accounts to be maintained by Class A and Class B telephone companies for other than...

  7. 47 CFR 32.3000 - Instructions for balance sheet accounts-Depreciation and amortization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Instructions for balance sheet accounts-Depreciation and amortization. 32.3000 Section 32.3000 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.3000 Instructions for balance sheet accounts—Depreciation and...

  8. 47 CFR 32.3000 - Instructions for balance sheet accounts-Depreciation and amortization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Instructions for balance sheet accounts-Depreciation and amortization. 32.3000 Section 32.3000 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.3000 Instructions for balance sheet accounts—Depreciation and...

  9. 47 CFR 32.3999 - Instructions for balance sheet accounts-liabilities and stockholders' equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Instructions for balance sheet accounts-liabilities and stockholders' equity. 32.3999 Section 32.3999 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS... Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.3999 Instructions for balance sheet accounts—liabilities and...

  10. 47 CFR 32.3999 - Instructions for balance sheet accounts-liabilities and stockholders' equity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Instructions for balance sheet accounts-liabilities and stockholders' equity. 32.3999 Section 32.3999 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS... Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.3999 Instructions for balance sheet accounts—liabilities and...

  11. 14 CFR Sec. 1-4 - System of accounts coding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... General Accounting Provisions Sec. 1-4 System of accounts coding. (a) A four digit control number is assigned for each balance sheet and profit and loss account. Each balance sheet account is numbered sequentially, within blocks, designating basic balance sheet classifications. The first two digits of the four...

  12. 14 CFR Section 3 - Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts Section 3 Section 3 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION... Balance Sheet Classifications Section 3 Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts [See footnotes at end of table...

  13. 14 CFR Section 3 - Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts Section 3 Section 3 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION... Balance Sheet Classifications Section 3 Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts [See footnotes at end of table...

  14. Basic in vitro experiment on the adhesive effects of sheet-type hemostatic agents used in combination with a liquid fibrin sealant.

    PubMed

    Ishii, Keiichi; Kawashima, Hideki; Hayama, Takuma; Mayabashira, Sumika; Oka, Shiro; Sugimoto, Toshikado

    2011-11-01

    Various hemostatic agents have been used quite effectively for hemostasis, as well as for providing effective adhesion during laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. In this study, we investigated the adhesiveness to the renal tissue of some sheet-type hemostatic agents used in combination with a liquid fibrin sealant. In Experiment A, component solutions of the fibrin glue (liquid fibrin sealant) were dripped onto a kite string placed annularly on a porcine kidney slice. Then, one of the sheet-type hemostats--namely, the collagen, gelatin, or cellulose hemostat--was placed on the slices, and a string scale was used to measure the force needed to pull the string apart vertically from the kidney slice. Twelve slices were used for each group, and the weight data were analyzed statistically. The tissue adhering to each sheet-type hemostatic agent was fixed in formalin and sliced and then examined by light microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining. In Experiment B, the solutions were dripped onto the sheet-type hemostatic agent placed first on the slice, and the force needed for pulling apart the hemostat sheet from the slice was similarly examined. The combination of fibrin glue plus a collagen hemostat was clearly superior in Experiment A, but the hemostat and renal tissue could be pulled apart more easily in Experiment B. These results showed that fibrin glue could not exert its expected adhesive effect unless it is used in combination with another hemostatic agent or is directly applied to renal tissue. It is important to obtain further comparative data among agents and select the appropriate agents, taking into consideration the type of surgery.

  15. Sequentially bridged graphene sheets with high strength, toughness, and electrical conductivity

    PubMed Central

    Wan, Sijie; Li, Yuchen; Mu, Jiuke; Aliev, Ali E.; Fang, Shaoli; Kotov, Nicholas A.; Jiang, Lei; Cheng, Qunfeng; Baughman, Ray H.

    2018-01-01

    We here show that infiltrated bridging agents can convert inexpensively fabricated graphene platelet sheets into high-performance materials, thereby avoiding the need for a polymer matrix. Two types of bridging agents were investigated for interconnecting graphene sheets, which attach to sheets by either π–π bonding or covalent bonding. When applied alone, the π–π bonding agent is most effective. However, successive application of the optimized ratio of π–π bonding and covalent bonding agents provides graphene sheets with the highest strength, toughness, fatigue resistance, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, and resistance to ultrasonic dissolution. Raman spectroscopy measurements of stress transfer to graphene platelets allow us to decipher the mechanisms of property improvement. In addition, the degree of orientation of graphene platelets increases with increasing effectiveness of the bonding agents, and the interlayer spacing increases. Compared with other materials that are strong in all directions within a sheet, the realized tensile strength (945 MPa) of the resin-free graphene platelet sheets was higher than for carbon nanotube or graphene platelet composites, and comparable to that of commercially available carbon fiber composites. The toughness of these composites, containing the combination of π–π bonding and covalent bonding, was much higher than for these other materials having high strengths for all in-plane directions, thereby opening the path to materials design of layered nanocomposites using multiple types of quantitatively engineered chemical bonds between nanoscale building blocks. PMID:29735659

  16. The acquisition of dangerous biological materials: Technical facts sheets to assist risk assessments of 46 potential BW agents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aceto, Donato Gonzalo; Astuto-Gribble, Lisa M.; Gaudioso, Jennifer M.

    Numerous terrorist organizations have openly expressed interest in producing and deploying biological weapons. However, a limiting factor for many terrorists has been the acquisition of dangerous biological agents, as evidenced by the very few successful instances of biological weapons use compared to the number of documented hoaxes. Biological agents vary greatly in their ability to cause loss of life and economic damage. Some agents, if released properly, can kill many people and cause an extensive number of secondary infections; other agents will sicken only a small number of people for a short period of time. Consequently, several biological agents canmore » potentially be used to perpetrate a bioterrorism attack but few are likely capable of causing a high consequence event. It is crucial, from a US national security perspective, to more deeply understand the likelihood that terrorist organizations can acquire the range of these agents. Few studies have attempted to comprehensively compile the technical information directly relevant to the acquisition of dangerous bacteria, viruses and toxins. In this report, technical fact sheets were assembled for 46 potentially dangerous biological agents. Much of the information was taken from various research sources which could ultimately and significantly expedite and improve bioterrorism threat assessments. By systematically examining a number of specific agent characteristics included in these fact sheets, it may be possible to detect, target, and implement measures to thwart future terrorist acquisition attempts. In addition, the information in these fact sheets may be used as a tool to help laboratories gain a rudimentary understanding of how attractive a method laboratory theft is relative to other potential acquisition modes.« less

  17. Discussion on water resources value accounting and its application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Biying; Huang, Xiaorong; Ma, Kai; Gao, Linyun; Wang, Yanqiu

    2018-06-01

    The exploration of the compilation of natural resources balance sheet has been proposed since 2013. Several elements of water resources balance sheet have been discussed positively in China, including basic concept, framework and accounting methods, which focused on calculating the amount of water resources with statistical methods but lacked the analysis of the interrelationship between physical volume and magnitude of value. Based on the study of physical accounting of water resources balance sheet, the connotation of water resources value is analyzed in combination with research on the value of water resources in the world. What's more, the theoretical framework, form of measurement and research methods of water resources value accounting are further explored. Taking Chengdu, China as an example, the index system of water resources balance sheet in Chengdu which includes both physical and valuable volume is established to account the depletion of water resources, environmental damage and ecological water occupation caused by economic and social water use. Moreover, the water resources balance sheet in this region which reflects the negative impact of the economy on the environment is established. It provides a reference for advancing water resources management, improving government and social investment, realizing scientific and rational allocation of water resources.

  18. new lease accounting and health care.

    PubMed

    Berman, Mindy

    2016-05-01

    Recently released lease accounting standards from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) present three significant challenges for healthcare organizations: All leases must be reported on a company's balance sheet, increasing liabilities on the balance sheets of healthcare organizations considerably. Contractual agreements not previously considered leases will now be treated as leases. Classification of some equipment leases could change.

  19. Water Accounting Plus (WA+) - a water accounting procedure for complex river basins based on satellite measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karimi, P.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Molden, D.

    2012-11-01

    Coping with the issue of water scarcity and growing competition for water among different sectors requires proper water management strategies and decision processes. A pre-requisite is a clear understanding of the basin hydrological processes, manageable and unmanageable water flows, the interaction with land use and opportunities to mitigate the negative effects and increase the benefits of water depletion on society. Currently, water professionals do not have a common framework that links hydrological flows to user groups of water and their benefits. The absence of a standard hydrological and water management summary is causing confusion and wrong decisions. The non-availability of water flow data is one of the underpinning reasons for not having operational water accounting systems for river basins in place. In this paper we introduce Water Accounting Plus (WA+), which is a new framework designed to provide explicit spatial information on water depletion and net withdrawal processes in complex river basins. The influence of land use on the water cycle is described explicitly by defining land use groups with common characteristics. Analogous to financial accounting, WA+ presents four sheets including (i) a resource base sheet, (ii) a consumption sheet, (iii) a productivity sheet, and (iv) a withdrawal sheet. Every sheet encompasses a set of indicators that summarize the overall water resources situation. The impact of external (e.g. climate change) and internal influences (e.g. infrastructure building) can be estimated by studying the changes in these WA+ indicators. Satellite measurements can be used for 3 out of the 4 sheets, but is not a precondition for implementing WA+ framework. Data from hydrological models and water allocation models can also be used as inputs to WA+.

  20. Use of acrylic sheet molds for elastomeric products

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heisman, R. M.; Koerner, A. E.; Messineo, S. M.

    1970-01-01

    Molds constructed of acrylic sheet are more easily machined than metal, are transparent to ensure complete filling during injection, and have smooth surfaces free of contamination. Technique eliminates flashing on molded parts and mold release agents.

  1. One-pot exfoliation, functionalization, and size manipulation of graphene sheets: efficient system for biomedical applications.

    PubMed

    Bani, Farhad; Bodaghi, Ali; Dadkhah, Abbas; Movahedi, Soodabeh; Bodaghabadi, Narges; Sadeghizadeh, Majid; Adeli, Mohsen

    2018-05-01

    In this work, we reported a facile method to produce stable aqueous graphene dispersion through direct exfoliation of graphite by modified hyperbranched polyglycerol. Size of graphene sheets was manipulated by simultaneous exfoliation and sonication of graphite, and functionalized graphene sheets with narrow size distribution were obtained. The polyglycerol-functionalized graphene sheets exhibited highly efficient cellular uptake and photothermal conversion, enabling it to serve as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy.

  2. Anti-adhesive effects of a newly developed two-layered gelatin sheet in dogs.

    PubMed

    Torii, Hiroko; Takagi, Toshitaka; Urabe, Mamoru; Tsujimoto, Hiroyuki; Ozamoto, Yuki; Miyamoto, Hiroe; Ikada, Yoshihito; Hagiwara, Akeo

    2017-08-01

    Adhesion after pelvic surgery causes infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and ileus or abdominal pain. The materials currently available for clinical use are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to develop an anti-adhesive material that overcomes the limitations of conventional anti-adhesive agents. The adhesion prevention effects of three methods - a two-layered sheet composed of gelatin film and gelatin sponge, Seprafilm and INTERCEED - were evaluated in 37 dogs. Anti-adhesive effects were investigated macroscopically and microscopically in a cauterized uterus adhesion model. Cell growth on the materials in vitro using human peritoneal mesothelial cells, fibroblasts and uterine smooth muscle cells were also evaluated. The two-layered gelatin sheet had significantly superior anti-adhesive effects compared to the conventional materials (Seprafilm and INTERCEED). A single-cell layer of mature mesothelium formed three weeks after surgery in the gelatin group. Peritoneum regeneration in the Seprafilm and INTERCEED groups was delayed and incomplete in the early phase. Little inflammation around the materials occurred and cell growth was significantly proliferated with the gelatin sheet. The anti-adhesive effects of a two-layered gelatin sheet were superior to conventional agents in a cauterized canine uterus model, demonstrating early regeneration of the peritoneum, little inflammation and material endurance. The newly developed two-layered gelatin sheet is a useful option as an anti-adhesive agent for deeply injured and hemorrhagic sites. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

  3. Insulation Fact Sheet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conservation and Renewable Energy Inquiry and Referral Service (DOE), Silver Spring, MD.

    Heating and cooling account for 50-70% of the energy consumed in the average American home. Heating water accounts for another 20%. A poorly insulated home loses much of this energy, causing drafty rooms and high energy bills. This fact sheet discusses how to determine if your home needs more insulation, the additional thermal resistance (called…

  4. 14 CFR Section 4 - General

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS Balance Sheet Classifications Section 4 General (a) The balance sheet accounts are designed to show the financial condition of the air... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General Section 4 Section 4 Aeronautics and...

  5. 47 CFR 32.4130 - Other current liabilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4130... separately the amount and nature of the items accrued to the date of the balance sheet. (e) Matured rents... indebtedness of the company, dividends on capital stock, and rents accrued to the date for which the balance...

  6. The use of smoke acid as an alternative coagulating agent for natural rubber sheets' production.

    PubMed

    Ferreira, Vanda S; Rêgo, Ione N C; Pastore, Floriano; Mandai, Mariana M; Mendes, Leonardo S; Santos, Karin A M; Rubim, Joel C; Suarez, Paulo A Z

    2005-03-01

    A comparative study of rubber sheets obtained using formic, acetic, and smoke acid as coagulants is shown for latex obtained from native Amazonian trees and also from commercial cultivated trees. The evaluation of both processes of coagulation was carried out by spectroscopic and physical-chemical analysis, showing no differences in the rubber sheets obtained. This new method of rubber sheet preparation was introduced into Amazonian rainforest rubber tapper communities, which are actually producing in large scale. The physical-mechanical properties were similar among a large sheets made by different rubber tapper communities using this new method.

  7. Ebselen Preserves Tissue-Engineered Cell Sheets and their Stem Cells in Hypothermic Conditions

    PubMed Central

    Katori, Ryosuke; Hayashi, Ryuhei; Kobayashi, Yuki; Kobayashi, Eiji; Nishida, Kohji

    2016-01-01

    Clinical trials have been performed using autologous tissue-engineered epithelial cell sheets for corneal regenerative medicine. To improve stem cell-based therapy for convenient clinical practice, new techniques are required for preserving reconstructed tissues and their stem/progenitor cells until they are ready for use. In the present study, we screened potential preservative agents and developed a novel medium for preserving the cell sheets and their stem/progenitor cells; the effects were evaluated with a luciferase-based viability assay. Nrf2 activators, specifically ebselen, could maintain high ATP levels during preservation. Ebselen also showed a strong influence on maintenance of the viability, morphology, and stem cell function of the cell sheets preserved under hypothermia by protecting them from reactive oxygen species-induced damage. Furthermore, ebselen drastically improved the preservation performance of human cornea tissues and their stem cells. Therefore, ebselen shows good potential as a useful preservation agent in regenerative medicine as well as in cornea transplantation. PMID:27966584

  8. Ebselen Preserves Tissue-Engineered Cell Sheets and their Stem Cells in Hypothermic Conditions.

    PubMed

    Katori, Ryosuke; Hayashi, Ryuhei; Kobayashi, Yuki; Kobayashi, Eiji; Nishida, Kohji

    2016-12-14

    Clinical trials have been performed using autologous tissue-engineered epithelial cell sheets for corneal regenerative medicine. To improve stem cell-based therapy for convenient clinical practice, new techniques are required for preserving reconstructed tissues and their stem/progenitor cells until they are ready for use. In the present study, we screened potential preservative agents and developed a novel medium for preserving the cell sheets and their stem/progenitor cells; the effects were evaluated with a luciferase-based viability assay. Nrf2 activators, specifically ebselen, could maintain high ATP levels during preservation. Ebselen also showed a strong influence on maintenance of the viability, morphology, and stem cell function of the cell sheets preserved under hypothermia by protecting them from reactive oxygen species-induced damage. Furthermore, ebselen drastically improved the preservation performance of human cornea tissues and their stem cells. Therefore, ebselen shows good potential as a useful preservation agent in regenerative medicine as well as in cornea transplantation.

  9. Coated metal sintering carriers for fuel cell electrodes

    DOEpatents

    Donelson, Richard; Bryson, E. S.

    1998-01-01

    A carrier for conveying components of a fuel cell to be sintered through a sintering furnace. The carrier comprises a metal sheet coated with a water-based carbon paint, the water-based carbon paint comprising water, powdered graphite, an organic binder, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and a defoaming agent.

  10. Coated metal sintering carriers for fuel cell electrodes

    DOEpatents

    Donelson, R.; Bryson, E.S.

    1998-11-10

    A carrier is described for conveying components of a fuel cell to be sintered through a sintering furnace. The carrier comprises a metal sheet coated with a water-based carbon paint, the water-based carbon paint comprising water, powdered graphite, an organic binder, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and a defoaming agent.

  11. Teaching about the Income Statement and Balance Sheet in a Beginning Business German Course.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rudolf, Uwe

    A review of business German textbooks reveals that few give significant attention to accounting terminology. Both German majors and business majors enrolled in business German need to be introduced to the balance sheet and income statement. It is possible to devote one or two class sessions to accounting by limiting content to a minimal but solid…

  12. Zinc oxide nanorod clusters deposited seaweed cellulose sheet for antimicrobial activity.

    PubMed

    Bhutiya, Priyank L; Mahajan, Mayur S; Abdul Rasheed, M; Pandey, Manoj; Zaheer Hasan, S; Misra, Nirendra

    2018-06-01

    Seaweed cellulose was isolated from green seaweed Ulva fasciata using a common bleaching agent. Sheet containing porous mesh was prepared from the extracted seaweed crystalline cellulose along with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod clusters grown over the sheet by single step hydrothermal method. Seaweed cellulose and zinc oxide nanorod clusters deposited seaweed cellulose sheet was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM-EDX. Morphology showed that the diameter of zinc oxide nanorods were around 70nm. Zinc oxide nanorod clusters deposited on seaweed cellulose sheet gave remarkable antibacterial activity towards gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus ceresus, Streptococcus thermophilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginous) microbes. Such deposited sheet has potential applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, food packaging, water treatment and biotechnological industries. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Nested seaweed cellulose fiber deposited with cuprous oxide nanorods for antimicrobial activity.

    PubMed

    Bhutiya, Priyank L; Misra, Nirendra; Abdul Rasheed, M; Zaheer Hasan, S

    2018-05-30

    Bird's nest type architectural network of cellulosic nanofibers was extracted, with nearly 34% yield, from green filamentous seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina using mild bleaching agent. Nanorods of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) were grown over the porous sheet, prepared from the seaweed cellulose, by one step hydrothermal method. The seaweed cellulose and Cu 2 O nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheets, were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TGA and tensile test. XRD revealed that seaweed cellulose acted as reducing agent, reducing CuO to Cu 2 O. Morphology showed that the average diameter of seaweed cellulose and deposited Cu 2 O nanorods were 30 nm and 90 nm, respectively. Cuprous oxide nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheet gave very good antibacterial activity towards gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus thermophilis) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginous, Escherichia coli) microbes. The Cu 2 O nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheet can be viewed to have great potential in biomedical, packaging, biotechnological, textile, water treatment and pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Scalable synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles anchored on graphene as a high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dong, Yu Cheng; Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films; Ma, Ru Guang

    2013-05-01

    We report a scalable strategy to synthesize Fe₃O₄/graphene nanocomposites as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries. In this study, ferric citrate is used as precursor to prepare Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles without introducing additional reducing agent; furthermore and show that such Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can be anchored on graphene sheets which attributed to multifunctional group effect of citrate. Electrochemical characterization of the Fe₃O₄/graphene nanocomposites exhibit large reversible capacity (~1347 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 C up to 100 cycles, and subsequent capacity of ~619 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 2 C up to 200more » cycles), as well as high coulombic efficiency (~97%), excellent rate capability, and good cyclic stability. High resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, with a size of ~4–16 nm are densely anchored on thin graphene sheets, resulting in large synergetic effects between Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and graphene sheets with high electrochemical performance. - Graphical abstract: The reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and the deposition of Fe₃O₄ on graphene sheets occur simultaneously using citrate function as reductant and anchor agent in this reaction process. Highlights: • Fe₃O₄/graphene composites are synthesized directly from graphene and C₆H₅FeO₇. • The citrate function as reductant and anchor agent in this reaction process. • The resulting Fe₃O₄ particles (~4–16 nm) are densely anchored on graphene sheets. • The prepared Fe₃O₄/graphene composites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance.« less

  15. 77 FR 69548 - Proposed Information Collection (Agent Orange Registry Code Sheet); Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-19

    ... of any increased health risks resulting from exposure to dioxin or other toxic agents. VA may also... 1968 or 1969, and/or any U.S. veteran who may have been exposed to dioxin, or other toxic substance in...

  16. 78 FR 6853 - Agency Information Collection (Agent Orange Registry Code Sheet) Activities Under OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-31

    ... resulting from exposure to dioxin or other toxic agents. VA may also provide, upon request, a health... who may have been exposed to dioxin, or other toxic substance in a herbicide or defoliant, during the...

  17. Construction of a microscopic agent-based model for firms' dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iyetomi, Hiroshi; Aoyama, Hideaki; Fujiwara, Yoshi; Ikeda, Yuichi; Kaizoji, Taisei; Soma, Wataru

    2005-07-01

    A workable microscopic model for firms' dynamics has been constructed. The model consists of firm agents and a bank agent dynamics of which are described by balance sheets. The size distribution of firms and the temporal evolution of the bank show critical dependence on whether or not firms use perfect information on their financial conditions to draw up next production plans.

  18. 18 CFR 367.1420 - Account 142, Customer accounts receivable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 142, Customer... GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1420 Account 142, Customer accounts receivable. (a) This account must include amounts due from customers for service, and for...

  19. Investigation of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dong, Chunxu; Cairney, John; Sun, Qunhui; Maddan, Orville Lee; He, Gaohong; Deng, Yulin

    2010-08-01

    Our experimental results of using Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent are reported in this study. The antibacterial behavior of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles in liquid culture and in paper sheets was investigated. The colony forming units (CFU) counting and the headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) measurement were used to determine the cell viability. Results indicate that Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles are effective antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Burkholderia phytofirmans, and the OH- and Mg2+ ions in Mg(OH)2 water suspension were found not to be the reason for killing the bacteria. Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles could be added directly to wood pulp to make paper sheets, whose antibacterial efficiency increased with the increase of the nanoparticle amount. The possible mechanism of antibacterial effect of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles is discussed.

  20. 17 CFR 256.01-3 - General structure of accounting system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... accounting system. 256.01-3 Section 256.01-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR MUTUAL SERVICE COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICE... accounting system. (a) The accounts provided herein are in two general categories: Balance sheet accounts and...

  1. A Description of Local Time Asymmetries in the Kronian Current Sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nickerson, J. S.; Hansen, K. C.; Gombosi, T. I.

    2012-12-01

    Cassini observations imply that Saturn's magnetospheric current sheet is displaced northward above the rotational equator [C.S. Arridge et al., Warping of Saturn's magnetospheric and magnetotail current sheets, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, August 2008]. Arridge et al. show that this hinging of the current sheet above the equator occurs over the noon, midnight, and dawn local time sectors. They present an azimuthally independent model to describe this paraboloid-like geometry. We have used our global MHD model, BATS-R-US/SWMF, to study Saturn's magnetospheric current sheet under various solar wind dynamic pressure and solar zenith angle conditions. We show that under reasonable conditions the current sheet does take on the basic shape of the Arridge model in the noon, midnight, and dawn sectors. However, the hinging distance parameter used in the Arridge model is not a constant and does in fact vary in Saturn local time. We recommend that the Arridge model should be adjusted to account for this azimuthal dependence. Arridge et al. does not discuss the shape of the current sheet in the dusk sector due to an absence of data but does presume that the current sheet will assume the same geometry in this region. On the contrary, our model shows that this is not the case. On the dusk side the current sheet hinges (aggressively) southward and cannot be accounted for by the Arridge model. We will present results from our simulations showing the deviation from axisymmetry and the general behavior of the current sheet under different conditions.

  2. Dynamics of the last glacial maximum Antarctic ice-sheet and its response to ocean forcing

    PubMed Central

    Golledge, Nicholas R.; Fogwill, Christopher J.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Buckley, Kevin M.

    2012-01-01

    Retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have been initiated by changes in ocean heat and eustatic sea level propagated from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) as northern ice sheets melted under rising atmospheric temperatures. The extent to which spatial variability in ice dynamics may have modulated the resultant pattern and timing of decay of the Antarctic ice sheet has so far received little attention, however, despite the growing recognition that dynamic effects account for a sizeable proportion of mass-balance changes observed in modern ice sheets. Here we use a 5-km resolution whole-continent numerical ice-sheet model to assess whether differences in the mechanisms governing ice sheet flow could account for discrepancies between geochronological studies in different parts of the continent. We first simulate the geometry and flow characteristics of an equilibrium LGM ice sheet, using pan-Antarctic terrestrial and marine geological data for constraint, then perturb the system with sea level and ocean heat flux increases to investigate ice-sheet vulnerability. Our results identify that fast-flowing glaciers in the eastern Weddell Sea, the Amundsen Sea, central Ross Sea, and in the Amery Trough respond most rapidly to ocean forcings, in agreement with empirical data. Most significantly, we find that although ocean warming and sea-level rise bring about mainly localized glacier acceleration, concomitant drawdown of ice from neighboring areas leads to widespread thinning of entire glacier catchments—a discovery that has important ramifications for the dynamic changes presently being observed in modern ice sheets. PMID:22988078

  3. Dynamics of the last glacial maximum Antarctic ice-sheet and its response to ocean forcing.

    PubMed

    Golledge, Nicholas R; Fogwill, Christopher J; Mackintosh, Andrew N; Buckley, Kevin M

    2012-10-02

    Retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have been initiated by changes in ocean heat and eustatic sea level propagated from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) as northern ice sheets melted under rising atmospheric temperatures. The extent to which spatial variability in ice dynamics may have modulated the resultant pattern and timing of decay of the Antarctic ice sheet has so far received little attention, however, despite the growing recognition that dynamic effects account for a sizeable proportion of mass-balance changes observed in modern ice sheets. Here we use a 5-km resolution whole-continent numerical ice-sheet model to assess whether differences in the mechanisms governing ice sheet flow could account for discrepancies between geochronological studies in different parts of the continent. We first simulate the geometry and flow characteristics of an equilibrium LGM ice sheet, using pan-Antarctic terrestrial and marine geological data for constraint, then perturb the system with sea level and ocean heat flux increases to investigate ice-sheet vulnerability. Our results identify that fast-flowing glaciers in the eastern Weddell Sea, the Amundsen Sea, central Ross Sea, and in the Amery Trough respond most rapidly to ocean forcings, in agreement with empirical data. Most significantly, we find that although ocean warming and sea-level rise bring about mainly localized glacier acceleration, concomitant drawdown of ice from neighboring areas leads to widespread thinning of entire glacier catchments-a discovery that has important ramifications for the dynamic changes presently being observed in modern ice sheets.

  4. 47 CFR 32.4520 - Additional paid-in capital.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4520... includable in Account 4510, Capital Stock, unless such difference results in a debit balance for that class...

  5. 47 CFR 32.4300 - Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4300 Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits. (a) This account shall...

  6. 47 CFR 32.4100 - Net current deferred operating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4100 Net current deferred operating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance...

  7. 47 CFR 32.1191 - Accounts receivable allowance-other.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounts receivable allowance-other. 32.1191 Section 32.1191 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  8. 47 CFR 32.1171 - Allowance for doubtful accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Allowance for doubtful accounts. 32.1171 Section 32.1171 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  9. Greenland-Wide Seasonal Temperatures During the Last Deglaciation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buizert, C.; Keisling, B. A.; Box, J. E.; He, F.; Carlson, A. E.; Sinclair, G.; DeConto, R. M.

    2018-02-01

    The sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to climate forcing is of key importance in assessing its contribution to past and future sea level rise. Surface mass loss occurs during summer, and accounting for temperature seasonality is critical in simulating ice sheet evolution and in interpreting glacial landforms and chronologies. Ice core records constrain the timing and magnitude of climate change but are largely limited to annual mean estimates from the ice sheet interior. Here we merge ice core reconstructions with transient climate model simulations to generate Greenland-wide and seasonally resolved surface air temperature fields during the last deglaciation. Greenland summer temperatures peak in the early Holocene, consistent with records of ice core melt layers. We perform deglacial Greenland ice sheet model simulations to demonstrate that accounting for realistic temperature seasonality decreases simulated glacial ice volume, expedites the deglacial margin retreat, mutes the impact of abrupt climate warming, and gives rise to a clear Holocene ice volume minimum.

  10. On the instability of a liquid sheet moving in vacuum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sisoev, G. M.; Osiptsov, A. N.; Koroteev, A. A.

    2018-03-01

    A linear stability analysis of a non-isothermal liquid sheet moving in vacuum is studied taking into account the temperature dependencies of the liquid viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension coefficients. It is found that there are two mechanisms of instability. The short-wave instability is caused by viscosity stratification across the sheet due to nonuniform temperature profiles developed downstream in the cooling sheet. The long-wave thermocapillary instability is caused by the temperature gradient along the sheet surfaces. Computed examples of steady flows and their instabilities demonstrated that the unstable short waves have much larger amplification factors.

  11. 18 CFR 367.1710 - Account 171, Interest and dividends receivable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE... NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1710 Account 171..., notes, commercial paper, loans, open accounts, deposits, and other similar items, the payment of which...

  12. Choosing the Best Method to Introduce Accounting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guerrieri, Donald J.

    1988-01-01

    Of the traditional approaches to teaching accounting--single entry, journal, "T" account, balance sheet, and accounting equation--the author recommends the accounting equation approach. It is the foundation of the double entry system, new material is easy to introduce, and it provides students with a rationale for understanding basic concepts.…

  13. 18 CFR 367.1280 - Account 128, Other special funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Other Property and Investments § 367.1280 Account 128, Other special funds. (a) This account must include the amount of cash and book cost of investments that have... trading and available-for-sale types of security investments. A separate account with appropriate title...

  14. Dynamic Antarctic ice sheet during the early to mid-Miocene

    PubMed Central

    DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David; Levy, Richard H.

    2016-01-01

    Geological data indicate that there were major variations in Antarctic ice sheet volume and extent during the early to mid-Miocene. Simulating such large-scale changes is problematic because of a strong hysteresis effect, which results in stability once the ice sheets have reached continental size. A relatively narrow range of atmospheric CO2 concentrations indicated by proxy records exacerbates this problem. Here, we are able to simulate large-scale variability of the early to mid-Miocene Antarctic ice sheet because of three developments in our modeling approach. (i) We use a climate–ice sheet coupling method utilizing a high-resolution atmospheric component to account for ice sheet–climate feedbacks. (ii) The ice sheet model includes recently proposed mechanisms for retreat into deep subglacial basins caused by ice-cliff failure and ice-shelf hydrofracture. (iii) We account for changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of the ice sheet by using isotope-enabled climate and ice sheet models. We compare our modeling results with ice-proximal records emerging from a sedimentological drill core from the Ross Sea (Andrill-2A) that is presented in a companion article. The variability in Antarctic ice volume that we simulate is equivalent to a seawater oxygen isotope signal of 0.52–0.66‰, or a sea level equivalent change of 30–36 m, for a range of atmospheric CO2 between 280 and 500 ppm and a changing astronomical configuration. This result represents a substantial advance in resolving the long-standing model data conflict of Miocene Antarctic ice sheet and sea level variability. PMID:26903645

  15. 24 CFR 242.58 - Books, accounts, and financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR HOSPITALS Regulatory Agreement, Accounting and Reporting, and Financial... (Handbook 2000.04). (d) Changes in accounting policies. The annual audited financial statements shall identify any changes in accounting policies and their financial effect on the balance sheet and on the...

  16. Adsorption of various antimicrobial agents to endotoxin removal polymyxin-B immobilized fiber (Toraymyxin®). Part 2: Adsorption of two drugs to Toraymyxin PMX-20R cartridges.

    PubMed

    Shimokawa, Ken-ichi; Takakuwa, Ryotaro; Wada, Yuko; Yamazaki, Noriko; Ishii, Fumiyoshi

    2013-01-01

    In our previous study, the degree of adsorption of 9 representative antimicrobial agents to Toraymyxin(®) PMX-F sheets was quantitatively evaluated. As a result, the adsorption rate was 22.1% for Linezolid in the presence of serum. Therefore, we investigated whether two types of antimicrobial agents (Ciprofroxacin and Linezolid) can be better adsorbed on PMX-F sheets. When the number of PMX-F sheets was increased in a step wise manner, specifically 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12, the adsorption rate increased linearly. In addition, the adsorption to polymyxin-B immobilized fiber (Toraymyxin(®) PMX-20R) cartridges, widely used to remove endotoxins from circulating blood in the treatment of sepsis, was quantitatively evaluated. As a result, in the presence of serum, Linezolid showed adsorption to PMX-20R, and the adsorption rate after 2h was 54.5%, and that after 4h was 65.8%. The results of this study suggest the necessity of monitoring blood antimicrobial concentration during treatment for sepsis with Linezolid, which showed adsorption to PMX-20R in an environment close to a clinical environment. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Dynamics of Radially Expanding Liquid Sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Majumdar, Nayanika; Tirumkudulu, Mahesh S.

    2018-04-01

    The process of atomization often involves ejecting thin liquid sheets at high speeds from a nozzle that causes the sheet to flap violently and break up into fine droplets. The flapping of the liquid sheet has long been attributed to the sheet's interaction with the surrounding gas phase. Here, we present experimental evidence to the contrary and show that the flapping is caused by the thinning of the liquid sheet as it spreads out from the nozzle exit. The measured growth rates of the waves agree remarkably well with the predictions of a recent theory that accounts for the sheet's thinning but ignores aerodynamic interactions. We anticipate these results to not only lead to more accurate predictions of the final drop-size distribution but also enable more efficient designs of atomizers.

  18. 47 CFR 32.4550 - Retained earnings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4550 Retained earnings. (a) This account shall include the undistributed balance of retained earnings derived from the...

  19. Accounting for Money. Supervising: Economic and Financial Aspects. The Choice Series #70. A Self Learning Opportunity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bainbridge, Dennis

    This student guide is intended to assist persons employed as supervisors in accounting for money. Discussed in the first four sections are the following topics: the need for accounts; financial accounting (basics of financial accounting, creditors and debtors, assets and liabilities, and balance sheets); cost and management accounting (company,…

  20. 18 CFR 367.1460 - Account 146, Accounts receivable from associate companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1460... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 146, Accounts receivable from associate companies. 367.1460 Section 367.1460 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  1. 18 CFR 367.2340 - Account 234, Accounts payable to associate companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Liabilities § 367.2340... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 234, Accounts payable to associate companies. 367.2340 Section 367.2340 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  2. 18 CFR 367.1750 - Account 175, Derivative instrument assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Account 175, Derivative... GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1750 Account 175, Derivative instrument assets. This account must include the amounts paid for derivative instruments, and the change in...

  3. 18 CFR 367.1230 - Account 123, Investment in associate companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Other Property and Investments § 367.1230 Account 123, Investment in associate companies. (a) This account must include the book cost of investments in securities... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 123, Investment...

  4. 47 CFR 32.2680 - Amortizable tangible assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2680... acquired under capital leases and the original cost of leasehold improvements of the type of character required of Class A companies in Accounts 2681 and 2682. ...

  5. 47 CFR 32.2411 - Poles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Poles. 32.2411 Section 32.2411 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2411 Poles. This account...

  6. 47 CFR 32.2321 - Customer premises wiring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2321... 232, Station Connections, inside wiring subclass. (b) Embedded Customer Premises Wiring is that...

  7. 47 CFR 32.2321 - Customer premises wiring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2321... 232, Station Connections, inside wiring subclass. (b) Embedded Customer Premises Wiring is that...

  8. Organizational Excellence: Three Keys to the Centralization/Decentralization Debate

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-02-15

    33Sheets, 36. 34Sheets, 55. 35James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich and James H. Donnelly, Jr., Organizations: Structure, Processes, Behavior...Accounting Office, 1993. Gibson, James L., John M. Ivancevich and James H. Donnelly, Jr.. Organizations: Structure, Processes, Behavior. Dallas, TX

  9. Different blocking agents cause variation in the immunologic detection of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes.

    PubMed

    Spinola, S M; Cannon, J G

    1985-07-16

    We compared bovine serum albumin, commercial non-fat dry milk, and Tween 20 as blocking agents for immunologic probing of bacterial proteins transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. There were quantitative and qualitative differences in antigens detected that depended on which blocking agents were used. We suggest that several methods for blocking and washing nitrocellulose should be compared when Western blotting is used to detect immunologically reactive proteins.

  10. 76 FR 69304 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-08

    ... requires, among other things, that an independent public accountant verify the fund's assets at the end of... form serves as a cover sheet to the accountant's certificate that is required to be filed periodically... by the independent accountant. Requiring an independent accountant to examine the fund's assets in...

  11. 18 CFR 367.1240 - Account 124, Other investments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... investments. 367.1240 Section 367.1240 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Other Property and Investments § 367.1240 Account 124, Other investments. (a) This account must include the book cost of investments in securities issued or assumed by non...

  12. 47 CFR 32.2110 - Land and support assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2110 Land and support assets. This account shall be used by Class B companies to record the original cost of land and support assets of the type and character required of Class A companies in Accounts 2111...

  13. 47 CFR 32.2210 - Central office-switching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2210 Central office—switching. This account shall be used by Class B companies to record the original cost of switching assets of the type and character required of Class A companies in Accounts 2211 through 2212. [67...

  14. Principles of Public School Accounting. State Educational Records and Reports Series: Handbook II-B.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Adams, Bert K.; And Others

    This handbook discusses the following primary aspects of school accounting: Definitions and principles; opening the general ledger; recording the approved budget; a sample month of transactions; the balance sheet, monthly, and annual reports; subsidiary journals; payroll procedures; cafeteria fund accounting; debt service accounting; construction…

  15. 47 CFR 32.2112 - Motor vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2112 Motor vehicles. This account shall include the original cost of motor vehicles of the type which are designed and...

  16. Extrusion foaming of thermoplastic cellulose acetate from renewable resources using a two-component physical blowing agent system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hopmann, Ch.; Windeck, C.; Hendriks, S.; Zepnik, S.; Wodke, T.

    2014-05-01

    Thermoplastic cellulose acetate (CA) is a bio-based polymer with optical, mechanical and thermal properties comparable to those of polystyrene (PS). The substitution of the predominant petrol-based PS in applications like foamed food trays can lead to a more sustainable economic practice. However, CA is also suitable for more durable applications as the biodegradability rate can be controlled by adjusting the degree of substitutions. The extrusion foaming of CA still has to overcome certain challenges. CA is highly hydrophilic and can suffer from hydrolytic degradation if not dried properly. Therefore, the influence of residual moisture on the melt viscosity is rather high. Beyond, the surface quality of foam CA sheets is below those of PS due to the particular foaming behaviour. This paper presents results of a recent study on extrusion foamed CA, using a two-component physical blowing agent system compromising HFO 1234ze as blowing agent and organic solvents as co-propellant. Samples with different co-propellants are processed on a laboratory single screw extruder at IKV. Morphology and surface topography are investigated with respect to the blowing agent composition and the die pressure. In addition, relationships between foam density, foam morphology and the propellants are analysed. The choice of the co-propellant has a significant influence on melt-strength, foaming behaviour and the possible blow-up ratio of the sheet. Furthermore, a positive influence of the co-propellant on the surface quality can be observed. In addition, the focus is laid on the effect of external contact cooling of the foamed sheets after the die exit.

  17. 49 CFR 1180.9 - Financial information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., TRACKAGE RIGHTS, AND LEASE PROCEDURES General Acquisition Procedures § 1180.9 Financial information. The...'s Uniform System of Accounts, 49 CFR part 1201: (a) Pro forma balance sheet (exhibit 16). Where the transaction involves a proceeding other than a control, a pro forma balance sheet statement giving effect to...

  18. Cup-Drawing Behavior of High-Strength Steel Sheets Containing Different Volume Fractions of Martensite

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Choi, Shi-Hoon; Kim, Dae-Wan; Yang, Hoe-Seok

    Planar anisotropy and cup-drawing behavior were investigated for high-strength steel sheets containing different volume fractions of martensite. Macrotexture analysis using XRD was conducted to capture the effect of crystallographic orientation on the planar anisotropy of high-strength steel sheets. A phenomenological yield function, Yld96, which accounts for the anisotropy of yield stress and r-values, was implemented into ABAQUS using the user subroutine UMAT. Cup drawing of high-strength steel sheets was simulated using the FEM code. The profiles of earing and thickness strain were compared with the experimentally measured results.

  19. Evaluation of three methods of different levels of complexity to represent the interactions between the Greenland ice sheet and the atmosphere at the century time scale.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Le clec'h, Sébastien; Fettweis, Xavier; Quiquet, Aurelien; Dumas, Christophe; Kageyama, Masa; Charbit, Sylvie; Ritz, Catherine

    2017-04-01

    Based on numerous studies showing implications of polar ice sheets on the climate system, the climate community recommended the development of methods to account for feedbacks between polar ice sheets and the other climate components. In this study we used three methods of different levels of complexity to represent the interactions between a Greenland ice sheet model (GRISLI) and a regional atmospheric model (MAR) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The simplest method, i.e. uncoupled, does not account for interactions between both models. In this method MAR computes varying atmospheric conditions using the same present-day observed Greenland ice sheet topography and extent. The outputs are then used to force GRISLI. The second method is a one-way coupling method in which the MAR outputs are corrected to account for topography changes before their transfer to GRISLI. The third method is a fully coupled method allowing the full representation of interactions between MAR and GRISLI. In this case, the ice sheet topography and its extent as seen by the atmospheric model is updated for each ice sheet model time step. The three methods are evaluated regarding the Greenland ice sheet response from 2000 to 2150. As expected, the uncoupled method shows a coastal thinning of the ice sheet due to a decreasing surface mass balance for coastal regions related to increased mean surface temperature. The one-way coupling and the full coupling methods tend to amplify the surface mass balance due to surface elevation feedback. The uncoupled method tends to underestimate the Greenland ice sheet volume reduction compared to both coupling methods over 150 years. This underestimation is of the same order of magnitude of the ice loss from the Greenland peripheral glaciers at the end of the 21st century. As for the uncoupled method, the thinning of the ice sheet occurs in coastal regions for both coupling methods. However compared to the one-way coupling method, the fully coupled method tends to increase the spatial variability of the surface mass balance changes through time. Our results also indicate that differences between the two coupling methods increase with time, which suggests that the choice of the method should depend on the timescale considered. Beyond century scale projections the fully coupled method is necessary in order to avoid underestimation of the ice sheet volume reduction, whilst the one-way method seems to be sufficient to represent the interactions between the atmosphere and the GrIS for projections by the end of the century.

  20. 18 CFR 367.2360 - Account 236, Taxes accrued.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... accrued. (a) This account must be credited with the amount of taxes accrued during the accounting period... date of the balance sheet, must be shown under account 165, Prepayments (§ 367.1650). (b) If accruals... accruals. (c) Accruals for taxes must be based upon the net amounts payable after credit for any discounts...

  1. 18 CFR 367.1890 - Account 189, Unamortized loss on reacquired debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Deferred Debits § 367.1890 Account 189... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 189, Unamortized loss on reacquired debt. 367.1890 Section 367.1890 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  2. 18 CFR 367.1070 - Account 107, Construction work in progress.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE... NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts § 367.1070 Account 107, Construction work in progress. (a... research, development, and demonstration projects for construction of facilities are to be included in a...

  3. 18 CFR 260.200 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under appropriate descriptive headings, any... Statement G showing a comparative balance sheet reflecting the accounts and amounts appearing in the books...

  4. 18 CFR 260.200 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under appropriate descriptive headings, any... Statement G showing a comparative balance sheet reflecting the accounts and amounts appearing in the books...

  5. 18 CFR 260.200 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under appropriate descriptive headings, any... Statement G showing a comparative balance sheet reflecting the accounts and amounts appearing in the books...

  6. 18 CFR 260.200 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under appropriate descriptive headings, any... Statement G showing a comparative balance sheet reflecting the accounts and amounts appearing in the books...

  7. 18 CFR 260.200 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under appropriate descriptive headings, any... Statement G showing a comparative balance sheet reflecting the accounts and amounts appearing in the books...

  8. 47 CFR 32.2114 - Tools and other work equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32... equipment, general purpose tools, and other items of work equipment. [64 FR 50007, Sept. 15, 1999] ...

  9. 47 CFR 32.2310 - Information origination/termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2310 Information origination/termination. This account shall be used by Class B companies to record the original cost of information origination/termination equipment of the type and character required of Class...

  10. 47 CFR 32.4340 - Net noncurrent deferred operating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4340 Net noncurrent deferred operating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense related to noncurrent items from regulated operations which have...

  11. 47 CFR 32.4110 - Net current deferred nonoperating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4110 Net current deferred nonoperating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense resulting from comprehensive interpreted tax allocation which has...

  12. FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) proposal changes retiree healthcare benefit accounting.

    PubMed

    Grimaldi, P L; Bertko, J M

    1989-07-01

    The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued an exposure draft (ED) of a standard that would change the way organizations account for their employees' post-retirement healthcare benefits. According to the ED, organizations would have to switch from cash accounting to accrual accounting for post-retirement benefits as well as record their retiree healthcare liabilities on their balance sheets by 1992.

  13. Comparative study on predicting Young's modulus of graphene sheets using nano-scale continuum mechanics approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rafiee, Roham; Eskandariyun, Amirali

    2017-06-01

    In this research, nano-scale continuum modeling is employed to predict Young's modulus of graphene sheet. The lattice nano-structure of a graphene sheet is replaced with a discrete space-frame structure simulating carbon-carbon bonds with either beam or spring elements. A comparative study is carried out to check the influence of employed elements on estimated Young's moduli of graphene sheets in both horizontal and vertical directions. A detailed analysis is also conducted to investigate the influence of graphene sheet sizes on its Young's modulus and corresponding aspect ratios that unwelcomed end effects disappear on the results are extracted. At the final stage, defected graphene sheets suffering from vacancy defects are investigated through a stochastic analysis taking into account both number of defects and their locations as random parameters. The reduction level in the Young's moduli of defected graphene sheets compared with non-defected ones is analyzed and reported.

  14. 17 CFR 210.6-04 - Balance sheets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... receivable from (1) sales of investments; (2) subscriptions to capital shares; (3) dividends and interest; (4) directors and officers; and (5) others. (b) If the aggregate amount of notes receivable exceeds 10 percent... balance sheet or in a note thereto, for accounts receivable and notes receivable. 7. Deposits for...

  15. 17 CFR 210.6-04 - Balance sheets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... receivable from (1) sales of investments; (2) subscriptions to capital shares; (3) dividends and interest; (4) directors and officers; and (5) others. (b) If the aggregate amount of notes receivable exceeds 10 percent... balance sheet or in a note thereto, for accounts receivable and notes receivable. 7. Deposits for...

  16. 17 CFR 210.6-04 - Balance sheets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... receivable from (1) sales of investments; (2) subscriptions to capital shares; (3) dividends and interest; (4) directors and officers; and (5) others. (b) If the aggregate amount of notes receivable exceeds 10 percent... balance sheet or in a note thereto, for accounts receivable and notes receivable. 7. Deposits for...

  17. Physicochemical characterization, and relaxometry studies of micro-graphite oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and nanoribbons.

    PubMed

    Paratala, Bhavna S; Jacobson, Barry D; Kanakia, Shruti; Francis, Leonard Deepak; Sitharaman, Balaji

    2012-01-01

    The chemistry of high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents remains an active area of research. In this work, we demonstrate that the potassium permanganate-based oxidative chemical procedures used to synthesize graphite oxide or graphene nanoparticles leads to the confinement (intercalation) of trace amounts of Mn(2+) ions between the graphene sheets, and that these manganese intercalated graphitic and graphene structures show disparate structural, chemical and magnetic properties, and high relaxivity (up to 2 order) and distinctly different nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion profiles compared to paramagnetic chelate compounds. The results taken together with other published reports on confinement of paramagnetic metal ions within single-walled carbon nanotubes (a rolled up graphene sheet) show that confinement (encapsulation or intercalation) of paramagnetic metal ions within graphene sheets, and not the size, shape or architecture of the graphitic carbon particles is the key determinant for increasing relaxivity, and thus, identifies nano confinement of paramagnetic ions as novel general strategy to develop paramagnetic metal-ion graphitic-carbon complexes as high relaxivity MRI contrast agents.

  18. Physicochemical Characterization, and Relaxometry Studies of Micro-Graphite Oxide, Graphene Nanoplatelets, and Nanoribbons

    PubMed Central

    Paratala, Bhavna S.; Jacobson, Barry D.; Kanakia, Shruti; Francis, Leonard Deepak; Sitharaman, Balaji

    2012-01-01

    The chemistry of high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents remains an active area of research. In this work, we demonstrate that the potassium permanganate-based oxidative chemical procedures used to synthesize graphite oxide or graphene nanoparticles leads to the confinement (intercalation) of trace amounts of Mn2+ ions between the graphene sheets, and that these manganese intercalated graphitic and graphene structures show disparate structural, chemical and magnetic properties, and high relaxivity (up to 2 order) and distinctly different nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion profiles compared to paramagnetic chelate compounds. The results taken together with other published reports on confinement of paramagnetic metal ions within single-walled carbon nanotubes (a rolled up graphene sheet) show that confinement (encapsulation or intercalation) of paramagnetic metal ions within graphene sheets, and not the size, shape or architecture of the graphitic carbon particles is the key determinant for increasing relaxivity, and thus, identifies nano confinement of paramagnetic ions as novel general strategy to develop paramagnetic metal-ion graphitic-carbon complexes as high relaxivity MRI contrast agents. PMID:22685555

  19. Isostasy as a Driver of Paleo Retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Robinson, A.; Tabone, I.; Alvarez-Solas, J.; Montoya, M.

    2016-12-01

    During glacial times, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) extended onto the continental shelf, and thus was much more directly affected by changing ocean temperatures through basal melt of the marine ice margins than it is today. The larger glacial ice sheet also induced lithospheric depression of several hundred meters in regions that are near sea level today. As the ice sheet retreated inland under interglacial climatic forcing, the regions significantly affected by local isostatic changes in elevation were exposed to much higher basal melt rates than they would have been given the present-day topography. Here we explore this effect using a hybrid ice sheet model that represents both grounded and floating ice, as well as local isostatic effects, and is driven by both atmospheric and oceanic temperature anomalies. We find that when transient oceanic forcing is included in the model, isostasy plays an important role in allowing oceanic melting to drive GrIS retreat in some regions. During the last interglacial, for example, this effect can account for a significant additional sea-level contribution, as well as an increase in the rate of sea-level rise. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for ice-ocean-lithosphere interactions in the past, in order to be able to properly reconstruct the evolution of the ice sheet, and for estimating its sensitivity to potential changes in climate in the future.

  20. Influence of temperature fluctuations on equilibrium
    ice sheet volume

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bøgeholm Mikkelsen, Troels; Grinsted, Aslak; Ditlevsen, Peter

    2018-01-01

    Forecasting the future sea level relies on accurate modeling of the response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to changing temperatures. The surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has a nonlinear response to warming. Cold and warm anomalies of equal size do not cancel out and it is therefore important to consider the effect of interannual fluctuations in temperature. We find that the steady-state volume of an ice sheet is biased toward larger size if interannual temperature fluctuations are not taken into account in numerical modeling of the ice sheet. We illustrate this in a simple ice sheet model and find that the equilibrium ice volume is approximately 1 m SLE (meters sea level equivalent) smaller when the simple model is forced with fluctuating temperatures as opposed to a stable climate. It is therefore important to consider the effect of interannual temperature fluctuations when designing long experiments such as paleo-spin-ups. We show how the magnitude of the potential bias can be quantified statistically. For recent simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet, we estimate the bias to be 30 Gt yr-1 (24-59 Gt yr-1, 95 % credibility) for a warming of 3 °C above preindustrial values, or 13 % (10-25, 95 % credibility) of the present-day rate of ice loss. Models of the Greenland Ice Sheet show a collapse threshold beyond which the ice sheet becomes unsustainable. The proximity of the threshold will be underestimated if temperature fluctuations are not taken into account. We estimate the bias to be 0.12 °C (0.10-0.18 °C, 95 % credibility) for a recent estimate of the threshold. In light of our findings it is important to gauge the extent to which this increased variability will influence the mass balance of the ice sheets.

  1. 18 CFR 141.100 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reclassification in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under a descriptive heading, any... comparative balance sheet showing the accounts and amounts appearing in the books before the adjusting entries...

  2. 18 CFR 141.100 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... reclassification in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under a descriptive heading, any... comparative balance sheet showing the accounts and amounts appearing in the books before the adjusting entries...

  3. 18 CFR 141.100 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... reclassification in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under a descriptive heading, any... comparative balance sheet showing the accounts and amounts appearing in the books before the adjusting entries...

  4. 18 CFR 141.100 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... reclassification in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under a descriptive heading, any... comparative balance sheet showing the accounts and amounts appearing in the books before the adjusting entries...

  5. 18 CFR 141.100 - Original cost statement of utility property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... reclassification in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, including, under a descriptive heading, any... comparative balance sheet showing the accounts and amounts appearing in the books before the adjusting entries...

  6. 17 CFR 256.01-13 - Submission of questions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 General Instructions § 256.01-13 Submission of questions. To promote... consideration and decision. Balance Sheet Accounts: Assets and Other Debit Accounts 1. service company property ...

  7. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... categories may include design and inspection costs; and for ODS categories may include wages, maintenance and... Financial Accounting Standards Board. (9) 330Property and Equipment. (i) This account shall include the cost... and all other associated cost necessary to place the respective property and equipment in acceptable...

  8. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... categories may include design and inspection costs; and for ODS categories may include wages, maintenance and... Financial Accounting Standards Board. (9) 330Property and Equipment. (i) This account shall include the cost... and all other associated cost necessary to place the respective property and equipment in acceptable...

  9. 46 CFR 232.4 - Balance sheet accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... categories may include design and inspection costs; and for ODS categories may include wages, maintenance and... Financial Accounting Standards Board. (9) 330Property and Equipment. (i) This account shall include the cost... and all other associated cost necessary to place the respective property and equipment in acceptable...

  10. 47 CFR 32.2230 - Central office-transmission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2230 Central office—transmission. This account shall be used by Class B companies to record the original cost of radio systems and circuit equipment of the type and character required of Class A companies in...

  11. 47 CFR 32.4350 - Net noncurrent deferred nonoperating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4350 Net noncurrent deferred nonoperating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense (Federal, state, and local) that has been deferred to later...

  12. Ring current dynamics and plasma sheet sources. [magnetic storms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lyons, L. R.

    1984-01-01

    The source of the energized plasma that forms in geomagnetic storm ring currents, and ring current decay are discussed. The dominant loss processes for ring current ions are identified as charge exchange and resonant interactions with ion-cyclotron waves. Ring current ions are not dominated by protons. At L4 and energies below a few tens of keV, O+ is the most abundant ion, He+ is second, and protons are third. The plasma sheet contributes directly or indirectly to the ring current particle population. An important source of plasma sheet ions is earthward streaming ions on the outer boundary of the plasma sheet. Ion interactions with the current across the geomagnetic tail can account for the formation of this boundary layer. Electron interactions with the current sheet are possibly an important source of plasma sheet electrons.

  13. 18 CFR 367.1440 - Account 144, Accumulated provision for uncollectible accounts-Credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE COMPANIES SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367...

  14. 18 CFR 367.2250 - Account 225, Unamortized premium on long-term debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Long-Term Debt § 367.2250 Account 225... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 225, Unamortized premium on long-term debt. 367.2250 Section 367.2250 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  15. 18 CFR 367.2260 - Account 226, Unamortized discount on long-term debt-Debit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Long-Term Debt § 367.2260 Account... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 226, Unamortized discount on long-term debt-Debit. 367.2260 Section 367.2260 Conservation of Power and Water...

  16. Stress studies in EFG

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1983-01-01

    A computer code which can account for plastic deformation effects on stress generated in silicon sheet grown at high speeds is fully operative. Stress and strain rate distributions are presented for two different sheet temperature profiles. The calculations show that residual stress levels are very sensitive to details of the cooling profile in a sheet with creep. Experimental work has been started in several areas to improve understanding of ribbon temperature profiles and stress distributions associated with a 10 cm wide ribbon cartridge system.

  17. Current state and future perspectives on coupled ice-sheet - sea-level modelling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Boer, Bas; Stocchi, Paolo; Whitehouse, Pippa L.; van de Wal, Roderik S. W.

    2017-08-01

    The interaction between ice-sheet growth and retreat and sea-level change has been an established field of research for many years. However, recent advances in numerical modelling have shed new light on the precise interaction of marine ice sheets with the change in near-field sea level, and the related stability of the grounding line position. Studies using fully coupled ice-sheet - sea-level models have shown that accounting for gravitationally self-consistent sea-level change will act to slow down the retreat and advance of marine ice-sheet grounding lines. Moreover, by simultaneously solving the 'sea-level equation' and modelling ice-sheet flow, coupled models provide a global field of relative sea-level change that is consistent with dynamic changes in ice-sheet extent. In this paper we present an overview of recent advances, possible caveats, methodologies and challenges involved in coupled ice-sheet - sea-level modelling. We conclude by presenting a first-order comparison between a suite of relative sea-level data and output from a coupled ice-sheet - sea-level model.

  18. 76 FR 54819 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-02

    ... public accountant verify the fund's assets at the end of every annual and semi-annual fiscal period, and at least one other time during the fiscal year as chosen by the independent accountant. Requiring an... Custody of Members of National Securities Exchanges.'' The form serves as a cover sheet to the accountant...

  19. 18 CFR 367.1860 - Account 186, Miscellaneous deferred debits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY... COMPANIES SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Deferred Debits § 367.1860 Account 186, Miscellaneous...

  20. 18 CFR 367.2420 - Account 242, Miscellaneous current and accrued liabilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Liabilities... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 242, Miscellaneous current and accrued liabilities. 367.2420 Section 367.2420 Conservation of Power and Water...

  1. Accounting: Teaching the Worksheet: The "What,""Why," and "How."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Simpson, Kawanna J.; Musselman, Donald

    1979-01-01

    Techniques to enable accounting teachers to present the accounting worksheet are given, with examples of worksheet columns for income statement, balance sheet, revenue and expense, owner's equity, trial balance, and adjustments. The techniques also show the student the reasons (why) for and the mechanics (how) of the worksheet. (MF)

  2. 47 CFR 32.4320 - Unamortized operating investment tax credits-net.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Unamortized operating investment tax credits... Sheet Accounts § 32.4320 Unamortized operating investment tax credits—net. (a) This account shall be credited and Account 7210, Operating Investment Tax Credits—Net, should be debited with investment tax...

  3. 47 CFR 32.4330 - Unamortized nonoperating investment tax credits-net.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Unamortized nonoperating investment tax credits... Sheet Accounts § 32.4330 Unamortized nonoperating investment tax credits—net. (a) This account shall be credited and Account 7400, Nonoperating Taxes, shall be debited with investment tax credits generated from...

  4. Modeling the effect of doping on the catalyst-assisted growth and field emission properties of plasma-grown graphene sheet

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gupta, Neha; Sharma, Suresh C.; Sharma, Rinku

    A theoretical model describing the effect of doping on the plasma-assisted catalytic growth of graphene sheet has been developed. The model accounts the charging rate of the graphene sheet, kinetics of all the plasma species, including the doping species, and the growth rate of graphene nuclei and graphene sheet due to surface diffusion, and accretion of ions on the catalyst nanoparticle. Using the model, it is observed that nitrogen and boron doping can strongly influence the growth and field emission properties of the graphene sheet. The results of the present investigation indicate that nitrogen doping results in reduced thickness andmore » shortened height of the graphene sheet; however, boron doping increases the thickness and height of the graphene sheet. The time evolutions of the charge on the graphene sheet and hydrocarbon number density for nitrogen and boron doped graphene sheet have also been examined. The field emission properties of the graphene sheet have been proposed on the basis of the results obtained. It is concluded that nitrogen doped graphene sheet exhibits better field emission characteristics as compared to undoped and boron doped graphene sheet. The results of the present investigation are consistent with the existing experimental observations.« less

  5. North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Financial Statements and Accountants' Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Central Association Quarterly, 1986

    1986-01-01

    Offers financial information for the association as of June 30, 1986. Includes a balance sheet, statements of changes in members' equity and the association's financial position. Presents material on accounting policies. (DMM)

  6. 75 FR 14539 - Furnishing Identifying Number of Tax Return Preparer

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-26

    ..., certified public accountants, enrolled agents, as well as tax return preparers who pass a minimum competency... obtain a PTIN, an individual must be an attorney, certified public accountant, enrolled agent, or..., certified public accountant, enrolled agent, or registered tax return preparer authorized to practice before...

  7. 7 CFR 46.32 - Duties of growers' agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... contracts to determine the methods of accounting and settlement with their grower members. An agent who... failure. (b) Accounting for charges. A growers' agent whose operations include such services as the... render to the growers accurate and detailed accountings covering all aspects of their handling of the...

  8. Plasma sheet density dependence on Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Solar Wind properties: statistical study using 9+ year of THEMIS data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nykyri, K.; Chu, C.; Dimmock, A. P.

    2017-12-01

    Previous studies have shown that plasma sheet in tenuous and hot during southward IMF, whereas northward IMF conditions are associated with cold, dense plasma. The cold, dense plasma sheet (CDPS) has strong influence on magnetospheric dynamics. Closer to Earth, the CDPS could be formed via double high-latitude reconnection, while at increasing tailward distance reconnection, diffusion and kinetic Alfven waves in association with Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability are suggested as dominant source for cold-dense plasma sheet formation. In this paper we present statistical correlation study between Solar Wind, Magnetosheath and Plasma sheet properties using 9+ years of THEMIS data in aberrated GSM frame, and in a normalized coordinate system that takes into account the changes of the magnetopause and bow shock location with respect to changing solar wind conditions. We present statistical results of the plasma sheet density dependence on IMF orientation and other solar wind properties.

  9. Prediction Of Formability In Sheet Metal Forming Processes Using A Local Damage Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Teixeira, P.; Santos, Abel; César Sá, J.; Andrade Pires, F.; Barata da Rocha, A.

    2007-05-01

    The formability in sheet metal forming processes is mainly conditioned by ductile fracture resulting from geometric instabilities due to necking and strain localization. The macroscopic collapse associated with ductile failure is a result of internal degradation described throughout metallographic observations by the nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids and micro-cracks. Damage influences and is influenced by plastic deformation and therefore these two dissipative phenomena should be coupled at the constitutive level. In this contribution, Lemaitre's ductile damage model is coupled with Hill's orthotropic plasticity criterion. The coupling between damaging and material behavior is accounted for within the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM). The resulting constitutive equations are implemented in the Abaqus/Explicit code, for the prediction of fracture onset in sheet metal forming processes. The damage evolution law takes into account the important effect of micro-crack closure, which dramatically decreases the rate of damage growth under compressive paths.

  10. Numerical assessment of residual formability in sheet metal products: towards design for sustainability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Falsafi, Javad; Demirci, Emrah; Silberschmidt, Vadim. V.

    2016-08-01

    A new computational scheme is presented to addresses cold recyclability of sheet- metal products. Cold recycling or re-manufacturing is an emerging area studied mostly empirically; in its current form, it lacks theoretical foundation especially in the area of sheet metals. In this study, a re-formability index was introduced based on post-manufacture residual formability in sheet metal products. This index accounts for possible levels of deformation along different strain paths based on Polar Effective Plastic Strain (PEPS) technique. PEPS is strain-path independent, hence provides a foundation for residual formability analysis. A user- friendly code was developed to implement this assessment in conjunction with advanced finite- element (FE) analysis. The significance of this approach is the advancement towards recycling of sheet metal products without melting them.

  11. In-situ cross linking of polyvinyl alcohol. [application to battery separator films

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Philipp, W. H.; Hsu, L. C.; Sheibley, D. W. (Inventor)

    1981-01-01

    A method of producing a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol structure, such as a battery separator membrane or electrode envelope is described. An aqueous solution of a film-forming polyvinyl alcohol is admixed with an aldehyde crosslinking agent a basic pH to inhibit crosslinking. The crosslinking agent, perferably a dialdehyde such as glutaraldehyde, is used in an amount of from about 1/2 to about 20% of the theoretical amount required to crosslink all of the hydroxyl groups of the polymer. The aqueous admixture is formed into a desired physical shape, such as by casting a sheet of the solution. The sheet is then dried to form a self-supporting film. Crosslinking is then effected by immersing the film in aqueous acid solution. The resultant product has excellent properties for use as a battery separator.

  12. Theoretical modeling of the plasma-assisted catalytic growth and field emission properties of graphene sheet

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sharma, Suresh C.; Gupta, Neha

    2015-12-15

    A theoretical modeling for the catalyst-assisted growth of graphene sheet in the presence of plasma has been investigated. It is observed that the plasma parameters can strongly affect the growth and field emission properties of graphene sheet. The model developed accounts for the charging rate of the graphene sheet; number density of electrons, ions, and neutral atoms; various elementary processes on the surface of the catalyst nanoparticle; surface diffusion and accretion of ions; and formation of carbon-clusters and large graphene islands. In our investigation, it is found that the thickness of the graphene sheet decreases with the plasma parameters, numbermore » density of hydrogen ions and RF power, and consequently, the field emission of electrons from the graphene sheet surface increases. The time evolution of the height of graphene sheet with ion density and sticking coefficient of carbon species has also been examined. Some of our theoretical results are in compliance with the experimental observations.« less

  13. 75 FR 60316 - User Fees Relating to Enrollment and Preparer Tax Identification Numbers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-30

    ... a PTIN, a tax return preparer must be an attorney, certified public accountant, enrolled agent, or... that tax return preparers who are attorneys, certified public accountants, or enrolled agents already... who are not otherwise licensed as an attorney, certified public accountant, or enrolled agent...

  14. In situ self cross-linking of polyvinyl alcohol battery separators

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Philipp, W. H.; Hsu, L. C.; Sheibley, D. W. (Inventor)

    1979-01-01

    A battery separator was produced from a polyvinyl alcohol sheet structure which was subjected to an in situ, self crosslinking process by selective oxidation of the 1,2 diol units present in the polyvinyl alcohol sheet structure. The 1,2 diol units were cleaved to form aldehyde end groups which subsequently crosslink through acetalization of the 1,3 diol units of the polyvinyl alcohol. Selective oxidation was achieved using a solution of a suitable oxidizing agent such as periodic acid or lead tetraacetate.

  15. 18 CFR 367.2330 - Account 233, Notes payable to associate companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Liabilities § 367.2330... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 233, Notes payable to associate companies. 367.2330 Section 367.2330 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  16. 18 CFR 367.2430 - Account 243, Obligations under capital leases-Current.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Liabilities § 367.2430... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 243, Obligations under capital leases-Current. 367.2430 Section 367.2430 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  17. 18 CFR 367.1740 - Account 174, Miscellaneous current and accrued assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1740... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 174, Miscellaneous current and accrued assets. 367.1740 Section 367.1740 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  18. 18 CFR 367.2161 - Account 216.1, Unappropriated undistributed subsidiary earnings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Proprietary Capital § 367.2161... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 216.1, Unappropriated undistributed subsidiary earnings. 367.2161 Section 367.2161 Conservation of Power and Water...

  19. 18 CFR 367.2270 - Account 227, Obligations under capital lease-Non-current.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Other Noncurrent Liabilities § 367... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 227, Obligations under capital lease-Non-current. 367.2270 Section 367.2270 Conservation of Power and Water...

  20. 18 CFR 367.1450 - Account 145, Notes receivable from associate companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Current and Accrued Assets § 367.1450... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 145, Notes receivable from associate companies. 367.1450 Section 367.1450 Conservation of Power and Water Resources...

  1. 47 CFR 32.3400 - Accumulated amortization-tangible.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accumulated amortization-tangible. 32.3400 Section 32.3400 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  2. 47 CFR 32.2113 - Aircraft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Aircraft. 32.2113 Section 32.2113 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2113 Aircraft. This...

  3. 47 CFR 32.2122 - Furniture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Furniture. 32.2122 Section 32.2122 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2122 Furniture. This...

  4. 47 CFR 32.2005 - Telecommunications plant adjustment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Telecommunications plant adjustment. 32.2005 Section 32.2005 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  5. Fiber length - fiber strength interrelationship for slash pine and its effect on pulp-sheet properties

    Treesearch

    F.F. Wangaard; George E. Woodson

    1972-01-01

    Based on a model developed for hardwood fiber strength-pulp property relationships, multiple-regression equations involving fiber strength, fiber length, and sheet density were determined to predict the properties of kraft pulps of slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Regressions for breaking length and burst factor accounted for 88 and 90 percent,...

  6. Fiber length strength interrelationship for slash pine and its effect on pulp-sheet properties

    Treesearch

    F. G. Wangaard; G. E. Woodson

    1973-01-01

    Based on a model developed for hardwood fiber strength-pulp property relationships, multiple-regression equations involving fiber strength, fiber length, and sheet density were determined to predict the properties of kraft pulps of slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Regressions for breaking length and burst factor accounted for 88 and 90 percent,...

  7. Monitoring southwest Greenland's ice sheet melt with ambient seismic noise.

    PubMed

    Mordret, Aurélien; Mikesell, T Dylan; Harig, Christopher; Lipovsky, Bradley P; Prieto, Germán A

    2016-05-01

    The Greenland ice sheet presently accounts for ~70% of global ice sheet mass loss. Because this mass loss is associated with sea-level rise at a rate of 0.7 mm/year, the development of improved monitoring techniques to observe ongoing changes in ice sheet mass balance is of paramount concern. Spaceborne mass balance techniques are commonly used; however, they are inadequate for many purposes because of their low spatial and/or temporal resolution. We demonstrate that small variations in seismic wave speed in Earth's crust, as measured with the correlation of seismic noise, may be used to infer seasonal ice sheet mass balance. Seasonal loading and unloading of glacial mass induces strain in the crust, and these strains then result in seismic velocity changes due to poroelastic processes. Our method provides a new and independent way of monitoring (in near real time) ice sheet mass balance, yielding new constraints on ice sheet evolution and its contribution to global sea-level changes. An increased number of seismic stations in the vicinity of ice sheets will enhance our ability to create detailed space-time records of ice mass variations.

  8. Proceedings of the Army Numerical Analysis Conference (11th) Held at Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa., on 13-14 February 1974

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1974-12-01

    incineration of chemical agent mustard and pesticides are presented. 1. EDGEWOOD ARSENAL INCINERATION PROGRAM The name of the program which we...only 5 elements to a compound read. -This was fine for mustard, but had to be altered when we wished to simulate the incineration of a nerve agent VX...input data to this program. A process flow sheet of the scrubber system is shown in Figure 1. The incinerator burns Mustard Agent . The off gas from

  9. Bioacessibility of PAHs in fuel soot assessed by an in vitro digestive model: effect of including an absorptive sink.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yanyan; Pignatello, Joseph J; Tao, Shu; Xing, Baoshan

    2015-03-17

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with soot or black carbon can enter the human digestive tract by unintentional ingestion of soil or other particles. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of 11 PAHs in a composite fuel soot sample using an in vitro digestive model that included silicone sheet as an absorptive sink during the small intestinal digestion stage. The sheet was meant to simulate the passive transfer of PAHs in lumen fluid across the small intestinal epithelium, which was postulated to promote desorption of labile PAHs from the soot by steepening the soot-fluid concentration gradient. We show that the presence of silicone sheet during a 4 h default digestion time significantly increased the apparent bioaccessible fraction (Bapp, %), defined as the sum in the sheet and digestive fluid relative to the total PAH determined. The ability to increase Bapp for most PAHs leveled off above a sheet-to-soot ratio of 2.0 g per 50 mg, indicating that the sheet is an effective absorptive sink and promotes desorption in the mentioned way. Enhancement of Bapp by the sheet correlated positively with the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), even though the partition coefficient of PAH between sheet and digestive fluid (which contains bile acid micelles) correlated negatively with Kow. It was hypothesized that PAHs initially in the soot exist in labile and nonlabile states. The fraction of labile PAH still sorbed to the soot residue after digestion, and the maximum possible (limiting) bioaccessibility (Blim) could be estimated by varying the sheet-to-soot ratio. We show conclusively that the increase in bioccessibility due to the presence of the sheet is accounted for by a corresponding decrease in fraction of labile PAH still sorbed to the soot. The Blim ranged from 30.8 to 62.4%, independent of molecular size. The nonlabile fraction of individual PAHs (69.2-37.6% in this case) is therefore large and needs to be taken into account in risk assessment.

  10. Transitioning to Low-GWP Alternatives in Transport Refrigeration

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This fact sheet provides information on low-GWP refrigerant and foam blowing agent alternatives used in transport refrigeration equipment. It discusses HFC alternatives, market trends, challenges to market entry for alternatives, and potential solutions.

  11. Calculations of axisymmetric vortex sheet roll-up using a panel and a filament model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kantelis, J. P.; Widnall, S. E.

    1986-01-01

    A method for calculating the self-induced motion of a vortex sheet using discrete vortex elements is presented. Vortex panels and vortex filaments are used to simulate two-dimensional and axisymmetric vortex sheet roll-up. A straight forward application using vortex elements to simulate the motion of a disk of vorticity with an elliptic circulation distribution yields unsatisfactroy results where the vortex elements move in a chaotic manner. The difficulty is assumed to be due to the inability of a finite number of discrete vortex elements to model the singularity at the sheet edge and due to large velocity calculation errors which result from uneven sheet stretching. A model of the inner portion of the spiral is introduced to eliminate the difficulty with the sheet edge singularity. The model replaces the outermost portion of the sheet with a single vortex of equivalent circulation and a number of higher order terms which account for the asymmetry of the spiral. The resulting discrete vortex model is applied to both two-dimensional and axisymmetric sheets. The two-dimensional roll-up is compared to the solution for a semi-infinite sheet with good results.

  12. Structure and Dynamics of Current Sheets in 3D Magnetic Fields with the X-line

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Frank, Anna G.; Bogdanov, S. Yu.; Bugrov, S. G.; Markov, V. S.; Dreiden, G. V.; Ostrovskaya, G. V.

    2004-11-01

    Experimental results are presented on the structure of current sheets formed in 3D magnetic fields with singular lines of the X-type. Two basic diagnostics were used with the device CS - 3D: two-exposure holographic interferometry and magnetic measurements. Formation of extended current sheets and plasma compression were observed in the presence of the longitudinal magnetic field component aligned with the X-line. Plasma density decreased and the sheet thickness increased with an increase of the longitudinal component. We succeeded to reveal formation of the sheets taking unusual shape, namely tilted and asymmetric sheets, in plasmas with the heavy ions. These current sheets were obviously different from the planar sheets formed in 2D magnetic fields, i.e. without longitudinal component. Analysis of typical plasma parameters made it evident that plasma dynamics and current sheet evolution should be treated on the base of the two-fluid approach. Specifically it is necessary to take into account the Hall currents in the plane perpendicular to the X-line, and the dynamic effects resulting from interaction of the Hall currents and the 3D magnetic field. Supported by RFBR, grant 03-02-17282, and ISTC, project 2098.

  13. 47 CFR 32.2441 - Conduit systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conduit systems. 32.2441 Section 32.2441 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2441 Conduit systems. (a...

  14. 47 CFR 32.2220 - Operator systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Operator systems. 32.2220 Section 32.2220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2220 Operator systems...

  15. 47 CFR 32.2441 - Conduit systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Conduit systems. 32.2441 Section 32.2441 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2441 Conduit systems. (a...

  16. 47 CFR 32.2220 - Operator systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Operator systems. 32.2220 Section 32.2220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2220 Operator systems...

  17. 47 CFR 32.2441 - Conduit systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Conduit systems. 32.2441 Section 32.2441 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2441 Conduit systems. (a...

  18. 47 CFR 32.2220 - Operator systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Operator systems. 32.2220 Section 32.2220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2220 Operator systems...

  19. 47 CFR 32.2441 - Conduit systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Conduit systems. 32.2441 Section 32.2441 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2441 Conduit systems. (a...

  20. 47 CFR 32.2220 - Operator systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operator systems. 32.2220 Section 32.2220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2220 Operator systems...

  1. 47 CFR 32.4040 - Customers' deposits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Customers' deposits. 32.4040 Section 32.4040 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4040 Customers' deposits...

  2. 47 CFR 32.4540 - Other capital.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other capital. 32.4540 Section 32.4540 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4540 Other capital. This...

  3. 47 CFR 32.4540 - Other capital.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other capital. 32.4540 Section 32.4540 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4540 Other capital. This...

  4. 47 CFR 32.1500 - Other jurisdictional assets-net.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other jurisdictional assets-net. 32.1500 Section 32.1500 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  5. 47 CFR 32.2351 - Public telephone terminal equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Public telephone terminal equipment. 32.2351 Section 32.2351 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  6. 47 CFR 32.2362 - Other terminal equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other terminal equipment. 32.2362 Section 32.2362 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2362...

  7. 47 CFR 32.2681 - Capital leases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Capital leases. 32.2681 Section 32.2681 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2681 Capital leases. (a...

  8. 47 CFR 32.2421 - Aerial cable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Aerial cable. 32.2421 Section 32.2421 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2421 Aerial cable. (a...

  9. 47 CFR 32.4530 - Treasury stock.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Treasury stock. 32.4530 Section 32.4530 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4530 Treasury stock...

  10. 47 CFR 32.4510 - Capital stock.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Capital stock. 32.4510 Section 32.4510 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4510 Capital stock. (a...

  11. 47 CFR 32.2220 - Operator systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operator systems. 32.2220 Section 32.2220 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2220 Operator systems...

  12. 47 CFR 32.2441 - Conduit systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conduit systems. 32.2441 Section 32.2441 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2441 Conduit systems. (a...

  13. 47 CFR 32.2001 - Telecommunications plant in service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Telecommunications plant in service. 32.2001 Section 32.2001 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32...

  14. 47 CFR 32.2006 - Nonoperating plant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nonoperating plant. 32.2006 Section 32.2006... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2006 Nonoperating plant... in the plant accounts as operating telecommunications plant. It shall include the company's...

  15. 47 CFR 32.2006 - Nonoperating plant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Nonoperating plant. 32.2006 Section 32.2006... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2006 Nonoperating plant... in the plant accounts as operating telecommunications plant. It shall include the company's...

  16. 47 CFR 32.2006 - Nonoperating plant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Nonoperating plant. 32.2006 Section 32.2006... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2006 Nonoperating plant... in the plant accounts as operating telecommunications plant. It shall include the company's...

  17. 47 CFR 32.2006 - Nonoperating plant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Nonoperating plant. 32.2006 Section 32.2006... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2006 Nonoperating plant... in the plant accounts as operating telecommunications plant. It shall include the company's...

  18. 47 CFR 32.2006 - Nonoperating plant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nonoperating plant. 32.2006 Section 32.2006... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2006 Nonoperating plant... in the plant accounts as operating telecommunications plant. It shall include the company's...

  19. 47 CFR 32.2311 - Station apparatus.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Station apparatus. 32.2311 Section 32.2311... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2311 Station apparatus. (a) This account shall include the original cost of station apparatus, including teletypewriter...

  20. 47 CFR 32.2311 - Station apparatus.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Station apparatus. 32.2311 Section 32.2311... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2311 Station apparatus. (a) This account shall include the original cost of station apparatus, including teletypewriter...

  1. 47 CFR 32.2231 - Radio systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Radio systems. 32.2231 Section 32.2231 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2231 Radio systems. (a...

  2. 47 CFR 32.2231 - Radio systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Radio systems. 32.2231 Section 32.2231 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2231 Radio systems. (a...

  3. 47 CFR 32.2231 - Radio systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Radio systems. 32.2231 Section 32.2231 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2231 Radio systems. (a...

  4. 47 CFR 32.2231 - Radio systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Radio systems. 32.2231 Section 32.2231 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2231 Radio systems. (a...

  5. [Continuing medical education and the Social Balance Sheet].

    PubMed

    Gatti, Giorgio

    2010-06-01

    The social balance sheet is an instrument used to obtain a clear and transparent account, that helps to develop an analysis of the budget from the point of view of the stakeholders; this is not all that is required by law, but it takes into account the ability of the health institutions to obtain a collaboration with the neighboring environment and with the social issues that enter into the relationship. This could be a valuable tool also for educational purposes; it is an useful task to be performed by the health workers, and an opportunity to redefine the information needs through the analysis of the results achieved.

  6. 32 CFR 538.4 - Convertibility of military payment certificates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... areas where finance and accounting officers, Class “B” Agent Officers, including military attache agent... section will not be construed as authorizing finance and accounting officers or their agents in areas...

  7. 7 CFR 1951.230 - Transfer of security and assumption of loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... maintenance, and any other project account, including supervised bank accounts. (7) When the property to be... transferor from receiving equity payments when the full account of the FmHA or its successor agency under... Public Law 103-354 442-3, “Balance Sheet,” and budget and cash flow information using Form FmHA or its...

  8. Teaching Critical Thinking in the Business Mathematics Course.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rosenbaum, Roberta

    1986-01-01

    Appropriate strategies for teaching students to interpret and understand quantitative data in marketing, management, accounting, and data processing are described. Accompanying figures illustrate samples of percentage markups, trade discounts, gross earning, gross commissions, accounting entries, balance sheet entries, and percentage problems. (CT)

  9. 47 CFR 32.2121 - Buildings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Buildings. 32.2121 Section 32.2121... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2121 Buildings. (a) This account shall include the original cost of buildings, and the cost of all permanent fixtures, machinery...

  10. 47 CFR 32.1220 - Inventories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventories. 32.1220 Section 32.1220... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.1220 Inventories. (a) This account shall include the cost of materials and supplies held in stock and inventories of goods...

  11. 47 CFR 32.1120 - Cash and equivalents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cash and equivalents. 32.1120 Section 32.1120 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.1120 Cash and...

  12. 47 CFR 32.4080 - Other taxes-accrued.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other taxes-accrued. 32.4080 Section 32.4080 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4080 Other taxes—accrued...

  13. 47 CFR 32.1350 - Other current assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other current assets. 32.1350 Section 32.1350 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.1350 Other current...

  14. 47 CFR 32.4070 - Income taxes-accrued.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Income taxes-accrued. 32.4070 Section 32.4070 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4070 Income taxes...

  15. National Contingency Plan (NCP) Subpart J Product Schedule Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This section of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan stipulates the criteria for listing and managing the use of dispersants and other chemical and biological agents used to mitigate oil spills.

  16. Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge: 1996 Greener Reaction Conditions Award

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge 1996 award winner, Dow Chemical Company, developed a process to manufacture polystyrene foam sheet packaging that uses carbon dioxide (CO2) as a blowing agent, eliminating CFC-12 and HCFC-22.

  17. Agent-Based Model Approach to Complex Phenomena in Real Economy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iyetomi, H.; Aoyama, H.; Fujiwara, Y.; Ikeda, Y.; Souma, W.

    An agent-based model for firms' dynamics is developed. The model consists of firm agents with identical characteristic parameters and a bank agent. Dynamics of those agents are described by their balance sheets. Each firm tries to maximize its expected profit with possible risks in market. Infinite growth of a firm directed by the ``profit maximization" principle is suppressed by a concept of ``going concern". Possibility of bankruptcy of firms is also introduced by incorporating a retardation effect of information on firms' decision. The firms, mutually interacting through the monopolistic bank, become heterogeneous in the course of temporal evolution. Statistical properties of firms' dynamics obtained by simulations based on the model are discussed in light of observations in the real economy.

  18. Friction and lubrication modelling in sheet metal forming: Influence of lubrication amount, tool roughness and sheet coating on product quality

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hol, J.; Wiebenga, J. H.; Carleer, B.

    2017-09-01

    In the stamping of automotive parts, friction and lubrication play a key role in achieving high quality products. In the development process of new automotive parts, it is therefore crucial to accurately account for these effects in sheet metal forming simulations. This paper presents a selection of results considering friction and lubrication modelling in sheet metal forming simulations of a front fender product. For varying lubrication conditions, the front fender can either show wrinkling or fractures. The front fender is modelled using different lubrication amounts, tool roughness’s and sheet coatings to show the strong influence of friction on both part quality and the overall production stability. For this purpose, the TriboForm software is used in combination with the AutoForm software. The results demonstrate that the TriboForm software enables the simulation of friction behaviour for varying lubrication conditions, i.e. resulting in a generally applicable approach for friction characterization under industrial sheet metal forming process conditions.

  19. 47 CFR 32.2112 - Motor vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Motor vehicles. 32.2112 Section 32.2112... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2112 Motor vehicles. This account shall include the original cost of motor vehicles of the type which are designed and...

  20. 47 CFR 32.2112 - Motor vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Motor vehicles. 32.2112 Section 32.2112... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2112 Motor vehicles. This account shall include the original cost of motor vehicles of the type which are designed and...

  1. 47 CFR 32.2112 - Motor vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Motor vehicles. 32.2112 Section 32.2112... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2112 Motor vehicles. This account shall include the original cost of motor vehicles of the type which are designed and...

  2. 47 CFR 32.2112 - Motor vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Motor vehicles. 32.2112 Section 32.2112... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2112 Motor vehicles. This account shall include the original cost of motor vehicles of the type which are designed and...

  3. 47 CFR 32.4040 - Customers' deposits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Customers' deposits. 32.4040 Section 32.4040... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4040 Customers' deposits. (a) This account shall include the amount of cash deposited with the company by customers as security...

  4. 47 CFR 32.2123 - Office equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Office equipment. 32.2123 Section 32.2123... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2123 Office equipment. This account shall include the original cost of office equipment in offices, shops and all other...

  5. 47 CFR 32.2341 - Large private branch exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32... cost of installation, of multiple manual private branch exchanges and of dial system private branch...) Embedded CPE is that equipment or inventory which is tariffed or otherwise subject to the jurisdictional...

  6. 47 CFR 32.2341 - Large private branch exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32... cost of installation, of multiple manual private branch exchanges and of dial system private branch...) Embedded CPE is that equipment or inventory which is tariffed or otherwise subject to the jurisdictional...

  7. 47 CFR 32.2341 - Large private branch exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32... cost of installation, of multiple manual private branch exchanges and of dial system private branch...) Embedded CPE is that equipment or inventory which is tariffed or otherwise subject to the jurisdictional...

  8. 47 CFR 32.2341 - Large private branch exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32... cost of installation, of multiple manual private branch exchanges and of dial system private branch...) Embedded CPE is that equipment or inventory which is tariffed or otherwise subject to the jurisdictional...

  9. [Autologous epidermal sheets production for skin cellular therapy].

    PubMed

    Vacher, D

    2003-05-01

    Cell therapy is becoming a very interesting solution to replace degenerated or damaged tissues. In January 1998, Genevrier Laboratories inaugurated a new department especially designed for the production of cultured cells as therapeutic agents. Meeting clinician therapeutic needs by providing autologous keratinocytes and chondrocytes in the near future, represents the primary aim of the Biotechnology department. Concrete cell-based products are already being used for the treatment of burns and cutaneous chronic wounds such as the EPIBASE graft, which corresponds to an epidermis sheet composed of cultured autologous keratinocytes.

  10. The Meta Language of Accounting: What's the Level of Students' Understanding?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Elson, Raymond J.; O'Callaghan, Susanne; Walker, John P.; Williams, Robert

    2013-01-01

    Students rely on rote knowledge to learn accounting concepts. However, this approach does not allow them to understanding the meta language of accounting. Meta language is simply the concepts and terms that are used in a profession and are easily understood by its users. Terms such as equity, assets, and balance sheet are part of the accounting…

  11. The Effects of Plastic Anisotropy in Warm and Hot Forming of Magnesium Sheet Materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taleff, Eric M.; Antoniswamy, Aravindha R.; Carpenter, Alexander J.; Yavuz, Emre

    Mg alloy sheet materials often exhibit plastic anisotropy at room temperature as a result of the limited slip systems available in the HCP lattice combined with a commonly strong basal texture. Less well studied is plastic anisotropy developed at the elevated temperatures associated with warm and hot forming. At these elevated temperatures, particularly above 200°C, the activation of additional slip systems significantly increases ductility. However, plastic anisotropy is also induced at elevated temperatures by a strong crystallographic texture, and it can require an accounting in material constitutive models to achieve accurate forming simulations. The type and degree of anisotropy under these conditions depend on both texture and deformation mechanism. The current understanding of plastic anisotropy in Mg AZ31B and ZEK100 sheet materials at elevated temperatures is reviewed in this article. The recent construction of material forming cases is also reviewed with strategies to account for plastic anisotropy in forming simulations.

  12. 24 CFR 242.58 - Books, accounts, and financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Books, accounts, and financial... Requirements § 242.58 Books, accounts, and financial statements. (a) Books and accounts. The mortgagor's books... Agreement. (f) Books of management agents. The books and records of management agents, lessees, operators...

  13. 24 CFR 242.58 - Books, accounts, and financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Books, accounts, and financial... Requirements § 242.58 Books, accounts, and financial statements. (a) Books and accounts. The mortgagor's books... Agreement. (f) Books of management agents. The books and records of management agents, lessees, operators...

  14. 24 CFR 242.58 - Books, accounts, and financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Books, accounts, and financial... Requirements § 242.58 Books, accounts, and financial statements. (a) Books and accounts. The mortgagor's books... Agreement. (f) Books of management agents. The books and records of management agents, lessees, operators...

  15. 24 CFR 242.58 - Books, accounts, and financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Books, accounts, and financial... Requirements § 242.58 Books, accounts, and financial statements. (a) Books and accounts. The mortgagor's books... Agreement. (f) Books of management agents. The books and records of management agents, lessees, operators...

  16. Financial Reporting for Tennessee Public Colleges and Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tennessee Higher Education Commission, Nashville.

    This manual provides a framework for accounting practices, budgeting and reporting procedures for Tennessee public higher education institutions. Emphasis is placed on principles and procedures of accounting and financial reporting; the balance sheet; statement of changes in fund balances; statement of current funds revenues, expenditures, and…

  17. 46 CFR 276.2 - Reporting requirement-partial repayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Administration on account of the operation of such vessel in other than exclusively foreign trade must be shown in Balance Sheet Account No. 430; and a schedule reflecting the details of the manner in which the... 276.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUBSIDIZED...

  18. 46 CFR 276.2 - Reporting requirement-partial repayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Administration on account of the operation of such vessel in other than exclusively foreign trade must be shown in Balance Sheet Account No. 430; and a schedule reflecting the details of the manner in which the... 276.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUBSIDIZED...

  19. 47 CFR 32.2431 - Aerial wire.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Aerial wire. 32.2431 Section 32.2431... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2431 Aerial wire. (a) This account shall include the original cost of bare line wire and other material used in the...

  20. 47 CFR 32.2431 - Aerial wire.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Aerial wire. 32.2431 Section 32.2431... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2431 Aerial wire. (a) This account shall include the original cost of bare line wire and other material used in the...

  1. 14 CFR 23 - Certification and Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... consideration received shall be reported. (2) “Other Paid-In Capital” shall include the difference between the... cross-referenced to the affected account or accounts. Schedule B-7 Airframe and Aircraft Engine... both passengers and cargo in combination. Data pertaining to aircraft engines shall be reported in...

  2. Synthesis of TiO2/functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) nanocomposites in super critical CO2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Farhangi, Nasrin; Medina-Gonzalez, Yaocihuatl; Chen, Bo; Charpentier, Paul A.

    2010-06-01

    Highly ordered TiO2 nanowire arrays were prepared on the surface of Functionalized Graphene sheets (FGSs) by solgel method using titanium isopropoxide monomer with acetic acid as the polycondensation agent in the green solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). Morphology of synthesized materials was studied by SEM and TEM. Optical properties of the nanocomposites studied by UV spectroscopy which showed high absorption in visible area as well as reduction in their band gap compared to TiO2. By high resolution XPS, chelating bidentate structure of TiO2 with carboxylic group on the surface of graphene sheets can be confirmed. Improvement in the optical properties of the synthesized composites compared to TiO2 alone was confirmed by photocurrent measurements.

  3. [Painting in construction and exposure to carcinogenic chemical agents: an Italian study in Lombardy].

    PubMed

    Cirla, P E; Martinotti, I; Firmi, A M; Cirla, A M

    2012-01-01

    The risk associated with exposure to chemical carcinogens (as classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer and/or the European Union), during painting activities in construction seems controversial. This study included all 43 activities of professional painting in this sector existing in the area of Cremona, in Lombardy region. The aim was to consider and promote preventive technical and medical solutions, basing on efficacy. The occupational exposure and the already adopted preventive measures were evaluated by investigations at workplaces, supported by standardized questionnaires and registrations. 860 commercial products (402 chemical substances) were classified: in 38% of cases the ingredients were not listed in the Material Safety Data Sheets (retrieved by the manufacturer). The real possibility of a risk exposure to carcinogens has been reported in a small proportion of situations. In all companies the presence of carcinogens was unrecognized or at least had not been taken into account in the risk assessment of workers.

  4. 18 CFR 367.1310 - Account 131, Cash.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 131, Cash. 367.1310 Section 367.1310 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION...

  5. 14 CFR Section 23 - Certification and Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... consideration received shall be reported. (2) “Other Paid-In Capital” shall include the difference between the... cross-referenced to the affected account or accounts. Schedule B-7 Airframe and Aircraft Engine... both passengers and cargo in combination. Data pertaining to aircraft engines shall be reported in...

  6. 14 CFR Section 23 - Certification and Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... consideration received shall be reported. (2) “Other Paid-In Capital” shall include the difference between the... cross-referenced to the affected account or accounts. Schedule B-7 Airframe and Aircraft Engine... both passengers and cargo in combination. Data pertaining to aircraft engines shall be reported in...

  7. 17 CFR 210.10-01 - Interim financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... accountant on the review must be filed with the interim financial statements. (e) Filing of other interim... sheets shall include only major captions (i.e., numbered captions) prescribed by the applicable sections... the date of any material accounting change and the reasons for making it. In addition, for filings on...

  8. The Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Glacial-Interglacial Oceanic Forcing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tabone, I.; Blasco Navarro, J.; Robinson, A.; Alvarez-Solas, J.; Montoya, M.

    2017-12-01

    Up to now, the scientific community has mainly focused on the sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to atmospheric variations. However, several studies suggest that the enhanced ice mass loss experienced by the GrIS in the past decades is directly connected to the increasing North Atlantic temperatures. Melting of GrIS outlet glaciers triggers grounding-line retreat increasing ice discharge into the ocean. This new evidence leads to consider the ocean as a relevant driver to be taken into account when modeling the evolution of the GrIS. The ice-ocean interaction is a primary factor controling not only the likely future retreat of GrIS outlet glaciers, or the huge ice loss in past warming climates, but also, and more strongly, the past GrIS glacial expansion. The latter assumption is supported by reconstructions which propose the GrIS to be fully marine-based during glacials, and thus more exposed to the influence of the ocean. Here, for the first time, we investigate the response of the GrIS to past oceanic changes using a three-dimensional hybrid ice-sheet/ice-shelf model, which combines the Shallow Ice Approximation (SIA) for slow grounded ice sheets and the Shallow Shelf Approximation (SSA) in ice shelves and ice streams. The model accounts for a time-dependent parametrisation of the marine basal melting rate, which is used to reproduce past oceanic variations. In this work simulations of the last two glacial cycles are performed. Our results show that the GrIS is very sensitive to the ocean-triggered submarine melting (freezing). Mild oceanic temperature variations lead to a rapid retreat (expansion) of the GrIS margins, which, inducing a dynamic adjustment of the grounded ice sheet, drive the evolution of the whole ice sheet. Our results strongly suggest the need to consider the ocean as an active forcing in paleo ice sheet models.

  9. 12 CFR 704.12 - Permissible services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... teller machines, online transaction processing through a website, website hosting services, account... liquidity planning and balance sheet modeling and analysis. (6) Operational services. Operational services...

  10. Ice-sheet contributions to future sea-level change.

    PubMed

    Gregory, J M; Huybrechts, P

    2006-07-15

    Accurate simulation of ice-sheet surface mass balance requires higher spatial resolution than is afforded by typical atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), owing, in particular, to the need to resolve the narrow and steep margins where the majority of precipitation and ablation occurs. We have developed a method for calculating mass-balance changes by combining ice-sheet average time-series from AOGCM projections for future centuries, both with information from high-resolution climate models run for short periods and with a 20km ice-sheet mass-balance model. Antarctica contributes negatively to sea level on account of increased accumulation, while Greenland contributes positively because ablation increases more rapidly. The uncertainty in the results is about 20% for Antarctica and 35% for Greenland. Changes in ice-sheet topography and dynamics are not included, but we discuss their possible effects. For an annual- and area-average warming exceeding 4.5+/-0.9K in Greenland and 3.1+/-0.8K in the global average, the net surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet becomes negative, in which case it is likely that the ice sheet would eventually be eliminated, raising global-average sea level by 7m.

  11. Ice-sheet dynamics through the Quaternary on the mid-Norwegian continental margin inferred from 3D seismic data.

    PubMed

    Montelli, A; Dowdeswell, J A; Ottesen, D; Johansen, S E

    2017-02-01

    Reconstructing the evolution of ice sheets is critical to our understanding of the global environmental system, but most detailed palaeo-glaciological reconstructions have hitherto focused on the very recent history of ice sheets. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the changing nature of ice-sheet derived sedimentary architecture through the Quaternary Ice Age of almost 3 Ma. An extensive geophysical record documents a marine-terminating, calving Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) margin present periodically on the mid-Norwegian shelf since the beginning of the Quaternary. Spatial and temporal variability of the FIS is illustrated by the gradual development of fast-flowing ice streams and associated intensification of focused glacial erosion and sedimentation since that time. Buried subglacial landforms reveal a complex and dynamic ice sheet, with converging palaeo-ice streams and several flow-switching events that may reflect major changes in topography and basal thermal regime. Lack of major subglacial meltwater channels suggests a largely distributed drainage system beneath the marine-terminating part of the FIS. This palaeo-environmental examination of the FIS provides a useful framework for ice-sheet modelling and shows that fragmentary preservation of buried surfaces and variability of ice-sheet dynamics should be taken into account when reconstructing glacial history from spatially limited datasets.

  12. Specific Amyloid Binding of Polybasic Peptides In Vivo Is Retained by β-Sheet Conformers but Lost in the Disrupted Coil and All D-Amino Acid Variants.

    PubMed

    Wall, Jonathan S; Williams, Angela; Richey, Tina; Stuckey, Alan; Wooliver, Craig; Christopher Scott, J; Donnell, Robert; Martin, Emily B; Kennel, Stephen J

    2017-10-01

    The heparin-reactive, helical peptide p5 is an effective amyloid imaging agent in mice with systemic amyloidosis. Analogs of p5 with modified secondary structure characteristics exhibited altered binding to heparin, synthetic amyloid fibrils, and amyloid extracts in vitro. Herein, we further study the effects of peptide helicity and chirality on specific amyloid binding using a mouse model of systemic inflammation-associated (AA) amyloidosis. Peptides with disrupted helical structure [p5 (coil) and p5 (Pro3) ], with an extended sheet conformation [p5 (sheet) ] or an all-D enantiomer [p5 (D) ], were chemically synthesized, radioiodinated, and their biodistribution studied in WT mice as well as transgenic animals with severe systemic AA amyloidosis. Peptide binding was assessed qualitatively by using small animal single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography imaging and microautoradiography and quantitatively using tissue counting. Peptides with reduced helical propensity, p5 (coil) and p5 (Pro3) , exhibited significantly reduced binding to AA amyloid-laden organs. In contrast, peptide p5 (D) was retained by non-amyloid-related ligands in the liver and kidneys of both WT and AA mice, but it also bound AA amyloid in the spleen. The p5 (sheet) peptide specifically bound AA amyloid in vivo and was not retained by healthy tissues in WT animals. Modification of amyloid-targeting peptides using D-amino acids should be performed cautiously due to the introduction of unexpected secondary pharmacologic effects. Peptides that adopt a helical structure, to align charged amino acid side chains along one face, exhibit specific reactivity with amyloid; however, polybasic peptides with a propensity for β-sheet conformation are also amyloid-reactive and may yield a novel class of amyloid-targeting agents for imaging and therapy.

  13. Adult Competency Education Kit. Basic Skills in Speaking, Math, and Reading for Employment. Part L. ACE Competency Based Job Descriptions: #52--Maid; #54--Ticket Agent; #55--Cosmetologist; #57--Counterperson; #58--Cook's Helper; #59--Kitchen Helper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    San Mateo County Office of Education, Redwood City, CA. Career Preparation Centers.

    This ninth of fifteen sets of Adult Competency Education (ACE) Competency Based Job Descriptions in the ACE kit contains job descriptions for Maid, Ticket Agent, Cosmetologist, Counterperson, Cook's Helper, and Kitchen Helper. Each begins with a fact sheet that includes this information: occupational title, D.O.T. code, ACE number, career ladder,…

  14. 77 FR 8753 - Furnishing Identifying Number of Tax Return Preparer

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... return preparer must be an attorney, certified public accountant, enrolled agent, or registered tax... ``decided to allow certain individuals who are not attorneys, certified public accountants, enrolled agents... may obtain a PTIN: (1) Tax return preparers supervised by attorneys, certified public accountants...

  15. Conversion of finished leather waste incorporated with plant fibers into value added consumer products - An effort to minimize solid waste in Ethiopia.

    PubMed

    Teklay, A; Gebeyehu, G; Getachew, T; Yaynshet, T; Sastry, T P

    2017-10-01

    Presently, the leftovers from leather product industries are discarded as waste in Ethiopia. The objective of the present study was therefore, to prepare composite sheets by incorporating various plant fibers like enset (Ensete ventricosum), hibiscus (Hibiscus cannabinus), jute (Corchorus trilocularis L.), palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and sisal (Agave sisal) in various proportions into the leather waste. Resin binder (RB) and natural rubber latex (NRL) were used as binding agents for the preparation of the composite sheets. The composite sheets prepared were characterized for their physicochemical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, stitch tear strength, water absorption, water desorption and flexing strength). Composite sheets prepared using RB having 10% hibiscus, 20% palm and 40% sisal fibers showed better mechanical properties than their respective controls. In composite sheets prepared using NRL having 30% jute fiber exhibited better mechanical properties than its control. Most of the plant fibers used in this study played a role in increasing the performance of the sheets. However, as seen from the results, the contribution of these plant fibers on performance of the composite sheets prepared is dependent on the ratio used and the nature of binder. The SEM studies have exhibited the composite nature of the sheets and FTIR studies have shown the functional groups of collagen protein, cellulose and binders. The prepared sheets were used as raw materials for preparation of items like stiff hand bags, ladies' purse, keychain, chappal upper, wallet, wall cover, mouse pad and other interior decorating products. By preparing such value added products, we can reduce solid waste; minimize environmental pollution and thereby securing environmental sustainability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Quantifying cancer cell receptors with paired-agent fluorescent imaging: a novel method to account for tissue optical property effects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sadeghipour, Negar; Davis, Scott C.; Tichauer, Kenneth M.

    2018-02-01

    Dynamic fluorescence imaging approaches can be used to estimate the concentration of cell surface receptors in vivo. Kinetic models are used to generate the final estimation by taking the targeted imaging agent concentration as a function of time. However, tissue absorption and scattering properties cause the final readout signal to be on a different scale than the real fluorescent agent concentration. In paired-agent imaging approaches, simultaneous injection of a suitable control imaging agent with a targeted one can account for non-specific uptake and retention of the targeted agent. Additionally, the signal from the control agent can be a normalizing factor to correct for tissue optical property differences. In this study, the kinetic model used for paired-agent imaging analysis (i.e., simplified reference tissue model) is modified and tested in simulation and experimental data in a way that accounts for the scaling correction within the kinetic model fit to the data to ultimately extract an estimate of the targeted biomarker concentration.

  17. 31 CFR Appendix B to Part 357 - TRADES Commentary

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... accounts. In TRADES, Treasury, through its fiscal agents, the Federal Reserve Banks, recognizes the identity only of Participants (persons with a direct account relationship with a Federal Reserve Bank... agents, will act only on instructions of the Participant in whose Securities Account the Treasury book...

  18. Glaciological constraints on current ice mass changes from modelling the ice sheets over the glacial cycles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huybrechts, P.

    2003-04-01

    The evolution of continental ice sheets introduces a long time scale in the climate system. Large ice sheets have a memory of millenia, hence the present-day ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are still adjusting to climatic variations extending back to the last glacial period. This trend is separate from the direct response to mass-balance changes on decadal time scales and needs to be correctly accounted for when assessing current and future contributions to sea level. One way to obtain estimates of current ice mass changes is to model the past history of the ice sheets and their underlying beds over the glacial cycles. Such calculations assist to distinguish between the longer-term ice-dynamic evolution and short-term mass-balance changes when interpreting altimetry data, and are helpful to isolate the effects of postglacial rebound from gravity and altimetry trends. The presentation will discuss results obtained from 3-D thermomechanical ice-sheet/lithosphere/bedrock models applied to the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. The simulations are forced by time-dependent boundary conditions derived from sediment and ice core records and are constrained by geomorphological and glacial-geological data of past ice sheet and sea-level stands. Current simulations suggest that the Greenland ice sheet is close to balance, while the Antarctic ice sheet is still losing mass, mainly due to incomplete grounding-line retreat of the West Antarctic ice sheet since the LGM. The results indicate that altimetry trends are likely dominated by ice thickness changes but that the gravitational signal mainly reflects postglacial rebound.

  19. Estimates of magnetic flux, and energy balance in the plasma sheet during substorm expansion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hesse, Michael; Birn, Joachim; Pulkkinen, Tuija

    1996-01-01

    The energy and magnetic flux budgets of the magnetotail plasma sheet during substorm expansion are investigated. The possible mechanisms that change the energy content of the closed field line region which contains all the major dissipation mechanisms of relevance during substorms, are considered. The compression of the plasma sheet mechanism and the diffusion mechanism are considered and excluded. It is concluded that the magnetic reconnection mechanism can accomplish the required transport. Data-based empirical magnetic field models are used to investigate the magnetic flux transport required to account for the observed magnetic field dipolarizations in the inner magnetosphere. It is found that the magnetic flux permeating the current sheet is typically insufficient to supply the required magnetic flux. It is concluded that no major substorm-type magnetospheric reconfiguration is possible in the absence of magnetic reconnection.

  20. Asymptotic decay and non-rupture of viscous sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fontelos, Marco A.; Kitavtsev, Georgy; Taranets, Roman M.

    2018-06-01

    For a nonlinear system of coupled PDEs, that describes evolution of a viscous thin liquid sheet and takes account of surface tension at the free surface, we show exponential (H^1, L^2) asymptotic decay to the flat profile of its solutions considered with general initial data. Additionally, by transforming the system to Lagrangian coordinates we show that the minimal thickness of the sheet stays positive for all times. This result proves the conjecture formally accepted in the physical literature (cf. Eggers and Fontelos in Singularities: formation, structure, and propagation. Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, Cambridge, 2015), that a viscous sheet cannot rupture in finite time in the absence of external forcing. Moreover, in the absence of surface tension we find a special class of initial data for which the Lagrangian solution exhibits L^2-exponential decay to the flat profile.

  1. Pressure anisotropy and radial stress balance in the Jovian neutral sheet

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paranicas, C. P.; Mauk, B. H.; Krimigis, S. M.

    1991-01-01

    By examining particle and magnetic field data from the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, signatures were found indicating that the (greater than about 28 keV) particle pressure parallel to the magnetic field is greater than the pressure perpendicular to the field within the nightside neutral sheet (three nightside neutral sheet crossings, with favorable experimental conditions, were used). By incorporating the pressure anisotropy into the calculation of radial forces within the hightside neutral sheet, it is found that (1) force balance is approximately achieved and (2) the anisotropy force term provides the largest contribution of the other particle forces considered (pressure gradients and the corotation centrifugal force). With regard to the problem of understanding the balance of radial forces within the dayside neutral sheet (McNutt, 1984; Mauk and Krimigis, 1987), the nightside pressure anisotropy force is larger than the dayside pressure gradient forces at equivalent radial distances; however, a full accounting of the dayside regions remains to be achieved.

  2. Smart Companies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Galagan, Patricia A.

    1997-01-01

    Capturing and leveraging knowledge is an important new management trend that is as yet undefined. Some companies are accounting for their intellectual capital and applying it to the company balance sheets. (JOW)

  3. Collapse of polar ice sheets during the stage 11 interglacial.

    PubMed

    Raymo, Maureen E; Mitrovica, Jerry X

    2012-03-14

    Contentious observations of Pleistocene shoreline features on the tectonically stable islands of Bermuda and the Bahamas have suggested that sea level about 400,000 years ago was more than 20 metres higher than it is today. Geochronologic and geomorphic evidence indicates that these features formed during interglacial marine isotope stage (MIS) 11, an unusually long interval of warmth during the ice age. Previous work has advanced two divergent hypotheses for these shoreline features: first, significant melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, in addition to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet; or second, emplacement by a mega-tsunami during MIS 11 (ref. 4, 5). Here we show that the elevations of these features are corrected downwards by ∼10 metres when we account for post-glacial crustal subsidence of these sites over the course of the anomalously long interglacial. On the basis of this correction, we estimate that eustatic sea level rose to ∼6-13 m above the present-day value in the second half of MIS 11. This suggests that both the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during the protracted warm period while changes in the volume of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet were relatively minor, thereby resolving the long-standing controversy over the stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during MIS 11.

  4. 18 CFR 367.1080 - Account 108, Accumulated provision for depreciation of service company property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts § 367.1080..., Accumulated provision for depreciation of service company property. 367.1080 Section 367.1080 Conservation of... THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM...

  5. Back to Basics: Algebraic Foundations of the Statement of Cash Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Joyner, Donald T.; Banatte, Jean-Marie; Dondeti, V. Reddy

    2014-01-01

    The indirect method for preparing the statement of cash flows, as described in many standard textbooks, involves an item-by-item approach, telling you to add to or subtract from the net income, the increases or decreases in the balance sheet items, such as accounts payable or accounts receivable. Many business students, especially at the…

  6. Bookkeeping and Accounting: The "Time" Approach to Teaching Accounting

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mallue, Henry E., Jr.

    1977-01-01

    Describes the "time" approach, a non-traditional method for teaching Bookkeeping I, which redirects the general climate of the first week of class by not introducing crucial balance sheet and journal concepts, but makes use of sections 441 and 446 of the Internal Revenue Code, thereby permitting students to learn the important role "time"…

  7. 46 CFR Sec. 5 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 5 Accounting. The General Agent shall record the amounts of compensation paid from the NSA... compensation paid under sections 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) of NSA Order No. 47. Note: Invoices and account...

  8. 46 CFR Sec. 5 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 5 Accounting. The General Agent shall record the amounts of compensation paid from the NSA... compensation paid under sections 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) of NSA Order No. 47. Note: Invoices and account...

  9. 46 CFR Sec. 5 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 5 Accounting. The General Agent shall record the amounts of compensation paid from the NSA... compensation paid under sections 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) of NSA Order No. 47. Note: Invoices and account...

  10. 46 CFR Sec. 5 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 5 Accounting. The General Agent shall record the amounts of compensation paid from the NSA... compensation paid under sections 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) of NSA Order No. 47. Note: Invoices and account...

  11. 77 FR 58796 - Reliance Standards for Making Good Faith Determinations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-24

    ... successor provisions). A qualified tax practitioner means an attorney, a certified public accountant (``CPA..., a certified public accountant, or an enrolled agent, within the meaning of 31 CFR 10.2 and 10.3, who... an attorney, a certified public accountant, or an enrolled agent, within the meaning of 31 CFR 10.2...

  12. 47 CFR 32.2423 - Buried cable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2423 Buried cable. (a... of cleaning manholes and ducts in connection with construction work and the cost of permits and...

  13. Fe doped TiO2 nanofibers on the surface of graphene sheets for photovoltaics applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Farhangi, Nasrin; Medina-Gonzalez, Yaocihuatl; Charpentier, Paul A.

    2011-08-01

    Highly ordered, visible light driven TiO2 nanowire arrays doped with Fe photocatalysts were grown on the surface of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) using a sol-gel method with titanium isopropoxide (TIP) monomer, acetic acid (HAc) as the polycondensation agent and iron chloride in the green solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The morphology of the synthesized materials was studied by SEM and TEM, which showed uniform formation of Fe doped TiO2 nanofibers on the surface of graphene sheets, which acted as a template for nanowire growth through surface -COOH functionalities. Increasing Fe content in the nanowires did not change the morphology significantly. Optical properties of the synthesized composites were examined by UV spectroscopy which showed a significant reduction in band gap with increasing Fe content, i.e. 2.25 eV at 0.6% Fe. The enhancement of the optical properties of synthesized materials was confirmed by photocurrent measurement. The optimum sample containing 0.6% Fe doped TiO2 on the graphene sheets increased the power conversation efficiency by 6-fold in comparison to TiO2 alone.

  14. Role of ice-ocean interaction on glacier instability: Results from numerical modeling applied to Petermann Glacier (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nick, F.; Hubbard, A.; Vieli, A.; van der Veen, C. J.; Box, J. E.; Bates, R.; Luckman, A. J.

    2009-12-01

    Calving of icebergs and bottom melting from ice shelves accounts for roughly half the ice transferred from the Greenland Ice Sheet into the surrounding ocean, and virtually all of the ice loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Petermann Glacier (north Greenland) with its 16 km wide and 80 km long floating tongue, experiences massive bottom melting. We apply a numerical ice flow model using a physically-based calving criterion based on crevasse depth to investigate the contribution of processes such as bottom melting, sea ice or sikkusak disintegration, surface run off and iceberg calving to the mass balance and instability of Petermann Glacier and its ice shelf. Our modeling study provides insights into the role of ice-ocean interaction, and on how to incorporate calving in ice sheet models, improving our ability to predict future ice sheet change.

  15. Role of ice-ocean interaction on glacier instability: Results from numerical modelling applied to Petermann Glacier

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nick, Faezeh M.; Hubbard, Alun; van der Veen, Kees; Vieli, Andreas

    2010-05-01

    Calving of icebergs and bottom melting from ice shelves accounts for roughly half the ice transferred from the Greenland Ice Sheet into the surrounding ocean, and virtually all of the ice loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Petermann Glacier (north Greenland) with its 16 km wide and 80 km long floating tongue, experiences massive bottom melting. We apply a numerical ice flow model using a physically-based calving criterion based on crevasse depth to investigate the contribution of processes such as bottom melting, sea ice or sikkusak disintegration, surface run off and iceberg calving to the mass balance and instability of Petermann Glacier and its ice shelf. Our modelling study provides insights into the role of ice-ocean interaction, and on how to incorporate calving in ice sheet models, improving our ability to predict future ice sheet change.

  16. SEA-LEVEL RISE. Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods.

    PubMed

    Dutton, A; Carlson, A E; Long, A J; Milne, G A; Clark, P U; DeConto, R; Horton, B P; Rahmstorf, S; Raymo, M E

    2015-07-10

    Interdisciplinary studies of geologic archives have ushered in a new era of deciphering magnitudes, rates, and sources of sea-level rise from polar ice-sheet loss during past warm periods. Accounting for glacial isostatic processes helps to reconcile spatial variability in peak sea level during marine isotope stages 5e and 11, when the global mean reached 6 to 9 meters and 6 to 13 meters higher than present, respectively. Dynamic topography introduces large uncertainties on longer time scales, precluding robust sea-level estimates for intervals such as the Pliocene. Present climate is warming to a level associated with significant polar ice-sheet loss in the past. Here, we outline advances and challenges involved in constraining ice-sheet sensitivity to climate change with use of paleo-sea level records. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

  17. Towards a complete conceptual model of substorm onsets and expansions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Erickson, Gary M.; Burke, William J.; Heinemann, Michael; Samson, John C.; Maynard, Nelson C.

    1996-01-01

    Observational results from the CRRES satellite near times of substorm onsets support the theoretical premise that substorms initiate near the inner edge of the plasma sheet. The region is connected latitudinally to the equatorward-most pre-breakup arc. During the growth phase, the inner edge of the plasma sheet moves towards the earth. This motion is modulated by various cavity oscillations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupled magnetosphere. This modulation can locally reverse the background convection electric field. The reversed convection taps energy stored in the inner-edge region of the plasma sheet. The near earth plasma sheet moves out of equilibrium with the lobes, and a rarefaction is launched tailward. This allows current driven dissipation to grow and a near-earth X-line to form. A model is presented which explains the observations of the CRRES satellite, and can account for the behavior associated with auroral intensification and substorm onset.

  18. A Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings formulation for hydroacoustic analysis of propeller sheet cavitation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Testa, C.; Ianniello, S.; Salvatore, F.

    2018-01-01

    A novel hydroacoustic formulation for the prediction of tonal noise emitted by marine propellers in presence of unsteady sheet cavitation, is presented. The approach is based on the standard Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation and the use of transpiration (velocity and acceleration) terms, accounting for the time evolution of the vapour cavity attached on the blade surface. Drawbacks and potentialities of the method are tested on a marine propeller operating in a nonhomogeneous onset flow, by exploiting the hydrodynamic data from a potential-based panel method equipped with a sheet cavitation model and comparing the noise predictions with those carried out by an alternative numerical approach, documented in literature. It is shown that the proposed formulation yields a one-to-one correlation between emitted noise and sheet cavitation dynamics, carrying out accurate predictions in terms of noise magnitude and directivity.

  19. High export of dissolved silica from the Greenland Ice Sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meire, L.; Meire, P.; Struyf, E.; Krawczyk, D. W.; Arendt, K. E.; Yde, J. C.; Juul Pedersen, T.; Hopwood, M. J.; Rysgaard, S.; Meysman, F. J. R.

    2016-09-01

    Silica is an essential element for marine life and plays a key role in the biogeochemistry of the ocean. Glacial activity stimulates rock weathering, generating dissolved silica that is exported to coastal areas along with meltwater. The magnitude of the dissolved silica export from large glacial areas such as the Greenland Ice Sheet is presently poorly quantified and not accounted for in global budgets. Here we present data from two fjord systems adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet which reveal a large export of dissolved silica by glacial meltwater relative to other macronutrients. Upscaled to the entire Greenland Ice Sheet, the export of dissolved silica equals 22 ± 10 Gmol Si yr-1. When the silicate-rich meltwater mixes with upwelled deep water, either inside or outside Greenland's fjords, primary production takes place at increased silicate to nitrate ratios. This likely stimulates the growth of diatoms relative to other phytoplankton groups.

  20. Simulating a Dynamic Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Early to Middle Miocene

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gasson, E.; DeConto, R.; Pollard, D.; Levy, R. H.

    2015-12-01

    There are a variety of sources of geological data that suggest major variations in the volume and extent of the Antarctic ice sheet during the early to middle Miocene. Simulating such variability using coupled climate-ice sheet models is problematic due to a strong hysteresis effect caused by height-mass balance feedback and albedo feedback. This results in limited retreat of the ice sheet once it has reached the continental size, as likely occurred prior to the Miocene. Proxy records suggest a relatively narrow range of atmospheric CO2 during the early to middle Miocene, which exacerbates this problem. We use a new climate forcing which accounts for ice sheet-climate feedbacks through an asynchronous GCM-RCM coupling, which is able to better resolve the narrow Antarctic ablation zone in warm climate simulations. When combined with recently suggested mechanisms for retreat into subglacial basins due to ice shelf hydrofracture and ice cliff failure, we are able to simulate large-scale variability of the Antarctic ice sheet in the Miocene. This variability is equivalent to a seawater oxygen isotope signal of ~0.5 ‰, or a sea level equivalent change of ~35 m, for a range of atmospheric CO2 between 280 - 500 ppm.

  1. Collective behavior in two-dimensional biological systems: Receptor clustering and beta-sheet aggregation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Chinlin

    We studied two particular biomedical systems which exhibit collective molecular behavior. One is clustering of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR1), and another is β-sheet folding and aggregation. Receptor clustering has been shown to be a crucial step in many signaling events but its biological meaning has not been adequately addressed. Here, via a simple lattice model, we show how cells use this clustering machinery to enhance sensitivity as well as robustness. On the other hand, intracellular deposition of aggregated protein rich in β-sheet is a prominent cytopathological feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. How this aggregation occurs and how it responds to therapy is not completely understood. Here, we started from a reconstruction of the H-bond potential and carry out a full investigation of β-sheet thermodynamics as well as kinetics. We show that β-sheet aggregation is most likely due to molecular stacking and found that the minimal length of an aggregate mutant polymer corresponds well with the number observed in adult Huntington's disease. We have also shown that molecular agents such as dendrimers might fail at high-dose therapy; instead, a potential therapy strategy is to block β-turn formation. Our predictions can be used for future experimental tests and clinical trials.

  2. Exact solution of a modified El Farol's bar problem: Efficiency and the role of market impact

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marsili, Matteo; Challet, Damien; Zecchina, Riccardo

    2000-06-01

    We discuss a model of heterogeneous, inductive rational agents inspired by the El Farol Bar problem and the Minority Game. As in markets, agents interact through a collective aggregate variable - which plays a role similar to price - whose value is fixed by all of them. Agents follow a simple reinforcement-learning dynamics where the reinforcement, for each of their available strategies, is related to the payoff delivered by that strategy. We derive the exact solution of the model in the “thermodynamic” limit of infinitely many agents using tools of statistical physics of disordered systems. Our results show that the impact of agents on the market price plays a key role: even though price has a weak dependence on the behavior of each individual agent, the collective behavior crucially depends on whether agents account for such dependence or not. Remarkably, if the adaptive behavior of agents accounts even “infinitesimally” for this dependence they can, in a whole range of parameters, reduce global fluctuations by a finite amount. Both global efficiency and individual utility improve with respect to a “price taker” behavior if agents account for their market impact.

  3. Effect of reductant and PVP on morphology and magnetic property of ultrafine Ni powders prepared via hydrothermal route

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, Jun, E-mail: j-zhang@126.com; Wang, Xiucai; Li, Lili

    2013-10-15

    Graphical abstract: The ultrafine Ni powders with the shapes including sphere, pearl-string, leaf, fish-bone, hexagonal sheet and silknet were prepared through one-step hydrothermal reduction using different reductants. Their saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercivity sequentially increase, and the coercivity of hexagonal sheet-like Ni powders increases by 25% compared with the Ni bulk counterpart. - Highlights: • The ultrafine Ni powders with various shapes of sphere, fish-bone, hexagonal sheet, etc. • Facile and one-step hydrothermal reduction using three reductants and PVP additive was developed. • Magnetic properties of the ultrafine Ni powders with different shapes were measured. • Compared with bulkmore » Ni material, coercivity of hexagonal sheet Ni increases by 25%. • The formation mechanism of the shapes was suggested. - Abstract: The ultrafine nickel particles with different shapes including sphere, pearl-string, leaf, fish-bone, hexagonal sheet and silknet were prepared through one-step hydrothermal reduction using hydrazine hydrate, sodium hypophosphite and ethylene glycol as reductants, polyvinylpyrrolidone as structure-directing agent. It has been verified with the characterization of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission/scanning electronic microscopy that as-prepared products belong to face-centered cubic structure of nickel microcrystals with high purity and fine dispersity. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured at room temperature reveal that the values of saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercivity rise sequentially from silknet, sphere to hexagonal sheet. In comparison with nickel bulk counterpart, the coercivity of the hexagonal sheet nickel powders increases by 25%.« less

  4. High surface area graphene-supported metal chalcogenide assembly

    DOEpatents

    Worsley, Marcus A.; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Orme, Christine A.

    2017-04-25

    Disclosed here is a method for hydrocarbon conversion, comprising contacting at least one graphene-supported assembly with at least one hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the graphene-supported assembly comprises (i) a three-dimensional network of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds and (ii) at least one metal chalcogenide compound disposed on the graphene sheets, wherein the chalcogen of the metal chalcogenide compound is selected from S, Se and Te, and wherein the metal chalcogenide compound accounts for at least 20 wt. % of the graphene-supported assembly.

  5. 39 CFR 3.6 - Information furnished to Board-financial and operating reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the most recent accounting periods for which data are available, postal management shall furnish the...) Balance sheet information; (4) service quality measurements; (5) productivity measurements (reflecting...

  6. Abrupt Bølling warming and ice saddle collapse contributions to the Meltwater Pulse 1a rapid sea level rise: North American MWP1a Contribution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gregoire, Lauren J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Valdes, Paul J.

    Elucidating the source(s) of Meltwater Pulse 1a, the largest rapid sea level rise caused by ice melt (14-18 m in less than 340 years, 14,600 years ago), is important for understanding mechanisms of rapid ice melt and the links with abrupt climate change. Here we quantify how much and by what mechanisms the North American ice sheet could have contributed to Meltwater Pulse 1a, by driving an ice sheet model with two transient climate simulations of the last 21,000 years. Ice sheet perturbed physics ensembles were run to account for model uncertainties, constraining ice extent and volume with reconstructions ofmore » 21,000 years ago to present. We determine that the North American ice sheet produced 3-4 m global mean sea level rise in 340 years due to the abrupt Bølling warming, but this response is amplified to 5-6 m when it triggers the ice sheet saddle collapse.« less

  7. H+ and O+ dynamics during ultra-low frequency waves in the Earth's magnetotail plasma sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De Spiegeleer, Alexandre; Hamrin, Maria; Pitkänen, Timo; Volwerk, Martin; Mouikis, Christopher; Kistler, Lynn; Nilsson, Hans; Norqvist, Patrik; Andersson, Laila

    2017-04-01

    The concentration of ionospheric oxygen (O^+) in the magnetotail plasma sheet can be relatively elevated depending on, for instance, the geomagnetic activity as well as the solar cycle. The dynamics of the tail plasma sheet can be affected by the presence of O+ via for example the generation of instabilities such as the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. However, the O+ is not always taken into account when studying the dynamics of the tail plasma sheet. We investigate proton (H^+) and O+ during ultra-low frequency waves (period > 5 min) in the mid-tail plasma sheet (beyond 10R_E) using Cluster data. We observe that the velocity of O+ can be significantly different from that of H^+. When occuring, this velocity difference always seems to be in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. The parallel velocity of the two species can be observed to be somewhat out of phase, meaning that while one species flows in the parallel direction, the other flows in the anti-parallel direction. Possible causes for such large discrepancies between the dynamics of O+ and H+ are discussed.

  8. Abrupt Bølling warming and ice saddle collapse contributions to the Meltwater Pulse 1a rapid sea level rise: North American MWP1a Contribution

    DOE PAGES

    Gregoire, Lauren J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Valdes, Paul J.; ...

    2016-08-23

    Elucidating the source(s) of Meltwater Pulse 1a, the largest rapid sea level rise caused by ice melt (14-18 m in less than 340 years, 14,600 years ago), is important for understanding mechanisms of rapid ice melt and the links with abrupt climate change. Here we quantify how much and by what mechanisms the North American ice sheet could have contributed to Meltwater Pulse 1a, by driving an ice sheet model with two transient climate simulations of the last 21,000 years. Ice sheet perturbed physics ensembles were run to account for model uncertainties, constraining ice extent and volume with reconstructions ofmore » 21,000 years ago to present. We determine that the North American ice sheet produced 3-4 m global mean sea level rise in 340 years due to the abrupt Bølling warming, but this response is amplified to 5-6 m when it triggers the ice sheet saddle collapse.« less

  9. Nonlinear breakup of liquid sheets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jazayeri, S.A.; Li, X.

    1997-07-01

    Sprays formed from the disintegration of liquid sheets have extensive practical applications, ranging from chemical and pharmaceutical processes to power generation and propulsion systems. A knowledge of the liquid sheet breakup process is essential to the understanding of fundamental mechanism of liquid atomization and spray formation processes. The breakup of liquid sheets has been investigated in terms of hydrodynamic stability via linear analysis by Squire, Hagerty and Shea, Li, etc. nonlinear effect has been studied by Clark and Dombrowski up to the second order, and by Rangel and Sirignano through numerical simulation employing vortex discretization method. As shown by Taubmore » for the breakup of circular liquid jets, the closer to the breakup region, the higher the order of nonlinear analysis has to be for adequate description of the breakup behavior. As pointed out by Bogy, a nonlinear analysis up to the third order is generally sufficient to account for the inherent nonlinear nature of the breakup process. Therefore, a third-order nonlinear analysis has been carried out in this study to investigate the process of liquid sheet disruption preceding the spray formation.« less

  10. 77 FR 56913 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-14

    ... relating to attorneys, certified public accountants, enrolled agents, enrolled actuaries, enrolled..., mailing address, professional designation (attorney, certified public accountant, enrolled agent, enrolled... read as follows: ``(8) Make available for public inspection or otherwise disclose to the general public...

  11. 49 CFR 1245.5 - Classification of job titles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., Computer Programmer, Computer Analyst, Market Analyst, Pricing Analyst, Employment Supervisor, Research..., Traveling Auditors or Accountants Title is descriptive Traveling Auditor, Accounting Specialist Auditors... 21; adds new titles. 207 Supervising and Chief Claim Agents Title is descriptive Chief Claim Agent...

  12. 49 CFR 1245.5 - Classification of job titles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., Computer Programmer, Computer Analyst, Market Analyst, Pricing Analyst, Employment Supervisor, Research..., Traveling Auditors or Accountants Title is descriptive Traveling Auditor, Accounting Specialist Auditors... 21; adds new titles. 207 Supervising and Chief Claim Agents Title is descriptive Chief Claim Agent...

  13. 49 CFR 1245.5 - Classification of job titles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., Computer Programmer, Computer Analyst, Market Analyst, Pricing Analyst, Employment Supervisor, Research..., Traveling Auditors or Accountants Title is descriptive Traveling Auditor, Accounting Specialist Auditors... 21; adds new titles. 207 Supervising and Chief Claim Agents Title is descriptive Chief Claim Agent...

  14. 49 CFR 1245.5 - Classification of job titles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., Computer Programmer, Computer Analyst, Market Analyst, Pricing Analyst, Employment Supervisor, Research..., Traveling Auditors or Accountants Title is descriptive Traveling Auditor, Accounting Specialist Auditors... 21; adds new titles. 207 Supervising and Chief Claim Agents Title is descriptive Chief Claim Agent...

  15. 49 CFR 1245.5 - Classification of job titles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., Computer Programmer, Computer Analyst, Market Analyst, Pricing Analyst, Employment Supervisor, Research..., Traveling Auditors or Accountants Title is descriptive Traveling Auditor, Accounting Specialist Auditors... 21; adds new titles. 207 Supervising and Chief Claim Agents Title is descriptive Chief Claim Agent...

  16. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Lifeng, E-mail: walfe@nuaa.edu.cn; Hu, Haiyan

    The thermal vibration of a rectangular single-layered graphene sheet is investigated by using a rectangular nonlocal elastic plate model with quantum effects taken into account when the law of energy equipartition is unreliable. The relation between the temperature and the Root of Mean Squared (RMS) amplitude of vibration at any point of the rectangular single-layered graphene sheet in simply supported case is derived first from the rectangular nonlocal elastic plate model with the strain gradient of the second order taken into consideration so as to characterize the effect of microstructure of the graphene sheet. Then, the RMS amplitude of thermalmore » vibration of a rectangular single-layered graphene sheet simply supported on an elastic foundation is derived. The study shows that the RMS amplitude of the rectangular single-layered graphene sheet predicted from the quantum theory is lower than that predicted from the law of energy equipartition. The maximal relative difference of RMS amplitude of thermal vibration appears at the sheet corners. The microstructure of the graphene sheet has a little effect on the thermal vibrations of lower modes, but exhibits an obvious effect on the thermal vibrations of higher modes. The quantum effect is more important for the thermal vibration of higher modes in the case of smaller sides and lower temperature. The relative difference of maximal RMS amplitude of thermal vibration of a rectangular single-layered graphene sheet decreases monotonically with an increase of temperature. The absolute difference of maximal RMS amplitude of thermal vibration of a rectangular single-layered graphene sheet increases slowly with the rising of Winkler foundation modulus.« less

  17. Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Stock, Greg M.; Martel, Stephen J.; Collins, Brian D.; Harp, Edwin L.

    2012-01-01

    Progressive rock-fall failures in natural rock slopes are common in many environments, but often elude detailed quantitative documentation and analysis. Here we present high-resolution photography, video, and laser scanning data that document spatial and temporal patterns of a 15-month-long sequence of at least 14 rock falls from the Rhombus Wall, a sheeted granitic cliff in Yosemite Valley, California. The rock-fall sequence began on 26 August 2009 with a small failure at the tip of an overhanging rock slab. Several hours later, a series of five rock falls totaling 736 m3progressed upward along a sheeting joint behind the overhanging slab. Over the next 3 weeks, audible cracking occurred on the Rhombus Wall, suggesting crack propagation, while visual monitoring revealed opening of a sheeting joint adjacent to the previous failure surface. On 14 September 2009 a 110 m3 slab detached along this sheeting joint. Additional rock falls between 30 August and 20 November 2010, totaling 187 m3, radiated outward from the initial failure area along cliff (sub)parallel sheeting joints. We suggest that these progressive failures might have been related to stress redistributions accompanying propagation of sheeting joints behind the cliff face. Mechanical analyses indicate that tensile stresses should occur perpendicular to the cliff face and open sheeting joints, and that sheeting joints should propagate parallel to a cliff face from areas of stress concentrations. The analyses also account for how sheeting joints can propagate to lengths many times greater than their depths behind cliff faces. We posit that as a region of failure spreads across a cliff face, stress concentrations along its margin will spread with it, promoting further crack propagation and rock falls.

  18. Huge, CO2-charged debris-flow deposits and tectonic sagging in the northern plains of Mars

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Tanaka, K.L.; Banerdt, W.B.; Kargel, J.S.; Hoffman, N.

    2001-01-01

    The northern plains of Mars contain a vast deposit, covering one-sixth of the planet, that apparently resulted in extensive lithospheric deformation. The center of the deposit may be as much as 2-3 km thick. The deposit has lobate margins consistent with the flow of fluidized debris for hundreds to thousands of kilometers derived from highland and high-plains sources. The deposit surface lowers inward by ???900 m in places and is locally bordered by a bulge ???300 m high. Similar deformation accompanied development of Pleistocene ice sheets on Earth. The lack of burial of a large inlier of older terrain and the response time of the mantle to the loading require that the deposit was emplaced in <1000 yr, assuming that the deposit was originally flat. We account for what may have been the largest catastrophic erosional and/or depositional event in solar system history by invoking pore-filling subsurface CO2 as an active agent in the processes of source-rock collapse and debris flow.

  19. Poisoning Safety Fact Sheet (2015)

    MedlinePlus

    ... in emergency departments after getting into a medication, accounting for 68% of medication-related visits for young ... and under (31% of dosing errors), followed by measurement errors (30%). 2 • For every 10 poison exposures ...

  20. Soil Erosion. LC Science Tracer Bullet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buydos, John F., Comp.

    Soil erosion is the detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the soil profile. It may occur in the form of rill, gully, sheet, or wind erosion. Agents of erosion may be water, wind, glacial ice, agricultural implements, machinery, and animals. Soil conservation measures require a thorough understanding of the…

  1. A calving law for ice sheet models; Investigating the role of surface melt on dynamics of Greenland outlet glaciers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nick, F. M.; van der Veen, C. J.; Vieli, A.

    2008-12-01

    alving of icebergs accounts for perhaps as much as half the ice transferred from the Greenland Ice Sheet into the surrounding ocean, and virtually all of the ice loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We have formulated a calving model that can be readily incorporated into time-evolving numerical ice-flow models. Our model is based on downward penetration of water-filled surface crevasses and upward propagation of basal crevasses. A calving event occurs when the depth of the surface crevasse (which increases as melting progresses through the summer) reaches the height of the basal crevasse. Our numerical ice sheet model is able to reproduce observed seasonal changes of Greenland outlet glaciers, such as fluctuations in flow speed and terminus positions. We have applied the model to Helheim Glacier on the east coast, and Petermann Glacier in the northwest. Our model suggests that rapid retreat of the claving front is highly affected by the amplified calving rate due to increasing water level in surface crevasses during warmer summers. Our results show little response to seasonally enhanced basal lubrication from surface melt. This modeling study provides insights into the role of surface and basal hydrology to ice sheet dynamics and on how to incorporate calving in ice sheet models and therefore advances our ability to predict future ice sheet change.

  2. Molecular structures of amyloid and prion fibrils: consensus versus controversy.

    PubMed

    Tycko, Robert; Wickner, Reed B

    2013-07-16

    Many peptides and proteins self-assemble into amyloid fibrils. Examples include mammalian and fungal prion proteins, polypeptides associated with human amyloid diseases, and proteins that may have biologically functional amyloid states. To understand the propensity for polypeptides to form amyloid fibrils and to facilitate rational design of amyloid inhibitors and imaging agents, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular structures of these fibrils. Although fibril structures were largely mysterious 15 years ago, a considerable body of reliable structural information about amyloid fibril structures now exists, with essential contributions from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. This Account reviews results from our laboratories and discusses several structural issues that have been controversial. In many cases, the amino acid sequences of amyloid fibrils do not uniquely determine their molecular structures. Self-propagating, molecular-level polymorphism complicates the structure determination problem and can lead to apparent disagreements between results from different laboratories, particularly when different laboratories study different polymorphs. For 40-residue β-amyloid (Aβ₁₋₄₀) fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease, we have developed detailed structural models from solid state NMR and electron microscopy data for two polymorphs. These polymorphs have similar peptide conformations, identical in-register parallel β-sheet organizations, but different overall symmetry. Other polymorphs have also been partially characterized by solid state NMR and appear to have similar structures. In contrast, cryo-electron microscopy studies that use significantly different fibril growth conditions have identified structures that appear (at low resolution) to be different from those examined by solid state NMR. Based on solid state NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, the in-register parallel β-sheet organization found in β-amyloid fibrils also occurs in many other fibril-forming systems. We attribute this common structural motif to the stabilization of amyloid structures by intermolecular interactions among like amino acids, including hydrophobic interactions and polar zippers. Surprisingly, we have recently identified and characterized antiparallel β-sheets in certain fibrils that are formed by the D23N mutant of Aβ₁₋₄₀, a mutant that is associated with early-onset, familial neurodegenerative disease. Antiparallel D23N-Aβ₁₋₄₀ fibrils are metastable with respect to parallel structures and, therefore, represent an off-pathway intermediate in the amyloid fibril formation process. Other methods have recently produced additional evidence for antiparallel β-sheets in other amyloid-formation intermediates. As an alternative to simple parallel and antiparallel β-sheet structures, researchers have proposed β-helical structural models for some fibrils, especially those formed by mammalian and fungal prion proteins. Solid state NMR and EPR data show that fibrils formed in vitro by recombinant PrP have in-register parallel β-sheet structures. However, the structure of infectious PrP aggregates is not yet known. The fungal HET-s prion protein has been shown to contain a β-helical structure. However, all yeast prions studied by solid state NMR (Sup35p, Ure2p, and Rnq1p) have in-register parallel β-sheet structures, with their Gln- and Asn-rich N-terminal segments forming the fibril core.

  3. Dissolving the Puzzle of Resultant Moral Luck.

    PubMed

    Levy, Neil

    The puzzle of resultant moral luck arises when we are disposed to think that an agent who caused a harm deserves to be blamed more than an otherwise identical agent who did not. One popular (but controversial) perspective on resultant moral luck explains our dispositions to produce different judgments with regard to the agents who feature in these cases as a product not of what they genuinely deserve but of our epistemic situation. On this account, there is no genuine resultant moral luck; there is only luck in what evidence becomes available to observers. In this paper, I develop an evolutionary account of our inclination to take the results of actions as evidence for the mental states of agents, thereby explaining why the resulting intuitions are recalcitrant to correction. The account explains why the puzzle of resultant moral luck arises: because our disposition to take the harms agents cause as evidence of their mental states can produce intuitions which conflict with those that arise when we examine agents' mental states without reference to the results of their actions. The account also helps to solve the puzzle of resultant moral luck, by providing a strong reason to ignore the intuitions caused by our disposition to regard actual harms as evidence of mental states. Since these intuitions arise using an unreliable proxy for agents' mental states, they ought to be trumped by more reliable evidence.

  4. A general approach for fabrication of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets and its application in supercapacitors.

    PubMed

    Wang, Dewei; Min, Yonggang; Yu, Youhai; Peng, Bo

    2014-03-01

    In this paper, a general and efficient strategy has been developed to produce nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (NGs) based on hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) theory. Under hydrothermal conditions, any salt with amphiprotic character have a strong tendency to hydrolysis, it is possible to provide reducing agent and nitrogen source simultaneously. It is worth noting that, NGs can be prepared under hydrothermal conditions by using some common ammonium salts with hard acid-soft base pairs as nitrogen-doping agents. The morphology, structure and composition of the as-prepared NGs were studied in detail. The results demonstrated that large amount of nitrogen was incorporated into the nanocarbon frameworks at the same time as the graphene oxide (GO) sheets were reduced. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized NGs as supercapacitor electrodes was evaluated in a symmetric two-electrode cell configuration with 1M H2SO4 as the electrolytes. It was found that the nitrogen groups making the as-prepared NGs exhibited remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance when used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The supercapacitor based on the NGs exhibited a high specific capacitance of 242 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1), and remains a relatively high capacitance even at a high current density. This work will put forward to understand and optimize heteroatom-doped graphene in energy storage systems. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Implications of new accounting rules for income taxes.

    PubMed

    Reinstein, A; Carmichael, B J; Spaulding, A D

    1994-02-01

    The provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, require all organizations that issue financial statements to shift the focus of their accounting for income taxes from the income statement to the balance sheet. This change can alter significantly a healthcare organization's financial position. The change also may affect the way in which investors, lenders, regulators, and other users of financial statements evaluate corporations in the healthcare industry. Hospitals and other healthcare organizations, particularly for-profit organizations, therefore, should review carefully their methods of accounting for such items as deferred tax assets and loss and expense reserves.

  6. Carboxymethyl chitosan/conducting polymer as water-soluble composite binder for LiFePO4 cathode in lithium ion batteries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhong, Haoxiang; He, Aiqin; Lu, Jidian; Sun, Minghao; He, Jiarong; Zhang, Lingzhi

    2016-12-01

    A water-soluble conductive composite binder consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan (CCTS) as a binder and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a conduction-promoting agent is reported for the LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode in Li-ion batteries. The introduction of conductive PEDOT:PSS as a conductive composite binder facilitates the formation of homogeneous and continuous conducting bridges throughout the electrode and raises the compaction density of the electrode sheet by decreasing the amounts of the commonly used conducting agent of acetylene black. The optimized replacement ratios of acetylene black with PEDOT:PSS (acetylene black/PEDOT:PSS = 1:1, by weight) are obtained by measuring electrical conductivity, peel strength and compaction density of the electrode sheets. The LFP half-cell with the optimized conductive binder exhibits better cycling and rate performance and more favorable electrochemical kinetics than that using only acetylene black conducting agent. The pilot application of PEDOT:PSS/CCTS binder in 10 Ah CCTS-LFP prismatic cell exhibits a comparable cycling performance, retaining 89.7% of capacity at 1 C/2 C (charge/discharge) rate as compared with 90% for commercial PVDF-LFP over 1000 cycles, and better rate capability than that of commercial PVDF-LFP, retaining 98% capacity of 1 C at 7 C rate as compared with 95.4% for PVDF-LFP.

  7. Units of Instruction for Vocational Office Education. Volume 2. Office Occupations--Related Information, Accounting and Computing Occupations, Information Communications Occupations, Stenographic, Secretarial, and Related Occupations. Teacher's Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    East Texas State Univ., Commerce. Occupational Curriculum Lab.

    Sixteen units on office occupations are presented in this teacher's guide. The unit topics include the following: related information (e.g., preparing for job interview); accounting and computing (e.g., preparing a payroll and a balance sheet); information communications (e.g., handling appointments, composing correspondence); and stenographic,…

  8. The Utility of Corporate-Style Balance Sheets for DoD Managers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-06-01

    operations of the executive branch ( United States Department of Commerce, 2014, p. 3- 2). 19 5. The Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of...federal financial management systems requirements, applicable federal accounting standards, and the United States Government Standard General Ledger at...General Accountability Office (1991). The Chief Financial Officers Act: A mandate for federal financial management reform. Washington, DC: Author. United

  9. Boosting protein stability with the computational design of β-sheet surfaces.

    PubMed

    Kim, Doo Nam; Jacobs, Timothy M; Kuhlman, Brian

    2016-03-01

    β-sheets often have one face packed against the core of the protein and the other facing solvent. Mutational studies have indicated that the solvent-facing residues can contribute significantly to protein stability, and that the preferred amino acid at each sequence position is dependent on the precise structure of the protein backbone and the identity of the neighboring amino acids. This suggests that the most advantageous methods for designing β-sheet surfaces will be approaches that take into account the multiple energetic factors at play including side chain rotamer preferences, van der Waals forces, electrostatics, and desolvation effects. Here, we show that the protein design software Rosetta, which models these energetic factors, can be used to dramatically increase protein stability by optimizing interactions on the surfaces of small β-sheet proteins. Two design variants of the β-sandwich protein from tenascin were made with 7 and 14 mutations respectively on its β-sheet surfaces. These changes raised the thermal midpoint for unfolding from 45°C to 64°C and 74°C. Additionally, we tested an empirical approach based on increasing the number of potential salt bridges on the surfaces of the β-sheets. This was not a robust strategy for increasing stability, as three of the four variants tested were unfolded. © 2016 The Protein Society.

  10. Triple Value Simulation Model Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Triple Value Simulation (3VS) is a high-level model that accounts for the complex relationships among economic, social and environmental systems in order to explore scenarios and solutions to improve the health of the Bay.

  11. [Surgical Regeneration Therapy Using Myoblast Sheets for Severe Heart Failure].

    PubMed

    Sawa, Yoshiki

    2017-01-01

    Heart failure is a life-threatening disorder worldwide, and the current end-stage therapies for severe heart failure are replacement therapies such as ventricular-assist devices and heart transplantation. Although these therapies have been reported to be useful, there are many issues in terms of the durability, complications, limited donors, adverse effect of continuous administration of immunosuppressive agents, and high costs involved. Recently, regenerative therapy based on genetic, cellular, or tissue engineering techniques has gained attention as a new therapy to overcome the challenges encountered in transplantation medicine. We focused on skeletal myoblasts as the source of progenitor cells for autologous cell transplantation and the cell-sheet technique for site-specific implantation. In vitro studies have reported that myoblast sheets secrete cytoprotective and angiogenic cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Additionally, in vivo studies using large and small animal models of heart failure, we have shown that myoblast sheets could improve diastolic and systolic performance and enhance angiogenesis and antifibrosis as well as the expression of several cytokines including HGF and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the tissues at the transplanted site. Based on the results of these studies, we performed clinical trials using autologous myoblast sheets in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Some patients showed left ventricular reverse remodeling and improved symptoms and exercise tolerance. Recently, multiple medical institutions including our institution successfully conducted an exploratory, uncontrolled, open-label phase II study in subjects with ICM to validate the efficacy and safety of autologous myoblast sheets. Moreover, as a novel cell source for regenerative medicine, our recent studies demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets showed electrical and microstructural homogeneity with heart tissue in vitro and in vivo, thus establishing proof of concept in small and large animal models of heart failure.

  12. A Hybrid Kinetic Model of Asymmetric Thin Current Sheets with Sheared Flows in a Collisionless Plasma

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-12-27

    z are aligned with those of the usual Geocentric Sun - Earth (aSE) coordinates. In this frame, +x points from the Earth to the Sun , +y points out of...current sheet (box) in the solar wind. x, y, and z are aligned with the aSE coordinates, with +X pointing from the Earth toward the Sun , +y out of the...account the exact ion orbits and such properties as the anisotropic and nondiagonal pressure tensor and sheared ion flows. Figure 1a shows a schematic

  13. Nonadiabatic heating of the central plasma sheet at substorm onset

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huang, C. Y.; Frank, L. A.; Rostoker, G.; Fennell, J.; Mitchell, D. G.

    1992-01-01

    Heating events in the plasma sheet boundary layer and central plasma sheet are found to occur at the onset of expansive phase activity. The main effect is a dramatic increase in plasma temperature, coincident with a partial dipolarization of the magnetic field. Fluxes of energetic particles increase without dispersion during these events which occur at all radial distances up to 23 RE, the apogee of the ISEE spacecraft. A major difference between these heating events and those observed at geosynchronous distances lies in the heating mechanism which is nonadiabatic beyond 10 RE but may be adiabatic closer to earth. The energy required to account for the increase in plasma thermal energy is comparable with that required for Joule heating of the ionosphere. The plasma sheet must be considered as a major sink in the energy balance of a substorm. Lobe magnetic pressures during these events are estimated. Change in lobe pressure are generally not correlated with onsets or intensifications of expansive phase activity.

  14. Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sawai, Yuki; Namegaya, Yuichi; Tamura, Toru; Nakashima, Rei; Tanigawa, Koichiro

    2015-06-01

    A sparsely documented tsunami in 1454 may subdivide the recurrence interval between the 869 and 2011 tsunamis near Sendai, as judged from geomorphic, stratigraphic, and archival evidence. Pond-filled breaches cut across beach ridges on century-old topographic maps. The basal pond deposit in one of these breaches postdates 1454. Stratigraphy on Sendai Plain includes a sand sheet that contains marine and brackish diatoms. Radiocarbon ages suggest that the sheet dates to 1406-1615 (2σ), and written records for this interval in Tohoku mention a tsunami in 1454. The inferred inundation extended 1.0-2.5 km inland from an approximate medieval shoreline. Simulated tsunamis that best account for the sand sheet require a thrust earthquake of moment magnitude 8.4 or larger. If the sand sheet represents the 1454 tsunami, the two most recent intervals between great thrust earthquakes in Sendai region spanned 585 and 557 years.

  15. Ice sheet-ocean interactions and sea level change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heimbach, Patrick

    2014-03-01

    Mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has increased rapidly since the mid-1990s. Their combined loss now accounts for about one-third of global sea level rise. In Greenland, a growing body of evidence points to the marine margins of these glaciers as the region from which this dynamic response originated. Similarly, ice streams in West Antarctica that feed vast floating ice shelves have exhibited large decadal changes. We review observational evidence and present physical mechanisms that might explain the observed changes, in particular in the context of ice sheet-ocean interactions. Processes involve cover 7 orders of magnitudes of scales, ranging from mm boundary-layer processes to basin-scale coupled atmosphere-ocean variability. We discuss observational needs to fill the gap in our mechanistic understanding.

  16. 3D MHD SIMULATION OF FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS IN A TURBULENT CURRENT SHEET MEDIUM

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cécere, M.; Zurbriggen, E.; Costa, A.

    2015-07-01

    Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are sunward, generally dark, plasma density depletions originated above posteruption flare arcades. In this paper, using 3D MHD simulations we investigate whether the SAD cavities can be produced by a direct combination of the tearing mode and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities leading to a turbulent current sheet (CS) medium or if the current sheet is merely the background where SADs are produced, triggered by an impulsive deposition of energy. We find that to give an account of the observational dark lane structures an addition of local energy, provided by a reconnection event, is required. We suggest that there maymore » be a closed relation between characteristic SAD sizes and CS widths that must be satisfied to obtain an observable SAD.« less

  17. 3D MHD Simulation of Flare Supra-Arcade Downflows in a Turbulent Current Sheet Medium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cécere, M.; Zurbriggen, E.; Costa, A.; Schneiter, M.

    2015-07-01

    Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are sunward, generally dark, plasma density depletions originated above posteruption flare arcades. In this paper, using 3D MHD simulations we investigate whether the SAD cavities can be produced by a direct combination of the tearing mode and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities leading to a turbulent current sheet (CS) medium or if the current sheet is merely the background where SADs are produced, triggered by an impulsive deposition of energy. We find that to give an account of the observational dark lane structures an addition of local energy, provided by a reconnection event, is required. We suggest that there may be a closed relation between characteristic SAD sizes and CS widths that must be satisfied to obtain an observable SAD.

  18. The impact of dynamic topography on the bedrock elevation and volume of the Pliocene Antarctic Ice Sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Austermann, Jacqueline; Pollard, David; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Moucha, Robert; Forte, Alessandro M.; DeConto, Robert M.

    2015-04-01

    Reconstructions of the Antarctic ice sheet over long timescales (i.e. Myrs) require estimates of bedrock elevation through time. Ice sheet models have accounted, with varying levels of sophistication, for changes in the bedrock elevation due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), but they have neglected other processes that may perturb topography. One notable example is dynamic topography, the deflection of the solid surface of the Earth due to convective flow within the mantle. Numerically predicted changes in dynamic topography have been used to correct paleo shorelines for this departure from eustasy, but the effect of such changes on ice sheet stability is unknown. In this study we use numerical predictions of time-varying dynamic topography to reconstruct bedrock elevation below the Antarctic ice sheet during the mid Pliocene warm period (~3 Ma). Moreover, we couple this reconstruction to a three-dimensional ice sheet model to explore the impact of dynamic topography on the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet since the Pliocene. Our modeling indicates significant uplift in the area of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and the adjacent Wilkes basin. This predicted uplift, which is at the lower end of geological inferences of uplift of the TAM, implies a lower elevation of the basin in the Pliocene. Relative to simulations that do not include dynamic topography, the lower elevation leads to a smaller Antarctic Ice Sheet volume and a more significant retreat of the grounding line in the Wilkes basin, both of which are consistent with offshore sediment core data. We conclude that reconstructions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the mid-Pliocene warm period should be based on bedrock elevation models that include the impact of both GIA and dynamic topography.

  19. Social Cognition Unbound: Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization.

    PubMed

    Waytz, Adam; Epley, Nicholas; Cacioppo, John T

    2010-02-01

    People conceive of wrathful gods, fickle computers, and selfish genes, attributing human characteristics to a variety of supernatural, technological, and biological agents. This tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents figures prominently in domains ranging from religion to marketing to computer science. Perceiving an agent to be humanlike has important implications for whether the agent is capable of social influence, accountable for its actions, and worthy of moral care and consideration. Three primary factors-elicited agent knowledge, sociality motivation, and effectance motivation-appear to account for a significant amount of variability in anthropomorphism. Identifying these factors that lead people to see nonhuman agents as humanlike also sheds light on the inverse process of dehumanization, whereby people treat human agents as animals or objects. Understanding anthropomorphism can contribute to a more expansive view of social cognition that applies social psychological theory to a wide variety of both human and nonhuman agents.

  20. Social Cognition Unbound: Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization

    PubMed Central

    Waytz, Adam; Epley, Nicholas; Cacioppo, John T.

    2014-01-01

    People conceive of wrathful gods, fickle computers, and selfish genes, attributing human characteristics to a variety of supernatural, technological, and biological agents. This tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents figures prominently in domains ranging from religion to marketing to computer science. Perceiving an agent to be humanlike has important implications for whether the agent is capable of social influence, accountable for its actions, and worthy of moral care and consideration. Three primary factors—elicited agent knowledge, sociality motivation, and effectance motivation—appear to account for a significant amount of variability in anthropomorphism. Identifying these factors that lead people to see nonhuman agents as humanlike also sheds light on the inverse process of dehumanization, whereby people treat human agents as animals or objects. Understanding anthropomorphism can contribute to a more expansive view of social cognition that applies social psychological theory to a wide variety of both human and nonhuman agents. PMID:24839358

  1. Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Improved Sustainability and Protection of Facilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-05-01

    ballistic panels. In addition, the team’s work tested various options for adding self - healing , CNT reinforcement, EMI shielding, and self ...and functional- ization methods; introducing a self - healing agent directly to the matrix or contained in embedded hollow glass fibers; using layers...using CNT sheet reinforcement ...................... 23 5 Ballistic Testing of Self - Healing GFRP Panel

  2. Was that CT? Assessing Computational Thinking Patterns through Video-Based Prompts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marshall, Krista Sekeres

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate student understanding and application of computational thinking patterns to novel situations. Over 500 students, who had just designed and programmed a Frogger-style game using the AgentSheets platform, responded to a newly developed video-prompt survey instrument administered in the Fall 2010 semester.…

  3. 77 FR 75679 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-21

    ... et seq.). Rule 17Ad-13 requires an annual study and evaluation of internal accounting controls under... transfer agents to obtain an annual report on the adequacy of their internal accounting controls from an... service only their own companies' securities. Approximately 150 independent, professional transfer agents...

  4. Greenland Ice Sheet seasonal and spatial mass variability from model simulations and GRACE (2003-2012)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco; Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne; Luthcke, Scott B.; Fettweis, Xavier; Larour, Eric

    2016-06-01

    Improving the ability of regional climate models (RCMs) and ice sheet models (ISMs) to simulate spatiotemporal variations in the mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is crucial for prediction of future sea level rise. While several studies have examined recent trends in GrIS mass loss, studies focusing on mass variations at sub-annual and sub-basin-wide scales are still lacking. At these scales, processes responsible for mass change are less well understood and modeled, and could potentially play an important role in future GrIS mass change. Here, we examine spatiotemporal variations in mass over the GrIS derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites for the January 2003-December 2012 period using a "mascon" approach, with a nominal spatial resolution of 100 km, and a temporal resolution of 10 days. We compare GRACE-estimated mass variations against those simulated by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) RCM and the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). In order to properly compare spatial and temporal variations in GrIS mass from GRACE with model outputs, we find it necessary to spatially and temporally filter model results to reproduce leakage of mass inherent in the GRACE solution. Both modeled and satellite-derived results point to a decline (of -178.9 ± 4.4 and -239.4 ± 7.7 Gt yr-1 respectively) in GrIS mass over the period examined, but the models appear to underestimate the rate of mass loss, especially in areas below 2000 m in elevation, where the majority of recent GrIS mass loss is occurring. On an ice-sheet-wide scale, the timing of the modeled seasonal cycle of cumulative mass (driven by summer mass loss) agrees with the GRACE-derived seasonal cycle, within limits of uncertainty from the GRACE solution. However, on sub-ice-sheet-wide scales, some areas exhibit significant differences in the timing of peaks in the annual cycle of mass change. At these scales, model biases, or processes not accounted for by models related to ice dynamics or hydrology, may lead to the observed differences. This highlights the need for further evaluation of modeled processes at regional and seasonal scales, and further study of ice sheet processes not accounted for, such as the role of subglacial hydrology in variations in glacial flow.

  5. Inferring Ice Thickness from a Glacier Dynamics Model and Multiple Surface Datasets.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guan, Y.; Haran, M.; Pollard, D.

    2017-12-01

    The future behavior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) may have a major impact on future climate. For instance, ice sheet melt may contribute significantly to global sea level rise. Understanding the current state of WAIS is therefore of great interest. WAIS is drained by fast-flowing glaciers which are major contributors to ice loss. Hence, understanding the stability and dynamics of glaciers is critical for predicting the future of the ice sheet. Glacier dynamics are driven by the interplay between the topography, temperature and basal conditions beneath the ice. A glacier dynamics model describes the interactions between these processes. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model that integrates multiple ice sheet surface data sets with a glacier dynamics model. Our approach allows us to (1) infer important parameters describing the glacier dynamics, (2) learn about ice sheet thickness, and (3) account for errors in the observations and the model. Because we have relatively dense and accurate ice thickness data from the Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica, we use these data to validate the proposed approach. The long-term goal of this work is to have a general model that may be used to study multiple glaciers in the Antarctic.

  6. Financial Management: Independent Examination of the Rights to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Buildings and Other Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-03-25

    of Defense Financial Management Regulation DoD IG Department of Defense Inspector General FAS Financial Accounting Standards GAAP Generally Accepted...Sheet. The net book value represents the difference between the historical acquisition (book) cost and the associated accumulated depreciation of the...not corrected. Criteria Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ). GAAP describes assertions as representations by management that are

  7. 78 FR 66973 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-07

    ... the administrator, accountant, custodian and transfer agent for the Fund (``Administrator,'' ``Accountant,'' ``Custodian'' and ``Transfer Agent,'' respectively). \\4\\ A Managed Fund Share is a security... expenses, dividends, distributions, taxes, risks, and reports to be distributed to beneficial owners of the...

  8. 46 CFR Sec. 6 - Disbursements at other domestic ports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... invoices from such advances and make proper accounting to the agent for each advance supported by invoices... RULES FOR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS UNDER AGENCY AGREEMENTS Disbursements Sec. 6 Disbursements at other... agent may advance from time to time from the joint bank account the funds necessary to meet the...

  9. 12 CFR 725.7 - Special share accounts in federally chartered agent members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special share accounts in federally chartered agent members. 725.7 Section 725.7 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION CENTRAL LIQUIDITY FACILITY § 725.7 Special...

  10. Combining accounting approaches to practice valuation.

    PubMed

    Schwartzben, D; Finkler, S A

    1998-06-01

    Healthcare organizations that wish to acquire physician or ambulatory care practices can choose from a variety of practice valuation approaches. Basic accounting methods assess the value of a physician practice on the basis of a historical, balance-sheet description of tangible assets. Yet these methods alone are inadequate to determine the true financial value of a practice. By using a combination of accounting approaches to practice valuation that consider factors such as fair market value, opportunity cost, and discounted cash flow over a defined time period, organizations can more accurately assess a practice's actual value.

  11. Genetic variability in E6, E7, and L1 genes of human papillomavirus genotype 52 from Southwest China.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yiwen; Cao, Man; Wang, Mengting; Ding, Xianping; Jing, Yaling; Chen, Zuyi; Ma, Tengjiao; Chen, Honghan

    2016-07-01

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major causative agent of cervical cancer, which accounts for the second highest cancer burden in women worldwide. HPV-52, the prevalent subtype in Asia, especially in southwest China, was analyzed in this study. To analyze polymorphisms, intratypic variants, and genetic variability in the E6-E7 (n=26) and L1 (n=53) genes of HPV-52, these genes were sequenced and the sequences were submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining and Kimura 2-parameters methods, followed by analysis of the diversity of secondary structure. Finally, we estimated the selection pressures acting on the E6-E7 and L1 genes. Fifty-one novel variants of HPV-52 L1, and two novel variants of HPV-52 E6-E7 were identified in this study. Thirty single nucleotide changes were observed in HPV-52 E6-E7 sequences with 19/30 non-synonymous mutations and 11/30 synonymous mutations (five in the alpha helix and five in the beta sheet). Fifty-five single nucleotide changes were observed in HPV-52 L1 sequences with 17/55 non-synonymous mutations (seven in the alpha helix and fourteen in the beta sheet) and 38/55 synonymous mutations. Selective pressure analysis predicted that most of these mutations reflect positive selection. Identifying new variants in HPV-52 may inform the rational design of new vaccines specifically for women in southwest China. Knowledge of genetic variation in HPV may be useful as an epidemiologic correlate of cervical cancer risk, or may even provide critical information for developing diagnostic probes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. 75 FR 57832 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-22

    ..., minus receivables retained on the bank's balance sheet as of that day. The OCC will use the information...'' refers to the total amount of outstanding balances due on credit card accounts owned by an independent...

  13. 47 CFR 32.3410 - Accumulated amortization-capitalized leases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accumulated amortization-capitalized leases. 32.3410 Section 32.3410 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet...

  14. 47 CFR 32.2003 - Telecommunications plant under construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Telecommunications plant under construction. 32.2003 Section 32.2003 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet...

  15. Probabilistic framework for assessing the ice sheet contribution to sea level change.

    PubMed

    Little, Christopher M; Urban, Nathan M; Oppenheimer, Michael

    2013-02-26

    Previous sea level rise (SLR) assessments have excluded the potential for dynamic ice loss over much of Greenland and Antarctica, and recently proposed "upper bounds" on Antarctica's 21st-century SLR contribution are derived principally from regions where present-day mass loss is concentrated (basin 15, or B15, drained largely by Pine Island, Thwaites, and Smith glaciers). Here, we present a probabilistic framework for assessing the ice sheet contribution to sea level change that explicitly accounts for mass balance uncertainty over an entire ice sheet. Applying this framework to Antarctica, we find that ongoing mass imbalances in non-B15 basins give an SLR contribution by 2100 that: (i) is comparable to projected changes in B15 discharge and Antarctica's surface mass balance, and (ii) varies widely depending on the subset of basins and observational dataset used in projections. Increases in discharge uncertainty, or decreases in the exceedance probability used to define an upper bound, increase the fractional contribution of non-B15 basins; even weak spatial correlations in future discharge growth rates markedly enhance this sensitivity. Although these projections rely on poorly constrained statistical parameters, they may be updated with observations and/or models at many spatial scales, facilitating a more comprehensive account of uncertainty that, if implemented, will improve future assessments.

  16. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet.

    PubMed

    Price, Stephen F; Hoffman, Matthew J; Bonin, Jennifer A; Howat, Ian M; Neumann, Thomas; Saba, Jack; Tezaur, Irina; Guerber, Jeffrey; Chambers, Don P; Evans, Katherine J; Kennedy, Joseph H; Lenaerts, Jan; Lipscomb, William H; Perego, Mauro; Salinger, Andrew G; Tuminaro, Raymond S; van den Broeke, Michiel R; Nowicki, Sophie M J

    2017-01-01

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework - the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CmCt) - that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013 using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative metrics for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin- and whole-ice-sheet scale metrics, we find that simulations using both idealized conceptual models and dynamic, numerical models provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of <1 m). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CmCt, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes occurring on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CmCt as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation.

  17. Coupled ice sheet - climate simulations of the last glacial inception and last glacial maximum with a model of intermediate complexity that includes a dynamical downscaling of heat and moisture

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quiquet, Aurélien; Roche, Didier M.

    2017-04-01

    Comprehensive fully coupled ice sheet - climate models allowing for multi-millenia transient simulations are becoming available. They represent powerful tools to investigate ice sheet - climate interactions during the repeated retreats and advances of continental ice sheets of the Pleistocene. However, in such models, most of the time, the spatial resolution of the ice sheet model is one order of magnitude lower than the one of the atmospheric model. As such, orography-induced precipitation is only poorly represented. In this work, we briefly present the most recent improvements of the ice sheet - climate coupling within the model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM. On the one hand, from the native atmospheric resolution (T21), we have included a dynamical downscaling of heat and moisture at the ice sheet model resolution (40 km x 40 km). This downscaling accounts for feedbacks of sub-grid precipitation on large scale energy and water budgets. From the sub-grid atmospheric variables, we compute an ice sheet surface mass balance required by the ice sheet model. On the other hand, we also explicitly use oceanic temperatures to compute sub-shelf melting at a given depth. Based on palaeo evidences for rate of change of eustatic sea level, we discuss the capability of our new model to correctly simulate the last glacial inception ( 116 kaBP) and the ice volume of the last glacial maximum ( 21 kaBP). We show that the model performs well in certain areas (e.g. Canadian archipelago) but some model biases are consistent over time periods (e.g. Kara-Barents sector). We explore various model sensitivities (e.g. initial state, vegetation, albedo) and we discuss the importance of the downscaling of precipitation for ice nucleation over elevated area and for the surface mass balance of larger ice sheets.

  18. Incorporation of ice sheet models into an Earth system model: Focus on methodology of coupling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rybak, Oleg; Volodin, Evgeny; Morozova, Polina; Nevecherja, Artiom

    2018-03-01

    Elaboration of a modern Earth system model (ESM) requires incorporation of ice sheet dynamics. Coupling of an ice sheet model (ICM) to an AOGCM is complicated by essential differences in spatial and temporal scales of cryospheric, atmospheric and oceanic components. To overcome this difficulty, we apply two different approaches for the incorporation of ice sheets into an ESM. Coupling of the Antarctic ice sheet model (AISM) to the AOGCM is accomplished via using procedures of resampling, interpolation and assigning to the AISM grid points annually averaged meanings of air surface temperature and precipitation fields generated by the AOGCM. Surface melting, which takes place mainly on the margins of the Antarctic peninsula and on ice shelves fringing the continent, is currently ignored. AISM returns anomalies of surface topography back to the AOGCM. To couple the Greenland ice sheet model (GrISM) to the AOGCM, we use a simple buffer energy- and water-balance model (EWBM-G) to account for orographically-driven precipitation and other sub-grid AOGCM-generated quantities. The output of the EWBM-G consists of surface mass balance and air surface temperature to force the GrISM, and freshwater run-off to force thermohaline circulation in the oceanic block of the AOGCM. Because of a rather complex coupling procedure of GrIS compared to AIS, the paper mostly focuses on Greenland.

  19. The Self-Association of Graphane Is Driven by London Dispersion and Enhanced Orbital Interactions.

    PubMed

    Wang, Changwei; Mo, Yirong; Wagner, J Philipp; Schreiner, Peter R; Jemmis, Eluvathingal D; Danovich, David; Shaik, Sason

    2015-04-14

    We investigated the nature of the cohesive energy between graphane sheets via multiple CH···HC interactions, using density functional theory (DFT) including dispersion correction (Grimme's D3 approach) computations of [n]graphane σ dimers (n = 6-73). For comparison, we also evaluated the binding between graphene sheets that display prototypical π/π interactions. The results were analyzed using the block-localized wave function (BLW) method, which is a variant of ab initio valence bond (VB) theory. BLW interprets the intermolecular interactions in terms of frozen interaction energy (ΔE(F)) composed of electrostatic and Pauli repulsion interactions, polarization (ΔE(pol)), charge-transfer interaction (ΔE(CT)), and dispersion effects (ΔE(disp)). The BLW analysis reveals that the cohesive energy between graphane sheets is dominated by two stabilizing effects, namely intermolecular London dispersion and two-way charge transfer energy due to the σ(CH) → σ*(HC) interactions. The shift of the electron density around the nonpolar covalent C-H bonds involved in the intermolecular interaction decreases the C-H bond lengths uniformly by 0.001 Å. The ΔE(CT) term, which accounts for ∼15% of the total binding energy, results in the accumulation of electron density in the interface area between two layers. This accumulated electron density thus acts as an electronic "glue" for the graphane layers and constitutes an important driving force in the self-association and stability of graphane under ambient conditions. Similarly, the "double faced adhesive tape" style of charge transfer interactions was also observed among graphene sheets in which it accounts for ∼18% of the total binding energy. The binding energy between graphane sheets is additive and can be expressed as a sum of CH···HC interactions, or as a function of the number of C-H bonds.

  20. Electric fields measured by ISEE-1 within and near the neutral sheet during quiet and active times

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cattell, C. A.; Mozer, F. S.

    1982-01-01

    An understanding of the physical processes occurring in the magnetotail and plasmasheet during different interplanetary magnetic field orientations and differing levels of ground magnetic activity is crucial for the development of a theory of energy transfer from the solar wind to the particles which produce auroral arcs. In the present investigation, the first observations of electric fields during neutral sheet crossings are presented, taking into account the statistical correlations of the interplanetary magnetic field direction and ground activity with the character of the electric field. The electric field data used in the study were obtained from a double probe experiment on the ISEE-1 satellite. The observations suggest that turbulent electric and magnetic fields are intimately related to plasma acceleration in the neutral sheet and to the processes which create auroral particles.

  1. Pulsar current sheet C̆erenkov radiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Fan

    2018-04-01

    Plasma-filled pulsar magnetospheres contain thin current sheets wherein the charged particles are accelerated by magnetic reconnections to travel at ultra-relativistic speeds. On the other hand, the plasma frequency of the more regular force-free regions of the magnetosphere rests almost precisely on the upper limit of radio frequencies, with the cyclotron frequency being far higher due to the strong magnetic field. This combination produces a peculiar situation, whereby radio-frequency waves can travel at subluminal speeds without becoming evanescent. The conditions are thus conducive to C̆erenkov radiation originating from current sheets, which could plausibly serve as a coherent radio emission mechanism. In this paper we aim to provide a portrait of the relevant processes involved, and show that this mechanism can possibly account for some of the most salient features of the observed radio signals.

  2. Interrelations between Policymakers' Intentions and School Agents' Interpretation of Accountability Policy in Israel

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Amdur, Lisa; Mero-Jaffe, Irit

    2017-01-01

    The study examined the interrelations between policymakers' intentions for test-based accountability policy and school agents' perceptions and actions with regard to this policy. Mixed methods were used and encompassed 24 policymakers, 80 school principals, 168 teachers and case studies of four schools. New institutional theory, including the…

  3. Politics, Control, and the Future of School Accountability.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moe, Terry M.

    This paper examines the forces that affect school accountability. It presents the discussion in the context of the classic agency model, which is built around a principal-agent relationship. In these types of relationships, a principal attains certain goals through an agent, who acts on her behalf. Although ubiquitous in society, these kinds of…

  4. Interaction of insulin with colloidal ZnS quantum dots functionalized by various surface capping agents.

    PubMed

    Hosseinzadeh, Ghader; Maghari, Ali; Farniya, Seyed Morteza Famil; Keihan, Amir Homayoun; Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali A

    2017-08-01

    Interaction of quantum dots (QDs) and proteins strongly influenced by the surface characteristics of the QDs at the protein-QD interface. For a precise control of these surface-related interactions, it is necessary to improve our understanding in this field. In this regard, in the present work, the interaction between the insulin and differently functionalized ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were studied. The ZnS QDs were functionalized with various functional groups of hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), amine (NH 2 ), and amino acid (COOH and NH 2 ). The effect of surface hydrophobicity was also studied by changing the alkyl-chain lengths of mercaptocarboxylic acid capping agents. The interaction between insulin and the ZnS QDs were investigated by fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and thermal aggregation techniques. The results reveal that among the studied QDs, mercaptosuccinic acid functionalized QDs has the strongest interaction (∆G ° =-51.50kJ/mol at 310K) with insulin, mercaptoethanol functionalized QDs destabilize insulin by increasing the beta-sheet contents, and only cysteine functionalized QDs improves the insulin stability by increasing the alpha-helix contents of the protein, and. Our results also indicate that by increasing the alkyl-chain length of capping agents, due to an increase in hydrophobicity of the QDs surface, the beta-sheet contents of insulin increase which results in the enhancement of insulin instability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Acquisition Review Quarterly (ARQ): Volume 1, Number 1, Winter 1994

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-01-01

    OH. Horngren , C. T., & Foster, G. (1991). Cost Accounting , a Managerial Emphasis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Moniison, D. C. (1901, March). Deep...1), or are predicted to occur for the duration of their cost account ( s ) as planned on Work Package Planning Sheets (WPPS). The Narrative Variance...in dealing with similar business situations. Research 19- COST OVERRUN OPTIMISM: Fact or Fiction Major David S . Christensen, USAF "Wheii idken to

  6. Chemical Agent Data Sheets. Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1974-12-01

    petechial hemorrhage with discoloration; I edema with extension of the swelling, necrosis and ultimately dry gangrene; ulceration and eventually...vomiting, depression, and fever , and are far more prone to occur iii hot than in temperate climates. halaise and nausea generally are the first...productive. Fever , dyspnea, and moist rales may develop. The incidence of bronchopneurnonia is high. Convalescence is slow and cough may persist a

  7. Effect of different bulking agents on water variation and thermal balance and their respective contribution to bio-generated heat during long-term storage sludge biodrying process.

    PubMed

    Liu, Tiantian; Cui, Chongwei; He, Junguo; Tang, Jian

    2018-04-17

    Biodrying was first used for the post-treatment of long-term storage sludge with vinasse as bulking agents. The effect of different bulking agents on water and heat variation and their respective contributions to bio-generated heat during storage sludge biodrying were investigated. Three different bulking agents (beer lees and distillers grains, with conventional straw used for comparison) were mixed with storage sludge for biodrying for an 18-day period. The results revealed the treatment with beer lees as bulking agent achieved the best performance with the highest water removal capacity (658 g kg -1 initial water). The extent of organic degradation in the mixture was related to the degradation ability of the bulking agents. The degradation of C- and H-containing materials (e.g., carboxylic acid) accounted for volatile solids (VS) loss. Water and thermal analyses showed that evaporation was the main way of water loss (accounting for 90%), while evaporation heat was the main component of heat consumption (accounting for 56.67-60.62%).The biodegradation of bulking agents contributed a high proportion of the bio-generated heat consumed by water evaporation (82.35-86.67%).

  8. 13 CFR 120.1822 - What is the process to apply for an SISMBD Loan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... loan; (2) A statement of the amount requested; (3) Applicant's IRS tax identification number; (4) A... prepared by an accountant, including a copy of its most recent outside audit report, a balance sheet, an...

  9. 14 CFR 1261.417 - Referral to Department of Justice (DJ) or General Accounting Office (GAO).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., and expenses; or (iv) An audited balance sheet of a corporate debtor. (4) Reasons for credit data... case NASA will furnish such information as it can develop concerning the identity and address of the...

  10. 14 CFR 1261.417 - Referral to Department of Justice (DJ) or General Accounting Office (GAO).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., and expenses; or (iv) An audited balance sheet of a corporate debtor. (4) Reasons for credit data... case NASA will furnish such information as it can develop concerning the identity and address of the...

  11. Archibald Menzies on Albemarle Island, Galápagos archipelago, 7 February 1795.

    PubMed

    Nelson, E Charles; Porter, Duncan M

    2011-01-01

    Menzies made the earliest extant botanical collections in the Galápagos; five sheets, representing three endemic species, are known. Menzies's own account of the visit is also extant and is transcribed here from his manuscript journal.

  12. Age-related decline in the matrix contents and functional properties of human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets.

    PubMed

    Wu, Rui-Xin; Bi, Chun-Sheng; Yu, Yang; Zhang, Lin-Lin; Chen, Fa-Ming

    2015-08-01

    In this study, periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (PDLSCs) derived from different-aged donors were used to evaluate the effect of aging on cell sheet formation. The activity of PDLSCs was first determined based on their colony-forming ability, surface markers, proliferative/differentiative potentials, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βG) staining, and expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors. The ability of these cells to form sheets, based on their extracellular matrix (ECM) contents and their functional properties necessary for osteogenic differentiation, was evaluated to predict the age-related changes in the regenerative capacity of the cell sheets in their further application. It was found that human PDLSCs could be isolated from the PDL tissue of different-aged subjects. However, the ability of the PDLSCs to proliferate and to undergo osteogenic differentiation and their expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors displayed age-related decreases. In addition, these cells exhibited an age-related increase in SA-βG expression. Aged cells showed an impaired ability to form functional cell sheets, as determined by morphological observations and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining. Based on the production of ECM proteins, such as fibronectin, integrin β1, and collagen type I; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; and the expression of osteogenic genes, such as ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin, cell sheets formed by PDLSCs derived from older donors demonstrated a less potent osteogenic capacity compared to those formed by PDLSCs from younger donors. Our data suggest that the age-associated decline in the matrix contents and osteogenic properties of PDLSC sheets should be taken into account in cell sheet engineering research and clinical periodontal regenerative therapy. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. The sea-level fingerprints of ice-sheet collapse during interglacial periods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hay, Carling; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Gomez, Natalya; Creveling, Jessica R.; Austermann, Jacqueline; E. Kopp, Robert

    2014-03-01

    Studies of sea level during previous interglacials provide insight into the stability of polar ice sheets in the face of global climate change. Commonly, these studies correct ancient sea-level highstands for the contaminating effect of isostatic adjustment associated with past ice age cycles, and interpret the residuals as being equivalent to the peak eustatic sea level associated with excess melting, relative to present day, of ancient polar ice sheets. However, the collapse of polar ice sheets produces a distinct geometry, or fingerprint, of sea-level change, which must be accounted for to accurately infer peak eustatic sea level from site-specific residual highstands. To explore this issue, we compute fingerprints associated with the collapse of the Greenland Ice Sheet, West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and marine sectors of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in order to isolate regions that would have been subject to greater-than-eustatic sea-level change for all three cases. These fingerprints are more robust than those associated with modern melting events, when applied to infer eustatic sea level, because: (1) a significant collapse of polar ice sheets reduces the sensitivity of the computed fingerprints to uncertainties in the geometry of the melt regions; and (2) the sea-level signal associated with the collapse will dominate the signal from steric effects. We evaluate these fingerprints at a suite of sites where sea-level records from interglacial marine isotopes stages (MIS) 5e and 11 have been obtained. Using these results, we demonstrate that previously discrepant estimates of peak eustatic sea level during MIS5e based on sea-level markers in Australia and the Seychelles are brought into closer accord.

  14. Human Health Concenrs of the Metalworking Fluid Components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gerulová, Kristína; Buranská, Eva; Soldán, Maroš

    2017-06-01

    The exploration of 209 available Material safety data sheets of 85 straight oils, 46 emulsions, 51 semi-synthetics and 27 synthetics was carried out to provide a report on the most used components defined as dangerous substances. As many as 217 of different substances of which 15 were identified as biocides, 17 as corrosion inhibitors or neutralizing agent, 17 were lubricity improvers and 38 different base fluids, lubricity solvents or surfactants, while 93 substances were not identified specifically and 37 substances occurred only once. This article is focused on the list of biocides, neutralizing agents and corrosion inhibitors identified in all types of MWFs and their possible health effects.

  15. Surface modified and medicated polyurethane materials capable of controlling microorganisms causing foot skin infection in athletes.

    PubMed

    Gnanasundaram, Saraswathy; Ranganathan, Mohan; Das, Bhabendra Nath; Mandal, Asit Baran

    2013-02-01

    Foot odor and foot infection are major problems of athletes and persons with hyperhidrosis. Many shoes especially sports shoes have removable cushion insoles/foot beds for foot comfort. Polyurethane (PU) foam and elastomer have been used as cushion insole in shoes. In the present work, new insole materials based on porous viscoelastic PU sheets having hydrophilic property and antimicrobial drug coating to control foot infection and odor were developed. Bacteria and fungus that are causing infection and bad odor of the foot of athletes were isolated by microbial cell culturing of foot sweat. The surface of porous viscoelastic PU sheets was modified using hydrophilic polymers and coated with antimicrobial agent, silver sulfadiazine (SS). The surface modified PU sheets were characterized using ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, contact angle measurement and water absorption study. Results had shown that modified PU sheets have hydrophilicity greater than that of original PU sheet. FTIR spectra and SEM pictures confirmed modification of PU surface with hydrophilic polymers and coating with SS. Minimum inhibitory concentration studies indicated that SS has activity on all isolated bacteria of athletic foot sweat. The maximum inhibition was found for Pseudomonas (20mm) followed by Micrococci (17 mm), Diphtheroids (16 mm) and Staphylococci (12 mm). During perspiration of foot the hydrophilic polymers on PU surface will swell and release SS. Future work will confirm the application of these materials as inserts in athletic shoes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Control of fibroin conformation: Toward the development of a biomimetic spinning process for silk fibers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carlson, Kimberly Ann Trabbic

    1999-09-01

    Nature has shown that silks are sophisticated structural materials with remarkable mechanical properties; however, they are produced using far milder conditions than high-performance synthetic polymer fibers. While recent advances in molecular biotechnology have taken great strides toward the production of proteinaceous biopolymers, little is known about the processing conditions needed to spin fibers with the correct microstructures and mechanical properties. It is the purpose of this research to gain a fundamental understanding about how processing conditions affect the molecular structure of a model protein biopolymer, Bombyx mori silkworm fibroin, the structural protein of cocoon silk. Fibers of B. mori fibroin were wet spun from 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) into a methanol coagulation bath. X-ray fiber diffraction and quantitative Raman spectroscopy were used to determine that both naturally- and synthetically-spun fibers contain a high degree of beta-sheet (~50%). Fibers subjected to a post-spinning draw exhibited a preferential molecular alignment parallel to the fiber axis resulting in increased strength, stiffness, and extensibility. Fibers with microstructures and mechanical properties most similar to those of naturally-spun fibers were reproduced in synthetically-spun fibers with a draw ratio of 3.5. The transformation of helical fibroin in HFIP to beta-sheet sheet fibroin in synthetically-spun fibers was determined to be caused by the methanol coagulation bath. The kinetics beta-sheet fibroin crystallization from aqueous solution was investigated by monitoring the sigmoidal progression of gel formation using turbidity and Raman spectroscopy. Gelation kinetics were evaluated by measuring lag time, maximum gelation rate, and optical density to determine the effects of protein concentration, detergent concentration (nucleating agent), headgroup chemistry, ionic strength, pH, and temperature. An optimal molar ratio between SDS and fibroin (100:1) was found to produce gels with minimum lag times and maximum gelation rates. Fluorescence spectroscopy and a two-step denaturation and aggregation model for gelation were used to explore the mechanism of fibroin gelation. Conditions that lead to fibroin expansion (dilute fibroin, low ionic strength, highly charged fibroin, or increased temperature) result in decreased lag times. The results presented in this dissertation should aid in developing biomimetic spinning techniques for proteinaceous, biopolymers through the use of amphiphilic sheet nucleating agents.

  17. Reading and understanding financial statements.

    PubMed

    White, Joseph P

    2005-01-01

    Feeling comfortable reading and understanding financial statements is critical to the success of healthcare executives and physicians involved in management. Businesses use three primary financial statements: a balance sheet represents the equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity; an income statement represents the equation, Revenues - Expenses = Net Income; a statement of cash flows reports all sources and uses of cash during the represented period. The balance sheet expresses financial indicators at one particular moment in time, whereas the income statement and the statement of cash flows show activity that occurred over a stretch of time. Additional information is disclosed in attached footnotes and other supplementary materials. There are two ways to prepare financial statements. Cash-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is received and expenses when they are paid. Accrual-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Although cash-basis is acceptable, periodically using the accrual method reveals important information about receivables and liabilities that could otherwise remain hidden. Become more engaged with your financial statements by spending time reading them, tracking key performance indicators, and asking accountants and financial advisors questions. This will help you better understand your business and build a successful future.

  18. Modelling the Climate - Greenland Ice Sheet Interaction in the Coupled Ice-sheet/Climate Model EC-EARTH - PISM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, S.; Madsen, M. S.; Rodehacke, C. B.; Svendsen, S. H.; Adalgeirsdottir, G.

    2014-12-01

    Recent observations show that the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass with an increasing speed during the past decades. Predicting the GrIS changes and their climate consequences relies on the understanding of the interaction of the GrIS with the climate system on both global and local scales, and requires climate model systems with an explicit and physically consistent ice sheet module. A fully coupled global climate model with a dynamical ice sheet model for the GrIS has recently been developed. The model system, EC-EARTH - PISM, consists of the EC-EARTH, an atmosphere, ocean and sea ice model system, and the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). The coupling of PISM includes a modified surface physical parameterization in EC-EARTH adapted to the land ice surface over glaciated regions in Greenland. The PISM ice sheet model is forced with the surface mass balance (SMB) directly computed inside the EC-EARTH atmospheric module and accounting for the precipitation, the surface evaporation, and the melting of snow and ice over land ice. PISM returns the simulated basal melt, ice discharge and ice cover (extent and thickness) as boundary conditions to EC-EARTH. This coupled system is mass and energy conserving without being constrained by any anomaly correction or flux adjustment, and hence is suitable for investigation of ice sheet - climate feedbacks. Three multi-century experiments for warm climate scenarios under (1) the RCP85 climate forcing, (2) an abrupt 4xCO2 and (3) an idealized 1% per year CO2 increase are performed using the coupled model system. The experiments are compared with their counterparts of the standard CMIP5 simulations (without the interactive ice sheet) to evaluate the performance of the coupled system and to quantify the GrIS feedbacks. In particular, the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet under the warm climate and its impacts on the climate system are investigated. Freshwater fluxes from the Greenland ice sheet melt to the Arctic and North Atlantic basin and their influence on the ocean stratification and ocean circulation are analysed. The changes in the surface climate and the atmospheric circulation associated with the impact of the Greenland ice sheet changes are quantified. The interaction between the Greenland ice sheet and Arctic sea ice is also examined.

  19. Towards Greenland Glaciation: cumulative or abrupt transition?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ramstein, Gilles; Tan, Ning; Ladant, Jean-baptiste; Dumas, Christophe; Contoux, Camille

    2017-04-01

    During the mid-Pliocene warming period (3-3.3 Ma BP), the global annual mean temperatures inferred by data and model studies were 2-3° warmer than pre-industrial values. Accordingly, Greenland ice sheet volume is supposed to reach at the most, only half of that of present-day [Haywood et al. 2010]. Around 2.7-2.6 Ma BP, just ˜ 500 kyr after the warming peak of mid-Pliocene, the Greenland ice sheet has reached its full size [Lunt et al. 2008]. A crucial question concerns the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet from half to full size during the 3 - 2.5 Ma period. Data show a decreasing trend of atmospheric CO2 concentration from 3 Ma to 2.5 Ma [Seki et al.2010; Bartoli et al. 2011; Martinez et al. 2015]. However, a recent study [Contoux et al. 2015] suggests that a lowering of CO2 is not sufficient to initiate a perennial glaciation on Greenland and must be combined with low summer insolation to preserve the ice sheet during insolation maxima. This suggests rather a cumulative process than an abrupt event. In order to diagnose the evolution of the ice sheet build-up, we carry on, for the first time, a transient simulation of climate and ice sheet evolutions from 3 Ma to 2.5 Ma. This strategy enables us to investigate the waxing and waning of the ice sheet during several orbital cycles. We use a tri-dimensional interpolation method designed by Ladant et al. (2014), which allows the evolution of CO2 concentration and of orbital parameters, and the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet size to be taken into account. By interpolating climatic snapshot simulations ran with various possible combinations of CO2, orbits and ice sheet sizes, we can build a continuous climatic forcing that is then used to provide 500 kyrs-long ice sheet simulations. With such a tool, we may offer a physically based answer to different CO2 reconstructions scenarios and analyse which one is the most consistent with Greenland ice sheet buildup.

  20. Statistical Study between Solar Wind, Magnetosheath and Plasma Sheet Fluctuation Properties and Correlation with Magnetotail Bursty Bulk Flows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, C. S.; Nykyri, K.; Dimmock, A. P.

    2017-12-01

    In this paper we test a hypothesis that magnetotail reconnection in the thin current sheet could be initiated by external fluctuations. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) has been observed during southward IMF and it can produce, cold, dense plasma transport and compressional fluctuations that can move further into the magnetosphere. The properties of the KHI depend on the magnetosheath seed fluctuation spectrum (Nykyri et al., JGR, 2017). In this paper we present a statistical correlation study between Solar Wind, Magnetosheath and Plasma sheet fluctuation properties using 9+ years of THEMIS data in aberrated GSM frame, and in a normalized coordinate system that takes into account the changes of the magnetopause and bow shock location with respect to changing solar wind conditions. We present statistical results of the plasma sheet fluctuation properties (dn, dV and dB) and their dependence on IMF orientation and fluctuation properties and resulting magnetosheath state. These statistical maps are compared with spatial distribution of magnetotail Bursty Bulk Flows to study possible correlations with magnetotail reconnection and these fluctuations.

  1. Hybrid simulations of magnetic reconnection with kinetic ions and fluid electron pressure anisotropy

    DOE PAGES

    Le, A.; Daughton, W.; Karimabadi, H.; ...

    2016-03-16

    We present the first hybrid simulations with kinetic ions and recently developed equations of state for the electron fluid appropriate for reconnection with a guide field. The equations of state account for the main anisotropy of the electron pressure tensor.Magnetic reconnection is studied in two systems, an initially force-free current sheet and a Harris sheet. The hybrid model with the equations of state is compared to two other models, hybrid simulations with isothermal electrons and fully kinetic simulations. Including the anisotropicequations of state in the hybrid model provides a better match to the fully kinetic model. In agreement with fullymore » kinetic results, the main feature captured is the formation of an electron current sheet that extends several ion inertial lengths. This electron current sheet modifies the Hall magnetic field structure near the X-line, and it is not observed in the standard hybrid model with isotropic electrons. The saturated reconnection rate in this regime nevertheless remains similar in all three models. Here, implications for global modeling are discussed.« less

  2. Does a Local B-Minimum Appear in the Tail Current Sheet During a Substorm Growth Phase?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sergeev, V. A.; Gordeev, E. I.; Merkin, V. G.; Sitnov, M. I.

    2018-03-01

    Magnetic configurations with dBz/dr > 0 in the midtail current sheet are potentially unstable to various instabilities associated with the explosive substorm onset. Their existence is hard to confirm with observations of magnetospheric spacecraft. Here we use remote sensing by low-altitude spacecraft that measured the loss cone filling rate during electron-rich solar particle event, providing information about magnetic properties of the tail current sheet. We found a latitudinally localized anisotropic 30 keV electron loss cone region embedded inside an extended region of isotropic solar electron precipitation. It was persistently observed for more than 0.5 h during isolated growth phase event by six Polar Operational Environmental Satellites spacecraft, which crossed the premidnight auroral oval. The embedded anisotropic region was observed 1° poleward of the outer radiation belt boundary over 4-5 h wide magnetic local time sector, suggesting a persistent ridge-type Bz2/j maximum in the equatorial plasma sheet at distances 15-20 RE. We discuss infrequent observations of such events taking into account recent results of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations.

  3. 7 CFR 4279.2 - Definitions and abbreviations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    .... Financial statement analysis normally contains spreadsheets for balance sheet items and income statements... appreciation. The difference between the current net book value recorded on the financial statements (original... financial accounting records located in St. Louis, Missouri. High-impact business. A business that offers...

  4. 7 CFR 4279.2 - Definitions and abbreviations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... Financial statement analysis normally contains spreadsheets for balance sheet items and income statements... appreciation. The difference between the current net book value recorded on the financial statements (original... financial accounting records located in St. Louis, Missouri. High-impact business. A business that offers...

  5. 14 CFR § 1261.417 - Referral to Department of Justice (DJ) or General Accounting Office (GAO).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., and expenses; or (iv) An audited balance sheet of a corporate debtor. (4) Reasons for credit data... case NASA will furnish such information as it can develop concerning the identity and address of the...

  6. 14 CFR Section 3 - Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... buildings and equipment 1639 1739 General classification Buildings 1640 1740 Maintenance buildings and... 1654 1754 Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment 1656 1756 Buildings 1660 1760 Maintenance buildings... 1510.3 Other investments and receivables 1530 Special funds 1550 Property and equipment 1600-1700...

  7. 14 CFR Section 3 - Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... buildings and equipment 1639 1739 General classification Buildings 1640 1740 Maintenance buildings and... 1654 1754 Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment 1656 1756 Buildings 1660 1760 Maintenance buildings... 1510.3 Other investments and receivables 1530 Special funds 1550 Property and equipment 1600-1700...

  8. 14 CFR 3 - Chart of Balance Sheet Accounts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... buildings and equipment 1639 1739 General classification Buildings 1640 1740 Maintenance buildings and... 1654 1754 Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment 1656 1756 Buildings 1660 1760 Maintenance buildings... 1510.3 Other investments and receivables 1530 Special funds 1550 Property and equipment 1600-1700...

  9. 47 CFR 32.2232 - Circuit equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... subaccount 2232.1 Electronic shall include the original cost of electronic circuit equipment. (c) This... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Circuit equipment. 32.2232 Section 32.2232... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2232 Circuit equipment...

  10. 47 CFR 32.2232 - Circuit equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... subaccount 2232.1 Electronic shall include the original cost of electronic circuit equipment. (c) This... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Circuit equipment. 32.2232 Section 32.2232... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2232 Circuit equipment...

  11. 47 CFR 32.2232 - Circuit equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... subaccount 2232.1 Electronic shall include the original cost of electronic circuit equipment. (c) This... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Circuit equipment. 32.2232 Section 32.2232... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2232 Circuit equipment...

  12. 47 CFR 32.2232 - Circuit equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... subaccount 2232.1 Electronic shall include the original cost of electronic circuit equipment. (c) This... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Circuit equipment. 32.2232 Section 32.2232... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2232 Circuit equipment...

  13. 47 CFR 32.2232 - Circuit equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... subaccount 2232.1 Electronic shall include the original cost of electronic circuit equipment. (c) This... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Circuit equipment. 32.2232 Section 32.2232... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.2232 Circuit equipment...

  14. 31 CFR 1020.630 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of foreign banks and agents for service of legal... foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of foreign banks and agents for service of legal process...

  15. 12 CFR 330.7 - Accounts held by an agent, nominee, guardian, custodian or conservator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounts held by an agent, nominee, guardian, custodian or conservator. 330.7 Section 330.7 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION.... Funds held by a guardian, custodian, or conservator for the benefit of his or her ward, or for the...

  16. Imaging Neuronal Seal Resistance on Silicon Chip using Fluorescent Voltage-Sensitive Dye

    PubMed Central

    Braun, Dieter; Fromherz, Peter

    2004-01-01

    The electrical sheet resistance between living cells grown on planar electronic contacts of semiconductors or metals is a crucial parameter for bioelectronic devices. It determines the strength of electrical signal transduction from cells to chips and from chips to cells. We measured the sheet resistance by applying AC voltage to oxidized silicon chips and by imaging the voltage change across the attached cell membrane with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye. The phase map of voltage change was fitted with a planar core-coat conductor model using the sheet resistance as a free parameter. For nerve cells from rat brain on polylysine as well as for HEK293 cells and MDCK cells on fibronectin we find a similar sheet resistance of 10 MΩ. Taking into account the independently measured distance of 50 nm between chip and membrane for these cells, we obtain a specific resistance of 50 Ωcm that is indistinguishable from bulk electrolyte. On the other hand, the sheet resistance for erythrocytes on polylysine is far higher, at ∼1.5 GΩ. Considering the distance of 10 nm, the specific resistance in the narrow cleft is enhanced to 1500 Ωcm. We find this novel optical method to be a convenient tool to optimize the interface between cells and chips for bioelectronic devices. PMID:15298937

  17. Imaging neuronal seal resistance on silicon chip using fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye.

    PubMed

    Braun, Dieter; Fromherz, Peter

    2004-08-01

    The electrical sheet resistance between living cells grown on planar electronic contacts of semiconductors or metals is a crucial parameter for bioelectronic devices. It determines the strength of electrical signal transduction from cells to chips and from chips to cells. We measured the sheet resistance by applying AC voltage to oxidized silicon chips and by imaging the voltage change across the attached cell membrane with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye. The phase map of voltage change was fitted with a planar core-coat conductor model using the sheet resistance as a free parameter. For nerve cells from rat brain on polylysine as well as for HEK293 cells and MDCK cells on fibronectin we find a similar sheet resistance of 10 MOmega. Taking into account the independently measured distance of 50 nm between chip and membrane for these cells, we obtain a specific resistance of 50 Omegacm that is indistinguishable from bulk electrolyte. On the other hand, the sheet resistance for erythrocytes on polylysine is far higher, at approximately 1.5 GOmega. Considering the distance of 10 nm, the specific resistance in the narrow cleft is enhanced to 1500 Omegacm. We find this novel optical method to be a convenient tool to optimize the interface between cells and chips for bioelectronic devices.

  18. 7 CFR 400.405 - Agent and loss adjuster responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Agent and loss adjuster responsibilities. 400.405... Regulations; Collection and Storage of Social Security Account Numbers and Employer Identification Numbers § 400.405 Agent and loss adjuster responsibilities. (a) The agent or loss adjuster shall provide his or...

  19. Electric fields in the plasma sheet and plasma sheet boundary layer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pedersen, A.; Knott, K.; Cattell, C. A.; Mozer, F. S.; Falthammar, C.-G.; Lindqvist, P.-A.; Manka, R. H.

    1985-01-01

    Results obtained by Forbes et al. (1981) on the basis of time delay measurements between ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 imply that the plasma flow and the boundary contracting velocity were nearly the same, whereas the expanding boundary velocity was not accompanied by any significant plasma sheet plasma motion. In the present study, this observation is discussed in conjunction with electric field data. The study is based on electric field data from the spherical double probe experiment on ISEE 1. Electric field data from GEOS 2 are used to some extent to monitor the electric fields near the geostationary orbit during the considered eve nts. Electric field data during CDAW 6 events are discussed, taking into account positions of ISEE 1/ISEE 2 and GEOS 2; March 22, 0600-1300 UT; and March 22, UT; and March 31, 1400-2400 UT.

  20. Failure Analysis of a Sheet Metal Blanking Process Based on Damage Coupling Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wen, Y.; Chen, Z. H.; Zang, Y.

    2013-11-01

    In this paper, a blanking process of sheet metal is studied by the methods of numerical simulation and experimental observation. The effects of varying technological parameters related to the quality of products are investigated. An elastoplastic constitutive equation accounting for isotropic ductile damage is implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS with a user-defined material subroutine UMAT. The simulations of the damage evolution and ductile fracture in a sheet metal blanking process have been carried out by the FEM. In order to guarantee computation accuracy and avoid numerical divergence during large plastic deformation, a specified remeshing technique is successively applied when severe element distortion occurs. In the simulation, the evolutions of damage at different stage of the blanking process have been evaluated and the distributions of damage obtained from simulation are in proper agreement with the experimental results.

  1. An Anisotropic Model for Magnetostriction and Magnetization Computing for Noise Generation in Electric Devices.

    PubMed

    Mbengue, Serigne Saliou; Buiron, Nicolas; Lanfranchi, Vincent

    2016-04-16

    During the manufacturing process and use of ferromagnetic sheets, operations such as rolling, cutting, and tightening induce anisotropy that changes the material's behavior. Consequently for more accuracy in magnetization and magnetostriction calculations in electric devices such as transformers, anisotropic effects should be considered. In the following sections, we give an overview of a macroscopic model which takes into account the magnetic and magnetoelastic anisotropy of the material for both magnetization and magnetostriction computing. Firstly, a comparison between the model results and measurements from a Single Sheet Tester (SST) and values will be shown. Secondly, the model is integrated in a finite elements code to predict magnetostrictive deformation of an in-house test bench which is a stack of 40 sheets glued together by the Vacuum-Pressure Impregnation (VPI) method. Measurements on the test bench and Finite Elements results are presented.

  2. Evaluation of Pressurization Fatigue Life of 1441 Al-li Fuselage Panel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bird, R. Keith; Dicus, Dennis I.; Fridlyander, Joseph; Davydov, Valentin

    1999-01-01

    A study was conducted to evaluate the pressurization fatigue life of fuselage panels with skins fabricated from 1441 Al-Li, an attractive new Russian alloy. The study indicated that 1441 Al-Li has several advantages over conventional aluminum fuselage skin alloy with respect to fatigue behavior. Smooth 1441 Al-Li sheet specimens exhibited a fatigue endurance limit similar to that for 1163 Al (Russian version of 2024 Al) sheet. Notched 1441 Al-Li sheet specimens exhibited greater fatigue strength and longer fatigue life than 1163 Al. In addition, Tu-204 fuselage panels fabricated by Tupolev Design Bureau using Al-Li skin and ring frames with riveted 7000-series aluminum stiffeners had longer pressurization fatigue lives than did panels constructed from conventional aluminum alloys. Taking into account the lower density of this alloy, the results suggest that 1441 Al-Li has the potential to improve fuselage performance while decreasing structural weight.

  3. The influence of ice sheets on temperature during the past 38 million years inferred from a one-dimensional ice sheet-climate model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stap, Lennert B.; van de Wal, Roderik S. W.; de Boer, Bas; Bintanja, Richard; Lourens, Lucas J.

    2017-09-01

    Since the inception of the Antarctic ice sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition (˜ 34 Myr ago), land ice has played a crucial role in Earth's climate. Through feedbacks in the climate system, land ice variability modifies atmospheric temperature changes induced by orbital, topographical, and greenhouse gas variations. Quantification of these feedbacks on long timescales has hitherto scarcely been undertaken. In this study, we use a zonally averaged energy balance climate model bidirectionally coupled to a one-dimensional ice sheet model, capturing the ice-albedo and surface-height-temperature feedbacks. Potentially important transient changes in topographic boundary conditions by tectonics and erosion are not taken into account but are briefly discussed. The relative simplicity of the coupled model allows us to perform integrations over the past 38 Myr in a fully transient fashion using a benthic oxygen isotope record as forcing to inversely simulate CO2. Firstly, we find that the results of the simulations over the past 5 Myr are dependent on whether the model run is started at 5 or 38 Myr ago. This is because the relation between CO2 and temperature is subject to hysteresis. When the climate cools from very high CO2 levels, as in the longer transient 38 Myr run, temperatures in the lower CO2 range of the past 5 Myr are higher than when the climate is initialised at low temperatures. Consequently, the modelled CO2 concentrations depend on the initial state. Taking the realistic warm initialisation into account, we come to a best estimate of CO2, temperature, ice-volume-equivalent sea level, and benthic δ18O over the past 38 Myr. Secondly, we study the influence of ice sheets on the evolution of global temperature and polar amplification by comparing runs with ice sheet-climate interaction switched on and off. By passing only albedo or surface height changes to the climate model, we can distinguish the separate effects of the ice-albedo and surface-height-temperature feedbacks. We find that ice volume variability has a strong enhancing effect on atmospheric temperature changes, particularly in the regions where the ice sheets are located. As a result, polar amplification in the Northern Hemisphere decreases towards warmer climates as there is little land ice left to melt. Conversely, decay of the Antarctic ice sheet increases polar amplification in the Southern Hemisphere in the high-CO2 regime. Our results also show that in cooler climates than the pre-industrial, the ice-albedo feedback predominates the surface-height-temperature feedback, while in warmer climates they are more equal in strength.

  4. Using Diffusion Bonding in Making Piezoelectric Actuators

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sager, Frank E.

    2003-01-01

    A technique for the fabrication of piezoelectric actuators that generate acceptably large forces and deflections at relatively low applied voltages involves the stacking and diffusion bonding of multiple thin piezoelectric layers coated with film electrodes. The present technique stands in contrast to an older technique in which the layers are bonded chemically, by use of urethane or epoxy agents. The older chemical-bonding technique entails several disadvantages, including the following: It is difficult to apply the bonding agents to the piezoelectric layers. It is difficult to position the layers accurately and without making mistakes. There is a problem of disposal of hazardous urethane and epoxy wastes. The urethane and epoxy agents are nonpiezoelectric materials. As such, they contribute to the thickness of a piezoelectric laminate without contributing to its performance; conversely, for a given total thickness, the performance of the laminate is below that of a unitary piezoelectric plate of the same thickness. The figure depicts some aspects of the fabrication of a laminated piezoelectric actuator by the present diffusion- bonding technique. First, stock sheets of the piezoelectric material are inspected and tested. Next, the hole pattern shown in the figure is punched into the sheets. Alternatively, if the piezoelectric material is not a polymer, then the holes are punched in thermoplastic films. Then both faces of each punched piezoelectric sheet or thermoplastic film are coated with a silver-ink electrode material by use of a silkscreen printer. The electrode and hole patterns are designed for minimal complexity and minimal waste of material. After a final electrical test, all the coated piezoelectric layers (or piezoelectric layers and coated thermoplastic films) are stacked in an alignment jig, which, in turn, is placed in a curved press for the diffusion-bonding process. In this process, the stack is pressed and heated at a specified curing temperature and pressure for a specified curing time. The pressure, temperature, and time depend on the piezoelectric material selected. At the end of the diffusion-bonding process, the resulting laminated piezoelectric actuator is tested to verify the adequacy of the mechanical output as a function of an applied DC voltage.

  5. Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Graphene Macrostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Supercapacitors.

    PubMed

    Xu, Yuxi; Shi, Gaoquan; Duan, Xiangfeng

    2015-06-16

    Graphene and its derivatives are versatile building blocks for bottom-up assembly of advanced functional materials. In particular, with exceptionally large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and superior chemical/electrochemical stability, graphene represents the ideal material for various electrochemical energy storage devices including supercapacitors. However, due to the strong π-π interaction between graphene sheets, the graphene flakes tend to restack to form graphite-like powders when they are processed into practical electrode materials, which can greatly reduce the specific surface area and lead to inefficient utilization of the graphene layers for electrochemical energy storage. The self-assembly of two-dimensional graphene sheets into three-dimensional (3D) framework structures can largely retain the unique properties of individual graphene sheets and has recently garnered intense interest for fundamental investigations and potential applications in diverse technologies. In this Account, we review the recent advances in preparing 3D graphene macrostructures and exploring them as a unique platform for supercapacitor applications. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which reduction of a graphene oxide dispersion above a certain critical concentration can induce the reduced graphene oxide sheets to cross-link with each other via partial π-π stacking interactions to form a 3D interconnected porous macrostructure. Multiple reduction strategies, including hydrothermal/solvothermal reduction, chemical reduction, and electrochemical reduction, have been developed for the preparation of 3D graphene macrostructures. The versatile synthetic strategies allow for easy incorporation of heteroatoms, carbon nanomaterials, functional polymers, and inorganic nanostructures into the macrostructures to yield diverse composites with tailored structures and properties. We then summarize the applications of the 3D graphene macrostructures for high-performance supercapacitors. With a unique framework structure in which the graphene sheets are interlocked in 3D space to prevent their restacking, the graphene macrostructures feature very high specific surface areas, rapid electron and ion transport, and superior mechanical strength. They can thus be directly used as supercapacitor electrodes with excellent specific capacitances, rate capabilities, and cycling stabilities. We finally discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field. By regarding the graphene as both a single-atom-thick carbon sheet and a conjugated macromolecule, our work opens a new avenue to bottom-up self-assembly of graphene macromolecule sheets into functional 3D graphene macrostructures with remarkable electrochemical performances. We hope that this Account will promote further efforts toward fundamental investigation of graphene self-assembly and the development of advanced 3D graphene materials for their real-world applications in electrochemical energy storage devices and beyond.

  6. 14 CFR 5 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] Section 5 Section Section 5 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS Balance Sheet Classifications Section 5 [Reserved...

  7. Delivery of antagomiR204-conjugated gold nanoparticles from PLGA sheets and its implication in promoting osseointegration of titanium implant in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xiangwei; Tan, Naiwen; Zhou, Yuchao; Wei, Hongbo; Ren, Shuai; Yu, Fan; Chen, Hui; Jia, Chengming; Yang, Guodong; Song, Yingliang

    2017-01-01

    Impaired osseointegration of the implant remains the big hurdle for dental implant therapy in diabetic patients. In this study, the authors first identified that miR204 was strikingly highly expressed in the bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of diabetic rats. Forced expression of miR204 repressed the osteogenic potential of BMSCs, while inhibition of miR204 significantly increased the osteogenic capacity. Moreover, the miR204 inhibitor was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP-antagomiR204) and dispersed them in the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution. The AuNP-antagomiR204 containing PLGA solution was applied for coating the surface of titanium implant. Electron microscope revealed that an ultrathin sheet was formed on the surface of the implant, and the AuNPs were evenly dispersed in the coated PLGA sheet. Cellular experiments revealed that these encapsulated AuNP-antagomiR204 were able to be released from the PLGA sheet and uptaken by adherent BMSCs. In vivo animal study further confirmed that the AuNP-antagomiR204 released from PLGA sheet promoted osseointegration, as revealed by microcomputerized tomography (microCT) reconstruction and histological assay. Taken together, this study established that miR204 misexpression accounted for the deficient osseointegation in diabetes mellitus, while PLGA sheets aided the release of AuNP-antagomiR204, which would be a promising strategy for titanium implant surface functionalization toward better osseointegration.

  8. Graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite as a promising biocidal agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

    PubMed

    de Moraes, Ana Carolina Mazarin; Lima, Bruna Araujo; de Faria, Andreia Fonseca; Brocchi, Marcelo; Alves, Oswaldo Luiz

    2015-01-01

    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been responsible for serious hospital infections worldwide. Nanomaterials are an alternative to conventional antibiotic compounds, because bacteria are unlikely to develop microbial resistance against nanomaterials. In the past decade, graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a material that is often used to support and stabilize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the preparation of novel antibacterial nanocomposites. In this work, we report the synthesis of the graphene-oxide silver nanocomposite (GO-Ag) and its antibacterial activity against relevant microorganisms in medicine. GO-Ag nanocomposite was synthesized through the reduction of silver ions (Ag(+)) by sodium citrate in an aqueous GO dispersion, and was extensively characterized using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by microdilution assays and time-kill experiments. The morphology of bacterial cells treated with GO-Ag was investigated via transmission electron microscopy. AgNPs were well distributed throughout GO sheets, with an average size of 9.4±2.8 nm. The GO-Ag nanocomposite exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. All (100%) MRSA cells were inactivated after 4 hours of exposure to GO-Ag sheets. In addition, no toxicity was found for either pristine GO or bare AgNPs within the tested concentration range. Transmission electronic microscopy images offered insights into how GO-Ag nanosheets interacted with bacterial cells. Our results indicate that the GO-Ag nanocomposite is a promising antibacterial agent against common nosocomial bacteria, particularly antibiotic-resistant MRSA. Morphological injuries on MRSA cells revealed a likely loss of viability as a result of the direct contact between bacteria and the GO-Ag sheets.

  9. Graphene-Based Functional Architectures: Sheets Regulation and Macrostructure Construction toward Actuators and Power Generators.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Huhu; Huang, Yaxin; Shi, Gaoquan; Jiang, Lan; Qu, Liangti

    2017-07-18

    Graphene, with large delocalized π electron cloud on a two-dimensional (2D) atom-thin plane, possesses excellent carrier mobility, large surface area, high light transparency, high mechanical strength, and superior flexibility. However, the lack of intrinsic band gap, poor dispersibility, and weak reactivity of graphene hinder its application scope. Heteroatom-doping regulation and surface modification of graphene can effectively reconstruct the sp 2 bonded carbon atoms and tailor the surface chemistry and interfacial interaction, while microstructure mediation on graphene can induce the special chemical and physical properties because of the quantum confinement, edge effect, and unusual mass transport process. Based on these regulations on graphene, series of methods and techniques are developed to couple the promising characters of graphene into the macroscopic architectures for potential and practical applications. In this Account, we present our effort on graphene regulation from chemical modification to microstructure control, from the morphology-designed macroassemblies to their applications in functional systems excluding the energy-storage devices. We first introduce the chemically regulative graphene with incorporated heteroatoms into the honeycomb lattice, which could open the intrinsic band gap and provide many active sites. Then the surface modification of graphene with functional components will improve dispersibility, prevent aggregation, and introduce new functions. On the other hand, microstructure mediation on graphene sheets (e.g., 0D quantum dots, 1D nanoribbons, and 2D nanomeshes) is demonstrated to induce special chemical and physical properties. Benefiting from the effective regulation on graphene sheets, diverse methods including dimension-confined strategy, filtration assembly, and hydrothermal treatment have been developed to assemble individual graphene sheets to macroscopic graphene fibers, films, and frameworks. These rationally regulated graphene sheets and well-constructed assemblies present promising applications in energy-conversion materials and device systems focusing on actuators that can convert different energy forms (e.g., electric, chemical, photonic, thermal, etc.) to mechanical actuation and electrical generators that can directly transform environmental energy to electric power. These results reveal that graphene sheets with surface chemistry and microstructure regulations as well as their rationally designed assemblies provide a promising and abundant platform for development of diverse functional devices. We hope that this Account will promote further efforts toward fundamental research on graphene regulation and the wide applications of advanced designed assemblies in new types of energy-conversion materials/devices and beyond.

  10. Modeling MHD Stagnation Point Flow of Thixotropic Fluid with Non-uniform Heat Absorption/Generation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hayat, Tasawar; Shah, Faisal; Khan, Muhammad Ijaz; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Yasmeen, Tabassum

    2017-12-01

    Here magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow by nonlinear stretching sheet is discussed. Variable thickness of sheet is accounted. In addition non-uniform heat generation/absorption concept is retained. Numerical treatment to arising nonlinear system is presented. Shooting procedure is adopted for numerical treatment. Graphs and tables lead to physical description of results. It is observed that skin friction enhances for ( H a) and it decays for different rising values of ( K 1), ( K 2) and ( n). Further temperature gradient increases for higher estimation of (Pr) and decreases for larger ( H a). Major findings of present analysis are presented.

  11. Study of displacements of a bridge abutment using FEM

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wymysłowski, Michał; Kurałowicz, Zygmunt

    2016-06-01

    Steel sheet piles are often used to support excavations for bridge foundations. When they are left in place in the permanent works, they have the potential to increase foundation bearing capacity and reduce displacements; but their presence is not usually taken into account in foundation design. In this article, the results of finite element analysis of a typical abutment foundation, with and without cover of sheet piles, are presented to demonstrate these effects. The structure described is located over the Więceminka river in the town of Kołobrzeg, Poland. It is a single-span road bridge with reinforced concrete slab.

  12. Understanding the copper of the Statue of Liberty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Welter, Jean-Marie

    2006-05-01

    Pierre-Eugène Secrétan, a French copper industrialist, donated the copper sheets for the construction of the skin of the Statue of Liberty when it was built in 1875 1876. It can be inferred from the history of Secrétan's activities that the sheets were rolled in his plant of Sérifontaine. The impurities found in two samples obtained from the U.S. National Park Service show that different qualities of copper were used. They indicate, by taking also into account the commercial relations of Secrétan, that the copper may possibly have come from Spanish or South/North American ore.

  13. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Price, Stephen F.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; Howat, Ian M.; Neumann, Thomas; Saba, Jack; Tezaur, Irina; Guerber, Jeffrey; Chambers, Don P.; Evans, Katherine J.; Kennedy, Joseph H.; Lenaerts, Jan; Lipscomb, William H.; Perego, Mauro; Salinger, Andrew G.; Tuminaro, Raymond S.; van den Broeke, Michiel R.; Nowicki, Sophie M. J.

    2017-01-01

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework - the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CmCt) - that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013, using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative metrics for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin-scale and whole-ice-sheet-scale metrics, we find that simulations using both idealized conceptual models and dynamic, numerical models provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of < 1 m). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CmCt, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate a predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes that have occurred on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CmCt as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation.

  14. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Price, Stephen F.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Bonin, Jennifer A.

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CMCT) that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013 using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quanti- tative metricsmore » for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find 10 that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin- and whole-ice-sheet scale metrics, the model initial condition as well as output from idealized and dynamic models all provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of <1 m). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CMCT, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes occurring on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CMCT as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation.« less

  15. Landforms, sediments and dates to constrain rates and style of marine-influenced ice sheet decay; the BRITICE-CHRONO project.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, Chris

    2014-05-01

    Uncertainty exists regarding the future mass of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and how they will respond to forcings from sea level, and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. If we want to know more about the mechanisms and rate of change of shrinking ice sheets, then why not examine an ice sheet that has fully disappeared and track its retreat through time? If achieved in enough detail such information on ice retreat could be a data-rich playground for improving the next breed of numerical ice sheet models to be used in ice and sea level forecasting. We regard that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet is a good target for this work, on account of its small size, density of information and with its numerous researchers already investigating it. Geomorphological mapping across the British Isles and the surrounding continental shelf has revealed the nature and distribution of glacial landforms. Here we demonstrate how such data have been used to build a pattern of ice margin retreat. The BRITICE-CHRONO consortium of Quaternary scientists and glaciologists, are now working on a project running from 2012 - 2017 to produce an ice sheet wide database of geochronometric dates to constrain and then understand ice margin retreat. This is being achieved by focusing on 8 transects running from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s km) onshore and acquiring marine and terrestrial samples for geochronometric dating. The project includes funding for 587 radiocarbon, 140 OSL and 158 TCN samples for surface exposure dating; with sampling accomplished by two research cruises and 16 fieldwork campaigns. Results will reveal the timing and rate of change of ice margin recession for each transect, and combined with existing landform and dating databases, will be used to build an ice sheet-wide empirical reconstruction of retreat. Simulations using two numerical ice sheet models, fitted against the margin data, will help us understand the nature and significance of sea-level rise and ocean/atmosphere forcing on influencing the rate of retreat and ice sheet demise and the effect that bed topography has in controlling this.

  16. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet

    DOE PAGES

    Price, Stephen F.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; ...

    2017-01-17

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CMCT) that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013 using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quanti- tative metricsmore » for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find 10 that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin- and whole-ice-sheet scale metrics, the model initial condition as well as output from idealized and dynamic models all provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of <1 m). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CMCT, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes occurring on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CMCT as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation.« less

  17. Performance-based readability testing of participant information for a Phase 3 IVF trial

    PubMed Central

    Knapp, Peter; Raynor, DK; Silcock, Jonathan; Parkinson, Brian

    2009-01-01

    Background Studies suggest that the process of patient consent to clinical trials is sub-optimal. Participant information sheets are important but can be technical and lengthy documents. Performance-based readability testing is an established means of assessing patient information, and this study aimed to test its application to participant information for a Phase 3 trial. Methods An independent groups design was used to study the User Testing performance of the participant information sheet from the Phase 3 'Poor Responders' trial of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). 20 members of the public were asked to read it, then find and demonstrate understanding of 21 key aspects of the trial. The participant information sheet was then re-written and re-designed, and tested on 20 members of the public, using the same 21 item questionnaire. Results The original participant information sheet performed well in some places. Participants could not find some answers and some of the found information was not understood. In total there were 30 instances of information being not found or not understood. Answers to three questions were found but not understood by many of the participants, these related to aspects of the drug timing, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and compensation. Only two of the 20 participants could find and show understanding of all question items when using the original sheet. The revised sheet performed generally better, with 17 instances of information being not found or not understood, although the number of 'not found' items increased. Half of the 20 participants could find and show understanding of all question items when using the revised sheet. When asked to compare the versions of the sheet, almost all participants preferred the revised version. Conclusion The original participant information sheet may not have enabled patients fully to give valid consent. Participants seeing the revised sheet were better able to understand the trial. Those who write information for trial participants should take account of good practice in information design. Performance-based User Testing may be a useful method to indicate strengths and weaknesses in trial information. PMID:19723335

  18. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet

    PubMed Central

    Price, Stephen F.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; Howat, Ian M.; Neumann, Thomas; Saba, Jack; Tezaur, Irina; Guerber, Jeffrey; Chambers, Don P.; Evans, Katherine J.; Kennedy, Joseph H.; Lenaerts, Jan; Lipscomb, William H.; Perego, Mauro; Salinger, Andrew G.; Tuminaro, Raymond S.; van den Broeke, Michiel R.; Nowicki, Sophie M. J.

    2018-01-01

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework – the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CmCt) – that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013 using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative metrics for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin- and whole-ice-sheet scale metrics, we find that simulations using both idealized conceptual models and dynamic, numerical models provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of <1 m). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CmCt, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes occurring on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CmCt as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation. PMID:29697704

  19. An Ice Sheet Model Validation Framework for the Greenland Ice Sheet

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Price, Stephen F.; Hoffman, Matthew J.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; Howat, Ian M.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Saba, Jack; Tezaur, Irina; Guerber, Jeffrey R.; Chambers, Don P.; Evans, Katherine J.; hide

    2017-01-01

    We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework - the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CmCt) - that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013, using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative metrics for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin-scale and whole-ice-sheet-scale metrics, we find that simulations using both idealized conceptual models and dynamic, numerical models provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of less than 1 meter). This is likely due to their short period of record, biases inherent to digital elevation models used for model initial conditions, and biases resulting from firn dynamics, which are not explicitly accounted for in the models or observations. On the other hand, we find that the gravimetry observations used here are able to unambiguously distinguish between simulations of varying complexity, and along with the CmCt, can provide a quantitative score for assessing a particular model and/or simulation. The new framework demonstrates that our proposed metrics can distinguish relatively better from relatively worse simulations and that dynamic ice sheet models, when appropriately initialized and forced with the right boundary conditions, demonstrate a predictive skill with respect to observed dynamic changes that have occurred on Greenland over the past few decades. An extensible design will allow for continued use of the CmCt as future altimetry, gravimetry, and other remotely sensed data become available for use in ice sheet model validation.

  20. Adult Competency Education Kit. Basic Skills in Speaking, Math, and Reading for Employment. Part O. ACE Competency Based Job Descriptions: #72--Ward Clerk; #73--Account Clerk; #74--Mail Handler (Messenger); #75--Payroll Clerk.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    San Mateo County Office of Education, Redwood City, CA. Career Preparation Centers.

    This twelfth of fifteen sets of Adult Competency Education (ACE) Based Job Descriptions in the ACE kit contains job descriptions for Ward Clerk, Account Clerk, Mail Handler (Messenger), and Payroll Clerk. Each begins with a fact sheet that includes this information: occupational title, D.O.T. code, ACE number, career ladder, D.O.T. general…

  1. Extensive massive basal-ice structures in West Antarctica relate to ice-sheet anisotropy and ice-flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ross, N.; Bingham, R. G.; Corr, H. F. J.; Siegert, M. J.

    2016-12-01

    Complex structures identified within both the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are thought to be generated by the action of basal water freezing to the ice-sheet base, evolving under ice flow. Here, we use ice-penetrating radar to image an extensive series of similarly complex basal ice facies in West Antarctica, revealing a thick (>500 m) tectonised unit in an area of cold-based and relatively slow-flowing ice. We show that major folding and overturning of the unit perpendicular to ice flow elevates deep, warm ice into the mid ice-sheet column. Fold axes align with present ice flow, and axis amplitudes increase down-ice, suggesting long-term consistency in the direction and convergence of flow. In the absence of basal water, and the draping of the tectonised unit over major subglacial mountain ranges, the formation of the unit must be solely through the deformation of meteoric ice. Internal layer radar reflectivity is consistently greater parallel to flow compared with the perpendicular direction, revealing ice-sheet crystal anisotropy is associated with the folding. By linking layers to the Byrd ice-core site, we show the basal ice dates to at least the last glacial cycle and may be as old as the last interglacial. Deformation of deep-ice in this sector of WAIS, and potentially elsewhere in Antarctica, may be caused by differential shearing at interglacial-glacial boundaries, in a process analogous to that proposed for interior Greenland. The scale and heterogeneity of the englacial structures, and their subsequent impact on ice sheet rheology, means that the nature of ice flow across the bulk of West Antarctica must be far more complex that is currently accounted for by any numerical ice sheet model.

  2. Melt-induced speed-up of Greenland ice sheet offset by efficient subglacial drainage.

    PubMed

    Sundal, Aud Venke; Shepherd, Andrew; Nienow, Peter; Hanna, Edward; Palmer, Steven; Huybrechts, Philippe

    2011-01-27

    Fluctuations in surface melting are known to affect the speed of glaciers and ice sheets, but their impact on the Greenland ice sheet in a warming climate remains uncertain. Although some studies suggest that greater melting produces greater ice-sheet acceleration, others have identified a long-term decrease in Greenland's flow despite increased melting. Here we use satellite observations of ice motion recorded in a land-terminating sector of southwest Greenland to investigate the manner in which ice flow develops during years of markedly different melting. Although peak rates of ice speed-up are positively correlated with the degree of melting, mean summer flow rates are not, because glacier slowdown occurs, on average, when a critical run-off threshold of about 1.4 centimetres a day is exceeded. In contrast to the first half of summer, when flow is similar in all years, speed-up during the latter half is 62 ± 16 per cent less in warmer years. Consequently, in warmer years, the period of fast ice flow is three times shorter and, overall, summer ice flow is slower. This behaviour is at odds with that expected from basal lubrication alone. Instead, it mirrors that of mountain glaciers, where melt-induced acceleration of flow ceases during years of high melting once subglacial drainage becomes efficient. A model of ice-sheet flow that captures switching between cavity and channel drainage modes is consistent with the run-off threshold, fast-flow periods, and later-summer speeds we have observed. Simulations of the Greenland ice-sheet flow under climate warming scenarios should account for the dynamic evolution of subglacial drainage; a simple model of basal lubrication alone misses key aspects of the ice sheet's response to climate warming.

  3. Tropical tales of polar ice: evidence of Last Interglacial polar ice sheet retreat recorded by fossil reefs of the granitic Seychelles islands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dutton, Andrea; Webster, Jody M.; Zwartz, Dan; Lambeck, Kurt; Wohlfarth, Barbara

    2015-01-01

    In the search for a record of eustatic sea level change on glacial-interglacial timescales, the Seychelles ranks as one of the best places on the planet to study. Owing to its location with respect to the former margins of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets that wax and wane on orbital cycles, the local-or relative-sea level history is predicted to lie within a few meters of the globally averaged eustatic signal during the Last Interglacial period. We have surveyed and dated Last Interglacial fossil corals to ascertain peak sea level and hence infer maximum retreat of polar ice sheets during this time interval. We observe a pattern of gradually rising sea level in the Seychelles between ˜129 and 125 thousand years ago (ka), with peak eustatic sea level attained after 125 ka at 7.6 ± 1.7 m higher than present. After accounting for thermal expansion and loss of mountain glaciers, this sea-level budget would require ˜5-8 m of polar ice sheet contribution, relative to today's volume, of which only ˜2 m came from the Greenland ice sheet. This result clearly identifies the Antarctic ice sheet as a significant source of melt water, most likely derived from one of the unstable, marine-based sectors in the West and/or East Antarctic ice sheet. Furthermore, the establishment of a +5.9 ± 1.7 m eustatic sea level position by 128.6 ± 0.8 ka would require that partial AIS collapse was coincident with the onset of the sea level highstand.

  4. 18 CFR 356.3 - Preservation of records for oil pipeline companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Accounting 7. Ledgers. 8. Journals. 9. Vouchers. 10. Accounts receivable. 11. Records of accounting codes and... management, accounting, financial or legal service, and agreements with agents 3 years after expiration or... other long-term credit agreements 6 years after redemption. Financial Accounting 7. Ledgers: (a) General...

  5. 18 CFR 356.3 - Preservation of records for oil pipeline companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Accounting 7. Ledgers. 8. Journals. 9. Vouchers. 10. Accounts receivable. 11. Records of accounting codes and... management, accounting, financial or legal service, and agreements with agents 3 years after expiration or... and invoices, except as otherwise provided herein 5 years. 10. Accounts receivable, record, or...

  6. 18 CFR 356.3 - Preservation of records for oil pipeline companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Accounting 7. Ledgers. 8. Journals. 9. Vouchers. 10. Accounts receivable. 11. Records of accounting codes and... management, accounting, financial or legal service, and agreements with agents 3 years after expiration or... and invoices, except as otherwise provided herein 5 years. 10. Accounts receivable, record, or...

  7. 18 CFR 356.3 - Preservation of records for oil pipeline companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Accounting 7. Ledgers. 8. Journals. 9. Vouchers. 10. Accounts receivable. 11. Records of accounting codes and... management, accounting, financial or legal service, and agreements with agents 3 years after expiration or... and invoices, except as otherwise provided herein 5 years. 10. Accounts receivable, record, or...

  8. 47 CFR 32.4070 - Income taxes-accrued.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Income taxes-accrued. 32.4070 Section 32.4070... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4070 Income taxes... credited with the offsetting amount of current year income taxes (Federal, state and local) accrued during...

  9. Student Perspectives of Grading in Physical Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhu, Xihe

    2015-01-01

    Recent state and federal legislations on educational accountability push evaluation and grading to the frontline. This study examined students' perspectives of grading in physical education. The participants included students (N = 39) from two middle schools. Data were collected through observation, student profile grading sheets and interviews.…

  10. 75 FR 62157 - Dolby Laboratories, Inc.; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-07

    ... with the Commission, press releases, marketing materials, and website that it is engaged in the... 388 employees in sales and marketing, 421 employees in products and technology (including 345... sheet as it is not treated as an asset under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Dolby also states...

  11. 47 CFR 32.1120 - Cash and equivalents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cash and equivalents. 32.1120 Section 32.1120... FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.1120 Cash and... cash on special deposit, other than in sinking and other special funds provided for elsewhere, to pay...

  12. Porous Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nano-sheets for supercapacitors: Facile synthesis and excellent rate performance at high mass loadings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Mingjie; Cui, Mangwei; Kang, Litao; Li, Taotao; Yun, Shan; Du, Jing; Xu, Shoudong; Liu, Ying

    2018-01-01

    For supercapacitors, pores in electrode materials can accelerate chemical reaction kinetics by shortening ion diffusion distances and by enlarging electrolyte/electrode interfaces. This article describes a simple one-step route for the preparation of pure-phase porous Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nano-sheets by directly heating a mild Ni(NO3)2 and urea solution. During heating, urea decomposed into NH3·H2O, which provided a suitable alkaline environment for the formation of Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nano-sheets. Meanwhile, the side product, NH4NO3, created numerous pores as a pore-forming agent. After NH4NO3 removal, the specific surface areas and pore volumes of products were boosted by ∼180-times (from 0.61 to 113.12 m2/g) and ∼90-times (from 3.40 × 10-3 to 3.17 × 10-1 m2/g), respectively. As a cathode material of supercapacitor, the porous Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nano-sheets exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1094 F/g at an ultrahigh mass loading of 17.55 mg/cm2, leading to an impressive areal capacitance of 19.2 F/cm2. Furthermore, a Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nano-sheet//commercial active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor was constructed and delivered an energy density of 33.2 Wh/Kg at a power density of 190.5 W/Kg, based on the mass of active materials on both electrodes.

  13. Electromagnetically Clean Solar Arrays

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stem, Theodore G.; Kenniston, Anthony E.

    2008-01-01

    The term 'electromagnetically clean solar array' ('EMCSA') refers to a panel that contains a planar array of solar photovoltaic cells and that, in comparison with a functionally equivalent solar-array panel of a type heretofore used on spacecraft, (1) exhibits less electromagnetic interferences to and from other nearby electrical and electronic equipment and (2) can be manufactured at lower cost. The reduction of electromagnetic interferences is effected through a combination of (1) electrically conductive, electrically grounded shielding and (2) reduction of areas of current loops (in order to reduce magnetic moments). The reduction of cost is effected by designing the array to be fabricated as a more nearly unitary structure, using fewer components and fewer process steps. Although EMCSAs were conceived primarily for use on spacecraft they are also potentially advantageous for terrestrial applications in which there are requirements to limit electromagnetic interference. In a conventional solar panel of the type meant to be supplanted by an EMCSA panel, the wiring is normally located on the back side, separated from the cells, thereby giving rise to current loops having significant areas and, consequently, significant magnetic moments. Current-loop geometries are chosen in an effort to balance opposing magnetic moments to limit far-0field magnetic interactions, but the relatively large distances separating current loops makes full cancellation of magnetic fields problematic. The panel is assembled from bare photovoltaic cells by means of multiple sensitive process steps that contribute significantly to cost, especially if electomagnetic cleanliness is desired. The steps include applying a cover glass and electrical-interconnect-cell (CIC) sub-assemble, connecting the CIC subassemblies into strings of series-connected cells, laying down and adhesively bonding the strings onto a panel structure that has been made in a separate multi-step process, and mounting the wiring on the back of the panel. Each step increases the potential for occurrence of latent defects, loss of process control, and attrition of components. An EMCSA panel includes an integral cover made from a transparent material. The silicone cover supplants the individual cover glasses on the cells and serves as an additional unitary structural support that offers the advantage, relative to glass, of the robust, forgiving nature of the silcone material. The cover contains pockets that hold the solar cells in place during the lamination process. The cover is coated with indium tin oxide to make its surface electrically conductive, so that it serves as a contiguous, electrically grounded shield over the entire panel surface. The cells are mounted in proximity to metallic printed wiring. The painted-wiring layer comprises metal-film traces on a sheet of Kapton (or equivalent) polyimide. The traces include contact pads on one side of the sheet for interconnecting the cells. Return leads are on the opposite side of the sheet, positioned to form the return currents substantially as mirror images of, and in proximity to, the cell sheet currents, thereby minimizing magnetic moments. The printed-wiring arrangement mimics the back-wiring arrangement of conventional solar arrays, but the current-loop areas and the resulting magnetic moments are much smaller because the return-current paths are much closer to the solar-cell sheet currents. The contact pads are prepared with solder fo electrical and mechanical bonding to the cells. The pocketed cover/shield, the solar cells, the printed-wiring layer, an electrical bonding agent, a mechanical-bonding agent, a composite structural front-side face sheet, an aluminum honeycomb core, and a composite back-side face sheet are all assembled, then contact pads are soldered to the cells and the agents are cured in a single lamination process.

  14. Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Defense Program, Annual Report to Congress, March 2005

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-03-01

    nerve agents ( GA , GB, GD, and GF), V type nerve agents , and H (mustard) type blister agents . M8 paper can identify agents through...The M21 RSCAAL is an automatic scanning, passive infrared sensor that detects nerve ( GA , GB, and GD) and blister (H and L) agent vapor clouds...Chief of Staff for Programs GA – tabun, a nerve agent GAO – General Accounting Office GB – sarin, a nerve agent GD – soman, a nerve

  15. Aggregate age-at-marriage patterns from individual mate-search heuristics.

    PubMed

    Todd, Peter M; Billari, Francesco C; Simão, Jorge

    2005-08-01

    The distribution of age at first marriage shows well-known strong regularities across many countries and recent historical periods. We accounted for these patterns by developing agent-based models that simulate the aggregate behavior of individuals who are searching for marriage partners. Past models assumed fully rational agents with complete knowledge of the marriage market; our simulated agents used psychologically plausible simple heuristic mate search rules that adjust aspiration levels on the basis of a sequence of encounters with potential partners. Substantial individual variation must be included in the models to account for the demographically observed age-at-marriage patterns.

  16. Layer-by-Layer Assembled Architecture of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Graphene Sheets on Hollow Carbon Spheres/Sulfur Composite for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

    PubMed

    Wu, Feng; Li, Jian; Su, Yuefeng; Wang, Jing; Yang, Wen; Li, Ning; Chen, Lai; Chen, Shi; Chen, Renjie; Bao, Liying

    2016-09-14

    In the present work, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) and graphene sheets are applied to sequentially coat on the surface of hollow carbon spheres/sulfur composite by a flexible layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly strategy. Owing to the strong electrostatic interactions between the opposite charged materials, the coating agents are very stable and the coating procedure is highly efficient. The LBL film shows prominent impact on the stability of the cathode by acting as not only a basic physical barrier, and more importantly, an ion-permselective film to block the polysulfides anions by Coulombic repulsion. Furthermore, the graphene sheets can help to stabilize the polyelectrolytes film and greatly reduce the inner resistance of the electrode by changing the transport of the electrons from a "point-to-point" mode to a more effective "plane-to-point'' mode. On the basis of the synergistic effect of the PEMs and graphene sheets, the fabricated composite electrode exhibits very stable cycling stability for over 200 cycles at 1 A g(-1), along with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99%. With the advantages of rapid and controllable fabrication of the LBL coating film, the multifunctional architecture developed in this study should inspire the design of other lithium-sulfur cathodes with unique physical and chemical properties.

  17. Engaging women with an embodied conversational agent to deliver mindfulness and lifestyle recommendations: A feasibility randomized control trial.

    PubMed

    Gardiner, Paula M; McCue, Kelly D; Negash, Lily M; Cheng, Teresa; White, Laura F; Yinusa-Nyahkoon, Leanne; Jack, Brian W; Bickmore, Timothy W

    2017-09-01

    This randomized controlled trial evaluates the feasibility of using an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) to teach lifestyle modifications to urban women. Women were randomized to either 1) an ECA (content included: mindfulness, stress management, physical activity, and healthy eating) or 2) patient education sheets mirroring same content plus a meditation CD/MP3 once a day for one month. General outcome measures included: number of stress management techniques used, physical activity levels, and eating patterns. Sixty-one women ages 18 to 50 were enrolled. On average, 51% identified as white, 26% as black, 23% as other races; and 20% as Hispanic. The major stress management techniques reported at baseline were: exercise (69%), listening to music (70%), and social support (66%). After one month, women randomized to the ECA significantly decreased alcohol consumption to reduce stress (p=0.03) and increased daily fruit consumption by an average of 2 servings compared to the control (p=0.04). It is feasible to use an ECA to promote health behaviors on stress management and healthy eating among diverse urban women. Compared to patient information sheets, ECAs provide promise as a way to teach healthy lifestyle behaviors to diverse urban women. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. KEEPING THE BOOKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS: AN EMERGY ANALYSIS OF WEST VIRGINIA

    EPA Science Inventory

    Emergy provides a general accounting mechanism that allows us to view the economy and the environment on the same income statement and balance sheet. This allows an auditor to verify the economic picture by checking it against a more complete representation of the flows and stora...

  19. AN EMERGY AUDIT OF WEST VIRGINIA: STRENGTHS AND VULNERABILITIES

    EPA Science Inventory

    Emergy provides a general accounting mechanism that allows us to view the economy of humanity and the economy of nature on the same income and balance sheets. In this manner we can verify the financial picture given by economic analysis by checking it against a similar represen...

  20. Numerical Study of Head/Helmet Interaction Due to Blast Loading

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-01

    unidirectional laminate sheets. The MAT_162 material model in LS-DYNA is used to account for the effects of strain rate and strain softening after damage...C., Tan V., Lee H., 2008, “Ballistic Impact of a KEVLAR Helmet: Experimental and Simulations”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35, pp

  1. Training Costs with Reference to the Industrial Training Act.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garbutt, Douglas

    Provisions and implications of the British Industrial Training Act of 1964 (including the system of training grants and levies) are set forth. Procedures for accounting and budgeting for training costs, routines for collecting training information, documents (budgets, cost sheets, control statements) for collecting and controlling costs, means of…

  2. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : third quarter : [2009

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  3. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : second quarter : [2013

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  4. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : second quarter : [2012

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  5. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2011

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  6. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2013

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  7. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : first quarter : [2012

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  8. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : third quarter : [2010

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  9. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : first quarter : [2011

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  10. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : third quarter : [2008

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  11. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : first quarter : [2013

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  12. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : second quarter : [2010

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  13. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : first quarter : [2010

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  14. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : first quarter : [2014

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  15. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : first quarter : [2009

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  16. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2010

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  17. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : third quarter : [2011

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  18. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : third quarter : [2013

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  19. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : second quarter : [2011

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  20. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2008

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  1. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : third quarter : [2012

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  2. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2009

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  3. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of US Air Carriers : fourth quarter : [2012

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  4. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : second quarter : [2009

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  5. Data Bank 10 - Form 41 Financial Schedules of U.S. Air Carriers : second quarter : [2008

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-01-01

    This CD presents financial data for large certificated U.S. carriers. Schedule B-1 presents the balance sheets of the carrier's accounting reports. Schedules P-1 and P-6 contain profit and loss data (income and expense items) for the carrier's operat...

  6. Cost Control. Michigan School Food Service Training Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Cooperative Extension Service.

    Cost control is the subject of this eight-lesson, three-test food service training manual. Lesson 1 deals with financial accountability and includes 17 handouts, ranging from sample balance to quarterly report sheets. Lesson 2 focuses on budgeting principles, and lesson 3 on labor controls. Professional purchasing, receiving, and inventorying…

  7. Modeling Geoelectric Fields and Geomagnetically Induced Currents Around New Zealand to Explore GIC in the South Island's Electrical Transmission Network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Divett, T.; Ingham, M.; Beggan, C. D.; Richardson, G. S.; Rodger, C. J.; Thomson, A. W. P.; Dalzell, M.

    2017-10-01

    Transformers in New Zealand's South Island electrical transmission network have been impacted by geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during geomagnetic storms. We explore the impact of GIC on this network by developing a thin-sheet conductance (TSC) model for the region, a geoelectric field model, and a GIC network model. (The TSC is composed of a thin-sheet conductance map with underlying layered resistivity structure.) Using modeling approaches that have been successfully used in the United Kingdom and Ireland, we applied a thin-sheet model to calculate the electric field as a function of magnetic field and ground conductance. We developed a TSC model based on magnetotelluric surveys, geology, and bathymetry, modified to account for offshore sediments. Using this representation, the thin sheet model gave good agreement with measured impedance vectors. Driven by a spatially uniform magnetic field variation, the thin-sheet model results in electric fields dominated by the ocean-land boundary with effects due to the deep ocean and steep terrain. There is a strong tendency for the electric field to align northwest-southeast, irrespective of the direction of the magnetic field. Applying this electric field to a GIC network model, we show that modeled GIC are dominated by northwest-southeast transmission lines rather than east-west lines usually assumed to dominate.

  8. The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) - Part 1: Model description

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winkelmann, R.; Martin, M. A.; Haseloff, M.; Albrecht, T.; Bueler, E.; Khroulev, C.; Levermann, A.

    2011-09-01

    We present the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), developed at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research to be used for simulations of large-scale ice sheet-shelf systems. It is derived from the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (Bueler and Brown, 2009). Velocities are calculated by superposition of two shallow stress balance approximations within the entire ice covered region: the shallow ice approximation (SIA) is dominant in grounded regions and accounts for shear deformation parallel to the geoid. The plug-flow type shallow shelf approximation (SSA) dominates the velocity field in ice shelf regions and serves as a basal sliding velocity in grounded regions. Ice streams can be identified diagnostically as regions with a significant contribution of membrane stresses to the local momentum balance. All lateral boundaries in PISM-PIK are free to evolve, including the grounding line and ice fronts. Ice shelf margins in particular are modeled using Neumann boundary conditions for the SSA equations, reflecting a hydrostatic stress imbalance along the vertical calving face. The ice front position is modeled using a subgrid-scale representation of calving front motion (Albrecht et al., 2011) and a physically-motivated calving law based on horizontal spreading rates. The model is tested in experiments from the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP). A dynamic equilibrium simulation of Antarctica under present-day conditions is presented in Martin et al. (2011).

  9. Robust Design of Sheet Metal Forming Process Based on Kriging Metamodel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xie, Yanmin

    2011-08-01

    Nowadays, sheet metal forming processes design is not a trivial task due to the complex issues to be taken into account (conflicting design goals, complex shapes forming and so on). Optimization methods have also been widely applied in sheet metal forming. Therefore, proper design methods to reduce time and costs have to be developed mostly based on computer aided procedures. At the same time, the existence of variations during manufacturing processes significantly may influence final product quality, rendering non-robust optimal solutions. In this paper, a small size of design of experiments is conducted to investigate how a stochastic behavior of noise factors affects drawing quality. The finite element software (LS_DYNA) is used to simulate the complex sheet metal stamping processes. The Kriging metamodel is adopted to map the relation between input process parameters and part quality. Robust design models for sheet metal forming process integrate adaptive importance sampling with Kriging model, in order to minimize impact of the variations and achieve reliable process parameters. In the adaptive sample, an improved criterion is used to provide direction in which additional training samples can be added to better the Kriging model. Nonlinear functions as test functions and a square stamping example (NUMISHEET'93) are employed to verify the proposed method. Final results indicate application feasibility of the aforesaid method proposed for multi-response robust design.

  10. Experimental investigation of the stability of a moving radial liquid sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paramati, Manjula; Tirumkudulu, Mahesh

    2013-11-01

    Experiments were conducted to understand the stability of moving radial liquid sheets formed by the head-on impingement of two co-linear water jets using laser induced fluorescence technique (LIF). Acoustic sinusoidal fluctuations were introduced at the jet impingement point and we measured the displacement of the center line of the liquid sheet (sinuous mode) and the thickness variation (varicose mode) of the disturbed liquid sheet. Our experiments show that the sinuous disturbances grow as they are convected outward in the radial direction even in the smooth regime (We < 800). In the absence of the acoustic forcing, the measured thickness has the expected 1/r dependence. Interestingly, we were unable to detect any thickness variation about the pre-stimulus values in the presence of acoustic forcing suggesting that the variation in the thickness is lower than the resolution of the technique (+/- 1 μm). The growth rates of the sinuous mode determined from the wave envelope matches with the prediction of a recent theory by Tirumkudulu and Paramati (Communicated to Phys. Of Fluids, 2013) which accounts for the inertia of the liquid phase and the surface tension force in a radial liquid sheet while neglecting the inertial effects due to the surrounding gas phase. The authors acknowledge the financial assistance from Indo-French Center for Pro- motion of Advanced Research and also Indian institute of technology Bombay.

  11. Sea-level response to abrupt ocean warming of Antarctic ice shelves

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pattyn, Frank

    2016-04-01

    Antarctica's contribution to global sea-level rise increases steadily. A fundamental question remains whether the ice discharge will lead to marine ice sheet instability (MISI) and collapse of certain sectors of the ice sheet or whether ice loss will increase linearly with the warming trends. Therefore, we employ a newly developed ice sheet model of the Antarctic ice sheet, called f.ETISh (fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model) to simulate ice sheet response to abrupt perturbations in ocean and atmospheric temperature. The f.ETISh model is a vertically integrated hybrid (SSA/SIA) ice sheet model including ice shelves. Although vertically integrated, thermomechanical coupling is ensured through a simplified representation of ice sheet thermodynamics based on an analytical solution of the vertical temperature profile, including strain heating and horizontal advection. The marine boundary is represented by a flux condition either coherent with power-law basal sliding (Pollard & Deconto (2012) based on Schoof (2007)) or according to Coulomb basal friction (Tsai et al., 2015), both taking into account ice-shelf buttressing. Model initialization is based on optimization of the basal friction field. Besides the traditional MISMIP tests, new tests with respect to MISI in plan-view models have been devised. The model is forced with stepwise ocean and atmosphere temperature perturbations. The former is based on a parametrised sub-shelf melt (limited to ice shelves), while the latter is based on present-day mass balance/surface temperature and corrected for elevation changes. Surface melting is introduced using a PDD model. Results show a general linear response in mass loss to ocean warming. Nonlinear response due to MISI occurs under specific conditions and is highly sensitive to the basal conditions near the grounding line, governed by both the initial conditions and the basal sliding/deformation model. The Coulomb friction model leads to significantly higher sensitivity compared to power-law sliding. On longer time scales, West-antarctic inter-basin connections favor nonlinear response.

  12. Modelling large-scale ice-sheet-climate interactions at the last glacial inception

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Browne, O. J. H.; Gregory, J. M.; Payne, A. J.; Ridley, J. K.; Rutt, I. C.

    2010-05-01

    In order to investigate the interactions between coevolving climate and ice-sheets on multimillenial timescales, a low-resolution atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) has been coupled to a three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model. We use the FAMOUS AOGCM, which is almost identical in formulation to the widely used HadCM3 AOGCM, but on account of its lower resolution (7.5° longitude × 5° latitude in the atmosphere, 3.75°× 2.5° in the ocean) it runs about ten times faster. We use the community ice-sheet model Glimmer at 20 km resolution, with the shallow ice approximation and an annual degree-day scheme for surface mass balance. With the FAMOUS-Glimmer coupled model, we have simulated the growth of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets at the last glacial inception, under constant orbital forcing and atmospheric composition for 116 ka BP. Ice grows in both regions, totalling 5.8 m of sea-level equivalent in 10 ka, slower than proxy records suggest. Positive climate feedbacks reinforce this growth at local scales (order hundreds of kilometres), where changes are an order of magnitude larger than on the global average. The albedo feedback (higher local albedo means a cooler climate) is important in the initial expansion of the ice-sheet area. The topography feedback (higher surface means a cooler climate) affects ice-sheet thickness and is not noticeable for the first 1 ka. These two feedbacks reinforce each other. Without them, the ice volume is ~90% less after 10 ka. In Laurentia, ice expands initially on the Canadian Arctic islands. The glaciation of the islands eventually cools the nearby mainland climate sufficiently to produce a positive mass balance there. Adjacent to the ice-sheets, cloud feedbacks tend to reduce the surface mass balance and restrain ice growth; this is an example of a local feedback whose simulation requires a model that includes detailed atmospheric physics.

  13. Assessing the Impact of Laurentide Ice-sheet Topography on Glacial Climate

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ullman, D. J.; LeGrande, A. N.; Carlson, A. E.; Anslow, F. S.; Licciardi, J. M.

    2014-01-01

    Simulations of past climates require altered boundary conditions to account for known shifts in the Earth system. For the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation, the existence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets caused profound changes in surface topography and albedo. While ice-sheet extent is fairly well known, numerous conflicting reconstructions of ice-sheet topography suggest that precision in this boundary condition is lacking. Here we use a high-resolution and oxygen-isotopeenabled fully coupled global circulation model (GCM) (GISS ModelE2-R), along with two different reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) that provide maximum and minimum estimates of LIS elevation, to assess the range of climate variability in response to uncertainty in this boundary condition.We present this comparison at two equilibrium time slices: the LGM, when differences in ice-sheet topography are maximized, and 14 ka, when differences in maximum ice-sheet height are smaller but still exist. Overall, we find significant differences in the climate response to LIS topography, with the larger LIS resulting in enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and warmer surface air temperatures, particularly over northeastern Asia and the North Pacific. These up- and downstream effects are associated with differences in the development of planetary waves in the upper atmosphere, with the larger LIS resulting in a weaker trough over northeastern Asia that leads to the warmer temperatures and decreased albedo from snow and sea-ice cover. Differences between the 14 ka simulations are similar in spatial extent but smaller in magnitude, suggesting that climate is responding primarily to the larger difference in maximum LIS elevation in the LGM simulations. These results suggest that such uncertainty in ice-sheet boundary conditions alone may significantly impact the results of paleoclimate simulations and their ability to successfully simulate past climates, with implications for estimating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing utilizing past climate states.

  14. BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rates and style of marine-influenced ice sheet decay to provide a data-rich playground for ice sheet modellers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, Chris

    2014-05-01

    Uncertainty exists regarding the fate of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and how they will respond to forcings from sea level and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. If we want to know more about the mechanisms and rate of change of shrinking ice sheets, then why not examine an ice sheet that has fully disappeared and track its retreat through time? If achieved in enough detail such information could become a data-rich playground for improving the next breed of numerical ice sheet models to be used in ice and sea level forecasting. We regard that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet is a good target for this work, on account of its small size, density of information and with its numerous researchers already investigating it. BRITICE-CHRONO is a large (>45 researchers) NERC-funded consortium project comprising Quaternary scientists and glaciologists who will search the seafloor around Britain and Ireland and parts of the landmass in order to find and extract samples of sand, rock and organic matter that can be dated (OSL; Cosmogenic; 14C) to reveal the timing and rate of change of the collapsing British-Irish Ice Sheet. The purpose is to produce a high resolution dataset on the demise on an ice sheet - from the continental shelf edge and across the marine to terrestrial transition. Some 800 new date assessments will be added to those that already exist. This poster reports on the hypotheses that underpin the work. Data on retreat will be collected by focusing on 8 transects running from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s km) onshore and acquiring marine and terrestrial samples for geochronometric dating. The project includes funding for 587 radiocarbon, 140 OSL and 158 TCN samples for surface exposure dating; with sampling accomplished by two research cruises and 16 fieldwork campaigns. Results will reveal the timing and rate of change of ice margin recession for each transect, and combined with existing landform and dating databases, will be used to build an ice sheet-wide empirical reconstruction of retreat incorporating Bayesian analysis to assess uncertainty. We invite and encourage ice sheet modellers to use our data for modelling experiments and in particular to explore the role of bed topography in modulating ice retreat.

  15. Grounding line dynamics inferred from a 3D full-Stokes model solving the contact problem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Favier, Lionel; Gagliardini, Olivier; Durand, Gael; Zwinger, Thomas

    2010-05-01

    The mass balance of marine ice-sheets, such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is mostly controlled by their grounding line dynamics. Most numerical models simulating marine ice-sheets involve simplifications and do not include all the stress gradients. First results obtained with a 3D full-Stokes model for the grounded ice-sheet / floating ice-shelf transition, using the finite-element code Elmer/Ice, are presented. The initial geometry, which takes into account a dome and a calving front, has been laterally extruded from a previously investigated 2D flowline geometry. The grounding line migration is computed by solving the contact problem between the ice and the rigid downward sloping bedrock, where a non linear friction law is applied in the two horizontal directions. The evolutions of the sea-air and sea-ice interfaces are determined by the solution of a local transport equation. The consistency between the 3D model and the analogous results of the flowline model is shown by comparing the results in the basic extruded case, with no normal flux through lateral boundaries. Thereafter, spatially non uniform perturbations are introduced, to simulate the grounding line dynamics under fully three-dimensional perturbations.

  16. Nonlocal postbuckling analysis of graphene sheets with initial imperfection based on first order shear deformation theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soleimani, Ahmad; Naei, Mohammad Hasan; Mashhadi, Mahmoud Mosavi

    In this paper, the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used to investigate the postbuckling behavior of orthotropic single-layered graphene sheet (SLGS) under in-plane loadings. Nonlocal elasticity theory and von-Karman nonlinear model in combination with the isogeometric analysis (IGA) have been applied to study the postbuckling characteristics of SLGSs. In contrast to the classical model, the nonlocal continuum model developed in this work considers the size-effects on the postbuckling characteristics of SLGSs. FSDT takes into account effects of shear deformations through-the-thickness of plate. Geometric imperfection which is defined as a very small transverse displacement of the mid-plane is applied on undeformed nanoplate to create initial deviation in graphene sheet from being perfectly flat. Nonlinear governing equations of motion for SLGS are derived from the principle of virtual work and a variational formulation. At the end, the results are presented as the postbuckling equilibrium paths of SLGS. The influence of various parameters such as edge length, nonlocal parameter, compression ratio, boundary conditions and aspect ratio on the postbuckling path is investigated. The results of this work show the high accuracy of nonlocal FSDT-based analysis for postbuckling behavior of graphene sheets.

  17. Associations between accelerated glacier mass wastage and increased summer temperature in coastal regions

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Dyurgerov, M.; McCabe, G.J.

    2006-01-01

    Low-elevation glaciers in coastal regions of Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, individual ice caps around the Greenland ice sheet, and the Patagonia Ice Fields have an aggregate glacier area of about 332 ?? 103 km 2 and account for approximately 42% of all the glacier area outside the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. They have shown volume loss, especially since the end of the 1980s, increasing from about 45% in the 1960s to nearly 67% in 2003 of the total wastage from all glaciers on Earth outside those two largest ice sheets. Thus, a disproportionally large contribution of coastal glacier ablation to sea level rise is evident. We examine cumulative standardized departures (1961-2000 reference period) of glacier mass balances and air temperature data in these four coastal regions. Analyses indicate a strong association between increases in glacier volume losses and summer air temperature at regional and global scales. Increases in glacier volume losses in the coastal regions also coincide with an accelerated rate of ice discharge from outlet glaciers draining the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. These processes imply further increases in sea level rise. ?? 2006 Regents of the University of Colorado.

  18. Experimental investigation of air pressure affecting filtration performance of fibrous filter sheet.

    PubMed

    Xu, Bin; Yu, Xiao; Wu, Ya; Lin, Zhongping

    2017-03-01

    Understanding the effect of air pressure on their filtration performance is important for assessing the effectiveness of fibrous filters under different practical circumstances. The effectiveness of three classes of air filter sheets were investigated in laboratory-based measurements at a wide range of air pressures (60-130 KPa). The filtration efficiency was found most sensitive to the air pressure change at smaller particle sizes. As the air pressure increased from 60 to 130 KPa, significant decrease in filtration efficiency (up to 15%) and increase in pressure drop (up to 90 Pa) were observed. The filtration efficiency of the filter sheet with largest fiber diameter and smallest solid volume fraction was affected most, while the pressure drop of the filter sheet with smallest fiber diameter and largest solid volume fraction was affected most. The effect of air pressure on the filtration efficiency was slightly larger at greater filter face air velocity. However, the effect of air pressure on the pressure drop was negligible. The filtration efficiency and pressure drop were explicitly expressed as functions of the air pressure. Two coefficients were empirically derived and successfully accounted for the effects of air pressure on filtration efficiency and pressure drop.

  19. Negotiating on location, timing, duration, and participant in agent-mediated joint activity-travel scheduling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Huiye; Ronald, Nicole; Arentze, Theo A.; Timmermans, Harry J. P.

    2013-10-01

    Agent-based simulation has become an important modeling approach in activity-travel analysis. Social activities account for a large amount of travel and have an important effect on activity-travel scheduling. Participants in joint activities usually have various options regarding location, participants, and timing and take different approaches to make their decisions. In this context, joint activity participation requires negotiation among agents involved, so that conflicts among the agents can be addressed. Existing mechanisms do not fully provide a solution when utility functions of agents are nonlinear and non-monotonic. Considering activity-travel scheduling in time and space as an application, we propose a novel negotiation approach, which takes into account these properties, such as continuous and discrete issues, and nonlinear and non-monotonic utility functions, by defining a concession strategy and a search mechanism. The results of experiments show that agents having these properties can negotiate efficiently. Furthermore, the negotiation procedure affects individuals’ choices of location, timing, duration, and participants.

  20. Dispensing patterns for antidiabetic agents in New Zealand: are the guidelines being followed?

    PubMed

    Murray, Peter; Norris, Hew; Metcalfe, Scott; Betty, Bryan; Young, Vanessa; Locke, Bronwyn

    2017-11-10

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health issue in New Zealand. Effective management and glycaemic control is critical for reducing diabetes-related complications. Treatment guidelines are well established in New Zealand. Using dispensing data as a proxy for prescribing data, this paper aims to describe the pattern of first- and second-line antidiabetic agent (AA) dispensing for T2DM in New Zealand and assess adherence with treatment guidelines. Analysis of national dispensing data for AA medications using the Pharmaceutical Collection database from 2007/08 to 2015/16. Metformin monotherapy remains the most commonly prescribed first-line T2DM medication prescribed, accounting for 85% of initial agents prescribed. Sulfonylureas are the most common second-line agents used, accounting for 70% of all second-line agents. There is a high degree of adherence with the T2DM treatment guidelines in New Zealand.

  1. Microstructure of SiC-Si-Al2O3 composites derived from silicone resin - metal aluminum filler compounds by low temperature reduction process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Narisawa, M.; Abe, Y.

    2011-06-01

    Concentrated slurry of a silicone resin with low carbon content, 3 μm aluminum particles and ethanol were prepared. After casting, addition of cross-linking agent and drying, silicone resin-aluminum composite with thick sheet form was obtained. The prepared sheet was heat-treated at 933 or 1073K with various holding times to characterize formed phases during the heat treatments. XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra revealed free Si formation and existence of Si-O-Si bond at 933K. The Si-O-Si bond, however, disappeared and silicon carbide was formed at 1073K. SEM observation indicated formation of cracks bridged with a number of tiny struts at 933K and conversion to wholly porous structure at 1073K.

  2. Synthesis of porous nanocrystalline NiO with hexagonal sheet-like morphology by homogeneous precipitation method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, Ravi Kant; Ghose, Ranjana

    2015-04-01

    Porous nanocrystalline NiO has been synthesized by a simple homogeneous precipitation method in short time at low calcination temperature without using any surfactant, chelating or gelating agents. The porous nanocrystalline NiO with a hexagonal sheet-like morphology were obtained by calcination of Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes at 500 °C. The calcination temperature strongly influences the morphology, crystallite size, specific surface area, pore volume and optical band gap of the samples. The samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, surface area measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical activity of the samples was tested by catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4.

  3. 46 CFR Sec. 5 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting. Sec. 5 Section 5 Shipping MARITIME... Sec. 5 Accounting. The General Agent shall record the amounts of compensation paid from the NSA... Accounting Office, at which time the Maritime Administration will take custody of the records. [16 FR 2885...

  4. 75 FR 46945 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request; the Drug Accountability Record (Form NIH 2564) (NCI)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-04

    ... Request; the Drug Accountability Record (Form NIH 2564) (NCI) SUMMARY: In compliance with the requirement... Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval. Proposed Collection Title: The Drug Accountability... agent accountability. In order to fulfill these requirements, a standard Investigational Drug...

  5. 39 CFR 3001.9 - Filing of documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Commission, or by direction of the presiding officer, shall be made using the Internet (Filing Online... using Filing Online, it must be submitted to the Commission by a principal account holder or an agent account holder (Filing Online account holder). The authority of the principal account holder to represent...

  6. 39 CFR 3001.9 - Filing of documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Commission, or by direction of the presiding officer shall be made using the Internet (Filing Online...) Account holder. In order for a document to be accepted using Filing Online, it must be submitted to the Commission by a principal account holder or an agent account holder (Filing Online account holder). The...

  7. 39 CFR 3001.9 - Filing of documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Commission, or by direction of the presiding officer, shall be made using the Internet (Filing Online... accepted using Filing Online, it must be submitted to the Commission by a principal account holder or an agent account holder (Filing Online account holder). The authority of the principal account holder to...

  8. 39 CFR 3001.9 - Filing of documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Commission, or by direction of the presiding officer, shall be made using the Internet (Filing Online... accepted using Filing Online, it must be submitted to the Commission by a principal account holder or an agent account holder (Filing Online account holder). The authority of the principal account holder to...

  9. 26 CFR 601.502 - Recognized representative.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., territory, commonwealth, or the District of Columbia; (2) Certified public accountant. Any individual who is duly qualified to practice as a certified public accountant in any state, possession, territory... 10), concerning the practice of attorneys, certified public accountants, enrolled agents, enrolled...

  10. 46 CFR Sec. 7 - Disbursements at foreign ports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...-agent shall pay invoices from such advances and shall make proper accounting to the agent for all... RULES FOR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS UNDER AGENCY AGREEMENTS Disbursements Sec. 7 Disbursements at foreign... or by any other method outlined to and approved by the owner in advance of its use: (a) The agent may...

  11. Disposal of Chemical Agent Identification Sets at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. Volume 2. Appendices A-D

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-08-01

    N ENTER UNIT NURSER YOU ARE USING FOR THE DATA TAPE 11 FIGURE A-20 A-15 PMOMR TO P"IN? PROCES: DATA SHEET - DECOMED PIC CONTRL INSERT DATA TAPE IN...EXCHANGE/COOLER 70 CONTROL PANEL1 ACTUATORPFEELER 71 TV MONITOR 2 MOTOR 72 CART TOP3 PUMP 73 CIRCUIT BREAKER 4 VALVE 74 5 BELT 75 LIGHT6 SEAL 76 MIRAN 807

  12. Clinical Investigation Program Report Control Symbol MED 300.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-10-01

    13 Agent Induced Delay of Gastric Emptying. (0) (PR) (P) 1979 The Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: An Electron 15 Microscopic Study of Lung in...1981 Investigation of Chronic Phantom Pain. (0) (PR) (P) 25 v Year Page Initiated 1981 Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: Basic Studies and 26...14 Detail Summary Sheet Date 3 Oct 83 Prot No.: 79-21 Status: Ongoing Title: The Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: An Electron Microscopic Study of

  13. Quiet Supersonic Platform (QSP) Materials and Structures Focus Group Meeting, 26 June 2001

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-07-01

    variety of size scales. Woven metal microtubes offer efficient heat -transfer capability. An inexpensive approach to creating lattice structures uses...because of their light weight and as heat exchangers , by using a metal with high thermal conductivity to draw heat into the lattice, where it can...tubes woven into metal sheets, which are then stacked, sprayed with a transient liquid-phase sintering/bonding agent, and heated . The result is a

  14. Investigating role of ice-ocean interaction on glacier dynamic: Results from numerical modeling applied to Petermann Glacier

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nick, F. M.; van der Veen, C. J.; Vieli, A.; Pattyn, F.; Hubbard, A.; Box, J. E.

    2010-12-01

    Calving of icebergs and bottom melting from ice shelves accounts for roughly half the ice transferred from the Greenland Ice Sheet into the surrounding ocean, and virtually all of the ice loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Petermann Glacier (north Greenland) with its ~17 km wide and ~ 60 km long floating ice-shelf is experiencing high rates of bottom melting. The recent partial disintegration of its shelf (in August 2010) presents a natural experiment to investigate the dynamic response of the ice sheet to its shelf retreat. We apply a numerical ice flow model using a physically-based calving criterion based on crevasse depth to investigate the contribution of processes such as shelf disintegration, bottom melting, sea ice or sikkusak disintegration and surface run off to the mass balance of Petermann Glacier and assess its stability. Our modeling study provides insights into the role of ice-ocean interaction, and on response of Petermann Glacier to its recent massive ice loss.

  15. High performance computation of residual stress and distortion in laser welded 301L stainless sheets

    DOE PAGES

    Huang, Hui; Tsutsumi, Seiichiro; Wang, Jiandong; ...

    2017-07-11

    Transient thermo-mechanical simulation of stainless plate laser welding process was performed by a highly efficient and accurate approach-hybrid iterative substructure and adaptive mesh method. Especially, residual stress prediction was enhanced by considering various heat effects in the numerical model. The influence of laser welding heat input on residual stress and welding distortion of stainless thin sheets were investigated by experiment and simulation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contour method were used to measure the surficial and internal residual stress respectively. Effect of strain hardening, annealing and melting on residual stress prediction was clarified through a parametric study. It was shown thatmore » these heat effects must be taken into account for accurate prediction of residual stresses in laser welded stainless sheets. Reasonable agreement among residual stresses by numerical method, XRD and contour method was obtained. Buckling type welding distortion was also well reproduced by the developed thermo-mechanical FEM.« less

  16. High performance computation of residual stress and distortion in laser welded 301L stainless sheets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Huang, Hui; Tsutsumi, Seiichiro; Wang, Jiandong

    Transient thermo-mechanical simulation of stainless plate laser welding process was performed by a highly efficient and accurate approach-hybrid iterative substructure and adaptive mesh method. Especially, residual stress prediction was enhanced by considering various heat effects in the numerical model. The influence of laser welding heat input on residual stress and welding distortion of stainless thin sheets were investigated by experiment and simulation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contour method were used to measure the surficial and internal residual stress respectively. Effect of strain hardening, annealing and melting on residual stress prediction was clarified through a parametric study. It was shown thatmore » these heat effects must be taken into account for accurate prediction of residual stresses in laser welded stainless sheets. Reasonable agreement among residual stresses by numerical method, XRD and contour method was obtained. Buckling type welding distortion was also well reproduced by the developed thermo-mechanical FEM.« less

  17. Newly Developed Biocompatible Material: Dispersible Titanium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Suitable for Antibacterial Coating on Intravascular Catheters.

    PubMed

    Furuzono, Tsutomu; Okazaki, Masatoshi; Azuma, Yoshinao; Iwasaki, Mitsunobu; Kogai, Yasumichi; Sawa, Yoshiki

    2017-01-01

    Thirteen patients with chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-impregnated catheters have experienced serious anaphylactic shock in Japan. These adverse reactions highlight the lack of commercially available catheters impregnated with strong antibacterial chemical agents. A system should be developed that can control both biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is biocompatible with bone and skin tissues. To provide antibacterial activity by using an external physical stimulus, titanium (Ti) ions were doped into the HAp structure. Highly dispersible, Ti-doped HAp (Ti-HAp) nanoparticles suitable as a coating material were developed. In 3 kinds of Ti-HAp [Ti/(Ca + Ti) = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2], the Ti content in the HAp was approximately 70% of that used in the Ti-HAp preparation, as determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). ICP-AES and X-ray diffraction showed Ti ions were well substituted into the HAp lattice. The nanoparticles were almost uniformly coated on a polyethylene (PE) sheet in a near-monolayer with a surface coverage ratio >95%. The antibacterial activity of the Ti-HAp nanoparticles containing 7.3% Ti ions and coating the sheet was evaluated by calculating the survival ratio of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the coated sheet after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The Ti-HAp-coated sheet showed a 50% decrease in the number of P. aeruginosa compared with that on an uncoated control PE sheet after UV irradiation for 30 s. Key Messages: A system of biocompatibility and antibacterial activity with an on/off switch controlled by external UV stimulation was developed. The system is expected to be applicable in long-term implanted intravascular catheters. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  18. Water as an agent for the morphology modification of metal oxalate materials on the nanoscale: from sheets to rods

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Minog; Kim, YooJin; Kwon, WonJong; Yoon, Sungho

    2016-01-01

    A number of approaches have been used to control the shape of metal oxalates, which often used as precursors for metal oxide nanomaterials. However, attempts to use water as a regulator have not been reported. Here in we report systematic studies on related topics: nanosheets, composed of 1-dimensional [M(C2O4)(EG)] (M = Zn or Co) polymeric structure, could be transformed into nanorods by using water as a shape-shifting agent because water can readily substitute EG ligand, leading alternation of inter-chain hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, heat-treatment of these nanomaterials with diverse morphologies resulted in porous metal oxides with high degrees of shape retention. PMID:26763973

  19. Comparison of efficacy of silicone gel, silicone gel sheeting, and topical onion extract including heparin and allantoin for the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars.

    PubMed

    Karagoz, Huseyin; Yuksel, Fuat; Ulkur, Ersin; Evinc, Rahmi

    2009-12-01

    We compared the efficacy of silicone gel (Scarfade), silicone gel sheet (Epi-Derm), and topical onion extract including heparin and allantoin (Contractubex) for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Forty-five postburn scars were included in the study. Patients with scars less than 6 months from injury were assigned at random to three groups each containing 15 scars, and their treatment was continued for 6 months. Scars were treated with Scarfade, Epiderm and Contractubex. Scar assessment was performed at the beginning of the treatment, and at the end of the sixth month when the treatment was completed by using the Vancouver scar scale. The difference between before and after treatment scores for each three groups was statistically significant. The difference between Scarfade group and Epi-Derm group was not significant; however, the differences of the other groups (Scarfade-Contractubex, Epiderm-Contractubex) were significant. Silicone products, either in gel or sheet, are superior to Contractubex in the treatment of the hypertrophic scar. The therapist should select the most appropriate agent according to the patient's need and guidelines of these signs.

  20. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanofibrous scaffolds chemically coated with gold-nanoparticles as osteoinductive agents for osteogenesis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Donghyun; Heo, Dong Nyoung; Lee, Sang Jin; Heo, Min; Kim, Jeongho; Choi, Samjin; Park, Hun-Kuk; Park, Young Guk; Lim, Ho-Nam; Kwon, Il Keun

    2018-02-01

    Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has been widely used in devices for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have also been used as biomaterials and have been found to have a positive effect on bone formation. In this study, we synthesized thiol end-capped PLGA (PLGA-SH) and used it for binding GNPs. This PLGA was processed into a sheet form via electrospinning. GNPs with an approximate size of 30 nm were attached onto the PLGA-SH sheet surfaces (PLGA-GNPs). This membrane was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Characterization results show that the GNPs are well attached on the PLGA-SH sheet and it is possible to control the GNPs load. Additionally, in-vitro results showed that PLGA-GNPs have good biocompatibility. They were also found to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells. From these results, we have determined that the PLGA-GNP fibers can be useful as materials for bone regeneration and can also potentially serve as drug carriers.

  1. Direct nucleation of silver nanoparticles on graphene sheet.

    PubMed

    Singh, Manoj K; Titus, E; Krishna, R; Hawaldar, R R; Goncalves, G; Marques, P A A P; Gracio, J

    2012-08-01

    Silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of graphene sheet by the simultaneous reduction of Ag+ and graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of simple reducing agent, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4 x H2O). Both the Ag+ and GO were reduced and Ag+ was nucleated onto graphene. GO flakes were prepared by conventional chemical exfoliation method and in the presence of strong acidic medium of potassium chlorate. Silver nanoparticles were prepared using 0.01 M AgNO3 solution. The reduced GO sheet decorated with Ag is referred as G-Ag sample. G-Ag was characterized by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy using GO as standard. An explicit alkene peak appeared around 1625 cm(-1) was observed in G-Ag sample. Besides, the characteristic carbonyl and hydroxyl peaks shows well reduction of GO. The FTIR therefore confirms the direct interaction of Ag into Graphene. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis were performed for morphological probing. The average size of Ag nanoparticles was confirmed by around 5-10 nm by the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The Ag quantum dots incorporated nanocomposite material could become prominent candidate for diverse applications including photovoltaic, catalysis, and biosensors etc.

  2. Expensing stock options: a fair-value approach.

    PubMed

    Kaplan, Robert S; Palepu, Krishna G

    2003-12-01

    Now that companies such as General Electric and Citigroup have accepted the premise that employee stock options are an expense, the debate is shifting from whether to report options on income statements to how to report them. The authors present a new accounting mechanism that maintains the rationale underlying stock option expensing while addressing critics' concerns about measurement error and the lack of reconciliation to actual experience. A procedure they call fair-value expensing adjusts and eventually reconciles cost estimates made at grant date with subsequent changes in the value of the options, and it does so in a way that eliminates forecasting and measurement errors over time. The method captures the chief characteristic of stock option compensation--that employees receive part of their compensation in the form of a contingent claim on the value they are helping to produce. The mechanism involves creating entries on both the asset and equity sides of the balance sheet. On the asset side, companies create a prepaid-compensation account equal to the estimated cost of the options granted; on the owners'-equity side, they create a paid-in capital stock-option account for the same amount. The prepaid-compensation account is then expensed through the income statement, and the stock option account is adjusted on the balance sheet to reflect changes in the estimated fair value of the granted options. The amortization of prepaid compensation is added to the change in the option grant's value to provide the total reported expense of the options grant for the year. At the end of the vesting period, the company uses the fair value of the vested option to make a final adjustment on the income statement to reconcile any difference between that fair value and the total of the amounts already reported.

  3. 14 CFR 158.53 - Collection compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Reservations costs; (v) Passenger service costs; (vi) Revenue accounting, data entry, accounts payable, tax, and legal fees; (vii) Corporate property department costs; (viii) Training for reservations agents...

  4. 75 FR 81574 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip From India: Preliminary Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-28

    ... Statistics (IMF Statistics) for SRF. SRF received exemptions from import duties and central sales taxes (CST... Territory Sales Tax Exemption program, we have used SRF's total sales of subject merchandise as the... were certified by an accountant. The total values of the GOI redemption document reflect the import and...

  5. Report on Audit for the Year Ended June 30, 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kucharski, Walter J.

    This report, from the Auditor of Public Accounts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, discusses an audit of the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) balance sheet as of June 30, 2000. The auditors considered internal controls over financial reporting and tested compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and grants in…

  6. 14 CFR 6 - Objective Classification of Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...] Current Liabilities 2000Current Maturities of Long-term Debt. Record here the face value or principal... not properly classifiable as current. 2005Notes Payable—Banks. Record here the face value of all notes... should be included in account 2000. 2015Notes Payable—Other. Record here the face value of all notes...

  7. 14 CFR Section 6 - Objective Classification of Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...] Current Liabilities 2000Current Maturities of Long-term Debt. Record here the face value or principal... not properly classifiable as current. 2005Notes Payable—Banks. Record here the face value of all notes... should be included in account 2000. 2015Notes Payable—Other. Record here the face value of all notes...

  8. 14 CFR Section 6 - Objective Classification of Balance Sheet Elements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...] Current Liabilities 2000Current Maturities of Long-term Debt. Record here the face value or principal... not properly classifiable as current. 2005Notes Payable—Banks. Record here the face value of all notes... should be included in account 2000. 2015Notes Payable—Other. Record here the face value of all notes...

  9. Internal Controls for Accounting Areas. Alliance Action Information Sheets

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Technical Assistance ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2006

    2006-01-01

    Internal controls are important to ensure your Parent Center's resources are well protected. Steps should be taken to ensure that finance transactions are authorized by management, executed properly and on time, and recorded appropriately. Some centers may not have staff with all of the titles used in the procedures presented in this paper.…

  10. A novel analytical model for scattering limited electron transport in nano-dimensional InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructure for cryogenic applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, Neetika; Verma, Neha; Jogi, Jyotika

    2017-11-01

    This paper models the scattering limited electron transport in a nano-dimensional In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP heterostructure. An analytical model for temperature dependent sheet carrier concentration and carrier mobility in a two dimensional electron gas, confined in a triangular potential well has been developed. The model accounts for all the major scattering process including ionized impurity scattering and lattice scattering. Quantum mechanical variational technique is employed for studying the intrasubband scattering mechanism in the two dimensional electron gas. Results of various scattering limited structural parameters such as energy band-gap and functional parameters such as sheet carrier concentration, scattering rate and mobility are presented. The model corroborates the dominance of ionized impurity scattering mechanism at low temperatures and that of lattice scattering at high temperatures, both in turn limiting the carrier mobility. Net mobility obtained taking various scattering mechanisms into account has been found in agreement with earlier reported results, thus validating the model.

  11. 77 FR 27503 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Depository Trust Company; Order Granting Approval of a...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ... maturing positions of MMI CUSIPs from a participant's accounts and credits the participant's account with... delivered to the account of the applicable issuing or paying agent (``IPA''),\\4\\ also a DTC [[Page 27504

  12. Leveraging Human and Fiscal Resources for School Improvement.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kelley, Carolyn

    1999-01-01

    Critiques "Handbook" chapters on achieving educational accountability and managing resources for school improvement. Accountability and finance research have shifted focus from resource allocation to organizational results. Principal-agent, expectancy, and risk theories provide lenses for viewing accountability. Research on how these…

  13. Some features associated with organosilane groups grafted by the sol-gel process onto synthetic talc-like phyllosilicate.

    PubMed

    Sales, José A A; Petrucelli, Giovanni C; Oliveira, Fernando J V E; Airoldi, Claudio

    2006-05-01

    Two new lamellar inorganic-organic magnesium silicates have been successfully synthesized by using sol-gel based processes under mild temperature conditions. The talc-organosilicates derived using two silylating agents as the silicon source, (i) 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and (ii) from the attachment of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol molecule to this precursor agent, yielded PhMg-Cl and PhMg-Tz phyllosilicates. These organoclays were characterized through elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, surface area, thermogravimetry, and carbon and silicon solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results confirmed the presence of organic moieties covalently bonded to the inorganic silicon sheet network of the 2:1 class of phyllosilicates, with a density of organic molecules of 6.6+/-0.1 and 2.7+/-0.2 mmol g(-1) anchored on the inorganic layer and with interlayer distances of 1158 and 1628 pm, respectively. The nuclear magnetic resonances results in the solid state are in agreement with the sequence of carbons distributed in the pendant chains of the original silylating agents and the silicon bonded to oxygen atoms or carbon atoms of the inorganic sheets, as expected for the organically functionalized phyllosilicates. The enhanced potential of the new compound PhMg-Tz as a multi property material was explored in adsorbing cations from aqueous solution. The basic sulfur and nitrogen centers attached to the pendant chains inside the lamellar cavity can coordinate mercury, by presenting an isotherm saturated at 0.19 mmol g(-1) of this heavy metal. The functionality of this organoclay-like material expresses its potential for heavy cation removal from an ecosystem.

  14. A New Ice-sheet / Ocean Interaction Model for Greenland Fjords using High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kopera, M. A.; Maslowski, W.; Giraldo, F.

    2015-12-01

    One of the key outstanding challenges in modeling of climate change and sea-level rise is the ice-sheet/ocean interaction in narrow, elongated and geometrically complicated fjords around Greenland. To address this challenge we propose a new approach, a separate fjord model using discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, or FDG. The goal of this project is to build a separate, high-resolution module for use in Earth System Models (ESMs) to realistically represent the fjord bathymetry, coastlines, exchanges with the outside ocean, circulation and fine-scale processes occurring within the fjord and interactions at the ice shelf interface. FDG is currently at the first stage of development. The DG method provides FDG with high-order accuracy as well as geometrical flexibility, including the capacity to handle non-conforming adaptive mesh refinement to resolve the processes occurring near the ice-sheet/ocean interface without introducing prohibitive computational costs. Another benefit of this method is its excellent performance on multi- and many-core architectures, which allows for utilizing modern high performance computing systems for high-resolution simulations. The non-hydrostatic model of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation will account for the stationary ice-shelf with sub-shelf ocean interaction, basal melting and subglacial meltwater influx and with boundary conditions at the surface to account for floating sea ice. The boundary conditions will be provided to FDG via a flux coupler to emulate the integration with an ESM. Initially, FDG will be tested for the Sermilik Fjord settings, using real bathymetry, boundary and initial conditions, and evaluated against available observations and other model results for this fjord. The overarching goal of the project is to be able to resolve the ice-sheet/ocean interactions around the entire coast of Greenland and two-way coupling with regional and global climate models such as the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM), Community Earth System Model (CESM) or Advanced Climate Model for Energy (ACME).

  15. Particle/fluid simulations of an eruptive flare: Identifying the field-aligned currents responsible for the hard x-rays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winglee, R. M.

    1994-09-01

    While magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can provide a reasonable description of the overall magnetic reconnection that is believed to drive flares, additional, and often separate processes have to be envoked to in order to explain the electron acceleration that is responsible for many of the observed flare emissions. A new model that incorporates the dynamic coronal current sheets, the reconnection site, and possible electron acceleration processes is developed through the use of two-dimensional particle and modified two-fluid simulations. The specific example of an eruptive flare driven by the coalescence of flux tubes supported by prescribed photospheric current elements is evaluated. It is shown that the electrons and ions have differential trajectories through the coronal current sheet which leads to the development of additonal plasma currents that flow around the surface of the current sheet. These surface currents are explicitly neglected in MHD but they are vital to the flare dynamics because they divert current from the coronal current sheet into the chromosphere, producing an effective resistivity that aids the development of fast reconnection. Because the surface currents are in the plane of the magnetic field, electrons in them experience strong acceleration and can account for the observed hard X-ray emissions. Model predictions are compared with observed time profiles of hard X-ray emissions and Doppler shifts seen in soft X-ray line emissions and are able to account for such features as (1) the asymmetry in the rise and decay time of the hard X-rays, (2) the apparent delay between the largest Doppler shifts and the hard X-ray peak, and (3) the relatively low intensity of the blue-shifted component. The use of particle and fluid simulations is important because it provides different, but complementary treatments of the electron acceleration, the global magnetic morphology, and the flare current system.

  16. Fabrication of water-dispersible and highly conductive PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites using a high-molecular weight PSS dopant and their application in H2S detection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cho, Sunghun; Lee, Jun Seop; Jun, Jaemoon; Kim, Sung Gun; Jang, Jyongsik

    2014-11-01

    This work describes the fabrication of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-doped polyaniline/graphene (PSS-doped PANI/graphene) nanocomposites and their use as sensing elements for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection. PSS with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.96 × 106 was synthesized using low-temperature free-radical polymerization. The PSS was used as both a doping agent and a binding agent for the polymerization of aniline monomers in a biphasic system (water-chloroform) at -50 °C. The high Mw of PSS resulted in relatively large particle sizes and smooth surfaces of the PSS-doped PANI. These physical characteristics, in turn, resulted in low interparticle resistance and high conductivity. In addition, the PSS allowed homogeneous dispersion of reduced graphene sheets through electrostatic repulsion. The prepared PSS-doped PANI/graphene solutions showed good compatibility with flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates, making them suitable for flexible sensor electrodes. Changes in the charge-transport properties, such as protonation level, conjugation length, crystalline structure, and charge-transfer resistance, of the electrode materials were the main factors influencing the electrical and sensor performance of the PSS-doped PANI-based electrodes. PSS-doped PANI/graphene composites containing 30 wt% graphene showed the highest conductivity (168.4 S cm-1) and the lowest minimum detection level (MDL) for H2S gas (1 ppm). This result is consistent with the observed improvements in charge transport in the electrode materials via strong π-π stacking interactions between the PANI and the graphene sheets.This work describes the fabrication of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-doped polyaniline/graphene (PSS-doped PANI/graphene) nanocomposites and their use as sensing elements for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection. PSS with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.96 × 106 was synthesized using low-temperature free-radical polymerization. The PSS was used as both a doping agent and a binding agent for the polymerization of aniline monomers in a biphasic system (water-chloroform) at -50 °C. The high Mw of PSS resulted in relatively large particle sizes and smooth surfaces of the PSS-doped PANI. These physical characteristics, in turn, resulted in low interparticle resistance and high conductivity. In addition, the PSS allowed homogeneous dispersion of reduced graphene sheets through electrostatic repulsion. The prepared PSS-doped PANI/graphene solutions showed good compatibility with flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates, making them suitable for flexible sensor electrodes. Changes in the charge-transport properties, such as protonation level, conjugation length, crystalline structure, and charge-transfer resistance, of the electrode materials were the main factors influencing the electrical and sensor performance of the PSS-doped PANI-based electrodes. PSS-doped PANI/graphene composites containing 30 wt% graphene showed the highest conductivity (168.4 S cm-1) and the lowest minimum detection level (MDL) for H2S gas (1 ppm). This result is consistent with the observed improvements in charge transport in the electrode materials via strong π-π stacking interactions between the PANI and the graphene sheets. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: FE-SEM images of PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites and graphene sheets, FT-IR spectra of PSS with different Mw, XRD patterns of PSS-doped PANI polymerized with different Mw of PSS, FT-IR spectra of GO, RGO, PSS-coated GO, and PSS-coated RGO, fully XPS scanned spectra of PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites, cyclic voltammogram of PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites at different scan rates (10 to 50 mV-1), and I-V characteristics of PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites with a thickness of 5 μm. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04413d

  17. The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) - Part 1: Model description

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winkelmann, R.; Martin, M. A.; Haseloff, M.; Albrecht, T.; Bueler, E.; Khroulev, C.; Levermann, A.

    2010-08-01

    We present the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), developed at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research to be used for simulations of large-scale ice sheet-shelf systems. It is derived from the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (Bueler and Brown, 2009). Velocities are calculated by superposition of two shallow stress balance approximations within the entire ice covered region: the shallow ice approximation (SIA) is dominant in grounded regions and accounts for shear deformation parallel to the geoid. The plug-flow type shallow shelf approximation (SSA) dominates the velocity field in ice shelf regions and serves as a basal sliding velocity in grounded regions. Ice streams naturally emerge through this approach and can be identified diagnostically as regions with a significant contribution of membrane stresses to the local momentum balance. All lateral boundaries in PISM-PIK are free to evolve, including the grounding line and ice fronts. Ice shelf margins in particular are modeled using Neumann boundary conditions for the SSA equations, reflecting a hydrostatic stress imbalance along the vertical calving face. The ice front position is modeled using a subgrid scale representation of calving front motion (Albrecht et al., 2010) and a physically motivated dynamic calving law based on horizontal spreading rates. The model is validated within the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP) and is used for a dynamic equilibrium simulation of Antarctica under present-day conditions in the second part of this paper (Martin et al., 2010).

  18. Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    MacDonald, Thomas R.; Ferrigno, Jane G.; Williams, Richard S.; Lucchitta, Baerbel K.

    1989-01-01

    Approximately 91.0 percent of the volume of present-day glacier ice on Earth is in Antarctica; Greenland contains about another 8.3 percent of the volume. Thus, together, these two great ice sheets account for an estimated 99.3 percent of the total. Long-term changes in the volume of glacier ice on our planet are the result of global climate change. Because of the relationship of global ice volume to sea level (± 330 cubic kilometers of glacier ice equals ± 1 millimeter sea level), changes in the mass balance of the antarctic ice sheet are of particular importance.Whether the mass balance of the east and west antarctic ice sheets is positive or negative is not known. Estimates of mass input by total annual precipitation for the continent have been made from scattered meteorological observations (Swithinbank 1985). The magnitude of annual ablation of the ice sheet from calving of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is also not well known. Although the velocities of outlet glaciers can be determined from field measurements during the austral summer,the technique is costly, does not cover a complete annual cycle,and has been applied to just a few glaciers. To increase the number of outlet glaciers in Antarctica for which velocities have been determined and to provide additional data for under-standing the dynamics of the antarctic ice sheets and their response to global climate change, sequential Landsat image of several outlet glaciers were measured.

  19. Experimental approaches to the interaction of the prion protein with nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans: Modulators of the pathogenic conversion.

    PubMed

    Silva, Jerson L; Vieira, Tuane C R G; Gomes, Mariana P B; Rangel, Luciana P; Scapin, Sandra M N; Cordeiro, Yraima

    2011-03-01

    The concept that transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are caused only by proteins has changed the traditional paradigm that disease transmission is due solely to an agent that carries genetic information. The central hypothesis for prion diseases proposes that the conversion of a cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into a misfolded, β-sheet-rich isoform (PrP(Sc)) accounts for the development of (TSE). There is substantial evidence that the infectious material consists chiefly of a protein, PrP(Sc), with no genomic coding material, unlike a virus particle, which has both. However, prions seem to have other partners that chaperone their activities in converting the PrP(C) into the disease-causing isoform. Nucleic acids (NAs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the most probable accomplices of prion conversion. Here, we review the recent experimental approaches that have been employed to characterize the interaction of prion proteins with nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans. A PrP recognizes many nucleic acids and GAGs with high affinities, and this seems to be related to a pathophysiological role for this interaction. A PrP binds nucleic acids and GAGs with structural selectivity, and some PrP:NA complexes can become proteinase K-resistant, undergoing amyloid oligomerization and conversion to a β-sheet-rich structure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous polyanions (such as NAs and GAGs) may accelerate the rate of prion disease progression by acting as scaffolds or lattices that mediate the interaction between PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) molecules. In addition to a still-possible hypothesis that nucleic acids and GAGs, especially those from the host, may modulate the conversion, the recent structural characterization of the complexes has raised the possibility of developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. 14 CFR 240.2 - Obligation of air carriers, foreign air carriers, and ticket agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... special agent or auditor of the Board, and upon the presentation of the identification card and... forthwith permit such special agent or auditor to inspect and examine all lands, buildings and equipment; (b... auditor to inspect and examine all accounts, records, memorandums, documents, papers and correspondence...

  1. Perceptions of Peers as Socialization Agents and Adjustment in Upper Secondary School

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Studsrod, Ingunn; Bru, Edvin

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of present study was to explore the perceptions of peers as socialization agents in school adjustment among upper secondary school students. The associations were studied in a sample of 564 Norwegian students. Results showed that perceptions of friends and classmates as socialization agents accounted for unique variances in various…

  2. 14 CFR 240.2 - Obligation of air carriers, foreign air carriers, and ticket agents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... special agent or auditor of the Board, and upon the presentation of the identification card and... forthwith permit such special agent or auditor to inspect and examine all lands, buildings and equipment; (b... auditor to inspect and examine all accounts, records, memorandums, documents, papers and correspondence...

  3. New insights into structural determinants of prion protein folding and stability.

    PubMed

    Benetti, Federico; Legname, Giuseppe

    2015-01-01

    Prions are the etiological agent of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. These maladies can be sporadic, genetic or infectious disorders. Prions are due to post-translational modifications of the cellular prion protein leading to the formation of a β-sheet enriched conformer with altered biochemical properties. The molecular events causing prion formation in sporadic prion diseases are still elusive. Recently, we published a research elucidating the contribution of major structural determinants and environmental factors in prion protein folding and stability. Our study highlighted the crucial role of octarepeats in stabilizing prion protein; the presence of a highly enthalpically stable intermediate state in prion-susceptible species; and the role of disulfide bridge in preserving native fold thus avoiding the misfolding to a β-sheet enriched isoform. Taking advantage from these findings, in this work we present new insights into structural determinants of prion protein folding and stability.

  4. Sub-nm 3D observation of human hair melanin by high-voltage STEM.

    PubMed

    Imai, Takehito; Higuchi, Kimitaka; Yamamoto, Yuta; Arai, Shigeo; Nakano, Takashi; Tanaka, Nobuo

    2016-04-01

    The ultrastructure of melanin granules in human hair was studied using 1,000 kV high-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy to successfully reconstruct three-dimensional images of the whole melanin granule. It was revealed that the melanin granule was composed of a membrane-like outer structure that included many spherical vesicles, and an inner matrix containing a sheet-like structure in the elongated direction of the melanin granule and a sheet-like arrays structure in the cross direction. The outer structure of the melanin granule was maintained even after exposure to hair-bleaching agents to decompose the melanin granule, suggesting that the outer structure was a highly robust structure and composition compared with the inner matrix . © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  5. The anarchic hand syndrome and utilization behavior: a window onto agentive self-awareness.

    PubMed

    Pacherie, Elisabeth

    2007-01-01

    Two main approaches can be discerned in the literature on agentive self-awareness: a top-down approach, according to which agentive self-awareness is fundamentally holistic in nature and involves the operations of a central-systems narrator, and a bottom-up approach that sees agentive self-awareness as produced by lowlevel processes grounded in the very machinery responsible for motor production and control. Neither approach is entirely satisfactory if taken in isolation; however, the question of whether their combination would yield a full account of agentive self-awareness remains very much open. In this paper, I contrast two disorders affecting the control of voluntary action: the anarchic hand syndrome and utilization behavior. Although in both conditions patients fail to inhibit actions that are elicited by objects in the environment but inappropriate with respect to the wider context, these actions are experienced in radically different ways by the two groups of patients. I discuss how top-down and bottom-up processes involved in the generation of agentive self-awareness would have to be related in order to account for these differences.

  6. Mutual Inductance Problem for a System Consisting of a Current Sheet and a Thin Metal Plate

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fulton, J. P.; Wincheski, B.; Nath, S.; Namkung, M.

    1993-01-01

    Rapid inspection of aircraft structures for flaws is of vital importance to the commercial and defense aircraft industry. In particular, inspecting thin aluminum structures for flaws is the focus of a large scale R&D effort in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) community. Traditional eddy current methods used today are effective, but require long inspection times. New electromagnetic techniques which monitor the normal component of the magnetic field above a sample due to a sheet of current as the excitation, seem to be promising. This paper is an attempt to understand and analyze the magnetic field distribution due to a current sheet above an aluminum test sample. A simple theoretical model, coupled with a two dimensional finite element model (FEM) and experimental data will be presented in the next few sections. A current sheet above a conducting sample generates eddy currents in the material, while a sensor above the current sheet or in between the two plates monitors the normal component of the magnetic field. A rivet or a surface flaw near a rivet in an aircraft aluminum skin will disturb the magnetic field, which is imaged by the sensor. Initial results showed a strong dependence of the flaw induced normal magnetic field strength on the thickness and conductivity of the current-sheet that could not be accounted for by skin depth attenuation alone. It was believed that the eddy current imaging method explained the dependence of the thickness and conductivity of the flaw induced normal magnetic field. Further investigation, suggested the complexity associated with the mutual inductance of the system needed to be studied. The next section gives an analytical model to better understand the phenomenon.

  7. The balance sheet technique. Volume I. The balance sheet analysis technique for preconstruction review of airports and highways

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    LaBelle, S.J.; Smith, A.E.; Seymour, D.A.

    1977-02-01

    The technique applies equally well to new or existing airports. The importance of accurate accounting of emissions, cannot be overstated. The regional oxidant modelling technique used in conjunction with a balance sheet review must be a proportional reduction technique. This type of emission balancing presumes equality of all sources in the analysis region. The technique can be applied successfully in the highway context, either in planning at the system level or looking only at projects individually. The project-by-project reviews could be used to examine each project in the same way as the airport projects are examined for their impact onmore » regional desired emission levels. The primary limitation of this technique is that it should not be used when simulation models have been used for regional oxidant air quality. In the case of highway projects, the balance sheet technique might appear to be limited; the real limitations are in the transportation planning process. That planning process is not well-suited to the needs of air quality forecasting. If the transportation forecasting techniques are insensitive to change in the variables that affect HC emissions, then no internal emission trade-offs can be identified, and the initial highway emission forecasts are themselves suspect. In general, the balance sheet technique is limited by the quality of the data used in the review. Additionally, the technique does not point out effective trade-off strategies, nor does it indicate when it might be worthwhile to ignore small amounts of excess emissions. Used in the context of regional air quality plans based on proportional reduction models, the balance sheet analysis technique shows promise as a useful method by state or regional reviewing agencies.« less

  8. Quaternary evolution of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet from 3D seismic data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Montelli, A.; Dowdeswell, J. A.; Ottesen, D.; Johansen, S. E.

    2016-12-01

    The Quaternary seismic stratigraphy and architecture of the mid-Norwegian continental shelf and slope are investigated using extensive grids of marine 2D and 3D seismic reflection data that cover more than 100,000 km2 of the continental margin. At least 26 distinct regional palaeo-surfaces have been interpreted within the stratigraphy of the Quaternary Naust Formation on the mid-Norwegian margin. Multiple assemblages of buried glacigenic landforms are preserved within the Naust Formation across most of the study area, facilitating detailed palaeo-glaciological reconstructions. We document a marine-terminating, calving Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) margin present periodically on the Norwegian shelf since at least the beginning of the Quaternary. Elongate, streamlined landforms interpreted as mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) have been found within the upper part of the Naust sequence N ( 1.9-1.6 Ma), sugesting the development of fast-flowing ice streams since that time. Shifts in the location of depocentres and direction of features indicative of fast ice-flow suggest that several reorganisations in the FIS drainage have occurred since 1.5 Ma. Subglacial landforms reveal a complex and dynamic ice sheet, with converging palaeo-ice streams and several flow-switching events that may reflect major changes in topography and internal ice-sheet structure. Lack of subglacial meltwater channels suggests a largely distributed, low-volume meltwater system that drained the FIS through permeable subglacial till without leaving much erosional evidence. This regional palaeo-environmental examination of the FIS provides a useful framework for ice-sheet modelling and shows that fragmentary preservation of buried surfaces and variability of ice-sheet dynamics should be taken into account when reconstructing glacial history from spatially limited datasets.

  9. Interactions of ice sheet evolution, sea level and GIA in a region of complex Earth structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gomez, N. A.; Chan, N. H.; Latychev, K.; Pollard, D.; Powell, E. M.

    2017-12-01

    Constraining glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is challenging in Antarctica, where the solid Earth deformation, sea level changes and ice dynamics are strongly linked on all timescales. Furthermore, Earth structure beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet is characterized by significant lateral variability. A stable, thick craton exists in the east, while the west is underlain by a large continental rift system, with a relatively thin lithosphere and hot, low viscosity asthenosphere, as indicated by high resolution seismic tomography. This implies that in parts of the West Antarctic, the Earth's mantle may respond to surface loading on shorter than average (centennial, or even decadal) timescales. Accounting for lateral variations in viscoelastic Earth structure alters the timing and geometry of load-induced Earth deformation, which in turn impacts the timing and extent of the ice-sheet retreat via a sea-level feedback, as well as predictions of relative sea-level change and GIA. We explore the impact of laterally varying Earth structure on ice-sheet evolution, sea level change and Earth deformation in the Antarctic region since the Last Glacial Maximum using a newly developed coupled ice sheet - sea level model that incorporates 3-D variations in lithospheric thickness and mantle viscosity derived from recent seismic tomographic datasets. Our results focus on identifying the regions and time periods in which the incorporation of 3-D Earth structure is critical for accurate predictions of ice sheet evolution and interpretation of geological and geodetic observations. We also investigate the sensitivity to the regional Earth structure of the relative contributions to modern GIA predictions of Last Deglacial and more recent Holocene ice cover changes.

  10. Moral actor, selfish agent.

    PubMed

    Frimer, Jeremy A; Schaefer, Nicola K; Oakes, Harrison

    2014-05-01

    People are motivated to behave selfishly while appearing moral. This tension gives rise to 2 divergently motivated selves. The actor-the watched self-tends to be moral; the agent-the self as executor-tends to be selfish. Three studies present direct evidence of the actor's and agent's distinct motives. To recruit the self-as-actor, we asked people to rate the importance of various goals. To recruit the self-as-agent, we asked people to describe their goals verbally. In Study 1, actors claimed their goals were equally about helping the self and others (viz., moral); agents claimed their goals were primarily about helping the self (viz., selfish). This disparity was evident in both individualist and collectivist cultures, attesting to the universality of the selfish agent. Study 2 compared actors' and agents' motives to those of people role-playing highly prosocial or selfish exemplars. In content (Study 2a) and in the impressions they made on an outside observer (Study 2b), actors' motives were similar to those of the prosocial role-players, whereas agents' motives were similar to those of the selfish role-players. Study 3 accounted for the difference between the actor and agent: Participants claimed that their agent's motives were the more realistic and that their actor's motives were the more idealistic. The selfish agent/moral actor duality may account for why implicit and explicit measures of the same construct diverge, and why feeling watched brings out the better angels of human nature.

  11. Global Projection of Coastal Exposure Associated with Sea-level Rise beyond Tipping Points

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tawatari, R.; Miyazaki, C.; Iseri, Y.; Kiguchi, M.; Kanae, S.

    2015-12-01

    Sea-level rise due to global warming becomes a great matter of concern for global coastal area. Additionally, it has reported in fifth report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) that deglaciation of Greenland ice sheet and Antarctic ice sheet would occur rapidly and enhance sea-level rise if temperature passes certain "Tipping point". In terms of projecting damage induced by sea-level rise globally, some previous studies focused on duration until mainly 2100. Furthermore long-term estimations on centuries to millennial climatic response of the ice sheets which are supposed to be triggered within this or next century would be also important to think about future climate and lifestyle in coastal . In this study, I estimated the long term sea-level which take into account the tipping points of Greenland ice sheet (1.4℃) as sum of 4 factors (thermal expansion, glacier and ice cap, Greenland ice sheet, Antarctic ice sheet). The sea-level follows 4 representative concentration pathways up to 3000 obtained through literature reviewing since there were limited available sea-level projections up to 3000. I also estimated a number of affected population lives in coastal area up to 3000 with using the estimated sea-level. The cost for damage, adaptation and mitigation would be also discussed. These estimations would be useful when decision-makers propose policies for construction of dikes and proposing mitigation plans for sustainable future. The result indicates there would be large and relatively rapid increases in both sea-level rise and coastal exposure if global mean temperature passes the tipping point of Greenland ice sheet. However the tipping points, melting rate and timescale of response are highly uncertain and still discussed among experts. Thus more precise and credible information is required for further accurate estimation of long-term sea-level rise and population exposure in the future.

  12. The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Swezey, Christopher; Fitzwater, Bradley A.; Whittecar, G. Richard; Mahan, Shannon; Garrity, Christopher P.; Aleman Gonzalez, Wilma B.; Dobbs, Kerby M.

    2016-01-01

    The Carolina Sandhills is a physiographic region of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province in the southeastern United States. In Chesterfield County (South Carolina), the surficial sand of this region is the Pinehurst Formation, which is interpreted as eolian sand derived from the underlying Cretaceous Middendorf Formation. This sand has yielded three clusters of optically stimulated luminescence ages: (1) 75 to 37 thousand years ago (ka), coincident with growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet; (2) 28 to 18 ka, coincident with the last glacial maximum (LGM); and (3) 12 to 6 ka, mostly coincident with the Younger Dryas through final collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Relict dune morphologies are consistent with winds from the west or northwest, coincident with modern and inferred LGM January wind directions. Sand sheets are more common than dunes because of effects of coarse grain size (mean range: 0.35–0.59 mm) and vegetation. The coarse grain size would have required LGM wind velocities of at least 4–6 m/sec, accounting for effects of colder air temperatures on eolian sand transport. The eolian interpretation of the Carolina Sandhills is consistent with other evidence for eolian activity in the southeastern United States during the last glaciation.

  13. Estimation Model for Magnetic Properties of Stamped Electrical Steel Sheet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kashiwara, Yoshiyuki; Fujimura, Hiroshi; Okamura, Kazuo; Imanishi, Kenji; Yashiki, Hiroyoshi

    Less deterioration in magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets in the process of stamping out iron-core are necessary in order to maintain its performance. First, the influence of plastic strain and stress on magnetic properties was studied by test pieces, in which plastic strain was added uniformly and residual stress was not induced. Because the influence of plastic strain was expressed by equivalent plastic strain, at each equivalent plastic strain state the influence of load stress was investigated. Secondly, elastic limit was determined about 60% of macroscopic yield point (MYP), and it was found to agree with stress limit inducing irreversible deterioration in magnetic properties. Therefore simulation models, where beyond elastic limit plastic deformation begins and magnetic properties are deteriorated steeply, are proposed. Besides considered points in the deformation analysis are strain-rate sensitivity of flow stress, anisotropy under deformation, and influence of stress triaxiality on fracture. Finally, proposed models have been shown to be valid, because magnetic properties of 5mm width rectangular sheets stamped out from non-oriented electrical steel sheet (35A250 JIS grade) can be estimated with good accuracy. It is concluded that the elastic limit must be taken into account in both stamping process simulation and magnetic field calculation.

  14. Ku/Ka band observations over polar ice sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thibaut, Pierre; Lasne, Yannick; Guillot, Amandine; Picot, Nicolas; Rémy, Frédérique

    2015-04-01

    For the first time, comparisons between Ku and Ka altimeter measurements are possible thanks to the new AltiKa instrument embarked onboard the Saral mission launched on February 25, 2013. This comparison is of particular interest when dealing with ice sheet observations because both frequencies have different penetration characteristics. We propose in this paper to revisit the estimation of the ice sheet topography (and other related parameters) with altimeter systems and to present illustrations of the differences observed in Ku and Ka bands using AltiKa, Envisat/RA-2 but also Cryosat-2 measurements. Working on AltiKa waveforms in the frame of the PEACHI project has allowed us to better understand the impact of the penetration depth on the echo shape, to improve the estimation algorithm and to compare its output with historical results obtained on Envisat and ERS missions. In particular, analyses at cross-overs of the Cryosat-2 and Saral data will be presented. Sentinel-3 mission should be launch during 2015. Operating in Ku band and in delay/doppler mode, it will be crucial to account for penetration effects in order to accurately derive the ice sheet heights and trends. The results of the work presented here, will benefit to the Sentinel-3 mission.

  15. Small-Scale Terrorist Attacks Using Chemical and Biological Agents: An Assessment Framework and Preliminary Comparisons

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-06-23

    Vibrio cholerae ) + — — — + Unknown Salmonella Typhimurium + — + — — Unknown Typhoid fever (Salmonella Typhi) + O — — — Unknown Source: This...disseminated by contamination of food or drink. Cholera bb ( Vibrio cholerae ) Cholera occurs in many of the developing countries of Africa and Asia...diseaseinfo/cholera_g.htm]; the Health Canada Material Safety Data Sheet - Infectious Substances for Vibrio cholerae , found online at [http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca

  16. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance and oil-absorbability of N-doped graphene aerogel by using amino-functionalized silica as template and doping agent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Yongxu; Liu, Libin; Xiang, Yu; Zhang, Qiang

    2018-03-01

    The development of novel energy storage devices with high power density and energy density is highly desired. However, as a promising material, the strong π-π interaction of graphene inhibits its applications. Herein, we provide a new approach that amino-functionalized silica are used as both templates to prevent the restacking of the graphene sheets and doping agents simultaneously. The microstructures, porous properties and chemical composition of the resulted N-doped reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aerogels, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, indicate that the amount of SiO2-NH2 has profound effects on the surface area and carbon activity of the graphene sheets. Benefiting from the large specific surface area of 481.8 m2 g-1, low series resistances and high nitrogen doping content (4.4 atom%), the as-fabricated 3D hierarchical porous N-doped RGO aerogel electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance in aqueous and organic electrolyte, such as ultrahigh specific capacitances of 350 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and excellent reversibility with a cycling efficiency of 88% after 10000 cycles. In addition, the N-doped RGO aerogels possess high oil-absorbability with long recyclability.

  17. 75 FR 43110 - User Fees Relating to Enrollment and Preparer Tax Identification Numbers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-23

    ... certified public accountants, attorneys, enrolled agents, or registered tax return preparers are denied.... Except as provided in any transitional period, only attorneys, certified public accountants, enrolled... public accountants (NAICS code 541211). Entities identified as tax preparation services and offices of...

  18. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Method of payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 4 Method of payment. The General Agent shall prepare check drawn on the NSA Special bank account...

  19. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Method of payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 4 Method of payment. The General Agent shall prepare check drawn on the NSA Special bank account...

  20. 46 CFR Sec. 4 - Method of payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... AGENTS IN PREPARATION OF INVOICES AND PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION PURSUANT TO PROVISIONS OF NSA ORDER NO. 47 Sec. 4 Method of payment. The General Agent shall prepare check drawn on the NSA Special bank account...

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