Sample records for agreements affect access

  1. Protecting Pharmaceutical Patents and Test Data: How the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Could Affect Access to Medicines in the US and Abroad.

    PubMed

    Luo, Jing; Kesselheim, Aaron S

    2016-07-01

    The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement is a proposed free trade agreement between the US and 11 other countries in Asia and South America covering many consumer goods, including prescription medicines. This review describes how the TPP could affect international laws governing intellectual property rights for prescription drugs, focusing on patents and exclusivity protections for test data, including their effect on reimbursement decisions by national health care authorities responsible for health priority setting. We conclude that the TPP could affect low-income patients' access to medicines in signatory countries. © 2016 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. ISSN 2376-6980.

  2. Subject Access to Government Documents in an Era of Globalization: Intellectual Bundling of Entities Affected by the Decisions of Supranational Organizations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dilevko, Juris

    2002-01-01

    Discusses the need for a new model for subject access to government information in academic libraries as a result of the growing influence of supranational organizations. Highlights include the World Trade Organization (WT); ruling under transnational economic agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); private sector…

  3. Impacts of international trade, services and investment treaties on alcohol regulation.

    PubMed

    Grieshaber-Otto, J; Sinclair, S; Schacter, N

    2000-12-01

    There is an underlying incompatibility between government efforts to minimize the harm associated with alcohol, particularly by regulating its supply, and international commercial treaties that promote the freer flow of goods, services and investment. These treaties have already forced changes to many government measures affecting alcohol availability and control, primarily by constraining the activities of government alcohol monopolies and by altering taxation regimes. The North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization agreements open new avenues for challenges against alcohol control measures. Some of these agreements extend beyond trade, border measures and differential taxation and allow challenges that intrude into areas of non-discriminatory domestic regulation affecting market access, intellectual property, investment and services. Effective protection from these agreements for vital public health measures has rarely been obtained, although it is increasingly essential. The WTO "services" agreement, basically unknown to the public, is currently being re-negotiated and poses the gravest new challenge to policies designed to influence patterns of alcohol use and minimize alcohol-related harm. In future, these international agreements will probably affect adversely those alcohol approaches considered to be the most effective or promising. These include: maintaining effective state monopolies, restricting the number and locations of retail outlets, taxing and regulating beverages according to alcohol strength, restricting commercial advertising, and maintaining and enhancing public alcohol education and treatment programs. These effects can, in turn, be expected to increase the availability and access to alcohol, to lower alcohol taxes, and to increase advertising and promotion, resulting in increased alcohol consumption and associated health problems. Until more balanced international rules are developed, the challenge facing alcohol policy researchers is to defend national and local alcohol measures from further erosion. This will require greater coordination with researchers in other affected sectors, intervention with government representatives in health and related areas and the promotion of alternative approaches to current international commercial agreements.

  4. Should non-citizens have access to publicly funded health care?: a study of public attitudes and their affecting factors.

    PubMed

    Sun, L-Y; Lee, E-W; Zahra, A; Park, J-H

    2015-09-01

    To analyse public attitudes towards access for non-citizens to publicly funded health care and to assess the factors that affect such attitudes. Cross-sectional study. Data from 29 countries were used for a multilevel regression, and data from four countries (United States, Sweden, Philippines, and Korea) were used for a linear regression. The data were collected from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations. The dependent variable was considered to be agreement for non-citizen access to publicly funded health care. The independent variables included: the gross national income (GNI), the gross national income coefficient (GINI), sex, age, education, household income, employment, health insurance, self-related health status, chronic illness, percent having insurance, percent having public insurance, percent employed, percent migrants, percent of health expenditure of the total gross domestic product (GDP), and percent of social expenditure of the total GDP. Egalitarianism for education policy (EEP), egalitarianism for health policy (EHP), and willingness to contribute to an egalitarian health policy (WCHP) were also examined. In the countries surveyed, more than half of the citizens agreed that non-citizens should have access to publicly funded health care. Agreement with that statement had a negative trend with respect to the GNI. The percent having public insurance and WCHP had a significantly positive association with agreement while the percent of those with insurance had a negative relationship. In the USA, household income, EHP, and WCHP were positively associated with agreement, while females were inversely associated with agreement. In Sweden, having health insurance had an inverse association to agreement while females, postsecondary education, health insurance coverage, and WCHP were positively associated with agreement. In the Philippines, household income, EEP, and EHP had significant negative associations with agreement while WCHP had a positive relationship. In Korea, household income and self-rated health status were positively associated with agreement, while postsecondary education had a negative association. Public attitudes towards allowing non-citizens to have access to publicly funded health care present high levels of variation, even among developed countries or countries with similar GDPs. The specific socio-economic conditions within a country and an individual's own social, demographic, and economic background can have different effects on the individual's attitudes towards non-citizens. On a global level, coverage of public health insurance plays an important role for enhancing the public's positive attitudes towards non-citizens' access to publicly funded health care. On a national level, health care policies tailored toward non-citizens based on the specific situation of each country and region are necessary. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. How the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement could undermine PHARMAC and threaten access to affordable medicines and health equity in New Zealand.

    PubMed

    Gleeson, Deborah; Lopert, Ruth; Reid, Papaarangi

    2013-10-01

    New Zealand's Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) has been highly successful in facilitating affordable access to medicines through a combination of aggressive price negotiations, innovative procurement mechanisms, and careful evaluation of value for money. Recently the US government, through the establishment of a series of bilateral and plurilateral "free" trade agreements, has attempted to constrain the pharmaceutical access programs of other countries in order to promote the interests of the pharmaceutical industry. The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) represents the latest example; through the TPPA the US is seeking to eliminate therapeutic reference pricing, introduce appeals processes for pharmaceutical companies to challenge formulary listing and pricing decisions, and introduce onerous disclosure and "transparency" provisions that facilitate industry involvement in decision-making around coverage and pricing of medicines (and medical devices). This paper argues that the US agenda, if successfully prosecuted, would be likely to increase costs and reduce access to affordable medicines for New Zealanders. This would in turn be likely to exacerbate known inequities in access to medicines and thus disproportionately affect disadvantaged population groups, including Māori and Pacific peoples. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  6. The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement and access to HIV treatment in Vietnam.

    PubMed

    Moir, Hazel V J; Tenni, Brigitte; Gleeson, Deborah; Lopert, Ruth

    2018-04-01

    In the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement negotiations, the USA successfully pursued intellectual property (IP) provisions that will affect the affordability of medicines, including anti-retrovirals (ARV) for HIV. Vietnam has the lowest GDP per capita of the 12 TPP countries and in 2013 provided ARVs for only 68% of eligible people living with HIV. Using the current Vietnamese IP regime as our base case, we analysed the potential impact of a regime making full use of legal IP flexibilities, and one based on the IP provisions of the final, agreed TPP text. Results indicate that at current funding levels 82% of Vietnam's eligible people living with HIV would receive ARVs if legal flexibilities were fully utilised, while as few as 30% may have access to ARVs under the TPP Agreement - more than halving the proportion currently treated.

  7. 76 FR 77998 - Market Access Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-15

    ... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION Market Access Agreement AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION: Notice of approval of the Draft Second Amended and Restated Market Access Agreement. SUMMARY: The Farm... Access Agreement (Draft Second Restated MAA) proposed to be entered into by all of the banks of the Farm...

  8. The trends and constructive ambiguity in international agreements on intellectual property and pharmaceutical affairs: Implications for domestic legislations in low- and middle-income countries.

    PubMed

    Son, Kyung-Bok; Lee, Tae-Jin

    2017-06-06

    The purpose of this study is to analyse the trends in international agreements including Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Korea-United States Free Trade Agreements, and Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreements on intellectual property and pharmaceutical affairs with the updated framework. The study also assesses constructive ambiguity in international agreements, which might affect the implementation process through interpretation and domestic legislations. Five flexibility clauses and three TRIPS-plus provisions were selected, and presence of constructive ambiguity in the agreements was analysed to draw actual trends in international agreements. Flexibility provisions excluding compulsory licensing were not noticeably changed, and TRIPS-plus provisions including data exclusivity and patent linkage were expanded in scope or newly appeared, respectively. The clause regarding compulsory licensing, extension of the patent term, data exclusivity, and patent linkage showed unclear definitions or the lack of adequate explanations. With constructive ambiguity in those clauses, a country who wants to join international agreements in the near future could amend domestic legislations to minimise the detrimental effect of international agreements on access to medicines.

  9. Phase 2 of CATALISE: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus Study of Problems with Language Development--Terminology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Snowling, Margaret J.; Thompson, Paul A.; Greenhalgh, Trisha

    2017-01-01

    Background: Lack of agreement about criteria and terminology for children's language problems affects access to services as well as hindering research and practice. We report the second phase of a study using an online Delphi method to address these issues. In the first phase, we focused on criteria for language disorder. Here we consider…

  10. Agreement between Self-Report and Archival Public Service Utilization Data among Chronically Homeless Individuals with Severe Alcohol Problems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clifasefi, Seema L.; Collins, Susan E.; Tanzer, Kenneth; Burlingham, Bonnie; Hoang, Sara E.; Larimer, Mary E.

    2011-01-01

    Public service utilization data are often used as key outcomes in studies on homelessness. Although self-report data on these outcomes are accessible and cost-effective, various factors may affect retrospective recall in homeless populations. It is therefore necessary to establish validity of self-report to ensure the integrity of studies…

  11. 40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - EPA Transition Policy-Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Consulting Engineering Agreements D Appendix D to Subpart E of Part 35 Protection of Environment... Transition Policy—Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements a. access to records—audit 1. Access clause... access clause is included in the consulting engineering subagreement. The clause contained in appendix C...

  12. 40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - EPA Transition Policy-Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Consulting Engineering Agreements D Appendix D to Subpart E of Part 35 Protection of Environment... Transition Policy—Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements a. access to records—audit 1. Access clause... access clause is included in the consulting engineering subagreement. The clause contained in appendix C...

  13. 40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - EPA Transition Policy-Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Consulting Engineering Agreements D Appendix D to Subpart E of Part 35 Protection of Environment... Transition Policy—Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements a. access to records—audit 1. Access clause... access clause is included in the consulting engineering subagreement. The clause contained in appendix C...

  14. 40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - EPA Transition Policy-Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Consulting Engineering Agreements D Appendix D to Subpart E of Part 35 Protection of Environment... Transition Policy—Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements a. access to records—audit 1. Access clause... access clause is included in the consulting engineering subagreement. The clause contained in appendix C...

  15. 40 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - EPA Transition Policy-Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Consulting Engineering Agreements D Appendix D to Subpart E of Part 35 Protection of Environment... Transition Policy—Existing Consulting Engineering Agreements a. access to records—audit 1. Access clause... access clause is included in the consulting engineering subagreement. The clause contained in appendix C...

  16. 20 CFR 625.18 - Public access to Agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Public access to Agreements. 625.18 Section 625.18 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DISASTER UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE § 625.18 Public access to Agreements. The State agency of a State will make available...

  17. Finding Food Deserts: A Comparison of Methods Measuring Spatial Access to Food Stores.

    PubMed

    Jaskiewicz, Lara; Block, Daniel; Chavez, Noel

    2016-05-01

    Public health research has increasingly focused on how access to resources affects health behaviors. Mapping environmental factors, such as distance to a supermarket, can identify intervention points toward improving food access in low-income and minority communities. However, the existing literature provides little guidance on choosing the most appropriate measures of spatial access. This study compared the results of different measures of spatial access to large food stores and the locations of high and low access identified by each. The data set included U.S. Census population data and the locations of large food stores in the six-county area around Chicago, Illinois. Six measures of spatial access were calculated at the census block group level and the results compared. The analysis found that there was little agreement in the identified locations of high or low access between measures. This study illustrates the importance of considering the access measure used when conducting research, interpreting results, or comparing studies. Future research should explore the correlation of different measures with health behaviors and health outcomes. © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.

  18. Affordable antiretroviral drugs for the under-served markets: how to expand equitable access against the backdrop of challenging scenarios?

    PubMed

    Dionisio, Daniele; Cao, Yunzhen; Hongzhou, Lu; Kraisintu, Krisana; Messeri, Daniela

    2006-01-01

    Threats by enforced Intellectual Property (IP) rights to equitable HIV treatment access by poor populations are impending. India and China's policy directions in the field will be crucial in ultimately affecting the affordability and accessibility of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the under-served markets. These directions, together with the exploitation level of IP-bound flexibilities and the evolutionary modelling in partnerships and trade agreements between research-based and generic pharmaceutical industry, will also affect the outcomes of self-sufficiency efforts now at their beginning in the developing world as far as domestic manufacturing of generic ARV drugs is concerned. This paper explores key issues, implications and interaction dynamics across these challenging scenarios while attempting to provide equitable solution glimpses into the near future. Access-oriented long-term drug policy strategies entitled to pass muster of governments, research-based as well as generic industries in both developed and developing countries are needed if equitable access to affordable ARV treatments by poor people has to be achieved despite enforced IP rights. Predictable dynamics between western multinationals and transitional country generic corporations let regard IP-bound Voluntary License flexibilities as a fitting measure into just mentioned needs especially if substantial incentives to generic corporations are concurrently secured. Efforts to equitably expand ARV drug access through exploiting IP opportunities should encompass attainment of self-sufficiency in domestic drug manufacturing whenever basic requirements are in place in the developing world as a whole. A credible industrial potential would act, indeed, as a boosting factor for drawing branded drug producers into technology transfer agreements, the terms of which would let all contractors enjoy substantial advantages. These perspectives consistently bind up with the foreseeable long-term trade and drug policy directions of India and China according to frontier crossing implications of their key IP management trends as well as their multifaceted penetration strategies of both the wealthy and under-served markets worldwide. As coherent with these perspectives, more disbursement by wealthy country governments and donors to basic infrastructure development in sub-Saharan African nations with stable governments in place is urged both as a priority for improving Africa's economy and a prerequisite for allowing domestic industrial plants to take off. Aiming at the targets just underscored, WHO's brokering role in negotiated agreements between wealthy and developing country-based firms as well as its technical guidance in setting international standards have always to be sought if equitable and appropriate end results are to be attained. Overall insights in this paper would mean that, while research-based corporations are to be praised whenever waiving, on humanitarian purposes, part of their profits, the trade and profit rules cannot basically be given up if long-term sustainable results are the goal to look for. Only negotiated agreements securing all contracting parties lasting advantages may ensure shifting of such a goal from mere vision to a really sustainable attainment.

  19. English Universities, Additional Fee Income and Access Agreements: Their Impact on Widening Participation and Fair Access

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCaig, Colin; Adnett, Nick

    2009-01-01

    This paper argues that the introduction of access agreements following the establishment of the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) has consolidated how English higher education institutions (HEIs) position themselves in the marketplace in relation to widening participation. However, the absence of a national bursary scheme has led to obfuscation rather…

  20. [Innovative medicines and market access agreements].

    PubMed

    Toumi, M; Zard, J; Duvillard, R; Jommi, C

    2013-09-01

    Market Access Agreements (MAA) for drugs have emerged in response to the need to control health expenditures, as well as to the uncertainty about the true benefit of a drug. It is possible to group MAA in two types of agreements: financial agreements and outcome-based agreements. MAA is a growing trend and is shifting towards conditional access. However, the willingness to use these contracts and their implementation differ across countries, and some are still resistant to put them in place. The MAA challenges to overcome encompass the complexity of the schemes, the administrative burden and the difficulty of evaluating MAA. It is likely that these agreements might experience further evolution in the future to become a faster pathway for therapeutic innovations, at a fair price. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  1. A person is not a number: discourse involvement in subject-verb agreement computation.

    PubMed

    Mancini, Simona; Molinaro, Nicola; Rizzi, Luigi; Carreiras, Manuel

    2011-09-02

    Agreement is a very important mechanism for language processing. Mainstream psycholinguistic research on subject-verb agreement processing has emphasized the purely formal and encapsulated nature of this phenomenon, positing an equivalent access to person and number features. However, person and number are intrinsically different, because person conveys extra-syntactic information concerning the participants in the speech act. To test the person-number dissociation hypothesis we investigated the neural correlates of subject-verb agreement in Spanish, using person and number violations. While number agreement violations produced a left-anterior negativity followed by a P600 with a posterior distribution, the negativity elicited by person anomalies had a centro-posterior maximum and was followed by a P600 effect that was frontally distributed in the early phase and posteriorly distributed in the late phase. These data reveal that the parser is differentially sensitive to the two features and that it deals with the two anomalies by adopting different strategies, due to the different levels of analysis affected by the person and number violations. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. 32 CFR 3.7 - Comptroller General access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THAN CONTRACTS, GRANTS, OR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS FOR PROTOTYPE PROJECTS § 3.7 Comptroller General access. (a) A clause must be included in solicitations and agreements for prototype projects awarded...

  3. The Trans-Pacific Partnership and pharmaceutical innovation.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Robert A

    2016-01-01

    Trade agreements are an overlooked area of research and policy analysis that affect market access, pricing and reimbursement decisions by pharmaceutical manufacturers, and research and development decisions in the long term. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the most recent multi-national agreement under considerations that may have profound implications in developed and developing countries in the Pacific Rim. As in the case of other trade arrangements, the TPP negotiations are not transparent, but a major leak of the most recent draft has been published in WikiLeaks. The leaked document has raised a number of concerns about intellectual property rights (IPR) and regulatory data protection (RDP) that have implications for public health and economic policy throughout the region. In particular, IPR and RDP go beyond the minimum standards set under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and may affect drug access negatively by delaying generic drug and biosimilar product availability and by raising prices by removing national regulations dealing with drug pricing and reimbursement. Of particular concern is the establishment of a litigation process where multi-national companies can sue individual countries before a panel of private attorneys who are appointed by the World Bank or United Nations. This paper addresses these concerns along with a commentary on the likelihood of occurring and the need for future research. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. 75 FR 4101 - Enterprise Income Verification (EIV) System User Access Authorization Form and Rules of Behavior...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-26

    ... Verification (EIV) System User Access Authorization Form and Rules of Behavior and User Agreement AGENCY... lists the following information: Title of Proposal: Enterprise Income Verification (EIV) System User Access, Authorization Form and Rules Of Behavior and User Agreement. OMB Approval Number: 2577-New. Form...

  5. Managing tissue bank access to the OR for tissue recovery.

    PubMed

    Trim, Robert S

    2011-08-01

    Hospitals often have tissue recovery service agreements with regional tissue banks to facilitate the donation process. The agreements that outline the tissue bank-hospital relationship frequently allow tissue bank personnel to perform tissue recovery procedures in the referring hospital's OR and may or may not specify any preparatory orientation or any written protocols for tissue bank staff members to follow. This creates the potential for unintentional breaches of protocol that can affect operation of equipment or result in contamination that may put surgical patients and staff members at risk. The OR manager is responsible for establishing appropriate orientation plans for tissue bank employees to ensure they understand and adhere to the hospital's protocols. Copyright © 2011 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. [Market access agreements: Definition and features. Could MAA be defined as a solution for immunotherapy funding by French health system?

    PubMed

    Ceyrac, T; Corny, J; Raybaut, C; Degrassat-Théas, A; Paubel, P

    2018-03-21

    Over the last few years, many therapeutic innovations have been approved and marketed in France, within a strained financial setting. Legal dispositions allowed manufacturers (LEEM - les enterprises du medicament) and the economic committee for health products (CEPS) to contract various confidential market access agreements to contain health product expenses. The purposes of this article are to define and describe these different existing market access agreements and to open discussion on their applicability to the problematic of immune-oncology drugs financing. Financial agreements, which led to major savings (discounts refunded to the public payer), have not responded completely to the therapeutic innovations financing problems. Performance agreements (funding based on real-life data and effectiveness of the drug) constitute a hope for health products financing, but major methodological challenges for their use in routine restrict them to rare cases only today. Even though several financial agreements could partly respond to this problematic, use of performance agreements could really constitute an interesting track to tackle this issue. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

  7. Implications of bilateral free trade agreements on access to medicines.

    PubMed Central

    Correa, Carlos María

    2006-01-01

    The TRIPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) mandated the introduction of protection of intellectual property rights, notably patents, for pharmaceutical products. While the implications for the access to medicines contained in the terms of this Agreement raised significant concerns, a recent new wave of free trade agreements, negotiated outside the WTO, requires even higher levels of intellectual property protection for medicines than those mandated by that Agreement. The measures involved include the extension of the patent term beyond 20 years; prohibition of use of test data on drug efficacy and safety for certain periods for the approval of generic products; the linkage between drug registration and patent protection; in some cases, limitations to the grounds for granting compulsory licences. This article reviews some of these measures that further limit the competition of generic products and discusses their possible implication for access to medicines. PMID:16710551

  8. Agreement between Medline searches using the Medline-CD-Rom and Internet Pubmed, BioMedNet, Medscape and Gateway search-engines.

    PubMed

    Caro-Rojas, Rosa Angela; Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier H

    2005-01-01

    To compare the information obtained from the Medline database using Internet commercial search engines with that obtained from a compact disc (Medline-CD). An agreement study was carried out based on 101 clinical scenarios provided by specialists in internal medicine, pharmacy, gynaecology-obstetrics, surgery and paediatrics. 175 search strategies were employed using the connector AND plus text within quotation marks. The search was limited to 1991-1999. Internet search-engines were selected by common criteria. Identical search strategies were independently applied to and masked from Internet search engines, as well as the Medline-CD. 3,488 articles were obtained using 129 search strategies. Agreement with the Medline-CD was 54% for PubMed, 57% for Gateway, 54% for Medscape and 65% for BioMedNet. The highest agreement rate for a given speciality (paediatrics) was 78.1% for BioMedNet, having greater -/- than +/+ agreement. Even though free access to Medline has encouraged the boom and growth of evidence-based medicine, these results must be considered within the context of which search engine was selected for doing the searches. The Internet search engines studied showed a poor agreement with the Medline-CD, the rate of agreement differing according to speciality, thus significantly affecting searches and their reproducibility. Software designed for conducting Medline database searches, including the Medline-CD, must be standardised and validated.

  9. Signing of ESO-Poland Accession Agreement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2014-12-01

    An agreement was signed by Professor Lena Kolarska-Bobińska, the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education, and the ESO Director General Tim de Zeeuw in Warsaw on 28 October 2014 that will lead to the country joining ESO. The signing of the agreement followed its unanimous approval by the ESO Council during an extraordinary meeting on 8 October 2014. Poland will be welcomed as a new Member State, following subsequent ratification of the accession agreement by the Polish Parliament. Tim de Zeeuw’s speech at this ceremony is reproduced below.

  10. 28 CFR 20.21 - Preparation and submission of a Criminal History Record Information Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., evaluative, or statistical activities pursuant to an agreement with a criminal justice agency. The agreement shall specifically authorize access to data, limit the use of data to research, evaluative, or... technologically advanced software and hardware designs are instituted to prevent unauthorized access to such...

  11. 28 CFR 20.21 - Preparation and submission of a Criminal History Record Information Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., evaluative, or statistical activities pursuant to an agreement with a criminal justice agency. The agreement shall specifically authorize access to data, limit the use of data to research, evaluative, or... technologically advanced software and hardware designs are instituted to prevent unauthorized access to such...

  12. 28 CFR 20.21 - Preparation and submission of a Criminal History Record Information Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., evaluative, or statistical activities pursuant to an agreement with a criminal justice agency. The agreement shall specifically authorize access to data, limit the use of data to research, evaluative, or... technologically advanced software and hardware designs are instituted to prevent unauthorized access to such...

  13. 28 CFR 20.21 - Preparation and submission of a Criminal History Record Information Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., evaluative, or statistical activities pursuant to an agreement with a criminal justice agency. The agreement shall specifically authorize access to data, limit the use of data to research, evaluative, or... technologically advanced software and hardware designs are instituted to prevent unauthorized access to such...

  14. 28 CFR 20.21 - Preparation and submission of a Criminal History Record Information Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., evaluative, or statistical activities pursuant to an agreement with a criminal justice agency. The agreement shall specifically authorize access to data, limit the use of data to research, evaluative, or... technologically advanced software and hardware designs are instituted to prevent unauthorized access to such...

  15. 32 CFR 37.875 - Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology? 37.875 Section 37.875 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms...

  16. 32 CFR 37.875 - Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology? 37.875 Section 37.875 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms...

  17. 32 CFR 37.875 - Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology? 37.875 Section 37.875 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms...

  18. 32 CFR 37.875 - Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology? 37.875 Section 37.875 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms...

  19. 32 CFR 37.875 - Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Should my TIA include a provision concerning foreign access to technology? 37.875 Section 37.875 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms...

  20. Improving Access to the Baccalaureate: Articulation Agreements and the National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zinser, Richard W.; Hanssen, Carl E.

    2006-01-01

    This article presents an analysis of national data from the Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program regarding articulation agreements for the transfer of 2-year technical degrees to baccalaureate degrees. Quantitative and qualitative data are illustrated to help explain the extent to which ATE projects improve access to universities for…

  1. 76 FR 55061 - Two Proposed CERCLA Administrative Settlement Agreements for Long-Term Access at the Bountiful...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-06

    ..., Utah. The proposed Settlement Agreements are with Davis County and Security Investment Ltd... CERCLA civil liability at their respective properties will be resolved. The Settlement Agreements include...

  2. Partnering with NASA: An Overview

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, Gary

    2017-01-01

    Partnerships is an important part of doing business at NASA. NASA partners with external organizations to access capabilities under collaborative agreements; enters into agreements for partner access to NASA capabilities; expand overall landscape of space activity; and spurring innovation. NASA partnerships consist of Reimbursable and Non-Reimbursable Space Act Agreements. Partnerships at Ames aligns with Ames' core competencies, and Partners often office in the NASA Research Park, which is an established regional innovation cluster that facilitates commercialization and services as a technology accelerator via onsite collaborations between NASA and its partners.

  3. Challenges in Promoting Joint Use Agreements: Experiences From Community Transformation Grant Awardees in North Carolina, Illinois, and Wisconsin, 2011–2014

    PubMed Central

    Baldyga, William; Hilgendorf, Amy; Walker, Jennifer Gilchrist; Hewson, Danielle; Rhew, Lori; Uskali, Amber

    2015-01-01

    Community Transformation Grant awardees in North Carolina, Illinois, and Wisconsin promoted joint use agreements (formal agreements between 2 parties for the shared use of land or facilities) as a strategy to increase access to physical activity in their states. However, awardees experienced significant barriers to establishing joint use agreements, including 1) confusion about terminology and an aversion to complex legal contracts, 2) lack of applicability to single organizations with open use policies, and 3) questionable value in nonurban areas where open lands for physical activity are often available and where the need is instead for physical activity programs and infrastructure. Furthermore, promotion of formal agreements may unintentionally reduce access by raising concerns regarding legal risks and costs associated with existing shared use of land. Thus, joint use agreements have practical limitations that should be considered when selecting among strategies to promote physical activity participation. PMID:25880770

  4. Challenges in promoting joint use agreements: experiences from Community Transformation Grant awardees in North Carolina, Illinois, and Wisconsin, 2011-2014.

    PubMed

    Stein, Anna; Baldyga, William; Hilgendorf, Amy; Walker, Jennifer Gilchrist; Hewson, Danielle; Rhew, Lori; Uskali, Amber

    2015-04-16

    Community Transformation Grant awardees in North Carolina, Illinois, and Wisconsin promoted joint use agreements (formal agreements between 2 parties for the shared use of land or facilities) as a strategy to increase access to physical activity in their states. However, awardees experienced significant barriers to establishing joint use agreements, including 1) confusion about terminology and an aversion to complex legal contracts, 2) lack of applicability to single organizations with open use policies, and 3) questionable value in nonurban areas where open lands for physical activity are often available and where the need is instead for physical activity programs and infrastructure. Furthermore, promotion of formal agreements may unintentionally reduce access by raising concerns regarding legal risks and costs associated with existing shared use of land. Thus, joint use agreements have practical limitations that should be considered when selecting among strategies to promote physical activity participation.

  5. 46 CFR 280.8 - Certain ODS agreement provisions not affected.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Certain ODS agreement provisions not affected. 280.8 Section 280.8 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... LINER OPERATORS § 280.8 Certain ODS agreement provisions not affected. The provisions of this part are...

  6. Annuity payments can increase patient access to innovative cell and gene therapies under England’s net budget impact test

    PubMed Central

    Jørgensen, Jesper; Kefalas, Panos

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Background: Cell and gene therapies have the potential to provide therapeutic breakthroughs, but the high costs of researching, developing, manufacturing and delivering them translate into prices that may challenge healthcare budgets. Various measures exist that aim to address the affordability challenge, including reducing price, limiting patient numbers and/or linking remuneration to product performance. Objective: To explore how the net budget impact test recently introduced in England can affect patient access to high-value, one-off cell and gene therapies, and how managed entry agreements can improve access. Methods: We use a hypothetical example where a new high-value, one-off therapy launches in an indication where it displaces a relatively low cost chronic treatment. We calculate the number of patients that can be treated without exceeding the £20 million net budget impact threshold, and compare results for scenarios where a full upfront payment is used, and where annuity-based payments are used. Results: Charging a full upfront payment at the time of treatment can lead to suboptimal patient access. Conclusion: Annuity-based payments in combination with an outcomes-based remuneration scheme reduce consequences of decision uncertainty and can increase patient access, without exceeding the net budget impact test. PMID:28839525

  7. 32 CFR 37.915 - What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA? 37.915 Section 37.915 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

  8. 32 CFR 37.915 - What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA? 37.915 Section 37.915 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

  9. 32 CFR 37.915 - What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA? 37.915 Section 37.915 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

  10. 32 CFR 37.915 - What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What requirement for access to a for-profit participant's records do I include in a TIA? 37.915 Section 37.915 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

  11. TRIPS, the Doha declaration and paragraph 6 decision: what are the remaining steps for protecting access to medicines?

    PubMed Central

    Kerry, Vanessa Bradford; Lee, Kelley

    2007-01-01

    Background The World Trade Organisation's Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (known as the Doha Declaration) of 2001, and subsequent Decision on the Interpretation of Paragraph 6 reached in 2003, affirmed the flexibilities available under the Agreement on Trade Related Property Rights (TRIPS) to member states seeking to protect public health. Despite these important clarifications, the actual implementation of these measures to improve access to medicines remains uncertain. There are also concerns that so-called TRIPS-plus measures within many regional and bilateral trade agreements are further undermining the capacity of the poor to access affordable medicines. Methods The paper reviews policy debates among governments, nongovernmental organisations and international organisations from 1995, and notably since 2003, surrounding access to medicines and trade agreements. The provisions for protecting public health provided by the Doha Declaration and Paragraph 6 Decision are reviewed in terms of challenges for implementation, along with measures to protect intellectual property rights (IPRs) under selected regional and bilateral trade agreements. Results While provisions, in principle, were affirmed for member states under the TRIPS agreement to protect public health, numerous challenges remain. Implementation of the flexibilities has been hindered by lack of capacity in many LMICs. More intransigent have been stark inequalities in power and influence among trading nations, leaving LMICs vulnerable to pressures to permit the globalization of IPRs in order to protect broader trade and economic interests. Such inequalities are apparent in proposals or adopted TRIPS-plus measures which re-establish the primacy of trade over public health goals. Conclusion Despite being hailed as a "watershed in international trade", the Doha Declaration and Paragraph 6 decision have not resolved the problem of access to affordable medicines. The way forward must begin with a simplification of their content, to enable actual implementation. More fundamentally, once agreed, public health protections under TRIPS must be recognised as taking precedent over measures subsequently adopted under other trade agreements. This requires, above all, setting aside such protections as a basic need and shared goal from trade negotiations at all levels. PMID:17524147

  12. 10 CFR 611.109 - Audit and access to records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... agreements, documentation for all project indebtedness, income tax returns, technology agreements... rights hereunder, the Secretary may utilize employees of other Federal agencies, independent accountants...

  13. Managing the effect of TRIPS on availability of priority vaccines.

    PubMed Central

    Milstien, Julie; Kaddar, Miloud

    2006-01-01

    The stated purpose of intellectual property protection is to stimulate innovation. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requires all Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to enact national laws conferring minimum standards of intellectual property protection by certain deadlines. Critics of the Agreement fear that such action is inconsistent with ensuring access to medicines in the developing world. A WHO convened meeting on intellectual property rights and vaccines in developing countries, on which this paper is based, found no evidence that TRIPS has stimulated innovation in developing market vaccine development (where markets are weak) or that protection of intellectual property rights has had a negative effect on access to vaccines. However, access to future vaccines in the developing world could be threatened by compliance with TRIPS. The management of such threats requires adherence of all countries to the Doha Declaration on TRIPS, and the protections guaranteed by the Agreement itself, vigilance on TRIPS-plus elements of free trade agreements, developing frameworks for licensing and technology transfer, and promoting innovative vaccine development in developing countries. The role of international organizations in defining best practices, dissemination of information, and monitoring TRIPS impact will be crucial to ensuring optimal access to priority new vaccines for the developing world. PMID:16710544

  14. 45 CFR 650.7 - Awards affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Awards affected by international agreements. 650.7 Section 650.7 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.7 Awards affected by international agreements. (a) Some NSF awards are made as part...

  15. 45 CFR 650.7 - Awards affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Awards affected by international agreements. 650.7 Section 650.7 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.7 Awards affected by international agreements. (a) Some NSF awards are made as part...

  16. 45 CFR 650.7 - Awards affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Awards affected by international agreements. 650.7 Section 650.7 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.7 Awards affected by international agreements. (a) Some NSF awards are made as part...

  17. 45 CFR 650.7 - Awards affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Awards affected by international agreements. 650.7 Section 650.7 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.7 Awards affected by international agreements. (a) Some NSF awards are made as part...

  18. The Impact of the New US-Canada Aviation Agreement At Its Third Anniversary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-02-01

    The U.S.-Canada Aviation Agreement was signed on February 24, 1995. Under the : agreement, Canadian airlines gained the right to serve any city in the United : States. U.S. airlines also gained unlimited access to Canadian cities with the : exception...

  19. Examining Agreement and Longitudinal Stability among Traditional and RTI-Based Definitions of Reading Disability Using the Affected-Status Agreement Statistic

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waesche, Jessica S. Brown; Schatschneider, Christopher; Maner, Jon K.; Ahmed, Yusra; Wagner, Richard K.

    2011-01-01

    Rates of agreement among alternative definitions of reading disability and their 1- and 2-year stabilities were examined using a new measure of agreement, the affected-status agreement statistic. Participants were 288,114 first through third grade students. Reading measures were "Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills" Oral…

  20. 45 CFR 650.7 - Awards affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Awards affected by international agreements. 650.7 Section 650.7 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.7 Awards affected by international agreements. (a) Some NSF awards are made as part of international cooperative research...

  1. 76 FR 10890 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-28

    ... Paris Amended and Restated Service Agreement to be effective 4/19/2011. Filed Date: 02/18/2011...: PacifiCorp submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: PacifiCorp Energy Facilities Maintenance Agreement... Interconnection Agreement of Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Filed Date: 02/18/2011. Accession Number: 20110218-5086...

  2. State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement: Participation and Access to Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Onwuameze, Nkechi

    2017-01-01

    The State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement initiative was launched in 2014 to provide a uniform standard for the regulation of distance education across states in the United States. The system established by the National Council for State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement (NC-SARA) allows willing post-secondary institutions to participate…

  3. The high price of "free" trade: U.S. trade agreements and access to medicines.

    PubMed

    Lopert, Ruth; Gleeson, Deborah

    2013-01-01

    The United States' pursuit of increasingly TRIPS-Plus levels of intellectual property protection for medicines in bilateral and regional trade agreements is well recognized. Less so, however, are U.S. efforts through these agreements to influence and constrain the pharmaceutical coverage programs of its trading partners. Although arguably unsuccessful in the Australia- U.S. Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), the U.S. nevertheless succeeded in its bilateral FTA with South Korea (KORUS) in establishing prescriptive provisions pertaining to the operation of coverage and reimbursement programs for medicines and medical devices, which have the potential to adversely impact future access in that country. More recently, draft texts leaked from the current Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) negotiations show that U.S. objectives include not only AUSFTA-Plus and KORUS-Plus IP provisions but also ambitious inroads into the domestic health programs of its TPPA partners. This highlights the apparent conflict between trade goals - pursued through multilateral legal instruments to promote economic "health"- and public health objectives, such as the development of treatments for neglected diseases, the pursuit of efficiency and equity in priority setting, and the procurement of medicines at prices that reflect their therapeutic value and facilitate affordable access. © 2013 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

  4. 47 CFR 51.705 - LECs' rates for transport and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... provision of the Commission's rules, by default, transport and termination for Non-Access Telecommunications... negotiated agreement between parties, state commissions establish Non-Access Reciprocal Compensation rates for the exchange of Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic between a local exchange carrier and a...

  5. 47 CFR 51.705 - LECs' rates for transport and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... provision of the Commission's rules, by default, transport and termination for Non-Access Telecommunications... negotiated agreement between parties, state commissions establish Non-Access Reciprocal Compensation rates for the exchange of Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic between a local exchange carrier and a...

  6. 47 CFR 51.705 - LECs' rates for transport and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... provision of the Commission's rules, by default, transport and termination for Non-Access Telecommunications... negotiated agreement between parties, state commissions establish Non-Access Reciprocal Compensation rates for the exchange of Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic between a local exchange carrier and a...

  7. NREL Helps Industry Partner Commercialize Promising Technology For Forest

    Science.gov Websites

    development agreement (CRADA) with Minerals Technologies, Inc. of Bethlehem, Penn. to conduct research to -shared research agreement is designed to provide Minerals Technologies, Inc. access to NREL's research

  8. 75 FR 71109 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-22

    ... tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii): Localized Costs Responsibility Agreement to be effective 1/1/2011... filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii): Localized Costs Responsibility Agreement to be effective 1/1/2011. Filed... Costs Responsibility Agreement to be effective 1/1/2011. Filed Date: 11/12/2010. Accession Number...

  9. Evaluation of compliance with the self-regulation agreement of the food and drink vending machine sector in primary schools in Madrid, Spain, in 2008.

    PubMed

    Royo-Bordonada, Miguel A; Martínez-Huedo, María A

    2014-01-01

    To evaluate compliance with the self-regulation agreement of the food and drink vending machine sector in primary schools in Madrid, Spain. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of vending machines in 558 primary schools in 2008. Using the directory of all registered primary schools in Madrid, we identified the presence of machines by telephone interviews and evaluated compliance with the agreement by visiting the schools and assessing accessibility, type of publicity, the products offered and knowledge of the agreement. The prevalence of schools with vending machines was 5.8%. None of the schools reported knowledge of the agreement or of its nutritional guidelines, and most machines were accessible to primary school pupils (79.3%) and packed with high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense foods (58.6%). Compliance with the self-regulation agreement of the vending machines sector was low. Stricter regulation should receive priority in the battle against the obesity epidemic. Copyright © 2013 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  10. Knowledge sharing in the health scenario

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    The understanding of certain data often requires the collection of similar data from different places to be analysed and interpreted. Interoperability standards and ontologies, are facilitating data interchange around the world. However, beyond the existing networks and advances for data transfer, data sharing protocols to support multilateral agreements are useful to exploit the knowledge of distributed Data Warehouses. The access to a certain data set in a federated Data Warehouse may be constrained by the requirement to deliver another specific data set. When bilateral agreements between two nodes of a network are not enough to solve the constraints for accessing to a certain data set, multilateral agreements for data exchange are needed. We present the implementation of a Multi-Agent System for multilateral exchange agreements of clinical data, and evaluate how those multilateral agreements increase the percentage of data collected by a single node from the total amount of data available in the network. Different strategies to reduce the number of messages needed to achieve an agreement are also considered. The results show that with this collaborative sharing scenario the percentage of data collected dramaticaly improve from bilateral agreements to multilateral ones, up to reach almost all data available in the network. PMID:25471452

  11. 7 CFR 636.19 - Access to operating unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.19 Access to... information necessary to evaluate the habitat development performance specified in the cost-share agreements...

  12. 7 CFR 636.19 - Access to operating unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.19 Access to... information necessary to evaluate the habitat development performance specified in the cost-share agreements...

  13. 7 CFR 636.19 - Access to operating unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.19 Access to... information necessary to evaluate the habitat development performance specified in the cost-share agreements...

  14. 7 CFR 636.19 - Access to operating unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LONG TERM CONTRACTING WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM § 636.19 Access to... information necessary to evaluate the habitat development performance specified in the cost-share agreements...

  15. The alcohol industry and trade agreements: a preliminary assessment.

    PubMed

    Zeigler, Donald W

    2009-02-01

    To review trade agreements, their relation to alcohol control policy and examine the role of the alcohol industry in supporting and attempting to influence trade policy. Review of peer review, public health advocacy literature (both pro and con on free trade), business, press and government documents on trade agreements, assess current and potential challenges by trade agreements to alcohol control policy and investigate the means and extent of industry influence in trade agreements. 'Free' trade agreements reduce trade barriers, increase competition, lower prices and promote alcohol consumption. However, international treaties, negotiated by free trade experts in close consultation with corporate lobbyists and without significant, if any, public health input, governments and corporations contain significant provisions that will result in increased alcohol consumption and may challenge public health measures of other nations as constraints on trade. Conversely, alcohol control measures seek to reduce access and consumption, raise prices and restrict advertising and product promotion. The prospect is for increased alcohol consumption and concomitant problems throughout the world. Trade agreements challenge effective alcohol control policies. The alcohol industry seeks to influence agreements and can be expected to work through trade agreements to reduce tariffs, increase market access and seek to restrict effective domestic regulations. Further research is needed on the impact of trade agreements and the ongoing role of the industry. Advocates must recognize the inherent conflicts between unbridled free trade and public health, work to exclude alcohol from trade agreements, counter industry influence and protect alcohol control policies.

  16. Agreements between Industry and Academia on Publication Rights: A Retrospective Study of Protocols and Publications of Randomized Clinical Trials.

    PubMed

    Kasenda, Benjamin; von Elm, Erik; You, John J; Blümle, Anette; Tomonaga, Yuki; Saccilotto, Ramon; Amstutz, Alain; Bengough, Theresa; Meerpohl, Joerg J; Stegert, Mihaela; Olu, Kelechi K; Tikkinen, Kari A O; Neumann, Ignacio; Carrasco-Labra, Alonso; Faulhaber, Markus; Mulla, Sohail M; Mertz, Dominik; Akl, Elie A; Bassler, Dirk; Busse, Jason W; Ferreira-González, Ignacio; Lamontagne, Francois; Nordmann, Alain; Gloy, Viktoria; Raatz, Heike; Moja, Lorenzo; Ebrahim, Shanil; Schandelmaier, Stefan; Sun, Xin; Vandvik, Per O; Johnston, Bradley C; Walter, Martin A; Burnand, Bernard; Schwenkglenks, Matthias; Hemkens, Lars G; Bucher, Heiner C; Guyatt, Gordon H; Briel, Matthias

    2016-06-01

    Little is known about publication agreements between industry and academic investigators in trial protocols and the consistency of these agreements with corresponding statements in publications. We aimed to investigate (i) the existence and types of publication agreements in trial protocols, (ii) the completeness and consistency of the reporting of these agreements in subsequent publications, and (iii) the frequency of co-authorship by industry employees. We used a retrospective cohort of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) based on archived protocols approved by six research ethics committees between 13 January 2000 and 25 November 2003. Only RCTs with industry involvement were eligible. We investigated the documentation of publication agreements in RCT protocols and statements in corresponding journal publications. Of 647 eligible RCT protocols, 456 (70.5%) mentioned an agreement regarding publication of results. Of these 456, 393 (86.2%) documented an industry partner's right to disapprove or at least review proposed manuscripts; 39 (8.6%) agreements were without constraints of publication. The remaining 24 (5.3%) protocols referred to separate agreement documents not accessible to us. Of those 432 protocols with an accessible publication agreement, 268 (62.0%) trials were published. Most agreements documented in the protocol were not reported in the subsequent publication (197/268 [73.5%]). Of 71 agreements reported in publications, 52 (73.2%) were concordant with those documented in the protocol. In 14 of 37 (37.8%) publications in which statements suggested unrestricted publication rights, at least one co-author was an industry employee. In 25 protocol-publication pairs, author statements in publications suggested no constraints, but 18 corresponding protocols documented restricting agreements. Publication agreements constraining academic authors' independence are common. Journal articles seldom report on publication agreements, and, if they do, statements can be discrepant with the trial protocol.

  17. 10 CFR 603.915 - Access to a nonprofit participant's records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS Award Terms Related to Other Administrative Matters Records Retention and Access Requirements... exempted from the definition of “recipient” in 10 CFR 600.101. Termination and Enforcement ...

  18. Euros vs. Yuan: Comparing European and Chinese Fishing Access in West Africa

    PubMed Central

    Belhabib, Dyhia; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Zeller, Dirk; Le Billon, Philippe; Abou Kane, Elimane; Pauly, Daniel

    2015-01-01

    We compare the performance of European Union (EU) and Chinese fisheries access agreements with West African countries in terms of illegal and unreported fishing, economic equity, and patterns of exploitation. Bottom-up re-estimations of catch reveal that the EU (1.6 million t•year-1) and China (2.3 million t•year-1) report only 29% and 8%, respectively, of their estimated total catches (including estimated discards whenever possible) from West African countries between 2000 and 2010. EU catches are declining, while Chinese catches are increasing and are yet to reach the historic maximum level of EU catches (3 million t•year-1 on average in the 1970s-1980s). The monetary value of EU fishing agreements, correlated in theory with reported catches, is straightforward to access, in contrast to Chinese agreements. However, once quantified, the value of Chinese agreements is readily traceable within the African economy through the different projects they directly cover, in contrast to the funds disbursed [to host governments] by the EU. Overall, China provides resources equivalent to about 4% of the ex-vessel value [value at landing] of the catch taken by Chinese distant-water fleets from West African waters, while the EU pays 8%. We address the difficulties of separating fees directly related to fishing from other economic or political motivations for Chinese fees, which could introduce a bias to the present findings as this operation is not performed for EU access fees officially related to fishing. Our study reveals that the EU and China perform similarly in terms of illegal fishing, patterns of exploitation and sustainability of resource use, while under-reporting by the EU increases and that by China decreases. The EU agreements provide, in theory, room for improving scientific research, monitoring and surveillance, suggesting a better performance than for Chinese agreements, but the end-use of the EU funds are more difficult, and sometime impossible to ascertain. PMID:25793775

  19. Socioeconomic disparities in home health care service access and utilization: a scoping review.

    PubMed

    Goodridge, Donna; Hawranik, Pamela; Duncan, Vicky; Turner, Hollie

    2012-10-01

    Home health care services are expanding at a rapid pace in order to meet the needs of the growing population of older adults and those with chronic illnesses. Because of current restrictions on home health care as an insured service in some countries, individuals may be required to pay for some or all of their home care services out of pocket. These payments may potentially limit access to needed home care services for persons in the lowest socioeconomic strata. Previous research demonstrates a clear socioeconomic gradient in access to acute and primary care services, where those most in need of services are the most disadvantaged and under-serviced. There has been little attention paid thus far, however, to the way in which socioeconomic status may affect the receipt of home health care services. To determine what is known from existing literature about socioeconomic disparities in home health care access and utilization. A scoping review was used to map the extent and nature of the literature in this area. A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, SocIndex and Sociological Abstracts as well as Dissertations International. A total of 206 potentially relevant articles were published between 2000 and April 2011. Two reviewers independently reviewed the articles, leaving 15 research articles to be included in the scoping review. The majority of articles reported secondary analyses of administrative datasets related to utilization of home health care. Several studies examined access and utilization using qualitative approaches. The distinction between professional and supportive home care services was not always clear in the articles. Individual and composite measures of socioeconomic status were reported, with the most frequently used indicator being income. Several studies used more complex composite ecological indicators of socieconomic status. There was general agreement that utilization of home health services favored persons with greater economic disadvantage. Education, rurality and race were less frequently reported. In contrast to well-documented socioeconomic gradient seen with primary and acute care services, we found general agreement that persons of lower socioeconomic status are favored and not disadvantaged in terms of home health care services. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Disentangling Mathematics Target and Access Skills: Implications for Accommodation Assignment Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ketterlin-Geller, Leanne R.; Jamgochian, Elisa M.; Nelson-Walker, Nancy J.; Geller, Joshua P.

    2012-01-01

    Appropriate assignment of accommodations is predicated on a clear distinction between target skills and access skills. In this study, we examine the agreement between test developer/researchers' and educators' classification of target and access skills as a possible explanatory mechanism for assigning accommodations. Findings indicate that…

  1. 31 CFR 2.2 - Access to classified information by historical researchers, former Treasury Presidential and Vice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Treasury NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 2.2 Access to classified information by historical researchers... security; and (2) Receipt of the individual's written agreement to safeguard classified information... granting of a security clearance for access to classified information. (d) Treasury personnel will...

  2. 75 FR 76729 - Market Access Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-09

    ... falls below pre-established financial performance thresholds. The draft amendment (MAA Amendment) is... System banks and the Funding Corporation that establishes certain financial performance criteria. Under... Agreement). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Chris Wilson, Financial Analyst, Office of Regulatory Policy...

  3. Who's afraid of national laws? Pesticide corporations use trade negotiations to avoid bans and undercut public health protections in Central America.

    PubMed

    Rosenthal, Erika

    2005-01-01

    The agrochemical industry is using trade agreements to block proposed bans on pesticides identified as the worst occupational health hazards by a multi-country illness surveillance program in Central America. Through privileged access to closed-door negotiations, industry inserted deregulatory mechanisms, including a regional pesticide registry that invalidates national laws, investors' rights protection, and increased intellectual property protections, into the draft Central American Customs Union and the Central American Free Trade Agreement. These agreements undermine health-based national pesticide registration requirements; weaken health ministries' role in pesticide control; block marketing of cheaper, less toxic pesticides; and have a chilling effect on future pesticide regulatory activity. So long as corporations have privileged access to the trade negotiations and civil society is excluded, the resulting agreements will benefit special interests at the expense of public health.

  4. [Essential medicines and the TRIPS Agreement: collision between the right to health and intellectual property rights].

    PubMed

    Allard Soto, Raúl

    2015-03-01

    The strengthening of pharmaceutical patent protection globally puts strains on access to essential medicines. According to the present paper, this process has led to the collision of the intellectual property rights adopted in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and the right to health stated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Several controversies disputed in the WTO illustrate the confrontation between countries with a powerful pharmaceutical industry and the interests of developing countries. It is concluded that the TRIPS-plus rules subscribed to by developing countries in free trade agreements which give the pharmaceutical patent holder more rights than those stipulated in the original TRIPS Agreement are incompatible with the obligations to provide access to essential medicines under the right to health of the ICESCR.

  5. Some Global Policies for Antibiotic Resistance Depend on Legally Binding and Enforceable Commitments.

    PubMed

    Behdinan, Asha; Hoffman, Steven J; Pearcey, Mark

    2015-01-01

    To address the challenge of antibiotic resistance (ABR), the international community must ensure access, conservation and innovation of antibiotics. These goals can be significantly advanced through ten global policies that have been recommended to form part of an international legal agreement. Policies that could be central to this agreement include the establishment of standards, responsible antibiotic use regulations, and strengthening global surveillance systems. Funding for access, mobilizing resources for infrastructure, strengthening infection control practices, and regulating antibiotic marketing could also be helpful if included in a legal agreement. Incentives for innovation could also be included to mobilize support for its implementation. The inclusion of these policies in an international legal agreement could effectively support global collective action towards several ABR policy goals, some of which may depend on it for their achievement. © 2015 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

  6. Care Coordination and Electronic Health Records: Connecting Clinicians

    PubMed Central

    Graetz, Ilana; Reed, Mary; Rundall, Thomas; Bellows, Jim; Brand, Richard; Hsu, John

    2009-01-01

    Objective: To examine the association between use of electronic health records (EHR) and care coordination. Study Design: Two surveys, in 2005 and again in 2006, of primary care clinicians working in a prepaid integrated delivery system during the staggered implementation of an EHR system. Using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for clinician characteristics, we examined the association between EHR use and clinicians’ perceptions of three dimensions of care coordination: timely access to complete information; treatment goal agreement; and role/responsibility agreement. Results: Compared to clinicians without EHR, clinicians with 6+ months of EHR use more frequently reported timely access to complete information, and being in agreement on treatment goals with other involved clinicians. There was no significant association between EHR use and being in agreement on roles and responsibilities with other clinicians. Conclusions: EHR use is associated with aspects of care coordination involving information transfer and communication of treatment goals. PMID:20351851

  7. Research access to privately owned wetland basins in the prairie pothole region of the United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fellows, David P.; Buhl, Thomas K.

    1995-01-01

    We describe efforts to obtain access for research to 81 wetland basins on 69 farms in four zones of the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Access was obtained to 54% of the farms in areas where land was intensively cropped and 87% of farms in areas of low cropping intensity. On average, 1.35 operators had to be contacted and 1.70 interviews were required to obtain a decision on access to a farm. On 77% of the farms, cooperators placed at least one restriction on access, most commonly requiring walking access only or notification before nighttime work. Cost of obtaining access averaged $265/farm in wages and travel expenses. No cooperators were willing to sign written access agreements. Operators rescinded access to four farms and drained three wetland basins during the first year; six of the seven sites lost were in the intensively cropped portion of a low-wetland-density zone. The difficulty of obtaining and retaining research access to privately owned wetland basins in intensively cropped areas may be related to landowner attitudes towards wetlands. Researchers may have to rely on remote sensing or consider payment for access to secure representative research sites in such areas. Unwillingness of cooperators to sign access agreements may jeopardize research by the newly formed National Biological Service and other resource management agencies.

  8. [Risk-sharing schemes: a new paradigm in adopting innovative pharmaceuticals].

    PubMed

    Hammerman, Ariel; Greenberg, Dan

    2012-06-01

    In recent years, spending on prescription drugs contributes substantially to the continuous growth in health expenditure in most Western countries. This increase in spending is influenced by both a rise in the use of existing drugs and by the adoption of new and expensive drugs. Risk-sharing agreements between pharmaceutical companies and health insurers have emerged as insurers began to deny reimbursement of expensive innovative treatments with unfavorable cost-effectiveness ratios. This occurred in cases where the expected budgetary impact was too high or when the long-term effectiveness was questionable. Risk sharing agreements serve the interests of both the insurers and the drug manufacturers. Pharmaceutical companies' interests are to dispel the uncertainties encountered by the health insurers white deciding on drug reimbursement. The insurers are interested in these agreements in order to reduce the budgetary risk while allowing their patients access to innovative drugs. Currently, only a few risk sharing agreements have been implemented, and the scientific literature on such schemes is still sparse. Since the health insurers' interest is to develop mechanisms that will contain health costs, without affecting the insured, it appears that this trend will continue to emerge. It is also likely that the adoption of similar mechanisms in the Israeli National List of Health Services updating process, would improve the accuracy of early estimates of the budgetary impact, and the actual use of the new technologies would be close to early estimates. This article reviews the principles of risk-sharing schemes and issues involved in the actual implementation of such agreements.

  9. Inter-rater agreement in the assessment of abnormal chest X-ray findings for tuberculosis between two Asian countries

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Inter-rater agreement in the interpretation of chest X-ray (CXR) films is crucial for clinical and epidemiological studies of tuberculosis. We compared the readings of CXR films used for a survey of tuberculosis between raters from two Asian countries. Methods Of the 11,624 people enrolled in a prevalence survey in Hanoi, Viet Nam, in 2003, we studied 258 individuals whose CXR films did not exclude the possibility of active tuberculosis. Follow-up films obtained from accessible individuals in 2006 were also analyzed. Two Japanese and two Vietnamese raters read the CXR films based on a coding system proposed by Den Boon et al. and another system newly developed in this study. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated by kappa statistics. Marginal homogeneity was evaluated by the generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results CXR findings suspected of tuberculosis differed between the four raters. The frequencies of infiltrates and fibrosis/scarring detected on the films significantly differed between the raters from the two countries (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0082, respectively, by GEE). The definition of findings such as primary cavity, used in the coding systems also affected the degree of agreement. Conclusions CXR findings were inconsistent between the raters with different backgrounds. High inter-rater agreement is a component necessary for an optimal CXR coding system, particularly in international studies. An analysis of reading results and a thorough discussion to achieve a consensus would be necessary to achieve further consistency and high quality of reading. PMID:22296612

  10. Reimbursement of Drugs for Rare Diseases through the Public Healthcare System in Canada: Where Are We Now?

    PubMed

    Menon, Devidas; Clark, Derek; Stafinski, Tania

    2015-08-01

    Over the past 20 years, the number of therapies developed for rare diseases has rapidly increased. Often, these therapies represent the only active treatment for debilitating and/or life-threatening conditions. However, they create significant challenges for public and private payers. Because they target small patient populations, clinical evidence of efficacy/effectiveness is typically limited, while the cost per patient is high. In Canada, each province/territory establishes its own mechanisms for determining which drugs for rare diseases (DRDs) to provide. To compare current mechanisms across provinces and territories, and explore their impact on access. A systematic review of relevant published and unpublished documents was performed. Electronic bibliographic databases, the internet, and government websites were scanned using structured search strategies. Information was extracted independently by two researchers, and included aspects such as program type, condition/patient/therapy eligibility criteria, role of health technology assessment (HTA), decision options, ethical assumptions, and stakeholder input. It was validated through member-checking with provincial/territorial policy experts and tabulated to facilitate qualitative analyses. Impact on access was assessed through a cross-province/territory comparison of the coverage status of all non-cancer therapies reviewed by the Common Drug Review for indications affecting <1/2,000 Canadians using the Kappa statistic. Reasons for variations were explored using qualitative techniques. Each province/territory has formal and informal mechanisms through which such therapies may be accessed. In most cases, formal mechanisms constitute the centralized HTA processes that also apply to common therapies. While several provinces have established dedicated processes/programs, whether they have affected access is not clear. Despite broadly comparable approaches, there is less than perfect agreement on publicly funded DRDs across jurisdictions. Individual jurisdictions have developed different approaches to providing access to these therapies. However, as the number increases, a more systematic approach to decision-making may be needed. Copyright © 2015 Longwoods Publishing.

  11. Human Rights and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

    PubMed Central

    Jürgens, Ralf; Lim, Hyeyoung; Timberlake, Susan; Smith, Matthew

    2017-01-01

    Abstract The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was created to greatly expand access to basic services to address the three diseases in its name. From its beginnings, its governance embodied some human rights principles: civil society is represented on its board, and the country coordination mechanisms that oversee funding requests to the Global Fund include representatives of people affected by the diseases. The Global Fund’s core strategies recognize that the health services it supports would not be effective or cost-effective without efforts to reduce human rights-related barriers to access and utilization of health services, particularly those faced by socially marginalized and criminalized persons. Basic human rights elements were written into Global Fund grant agreements, and various technical support measures encouraged the inclusion in funding requests of programs to reduce human rights-related barriers. A five-year initiative to provide intensive technical and financial support for the scaling up of programs to reduce these barriers in 20 countries is ongoing. PMID:29302175

  12. Strengthening Data Confidentiality and Integrity Protection in the Context of a Multi-Centric Information System Dedicated to Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    PubMed

    Ben Said, Mohamed; Robel, Laurence; Golse, Bernard; Jais, Jean Philippe

    2017-01-01

    Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neuro-developmental disorders affecting children in early age. Diagnosis relies on multidisciplinary investigations, in psychiatry, neurology, genetics, electrophysiology, neuro-imagery, audiology, and ophthalmology. To support clinicians, researchers, and public health decision makers, we developed an information system dedicated to ASD, called TEDIS. It was designed to manage systematic, exhaustive and continuous multi-centric patient data collection via secured internet connections. TEDIS will be deployed in nine ASD expert assessment centers in Ile-DeFrance district. We present security policy and infrastructure developed in context of TEDIS to protect patient privacy and clinical information. TEDIS security policy was organized around governance, ethical and organisational chart-agreement, patients consents, controlled user access, patients' privacy protection, constrained patients' data access. Security infrastructure was enriched by further technical solutions to reinforce ASD patients' privacy protection. Solutions were tested on local secured intranet environment and showed fluid functionality with consistent, transparent and safe encrypting-decrypting results.

  13. [Policy dilemmas in providing antiretroviral treatment in Brazil].

    PubMed

    do Lago, Regina Ferro; Costa, Nilson do Rosário

    2010-11-01

    This paper addresses institutional constraints that have affected Brazilian politics regarding provision of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) to HIV/Aids patients. We analyzed the normative conflict resulting from international agreements on intellectual property rights, especially patent protection, and the constitutional rights of Brazilian patients to universal and free access to ART. These constraints have not substantially changed the Brazilian public policy yet, but they may impact the future sustainability of this policy. As the main barrier to the production of patented drugs is not technological but institutional, Brazilian government faces a dilemma. It may either abide by existing monopolistic restrictions or it may incite competitiveness of domestic industries and developing countries in the pharmaceutical market.

  14. Managing genetic material to protect intellectual property rights.

    PubMed

    Jong, S C; Cypess, R H

    1998-02-01

    One of the most important policy instruments for the promotion of further biotechnology development is intellectual property right (IPR) protection. However, one cannot improve upon a biotechnological invention without physical access to the germplasm, making exchanges of genetic material necessary. A formal transfer agreement, which addresses the key issues of ownership, access, use, and equitable benefit-sharing, is a powerful legal instrument for intellectual property. Other restrictions are generally imposed as a result of national and international safety regulations. Forming strategic alliances, such as joint ventures, collaborative research agreements, joint research and development agreements, and manufacturing and distribution alliances to exploit the economic value of genetic material, provides scientists with the mechanisms they need to bring their research material and products to the marketplace.

  15. 75 FR 23749 - Combined Notice of Filings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-04

    ... amended negotiated rate agreement between MRT and LER. Filed Date: 04/26/2010. Accession Number: 20100426... between MRT and CES. Filed Date: 04/26/2010. Accession Number: 20100426-0212. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern...

  16. 18 CFR 35.9 - Requirements for filing rate schedules, tariffs or service agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... entire document except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) Open Access...) OATT and other open access documents filed by Independent System Operators or Regional Transmission...

  17. 18 CFR 35.9 - Requirements for filing rate schedules, tariffs or service agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... entire document except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) Open Access...) OATT and other open access documents filed by Independent System Operators or Regional Transmission...

  18. Master Agreement between Northern Michigan University Board of Control and American Association of University Professors, Northern Michigan Chapter, June 30, 1987-June 30 1990.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Association of Univ. Professors, Washington, DC.

    The collective bargaining agreement between Northern Michigan University Board of Control and Northern Michigan University chapter of the American Association of University Professors covering the period June 30, 1987-June 30, 1990 is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: chapter recognition, nondiscrimination, access to information,…

  19. Collective Bargaining Agreement between Montana University System and the Northern Montana College Federation of Teachers, July 1, 1985-June 30, 1987.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montana Univ. System, Helena.

    The collective bargaining agreement between Montana University System and the Northern Montana College Federation of Teachers, an affiliate of the National Education Association, covering the period July 1, 1985-June 30, 1987, is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: unit recognition, dues deduction, access to information, use of…

  20. 32 CFR 3.8 - DoD access to records policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... for defined payable milestones, with no provision for financial or cost reporting that would be a... necessary to verify statutory cost share or to verify amounts generated from financial or cost records that... General access. (1) Fixed-price type OT agreements. (i) General—DoD access to records is not generally...

  1. 32 CFR 3.8 - DoD access to records policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for defined payable milestones, with no provision for financial or cost reporting that would be a... necessary to verify statutory cost share or to verify amounts generated from financial or cost records that... General access. (1) Fixed-price type OT agreements. (i) General—DoD access to records is not generally...

  2. 75 FR 70227 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-17

    ... Vickers POD Construction Agreement to be effective 11/4/ 2010. Filed Date: 11/03/2010. Accession Number... 11/3/ 2010. Filed Date: 11/03/2010. Accession Number: 20101103-5097. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern.... 1, to be effective 11/3/2010. Filed Date: 11/04/2010. Accession Number: 20101104-5001. Comment Date...

  3. 47 CFR 27.72 - Information sharing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... WCS licensees in the 2305-2320 MHz and 2345-2360 MHz bands. (a) Sites and frequency selections. WCS..., unless the SDARS licensee and all potentially affected WCS licensees reach a mutual agreement to provide... affected WCS licensees reach a mutual agreement to provide notification by some other means, that agreement...

  4. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, Intellectual Property Protection, and Access to Medicines.

    PubMed

    Townsend, Belinda; Gleeson, Deborah; Lopert, Ruth

    2016-11-01

    The inclusion of elevated standards of intellectual property (IP) protection in the recently negotiated Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement has raised serious public health concerns regarding access to medicines. A lesser-known trade agreement under negotiation in the Asia-Pacific region is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Framed as an attempt to reassert ASEAN's position in response to the United States-led TPP, RCEP includes key players China and India as well as several low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Leaked drafts of IP provisions proposed by Japan and South Korea raise similar concerns in the Asia-Pacific region. This article identifies TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement)-Plus provisions in leaked negotiating texts and examines their implications for LMICs that are not also parties to the TPP: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, China, and India. We find that higher levels of IP protection delay the market entry of generic medicines, giving rise to increased costs to governments and reduced access to essential medicines. The article concludes that the public health community should recognize risks inherent in trade agreements that promote expansions of IP rights and engage with governments to ensure that public health is adequately and explicitly protected in trade and investment negotiations. © 2016 APJPH.

  5. What principles should govern the use of managed entry agreements?

    PubMed

    Klemp, Marianne; Frønsdal, Katrine B; Facey, Karen

    2011-01-01

    To ensure rapid access to new potentially beneficial health technologies, obtain best value for money, and ensure affordability, healthcare payers are adopting a range of innovative reimbursement approaches that may be called Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs). The Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Policy Forum sought to identify why MEAs might be used, issues associated with implementation and develop principles for their use. A 2-day deliberative workshop discussed key papers, members' experiences, and collectively addressed four policy questions that resulted in this study. MEAs are used to give access to new technologies where traditional reimbursement is deemed inappropriate. Three different forms of MEAs have been identified: management of budget impact, management of uncertainty relating to clinical and/or cost-effectiveness, and management of utilization to optimize performance. The rationale for using these approaches and their advantages and disadvantages differ. However, all forms of MEA should take the form of a formal written agreement among stakeholders, clearly identifying the rationale for the agreement, aspects to be assessed, methods of data collection and review, and the criteria for ending the agreement. MEAs should only be used when HTA identifies issues or concerns about key outcomes and/or costs and/or organizational/budget impacts that are material to a reimbursement decision. They provide patient access and can be useful to manage technology diffusion and optimize use. However, they are administratively complex and may be difficult to negotiate and their effectiveness has yet to be evaluated.

  6. 2 CFR 1401.120 - Does this part affect the Federal contracts that I receive?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Does this part affect the Federal contracts that I receive? 1401.120 Section 1401.120 Grants and Agreements Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and Agreements DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE...

  7. 2 CFR 180.140 - Does an exclusion under the nonprocurement system affect a person's eligibility for Federal...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Does an exclusion under the nonprocurement system affect a person's eligibility for Federal procurement contracts? 180.140 Section 180.140 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS...

  8. OSPO - International Agreements

    Science.gov Websites

    ; Strategy » International Agreements » POES Current » GOES Current History » History in Images » POES History » GOES History OSPO Information » Access and Distribution Policy » Organization Chart Â

  9. Addressing legal and political barriers to global pharmaceutical access: options for remedying the impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the imposition of TRIPS-plus standards.

    PubMed

    Cohen-Kohler, Jillian Clare; Forman, Lisa; Lipkus, Nathaniel

    2008-07-01

    Despite myriad programs aimed at increasing access to essential medicines in the developing world, the global drug gap persists. This paper focuses on the major legal and political constraints preventing implementation of coordinated global policy solutions - particularly, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and bilateral and regional free trade agreements. We argue that several policy and research routes should be taken to mitigate the restrictive impact of TRIPS and TRIPS-plus rules, including greater use of TRIPS flexibilities, advancement of human rights, and an ethical framework for essential medicines distribution, and a broader campaign that debates the legitimacy of TRIPS and TRIPS-plus standards themselves.

  10. Agreements between Industry and Academia on Publication Rights: A Retrospective Study of Protocols and Publications of Randomized Clinical Trials

    PubMed Central

    Kasenda, Benjamin; von Elm, Erik; You, John J.; Tomonaga, Yuki; Saccilotto, Ramon; Amstutz, Alain; Bengough, Theresa; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Stegert, Mihaela; Olu, Kelechi K.; Tikkinen, Kari A. O.; Neumann, Ignacio; Carrasco-Labra, Alonso; Faulhaber, Markus; Mulla, Sohail M.; Mertz, Dominik; Akl, Elie A.; Bassler, Dirk; Busse, Jason W.; Nordmann, Alain; Gloy, Viktoria; Ebrahim, Shanil; Schandelmaier, Stefan; Sun, Xin; Vandvik, Per O.; Johnston, Bradley C.; Walter, Martin A.; Burnand, Bernard; Hemkens, Lars G.; Bucher, Heiner C.; Guyatt, Gordon H.; Briel, Matthias

    2016-01-01

    Background Little is known about publication agreements between industry and academic investigators in trial protocols and the consistency of these agreements with corresponding statements in publications. We aimed to investigate (i) the existence and types of publication agreements in trial protocols, (ii) the completeness and consistency of the reporting of these agreements in subsequent publications, and (iii) the frequency of co-authorship by industry employees. Methods and Findings We used a retrospective cohort of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) based on archived protocols approved by six research ethics committees between 13 January 2000 and 25 November 2003. Only RCTs with industry involvement were eligible. We investigated the documentation of publication agreements in RCT protocols and statements in corresponding journal publications. Of 647 eligible RCT protocols, 456 (70.5%) mentioned an agreement regarding publication of results. Of these 456, 393 (86.2%) documented an industry partner’s right to disapprove or at least review proposed manuscripts; 39 (8.6%) agreements were without constraints of publication. The remaining 24 (5.3%) protocols referred to separate agreement documents not accessible to us. Of those 432 protocols with an accessible publication agreement, 268 (62.0%) trials were published. Most agreements documented in the protocol were not reported in the subsequent publication (197/268 [73.5%]). Of 71 agreements reported in publications, 52 (73.2%) were concordant with those documented in the protocol. In 14 of 37 (37.8%) publications in which statements suggested unrestricted publication rights, at least one co-author was an industry employee. In 25 protocol-publication pairs, author statements in publications suggested no constraints, but 18 corresponding protocols documented restricting agreements. Conclusions Publication agreements constraining academic authors’ independence are common. Journal articles seldom report on publication agreements, and, if they do, statements can be discrepant with the trial protocol. PMID:27352244

  11. 77 FR 40144 - Adoption of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and Participation in the Section 106...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-06

    ...) obligations related to MTA's request for financing for the East Side Access project through the FRA Railroad... Statement (EIS) and Participation in the Section 106 Programmatic Agreement for the East Side Access Project... adoption and recirculation of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the East Side Access Project and...

  12. TRIPS, the Doha Declaration and increasing access to medicines: policy options for Ghana

    PubMed Central

    Cohen, JC; Gyansa-Lutterodt, M; Torpey, K; Esmail, LC; Kurokawa, G

    2005-01-01

    There are acute disparities in pharmaceutical access between developing and industrialized countries. Developing countries make up approximately 80% of the world's population but only represent approximately 20% of global pharmaceutical consumption. Among the many barriers to drug access are the potential consequences of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Many developing countries have recently modified their patent laws to conform to the TRIPS standards, given the 2005 deadline for developing countries. Safeguards to protect public health have been incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement; however, in practice governments may be reluctant to exercise such rights given concern about the international trade and political ramifications. The Doha Declaration and the recent Decision on the Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health may provide more freedom for developing countries in using these safeguards. This paper focuses on Ghana, a developing country that recently changed its patent laws to conform to TRIPS standards. We examine Ghana's patent law changes in the context of the Doha Declaration and assess their meaning for access to drugs of its population. We discuss new and existing barriers, as well as possible solutions, to provide policy-makers with lessons learned from the Ghanaian experience. PMID:16336685

  13. 10 CFR 70.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... provides oversight and control of design information, safety information, and records of modifications... effective agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-agreement State means any other State. Alert... and borrow areas; (4) Erection of fences and other access control measures that are not related to the...

  14. The New WTO Telecom Agreement: Opportunities and Challenges.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sisson, Peter

    1997-01-01

    The telecommunication agreement reached by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1997 will accelerate the global trend toward increased market access, competition, and deregulation. Examines opportunities for marketing and operations, dispute resolution and enforcement, profitability, and the exclusion of Russia and China. Includes the WTO…

  15. Frito-Lay North America/NREL CRADA: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-06-176

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Walker, A.

    2013-06-01

    Frito Lay North America (FLNA) requires technical assistance for the evaluation and implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in production facilities and distribution centers across North America. Services provided by NREL do not compete with those available in the private sector, but rather provide FLNA with expertise to create opportunities for the private sector renewable/efficiency industries and to inform FLNA decision making regarding cost-effective projects. Services include: identifying the most cost-effective project locations based on renewable energy resource data, utility data, incentives and other parameters affecting projects; assistance with feasibility studies; procurement specifications; design reviews; and other servicesmore » to support FNLA in improving resource efficiency at facilities. This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) establishes the terms and conditions under which FLNA may access capabilities unique to the laboratory and required by FLNA. Each subsequent task issued under this umbrella agreement would include a scope-of-work, budget, schedule, and provisions for intellectual property specific to that task.« less

  16. Computed tomography (CT) in the selection of treatment for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis

    PubMed Central

    Huumonen, Sisko; Molander, Anders; Öhman, Anders; Kvist, Thomas

    2016-01-01

    Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the use of CT facilitates agreement among endodontists in selecting treatments for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis and to assess the efficacy of CT in choosing a treatment for such teeth. Methods: 39 root-filled maxillary molars from 34 patients with suspected apical periodontitis were independently evaluated by 4 endodontists and 1 postgraduate student (decision-makers). Treatment decisions were made based on intra-oral radiographs and a fictive clinical history. After 1–3 months, the same decision-makers repeated the examination of the same teeth but with additional information from a CT examination. Agreement between decision-makers with or without the availability of the CT results was measured with Cohen's kappa coefficient. Differences in selected treatments with or without accessibility to the CT results were plotted for the same endodontists using descriptive statistics. Results: The agreement in assessments among endodontists was slight or fair before the CT results were available (range: 0.081–0.535). No increase was observed after reviewing the CT results (range: 0.116–0.379). After the use of CT, the treatment plan was changed 38–76% of the time by all decision-makers, and the changes affected 57.8% of the cases in the study. Conclusions: The endodontists in this study exhibited a low degree of agreement when choosing a treatment for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis. A CT examination of the investigated teeth did not result in a significantly higher degree of agreement, and CT frequently contributed to a shift in the selected therapy. PMID:26985980

  17. 14 CFR 15.113 - Indemnification agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15.113 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL... States Department of Justice, the FAA will promptly enter into an indemnification agreement providing for... reasonable attorney fees at a rate not to exceed that permitted under the Equal Access to Justice Act (5 U.S...

  18. 14 CFR 15.113 - Indemnification agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15.113 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL... States Department of Justice, the FAA will promptly enter into an indemnification agreement providing for... reasonable attorney fees at a rate not to exceed that permitted under the Equal Access to Justice Act (5 U.S...

  19. 75 FR 11528 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-11

    ...: Docket Numbers: ER10-689-001. Applicants: Virginia Electric and Power Company. Description: Dominion... Power Company submits its Engineering and procurement Agreement dated February 3, 2010 with Spruce Mt... interconnection service agreement with Virginia Electric Power Co. et al. Filed Date: 03/03/2010. Accession Number...

  20. 48 CFR 209.505-4 - Obtaining access to proprietary information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Non-disclosure requirements for contractors accessing third party proprietary technical data or... may be required to enter into non-disclosure agreements directly with the third party asserting restrictions on limited rights technical data, commercial technical data, or restricted rights computer...

  1. 40 CFR 35.6710 - Records access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Records access. 35.6710 Section 35.6710 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Records...

  2. 40 CFR 35.6710 - Records access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Records access. 35.6710 Section 35.6710 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Records...

  3. Public-Private Partnerships: NASA as Your Business Partner

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, Gary

    2017-01-01

    Partnerships is an important part of doing business at NASA. NASA partners with external organizations to access capabilities under collaborative agreements; enters into agreements for partner access to NASA capabilities; expand overall landscape of space activity; and spurring innovation. The U.S. national policy on commercial space is to develop a robust and competitive U.S. commercial space sector and to energize competitive domestic industries to participate in global markets. Commercial space must be competitive, while the government has other priorities such as safety, jobs, etc. NASA partnerships consist of Reimbursable and Non-Reimbursable Space Act Agreements. Partnerships at Ames aligns with Ames' core competencies, and Partners often office in the NASA Research Park, which is an established regional innovation cluster that facilitates commercialization and services as a technology accelerator via onsite collaborations between NASA and its partners.

  4. Cooperative Agreements to Support Communities Affected by the BP Oil Spill

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The environmental justice cooperative agreements are designed to support communities in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas that are directly affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

  5. Selling Our Collecting Souls: How License Agreements Are Controlling Collection Management.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McGinnis, Suzan D.

    2000-01-01

    Considers the challenges that licensing for electronic products are creating for academic libraries. Discusses ownership of versus access to information; packaging of electronic journals; cost-benefit analysis; multiple versions of the same information, e.g. print and electronic; consortial agreements; negotiating; legal issues; and the question…

  6. 10 CFR 30.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Commission has entered into an effective agreement under subsection 274b. of the Act. Non-agreement State... access control measures that are not related to the safe use of, or security of, radiological materials... equivalent means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the weighting...

  7. College Student Access: How Articulation Agreements Support Rural Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jaeger, Audrey J.; Dunstan, Stephany Brett; Dixon, Karrie Gibson

    2015-01-01

    Students from rural areas face additional burdens, such as affordability, academic preparation, and lack of college-going resources that make seeking, enrolling, and attending college more difficult. Community colleges offer hope to achieve a college degree for many rural students, and well-developed articulation agreements can be one way of…

  8. 75 FR 12535 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-16

    ...: Day County Wind, LLC. Description: Day County Wind, LLC submits application for authorization to make... revised pages to Schedule Q of the WSPP Agreement to update the cost-based rate schedule of Arizona Public... Facilities Construction Agreement among Otter Tail Power Company et al. Filed Date: 03/04/2010. Accession...

  9. 15 CFR 2004.5 - Accessing records without request.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accessing records without request. 2004.5 Section 2004.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES...

  10. 20 CFR 435.53 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 435.53 Section 435.53 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NON-PROFIT...

  11. The relationship between physical activity facility proximity and leisure-time physical activity in persons with spinal cord injury.

    PubMed

    Arbour, Kelly P; Martin Ginis, Kathleen A

    2009-07-01

    Within the general able-bodied population, proximity of one's home to physical activity facilities is modestly associated with physical activity behavior. Currently, no research has examined whether facility proximity is related to physical activity among persons living with disabilities. To examine (1) the level of agreement between perceived and actual proximity to accessible physical activity facilities and (2) the relationship between facility proximity (perceived and actual) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). It was hypothesized that (1) perceived and actual proximity measures would exhibit low agreement and (2) a small, positive relationship would emerge between proximity (perceived and actual) and LTPA. Data from 50 Ontario residents living with SCI (70% male; 52% tetraplegia) were collected for proximity and LTPA. Perceived facility proximity was determined by a self-report "YES" versus "NO" presence measure, while actual facility proximity was assessed using Geographical Information Systems. An SCI-specific instrument, the PARA-SCI, was used to measure LTPA. Low agreement levels were found between perceived and actual proximity. LTPA status (active versus inactive) was shown to moderate the relationship, with higher agreement levels found for participants who reported engaging in mild or heavy LTPA versus their inactive counterparts, but only for the 30-minute wheeling boundary. Contrary to hypothesis, people living within a 30-minute wheel from an accessible facility were less likely to engage in heavy LTPA than were people who did not have an accessible facility located within a 30-minute wheel. No significant associations were found between LTPA and perceived proximity. Living in close proximity to a facility that provides accessible programming and equipment does not necessarily translate into greater physical activity behavior.

  12. Successful associateship agreements.

    PubMed

    Crafton, B C

    1997-08-01

    When evaluating potential associateship agreements, dentists need to recognize and understand how status, noncompete clauses, scheduling and compensation affect the strength of an associateship agreement. Dentists should not enter an associateship agreement without fully understanding the agreement and its obligations or without the help of an accountant and an attorney.

  13. Trade policy and obesity prevention: challenges and innovation in the Pacific Islands.

    PubMed

    Snowdon, W; Thow, A M

    2013-11-01

    The Pacific Island countries experience some of the highest rates of obesity in the world in part due to substantial dietary changes that mirror changes in the food supply in the region. Economic and political ties, donor aid, and trade links are key drivers of the changing availability and accessibility of processed and imported foods. Pacific Island countries have been innovative in developing trade-related policy approaches to create a less obesogenic food environment. Taxation-based approaches that affect pricing in the region include increased import and excise tariffs on sugared beverages and other high-sugar products, monosodium glutamate, and palm oil and lowered tariffs on fruits and vegetables. Other approaches highlight some higher-fat products through labeling and controlling the supply of high-fat meats. The bans on high-fat turkey tails and mutton flaps highlight the politics, trade agreements and donor influences that can be significant barriers to the pursuit of policy options. Countries that are not signatories to trade agreements may have more policy space for innovative action. However, potential effectiveness and practicality require consideration. The health sector's active engagement in the negotiation of trade agreements is a key way to support healthier trade in the region. © 2013 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

  14. Timed picture naming in seven languages

    PubMed Central

    BATES, ELIZABETH; D’AMICO, SIMONA; JACOBSEN, THOMAS; SZÉKELY, ANNA; ANDONOVA, ELENA; DEVESCOVI, ANTONELLA; HERRON, DAN; LU, CHING CHING; PECHMANN, THOMAS; PLÉH, CSABA; WICHA, NICOLE; FEDERMEIER, KARA; GERDJIKOVA, IRINI; GUTIERREZ, GABRIEL; HUNG, DAISY; HSU, JEANNE; IYER, GOWRI; KOHNERT, KATHERINE; MEHOTCHEVA, TEODORA; OROZCO-FIGUEROA, ARACELI; TZENG, ANGELA; TZENG, OVID

    2012-01-01

    Timed picture naming was compared in seven languages that vary along dimensions known to affect lexical access. Analyses over items focused on factors that determine cross-language universals and cross-language disparities. With regard to universals, number of alternative names had large effects on reaction time within and across languages after target–name agreement was controlled, suggesting inhibitory effects from lexical competitors. For all the languages, word frequency and goodness of depiction had large effects, but objective picture complexity did not. Effects of word structure variables (length, syllable structure, compounding, and initial frication) varied markedly over languages. Strong cross-language correlations were found in naming latencies, frequency, and length. Other-language frequency effects were observed (e.g., Chinese frequencies predicting Spanish reaction times) even after within-language effects were controlled (e.g., Spanish frequencies predicting Spanish reaction times). These surprising cross-language correlations challenge widely held assumptions about the lexical locus of length and frequency effects, suggesting instead that they may (at least in part) reflect familiarity and accessibility at a conceptual level that is shared over languages. PMID:12921412

  15. Human Rights and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: How Does a Large Funder of Basic Health Services Meet the Challenge of Rights-Based Programs?

    PubMed

    Jürgens, Ralf; Csete, Joanne; Lim, Hyeyoung; Timberlake, Susan; Smith, Matthew

    2017-12-01

    The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was created to greatly expand access to basic services to address the three diseases in its name. From its beginnings, its governance embodied some human rights principles: civil society is represented on its board, and the country coordination mechanisms that oversee funding requests to the Global Fund include representatives of people affected by the diseases. The Global Fund's core strategies recognize that the health services it supports would not be effective or cost-effective without efforts to reduce human rights-related barriers to access and utilization of health services, particularly those faced by socially marginalized and criminalized persons. Basic human rights elements were written into Global Fund grant agreements, and various technical support measures encouraged the inclusion in funding requests of programs to reduce human rights-related barriers. A five-year initiative to provide intensive technical and financial support for the scaling up of programs to reduce these barriers in 20 countries is ongoing.

  16. Access to essential drugs in poor countries: a lost battle?

    PubMed

    Pécoul, B; Chirac, P; Trouiller, P; Pinel, J

    1999-01-27

    Drugs offer a simple, cost-effective solution to many health problems, provided they are available, affordable, and properly used. However, effective treatment is lacking in poor countries for many diseases, including African trypanosomiasis, Shigella dysentery, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, and bacterial meningitis. Treatment may be precluded because no effective drug exists, it is too expensive, or it has been withdrawn from the market. Moreover, research and development in tropical diseases have come to a near standstill. This article focuses on the problems of access to quality drugs for the treatment of diseases that predominantly affect the developing world: (1) poor-quality and counterfeit drugs; (2) lack of availability of essential drugs due to fluctuating production or prohibitive cost; (3) need to develop field-based drug research to determine optimum utilization and remotivate research and development for new drugs for the developing world; and (4) potential consequences of recent World Trade Organization agreements on the availability of old and new drugs. These problems are not independent and unrelated but are a result of the fundamental nature of the pharmaceutical market and the way it is regulated.

  17. How Can Pricing and Reimbursement Policies Improve Affordable Access to Medicines? Lessons Learned from European Countries.

    PubMed

    Vogler, Sabine; Paris, Valérie; Ferrario, Alessandra; Wirtz, Veronika J; de Joncheere, Kees; Schneider, Peter; Pedersen, Hanne Bak; Dedet, Guillaume; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din

    2017-06-01

    This article discusses pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in European countries with regard to their ability to ensure affordable access to medicines. A frequently applied pricing policy is external price referencing. While it provides some benchmark for policy-makers and has been shown to be able to generate savings, it may also contribute to delay in product launch in countries where medicine prices are low. Value-based pricing has been proposed as a policy that promotes access while rewarding useful innovation; however, implementing it has proven quite challenging. For high-priced medicines, managed-entry agreements are increasingly used. These agreements allow policy-makers to manage uncertainty and obtain lower prices. They can also facilitate earlier market access in case of limited evidence about added therapeutic value of the medicine. However, these agreements raise transparency concerns due to the confidentiality clause. Tendering as used in the hospital and offpatent outpatient sectors has been proven to reduce medicine prices but it requires a robust framework and appropriate design with clear strategic goals in order to prevent shortages. These pricing and reimbursement policies are supplemented by the widespread use of Health Technology Assessment to inform decision-making, and by strategies to improve the uptake of generics, and also biosimilars. While European countries have been implementing a set of policy options, there is a lack of thorough impact assessments of several pricing and reimbursement policies on affordable access. Increased cooperation between authorities, experience sharing and improving transparency on price information, including the disclosure of confidential discounts, are opportunities to address current challenges.

  18. 78 FR 19476 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-01

    .... Applicants: Vineland Energy LLC. Description: Vineland Energy LLC submits Triennial Market Based Rate Update... January 29, 2013 notice of succession. Filed Date: 3/19/13. Accession Number: 20130319-5083. Comments Due... Wholesale Market Participation Agreement No. 2404. Filed Date: 3/25/13. Accession Number: 20130325-5070...

  19. The JSTOR Solution: Accessing and Preserving the Past.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guthrie, Kevin M.; Lougee, Wendy P.

    1997-01-01

    Describes JSTOR (Journal Storage), a not-for-profit organization located in New York City, established to use digital technology to preserve and make accessible core journal literature. Highlights include publisher participation and license agreements; scanning and optical character recognition; missing information; systems design; project goals;…

  20. 75 FR 14589 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-26

    ... Triennial Market Power Update. Filed Date: 03/08/2010. Accession Number: 20100315-0088. Comment Date: 5 p.m....C. Description: PJM Interconnection, LLC submits Wholesale Market Participation Agreement designated... updates to the market based rate application filed 3/12/2010. Filed Date: 03/16/2010. Accession Number...

  1. Serving up Access

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rich, Sarah

    2011-01-01

    When low-income students returned to Chicago public schools this fall, many had better access to technology, thanks to a public-private partnership. Chicago families with children enrolled in the National School Lunch Program are eligible for subsidized computers and Internet connections through an agreement between the city and telecom giant…

  2. 32 CFR 2001.49 - Special access programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... enhanced for information in special access programs (SAP), established under the provisions of section 4.3 of the Order by the agency head responsible for creating the SAP. Agency heads shall ensure that the... Agreement/Understanding is established for each SAP that has significant interagency support requirements...

  3. Screening of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions to acidity and aluminium stresses

    PubMed Central

    Stoddard, Frederick L.

    2017-01-01

    Background Faba bean is an important starch-based protein crop produced worldwide. Soil acidity and aluminium toxicity are major abiotic stresses affecting its production, so in regions where soil acidity is a problem, there is a gap between the potential and actual productivity of the crop. Hence, we set out to evaluate acidity and aluminium tolerance in a range of faba bean germplasm using solution culture and pot experiments. Methods A set of 30 accessions was collected from regions where acidity and aluminium are or are not problems. The accessions were grown in solution culture and a subset of 10 was grown first in peat and later in perlite potting media. In solution culture, morphological parameters including taproot length, root regrowth and root tolerance index were measured, and in the pot experiments the key measurements were taproot length, plant biomass, chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance. Result Responses to acidity and aluminium were apparently independent. Accessions Dosha and NC 58 were tolerant to both stress. Kassa and GLA 1103 were tolerant to acidity showing less than 3% reduction in taproot length. Aurora and Messay were tolerant to aluminium. Babylon was sensitive to both, with up to 40% reduction in taproot length from acidity and no detectable recovery from Al3+ challenge. Discussion The apparent independence of the responses to acidity and aluminium is in agreement with the previous research findings, suggesting that crop accessions separately adapt to H+ and Al3+ toxicity as a result of the difference in the nature of soil parent materials where the accession originated. Differences in rankings between experiments were minor and attributable to heterogeneity of seed materials and the specific responses of accessions to the rooting media. Use of perlite as a potting medium offers an ideal combination of throughput, inertness of support medium, access to leaves for detection of their stress responses, and harvest of clean roots for evaluation of their growth. PMID:28194315

  4. Screening of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions to acidity and aluminium stresses.

    PubMed

    Belachew, Kiflemariam Y; Stoddard, Frederick L

    2017-01-01

    Faba bean is an important starch-based protein crop produced worldwide. Soil acidity and aluminium toxicity are major abiotic stresses affecting its production, so in regions where soil acidity is a problem, there is a gap between the potential and actual productivity of the crop. Hence, we set out to evaluate acidity and aluminium tolerance in a range of faba bean germplasm using solution culture and pot experiments. A set of 30 accessions was collected from regions where acidity and aluminium are or are not problems. The accessions were grown in solution culture and a subset of 10 was grown first in peat and later in perlite potting media. In solution culture, morphological parameters including taproot length, root regrowth and root tolerance index were measured, and in the pot experiments the key measurements were taproot length, plant biomass, chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance. Responses to acidity and aluminium were apparently independent. Accessions Dosha and NC 58 were tolerant to both stress. Kassa and GLA 1103 were tolerant to acidity showing less than 3% reduction in taproot length. Aurora and Messay were tolerant to aluminium. Babylon was sensitive to both, with up to 40% reduction in taproot length from acidity and no detectable recovery from Al 3+ challenge. The apparent independence of the responses to acidity and aluminium is in agreement with the previous research findings, suggesting that crop accessions separately adapt to H + and Al 3+ toxicity as a result of the difference in the nature of soil parent materials where the accession originated. Differences in rankings between experiments were minor and attributable to heterogeneity of seed materials and the specific responses of accessions to the rooting media. Use of perlite as a potting medium offers an ideal combination of throughput, inertness of support medium, access to leaves for detection of their stress responses, and harvest of clean roots for evaluation of their growth.

  5. Potential barriers in healthcare access of the elderly population influenced by the economic crisis and the troika agreement: a qualitative case study in Lisbon, Portugal.

    PubMed

    Doetsch, Julia; Pilot, Eva; Santana, Paula; Krafft, Thomas

    2017-10-25

    The recent economic and financial crisis in Portugal urged the Portuguese Government in April 2011 to request financial assistance from the troika austerity bail out program to get aid for its government debt. The troika agreement included health reforms and austerity measures of the National Health Service (NHS) in Portugal to save non-essential health care costs. This research aimed to identify potential barriers among the elderly population (aged 65 and above) to healthcare access influenced by the economic crisis and the troika agreement focussing on the Memorandum of Understanding on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality (MoU) in Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. The qualitative study is including 13 semi-structured interviews of healthcare experts, municipality authority, health care providers, negotiator of the troika agreement, hospital managers, health economists and elderly. A content analysis was performed to evaluate the interviews applying Nvivo2011 software. The barriers identified were clustered towards the five areas of the 'Conceptual framework on health care access' by Levesque et al. (Int J Equity Health 12:18, 2013). Healthcare access for the elderly was found inadequate in four areas of the framework: availability; appropriateness; approachability; and affordability. The fifth area on acceptability was not identified since the study neither followed a gender nor ethnic specific purpose. The main identified barriers were: current financial situation and pension cuts; insufficient provision and increased user fees in primary care; inadequate design and availability of hospital care service; lack of long-term care facilities; increased out-of-pocket-payment on pharmaceuticals; limitations in exemption allowances; cuts in non-emergent health transportation; increased waiting time for elective surgery; and poor unadapted housing conditions for elderly. The health reforms and health budget cuts in the MoU implemented as part of the troika agreement have been associated with increasing health inequalities in access to healthcare services for the elderly population. The majority of responses disclosed an increasing deficiency across the entire National Health Service (NHS) to collaborate, integrate and communicate between the different healthcare sectors for providing adequate care to the elderly. An urgent necessity of restructuring the health care system to adapt towards the elderly population was implied.

  6. Funding breakthrough therapies: A systematic review and recommendation.

    PubMed

    Hanna, E; Toumi, M; Dussart, C; Borissov, B; Dabbous, O; Badora, K; Auquier, P

    2018-03-01

    Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are innovative therapies likely associated with high prices. Payers need guidance to create a balance between ensuring patient access to breakthrough therapies and maintaining the financial sustainability of the healthcare system. The aims of this study were to identify, define, classify and compare the approaches to funding high-cost medicines proposed in the literature, to analyze their appropriateness for ATMP funding and to suggest an optimal funding model for ATMPs. Forty-eight articles suggesting new funding models for innovative high-cost therapies were identified. The models were classified into 3 groups: financial agreement, health outcomes-based agreement and healthcoin. Financial agreement encompassed: discounts, rebates, price and volume caps, price-volume agreements, loans, cost-plus price, intellectual-based payment and fund-based payment. Health outcomes-based agreements were defined as agreements between manufacturers and payers based on drug performance, and were divided into performance-based payment and coverage with evidence development. Healthcoin described a new suggested tradeable currency used to assign monetary value to incremental outcomes. With a large number of ATMPs in development, it is time for stakeholders to start thinking about new pathways and funding strategies for these innovative high-cost therapies. An "ATMP-specific fund" may constitute a reasonable solution to ensure rapid patient access to innovation without threatening the sustainability of the health care system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Comment sought on new law affecting federally funded data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Senator Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) inserted a provision into the FY 1999 Omnibus Appropriations Bill (Public Law 105-277) last fall “to require Federal awarding agencies to ensure that all data produced under an award will be made available to the public through the procedures established under the Freedom of Information Act.” Under the new law, most non-profit organizations in cooperative agreements or receiving federal grants may be compelled to “provide the public with access to federally funded research data” that is “used by the Federal Government in developing policy and rules” according to bill proponents. Current rules only allow the granting agency to request raw data from researchers.The law upset some non-profit research organizations, universities, and scientific and engineering societies about possible consequences, unintended or otherwise, to researchers and their data. To its backers, the new law simply lets the public examine data underlying Federal policy. Others worry that draft regulations, proposed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) may compromise the scientific integrity of preliminary studies, fail to protect personal privacy, and affect intellectual property. Specifically, OMB must amend Circular A-110, “Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and other Non-Profit Organizations.” A bipartisan group of representatives already wrote a letter to OMB director Jack Lew urging him to solicit input from grant-awarding agencies, non-profits, hospitals, and the grant-recipient community before finalizing changes to Circular A-110.

  8. 45 CFR 601.9 - Access by historical researchers and former Presidential appointees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.9... access to classified information may be granted only as is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and... execute written agreements to safeguard the information and written consent to the Foundation's review of...

  9. 45 CFR 601.9 - Access by historical researchers and former Presidential appointees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.9... access to classified information may be granted only as is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and... execute written agreements to safeguard the information and written consent to the Foundation's review of...

  10. 45 CFR 601.9 - Access by historical researchers and former Presidential appointees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.9... access to classified information may be granted only as is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and... execute written agreements to safeguard the information and written consent to the Foundation's review of...

  11. 45 CFR 601.9 - Access by historical researchers and former Presidential appointees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.9... access to classified information may be granted only as is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and... execute written agreements to safeguard the information and written consent to the Foundation's review of...

  12. 45 CFR 601.9 - Access by historical researchers and former Presidential appointees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.9... access to classified information may be granted only as is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and... execute written agreements to safeguard the information and written consent to the Foundation's review of...

  13. 76 FR 58856 - Determination Regarding Waiver of Discriminatory Purchasing Requirements With Respect to Goods...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-22

    ... Representative, (202) 395-9476. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On December 7, 2010, the WTO Committee on Government Procurement approved the accession of Armenia to the World Trade Organization (``WTO'') Agreement on Government Procurement (``GPA''). Armenia submitted its instrument of accession to the Secretary-General of...

  14. 28 CFR 115.253 - Resident access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... with access to outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... communications will be monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in...

  15. 28 CFR 115.253 - Resident access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... with access to outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... communications will be monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in...

  16. 28 CFR 115.253 - Resident access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... with access to outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... communications will be monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in...

  17. 32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

  18. 32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

  19. 32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

  20. 32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

  1. 15 CFR 2008.15 - General restrictions on access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false General restrictions on access. 2008.15 Section 2008.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

  2. 15 CFR 2008.15 - General restrictions on access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General restrictions on access. 2008.15 Section 2008.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

  3. 15 CFR 2008.15 - General restrictions on access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General restrictions on access. 2008.15 Section 2008.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

  4. 15 CFR 2008.15 - General restrictions on access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false General restrictions on access. 2008.15 Section 2008.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

  5. 15 CFR 2008.15 - General restrictions on access.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General restrictions on access. 2008.15 Section 2008.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

  6. 40 CFR 2.215 - Confidentiality agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Confidentiality agreements. 2.215... Confidentiality of Business Information § 2.215 Confidentiality agreements. (a) No EPA officer, employee, contractor, or subcontractor shall enter into any agreement with any affected business to keep business...

  7. 40 CFR 2.215 - Confidentiality agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Confidentiality agreements. 2.215... Confidentiality of Business Information § 2.215 Confidentiality agreements. (a) No EPA officer, employee, contractor, or subcontractor shall enter into any agreement with any affected business to keep business...

  8. 78 FR 19029 - Negotiated Service Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-28

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-6; Order No. 1680] Negotiated Service Agreement... applicable,'' and that the Amendment ``will not materially affect the cost coverage'' of the agreement. Id... of the agreement on the average increase in prices of general applicability for ``Priority Mail...

  9. Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance.

    PubMed

    Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan; Danik, Marie Évelyne; Pantis, Ioana; Smith, Rachel; Røttingen, John-Arne; Hoffman, Steven J

    2016-01-01

    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue. International trade, travel, agricultural practices, and environmental contamination all make it possible for resistant microbes to cross national borders. Global collective action is needed in the form of an international agreement or other mechanism that brings states together at the negotiation table and commits them to adopt or implement policies to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms. This article describes an approach to assessing whether political and stakeholder interests can align to commit to tackling AMR. Two dimensions affecting political feasibility were selected and compared across 82 countries: 1) states' global influence and 2) self-interest in addressing AMR. World Bank GDP ranking was used as a proxy for global influence, while human antibiotic consumption (10-year percent change) was used as a proxy for self-interest in addressing AMR. We used these data to outline a typology of four country archetypes, and discuss how these archetypes can be used to understand whether a proposed agreement may have sufficient support to be politically feasible. Four types of countries exist within our proposed typology: 1) wealthy countries who have the expertise and financial resources to push for global collective action on AMR, 2) wealthy countries who need to act on AMR, 3) countries who require external assistance to act on AMR, and 4) neutral countries who may support action where applicable. Any international agreement will require substantial support from countries of the first type to lead global action, and from countries of the second type who have large increasing antimicrobial consumption levels. A large number of barriers exist that could derail efforts towards global collective action on AMR; issues of capacity, infrastructure, regulation, and stakeholder interests will need to be addressed in coordination with other actors to achieve an agreement on AMR. Achieving a global agreement on access, conservation, and innovation - the three pillars of AMR - will not be easy. However, smaller core groups of interested Initiator and Pivotal Countries could develop policy and resolve many issues. If highly influential countries take the lead, agreements could then be scaled up to achieve global action.

  10. "Limited Access" Programs: Exceptions that Threaten the Florida Higher Education Articulation Agreement.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Elizabeth Grace

    Florida's Higher Education Articulation Agreement, established in 1959, has long been recognized as a model of a state-coordinated, integrated system of public higher education. But explosive population growth combined with three years of state budget crises, resulting in $155 million of cuts to higher education, have threatened this system of 28…

  11. 32 CFR 3.8 - DoD access to records policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... to use an IPA: the business unit's name, address and the expected value of its award. When the clause... business unit that will perform the OT agreement, or a subawardee, meets the criteria for an audit pursuant... paragraph (c) of this section. The value establishing the threshold is the total value of the agreement...

  12. 32 CFR 3.8 - DoD access to records policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... to use an IPA: the business unit's name, address and the expected value of its award. When the clause... business unit that will perform the OT agreement, or a subawardee, meets the criteria for an audit pursuant... paragraph (c) of this section. The value establishing the threshold is the total value of the agreement...

  13. 32 CFR 37.840 - What general approach should I take in negotiating data and patent rights?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms... that may result from the project and future needs the Government may have for rights in them. The... between DoD interests in: (1) Gaining access to the best technologies for defense needs, including...

  14. 32 CFR 37.840 - What general approach should I take in negotiating data and patent rights?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms... that may result from the project and future needs the Government may have for rights in them. The... between DoD interests in: (1) Gaining access to the best technologies for defense needs, including...

  15. 2 CFR 180.530 - Where can I find the EPLS?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Where can I find the EPLS? 180.530 Section 180.530 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND...) Excluded Parties List System § 180.530 Where can I find the EPLS? You may access the EPLS through the...

  16. 40 CFR Appendix C-1 to Subpart E... - Required Provisions-Consulting Engineering Agreements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Changes 5. Termination 6. Remedies 7. Payment 8. Project Design 9. Audit; Access to Records 10. Price... production techniques, methods, and processes, consistent with 40 CFR 35.936-3 and 35.936-13 in effect on the date of execution of this agreement, except to the extent to which innovative technology may be used...

  17. 32 CFR 37.840 - What general approach should I take in negotiating data and patent rights?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms... that may result from the project and future needs the Government may have for rights in them. The... between DoD interests in: (1) Gaining access to the best technologies for defense needs, including...

  18. 32 CFR 37.840 - What general approach should I take in negotiating data and patent rights?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms... that may result from the project and future needs the Government may have for rights in them. The... between DoD interests in: (1) Gaining access to the best technologies for defense needs, including...

  19. 32 CFR 37.840 - What general approach should I take in negotiating data and patent rights?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms... that may result from the project and future needs the Government may have for rights in them. The... between DoD interests in: (1) Gaining access to the best technologies for defense needs, including...

  20. The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Study (TOBAS): A preliminary inter- and intra-rater agreement study on patient management.

    PubMed

    Fahed, Robert; Batista, André L; Darsaut, Tim E; Gentric, Jean-Christophe; Ducroux, Célina; Chaalala, Chiraz; Roberge, David; Bojanowski, Michel W; Weill, Alain; Roy, Daniel; Magro, Elsa; Raymond, Jean

    2017-07-01

    The best management of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) patients remains unknown. Randomized allocation may be more readily accepted when there is uncertainty and disagreement regarding the management of potential participants. In planning for a trial, we aimed to assess variability and agreement among physicians managing bAVM patients. A portfolio composed of 35 patients was sent to 47 clinicians of various specialties managing bAVM patients. For each patient, physicians were asked their best management decision (surgery/embolization/radiosurgery/conservative), their confidence level, and whether they would include the patient in a randomized trial comparing conservative and curative management. Seven physicians, who had access to all images of each patient, independently responded twice, to assess inter and intra-rater agreement using kappa statistics. The inter-rater agreement (30 raters, including 16 neuroradiologists) for best management decision was only "fair" (κ [95%CI]=0.210[0.157; 0.295]). Agreement remained below 'substantial' (κ<.6) between physicians of the same specialty, and when no distinctions were made between various treatments (when responses were dichotomized as conservative versus curative). With access to all images the inter-rater agreement remained fair. The intra-rater agreement reached "substantial" only for the dichotomized decisions. Responding clinicians were willing to include 54.4% of patients (mainly unruptured bAVMs) in a randomized trial. There is a lack of agreement among clinicians involved in the management of bAVM patients. In this study a substantial proportion of clinicians were willing to offer randomized allocation of management options to a substantial number of patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  1. 75 FR 54352 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Free Trade Agreements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-07

    ... collection: Chile, Singapore, Australia, Morocco, Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, and Peru. These agreements involve... addition of free trade agreements with Oman and Peru. Type of Review: Extension (with change). Affected...

  2. Basic survival needs and access to medicines--coming to grips with TRIPS: conversion + calculation.

    PubMed

    Van Puymbroeck, Rudolf V

    2010-01-01

    "Access to medicines" is a broad concept. After a review of three authoritative frameworks that help to identify its constitutive components, this essay summarizes the actual situation on the ground in low- and middle-income countries on the basis of recent empirical work. An analysis of survey data from 36 countries concluded that developing countries should promote generic medicines as a key policy option for improving access to medicines. Taking an international perspective to that recommendation, this essay reviews the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and, particularly, how this agreement has been applied in practice. As shown by the experience of Thailand, Brazil, and the Philippines, in order to deal effectively with international pressures for an excessive application of the TRIPS Agreement, some sort of conversion experience appears to be required, which then leads to a switch from a private enterprise, supply-driven approach to a public health vision that insists on universal and affordable access. But moral conviction is not sufficient. In order to muster and sustain the political will to face down international forces, civil society and government offices must be able and ready to show the costs and other adverse consequences of the TRIPS-based model for medicines. This calculation needs to reach beyond the health sector and calls for new alliances, nationally as well as internationally. © 2010 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

  3. A flexible influence of affective feelings on creative and analytic performance.

    PubMed

    Huntsinger, Jeffrey R; Ray, Cara

    2016-09-01

    Considerable research shows that positive affect improves performance on creative tasks and negative affect improves performance on analytic tasks. The present research entertained the idea that affective feelings have flexible, rather than fixed, effects on cognitive performance. Consistent with the idea that positive and negative affect signal the value of accessible processing inclinations, the influence of affective feelings on performance on analytic or creative tasks was found to be flexibly responsive to the relative accessibility of different styles of processing (i.e., heuristic vs. systematic, global vs. local). When a global processing orientation was accessible happy participants generated more creative uses for a brick (Experiment 1), successfully solved more remote associates and insight problems (Experiment 2) and displayed broader categorization (Experiment 3) than those in sad moods. When a local processing orientation was accessible this pattern reversed. When a heuristic processing style was accessible happy participants were more likely to commit the conjunction fallacy (Experiment 3) and showed less pronounced anchoring effects (Experiment 4) than sad participants. When a systematic processing style was accessible this pattern reversed. Implications of these results for relevant affect-cognition models are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  4. 77 FR 48511 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice... effective 9/1/2012. Filed Date: 8/6/12. Accession Number: 20120806-5135. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 8/27/12...: EAI Marketing Agreement Refile to be effective 10/1/ 2012. Filed Date: 8/6/12. Accession Number...

  5. 36 CFR 1600.22 - Requests for access to records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Wide Web site (which can be found at http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs). (c) Agreement to pay fees. If..., you may also, at your option, include your social security number. (e) Verification of guardianship... place of birth, and, at your option, the social security number of the individual; (2) Your own identity...

  6. 36 CFR 1600.22 - Requests for access to records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Wide Web site (which can be found at http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs). (c) Agreement to pay fees. If..., you may also, at your option, include your social security number. (e) Verification of guardianship... place of birth, and, at your option, the social security number of the individual; (2) Your own identity...

  7. 10 CFR 95.36 - Access by representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Access by representatives of the International Atomic... Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other international agreements. (a) Based upon written... an authorized representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or other international...

  8. 10 CFR 95.36 - Access by representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Access by representatives of the International Atomic... Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other international agreements. (a) Based upon written... an authorized representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or other international...

  9. 10 CFR 95.36 - Access by representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Access by representatives of the International Atomic... Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other international agreements. (a) Based upon written... an authorized representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or other international...

  10. 10 CFR 95.36 - Access by representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Access by representatives of the International Atomic... Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other international agreements. (a) Based upon written... an authorized representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or other international...

  11. 10 CFR 95.36 - Access by representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Access by representatives of the International Atomic... Atomic Energy Agency or by participants in other international agreements. (a) Based upon written... an authorized representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or other international...

  12. 75 FR 74034 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-30

    ...)(iii): Helper City Morgantown POD Construction Agreement to be effective 11/3/ 2010. Filed Date: 11/18... Account etc., to be effective 3/1/2010. Filed Date: 11/18/2010. Accession Number: 20101118-5001. Comment...: Baseline Filing to be effective 3/1/2009. Filed Date: 10/28/2010. Accession Number: 20101028-5136. Comment...

  13. 76 FR 39438 - Solicitation for a Cooperative Agreement-Evaluating Early Access to Medicaid as a Reentry Strategy

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-06

    ... community is a critical factor in this, providing crucial support to individuals as they strive to comply... significant investments in the health of incarcerated individuals; access to affordable healthcare post... Jobs for Ex- Prisoners Implementation, Two-Year Impacts, and Costs of the Center for Employment...

  14. TISSUES 2.0: an integrative web resource on mammalian tissue expression

    PubMed Central

    Palasca, Oana; Santos, Alberto; Stolte, Christian; Gorodkin, Jan; Jensen, Lars Juhl

    2018-01-01

    Abstract Physiological and molecular similarities between organisms make it possible to translate findings from simpler experimental systems—model organisms—into more complex ones, such as human. This translation facilitates the understanding of biological processes under normal or disease conditions. Researchers aiming to identify the similarities and differences between organisms at the molecular level need resources collecting multi-organism tissue expression data. We have developed a database of gene–tissue associations in human, mouse, rat and pig by integrating multiple sources of evidence: transcriptomics covering all four species and proteomics (human only), manually curated and mined from the scientific literature. Through a scoring scheme, these associations are made comparable across all sources of evidence and across organisms. Furthermore, the scoring produces a confidence score assigned to each of the associations. The TISSUES database (version 2.0) is publicly accessible through a user-friendly web interface and as part of the STRING app for Cytoscape. In addition, we analyzed the agreement between datasets, across and within organisms, and identified that the agreement is mainly affected by the quality of the datasets rather than by the technologies used or organisms compared. Database URL: http://tissues.jensenlab.org/ PMID:29617745

  15. A cross-linguistic data bank for oral picture naming in Dutch, English, German, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish (PEDOI).

    PubMed

    Kremin, Helgard; Akhutina, Tanya; Basso, Anna; Davidoff, Jules; De Wilde, Martine; Kitzing, Peter; Lorenz, Antje; Perrier, Danièle; van der Sandt-Koenderman, Mieke; Vendrell, Josep; Weniger, Dorothea; Apt, Pia; Arabia, Catherine; De Bleser, Ria; Cohen, Henri; Corbineau, Mathilde; Dolivet, Marie-Christine; Hirsh, Kathi; Lehoux, Emilie; Metz-Lutz, Mari Noëlle; Montañes, Patricia; Plagne, Stéphanie; Polonskaya, Natalya; Sirois, Mélanie; Stachowiak, Franz; Sweeney, Trione; Vish-Brink, Evy

    2003-11-01

    The well established effect of word frequency on adult's picture naming performance is now called into question. This is particularly true for variables which are correlated with frequency, as is the case of age of word acquisition. Since the work of [Carrol and White, 1973] there is growing agreement among researchers to confer an important role in lexical access to this variable. Indeed, it has been shown ( [Hodgson and Ellis, 1998]) that for normal English-speaking adults only the variables 'age-of-acquisition' and 'name agreement' are independent predictors of naming success among the various variables considered. However, when brain-damaged subjects with and without degenerative pathologies are studied, word frequency and word length as well as concept familiarity all give significant effects ( [Hirsh and Funnell, 1995]; [Lambon Ralph et al., 1998]; [Nickels and Howard, 1995]). Finally, it has been suggested that the production of specific error types may be related to such variables. According to [Nickels and Howard, 1994] the production of semantic errors is specifically affected by 'imageability' and in the recent study by [Kremin et al., 2001] 'age of acquisition' predicts (frank) word finding difficulties.

  16. Innovation in the public sphere:* reimagining law and economics to solve the National Institutes of Health publishing controversy

    PubMed Central

    Tschider, Charlotte A.

    2014-01-01

    The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are responsible for the largest proportion of biological science funding in the United States. To protect the public interest in access to publicly funded scientific research, the NIH amended terms and conditions in funding agreements after 2009, requiring funded Principal Investigators to deposit published copies of research in PubMed, an Open Access repository. Principal Investigators have partially complied with this depository requirement, and the NIH have signaled an intent to enforce grant agreement terms and conditions by stopping funding deposits and engaging in legal action. The global economic value of accessible knowledge offers a unique opportunity for courts to evaluate the impact of enforcing ‘openness’ contract terms and conditions within domestic and international economies for public and economic benefit. Through judicial enforcement of Open Access terms and conditions, the United States can increase economic efficiency for university libraries, academic participants, and public consumers, while accelerating global innovation, improving financial returns on science funding investments, and advancing more efficient scientific publishing models. PMID:27774169

  17. Patents and access to drugs in developing countries: an ethical analysis.

    PubMed

    Sterckx, Sigrid

    2004-05-01

    More than a third of the world's population has no access to essential drugs. More than half of this group of people live in the poorest regions of Africa and Asia. Several factors determine the accessibility of drugs in developing countries. Hardly any medicines for tropical diseases are being developed, but even existing drugs are often not available to the patients who need them. One of the important determinants of access to drugs is the working of the patent system. This paper first maps out some facts about the global patent regime that has emerged as a consequence of the conclusion of the WTO-TRIPs Agreement in 1994. Attempts to construct a moral justification of the patent system have been based on three grounds: natural rights, distributive justice, and utilitarian arguments. This paper examines to what extent and on which grounds drug patents can be justified. The final section looks at the so-called 'Doha Declaration on the TRIPs Agreement and Public Health', which was adopted by the WTO Ministerial Conference two years ago, recognising the primacy of public health over the interests of patent proprietors.

  18. International Charter `Space and Major Disasters' Collaborations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jones, B. K.

    2017-12-01

    The International Charter aims at providing a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to national disaster authorities of countries affected by natural or man-made disasters. Each of the sixteen Member Agencies has committed resources to support the objectives of the Charter and thus helping to mitigate the effects of disasters on human life and property, getting critical information into the hands of the disaster responders so that they can make informed decisions in the wake of a disaster. The Charter Member Agencies work together to provide remotely sensed imagery to any requesting country that is experiencing a natural or man-made disaster. The Space Agencies contribute priority satellite taskings, archive retrievals, and map production, as well as imagery of the affected areas. The imagery is provided at no cost to the affected country and is made available for the immediate response phase of the disaster. The Charter also has agreements with Sentinel Asia to submit activation requests on behalf of its 30+ member countries and the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UN OOSA) and United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)/ United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT) to submit activations on behalf of United Nations relief agencies such as UNICEF and UNOCHA. To further expand accessibility to the Charter Member Agency resources, the Charter has implemented the Universal Access initiative, which allows any country's disaster management authority to submit an application, attend a brief training session, and after successful completion, become an Authorized User able to submit activation requests without assistance from Member Agencies. The data provided by the Charter is used for many purposes including damage assessments, reference maps, evacuation route planning, search and rescue operations, decision maker briefings, scientific evaluations, and other response activities.

  19. 76 FR 11857 - Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Provisions; Fisheries of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-03

    ...NMFS proposes regulations to implement measures in Framework Adjustment (FW) 45 to the NE Multispecies Fishery Management Plan (FMP). FW 45 was developed by the New England Fishery Management Council (Council) to prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, achieve optimum yield (OY), and minimize the economic impact of management measures on affected vessels, pursuant to the Magnuson- Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act). This action would revise the biological reference points and stock status for pollock, update annual catch limits (ACLs) for several stocks for fishing years (FYs) 2011-2012, adjust the rebuilding program for Georges Bank (GB) yellowtail flounder, increase scallop vessel access to the Great South Channel Exemption Area, approve five new sectors, modify the existing dockside and at-sea monitoring requirements, revise several sector administrative provisions, establish a Gulf of Maine (GOM) Cod Spawning Protection Area, and refine measures affecting the catch of limited access NE multispecies Handgear A vessels. This action would disapprove the Council's proposed catch limits for GB yellowtail flounder for FY 2011, and instead propose new catch limits for this stock through emergency action authority based on new flexibility provided by the International Fisheries Agreement Clarification Act. This action is necessary to ensure that the fishery is managed on the basis of the best available science, to comply with the acceptable biological catch (ABC) control rules adopted in Amendment 16 to the FMP, and to enhance the viability of the fishery following the transition to sector management in 2010.

  20. Evaluation of Online Information Sources on Alien Species in Europe: The Need of Harmonization and Integration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gatto, Francesca; Katsanevakis, Stelios; Vandekerkhove, Jochen; Zenetos, Argyro; Cardoso, Ana Cristina

    2013-06-01

    Europe is severely affected by alien invasions, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem services, economy, and human health. A large number of national, regional, and global online databases provide information on the distribution, pathways of introduction, and impacts of alien species. The sufficiency and efficiency of the current online information systems to assist the European policy on alien species was investigated by a comparative analysis of occurrence data across 43 online databases. Large differences among databases were found which are partially explained by variations in their taxonomical, environmental, and geographical scopes but also by the variable efforts for continuous updates and by inconsistencies on the definition of "alien" or "invasive" species. No single database covered all European environments, countries, and taxonomic groups. In many European countries national databases do not exist, which greatly affects the quality of reported information. To be operational and useful to scientists, managers, and policy makers, online information systems need to be regularly updated through continuous monitoring on a country or regional level. We propose the creation of a network of online interoperable web services through which information in distributed resources can be accessed, aggregated and then used for reporting and further analysis at different geographical and political scales, as an efficient approach to increase the accessibility of information. Harmonization, standardization, conformity on international standards for nomenclature, and agreement on common definitions of alien and invasive species are among the necessary prerequisites.

  1. How do emergency physicians interpret prescription narcotic history when assessing patients presenting to the emergency department with pain?

    PubMed

    Grover, Casey A; Garmel, Gus M

    2012-01-01

    Narcotics are frequently prescribed in the Emergency Department (ED) and are increasingly abused. Prescription monitoring programs affect prescribing by Emergency Physicians (EPs), yet little is known on how EPs interpret prescription records. To assess how EPs interpret prescription narcotic history for patients in the ED with painful conditions. DESIGN/MAIN Outcome Measures: We created an anonymous survey of EPs consisting of fictitious cases of patients presenting to the ED with back pain. For each case, we provided a prescription history that varied in the number of narcotic prescriptions, prescribing physicians, and narcotic potency. Respondents rated how likely they thought each patient was drug seeking, and how likely they thought that the prescription history would change their prescribing behavior. We calculated κ values to evaluate interobserver reliability of physician assessment of drug-seeking behavior. We collected 59 responses (response rate = 70%). Respondents most suspected drug seeking in patients with greater than 6 prescriptions per month or greater than 6 prescribing physicians in 2 months. Medication potency did not affect physician interpretation of drug seeking. Respondents reported that access to a prescription history would change their prescribing practice in all cases. κ values for assessment of drug seeking demonstrated moderate agreement. A greater number of prescriptions and a greater number of prescribing physicians in the prescription record increased suspicion for drug seeking. EPs believed that access to prescription history would change their prescribing behavior, yet interobserver reliability in the assessment of drug seeking was moderate.

  2. 47 CFR 25.263 - Information sharing requirements for SDARS terrestrial repeater operators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SDARS licensee and all potentially affected WCS licensees reach a mutual agreement to provide... SDARS licensee and all potentially affected WCS licensees reach a mutual agreement to provide... notice period. (e) Duty to cooperate. SDARS licensees must cooperate in good faith in the selection and...

  3. An Unbiased Estimate of Global Interrater Agreement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cousineau, Denis; Laurencelle, Louis

    2017-01-01

    Assessing global interrater agreement is difficult as most published indices are affected by the presence of mixtures of agreements and disagreements. A previously proposed method was shown to be specifically sensitive to global agreement, excluding mixtures, but also negatively biased. Here, we propose two alternatives in an attempt to find what…

  4. 46 CFR 280.3 - Standards governing award of an ODS agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards governing award of an ODS agreement. 280.3 Section 280.3 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... LINER OPERATORS § 280.3 Standards governing award of an ODS agreement. No ODS agreement, including any...

  5. 76 FR 23577 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-27

    ... Interconnection, L.L.C. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Queue No. W3-124--Original Service Agreement No... Transmission Agreement with Auburndale Pwr Partners to be effective 5/1/2011. Filed Date: 04/21/2011. Accession... tariff filing per 35.13(a)(1): 04--21--11 Paris Rate Schedule 407 Settlement to be effective 3/31/2011...

  6. IP and Data Access | Division of Cancer Prevention

    Cancer.gov

    The following outlines the different patent and licensing mechanisms applicable to studies of third-party agents in the PREVENT Program. Please note that the NCI has a variety of agreement mechanisms by which these terms may be applied and will work with the NCI Technology Transfer Center to determine the appropriate agreement for the studies approved by the PREVENT Program. |

  7. Case Studies in Environment Integration

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-12-01

    such as CADRE Teamwork and Frame Technology FrameMaker , are integrated. Future plans include integrating additional software development tools into...Pictures, Sabre C, and Interleaf or FrameMaker . Cad- re Technologies has announced integration agreements with Saber C and Pansophic, as well as offering...access to the Interleaf and FrameMaker documentation tools. While some of the current agreements between vendors to create tool coalitions are

  8. Data Use Disclaimer Agreement | Energy Analysis | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    ;). Access to and use of this Tool shall impose the following obligations on the user, as set forth in this Agreement. The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and the use of this Tool. The names DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE, however, may not be used in any advertising or

  9. Processing Subject-Verb Agreement in a Second Language Depends on Proficiency

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoshino, Noriko; Dussias, Paola E.; Kroll, Judith F.

    2010-01-01

    Subject-verb agreement is a computation that is often difficult to execute perfectly in the first language (L1) and even more difficult to produce skillfully in a second language (L2). In this study, we examine the way in which bilingual speakers complete sentence fragments in a manner that reflects access to both grammatical and conceptual…

  10. The right to health and medicines: the case of recent multilateral negotiations on public health, innovation and intellectual property.

    PubMed

    Velasquez, German

    2014-08-01

    The negotiations of the intergovernmental group known as the 'IGWG', undertaken by the Member States of the WHO, were the result of a deadlock in the World Health Assembly held in 2006 where the Member States of the WHO were unable to reach an agreement on what to do with the 60 recommendations in the report on 'Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights submitted to the Assembly in the same year by a group of experts designated by the Director General of the WHO. The result of these negotiations was the 'Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property' which was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2008. The intention of the Global Strategy and Plan of Action (GSPOA) which was produced by the IGWG was to substantially reform the pharmaceuticals' research and development system in view of the findings that this system, whose purpose is to produce medicines for diseases which affect the greater part of the world population which lives in developing countries, had failed. The intellectual property rights imposed by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the recent trade agreements could become one of the main obstacles to access to medicines. The GSPOA makes a critical analysis of this reality, and opens the door to searching for new solutions to this problem. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. International Agreements on Transboundary Shipments of Hazardous Waste

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Several international agreements may affect U.S. hazardous waste import and export practices including the Basel Convention, the OECD Council Decision, and bilateral agreements between the U.S. and Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Malaysia, and the Philippines

  12. Security enhanced anonymous multiserver authenticated key agreement scheme using smart cards and biometrics.

    PubMed

    Choi, Younsung; Nam, Junghyun; Lee, Donghoon; Kim, Jiye; Jung, Jaewook; Won, Dongho

    2014-01-01

    An anonymous user authentication scheme allows a user, who wants to access a remote application server, to achieve mutual authentication and session key establishment with the server in an anonymous manner. To enhance the security of such authentication schemes, recent researches combined user's biometrics with a password. However, these authentication schemes are designed for single server environment. So when a user wants to access different application servers, the user has to register many times. To solve this problem, Chuang and Chen proposed an anonymous multiserver authenticated key agreement scheme using smart cards together with passwords and biometrics. Chuang and Chen claimed that their scheme not only supports multiple servers but also achieves various security requirements. However, we show that this scheme is vulnerable to a masquerade attack, a smart card attack, a user impersonation attack, and a DoS attack and does not achieve perfect forward secrecy. We also propose a security enhanced anonymous multiserver authenticated key agreement scheme which addresses all the weaknesses identified in Chuang and Chen's scheme.

  13. 76 FR 69263 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-08

    .... Description: ITC Midwest LLC submits tariff filing per 35.19a(b): Filing of a Refund Report to be effective N... Appendix I to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 11/01/2011. Accession Number: 20111101-5073. Comment Date... Operating Agreement to be effective 11/1/2011. Filed Date: 11/01/2011. Accession Number: 20111101-5081...

  14. 75 FR 4366 - Combined Notice of Filings No. 1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-27

    ...: 20091231-0239. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, January 12, 2010. Docket Numbers: RP10-287-000.... Accession Number: 20100104-0146. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, January 12, 2010. Docket... Agreement. Filed Date: 12/31/2009. Accession Number: 20100104-0144. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time on...

  15. 77 FR 15095 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-14

    .... 3250; Queue No. W2-091 to be effective 2/14/2012. Filed Date: 3/7/12. Accession Number: 20120307-5041.... Description: Original Service Agreement No. 3249; Queue No. W2-088 effective 2/14/2012 [initial submission description misidentified as No. 3250; Queue No. W2-091. Filed Date: 3/7/12. Accession Number: 20120307-5051...

  16. 76 FR 51964 - Combined Notice of Filings # 1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-19

    ...'s to be effective 10/9/2011. Filed Date: 08/10/2011. Accession Number: 20110810-5048. Comment Date... Queue No. P59/W2-057; Original Service Agreement No. 2987 to be effective 7/12/2011. Filed Date: 08/10.... The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying...

  17. Challenges in Obtaining Property Access: The FUSRAP Maywood Site Experience - 13433

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kollar, William

    2013-07-01

    The Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) is the US government program started in 1974 to identify, investigate and clean up or control sites that became contaminated as a result of the nation's early atomic programs. Many of these sites are not owned by the federal government and therefore require owner permission to enter. The experience in pursuing such access at the FUSRAP Maywood Superfund Site (the Maywood Site or the Site) in Bergen County, New Jersey, is extensive. Since the US Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) assumed responsibility for the Maywood Site from the US Department ofmore » Energy in 1997, at least 186 separate property access agreements (known in FUSRAP as a Real Estate Right-of- Entry or ROE) have been executed between the Corps and approximately 55 different land owners and tenant occupants at the Maywood Site (agreement renewals with the same owners over time account for the difference). Maywood's experience during the Corps' tenure, reflected here in three case studies of representative property access efforts, offers some lessons and best practices that may apply to other remedial programs. While the Site Community Relations Manager (the author of this paper) managed the property access task, multi-disciplinary support from across the project was also critical to success in this endeavor. (authors)« less

  18. Prospector: A web-based tool for rapid acquisition of gold standard data for pathology research and image analysis

    PubMed Central

    Wright, Alexander I.; Magee, Derek R.; Quirke, Philip; Treanor, Darren E.

    2015-01-01

    Background: Obtaining ground truth for pathological images is essential for various experiments, especially for training and testing image analysis algorithms. However, obtaining pathologist input is often difficult, time consuming and expensive. This leads to algorithms being over-fitted to small datasets, and inappropriate validation, which causes poor performance on real world data. There is a great need to gather data from pathologists in a simple and efficient manner, in order to maximise the amount of data obtained. Methods: We present a lightweight, web-based HTML5 system for administering and participating in data collection experiments. The system is designed for rapid input with minimal effort, and can be accessed from anywhere in the world with a reliable internet connection. Results: We present two case studies that use the system to assess how limitations on fields of view affect pathologist agreement, and to what extent poorly stained slides affect judgement. In both cases, the system collects pathologist scores at a rate of less than two seconds per image. Conclusions: The system has multiple potential applications in pathology and other domains. PMID:26110089

  19. Prospector: A web-based tool for rapid acquisition of gold standard data for pathology research and image analysis.

    PubMed

    Wright, Alexander I; Magee, Derek R; Quirke, Philip; Treanor, Darren E

    2015-01-01

    Obtaining ground truth for pathological images is essential for various experiments, especially for training and testing image analysis algorithms. However, obtaining pathologist input is often difficult, time consuming and expensive. This leads to algorithms being over-fitted to small datasets, and inappropriate validation, which causes poor performance on real world data. There is a great need to gather data from pathologists in a simple and efficient manner, in order to maximise the amount of data obtained. We present a lightweight, web-based HTML5 system for administering and participating in data collection experiments. The system is designed for rapid input with minimal effort, and can be accessed from anywhere in the world with a reliable internet connection. We present two case studies that use the system to assess how limitations on fields of view affect pathologist agreement, and to what extent poorly stained slides affect judgement. In both cases, the system collects pathologist scores at a rate of less than two seconds per image. The system has multiple potential applications in pathology and other domains.

  20. Market Access Agreements for pharmaceuticals in Europe: diversity of approaches and underlying concepts.

    PubMed

    Jarosławski, Szymon; Toumi, Mondher

    2011-10-08

    Market Access Agreements (MAA) between pharmaceutical industry and health care payers have been proliferating in Europe in the last years. MAA can be simple discounts from the list price or very sophisticated schemes with inarguably high administrative burden. We distinguished and defined from the health care payer perspective three kinds of MAA: Commercial Agreements (CA), Payment for Performance Agreements (P4P) and Coverage with Evidence Development (CED). Apart from CA, the agreements assumed collection and analysis of real-life health outcomes data, either from a cohort of patients (CED) or on per patient basis (P4P). We argue that while P4P aim at reducing drug cost to payers without a systematic approach to addressing uncertainty about drugs' value, CED were implemented provisionally to reduce payer's uncertainty about value of a medicine within a defined time period. We are of opinion that while CA and P4P have a potential to reduce payers' expenditure on costly drugs while maintaining a high list price, CED address initial uncertainty related to assessing the real-life value of new drugs and enable a final HTA recommendation or reimbursement and pricing decisions. Further, we suggest that real cost to health care payers of drugs in CA and P4P should be made publicly available in a systematic manner, to avoid a perverse impact of these MAA types on the international reference pricing system.

  1. A telehealth approach to conducting clinical swallowing evaluations in children with cerebral palsy.

    PubMed

    Kantarcigil, Cagla; Sheppard, Justine Joan; Gordon, Andrew M; Friel, Kathleen M; Malandraki, Georgia A

    2016-08-01

    Accurate and timely evaluation of dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is critical. For children with limited access to quality healthcare, telehealth is an option; however, its reliability needs to be investigated. To test the reliability of an asynchronous telehealth model for evaluating dysphagia in children with CP using a standardized clinical assessment. Nineteen children (age range 6.9-17.5) were assessed at three mealtimes via the Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS) by three clinicians (face-to-face evaluations). Mealtimes were video-recorded to allow asynchronous evaluations by a remote clinician who also completed approximately 1/3 of face-to-face evaluations. Agreement was tested on DDS variables and dysphagia severity. Results revealed substantial to excellent agreement between face-to-face and remote assessments by the same rater (78-100%, KW=0.64-1) on all, but two variables (oral transport and oral pharyngeal swallow) and by different raters (69-89%, KW=0.6-0.86) on all but one variable (orienting). For dysphagia severity, intrarater agreement was excellent (100%, KW=1); interrater agreement was substantial (85%; KW=0.76). Asynchronous clinical swallowing evaluations using standardized tools have acceptable levels of agreement with face-to-face evaluations, and can be an alternative for children with limited access to expert swallowing care. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. 78 FR 72016 - User Fees for Processing Installment Agreements and Offers in Compromise

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-02

    ... regulations affect taxpayers who wish to pay their federal tax liabilities through installment agreements and... to pay $43 for any new installment agreement, including a direct debit installment agreement. The... do not have the means to pay the user fee, even at the reduced rate. The commenter stated that low...

  3. 2 CFR 180.145 - Does an exclusion under the Federal procurement system affect a person's eligibility to...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Does an exclusion under the Federal procurement system affect a person's eligibility to participate in nonprocurement transactions? 180.145 Section 180.145 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS...

  4. Inter- and Intrarater Agreement on the Outcome of Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysms Using MRA.

    PubMed

    Jamali, S; Fahed, R; Gentric, J-C; Letourneau-Guillon, L; Raoult, H; Bing, F; Estrade, L; Nguyen, T N; Tollard, É; Ferre, J-C; Iancu, D; Naggara, O; Chagnon, M; Weill, A; Roy, D; Fox, A J; Kallmes, D F; Raymond, J

    2016-05-01

    Patients treated with coiling are often followed by MR angiography. Our objective was to assess the inter- and intraobserver agreement in diagnosing aneurysm remnants and recurrences by using multimodality imaging, including TOF MRA. A portfolio composed of 120 selected images from 56 patients was sent to 15 neuroradiologists from 10 institutions. For each case, raters were asked to classify angiographic results (3 classes) of 2 studies (32 MRA-MRA and 24 DSA-MRA pairs) and to provide a final judgment regarding the presence of a recurrence (no, minor, major). Six raters were asked to independently review the portfolio twice. A second study, restricted to 4 raters having full access to all images, was designed to validate the results of the electronic survey. The proportion of cases judged to have a major recurrence varied between 16.1% and 71.4% (mean, 35.0% ± 12.7%). There was moderate agreement overall (κ = 0.474 ± 0.009), increasing to nearly substantial (κ = 0.581 ± 0.014) when the judgment was dichotomized (presence or absence of a major recurrence). Agreement on cases followed-up by MRA-MRA was similarly substantial (κ = 0.601 ± 0.018). The intrarater agreement varied between fair (κ = 0.257 ± 0.093) and substantial (κ= 0.699 ± 0.084), improving with a dichotomized judgment concerning MRA-MRA comparisons. Agreement was no better when raters had access to all images. There is an important variability in the assessment of angiographic outcomes of endovascular treatments. Agreement on the presence of a major recurrence when comparing 2 MRA studies or the MRA with the last catheter angiographic study can be substantial. © 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

  5. Factors affecting access to head and neck cancer care after a natural disaster: a post-Hurricane Katrina survey.

    PubMed

    Loehn, Bridget; Pou, Anna M; Nuss, Daniel W; Tenney, Justin; McWhorter, Andrew; DiLeo, Michael; Kakade, Anagha C; Walvekar, Rohan R

    2011-01-01

    Our aim was to survey the factors affecting access to cancer care in patients with head and neck cancer after Hurricane Katrina. In this cross-sectional survey, 207 patients with head and neck cancer were identified post-Hurricane Katrina, but only 83 patients completed the questionnaires and were analyzed. Clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic data were recorded. Chi-square test and t test were used for comparisons. Patients who felt that there was a lack of access to cancer care would have sought treatment earlier had they had better access to cancer care (chi-square[1] = 32; p < .0001). Patients who felt that there was a lack of access to cancer care also had difficulty receiving treatment (chi-square[1] = 48; p < .0001). Availability of transportation affected access to cancer care in patients with early-stage cancers (chi-square[1] = 4; p < .035). In the postdisaster environment, patients who felt the lack of access to cancer care post-Hurricane Katrina would have sought treatment earlier with better access to cancer care. These patients also reported difficulty obtaining cancer treatment. Availability of transportation affected access to cancer care in patients with early-stage cancers. Clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors did not influence access to cancer care. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.

  6. Impact on access to medicines from TRIPS-Plus: a case study of Thai-US FTA.

    PubMed

    Kessomboon, Nusaraporn; Limpananont, Jiraporn; Kulsomboon, Vidhaya; Maleewong, Usawadee; Eksaengsri, Achara; Paothong, Prinya

    2010-05-01

    This study assessed the impact of the Thai-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on access to medicines in Thailand. We first interpreted the text of the sixth round of Thai-US negotiations in 2006 on intellectual property rights (IPR). The impact was estimated using a macroeconomic model of the impact of changes in IPR. The estimated impact is based on a comparison between the current IPR situation and the proposed changes to IPR. The FTA text involves the period of patent extension from the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS Agreement). The provisions involve the period of patent extension, which have to do with compensation for delays in patent registration and/or drug registration, data exclusivity that would result in a delay in generic drug entry, and the enforcing role of the Thai Food and Drug Administration of patent linkages. As a worst case scenario for this single provision, a 10 year patent extension would be given to compensate for delays in patent registration and/or drug registration. The impact on access to medicine, in the year 2027, would be: 1) A 32% increase in the medicine price index, 2) spending on medicines would increase to approximately USD 11,191 million, (USD1 = THB 33.9 on September 2, 2009), and 3) the domestic industry could loss USD 3.3 million. These results suggest there would be a severe restriction on the access to medicines under the TRIPS-Plus proposal. IPR protection of pharmaceuticals per the TRIPS-Plus proposal should be excluded from FTA negotiations.

  7. 47 CFR 0.141 - Functions of the Bureau.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... accessibility of communications services and technologies for persons with disabilities. (g) Plans, develops... Affiliation Agreements, court citation files, and legislative histories concerning telecommunications dockets...

  8. Schedule Risk Analysis Of Southern Mainway Construction In Jember Regency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Susilo, K.; Wiguna, I. P. A.; Adi, T. J. W.

    2017-11-01

    In Jember Regency, it has been built Southern Cross Road (JLS) as part of regional project. On the implementation of previous construction, there were still some events which gave negative impact to the project. The purpose of this research is to analyze risk and its effect on schedule at the construction phase of JLS at Jember Regency. Risk identification process is carried out by site survey, literature studies and supporting data. The use of Probability and Impact Matrix were aimed to obtain the level of risk. Based on the analysis, it was obtained six highest risk that could affecting schedule, such as difficult access locations, heavy rains, increases of material price, broken road pavement work, change order, and work accident. Risk responses were proposed by applying agreement to guarantee stock and price of materials, prioritized drainage, and constructing bridge to solve difficult access. An intense coordination in the site, routine checks of quality, manufacturing of retailing walls were also needed to reduce possibility of distruption to pavement work. To avoid work accident, it is needed to socialize about harsh terrain condition, mutual allertness among supervisor, worker and the others, and also all personals must comply with savety rules.

  9. Reimbursement challenges with cancer immunotherapeutics

    PubMed Central

    Kudrin, Alex

    2012-01-01

    Today the task of cancer vaccine developers is not only to excel in cancer immunology and art of conducting immunotherapy trials but also in the analysis and forecasting the cost-effectiveness of the final product. This article reviews methodology used by EU health-technology bodies in the appraisal of new therapies based on economic and clinical values and different budgetary uncertainties. Increasingly, new oncology treatments were able to access EU market only under provision of risk-sharing agreements with payers and examples of such agreements are given here. Cancer vaccine developers should consider early collection of patient reported outcomes in order to project additional clinical and economic value with immunotherapy. Furthermore, early interaction with different stakeholders including patient organizations, physicians and payer bodies can facilitate market access. PMID:22894969

  10. Access to medicines and distributive justice: breaching Doha's ethical threshold.

    PubMed

    Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel

    2014-08-01

    The global health crisis in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) reveals a deep global health inequity that lies at the heart of global justice concerns. Mirroring the HIV/AIDS epidemic, NCDs bring into stark relief once more the human consequences of trade policies that reinforce global inequities in treatment access. Recognising distributive justice issues in access to medicines for their populations, World Trade Organisation (WTO) members confirmed the primacy of access to medicines for all in trade and public health in the landmark Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 2001. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. Global Trade and Public Health

    PubMed Central

    Shaffer, Ellen R.; Waitzkin, Howard; Brenner, Joseph; Jasso-Aguilar, Rebeca

    2005-01-01

    Global trade and international trade agreements have transformed the capacity of governments to monitor and to protect public health, to regulate occupational and environmental health conditions and food products, and to ensure affordable access to medications. Proposals under negotiation for the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the regional Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement cover a wide range of health services, health facilities, clinician licensing, water and sanitation services, and tobacco and alcohol distribution services. Public health professionals and organizations rarely participate in trade negotiations or in resolution of trade disputes. The linkages among global trade, international trade agreements, and public health deserve more attention than they have received to date. PMID:15623854

  12. 10 CFR 609.17 - Audit and access to records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., documentation for all project indebtedness, income tax returns, technology agreements, documentation for all... utilize employees of other Federal agencies, independent accountants, or other persons. ...

  13. Frostbite: First Aid

    MedlinePlus

    ... Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/frostbite.html. Accessed ... Conditions and Terms Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions ...

  14. CREATION OF THE MODEL ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Houck, F.; Rosenthal, M.; Wulf, N.

    In 1991, the international nuclear nonproliferation community was dismayed to discover that the implementation of safeguards by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under its NPT INFCIRC/153 safeguards agreement with Iraq had failed to detect Iraq's nuclear weapon program. It was now clear that ensuring that states were fulfilling their obligations under the NPT would require not just detecting diversion but also the ability to detect undeclared materials and activities. To achieve this, the IAEA initiated what would turn out to be a five-year effort to reappraise the NPT safeguards system. The effort engaged the IAEA and its Member Statesmore » and led to agreement in 1997 on a new safeguards agreement, the Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between States and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards. The Model Protocol makes explicit that one IAEA goal is to provide assurance of the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities. The Model Protocol requires an expanded declaration that identifies a State's nuclear potential, empowers the IAEA to raise questions about the correctness and completeness of the State's declaration, and, if needed, allows IAEA access to locations. The information required and the locations available for access are much broader than those provided for under INFCIRC/153. The negotiation was completed in quite a short time because it started with a relatively complete draft of an agreement prepared by the IAEA Secretariat. This paper describes how the Model Protocol was constructed and reviews key decisions that were made both during the five-year period and in the actual negotiation.« less

  15. How Do Professional Mutual Recognition Agreements Affect Higher Education? Examining Regional Policy in North America

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sa, Creso; Gaviria, Patricia

    2011-01-01

    Professional mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) are one of the policy instruments employed in global and regional trade agreements to facilitate the mobility of skilled labour. While such agreements have been noted in the literature examining cross-border academic mobility, little is known about how they impact higher education. This paper…

  16. Affective regulation of stereotype activation: It’s the (accessible) thought that counts

    PubMed Central

    Huntsinger, Jeffrey R.; Sinclair, Stacey; Dunn, Elizabeth; Clore, Gerald L.

    2010-01-01

    Extant research demonstrates that positive affect, compared to negative affect, increases stereotyping. In four experiments we explore whether the link between affect and stereotyping depends, critically, on the relative accessibility of stereotype-relevant thoughts and response tendencies. As well as manipulating mood, we measured or manipulated the accessibility of egalitarian response tendencies (Experiments 1-2) and counter-stereotypic thoughts (Experiments 3-4). In the absence of such response tendencies and thoughts, people in positive moods displayed greater stereotype activation —consistent with past research. By contrast, in the presence of accessible egalitarian response tendencies or counter-stereotypic thoughts, people in positive moods exhibited less stereotype activation than those in negative moods. PMID:20363909

  17. Doing State Policy at Preschool: An Autoethnographic Tale of Universal Access to ECEC in Australia

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Millei, Zsuzsa; Gobby, Brad; Gallagher, Jannelle

    2017-01-01

    In 2009, the Australian states and territories signed an agreement to provide 15 hours per week of universal access to quality early education to all children in Australia in the year before they enter school. Taking on board the international evidence about the importance of early education, the Commonwealth government made a considerable…

  18. A Teacher's Perspective on Autonomy and Self-Access: From Theory to Perception to Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wichayathian, Nanthiya; Reinders, Hayo

    2018-01-01

    Considerable resources are expended on the development of learner autonomy (LA), and in particular on the provision of self-access facilities as one of the most common ways in which institutions have tried to foster autonomy. Whether the intended outcomes are achieved depends in large part on teachers' agreement with and understanding of the…

  19. 78 FR 9902 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-12

    ... Communications Agreement 5th Revised to be effective 4/1/2013. Filed Date: 1/30/13. Accession Number: 20130130... G549 Amended Filing to be effective 9/13/2012. Filed Date: 1/31/13. Accession Number: 20130131-5003.... Description: Compliance Filing per 1/8/2013 Order in Docket No. ER13-347-000 to be effective 4/1/2013. Filed...

  20. Relationship Power, Sociodemographics, and Their Relative Influence on Sexual Agreements Among Gay Male Couples.

    PubMed

    Perry, Nicholas S; Huebner, David M; Baucom, Brian R; Hoff, Colleen C

    2016-06-01

    Men who have sex with men (MSM) in primary relationships engage in condomless sex both within and outside their relationships and a majority of HIV transmission risk may actually occur within primary relationships. Sexual agreements regarding non-monogamy are a critical component to understanding HIV prevention in male couples. Relationship factors have been associated with how sexual agreements function and power is one dyadic construct likely to affect couple's maintenance of non-monogamy agreements. Multilevel modeling was used in a cross-sectional study of gay male couples (N = 566 couples) to examine associations between partners' demographic characteristics traditionally used to define relationship power, a scale of decision-making power, and outcomes related to sexual agreements, including investment, agreement breaks, and break disclosure. Results indicated that decision-making power relative to one's partner was not associated with any agreement outcome, contrary to hypotheses. However, controlling for decision-making power, demographic bases of power were variably associated with sexual agreements' functioning. Younger partners were less invested in and more frequently broke their agreements. Lower-earning partners broke their agreements more frequently, but also disclosed breaks more often. White men in white-minority relationships broke their agreement more often than their partners. Concordant HIV-positive couples were less invested in their agreements and HIV-positive men disclosed breaks more frequently. HIV prevention efforts for same-sex couples must attend to the social, developmental, and cultural influences that affect their agreements around non-monogamy.

  1. Effect of Pore Topology and Accessibility on Gas Adsorption Capacity in Zeolitic-Imidazolate Frameworks: Bringing Molecular Simulation Close to Experiment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Babarao, Ravichandar; Dai, Sheng; Jiang, Deen

    2011-01-01

    When all cages are assumed to be accessible, popular force fields such as universal force field (UFF) and DREIDING dramatically overpredicted gas adsorption capacity in two widely studied zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), ZIF-68 and -69. Instead of adjusting the force-field parameters to match the experiments, herein we show that when the pore topology and accessibility are correctly taken into account, simulations with the standard force fields agree very well with the experiments. Careful inspection shows that ZIF-68 and -69 have two one-dimensional channels, which are not interaccessible to gases. The small channel consists of alternating small (HPR) and medium (GME) cages,more » while the large channel comprises the large (KNO) cages. Our analysis indicates that the small channel is not accessible to gases such as CO{sub 2}. So when the cages in the small channel are intentionally blocked in our simulation, the predicted adsorption capacities of CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2} at room temperature from standard force-field parameters for the framework show excellent agreement with the experimental results. In the case of H{sub 2}, all cages are accessible, so simulation results without cage-blocking show excellent agreement with experiment. Due to the promising potential of ZIFs in gas storage and separation, our work here shows that pore topology and accessibility should be carefully examined to understand how gases adsorb in ZIFs.« less

  2. 12 CFR 704.16 - Contracts/written agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Contracts/written agreements. 704.16 Section 704.16 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.16 Contracts/written agreements. Services, facilities, personnel, or equipment...

  3. 12 CFR 725.21 - Modification of agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Modification of agreements. 725.21 Section 725.21 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION CENTRAL LIQUIDITY FACILITY § 725.21 Modification of agreements. The...

  4. 48 CFR 217.7103-2 - Period of agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ....7103-2 Section 217.7103-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS Master Agreement for.... (c) Cancellation of a master agreement does not affect the rights and liabilities under any job order...

  5. 48 CFR 217.7103-2 - Period of agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....7103-2 Section 217.7103-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS Master Agreement for.... (c) Cancellation of a master agreement does not affect the rights and liabilities under any job order...

  6. 48 CFR 217.7103-2 - Period of agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ....7103-2 Section 217.7103-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS Master Agreement for.... (c) Cancellation of a master agreement does not affect the rights and liabilities under any job order...

  7. 48 CFR 217.7103-2 - Period of agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....7103-2 Section 217.7103-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS Master Agreement for.... (c) Cancellation of a master agreement does not affect the rights and liabilities under any job order...

  8. 48 CFR 217.7103-2 - Period of agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ....7103-2 Section 217.7103-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS Master Agreement for.... (c) Cancellation of a master agreement does not affect the rights and liabilities under any job order...

  9. The association between EHRs and care coordination varies by team cohesion.

    PubMed

    Graetz, Ilana; Reed, Mary; Shortell, Stephen M; Rundall, Thomas G; Bellows, Jim; Hsu, John

    2014-02-01

    To examine whether primary care team cohesion changes the association between using an integrated outpatient-inpatient electronic health record (EHR) and clinician-rated care coordination across delivery sites. Self-administered surveys of primary care clinicians in a large integrated delivery system, collected in 2005 (N=565), 2006 (N=678), and 2008 (N=626) during the staggered implementation of an integrated EHR (2005-2010), including validated questions on team cohesion. Using multivariable regression, we examined the combined effect of EHR use and team cohesion on three dimensions of care coordination across delivery sites: access to timely and complete information, treatment agreement, and responsibility agreement. Among clinicians working in teams with higher cohesion, EHR use was associated with significant improvements in reported access to timely and complete information (53.5 percent with EHR vs. 37.6 percent without integrated-EHR), agreement on treatment goals (64.3 percent vs. 50.6 percent), and agreement on responsibilities (63.9 percent vs. 55.2 percent, all p<.05). We found no statistically significant association between use of the integrated-EHR and reported care coordination in less cohesive teams. The association between EHR use and reported care coordination varied by level of team cohesion. EHRs may not improve care coordination in less cohesive teams. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  10. Access and benefits sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in northern Canada: understanding the legal environment and creating effective research agreements

    PubMed Central

    Geary, Janis; Jardine, Cynthia G.; Guebert, Jenilee; Bubela, Tania

    2013-01-01

    Background Research in northern Canada focused on Aboriginal peoples has historically benefited academia with little consideration for the people being researched or their traditional knowledge (TK). Although this attitude is changing, the complexity of TK makes it difficult to develop mechanisms to preserve and protect it. Protecting TK becomes even more important when outside groups become interested in using TK or materials with associated TK. In the latter category are genetic resources, which may have commercial value and are the focus of this article. Objective This article addresses access to and use of genetic resources and associated TK in the context of the historical power-imbalances in research relationships in Canadian north. Design Review. Results Research involving genetic resources and TK is becoming increasingly relevant in northern Canada. The legal framework related to genetic resources and the cultural shift of universities towards commercial goals in research influence the environment for negotiating research agreements. Current guidelines for research agreements do not offer appropriate guidelines to achieve mutual benefit, reflect unequal bargaining power or take the relationship between parties into account. Conclusions Relational contract theory may be a useful framework to address the social, cultural and legal hurdles inherent in creating research agreements. PMID:23986896

  11. Access and benefits sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in northern Canada: understanding the legal environment and creating effective research agreements.

    PubMed

    Geary, Janis; Jardine, Cynthia G; Guebert, Jenilee; Bubela, Tania

    2013-01-01

    Research in northern Canada focused on Aboriginal peoples has historically benefited academia with little consideration for the people being researched or their traditional knowledge (TK). Although this attitude is changing, the complexity of TK makes it difficult to develop mechanisms to preserve and protect it. Protecting TK becomes even more important when outside groups become interested in using TK or materials with associated TK. In the latter category are genetic resources, which may have commercial value and are the focus of this article. This article addresses access to and use of genetic resources and associated TK in the context of the historical power-imbalances in research relationships in Canadian north. Review. Research involving genetic resources and TK is becoming increasingly relevant in northern Canada. The legal framework related to genetic resources and the cultural shift of universities towards commercial goals in research influence the environment for negotiating research agreements. Current guidelines for research agreements do not offer appropriate guidelines to achieve mutual benefit, reflect unequal bargaining power or take the relationship between parties into account. Relational contract theory may be a useful framework to address the social, cultural and legal hurdles inherent in creating research agreements.

  12. International trade agreements: hazards to health?

    PubMed

    Shaffer, Ellen R; Brenner, Joseph E

    2004-01-01

    Since the 1980s, neoliberal policies have prescribed reducing the role of governments, relying on market forces to organize and provide health care and other vital human services. In this context, international trade agreements increasingly serve as mechanisms to enforce the privatization, deregulation, and decentralization of health care and other services, with important implications for democracy as well as for health. Critics contend that social austerity and "free" trade agreements contribute to the rise in global poverty and economic inequality and instability, and therefore to increased preventable illness and death. Under new agreements through the World Trade Organization that cover vital human services such as health care, water, education, and energy, unaccountable, secret trade tribunals could overrule decisions by democratically elected officials on public financing for national health care systems, licensing and training standards for health professionals, patient safety and quality regulations, occupational safety and health, control of hazardous substances such as tobacco and alcohol, the environment, and affordable access to safe water and sanitation. International negotiations in 2003 in Cancun and in Miami suggested that countervailing views are developing momentum. A concerned health care community has begun to call for a moratorium on trade negotiations on health care and water, and to reinvigorate an alternative vision of universal access to vital services.

  13. Sub-Saharan Africa Report No. 2807.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-06-08

    USSR Journalists’ Agreement Afghan Revolution Supported GDR Farmers’ Agreement GABON Observers Reportedly Consider Bongo Firmly in...is the position of white workers in South Africa? To what extent have pri- vileges affected their attitudes?" "What is your definition of the...reconversion of huge military expenditure into sound develop- ment programmes to alleviate poverty, illiteracy, disease and hunger which affect millions of

  14. Availability and accessibility of evidence-based information resources provided by medical libraries in Australia.

    PubMed

    Ritchie, A; Sowter, B

    2000-01-01

    This article reports on the results of an exploratory survey of the availability and accessibility of evidence-based information resources provided by medical libraries in Australia. Although barriers impede access to evidence-based information for hospital clinicians, the survey revealed that Medline and Cinahl are available in over 90% of facilities. In most cases they are widely accessible via internal networks and the Internet. The Cochrane Library is available in 69% of cases. The Internet is widely accessible and most libraries provide access to some full-text, electronic journals. Strategies for overcoming restrictions and integrating information resources with clinical workflow are being pursued. State, regional and national public and private consortia are developing agreements utilising on-line technology. These could produce cost savings and more equitable access to a greater range of evidence-based resources.

  15. Intellectual property and access to medicines: an analysis of legislation in Central America.

    PubMed

    Cerón, Alejandro; Godoy, Angelina Snodgrass

    2009-10-01

    Globalization of intellectual property (IP) protection for medicines has been advancing during the past decade. Countries are obliged to adapt their legislation as a requirement of their membership to the World Trade Organization or as a condition of being part of international trade agreements. There is a growing recognition that, in low-income countries, stronger IP protection is a barrier to access to medicines. At the same time, the number of low-income countries writing national legislation to protect IP for pharmaceutical products is growing worldwide, but little research has been done on the ways in which this process is happening at the national level. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the implementation of IP legislation at the national level by providing a comparative analysis of the countries that are part of the United States-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA). The analysis shows three trends. First, countries have often implemented stronger IP protection than required by trade agreements. Second, some countries have adopted IP protection before signing the trade agreements. Third, the process of ratification of DR-CAFTA increased public debate around these issues, which in some cases led to IP legislation that considers public health needs. These trends suggest that industrialized countries and the pharmaceutical industry are using more tactics than just trade agreements to push for increased IP protection and that the process of national legislation is a valid arena for confronting public health needs to those of the industry.

  16. Electric utility franchise guide

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Through franchise agreements, municipalities grant energy providers the use of public easements for the transmission of electricity and natural gas from power sources to consumers. Generally, access to the public rights-of-way is generated in exchange for the payment to the City of a percentage of the gross revenues of the utility. This Guide presents a Model Electric Utility Franchise Agreement, structured by the city of Houston, to address cost-saving and revenue-enhancing issues that should be considered by any municipality in both the day-to-day administration of existing franchises, and at the time of franchise renewal and renegotiation. In addition to themore » model agreement this Guide includes Explanatory Comments that provide the basis and rationale for certain sections of the agreement as well as a Summary of Major Elements of franchise agreements in over sixty US municipalities.« less

  17. Retirement and health benefits for Mexican migrant workers returning from the United States

    PubMed Central

    Aguila, Emma; Zissimopoulos, Julie

    2013-01-01

    In the absence of a bilateral agreement for the portability and totalization of social security contributions between the United States and Mexico, this article examines the access to pension and health insurance benefits and employment status of older Mexican return migrants. We find that return migrants who have spent less than a year in the United States have a similar level of access to social security benefits as non-migrants. Return migrants who have spent at least a year in the United States are less likely to have public health insurance or social security benefits, and could be more vulnerable to poverty in old age. These results inform the debate on a bilateral social security agreement between the United States and Mexico to improve return migrants’ social security. PMID:23750049

  18. 46 CFR 535.304 - Agency agreements-exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Agency agreements-exemption. 535.304 Section 535.304 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE OCEAN COMMON CARRIER AND MARINE TERMINAL OPERATOR AGREEMENTS SUBJECT TO THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984 Exemptions § 535.304...

  19. Public Television Channels in New York City: The First Six Months.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Calhoun, Richard

    The end results of the first six months of public access cable television (CATV) channels in New York City were in some ways disappointing. Franchise agreements for each of New York's two CATV systems called for two public-access channels to be in operation by July 1, 1971, one year after the date of the franchise awards. The channels were to be…

  20. "Get Real--We Can't Afford Kindergarten": A Study of Parental Perceptions of Early Years Services

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garvis, Susanne; Pendergast, Donna; Kanasa, Harry

    2012-01-01

    The Australian Early Childhood Universal Access Agreement stipulates all children three and a half years of age and older access to 15 hours of a quality early childhood education programme. While most states and territories in Australia have a 90% or higher attendance rate, in 2010, in Queensland the attendance rate was a comparative 40%. This…

  1. Untangling the Impacts of Climate Change on Waterborne Diseases: a Systematic Review of Relationships between Diarrheal Diseases and Temperature, Rainfall, Flooding, and Drought.

    PubMed

    Levy, Karen; Woster, Andrew P; Goldstein, Rebecca S; Carlton, Elizabeth J

    2016-05-17

    Global climate change is expected to affect waterborne enteric diseases, yet to date there has been no comprehensive, systematic review of the epidemiological literature examining the relationship between meteorological conditions and diarrheal diseases. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Collection for studies describing the relationship between diarrheal diseases and four meteorological conditions that are expected to increase with climate change: ambient temperature, heavy rainfall, drought, and flooding. We synthesized key areas of agreement and evaluated the biological plausibility of these findings, drawing from a diverse, multidisciplinary evidence base. We identified 141 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Key areas of agreement include a positive association between ambient temperature and diarrheal diseases, with the exception of viral diarrhea and an increase in diarrheal disease following heavy rainfall and flooding events. Insufficient evidence was available to evaluate the effects of drought on diarrhea. There is evidence to support the biological plausibility of these associations, but publication bias is an ongoing concern. Future research evaluating whether interventions, such as improved water and sanitation access, modify risk would further our understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on diarrheal diseases and aid in the prioritization of adaptation measures.

  2. Quantified Trust Levels for Authentication

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, Ivonne; Menzel, Michael; Meinel, Christoph

    Service-oriented Architectures (SOAs) facilitate applications to integrate seamlessly services from collaborating business partners regardless of organizational borders. In order to secure access to these services, mechanisms for authentication and authorisation must be deployed that control the access based on identity-related information. To enable a business partners’ users to access the provided services, an identity federation is often established that enables the brokering of identity information across organisational borders. The establishment of such a federation requires complex agreements and contracts that define common policies, obligations and procedures. Generally, this includes obligations on the authentication process as well.

  3. Security Enhanced Anonymous Multiserver Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme Using Smart Cards and Biometrics

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Younsung; Nam, Junghyun; Lee, Donghoon; Kim, Jiye; Jung, Jaewook; Won, Dongho

    2014-01-01

    An anonymous user authentication scheme allows a user, who wants to access a remote application server, to achieve mutual authentication and session key establishment with the server in an anonymous manner. To enhance the security of such authentication schemes, recent researches combined user's biometrics with a password. However, these authentication schemes are designed for single server environment. So when a user wants to access different application servers, the user has to register many times. To solve this problem, Chuang and Chen proposed an anonymous multiserver authenticated key agreement scheme using smart cards together with passwords and biometrics. Chuang and Chen claimed that their scheme not only supports multiple servers but also achieves various security requirements. However, we show that this scheme is vulnerable to a masquerade attack, a smart card attack, a user impersonation attack, and a DoS attack and does not achieve perfect forward secrecy. We also propose a security enhanced anonymous multiserver authenticated key agreement scheme which addresses all the weaknesses identified in Chuang and Chen's scheme. PMID:25276847

  4. Factors affecting access to healthcare services by intermarried Filipino women in rural Tasmania: a qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Hannah, Chona T; Lê, Quynh

    2012-10-01

    Access to health care services is vital for every migrant's health and wellbeing. However, migrants' cultural health beliefs and views can hinder their ability to access available services. This study examined factors affecting access to healthcare services for intermarried Filipino women in rural Tasmania, Australia. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was employed to investigate the factors affecting access to healthcare services for 30 intermarried Filipino women in rural Tasmania. The study used grounded theory and thematic analysis for its data analysis. Nvivo v8 (www.qsrinternational.com) was also used to assist the data coding process and analysis. Five influencing factors were identified: (1) language or communication barriers; (2) area of origin in the Philippines; (3) cultural barriers; (4) length of stay in Tasmania; and (5) expectations of healthcare services before and after migration. Factors affecting intermarried Filipino women in accessing healthcare services are shaped by their socio-demographic and cultural background. The insights gained from this study are useful to health policy-makers, healthcare professionals and to intermarried female migrants. The factors identified can serve as a guide to improve healthcare access for Filipino women and other migrants.

  5. 29 CFR 32.17 - Labor unions and recruiting and training agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Training Participation § 32.17 Labor unions and recruiting and training agencies. (a) The performance of a... revision in a collective bargaining agreement(s). The policy of the Department of Labor is to use its best... collective bargaining agreement or otherwise significantly affects a substantial number of employees...

  6. Number Meaning and Number Grammar in English and Spanish

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bock, Kathryn; Carreiras, Manuel; Meseguer, Enrique

    2012-01-01

    Grammatical agreement makes different demands on speakers of different languages. Being widespread in the languages of the world, the features of agreement systems offer valuable tests of how language affects deep-seated domains of human cognition and categorization. Number agreement is one such domain, with intriguing evidence that typological…

  7. New method to evaluate the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction near threshold

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Herrera, María S.; Moreno, Gustavo A.; Kreiner, Andrés J.

    2015-04-01

    In this work a complete description of the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction near threshold is given using center-of-mass and relative coordinates. It is shown that this standard approach, not used before in this context, leads to a simple mathematical representation which gives easy access to all relevant quantities in the reaction and allows a precise numerical implementation. It also allows in a simple way to include proton beam-energy spread affects. The method, implemented as a C++ code, was validated both with numerical and experimental data finding a good agreement. This tool is also used here to analyze scattered published measurements such as (p, n) cross sections, differential and total neutron yields for thick targets. Using these data we derive a consistent set of parameters to evaluate neutron production near threshold. Sensitivity of the results to data uncertainty and the possibility of incorporating new measurements are also discussed.

  8. Trustworthy information sharing for biosecurity incident management - The AU2EU project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zic, John

    2013-10-01

    Managing sensitive information between partners collaborating to address an exotic disease outbreak is crucial in preserving the medical, economic and social well-being of the affected population (whether it is human, animal or plant). Further, the ability to respond quickly to the outbreak by providing real-time, interactive access to shared (collaborative) information will minimise the impact of an outbreak. The sharing of information must be done carefully, with agreement between the partners and enforced by specific protocols. This paper presents an overview of a new joint project between EU partners and AU partners, total value of around €8.64 million, which is examining the issue of authentication and authorisation required to ensure that collaborative information in such situations is kept within the control of the collaborating partners and that accidental (or deliberate) release to unauthorised partners can be mitigated.

  9. Miscellaneous agreements between the U.S. Department of Energy and Federal, State, and local agencies.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meincke, Carol L.

    This document identifies and provides access to source documentation for the Site- Wide Environmental Impact Statement for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico. Specifically, it lists agreements between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), DOE/NNSA/Sandia Site Office (SSO), Sandia Corporation, and local and state government agencies, Department of Defense, Kirtland Air Force Base, and other federal agencies.

  10. The Sources Of Protracted Conflict In The Western Sahara

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-03-01

    potentially derail U.S. stability efforts in the region). A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION The research asks, what are the factors or dynamics that have stalled ...one billion dollars annually.31U.S. investments in Morocco have nearly doubled since the enforcement of the U.S.–Moroccan free -trade agreement (the...only American free trade agreement in Africa), which provides U.S. investors with unparalleled access to African markets.32 The Western Sahara

  11. 76 FR 21721 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-18

    ... Edison Company. Description: Cancellation of letter agreement with First Solar for 150 MW Desert Sunlight PV 1 Project by Southern California Edison Company. Filed Date: 04/05/2011. Accession Number...

  12. 14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

  13. 14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

  14. 14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

  15. 14 CFR 1260.6 - Publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

  16. Intramodality and intermodality agreement in radiography and computed tomography of equine distal limb fractures.

    PubMed

    Crijns, C P; Martens, A; Bergman, H-J; van der Veen, H; Duchateau, L; van Bree, H J J; Gielen, I M V L

    2014-01-01

    Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly accessible in equine referral hospitals. To document the level of agreement within and between radiography and CT in characterising equine distal limb fractures. Retrospective descriptive study. Images from horses that underwent radiographic and CT evaluation for suspected distal limb fractures were reviewed, including 27 horses and 3 negative controls. Using Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa analysis, the level of agreement among 4 observers for a predefined set of diagnostic characteristics for radiography and CT separately and for the level of agreement between the 2 imaging modalities were documented. Both CT and radiography had very good intramodality agreement in identifying fractures, but intermodality agreement was lower. There was good intermodality and intramodality agreement for anatomical localisation and the identification of fracture displacement. Agreement for articular involvement, fracture comminution and fracture fragment number was towards the lower limit of good agreement. There was poor to fair intermodality agreement regarding fracture orientation, fracture width and coalescing cracks; intramodality agreement was higher for CT than for radiography for these features. Further studies, including comparisons with surgical and/or post mortem findings, are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CT and radiography in the diagnosis and characterisation of equine distal limb fractures. © 2013 EVJ Ltd.

  17. 76 FR 67163 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-31

    ... Massachusetts Electric Company submits tariff filing per 35.12: Pioneer Valley Design & Preliminary Engineering Agreement for Switchyard Layout to be effective 10/20/2011. Filed Date: 10/19/2011. Accession Number...

  18. 44 CFR 208.26 - Accountability for use of funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... accountable for the use of funds as provided under the Preparedness Cooperative Agreement, including financial reporting and retention and access requirements according to 44 CFR 13.41 and 13.42. ...

  19. [Conception and Content Validation of a Questionnaire Relating to the Potential Need for Information of Visually Impaired Persons with Regard to Services and Contact Persons].

    PubMed

    Hahn, U; Hechler, T; Witt, U; Krummenauer, F

    2015-12-01

    A questionnaire was drafted to identify the needs of visually impaired persons and to optimize their access to non-medical support and services. Subjects had to rate a list of 15 everyday activities that are typically affected by visual impairment (for example, being able to orient themselves in the home environment), by indicating the degree to which they perceive each activity to be affected, using a four-stage scale. They had to evaluate these aspects by means of a relevance assessment. The needs profile derived from this is then correlated with individualized information for assistance and support. The questionnaire shall be made available for use by subjects through advisers in some ophthalmic practices and via the internet. The validity of the content of the proposed tool was evaluated on the basis of a survey of 59 experts in the fields of medical, optical and psychological care and of persons involved in training initiatives. The experts were asked to rate the activities by relevance and clarity of the wording and to propose methods to further develop and optimize the content. The validity of the content was quantified according to a process adopted in the literature, based on the parameters Interrater Agreement (IRA) and Content Validity Index (CVI). The results of all responses (n = 19) and the sub-group analysis suggest that the questionnaire adequately reflects the potential needs profile of visually impaired persons. Overall, there was at least 80% agreement among the 19 experts for 93% of the proposed parameterisation of the activities relating to the relevance and clarity of the wording. Individual proposals for optimization of the design of the questionnaire were adopted. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  20. Affective Support for Intellectual Access: Preventing Accidents on the On-Ramp.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Havener, W. Michael; Latrobe, Kathy

    1995-01-01

    Discussion of how students can successfully enter the information highway focuses on the role of the school media specialist. Topics include information-seeking behavior; missions and goals of library media programs; affective access, including interpersonal communication, physical and affective ergonomics, and social interaction; and global…

  1. European Union’s Public Fishing Access Agreements in Developing Countries

    PubMed Central

    Le Manach, Frédéric; Chaboud, Christian; Copeland, Duncan; Cury, Philippe; Gascuel, Didier; Kleisner, Kristin M.; Standing, André; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Zeller, Dirk; Pauly, Daniel

    2013-01-01

    The imperative to increase seafood supply while dealing with its overfished local stocks has pushed the European Union (EU) and its Member States to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zones of other countries through various types of fishing agreements for decades. Although European public fishing agreements are commented on regularly and considered to be transparent, this is the first global and historical study on the fee regime that governs them. We find that the EU has subsidized these agreements at an average of 75% of their cost (financial contribution agreed upon in the agreements), while private European business interests paid the equivalent of 1.5% of the value of the fish that was eventually landed. This raises questions of fisheries benefit-sharing and resource-use equity that the EU has the potential to address during the nearly completed reform of its Common Fisheries Policy. PMID:24312191

  2. European Union's public fishing access agreements in developing countries.

    PubMed

    Le Manach, Frédéric; Chaboud, Christian; Copeland, Duncan; Cury, Philippe; Gascuel, Didier; Kleisner, Kristin M; Standing, André; Sumaila, U Rashid; Zeller, Dirk; Pauly, Daniel

    2013-01-01

    The imperative to increase seafood supply while dealing with its overfished local stocks has pushed the European Union (EU) and its Member States to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zones of other countries through various types of fishing agreements for decades. Although European public fishing agreements are commented on regularly and considered to be transparent, this is the first global and historical study on the fee regime that governs them. We find that the EU has subsidized these agreements at an average of 75% of their cost (financial contribution agreed upon in the agreements), while private European business interests paid the equivalent of 1.5% of the value of the fish that was eventually landed. This raises questions of fisheries benefit-sharing and resource-use equity that the EU has the potential to address during the nearly completed reform of its Common Fisheries Policy.

  3. Efficient biometric authenticated key agreements based on extended chaotic maps for telecare medicine information systems.

    PubMed

    Lou, Der-Chyuan; Lee, Tian-Fu; Lin, Tsung-Hung

    2015-05-01

    Authenticated key agreements for telecare medicine information systems provide patients, doctors, nurses and health visitors with accessing medical information systems and getting remote services efficiently and conveniently through an open network. In order to have higher security, many authenticated key agreement schemes appended biometric keys to realize identification except for using passwords and smartcards. Due to too many transmissions and computational costs, these authenticated key agreement schemes are inefficient in communication and computation. This investigation develops two secure and efficient authenticated key agreement schemes for telecare medicine information systems by using biometric key and extended chaotic maps. One scheme is synchronization-based, while the other nonce-based. Compared to related approaches, the proposed schemes not only retain the same security properties with previous schemes, but also provide users with privacy protection and have fewer transmissions and lower computational cost.

  4. 46 CFR 390.7 - Deposits into the fund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specified in Article 5(c) of this agreement attributable to the operation of agreement vessels, net proceeds... deposits will adversely affect its ability to operate its agreement vessels. In the event of a waiver, the... investment or management of the fund. (i) Federal ship mortgage guarantee or insurance. A fund may serve in...

  5. Has the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean produced intellectual property legislation that favours public health?

    PubMed

    Oliveira, Maria Auxiliadora; Bermudez, Jorge Antonio Zepeda; Chaves, Gabriela Costa; Velásquez, Germán

    2004-11-01

    The World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement establishes minimum standards for intellectual property rights, including patent protection for pharmaceuticals; therefore, it may make it difficult for developing countries to gain access to medicines, especially those countries that are the least developed. This study aims to determine whether implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in Latin American and Caribbean countries has generated patent legislation that is sensitive to public health needs. Legislation in 11 Latin American and Caribbean countries was analysed. The variables considered in the analysis were: the term of patents issued, patentable subject matter, transition periods (that is, time until legislation was enacted), reversal of the burden of proof of patent infringement, exhaustion of rights, compulsory licensing and the early working exception (which allows a country to complete all procedures necessary to register a generic product before the original patent expires). By 2000, all of the countries studied had reformed their legislation to conform to the agreement. Brazil and Argentina used the transition period until 2005 to grant patents in the pharmaceutical industry. All countries, except Panama, made use of the safeguards and flexibilities available through the agreement by including mechanisms for compulsory licensing in their legislation. Argentina; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (countries that represented the Andean community); the Dominican Republic; and Panama included mechanisms to allow parallel importation. Mexico did not. Brazil only permits parallel importation after a compulsory licence has been issued. The early working exception is included in legislation in Brazil and the Dominican Republic. The countries in this study did not incorporate all of the mechanisms allowed for by the Agreement and are not adequately using the provisions that enable World Trade Organization (WTO) members to obtain better health for the public, particularly in regard to gaining access to medicines. This situation may deteriorate in future if other agreements establish more restrictive rules for intellectual property rights.

  6. 77 FR 42716 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-20

    ... San Bernardino Fuel Cell Proj to be effective 7/12/2012. Filed Date: 7/11/12. Accession Number.... Applicants: NV Energy, Inc. Description: Service Agreement No. 10-01250 Amended and Restated Tonopah Solar...

  7. 14 CFR § 1260.6 - Publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... § 1260.6 Publication. The official site for accessing the NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook, including current Grant Notices, is on the internet at: http://ec.msfc.nasa.gov/hq/grcover.htm ...

  8. International Charter of principles for sharing bio-specimens and data.

    PubMed

    Mascalzoni, Deborah; Dove, Edward S; Rubinstein, Yaffa; Dawkins, Hugh J S; Kole, Anna; McCormack, Pauline; Woods, Simon; Riess, Olaf; Schaefer, Franz; Lochmüller, Hanns; Knoppers, Bartha M; Hansson, Mats

    2015-06-01

    There is a growing international agreement on the need to provide greater access to research data and bio-specimen collections to optimize their long-term value and exploit their potential for health discovery and validation. This is especially evident for rare disease research. Currently, the rising value of data and bio-specimen collections does not correspond with an equal increase in data/sample-sharing and data/sample access. Contradictory legal and ethical frameworks across national borders are obstacles to effective sharing: more specifically, the absence of an integrated model proves to be a major logistical obstruction. The Charter intends to amend the obstacle by providing both the ethical foundations on which data sharing should be based, as well as a general Material and Data Transfer Agreement (MTA/DTA). This Charter is the result of a careful negotiation of different stakeholders' interest and is built on earlier consensus documents and position statements, which provided the general international legal framework. Further to this, the Charter provides tools that may help accelerate sharing. The Charter has been formulated to serve as an enabling tool for effective and transparent data and bio-specimen sharing and the general MTA/DTA constitutes a mechanism to ensure uniformity of access across projects and countries, and may be regarded as a consistent basic agreement for addressing data and material sharing globally. The Charter is forward looking in terms of emerging issues from the perspective of a multi-stakeholder group, and where possible, provides strategies that may address these issues.

  9. Protecting intellectual property associated with Canadian academic clinical trials--approaches and impact.

    PubMed

    Ross, Sue; Magee, Laura; Walker, Mark; Wood, Stephen

    2012-12-27

    Intellectual property is associated with the creative work needed to design clinical trials. Two approaches have developed to protect the intellectual property associated with multicentre trial protocols prior to site initiation. The 'open access' approach involves publishing the protocol, permitting easy access to the complete protocol. The main advantages of the open access approach are that the protocol is freely available to all stakeholders, permitting them to discuss the protocol widely with colleagues, assess the quality and rigour of the protocol, determine the feasibility of conducting the trial at their centre, and after trial completion, to evaluate the reported findings based on a full understanding of the protocol. The main potential disadvantage of this approach is the potential for plagiarism; however if that occurred, it should be easy to identify because of the open access to the original trial protocol, as well as ensure that appropriate sanctions are used to deal with plagiarism. The 'restricted access' approach involves the use of non-disclosure agreements, legal documents that must be signed between the trial lead centre and collaborative sites. Potential sites must guarantee they will not disclose any details of the study before they are permitted to access the protocol. The main advantages of the restricted access approach are for the lead institution and nominated principal investigator, who protect their intellectual property associated with the trial. The main disadvantages are that ownership of the protocol and intellectual property is assigned to the lead institution; defining who 'needs to know' about the study protocol is difficult; and the use of non-disclosure agreements involves review by lawyers and institutional representatives at each site before access is permitted to the protocol, significantly delaying study implementation and adding substantial indirect costs to research institutes. This extra step may discourage sites from joining a trial. It is possible that the restricted access approach may contribute to the failure of well-designed trials without any significant benefit in protecting intellectual property. Funding agencies should formalize rules around open versus restricted access to the study protocol just as they have around open access to results.

  10. Managed Entry Agreements for Pharmaceuticals in the Context of Adaptive Pathways in Europe.

    PubMed

    Bouvy, Jacoline C; Sapede, Claudine; Garner, Sarah

    2018-01-01

    As per the EMA definition, adaptive pathways is a scientific concept for the development of medicines which seeks to facilitate patient access to promising medicines addressing high unmet need through a prospectively planned approach in a sustainable way. This review reports the findings of activities undertaken by the ADAPT-SMART consortium to identify enablers and explore the suitability of managed entry agreements for adaptive pathways products in Europe. We found that during 2006-2016 outcomes-based managed entry agreements were not commonly used for products with a conditional marketing authorization or authorized under exceptional circumstances. The barriers and enablers to develop workable managed entry agreements models for adaptive pathways products were discussed through interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop with a number of recommendations made in this paper.

  11. Parent and teen agreement on driving expectations prior to teen licensure.

    PubMed

    Hamann, Cara J; Ramirez, Marizen; Yang, Jingzhen; Chande, Vidya; Peek-Asa, Corinne

    2014-01-01

    To examine pre-licensure agreement on driving expectations and predictors of teen driving expectations among parent-teen dyads. Cross-sectional survey of 163 parent-teen dyads. Descriptive statistics, weighted Kappa coefficients, and linear regression were used to examine expectations about post-licensure teen driving. Teens reported high pre-licensure unsupervised driving (N = 79, 48.5%) and regular access to a car (N = 130, 81.8%). Parents and teens had low agreement on teen driving expectations (eg, after dark, κw = 0.23). Each time teens currently drove to/from school, their expectation of driving in risky conditions post-licensure increased (β = 0.21, p = .02). Pre-licensure improvement of parent-teen agreement on driving expectations are needed to have the greatest impact on preventing teens from driving in high risk conditions.

  12. 32 CFR 37.695 - What are the requirements for Federally owned property?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems Property § 37.695 What are the requirements for...

  13. Democratic discussion in newspaper reporting of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement.

    PubMed

    Sykes, Robbie

    2008-10-01

    This article presents a Habermasian analysis of newspaper reporting of the debate surrounding the effect of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (the FTA) on access to medicines through Australian patent law. Habermas's concept of the public sphere is utilised in determining whether discussion within the print media adequately conveyed complex legal issues to the public and facilitated democratic discussion. It was found that newspaper reporting generally failed to meet this standard.

  14. U.S. Accession to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-13

    political or moral weight for TAC parties.60 More broadly, while the agreement establishes guidelines for parties in their relations with one another, it...commitments” to foreign States. Although these commitments are non-legal, they may nonetheless carry significant moral and political weight. The ...38 U.S. Const., art II, § 2; art. VI, § 2. 39 There are three types of prima facie legal executive agreements: (1) congressional-executive

  15. Intellectual property and access to medicines: an analysis of legislation in Central America

    PubMed Central

    Cerón, Alejandro

    2009-01-01

    Abstract Globalization of intellectual property (IP) protection for medicines has been advancing during the past decade. Countries are obliged to adapt their legislation as a requirement of their membership to the World Trade Organization or as a condition of being part of international trade agreements. There is a growing recognition that, in low-income countries, stronger IP protection is a barrier to access to medicines. At the same time, the number of low-income countries writing national legislation to protect IP for pharmaceutical products is growing worldwide, but little research has been done on the ways in which this process is happening at the national level. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the implementation of IP legislation at the national level by providing a comparative analysis of the countries that are part of the United States–Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA). The analysis shows three trends. First, countries have often implemented stronger IP protection than required by trade agreements. Second, some countries have adopted IP protection before signing the trade agreements. Third, the process of ratification of DR-CAFTA increased public debate around these issues, which in some cases led to IP legislation that considers public health needs. These trends suggest that industrialized countries and the pharmaceutical industry are using more tactics than just trade agreements to push for increased IP protection and that the process of national legislation is a valid arena for confronting public health needs to those of the industry. PMID:19876546

  16. 32 CFR 37.665 - Must I require nonprofit participants to have periodic audits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems Financial Matters § 37.665 Must I require nonprofit...

  17. 36 CFR 1275.42 - Processing period; notice of proposed opening.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... HISTORICAL MATERIALS OF THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION Access by the Public § 1275.42 Processing period; notice of... Settlement Agreement. In addition, NARA will identify and return any additional private or personal segments...

  18. 44 CFR 332.5 - Public access to records and meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 708 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION... to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy. This section shall be...

  19. 44 CFR 332.5 - Public access to records and meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 708 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION... to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy. This section shall be...

  20. 44 CFR 332.5 - Public access to records and meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 708 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION... to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy. This section shall be...

  1. 44 CFR 332.5 - Public access to records and meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 708 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION... to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy. This section shall be...

  2. 44 CFR 332.5 - Public access to records and meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 708 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION... to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy. This section shall be...

  3. 76 FR 35880 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-20

    ... Hemingway Point to Point Agreements to be effective 6/1/ 2011. Filed Date: 06/13/2011. Accession Number.... Applicants: PacifiCorp. Description: PacifiCorp submits tariff filing per 35.15: Idaho Power Hemingway Point...

  4. NAFTA: A Partial Solution Not a Savior to Mexico’s Economic Woes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-10-28

    Mexico .” Economia Mexicana. 15 January 2004. http://www.economiamexicana.cide.edu/num_anteriores/XIV-2/LILIANA_MEZA.pdf (accessed: 28 October 2011... Mexico .” Economia Mexicana. 15 January 2004. http://www.economiamexicana.cide.edu/num_anteriores/XIV-2/LILIANA_MEZA.pdf (accessed: 28 October 2011...Trade Agreement, NAFTA, Mexico Economy, Trade Liberalization 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a

  5. Mother-Child Agreement on the Child's Past Food Exposure

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thongudomporn, Udom; Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Geater, Alan F.

    2010-01-01

    Objective: To assess mother-child agreement on the child's past food exposure, and factors affecting response discrepancy. Methods: Twelve- to 14-year-old children and their mothers (n = 78) in an urban community, a rural community, and 2 orthodontic clinics completed a 69-item food questionnaire to determine mother-child level of agreement on the…

  6. Subliminal Emotional Words Impact Syntactic Processing: Evidence from Performance and Event-Related Brain Potentials.

    PubMed

    Jiménez-Ortega, Laura; Espuny, Javier; de Tejada, Pilar Herreros; Vargas-Rivero, Carolina; Martín-Loeches, Manuel

    2017-01-01

    Recent studies demonstrate that syntactic processing can be affected by emotional information and that subliminal emotional information can also affect cognitive processes. In this study, we explore whether unconscious emotional information may also impact syntactic processing. In an Event-Related brain Potential (ERP) study, positive, neutral and negative subliminal adjectives were inserted within neutral sentences, just before the presentation of the supraliminal adjective. They could either be correct (50%) or contain a morphosyntactic violation (number or gender disagreements). Larger error rates were observed for incorrect sentences than for correct ones, in contrast to most studies using supraliminal information. Strikingly, emotional adjectives affected the conscious syntactic processing of sentences containing morphosyntactic anomalies. The neutral condition elicited left anterior negativity (LAN) followed by a P600 component. However, a lack of anterior negativity and an early P600 onset for the negative condition were found, probably as a result of the negative subliminal correct adjective capturing early syntactic resources. Positive masked adjectives in turn prompted an N400 component in response to morphosyntactic violations, probably reflecting the induction of a heuristic processing mode involving access to lexico-semantic information to solve agreement anomalies. Our results add to recent evidence on the impact of emotional information on syntactic processing, while showing that this can occur even when the reader is unaware of the emotional stimuli.

  7. Subliminal Emotional Words Impact Syntactic Processing: Evidence from Performance and Event-Related Brain Potentials

    PubMed Central

    Jiménez-Ortega, Laura; Espuny, Javier; de Tejada, Pilar Herreros; Vargas-Rivero, Carolina; Martín-Loeches, Manuel

    2017-01-01

    Recent studies demonstrate that syntactic processing can be affected by emotional information and that subliminal emotional information can also affect cognitive processes. In this study, we explore whether unconscious emotional information may also impact syntactic processing. In an Event-Related brain Potential (ERP) study, positive, neutral and negative subliminal adjectives were inserted within neutral sentences, just before the presentation of the supraliminal adjective. They could either be correct (50%) or contain a morphosyntactic violation (number or gender disagreements). Larger error rates were observed for incorrect sentences than for correct ones, in contrast to most studies using supraliminal information. Strikingly, emotional adjectives affected the conscious syntactic processing of sentences containing morphosyntactic anomalies. The neutral condition elicited left anterior negativity (LAN) followed by a P600 component. However, a lack of anterior negativity and an early P600 onset for the negative condition were found, probably as a result of the negative subliminal correct adjective capturing early syntactic resources. Positive masked adjectives in turn prompted an N400 component in response to morphosyntactic violations, probably reflecting the induction of a heuristic processing mode involving access to lexico-semantic information to solve agreement anomalies. Our results add to recent evidence on the impact of emotional information on syntactic processing, while showing that this can occur even when the reader is unaware of the emotional stimuli. PMID:28487640

  8. 32 CFR 37.670 - Must I require participants to flow down audit requirements to subrecipients?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems Financial Matters § 37.670 Must I...

  9. 32 CFR 37.710 - What standards do I include for purchasing systems of nonprofit organizations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems Purchasing § 37.710 What...

  10. Effects of Affordable Care Act Marketplaces and Medicaid Eligibility Expansion on Access to Cancer Care.

    PubMed

    Graves, John A; Swartz, Katherine

    The aim of this study was to inform oncologists about how repealing the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may affect their ability to provide cancer therapies for people with cancer enrolled in ACA health plans and why proposals to change Medicaid funding may make it even more difficult for Medicaid beneficiaries to access cancer treatments. We examined the regulations and provisions of the ACA related to how health insurance impacts access to diagnostic testing and treatments for people with cancer, including access to clinical trials. Similarly, we examined federal and state rules affecting Medicaid beneficiaries' access to cancer treatments. Repealing various provisions of the ACA will restrict who has access to both current and new cancer treatments. Such changes also will impact oncology research that depends on having heterogeneous people in clinical trials. Significant changes to the ACA will affect oncology treatment choices of everyone with health insurance-not only the 10 million people newly covered by ACA health plans and the 70 million people with Medicaid coverage.

  11. Effects of Affordable Care Act Marketplaces and Medicaid Eligibility Expansion on Access to Cancer Care

    PubMed Central

    Graves, John A.; Swartz, Katherine

    2017-01-01

    Purpose To inform oncologists about how repealing the ACA may affect their ability to provide cancer therapies for people with cancer enrolled in ACA health plans, and why proposals to change Medicaid funding may make it even more difficult for Medicaid beneficiaries to access cancer treatments. Methods We examined the regulations and provisions of the ACA related to how health insurance impacts access to diagnostic testing and treatments for people with cancer, including access to clinical trials. Similarly, we examined federal and state rules affecting Medicaid beneficiaries’ access to cancer treatments. Results Repealing various provisions of the ACA will restrict who has access to both current and new cancer treatments. Such changes also will impact oncology research that depends on having heterogeneous people in clinical trials. Discussion Significant changes to the ACA will affect oncology treatment choices of everyone with health insurance – not just the 10 million people newly covered by ACA health plans and the 70 million people with Medicaid coverage. PMID:28537962

  12. 38 CFR 1.552 - Public access to information that affects the public when not published in the Federal Register...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... information that affects the public when not published in the Federal Register as constructive notice. 1.552... Public access to information that affects the public when not published in the Federal Register as... Affairs but not published in the Federal Register, and administrative manuals and staff instructions that...

  13. Implications of international law for the treatment of cancer: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the TRIPS Agreement.

    PubMed

    Liberman, J

    2011-12-01

    The development, manufacture, trade and distribution of medicines all take place within a web of international legal obligations that states have accepted under a range of multilateral, plurilateral and bilateral agreements. International law can operate either to facilitate or hinder access, depending on how it is developed and implemented. This article examines two areas of international law that are relevant to cancer treatment: the international drug control system, which regulates opioid analgesics; and the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Agreement. This article outlines recent developments in relation to both, including in the activities of the Vienna-based agencies that collectively oversee the implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and in the negotiation of the recent United Nations General Assembly Political Declaration on Non-communicable Diseases. While underlining the importance of law, this article notes that battles over law should not distract from the importance of other essential efforts to enhance access to medicines within the context of the strengthening of health systems. Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Russia ties HEU sale to suspension agreement

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-11-01

    Unless the US government allows the Russians access to the US uranium fuel market, the successful completion of a high-enriched uranium (HEU) sales agreement between the two governments may be in jeopardy. It had been rumored that the Russians, who have been unhappy about the stiff tariffs imposed on former Soviet uranium in the US market, might use the ongoing HEU negotiations with the White House to ease the antidumping tariffs imposed by the Department of Commerce's International Trade Commission.

  15. Life-history and habitat features influence the within-river genetic structure of Atlantic salmon.

    PubMed

    Vähä, Juha-Pekka; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Niemelä, Eero; Primmer, Craig R

    2007-07-01

    Defining populations and identifying ecological and life-history characteristics affecting genetic structure is important for understanding species biology and hence, for managing threatened or endangered species or populations. In this study, populations of the world's largest indigenous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stock were first inferred using model-based clustering methods, following which life-history and habitat variables best predicting the genetic diversity of populations were identified. This study revealed that natal homing of Atlantic salmon within the Teno River system is accurate at least to the tributary level. Generally, defining populations by main tributaries was observed to be a reasonable approach in this large river system, whereas in the mainstem of the river, the number of inferred populations was fewer than the number of distinct sampling sites. Mainstem and headwater populations were genetically more diverse and less diverged, while each tributary fostered a distinct population with high genetic differentiation and lower genetic diversity. Population structure and variation in genetic diversity among populations were poorly explained by geographical distance. In contrast, age-structure, as estimated by the proportion of multisea-winter spawners, was the most predictive variable in explaining the variation in the genetic diversity of the populations. This observation, being in agreement with theoretical predictions, emphasizes the essence of large multisea-winter females in maintaining the genetic diversity of populations. In addition, the unique genetic diversity of populations, as estimated by private allele richness, was affected by the ease of accessibility of a site, with more difficult to access sites having lower unique genetic diversity. Our results show that despite this species' high capacity for migration, tributaries foster relatively closed populations with little gene flow which will be important to consider when developing management strategies for the system.

  16. 42 CFR 441.555 - Support system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... accessing services, supports, and resources. (xi) Development of risk management agreements. (A) The State... Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... attendant providers, available service delivery models and if applicable, financial management entities...

  17. 42 CFR 441.555 - Support system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... accessing services, supports, and resources. (xi) Development of risk management agreements. (A) The State... Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... attendant providers, available service delivery models and if applicable, financial management entities...

  18. 42 CFR 441.555 - Support system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... accessing services, supports, and resources. (xi) Development of risk management agreements. (A) The State... Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... attendant providers, available service delivery models and if applicable, financial management entities...

  19. Healthcare organizational change: implications for access to care and its measurement.

    PubMed Central

    Miller, R. H.

    1998-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: To summarize evidence from peer-reviewed literature on access to care for vulnerable HMO enrollee populations; to discuss the potential effect of recent HMO and physician organization changes on access to care and its measurement. STUDY DESIGN: Review and summary of peer-reviewed literature for two HMO populations: those with chronic conditions and diseases, and those subject to discrimination due to income, color, or ethnic background. I also reviewed and summarized literature on three major changes in capitated organizations (HMOs and capitated physician organizations) that could affect access to care for vulnerable populations, and summarized findings from healthcare manager interviews conducted for several recent research projects on health system change. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Although mixed, there are enough negative results to raise some concerns about access to care for HMO enrollees with chronic conditions and diseases. Several emerging organizational changes have the potential to change access to care for the vulnerable HMO enrollees. The shift in cost-cutting from fragmented clinical management of specific services at a point in time toward more integrated clinical management of all services for specific types of patients across time may improve access to care, as may increased efforts to attract and retain HMO enrollees. The increased importance of capitated provider organizations within the health system may restrict access in some ways, and expand access in others. CONCLUSIONS: Organizational changes can affect both access to care and its measurement. More research is needed on the effects of these changes on access to care and quality of care. For researchers examining access to care for vulnerable HMO enrollee populations, these changes create challenges to determine the most appropriate measures of access to care, and the most appropriate organizations and organizational characteristics to measure. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE, MANAGEMENT, AND/OR POLICY: Changes in market competition are leading to organizational changes that affect access to care for vulnerable HMO enrollee populations. Public and/or private policies that improve measurement and reporting can affect market competition and improve access to care. PMID:9685111

  20. Protecting patient privacy when sharing patient-level data from clinical trials.

    PubMed

    Tucker, Katherine; Branson, Janice; Dilleen, Maria; Hollis, Sally; Loughlin, Paul; Nixon, Mark J; Williams, Zoë

    2016-07-08

    Greater transparency and, in particular, sharing of patient-level data for further scientific research is an increasingly important topic for the pharmaceutical industry and other organisations who sponsor and conduct clinical trials as well as generally in the interests of patients participating in studies. A concern remains, however, over how to appropriately prepare and share clinical trial data with third party researchers, whilst maintaining patient confidentiality. Clinical trial datasets contain very detailed information on each participant. Risk to patient privacy can be mitigated by data reduction techniques. However, retention of data utility is important in order to allow meaningful scientific research. In addition, for clinical trial data, an excessive application of such techniques may pose a public health risk if misleading results are produced. After considering existing guidance, this article makes recommendations with the aim of promoting an approach that balances data utility and privacy risk and is applicable across clinical trial data holders. Our key recommendations are as follows: 1. Data anonymisation/de-identification: Data holders are responsible for generating de-identified datasets which are intended to offer increased protection for patient privacy through masking or generalisation of direct and some indirect identifiers. 2. Controlled access to data, including use of a data sharing agreement: A legally binding data sharing agreement should be in place, including agreements not to download or further share data and not to attempt to seek to identify patients. Appropriate levels of security should be used for transferring data or providing access; one solution is use of a secure 'locked box' system which provides additional safeguards. This article provides recommendations on best practices to de-identify/anonymise clinical trial data for sharing with third-party researchers, as well as controlled access to data and data sharing agreements. The recommendations are applicable to all clinical trial data holders. Further work will be needed to identify and evaluate competing possibilities as regulations, attitudes to risk and technologies evolve.

  1. Managed Entry Agreements for Pharmaceuticals in the Context of Adaptive Pathways in Europe

    PubMed Central

    Bouvy, Jacoline C.; Sapede, Claudine; Garner, Sarah

    2018-01-01

    As per the EMA definition, adaptive pathways is a scientific concept for the development of medicines which seeks to facilitate patient access to promising medicines addressing high unmet need through a prospectively planned approach in a sustainable way. This review reports the findings of activities undertaken by the ADAPT-SMART consortium to identify enablers and explore the suitability of managed entry agreements for adaptive pathways products in Europe. We found that during 2006–2016 outcomes-based managed entry agreements were not commonly used for products with a conditional marketing authorization or authorized under exceptional circumstances. The barriers and enablers to develop workable managed entry agreements models for adaptive pathways products were discussed through interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop with a number of recommendations made in this paper. PMID:29636692

  2. Transpulmonary thermodilution using femoral indicator injection: a prospective trial in patients with a femoral and a jugular central venous catheter

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Introduction Advanced hemodynamic monitoring using transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) is established for measurement of cardiac index (CI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) and extra-vascular lung water index (EVLWI). TPTD requires indicator injection via a central venous catheter (usually placed via the jugular or subclavian vein). However, superior vena cava access is often not feasible due to the clinical situation. This study investigates the conformity of TPTD using femoral access. Methods This prospective study involved an 18-month trial at a medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. Twenty-four patients with both a superior and an inferior vena cava catheter at the same time were enrolled in the study. Results TPTD-variables were calculated from TPTD curves after injection of the indicator bolus via jugular access (TPTDjug) and femoral access (TPTDfem). GEDVIfem and GEDVIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.88; P < 0.001), but significantly different (1,034 ± 275 vs. 793 ± 180 mL/m2; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias of +241 mL/m2 (limits of agreement: -9 and +491 mL/m2). GEDVIfem, CIfem and ideal body weight were independently associated with the bias (GEDVIfem-GEDVIjug). A correction formula of GEDVIjug after femoral TPTD, was calculated. EVLWIfem and EVLWIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.93; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of +0.83 mL/kg (limits of agreement: -2.61 and +4.28 mL/kg). Furthermore, CIfem and CIjug were significantly correlated (rm = 0.95; P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias of +0.29 L/min/m2 (limits of agreement -0.40 and +0.97 L/min/m2; percentage-error 16%). Conclusions TPTD after femoral injection of the thermo-bolus provides precise data on GEDVI with a high correlation, but a self-evident significant bias related to the augmented TPTD-volume. After correction of GEDVIfem using a correction formula, GEDVIfem shows high predictive capabilities for GEDVIjug. Regarding CI and EVLWI, accurate TPTD-data is obtained using femoral access. PMID:20500825

  3. Point shear wave ultrasound elastography with Esaote compared to real-time 2D shear wave elastography with supersonic imagine for the quantification of liver stiffness.

    PubMed

    Mulazzani, L; Salvatore, V; Ravaioli, F; Allegretti, G; Matassoni, F; Granata, R; Ferrarini, A; Stefanescu, H; Piscaglia, Fabio

    2017-09-01

    Different shear wave elastography (SWE) machines able to quantify liver stiffness (LS) have been recently introduced by various companies. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between point SWE with Esaote MyLab Twice (pSWE.ESA) and 2D SWE with Aixplorer SuperSonic (2D SWE.SSI). Moreover, we assessed the correlation of these machines with Fibroscan in a subgroup of patients. A total of 81 liver disease patients and 27 subjects without liver disease accessing the ultrasound lab were considered. Exclusion criteria were liver nodules, BMI >35, and severe comorbidities. LS was sampled from the same intercostal space with both pSWE.ESA and 2D SWE.SSI and values were tested with Lin's analysis and Bland-Altman analysis (B&A). Agreement between each SWE machine and Fibroscan was assessed in 26 liver disease patients with Spearman correlation. Precision and accuracy between pSWE.ESA and 2D SWE.SSI were, respectively, 0.839 and 0.999. B&A showed a mean of only -0.2 kPa, with no systematic deviation between the techniques and limits of agreement at -11.6 and 11.3 kPa. Spearman's rho correlation versus Fibroscan was 0.849 for pSWE.ESA and 0.878 for 2D SWE.SSI. The relationship became less strict in the higher range of LS (≥15.2 kPa), corresponding to cirrhosis. The overall degree of concordance of pSWE.ESA and 2D SWE.SSI in measuring LS resulted remarkable, also when compared with Fibroscan. The less strict correlation for patients with LS in the higher range would not affect the staging of disease as such patients are anyhow classified as cirrhotic.

  4. ACHP | Section 106 Regulations Flow Chart

    Science.gov Websites

    undertaking/no potential to cause effects Undertaking is type that might affect historic properties Identify No historic properties affected Historic properties are affected Assess Adverse Effects Apply affected Resolve Adverse Effects Continue consultation Memorandum of Agreement FAILURE TO AGREE COUNCIL

  5. Assessing the Agreement Between Eo-Based Semi-Automated Landslide Maps with Fuzzy Manual Landslide Delineation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Albrecht, F.; Hölbling, D.; Friedl, B.

    2017-09-01

    Landslide mapping benefits from the ever increasing availability of Earth Observation (EO) data resulting from programmes like the Copernicus Sentinel missions and improved infrastructure for data access. However, there arises the need for improved automated landslide information extraction processes from EO data while the dominant method is still manual delineation. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) provides the means for the fast and efficient extraction of landslide information. To prove its quality, automated results are often compared to manually delineated landslide maps. Although there is awareness of the uncertainties inherent in manual delineations, there is a lack of understanding how they affect the levels of agreement in a direct comparison of OBIA-derived landslide maps and manually derived landslide maps. In order to provide an improved reference, we present a fuzzy approach for the manual delineation of landslides on optical satellite images, thereby making the inherent uncertainties of the delineation explicit. The fuzzy manual delineation and the OBIA classification are compared by accuracy metrics accepted in the remote sensing community. We have tested this approach for high resolution (HR) satellite images of three large landslides in Austria and Italy. We were able to show that the deviation of the OBIA result from the manual delineation can mainly be attributed to the uncertainty inherent in the manual delineation process, a relevant issue for the design of validation processes for OBIA-derived landslide maps.

  6. 2 CFR 182.15 - To whom does the guidance apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Section 182.15 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET GOVERNMENTWIDE GUIDANCE FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS Reserved GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... responsibilities of other persons affected by the drug-free workplace requirements. ...

  7. An efficient chaotic maps-based authentication and key agreement scheme using smartcards for telecare medicine information systems.

    PubMed

    Lee, Tian-Fu

    2013-12-01

    A smartcard-based authentication and key agreement scheme for telecare medicine information systems enables patients, doctors, nurses and health visitors to use smartcards for secure login to medical information systems. Authorized users can then efficiently access remote services provided by the medicine information systems through public networks. Guo and Chang recently improved the efficiency of a smartcard authentication and key agreement scheme by using chaotic maps. Later, Hao et al. reported that the scheme developed by Guo and Chang had two weaknesses: inability to provide anonymity and inefficient double secrets. Therefore, Hao et al. proposed an authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems that solved these weaknesses and improved performance. However, a limitation in both schemes is their violation of the contributory property of key agreements. This investigation discusses these weaknesses and proposes a new smartcard-based authentication and key agreement scheme that uses chaotic maps for telecare medicine information systems. Compared to conventional schemes, the proposed scheme provides fewer weaknesses, better security, and more efficiency.

  8. Distributed Learning and Institutional Restructuring.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hawkins, Brian L.

    1999-01-01

    Discusses the following challenges institutions must consider as they enter the new marketplace of distributed learning: library access, faculty workload, faculty incentives, faculty-support structures, intellectual property, articulation agreements, financial aid, pricing, cross-subsidization of programs, institutional loyalty and philanthropy,…

  9. Design-build agreements : a case study review of the included handover requirements.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-04-01

    Road infrastructure is a key component of any regions transportation system. It allows : unprecedented levels of mobility, accessibility, and economic growth. On the other hand, the cost : associated with inadequate road infrastructure can amount ...

  10. NAFTA II : California border zone land transportation issues

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2001-09-01

    This report constitutes Phase II of a study of the impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1992 on border areas and determines transportation infrastructure access. Reviews status of NAFTA impact issues; identifies new issues; d...

  11. Coordination with railroads to facilitate acquisition of ROW

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-06-01

    It has been observed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Real Estate Services (HEPR) that there has been an emerging national trend for increasingly difficult and time consuming right-of-way (ROW) access agreements and acquisitions...

  12. 77 FR 20016 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-03

    ... Cancellation of LtrAgmt SCE-GBU for 1901 CA St Redlands Roof Top Solar to be effective 1/31/2012. Filed Date: 3... Facilities Agreement & DSA with Green Power Partners (WDT035). Filed Date: 3/26/12. Accession Number...

  13. 78 FR 35323 - Solicitation for a Cooperative Agreement-Gender-Informed Research (Women): Enhanced Approaches to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-12

    ... government's requirement for accessibility (508 PDF or HTML file). The awardee must provide descriptive text... schedule. Among the criteria used to evaluate the applications are indication of a clear understanding of...

  14. 14 CFR 1274.915 - Restrictions on sale or transfer of technology to foreign firms or institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... that access to technology developments under this Agreement by foreign firms or institutions must be... software or documentation related to sales of products or components, or (3) Transfers to foreign...

  15. Fiscal Year 2018 National Environmental Information Exchange Network Grant Solicitation Notice

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Exchange Network Grant Program provides funding for projects that are in line with Exchange Network priorities. The primary outcome expected from EN assistance agreements is improved access to, and exchange of, high quality environmental data.

  16. Sustaining change: the imperative for patient access strategies.

    PubMed

    Glynn, Peter A R

    2006-01-01

    The paper by Trypuc, MacLeod and Hudson provides a timely and important overview of methods to sustain provincial wait time strategies. The emphasis on accountability for patient access to timely care throughout the healthcare system comes through strongly--as it should. These accountabilities are made "real" through purchase service agreements. Physician-hospital relationships are a fundamental aspect of this accountability. This commentary suggests the inclusion of two additional supporting tools in addition to those cited by the authors of the lead paper--quality monitoring and the use of industrial engineering techniques for queue management and patient flow analysis. Strong and persistent leadership of patient access strategies will ensure sustainable change.

  17. EEL hits provision of NRC's proposed security rules

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1985-06-01

    The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) opposes key provisions in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's proposed rules for the security of nuclear plants. The objections focus on areas of nuclear plant access, physical protection of facilities, and personal searches. EEI feels that the nuclear industry has implemented effective access measures to provide reasonable assurance against insider threats. It objects to the proposal that workers denied access authorization could petition for a review of their case under conventional labor-management collective bargaining agreements. A counter-proposal by EEI exempts authorizes employees from pat-down searches on the grounds that such searches will make employees unhappy andmore » lower productivity.« less

  18. 48 CFR 2452.239-70 - Access to HUD systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... information of which the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to, or modification of, could adversely affect... normally includes hardware, software, information, data, applications, communications, and people (see OMB..., using, or operating the system or applications(s). (c) Citizenship-related requirements. Each affected...

  19. Protecting intellectual property associated with Canadian academic clinical trials - approaches and impact

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Intellectual property is associated with the creative work needed to design clinical trials. Two approaches have developed to protect the intellectual property associated with multicentre trial protocols prior to site initiation. The ‘open access’ approach involves publishing the protocol, permitting easy access to the complete protocol. The main advantages of the open access approach are that the protocol is freely available to all stakeholders, permitting them to discuss the protocol widely with colleagues, assess the quality and rigour of the protocol, determine the feasibility of conducting the trial at their centre, and after trial completion, to evaluate the reported findings based on a full understanding of the protocol. The main potential disadvantage of this approach is the potential for plagiarism; however if that occurred, it should be easy to identify because of the open access to the original trial protocol, as well as ensure that appropriate sanctions are used to deal with plagiarism. The ‘restricted access’ approach involves the use of non-disclosure agreements, legal documents that must be signed between the trial lead centre and collaborative sites. Potential sites must guarantee they will not disclose any details of the study before they are permitted to access the protocol. The main advantages of the restricted access approach are for the lead institution and nominated principal investigator, who protect their intellectual property associated with the trial. The main disadvantages are that ownership of the protocol and intellectual property is assigned to the lead institution; defining who ‘needs to know’ about the study protocol is difficult; and the use of non-disclosure agreements involves review by lawyers and institutional representatives at each site before access is permitted to the protocol, significantly delaying study implementation and adding substantial indirect costs to research institutes. This extra step may discourage sites from joining a trial. It is possible that the restricted access approach may contribute to the failure of well-designed trials without any significant benefit in protecting intellectual property. Funding agencies should formalize rules around open versus restricted access to the study protocol just as they have around open access to results. PMID:23270486

  20. 46 CFR 535.201 - Subject agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE OCEAN COMMON CARRIER... carriers to: (1) Discuss, fix, or regulate transportation rates, including through rates, cargo space... extent that such agreements involve ocean transportation in the foreign commerce of the United States. ...

  1. 46 CFR 535.201 - Subject agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE OCEAN COMMON CARRIER... carriers to: (1) Discuss, fix, or regulate transportation rates, including through rates, cargo space... extent that such agreements involve ocean transportation in the foreign commerce of the United States. ...

  2. 46 CFR 535.201 - Subject agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE OCEAN COMMON CARRIER... carriers to: (1) Discuss, fix, or regulate transportation rates, including through rates, cargo space... extent that such agreements involve ocean transportation in the foreign commerce of the United States. ...

  3. 46 CFR 535.201 - Subject agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE OCEAN COMMON CARRIER... carriers to: (1) Discuss, fix, or regulate transportation rates, including through rates, cargo space... extent that such agreements involve ocean transportation in the foreign commerce of the United States. ...

  4. Has the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean produced intellectual property legislation that favours public health?

    PubMed Central

    Oliveira, Maria Auxiliadora; Bermudez, Jorge Antonio Zepeda; Chaves, Gabriela Costa; Velásquez, Germán

    2004-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: The World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement establishes minimum standards for intellectual property rights, including patent protection for pharmaceuticals; therefore, it may make it difficult for developing countries to gain access to medicines, especially those countries that are the least developed. This study aims to determine whether implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in Latin American and Caribbean countries has generated patent legislation that is sensitive to public health needs. METHODS: Legislation in 11 Latin American and Caribbean countries was analysed. The variables considered in the analysis were: the term of patents issued, patentable subject matter, transition periods (that is, time until legislation was enacted), reversal of the burden of proof of patent infringement, exhaustion of rights, compulsory licensing and the early working exception (which allows a country to complete all procedures necessary to register a generic product before the original patent expires). FINDINGS: By 2000, all of the countries studied had reformed their legislation to conform to the agreement. Brazil and Argentina used the transition period until 2005 to grant patents in the pharmaceutical industry. All countries, except Panama, made use of the safeguards and flexibilities available through the agreement by including mechanisms for compulsory licensing in their legislation. Argentina; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (countries that represented the Andean community); the Dominican Republic; and Panama included mechanisms to allow parallel importation. Mexico did not. Brazil only permits parallel importation after a compulsory licence has been issued. The early working exception is included in legislation in Brazil and the Dominican Republic. CONCLUSION: The countries in this study did not incorporate all of the mechanisms allowed for by the Agreement and are not adequately using the provisions that enable World Trade Organization (WTO) members to obtain better health for the public, particularly in regard to gaining access to medicines. This situation may deteriorate in future if other agreements establish more restrictive rules for intellectual property rights. PMID:15640916

  5. [A systematic social observation tool: methods and results of inter-rater reliability].

    PubMed

    Freitas, Eulilian Dias de; Camargos, Vitor Passos; Xavier, César Coelho; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Proietti, Fernando Augusto

    2013-10-01

    Systematic social observation has been used as a health research methodology for collecting information from the neighborhood physical and social environment. The objectives of this article were to describe the operationalization of direct observation of the physical and social environment in urban areas and to evaluate the instrument's reliability. The systematic social observation instrument was designed to collect information in several domains. A total of 1,306 street segments belonging to 149 different neighborhoods in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were observed. For the reliability study, 149 segments (1 per neighborhood) were re-audited, and Fleiss kappa was used to access inter-rater agreement. Mean agreement was 0.57 (SD = 0.24); 53% had substantial or almost perfect agreement, and 20.4%, moderate agreement. The instrument appears to be appropriate for observing neighborhood characteristics that are not time-dependent, especially urban services, property characterization, pedestrian environment, and security.

  6. Family matters

    PubMed Central

    Hudson, Kathy L.; Collins, Francis S.

    2013-01-01

    Kathy L. Hudson and Francis S. Collins discuss how and why the US National Institutes of Health worked with the family of Henrietta Lacks, the unwitting source of the HeLa cell line, to craft an agreement for access to HeLa genome data. PMID:23925224

  7. The South China Sea: Every Nation for Itself

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-05-23

    all South American. Prior to 1950, Argentina, Chile, Peru , and Ecuador all extended their boundaries either to the continental shelf or to a...los/convention_agreements/convention_historical_perspective.htme (accessed September 18, 2012). 15 “ Chronological Lists of Ratifications Of

  8. 76 FR 70435 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-14

    ... between National Grid, NYPA, PEP, and MI to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 11/02/2011. Accession... Agreement No. 1743 between National Grid, NYPA, PEP, and MI to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 11/02/2011...

  9. The Fight Against UCITA.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neal, James G.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses objections in the library community to the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA), a legal framework being considered by state governments regarding computer information, transactions, and software. Topics include copyright issues; user needs for access to information; license agreements; and costs that may prevent…

  10. 32 CFR 37.600 - Which administrative matters are covered in this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems § 37.600 Which administrative matters are covered in... operation of a participant's financial management, property management, or purchasing system. Each...

  11. 47 CFR 73.23 - AM broadcast station applications affected by international agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... consistency with international relationships and as to which no final decision has been rendered, whenever action under this section becomes appropriate because of inconsistency with international relationships... international agreements. 73.23 Section 73.23 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED...

  12. A comprehensive review of HIV/STI prevention and sexual and reproductive health services among sex Workers in Conflict-Affected Settings: call for an evidence- and rights-based approach in the humanitarian response.

    PubMed

    Ferguson, Alyssa; Shannon, Kate; Butler, Jennifer; Goldenberg, Shira M

    2017-01-01

    While the conditions in emergency humanitarian and conflict-affected settings often result in significant sex work economies, there is limited information on the social and structural conditions of sex work in these settings, and the impacts on HIV/STI prevention and access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for sex workers. Our objective was to comprehensively review existing evidence on HIV/STI prevention and access to SRH services for sex workers in conflict-affected settings globally. We conducted a comprehensive review of all peer review (both epidemiological and qualitative) and grey literature published in the last 15 years (2000-2015), focusing on 1) HIV/STI vulnerability or prevention, and/or 2) access to SRH services for sex workers in conflict-affected settings. Five databases were searched, using combinations of sex work, conflict/mobility, HIV/STI, and SRH service terms. Relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature were also hand-searched, and key papers were cross-referenced for additional material. Five hundred fifty one records were screened and 416 records reviewed. Of 33 records describing HIV/STI prevention and/or access to SRH services among sex workers in conflict-affected settings, 24 were from sub-Saharan Africa; 18 studies described the results of primary research (13 quantitative, 3 qualitative, 2 mixed-methods) and 15 were non-primary research (e.g., commentaries, policy reports, programmatic manuals). Available evidence indicated that within conflict-affected settings, SWs' capacity to engage in HIV/STI prevention and access SRH services is severely undermined by social and structural determinants including widespread violence and human rights violations, the collapse of livelihoods and traditional social structures, high levels of displacement, and difficulties accessing already scant health services due to stigma, discrimination and criminalization. This review identified significant gaps in HIV/STI and SRH research, policy, and programming for conflict-affected sex workers, highlighting a critical gap in the humanitarian response. Sex worker-informed policies and interventions to promote HIV/STI prevention and access to HIV and SRH services using a rights-based approach are recommended, and further research on the degree to which conflict-affected sex workers are accessing HIV/STI and SRH services is recommended.A paradigm shift from the behavioural and biomedical approach to a human rights-based approach to HIV/STI prevention and SRH is strongly recommended.

  13. A percolation approach to study the high electric field effect on electrical conductivity of insulating polymer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benallou, Amina; Hadri, Baghdad; Martinez-Vega, Juan; El Islam Boukortt, Nour

    2018-04-01

    The effect of percolation threshold on the behaviour of electrical conductivity at high electric field of insulating polymers has been briefly investigated in literature. Sometimes the dead ends links are not taken into account in the study of the electric field effect on the electrical properties. In this work, we present a theoretical framework and Monte Carlo simulation of the behaviour of the electric conductivity at high electric field based on the percolation theory using the traps energies levels which are distributed according to distribution law (uniform, Gaussian, and power-law). When a solid insulating material is subjected to a high electric field, and during trapping mechanism the dead ends of traps affect with decreasing the electric conductivity according to the traps energies levels, the correlation length of the clusters, the length of the dead ends, and the concentration of the accessible positions for the electrons. A reasonably good agreement is obtained between simulation results and the theoretical framework.

  14. National reimbursement listing determinants of new cancer drugs: a retrospective analysis of 58 cancer treatment appraisals in 2007-2016 in South Korea.

    PubMed

    Kim, Eun-Sook; Kim, Jung-Ae; Lee, Eui-Kyung

    2017-08-01

    Since the positive-list system was introduced, concerns have been raised over restricting access to new cancer drugs in Korea. Policy changes in the decision-making process, such as risk-sharing agreement and the waiver of pharmacoeconomic data submission, were implemented to improve access to oncology medicines, and other factors are also involved in the reimbursement for cancer drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the reimbursement listing determinants of new cancer drugs in Korea. All cancer treatment appraisals of Health Insurance Review and Assessment during 2007-2016 were analyzed based on 13 independent variables (comparative effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, drug-price comparison, oncology-specific policy, and innovation such as new mode of action). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted. Of 58 analyzed submissions, 40% were listed in the national reimbursement formulary. In univariate analysis, four variables were related to listing: comparative effectiveness, drug-price comparison, new mode of action, and risk-sharing agreement. In multivariate logistic analysis, three variables significantly increased the likelihood of listing: clinical improvement, below alternative's price, and risk-sharing arrangement. Cancer drug's listing increased from 17% to 47% after risk-sharing agreement implementation. Clinical improvement, cost-effectiveness, and RSA application are critical to successful national reimbursement listing.

  15. [Economic assessment in health and environment from control of persistent organic pollutants in Colombia].

    PubMed

    García-Ubaque, César A; García-Ubaque, Juan C; Vaca-Bohórquez, Martha L

    2015-12-01

    Objective To estimate the economic benefits related to environment and health in the context of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention for the control of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the country. The estimation was conducted based on two scenarios: non-compliance with the agreement and compliance with the Convention. Gross profit was derived from the difference in present value between the health and environmental costs that are assumed in each scenario. Results Gross profit by decreasing health costs arising from the implementation of the Convention was estimated at USD $ 511 and USD $ 501 million. By introducing variables such as management costs and agreement on potential benefits for access to international markets, the benefits to the country were estimated at between USD $1 631 and USD $ 3 118 million. Discussion Despite the economic benefits generated by lower expenditure on health for the Convention implementation, the costs associated with reducing pollutant emissions generated a negative balance, compensated only by the expectation of higher revenues for international market access. We consider this initial economic assessment an important contribution, but it should be reviewed to include valuation methodologies involving other social profitability variables and different scenarios for emerging technologies, new scientific knowledge about these pollutants, changes in legislation and / or changes in trade agreement conditions, among others.

  16. 76 FR 41785 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-15

    .... Applicants: UniSource Energy Development Company. Description: Notification of Cancellation of Tolling Agreement of UniSource Energy Development. Filed Date: 07/01/2011. Accession Number: 20110701-5234. Comment... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice...

  17. International Aviation: Competition Issues in the U.S. - U.K. Market

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-06-04

    Access to London's Heathrow Airport is important to any airline that desires to : be a major participant in the transatlantic market. Current U.S. bilateral : aviation agreement with the United Kingdom restricts the number of U.S. airlines : that can...

  18. 34 CFR 412.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL NETWORK FOR CURRICULUM COORDINATION IN... provides grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to six regional curriculum coordination centers (CCCs... accessible by electronic means; (3) Provide leadership and technical assistance in the design, development...

  19. Improving U.S. Trade.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bentsen, Lloyd

    1982-01-01

    Discusses the need to formulate a coherent trade policy in response to international economic realities. The author argues against a return to trade protectionism and supports efforts to establish workable reciprocity agreements. Increasing import tariffs on high technology products would control access to American markets. (AM)

  20. Privacy Impact Assessment for the Research Grant, Cooperative Agreement and Fellowship Application Files

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This system collects research proposal information. Learn how this data will be collected in the system, how it will be used, access to the data, the purpose of data collection, and record retention policies for this data.

  1. 75 FR 11161 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-10

    ... Generator Interconnection Agreement among SES Solar One, LLC et al. Filed Date: 02/25/2010. Accession Number... System Operator Inc. Description: New York Independent System Operator, Inc submits proposed revisions to... Independent Transmission System Operator Inc. Description: Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator...

  2. 76 FR 54510 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-01

    ... Service request to enter into an additional agreement under the ``International Business Reply Service..., 2011. ADDRESSES: Submit comments electronically by accessing the ``Filing Online'' link in the banner... Commission's Filing Online system at https://www.prc.gov/prc-pages/filing-online/login.aspx . Commenters who...

  3. 7 CFR 550.55 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Section 550.55 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS... set out in § 550.42(d). (b) Financial records, supporting documents, statistical records, and all...

  4. Compulsory private complementary health insurance offered by employers in France: implications and current debate.

    PubMed

    Franc, Carine; Pierre, Aurélie

    2015-02-01

    In January 2013, within the framework of a National Inter-professional Agreement (NIA), the French government required all employers (irrespective of the size of their business) to offer private complementary health insurance to their employees from January 2016. The generalization of group complementary health insurance to all employees will directly affect insurers, employers and employees, as well as individuals not directly concerned (students, retirees, unemployed and civil servants). In this paper, we present the issues raised by this regulation, the expected consequences and the current debate around this reform. In particular, we argue that this reform may have adverse effects on equity of access to complementary health insurance in France, since the risk structure of the market for individual health insurance will change, potentially increasing inequalities between wage-earners and others. Moreover, tax exemptions given to group contracts are problematic because public funds used to support these contracts can be higher at individual level for high-salary individuals than those allocated to improve access for the poorest. In response to the criticism and with the aim of ensuring equity in the system, the government decided to reconsider some of the fiscal advantages given to group contracts, to enhance programs and aids dedicated to the poorest and to redefine an overall context of incentives. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

  5. How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15 PHP Capabilities

    PubMed Central

    Carbone, Eric G.; Lynch, Molly; Wang, Z. Joan; Jones, Terrance; Rose, Dale A.

    2017-01-01

    Objectives. To assess how health department contextual factors influence perceptions of the 15 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide guidance on organizing preparedness activities. Methods. We conducted an online survey and focus group between September 2015 and May 2016 with directors of preparedness programs in state, metropolitan, and territorial jurisdictions funded by CDC’s Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) cooperative agreement. The survey collected demographic information and data on contextual factors including leadership, partnerships, organizational structure, resources and structural capacity, and data and evaluation. Results. Seventy-seven percent (48 of 62) of PHEP directors completed the survey and 8 participated in the focus group. Respondents were experienced directors (mean = 10.6 years), and 58% led 7 or more emergency responses. Leadership, partnerships, and access to fiscal and human resources were associated with perception and use of the capabilities. Conclusions. Despite some deficiencies, PHEP awardees believe the capabilities provide useful guidance and a flexible framework for organizing their work. Contextual factors affect perceptions of the capabilities and possibly the effectiveness of their use. Public Health Implications. The capabilities can be used to address challenges in preparedness, including identifying evidence-based practices, developing performance measures, and improving responses. PMID:28892447

  6. How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15 PHP Capabilities.

    PubMed

    Horney, Jennifer A; Carbone, Eric G; Lynch, Molly; Wang, Z Joan; Jones, Terrance; Rose, Dale A

    2017-09-01

    To assess how health department contextual factors influence perceptions of the 15 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide guidance on organizing preparedness activities. We conducted an online survey and focus group between September 2015 and May 2016 with directors of preparedness programs in state, metropolitan, and territorial jurisdictions funded by CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) cooperative agreement. The survey collected demographic information and data on contextual factors including leadership, partnerships, organizational structure, resources and structural capacity, and data and evaluation. Seventy-seven percent (48 of 62) of PHEP directors completed the survey and 8 participated in the focus group. Respondents were experienced directors (mean = 10.6 years), and 58% led 7 or more emergency responses. Leadership, partnerships, and access to fiscal and human resources were associated with perception and use of the capabilities. Despite some deficiencies, PHEP awardees believe the capabilities provide useful guidance and a flexible framework for organizing their work. Contextual factors affect perceptions of the capabilities and possibly the effectiveness of their use. Public Health Implications. The capabilities can be used to address challenges in preparedness, including identifying evidence-based practices, developing performance measures, and improving responses.

  7. Globalization of Access to Higher Education: Lessons for Nigeria

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Uchendu, C. C.

    2013-01-01

    Education is such a powerful instrument for national transformation and development such that anything that affects an educational system negatively affects the national development. This study investigated the extent to which access to higher education is globalized and the implications for Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted…

  8. 75 FR 49414 - Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-13

    ... revisions affect States, Indian Tribes, intertribal consortia, and political subdivisions. The revisions... political subdivision participation in CERCLA implementation: Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State... funds to a State, political subdivision, or Indian Tribe that assumes responsibility as the lead or...

  9. Better governance, better access: practising responsible data sharing in the METADAC governance infrastructure.

    PubMed

    Murtagh, Madeleine J; Blell, Mwenza T; Butters, Olly W; Cowley, Lorraine; Dove, Edward S; Goodman, Alissa; Griggs, Rebecca L; Hall, Alison; Hallowell, Nina; Kumari, Meena; Mangino, Massimo; Maughan, Barbara; Mills, Melinda C; Minion, Joel T; Murphy, Tom; Prior, Gillian; Suderman, Matthew; Ring, Susan M; Rogers, Nina T; Roberts, Stephanie J; Van der Straeten, Catherine; Viney, Will; Wiltshire, Deborah; Wong, Andrew; Walker, Neil; Burton, Paul R

    2018-04-26

    Genomic and biosocial research data about individuals is rapidly proliferating, bringing the potential for novel opportunities for data integration and use. The scale, pace and novelty of these applications raise a number of urgent sociotechnical, ethical and legal questions, including optimal methods of data storage, management and access. Although the open science movement advocates unfettered access to research data, many of the UK's longitudinal cohort studies operate systems of managed data access, in which access is governed by legal and ethical agreements between stewards of research datasets and researchers wishing to make use of them. Amongst other things, these agreements aim to respect the reasonable expectations of the research participants who provided data and samples, as expressed in the consent process. Arguably, responsible data management and governance of data and sample use are foundational to the consent process in longitudinal studies and are an important source of trustworthiness in the eyes of those who contribute data to genomic and biosocial research. This paper presents an ethnographic case study exploring the foundational principles of a governance infrastructure for Managing Ethico-social, Technical and Administrative issues in Data ACcess (METADAC), which are operationalised through a committee known as the METADAC Access Committee. METADAC governs access to phenotype, genotype and 'omic' data and samples from five UK longitudinal studies. Using the example of METADAC, we argue that three key structural features are foundational for practising responsible data sharing: independence and transparency; interdisciplinarity; and participant-centric decision-making. We observe that the international research community is proactively working towards optimising the use of research data, integrating/linking these data with routine data generated by health and social care services and other administrative data services to improve the analysis, interpretation and utility of these data. The governance of these new complex data assemblages will require a range of expertise from across a number of domains and disciplines, including that of study participants. Human-mediated decision-making bodies will be central to ensuring achievable, reasoned and responsible decisions about the use of these data; the METADAC model described in this paper provides an example of how this could be realised.

  10. Physical attractiveness, issue agreement, and assimilation effects in candidate appraisal.

    PubMed

    Schubert, James N; Curran, Margaret Ann; Strungaru, Carmen

    2011-01-01

    This study examines the cognitive and affective factors of candidate appraisal by manipulating candidate attractiveness and levels of issue agreement with voters. Drawing upon research in evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience, this analysis proposes that automatic processing of physical appearance predisposes affective disposition toward more attractive candidates, thereby influencing cognitive processing of issue information. An experimental design presented attractive and unattractive candidates who were either liberal or conservative in a mock primary election. The data show strong partial effects for appearance on vote intention, an interaction between appearance and issue agreement, and a tendency for voters to assimilate the dissimilar views of attractive candidates. We argue that physical appearance is important in primary elections when the differences in issue positions and ideology between candidates is small.

  11. Factors Involved in Access and Utilization of Adult Hearing Healthcare: A Systematic Review

    PubMed Central

    Barnett, Margaret; Hixon, Brian; Okwiri, Neville; Irungu, Catherine; Ayugi, John; Thompson, Robin; Shinn, Jennifer B.; Bush, Matthew L.

    2016-01-01

    Objective/Hypothesis Hearing loss is a public health concern yet hearing healthcare disparities exist and influence utilization of rehabilitation services. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze the published literature on motivators, barriers, and compliance factors affecting adult patient access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation healthcare. Data Sources and Study Eligibility Criteria Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Eligible studies were those containing original, peer-reviewed research in English pertaining to factors affecting adult hearing healthcare access and utilization of hearing aids and cochlear implantation. The search encompassed 1990-2015. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Two investigators independently reviewed all articles and extracted data. Specific variables regarding access to care and compliance to recommended care were extracted from each study. Results Thirty articles were reviewed. The factors affecting access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation could be classified into motivators, barriers, and compliance in treatment or device use. The key motivators to seek care include degree of hearing loss, self-efficacy, family support, and self-recognition of hearing loss. The primary barriers to care were financial limitations, stigma of hearing devices, inconvenience, competing chronic health problems, and unrealistic expectations. Compliance is most affected by self-efficacy, education level, and engagement in the rehabilition process. Conclusion Accessing hearing healthcare is complicated by multiple factors. Considering the current climate in healthcare policy and legislation towards improved access of care, a deeper understanding of motivators, barriers and compliance factors can aid in delivery of effective and efficient hearing healthcare. PMID:27545324

  12. Factors involved in access and utilization of adult hearing healthcare: A systematic review.

    PubMed

    Barnett, Margaret; Hixon, Brian; Okwiri, Neville; Irungu, Catherine; Ayugi, John; Thompson, Robin; Shinn, Jennifer B; Bush, Matthew L

    2017-05-01

    Hearing loss is a public health concern, yet hearing healthcare disparities exist and influence utilization of rehabilitation services. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze the published literature on motivators, barriers, and compliance factors affecting adult patient access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation healthcare. Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Eligible studies were those containing original, peer-reviewed research in English pertaining to factors affecting adult hearing healthcare access and utilization of hearing aids and cochlear implantation. The search encompassed 1990 to 2015. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles and extracted data. Specific variables regarding access to care and compliance to recommended care were extracted from each study. Thirty articles were reviewed. The factors affecting access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation could be classified into motivators, barriers, and compliance in treatment or device use. The key motivators to seek care include degree of hearing loss, self-efficacy, family support, and self-recognition of hearing loss. The primary barriers to care were financial limitations, stigma of hearing devices, inconvenience, competing chronic health problems, and unrealistic expectations. Compliance is most affected by self-efficacy, education level, and engagement in the rehabilitation process. Accessing hearing healthcare is complicated by multiple factors. Considering the current climate in healthcare policy and legislation toward improved access of care, a deeper understanding of motivators, barriers, and compliance factors can aid in delivery of effective and efficient hearing healthcare. Laryngoscope, 127:1187-1194, 2017. © 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

  13. Linking data sources for measurement of effective coverage in maternal and newborn health: what do we learn from individual- vs ecological-linking methods?

    PubMed

    Willey, Barbara; Waiswa, Peter; Kajjo, Darious; Munos, Melinda; Akuze, Joseph; Allen, Elizabeth; Marchant, Tanya

    2018-06-01

    Improving maternal and newborn health requires improvements in the quality of facility-based care. This is challenging to measure: routine data may be unreliable; respondents in population surveys may be unable to accurately report on quality indicators; and facility assessments lack population level denominators. We explored methods for linking access to skilled birth attendance (SBA) from household surveys to data on provision of care from facility surveys with the aim of estimating population level effective coverage reflecting access to quality care. We used data from Mayuge District, Uganda. Data from household surveys on access to SBA were linked to health facility assessment census data on readiness to provide basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) in the same district. One individual- and two ecological-linking methods were applied. All methods used household survey reports on where care at birth was accessed. The individual-linking method linked this to data about facility readiness from the specific facility where each woman delivered. The first ecological-linking approach used a district-wide mean estimate of facility readiness. The second used an estimate of facility readiness adjusted by level of health facility accessed. Absolute differences between estimates derived from the different linking methods were calculated, and agreement examined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. A total of 1177 women resident in Mayuge reported a birth during 2012-13. Of these, 664 took place in facilities within Mayuge, and were eligible for linking to the census of the district's 38 facilities. 55% were assisted by a SBA in a facility. Using the individual-linking method, effective coverage of births that took place with an SBA in a facility ready to provide BEmONC was just 10% (95% confidence interval CI 3-17). The absolute difference between the individual- and ecological-level linking method adjusting for facility level was one percentage point (11%), and tests suggested good agreement. The ecological method using the district-wide estimate demonstrated poor agreement. The proportion of women accessing appropriately equipped facilities for care at birth is far lower than the coverage of facility delivery. To realise the life-saving potential of health services, countries need evidence to inform actions that address gaps in the provision of quality care. Linking household and facility-based information provides a simple but innovative method for estimating quality of care at the population level. These encouraging findings suggest that linking data sets can result in meaningful evidence even when the exact location of care seeking is not known.

  14. 43 CFR 24.5 - International agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... boundaries. The authority to enter into such agreements is reserved to the President by and with the advice... that give strong consideration to established State programs designed to ensure the conservation of... advice of affected State agencies and to recommend to the U.S. Department of State that representatives...

  15. 43 CFR 24.5 - International agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... boundaries. The authority to enter into such agreements is reserved to the President by and with the advice... that give strong consideration to established State programs designed to ensure the conservation of... advice of affected State agencies and to recommend to the U.S. Department of State that representatives...

  16. Elements of well-being affected by criminalizing the drug user.

    PubMed Central

    Iguchi, Martin Y.; London, Jennifer A.; Forge, Nell Griffith; Hickman, Laura; Fain, Terry; Riehman, Kara

    2002-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: The authors examine the possible adverse consequences of incarceration on drug offenders, their families, and their communities. OBSERVATIONS: State and federal policies on drug felons may affect eight elements of personal and community well-being: children and families, access to health benefits, access to housing benefits, access to assistance for higher education, immigration status, employment, eligibility to vote, and drug use or recidivism. CONCLUSIONS: Minorities have a high chance of felony conviction and an increasing lack of access to resources, suggesting that patterns of drug conviction and health disparities may be mutually reinforcing. Large numbers of people sent to prison for drug offenses are now completing their terms and reentering communities. Their reentry will disproportionately affect minority communities. Without resources (education, job opportunities, insurance, health care, housing, and the right to vote) drug abusers face a higher risk of recidivism and increase the burden on their communities. PMID:12435838

  17. 32 CFR Appendix H to Part 505 - Definitions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC... Department of Defense are considered a single agency. For other purposes including access, amendment, appeals... approves all computer matching agreements between the Department of Defense (DOD) and other Federal, State...

  18. 40 CFR 31.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... records. 31.42 Section 31.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 31.42 Retention...

  19. Legal Deposit and Copyright: Some Issues of Concern.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scott, Marianne

    This paper highlights some issues of concern for national libraries about the way national copyright legislation and, increasingly, international agreements may effect how successful they are in carrying out their mission. Discussion includes copyright and exceptions to copyright; preservation and access; preservation exceptions; access…

  20. 7 CFR 1485.18 - Advances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE EXPORT PROGRAMS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Market Access Program § 1485.18 Advances. (a) Policy. In general, CCC operates MAP and EIP/MAP on... participant for generic promotion activities. Prior to making an advance, CCC may require the participant to...

  1. 76 FR 6775 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-08

    ... Services Corporation; Fowler Ridge II Wind Farm LLC. Description: Notice of Non-Material Change in Status... Open Access Transmission Tariff, a Small Generator Interconnection Agreement Facilities Maintenance..., Inc.; Atlantic Renewable Projects II LLC; Barton Windpower LLC; Big Horn Wind Project LLC; Big Horn II...

  2. 32 CFR Appendix H to Part 505 - Definitions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC... Department of Defense are considered a single agency. For other purposes including access, amendment, appeals... approves all computer matching agreements between the Department of Defense (DOD) and other Federal, State...

  3. 45 CFR 310.1 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... existing automated data processing computer system through an Intergovernmental Service Agreement; (4...) Office Automation means a generic adjunct component of a computer system that supports the routine... timely and satisfactory; (iv) Assurances that information in the computer system as well as access, use...

  4. 45 CFR 310.1 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... existing automated data processing computer system through an Intergovernmental Service Agreement; (4...) Office Automation means a generic adjunct component of a computer system that supports the routine... timely and satisfactory; (iv) Assurances that information in the computer system as well as access, use...

  5. 45 CFR 310.1 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... existing automated data processing computer system through an Intergovernmental Service Agreement; (4...) Office Automation means a generic adjunct component of a computer system that supports the routine... timely and satisfactory; (iv) Assurances that information in the computer system as well as access, use...

  6. 45 CFR 310.1 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... existing automated data processing computer system through an Intergovernmental Service Agreement; (4...) Office Automation means a generic adjunct component of a computer system that supports the routine... timely and satisfactory; (iv) Assurances that information in the computer system as well as access, use...

  7. 45 CFR 310.1 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... existing automated data processing computer system through an Intergovernmental Service Agreement; (4...) Office Automation means a generic adjunct component of a computer system that supports the routine... timely and satisfactory; (iv) Assurances that information in the computer system as well as access, use...

  8. 78 FR 73187 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-05

    ...: Northern States Power Company, a Minnesota corporation. Description: Northern States Power Company, a... Light and Power Company. Description: The Connecticut Light and Power Company submit Bridgeport Energy Localized Cost Responsibility Agreement to be effective 12/1/2013. Filed Date: 11/26/13. Accession Number...

  9. 76 FR 67440 - Market Access Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... the Farm Credit System (System or FCS) and the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation (Funding...-4020, TTY (703) 883-4020. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: System banks and the Funding Corporation entered... of each System bank by outlining each party's respective rights and responsibilities in the event the...

  10. Joining Forces

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kennedy, Mike

    2006-01-01

    As education institutions more readily pursue stronger connections with the entire community, joint-use programs allow them to forge those bonds more effectively--providing entire communities with more access to facilities and services, often critically needed in some areas, and more efficient use of tax funds. Through joint-use agreements,…

  11. Advancing Public Health on the Changing Global Trade and Investment Agenda

    PubMed Central

    Thow, Anne Marie; Gleeson, Deborah

    2017-01-01

    Concerns regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) have raised awareness about the negative public health impacts of trade and investment agreements. In the past decade, we have learned much about the implications of trade agreements for public health: reduced equity in access to health services; increased flows of unhealthy commodities; limits on access to medicines; and constrained policy space for health. Getting health on the trade agenda continues to prove challenging, despite some progress in moving towards policy coherence. Recent changes in trade and investment agendas highlight an opportunity for public health researchers and practitioners to engage in highly politicized debates about how future economic policy can protect and support equitable public health outcomes. To fulfil this opportunity, public health attention now needs to turn to strengthening policy coherence between trade and health, and identifying how solutions can be implemented. Key strategies include research agendas that address politics and power, and capacity building for both trade and health officials. PMID:28812819

  12. Authentication Architecture for Region-Wide e-Health System with Smartcards and a PKI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zúquete, André; Gomes, Helder; Cunha, João Paulo Silva

    This paper describes the design and implementation of an e-Health authentication architecture using smartcards and a PKI. This architecture was developed to authenticate e-Health Professionals accessing the RTS (Rede Telemática da Saúde), a regional platform for sharing clinical data among a set of affiliated health institutions. The architecture had to accommodate specific RTS requirements, namely the security of Professionals' credentials, the mobility of Professionals, and the scalability to accommodate new health institutions. The adopted solution uses short-lived certificates and cross-certification agreements between RTS and e-Health institutions for authenticating Professionals accessing the RTS. These certificates carry as well the Professional's role at their home institution for role-based authorization. Trust agreements between e-Health institutions and RTS are necessary in order to make the certificates recognized by the RTS. As a proof of concept, a prototype was implemented with Windows technology. The presented authentication architecture is intended to be applied to other medical telematic systems.

  13. What is access to radiation therapy? A conceptual framework and review of influencing factors.

    PubMed

    Sundaresan, Puma; Stockler, Martin R; Milross, Christopher G

    2016-02-01

    Optimal radiation therapy (RT) utilisation rates (RURs) have been defined for various cancer indications through extensive work in Australia and overseas. These benchmarks remain unrealised. The gap between optimal RUR and actual RUR has been attributed to inadequacies in 'RT access'. We aimed to develop a conceptual framework for the consideration of 'RT access' by examining the literature for existing constructs and translating it to the context of RT services. We further aimed to use this framework to identify and examine factors influencing 'RT access'. Existing models of health care access were reviewed and used to develop a multi-dimensional conceptual framework for 'RT access'. A review of the literature was then conducted to identify factors reported to affect RT access and utilisation. The electronic databases searched, the host platform and date range of the databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE, 1946 to October 2014 and PsycINFO via OvidSP,1806 to October 2014. The framework developed demonstrates that 'RT access' encompasses opportunity for RT as well as the translation of this opportunity to RT utilisation. Opportunity for RT includes availability, affordability, adequacy (quality) and acceptability of RT services. Several factors at the consumer, referrer and RT service levels affect the translation of this opportunity for RT to actual RT utilisation. 'Access' is a term that is widely used in the context of health service related research, planning and political discussions. It is a multi-faceted concept with many descriptions. We propose a conceptual framework for the consideration of 'RT access' so that factors affecting RT access and utilisation may be identified and examined. Understanding these factors, and quantifying them where possible, will allow objective evaluation of their impact on RT utilisation and guide implementation of strategies to modify their effects.

  14. Children's Access to Dental Care Affected by Reimbursement Rates, Dentist Density, and Dentist Participation in Medicaid.

    PubMed

    Chalmers, Natalia I; Compton, Robert D

    2017-10-01

    To assess the relation between Medicaid reimbursement rates and access to dental care services in the context of dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid in each state. Data were from Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment reports for 2014, Medicaid reimbursement rate in 2013, dentist density in 2014, and dentist participation in Medicaid in 2014. We assessed patterns of mediation or moderation. Reimbursement rates and access to dental care were directly related at the state level, but no evidence indicated that higher reimbursement rates resulted in overuse of dental services for those who had access. The relation between reimbursement rates and access to care was moderated by dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid. We estimate that more than 1.8 million additional children would have had access to dental care if reimbursement rates were higher in states with low rates. Children who access the dental care system receive care, but reimbursement may significantly affect access. States with low dentist density and low dentist participation in Medicaid may be able to improve access to dental services significantly by increasing reimbursement rates.

  15. Development and validation of a novel questionnaire for self-determination of the range of motion of wrist and elbow.

    PubMed

    Schnetzke, Marc; Schüler, Svenja; Keil, Holger; Aytac, Sara; Studier-Fischer, Stefan; Grützner, Paul-Alfred; Guehring, Thorsten

    2016-07-26

    The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel self-administered questionnaire for assessing the patient's own range of motion (ROM) of the wrist and the elbow. In a prospective clinical study from January 2015 to June 2015, 101 consecutive patients were evaluated with a novel, self-administered, diagram-based, wrist motion assessment score (W-MAS) and elbow motion assessment score (E-MAS). The questionnaire was statistically evaluated for test-retest reliability, patient-physician agreement, comparison with healthy population, and influence of covariates (age, gender, affected side and involvement in workers' compensation cases). Assessment of patient-physician agreement demonstrated almost perfect agreement (k > 0.80) with regard to six out of eight items. There was substantial agreement with regard to two items: elbow extension (k = 0.76) and pronation (k = 0.75). The assessment of the test-retest reliability revealed at least substantial agreement (k = 0.70). The questionnaire revealed a high discriminative power when comparing the healthy population with the study group (p = 0.007 or lower for every item). Age, gender, affected side and involvement in workers' compensation cases did not in general significantly influence the patient-physician agreement for the questionnaire. The W-MAS and E-MAS are valid and reliable self-administered questionnaires that provide a high level of patient-physician agreement for the assessments of wrist and elbow ROM. Diagnostic study, Level II.

  16. Sex, Pornography, and the Mass Media: How Should Social Studies Teachers Respond?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martinson, David L.

    2007-01-01

    Many people fear that the current explosion in mass media technology is negatively affecting individuals and society via-a-vis considerations related to the accessibility of pornographic materials. The way this accessibility affects young people is of particular concern. In this article, the author addresses these concerns from the legal and…

  17. IJEPA: Gray Area for Health Policy and International Nurse Migration.

    PubMed

    Efendi, Ferry; Mackey, Timothy Ken; Huang, Mei-Chih; Chen, Ching-Min

    2017-05-01

    Indonesia is recognized as a nurse exporting country, with policies that encourage nursing professionals to emigrate abroad. This includes the country's adoption of international principles attempting to protect Indonesian nurses that emigrate as well as the country's own participation in a bilateral trade and investment agreement, known as the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement that facilitates Indonesian nurse migration to Japan. Despite the potential trade and employment benefits from sending nurses abroad under the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, Indonesia itself is suffering from a crisis in nursing capacity and ensuring adequate healthcare access for its own populations. This represents a distinct challenge for Indonesia in appropriately balancing domestic health workforce needs, employment, and training opportunities for Indonesian nurses, and the need to acknowledge the rights of nurses to freely migrate abroad. Hence, this article reviews the complex operational and ethical issues associated with Indonesian health worker migration under the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement. It also introduces a policy proposal to improve performance of the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement and better align it with international principles focused on equitable health worker migration.

  18. Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: agreement across different medical and surgical specialties.

    PubMed

    Arana, Estanislao; Kovacs, Francisco M; Royuela, Ana; Asenjo, Beatriz; Pérez-Ramírez, Úrsula; Zamora, Javier

    2016-05-01

    Spinal instability is an acknowledged complication of spinal metastases; in spite of recent suggested criteria, it is not clearly defined in the literature. This study aimed to assess intra and interobserver agreement when using the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) by all physicians involved in its management. Independent multicenter reliability study for the recently created SINS, undertaken with a panel of medical oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiation oncologists, was carried out. Ninety patients with biopsy-proven spinal metastases and magnetic resonance imaging, reviewed at the multidisciplinary tumor board of our institution, were included. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for SINS score agreement. Fleiss kappa statistic was used to assess agreement on the location of the most affected vertebral level; agreement on the SINS category ("stable," "potentially stable," or "unstable"); and overall agreement with the classification established by tumor board. Clinical data and imaging were provided to 83 specialists in 44 hospitals across 14 Spanish regions. No assessment criteria were pre-established. Each clinician assessed the SINS score twice, with a minimum 6-week interval. Clinicians were blinded to assessments made by other specialists and to their own previous assessment. Subgroup analyses were performed by clinicians' specialty, experience (≤7, 8-13, ≥14 years), and hospital category (four levels according to size and complexity). This study was supported by Kovacs Foundation. Intra and interobserver agreement on the location of the most affected levels was "almost perfect" (κ>0.94). Intra-observer agreement on the SINS score was "excellent" (ICC=0.77), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (ICC=0.55). Intra-observer agreement in SINS category was "substantial" (k=0.61), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (k=0.42). Overall agreement with the tumor board classification was "substantial" (κ=0.61). Results were similar across specialties, years of experience, and hospital category. Agreement on the assessment of metastatic spine instability is moderate. The SINS can help improve communication among clinicians in oncology care. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Negotiating the sale and purchase of landfill gas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Opdahl, C.D.

    1995-08-01

    This paper discusses many of the business and legal issues which may be encountered in negotiating an agreement for the sale and purchase of landfill gas. A landfill gas sale and purchase contract is really three different agreements wrapped up into one. First, it is a purchase agreement. As a purchase agreement it specifies the parties` obligations about the quantity and quality of the commodity being purchased and sold. It also sets forth the price to be paid for the commodity, payment terms, warranty provisions, indemnification obligations and other matters commonly found in purchase and sale transactions. Second, a landfillmore » gas sale and purchase agreement is a construction agreement. As a construction agreement it obligates the parties to each construct a facility, one facility to collect the gas and the other to generate electricity from consumption of the gas. It also should require the construction of the projects in accordance with approved plans and specifications, in a timely manner and in accordance with applicable laws and ordinances. Third, a landfill gas sale and purchase agreement is a lease or easement agreement. As a lease or easement agreement it requires one party to grant use of a portion of its property to the other party. Also, it sets out the circumstances which will allow landowner to extinguish the right to use or occupy its property, as well as any rights of the land user to maintain or have rights to access to the property and any rights of first refusal. In certain instances it might provide for the grant of security interests as to one of the party`s assets or the entire facility. This paper discusses how these three types of agreements are combined in a single agreement.« less

  20. Processing subject-verb agreement in a second language depends on proficiency

    PubMed Central

    Hoshino, Noriko; Dussias, Paola E.; Kroll, Judith F.

    2010-01-01

    Subject-verb agreement is a computation that is often difficult to execute perfectly in the first language (L1) and even more difficult to produce skillfully in a second language (L2). In this study, we examined the way in which bilingual speakers complete sentence fragments in a manner that reflects access to both grammatical and conceptual number. In two experiments, we show that bilingual speakers are sensitive to both grammatical and conceptual number in the L1 and grammatical number agreement in the L2. However, only highly proficient bilinguals are also sensitive to conceptual number in the L2. The results suggest that the extent to which speakers are able to exploit conceptual information during speech planning depends on the level of language proficiency. PMID:20640178

  1. 23 CFR 450.314 - Metropolitan planning agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... among the State department of transportation, State air quality agency, affected local agencies, and the... within the nonattainment or maintenance area. The agreement must also indicate how the total... the designated agency for air quality planning under section 174 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7504...

  2. Provision for Community College Faculty Development in Collective Bargaining Agreements

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wallace, Terry H. Smith

    1976-01-01

    Trends of collective negotiations were examined as they affect inservice education, through an examination of collective bargaining agreements. Conclusion: the trend is presently one of negotiation of provisions in a piecemeal fashion rather than one with the goal of establishing comprehensive professional improvement programs. (Editor/JT)

  3. 24 CFR 572.225 - Grant agreements; corrective and remedial actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERSHIP OF SINGLE FAMILY HOMES PROGRAM (HOPE 3) Grants § 572.225 Grant agreements; corrective and remedial actions. (a) Terms and... not incurring further costs for the affected activities; (iv) Reimbursing its HOPE 3 program account...

  4. 22 CFR 181.1 - Purpose and application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., will not give rise to a cause of action, and will not affect any public or private rights established... Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS COORDINATION, REPORTING AND PUBLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS § 181.1 Purpose and application. (a) The purpose of this part is to implement the...

  5. 12 CFR 725.20 - Repayment, security and credit reporting agreements; other terms and conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Repayment, security and credit reporting agreements; other terms and conditions. 725.20 Section 725.20 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION CENTRAL LIQUIDITY...

  6. 48 CFR 42.1202 - Responsibility for executing agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Novation and Change-of-Name... processing and executing novation and change-of-name agreements shall be determined as follows: (a) If any of... ACO responsible for the corporate office, if affected contracts are in more than one plant or division...

  7. 48 CFR 42.1202 - Responsibility for executing agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Novation and Change-of-Name... processing and executing novation and change-of-name agreements shall be determined as follows: (a) If any of... ACO responsible for the corporate office, if affected contracts are in more than one plant or division...

  8. 48 CFR 42.1202 - Responsibility for executing agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Novation and Change-of-Name... processing and executing novation and change-of-name agreements shall be determined as follows: (a) If any of... ACO responsible for the corporate office, if affected contracts are in more than one plant or division...

  9. 48 CFR 42.1202 - Responsibility for executing agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Novation and Change-of-Name... processing and executing novation and change-of-name agreements shall be determined as follows: (a) If any of... ACO responsible for the corporate office, if affected contracts are in more than one plant or division...

  10. 48 CFR 42.1202 - Responsibility for executing agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Novation and Change-of-Name... processing and executing novation and change-of-name agreements shall be determined as follows: (a) If any of... ACO responsible for the corporate office, if affected contracts are in more than one plant or division...

  11. ESO Welcomes Finland as Eleventh Member State

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cesarsky, C.

    2004-09-01

    In early July, Finland joined ESO as the eleventh member state, following the completion of the formal accession procedure. Before this event, however, Finland and ESO had been in contact for a long time. Under an agreement with Sweden, Finnish astronomers had for quite a while enjoyed access to the SEST at La Silla. Finland had also been a very active participant in ESO's educational activities since they began in 1993. It became clear, that science and technology, as well as education, were priority areas for the Finnish government.

  12. Human rights of children with intellectual disabilities: comparing self-ratings and proxy ratings.

    PubMed

    Huus, K; Granlund, M; Bornman, J; Lygnegård, F

    2015-11-01

    A child rights-based approach to research articulates well with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and highlights the importance and value of including children's own views about aspects that concern them. The aim of this study is to compare children with intellectual disability's own ratings (as self-raters) to those of their primary caregivers (as proxy raters) regarding human rights of children. The study also aims to establish whether there is an inter-rater agreement between the self-raters and proxy raters concerning Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This study is nested in a larger study examining the human rights of children with intellectual disability in South Africa. In total, 162 children with intellectual disability from 11 schools across three provinces and their primary caregivers participated by answering parts of a Children's Rights Questionnaire (CRQ) developed by the researchers based on the United Nation's CRC. We compared the answers for six questions in the questionnaire that were addressed to self-raters (children) and proxy raters (primary caregivers) in the same way. Questions regarding basic needs, such as access to clean water or whether the child had food to eat at home, were answered similarly by self-raters and proxy raters. Larger differences were found when self-raters and proxy raters were asked about whether the child had things or friends to play with at home. Socio-economic variables seemed to affect whether self-raters and proxy raters answered similarly. The results underscore the importance of promoting children's rights to express themselves by considering the opinions of both the children as self-raters and their primary caregivers as proxy raters - not only the latter. The results indicate that it is especially important to include children's own voices when more complex needs are surveyed. Agreement between self- and proxy ratings could be affected by socio-economic circumstances. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  13. Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bailey, Paul E.; Hubert, W.A.

    2003-01-01

    High-mountain lakes provide important fisheries in the Rocky Mountains; therefore we sought to gain an understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, accessibility to anglers, stocking rates, and features of stocks of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in high-mountain lakes of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming. We sampled fish with experimental gill nets, measured lake habitat features, and calculated factors affecting angler access among 19 lakes that lacked sufficient natural reproduction to support salmonid fisheries and that were stocked at 1-, 2-, or 4-year intervals with fingerling cutthroat trout. We found that angler accessibility was probably the primary factor affecting stock structure, whereas stocking rates affected the densities of cutthroat trout among lakes. The maximum number of years survived after stocking appeared to have the greatest affect on biomass and population structure. Our findings suggest that control of harvest and manipulation of stocking densities can affect the density, biomass, and structure of cutthroat trout stocks in high-elevation lakes.

  14. An evaluation of the Public Health Responsibility Deal: Informants' experiences and views of the development, implementation and achievements of a pledge-based, public-private partnership to improve population health in England.

    PubMed

    Durand, Mary Alison; Petticrew, Mark; Goulding, Lucy; Eastmure, Elizabeth; Knai, Cecile; Mays, Nicholas

    2015-11-01

    The Coalition Government's Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD) was launched in England in 2011 as a public-private partnership designed to improve public health in the areas of food, alcohol, health at work and physical activity. As part of a larger evaluation, we explored informants' experiences and views about the RD's development, implementation and achievements. We conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with 50 interviewees, purposively sampled from: RD partners (businesses, public sector and non-governmental organisations); individuals with formal roles in implementing the RD; and non-partners and former partners. Data were analysed thematically: NVivo (10) software was employed to manage the data. Key motivations underpinning participation were corporate social responsibility and reputational enhancement. Being a partner often involved making pledges related to work already underway or planned before joining the RD, suggesting limited 'added value' from the RD, although some pledge achievements (e.g., food reformulation) were described. Benefits included access to government, while drawbacks included resource implications and the risk of an 'uneven playing field' between partners and non-partners. To ensure that voluntary agreements like the RD produce gains to public health that would not otherwise have occurred, government needs to: increase participation and compliance through incentives and sanctions, including those affecting organisational reputation; create greater visibility of voluntary agreements; and increase scrutiny and monitoring of partners' pledge activities. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Negative Emissions Technologies, the Paris Agreement, and the Need for a Human-Rights Based Approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burns, W. C. G.

    2016-12-01

    The new Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change contemplates that its prospective Parties will balance emissions and sinks by 2050 as a means to effectuate the goal of holding temperature increases to well below 2°C from pre-industrial levels, as well as the more aspirational goal of holding temperature increases to 1.5°C. Most of the IPCC's AR5 scenarios that achieve these objectives contemplate the large-scale deployment of so-called "negative emissions technologies," with an emphasis on bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and to a lesser degree afforestation. BECCS could assuredly help society avoid passing critical climatic thresholds, or address overshoot scenarios in this century and beyond. However, it could also profound implications for food production, the status of forests, access to lands for livelihoods by vulnerable populations, and the integrity of critical ecosystems. This, in turn could have serious ramifications for human rights of some of the world's most vulnerable populations, including the rights to food, water, livelihoods and the benefits of biodiversity. The Preamble to the Paris Agreement acknowledges the need to take into consideration the potential impact of responses to climate change, providing that "Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights." This presentation will outline how application of a human rights-based approach to assessing such options could help to reconcile the objectives of ameliorating potential climatic impacts while protecting the human rights of potentially affected individuals and groups. This will include the potential role of Human Rights Impacts Assessments and potential configuration of HRIAs at the national and international level. It will also briefly suggest how to operationalize this approach within the Paris Agreement framework, including institutional considerations, such as coordination with international human rights bodies. Finally, the presentation will suggest how the human rights-based framework might be applied in the context of other negative emissions technologies, including Direct Air Capture and silicate and carbon weathering.

  16. 76 FR 43726 - Solicitation for a Cooperative Agreement: Developing a Method for Conducting an Internal...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-21

    ... domains, such as leadership, external collaboration, management and operations, sanctions, assessment and... concise and accessible format provides an opportunity for agency leadership and management to assess... Audience: The primary audience for this product is the leadership and management of correctional...

  17. 32 CFR 34.31 - Requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Requirements. 34.31 Section 34.31 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS... provision permitting access of the Department of Defense, the Comptroller General of the United States, or...

  18. 32 CFR 34.31 - Requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Requirements. 34.31 Section 34.31 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS... provision permitting access of the Department of Defense, the Comptroller General of the United States, or...

  19. 32 CFR 34.31 - Requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Requirements. 34.31 Section 34.31 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS... provision permitting access of the Department of Defense, the Comptroller General of the United States, or...

  20. 32 CFR 34.31 - Requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Requirements. 34.31 Section 34.31 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS... provision permitting access of the Department of Defense, the Comptroller General of the United States, or...

  1. 32 CFR 34.31 - Requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Requirements. 34.31 Section 34.31 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS... provision permitting access of the Department of Defense, the Comptroller General of the United States, or...

  2. 76 FR 82293 - Combined Notice of Filings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-30

    ... that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-254-000. Applicants: Gas Transmission Northwest LLC. Description: Pacific Gas and Electric Agreement to be effective 1/ 1/2012. Filed Date: 12/20/11. Accession...

  3. A Digital Library in the Mid-Nineties, Ahead or On Schedule?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dijkstra, Joost

    1994-01-01

    Discussion of the future possibilities of digital library systems highlights digital projects developed at Tilburg University (Netherlands). Topics addressed include online access to databases; electronic document delivery; agreements between libraries and Elsevier Science publishers to provide journal articles; full text document delivery; and…

  4. Office of Satellite and Product Operations - POES

    Science.gov Websites

    ; Strategy » International Agreements » POES Current » GOES Current History » History in Images » POES History » GOES History OSPO Information » Access and Distribution Policy » Organization Chart Â

  5. 14 CFR 1274.942 - Export licenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... appropriate licenses or other approvals, if required, for exports of hardware, technical data, and software... installation], where the foreign person will have access to export-controlled technical data or software. (c... software) pursuant to the exemption at 22 CFR 125.4(b)(3). The Agreement Officer or designated...

  6. 10 CFR 50.37 - Agreement limiting access to Classified Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Section 50.37 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DOMESTIC LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION... or the issuance of a license, construction permit, early site permit, or standard design approval, or before the Commission has adopted a final standard design certification rule under part 52 of this...

  7. 78 FR 37228 - Cooperative Agreement To Support the Western Center for Food Safety

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ... Davis main campus and experimental stations provide invaluable access to one of the leading food... sites for experimental trials is instrumental to FDA receiving the most current scientifically validated... facilitate industry compliance with preventive control standards. Information gleaned from this research has...

  8. 77 FR 19657 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-02

    ... Power Company. Description: Local Service Agreement with Templeton Municipal Light Plant to be effective... Numbers: ER12-726-001. Applicants: Spring Valley Wind LLC. Description: Supplement to Amended Application for Market-Based Rate Authority of Spring Valley Wind LLC. Filed Date: 3/21/12. Accession Number...

  9. 45 CFR 149.700 - Change of ownership requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 149.700 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EARLY RETIREE REINSURANCE PROGRAM Change of Ownership Requirements § 149.700... liability for health benefits, the existing sponsor agreement is automatically assigned to the new owner. (e...

  10. 45 CFR 149.700 - Change of ownership requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 149.700 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EARLY RETIREE REINSURANCE PROGRAM Change of Ownership Requirements § 149.700... liability for health benefits, the existing sponsor agreement is automatically assigned to the new owner. (e...

  11. 75 FR 26209 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-11

    .... Applicants: Ameren Energy Marketing Company. Description: Ameren Energy Marketing Company submits tariff filing per 35.12: Ameren Energy Marketing Company Market Based Rate Schedule to be effective 4/30/2010... Cost-Based Sales Agreement with City of Mount Dora, FL. Filed Date: 04/30/2010. Accession Number...

  12. 45 CFR 149.35 - Requirements to participate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and any documents or data to substantiate the implementation of the policies and procedures and their... Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS... agreement with its health insurance issuer (as defined in 45 CFR 160.103) or employment-based plan (as...

  13. 45 CFR 149.35 - Requirements to participate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and any documents or data to substantiate the implementation of the policies and procedures and their... Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS... agreement with its health insurance issuer (as defined in 45 CFR 160.103) or employment-based plan (as...

  14. Psycho-social factors determining success in high-performance triathlon: compared perception in the coach-athlete pair.

    PubMed

    Ruiz-Tendero, Germán; Salinero Martín, Juan José

    2012-12-01

    High-level sport can be analyzed using the complex system model, in which performance is constrained by many factors. Coaches' and athletes' perceptions of important positive and negative factors affecting performance were compared. Participants were 48 high-level international triathletes (n = 34) and their coaches (n = 14). They were personally interviewed via a questionnaire designed by four accredited experts, who selected groups of both positive and negative factors affecting performance. A list of factors was developed, in order of greater to lesser importance in the opinion of athletes and coaches, for subsequent analysis. Two ranked lists (positive and negative factors) indicated that athletes appear to rate personal environment factors (family, teammates, lack of support from relatives) higher, while the coaches tended to give more importance to technical and institutional aspects (institutional support, coach, medical support). There was complete agreement between coaches and triathletes about the top five positive factors. Negative factor agreement was somewhat lower (agreement on 3/5 factors). The most important positive factor for coaches and athletes was "dedication/engagement," while the most important factor adversely affecting performance was "injuries".

  15. Patents, pills and politics: the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

    PubMed

    Harvey, Ken

    2004-11-08

    There is tension between the need of the pharmaceutical innovator for intellectual property protection and the need of society for equitable and affordable access to innovative drugs. The recent Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement provides a nice illustration of this interplay between patents, pills and politics. This article provides a brief history of patent law as applied to pharmaceuticals, describes how the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme got caught up in AUSFTA negotiations, analyses the clauses that are likely to impact upon the PBS and describes the political process that reviewed and ultimately amended the AUSFTA.

  16. Direct access: factors that affect physical therapist practice in the state of Ohio.

    PubMed

    McCallum, Christine A; DiAngelis, Tom

    2012-05-01

    Direct access to physical therapist services is permitted by law in the majority of states and across all practice settings. Ohio enacted such legislation in 2004; however, it was unknown how direct access had affected actual clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to describe physical therapist and physical therapist practice environment factors that affect direct access practice. A 2-phase, mixed-method descriptive study was conducted. In the first phase, focus group interviews with 32 purposively selected physical therapists were completed, which resulted in 8 themes for an electronically distributed questionnaire. In the second phase, survey questionnaires were distributed to physical therapists with an e-mail address on file with the Ohio licensing board. An adjusted return rate of 23% was achieved. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. A constant comparative method assessed open-ended questions for common themes and patterns. Thirty-one percent of the respondents reported using direct access in physical therapist practice; however, 80% reported they would practice direct access if provided the opportunity. Physical therapists who practiced direct access were more likely to be in practice 6 years or more and hold advanced degrees beyond the entry level, were American Physical Therapy Association members, and had supportive management and organizational practice policies. The direct access physical therapist practice was generally a locally owned suburban private practice or a school-based clinic that saw approximately 6% to 10% of its patients by direct access. The majority of patients treated were adults with musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairments. Nonresponse from e-mail may be associated with sample frame bias. Implementation of a direct access physical therapist practice model is evident in Ohio. Factors related to reimbursement and organizational policy appear to impede the process.

  17. Children's Access to Public Library Services: Prince George's County Memorial Public Library, Maryland, 1980.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerhardt, Lillian N.

    1981-01-01

    Evaluates the Prince George's County Memorial Public Library's approach to providing access to its services for children, and examines policies, regulations, practices, and conditions that affect such access. Six references are cited. (FM)

  18. Late L2ers can acquire grammatical features that do not occur in their L1: Evidence from the effect of animacy on verb agreement in L1 Chinese.

    PubMed

    Lempert, Henrietta

    2016-05-01

    Second language (L2) learners often have persistent difficulty with agreement between the number of the subject and the number of the verb. This study tested whether deviant L2 verb number agreement reflects maturational constraints on acquiring new grammatical features or resource limitations that impede access to the representations of L2 grammatical features. L1-Chinese undergraduate students at three age of arrival (AoA) levels were tested for online verb agreement accuracy by completing preambles in three animacy combinations: animate-inanimate [AI; e.g., The officer(s) from the station(s)], inanimate-animate [IA; e.g., The letters from the lawyer(s)], and inanimate-inanimate [II; e.g., The poster(s) from the museum(s)]. AI should be less costly to process than IA or II sequences, because animacy supports the subject in AI but competes with the subject for control of agreement in IA sequences, and is neutralized in II. Agreement accuracy was greater overall for AI than for IA or II, and although an AoA-related increase in erroneous agreement after plural subjects occurred for IA and II, there were no AoA effects for AI. Higher scores on memory tasks were associated with greater agreement accuracy, and the memory tasks significantly predicted variance in erroneous agreement when AoA was partialed out. The fact that even late learners can do verb agreement in the case of AI demonstrates that they can acquire new grammatical features. The greater difficulty with agreement in the case of IA or II than of AI, in conjunction with the results for the memory tasks, supports the resource limitation hypothesis.

  19. Participating in commercial space ventures: Introduction to NASA Centers for the Commercial Development of Space and the Cooperative Agreements Programs

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    In response to a Presidential directive, NASA has implemented a space policy which actively supports and encourages U.S. industry investment and participation in commercial space ventures. NASA's Office of Commercial Programs (OCP) has played a significant role in stimulating the growth of commercial space activity. Through a variety of programs, OCP encourages commercial interest and involvement in space endeavors by providing access to NASA resources and opportunities for the emerging space industry to reduce the technical, financial, and business risks associated with space-related activities. This manual describes NASA's Commercial Uses of Space Program and introduces participants to four major OCP Commercial programs: Technology Utilization (TU), Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR), Centers for the Commercial Development of Space Flight Agreement (CCDSFA), and Cooperative Agreements Programs. The objective of this manual is to assist U.S. industry identify and pursue the appropriate agreement for participation in a commercial space venture.

  20. Inter-Coder Agreement in One-to-Many Classification: Fuzzy Kappa.

    PubMed

    Kirilenko, Andrei P; Stepchenkova, Svetlana

    2016-01-01

    Content analysis involves classification of textual, visual, or audio data. The inter-coder agreement is estimated by making two or more coders to classify the same data units, with subsequent comparison of their results. The existing methods of agreement estimation, e.g., Cohen's kappa, require that coders place each unit of content into one and only one category (one-to-one coding) from the pre-established set of categories. However, in certain data domains (e.g., maps, photographs, databases of texts and images), this requirement seems overly restrictive. The restriction could be lifted, provided that there is a measure to calculate the inter-coder agreement in the one-to-many protocol. Building on the existing approaches to one-to-many coding in geography and biomedicine, such measure, fuzzy kappa, which is an extension of Cohen's kappa, is proposed. It is argued that the measure is especially compatible with data from certain domains, when holistic reasoning of human coders is utilized in order to describe the data and access the meaning of communication.

  1. The Use of Surrogate and Patient-Relevant Endpoints in Outcomes-Based Market Access Agreements : Current Debate.

    PubMed

    Toumi, Mondher; Jarosławski, Szymon; Sawada, Toyohiro; Kornfeld, Åsa

    2017-02-01

    The high cost of novel treatments is the major driver of negative or restricted reimbursement decisions by healthcare payers in many countries. Costly drugs can be subject to Market Access Agreements (MAAs), which are financial (Commercial Agreements [CAs]) or outcomes-based (Payment for Performance Agreements [P4Ps] or Coverage with Evidence Development agreements [CEDs]). Outcomes in outcomes-based MAAs are assessed through changes in surrogate endpoints (SEPs) or patient-relevant endpoints (PEPs). In May 2015, we reviewed published and grey literature on MAAs between manufacturers and large, institutionalised payers from all geographical areas, and classified the schemes into CAs, P4Ps and CEDs, as well as by therapeutic area and country. Outcomes-based MAAs were further categorized by the endpoint used. Overall, we identified 143 MAAs, 56 (39.2 %) of which were pure CAs, 53 (37.1 %) were CEDs, and 34 (23.8 %) were P4Ps. Among the CEDs, 49 were PEP CEDs and four were SEP CEDs; of the 34 P4Ps, 29 were SEP P4Ps for 30 drugs, and five were PEP P4Ps for at least six drugs; and among 87 outcomes-based MAAs (CEDs + P4Ps), PEP CEDs were the most common (56.3 %), followed by SEP P4Ps (34.1 %). The high proportion of SEPs used in P4Ps contrasts with the high proportion of PEPs used in CEDs. CEDs employ PEPs and it appears that they are used to reduce uncertainty about a drug's clinical outcomes and/or real-life use, and thus allow payers to align a product's value with price. We argue that P4Ps do not reduce uncertainty about real-life effectiveness and can only constitute an outcome guarantee for payers if they are based on PEPs or validated SEPs.

  2. Compulsory Licenses for Cancer Drugs: Does Circumventing Patent Rights Improve Access to Oncology Medications?

    PubMed Central

    Bognar, Cinthia Leite Frizzera Borges; Bychkovsky, Brittany L.

    2016-01-01

    Worldwide, there are enormous inequities in cancer control that cause poor outcomes among patients with cancer who live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). One of the biggest challenges that oncology faces today is how to increase patient access to expensive, but life-saving, therapies in LMICs. Access to cancer medications in LMICs is a major problem, especially in recent years, as the costs of these therapies continue to rise exponentially. One mechanism available to LMICs to improve access to cancer medications allows a country to pursue a compulsory license for a given drug. Here, we will review how the legal framework in the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and the Doha Declaration supports countries to circumvent patent laws and acquire compulsory licenses for essential medicines. We will also discuss the current and future role of compulsory licenses in oncology and how compulsory licenses may improve access to cancer drugs in LMICs. PMID:28717715

  3. Debate: Limitations on universality: the "right to health" and the necessity of legal nationality

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background The "right to health," including access to basic healthcare, has been recognized as a universal human right through a number of international agreements. Attempts to protect this ideal, however, have relied on states as the guarantor of rights and have subsequently ignored stateless individuals, or those lacking legal nationality in any nation-state. While a legal nationality alone is not sufficient to guarantee that a right to healthcare is accessible, an absence of any legal nationality is almost certainly an obstacle in most cases. There are millions of so-called stateless individuals around the globe who are, in effect, denied medical citizenship in their countries of residence. A central motivating factor for this essay is the fact that statelessness as a concept is largely absent from the medical literature. The goal for this discussion, therefore, is primarily to illustrate the need for further monitoring of health access issues by the medical community, and for a great deal more research into the effects of statelessness upon access to healthcare. This is important both as a theoretical issue, in light of the recognition by many of healthcare as a universal right, as well as an empirical fact that requires further exploration and amelioration. Discussion Most discussions of the human right to health assume that every human being has legal nationality, but in reality there are at least 11 to 12 million stateless individuals worldwide who are often unable to access basic healthcare. The examples of the Roma in Europe, the hill tribes of Thailand, and many Palestinians in Israel highlight the negative health impacts associated with statelessness. Summary Stateless individuals often face an inability to access the most basic healthcare, much less the "highest attainable standard of health" outlined by international agreements. Rather than presuming nationality, statelessness must be recognized by the medical community. Additionally, it is imperative that stateless populations be recognized, the health of these populations be tracked, and more research conducted to further elaborate upon the connection between statelessness and access to healthcare services, and hence a universal right to health. PMID:20525334

  4. 78 FR 70548 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER10-1246-006; ER10... Agreements Re-Collation Part 1 to be effective 11/20/2013. Filed Date: 11/19/13. Accession Number: 20131119...

  5. 78 FR 15362 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice.... Applicants: Trans Bay Cable LLC. Description: Revised Annual TRBAA Update to be effective 1/1/2013. Filed... Corcoran E&P Agreement to be effective 1/3/2012. Filed Date: 2/25/13. Accession Number: 20130225-5000...

  6. Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-11-25

    22 Insurance ...accelerated its longstanding efforts to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council by forming a coalition with Germany , India... Insurance Market access in Japan for U.S. and other foreign insurance providers has been the subject of bilateral trade agreements and discussion for some

  7. 17 CFR 9.7 - Settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 9.7 Section 9.7... DISCIPLINARY, ACCESS DENIAL OR OTHER ADVERSE ACTIONS General Provisions § 9.7 Settlement. At any time before... accordance with § 9.20, the parties may file a stipulation for dismissal based on a settlement agreement...

  8. 12 CFR 205.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... device means a card, code, or other means of access to a consumer's account, or any combination thereof... of the consumer's wages, salary, or other employee compensation (such as commissions), are made on a... agreement. (c) Act means the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (title IX of the Consumer Credit Protection Act...

  9. 23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

  10. 23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

  11. 23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

  12. 23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

  13. 75 FR 79360 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 December 7... submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii): BPA Two-way Operation and Maintenance Agreement to be... Tariff, to be effective 2/6/2011. Filed Date: 12/07/2010 Accession Number: 20101207-5114. Comment Date: 5...

  14. 77 FR 13121 - Solar Energy Industries Association: Notice of Petition for Rulemaking

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... its small generator interconnection rules and procedures \\1\\ for solar electric generation. \\1\\ Standardization of Small Generator Interconnection Agreements and Procedures, Order No. 2006, FERC Stats. & Regs... First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426. This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov , using...

  15. 15 CFR 960.8 - Notification of foreign agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... THE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.8... Secretary; (2) The obligations of the licensee to provide access to data for the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive; and (3) The obligations of the licensee to convey to the foreign party the...

  16. 15 CFR 960.8 - Notification of foreign agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... THE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.8... Secretary; (2) The obligations of the licensee to provide access to data for the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive; and (3) The obligations of the licensee to convey to the foreign party the...

  17. 15 CFR 960.8 - Notification of foreign agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... THE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.8... Secretary; (2) The obligations of the licensee to provide access to data for the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive; and (3) The obligations of the licensee to convey to the foreign party the...

  18. 15 CFR 960.8 - Notification of foreign agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... THE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.8... Secretary; (2) The obligations of the licensee to provide access to data for the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive; and (3) The obligations of the licensee to convey to the foreign party the...

  19. 28 CFR 115.53 - Inmate access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by giving inmates mailing... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in accordance with...

  20. 28 CFR 115.53 - Inmate access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by giving inmates mailing... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in accordance with...

  1. 28 CFR 115.53 - Inmate access to outside confidential support services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... outside victim advocates for emotional support services related to sexual abuse by giving inmates mailing... confidential emotional support services related to sexual abuse. The agency shall maintain copies of agreements... monitored and the extent to which reports of abuse will be forwarded to authorities in accordance with...

  2. 10 CFR 603.875 - Foreign access to technology and U.S. competitiveness provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Related to Other Administrative Matters Intellectual Property § 603.875... through the use of, any created intellectual property, will be manufactured substantially in the United... property counsel, may waive or modify the requirement of substantial manufacture in the United States at...

  3. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Contour Charts - Office of Satellite and

    Science.gov Websites

    Mission & Strategy » International Agreements » POES Current » GOES Current History » History in Images » POES History » GOES History OSPO Information » Access and Distribution Policy » Organization

  4. 76 FR 34639 - Funding Opportunity Title: Risk Management Education and Outreach Partnerships Program...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-14

    ... partnership agreements program is to deliver crop insurance education and risk management training to U.S... economic stability of American agriculture. On behalf of FCIC, RMA does this by offering Federal crop... programs, offering programs aimed at equal access and participation of underserved communities, and...

  5. 77 FR 55492 - Mortgagee Review Board: Administrative Actions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-10

    ...; telephone (202) 708-2224 (this is not a toll-free number). Persons with hearing or speech impairments may access this number through TTY by calling the toll-free Federal Information Service at (800) 877-8339... to December 31, 2011. I. Settlement Agreements, Civil Money Penalties, Withdrawals of FHA Approval...

  6. 77 FR 59920 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    .... Description: Compliance Filing for Service Agreement No. 324, Foothills Solar LGIA to be effective 8/30/2012... Solar Project to be effective 9/25/2012. Filed Date: 9/24/12. Accession Number: 20120924-5056. Comments... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice...

  7. Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Child Development.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bornstein, Marc H., Ed.; Bradley, Robert H., Ed.

    Noting that there is near universal agreement that children from families with higher socioeconomic status (SES) have access to more of the resources needed to support their positive development than do lower SES children, this monograph examines the myriad questions remaining regarding relations among SES, parenting, and child development from a…

  8. 14 CFR § 1260.31 - National security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false National security. § 1260.31 Section Â... AGREEMENTS General Provisions § 1260.31 National security. National Security October 2000 Normally, NASA... performing on the grant who will have access to the information must obtain the appropriate security...

  9. 77 FR 20812 - Combined Notice of Filings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-06

    ...: Trailblazer Pipeline Company LLC. Description: Negotiated Rate Filing--United Energy to be effective 4/1/2012... Company, LP. Description: Sequent 39412 Negotiated Rate Agreement Filing to be effective 4/1/2012. Filed... Energy Company FA0845 to be effective 4/1/ 2012. Filed Date: 3/29/12. Accession Number: 20120329-5032...

  10. 77 FR 19657 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-02

    ... Power Supply Cooperative, Inc. Filed Date: 3/16/12. Accession Number: 20120316-5102. Comments Due: 5 p.m... their Application for Approval under Section 203 of the Federal Power Act and Request for Expedited... Filing, Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority Letter Agreement to be effective N/A. Filed Date: 3/20/12...

  11. 75 FR 9889 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-04

    .... Docket Numbers: ER09-1723-007. Applicants: Dry Lake Wind Power, LLC. Description: Refund Report of Dry Lake Wind Power, LLC. Filed Date: 02/22/2010. Accession Number: 20100222-5142. Comment Date: 5 p.m... corrected Amended and Restated Interconnection and Operating Agreement with Crownbutte Wind Power, Inc etc...

  12. 76 FR 30329 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-25

    ...: Termination of Morgantown POD Construction Agreement to be effective 7/ 4/2011. Filed Date: 05/18/2011... Filing in Response to the September 3, 2010 Order Approving Petition and Directing Compliance Filing.... The filings in the above proceedings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on...

  13. 34 CFR 691.8 - Enrollment status for students taking regular and correspondence courses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) AND NATIONAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS ACCESS TO RETAIN TALENT GRANT (NATIONAL SMART GRANT) PROGRAMS Scope, Purpose, and General Definitions § 691.8 Enrollment status for students taking regular and... either his or her own institution or another institution having an agreement for this purpose with the...

  14. 76 FR 71006 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-16

    .... Applicants: PJM Interconnection, LLC. Description: Queue Position W2-040; Original Service Agreement No. 3097... Date: 5 p.m. ET on 11/28/2011. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by... the above proceedings must file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Regulations...

  15. Education and Poverty in Affluent Countries. Routledge Research in Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Raffo, Carlo, Ed.; Dyson, Alan, Ed.; Gunter, Helen, Ed.; Hall, Dave, Ed.; Jones, Lisa, Ed.; Kalambouka, Afroditi, Ed.

    2011-01-01

    For the first time, researchers, policymakers and practitioners across the world will have access to a comprehensive mapping of research evidence and policy strategies about education and poverty in affluent countries. Although there is widespread agreement that poverty and poor educational outcomes are related, there are competing explanations as…

  16. Aldrin and dieldrin: a review of research on their production, environmental deposition and fate, bioaccumulation, toxicology, and epidemiology in the United States.

    PubMed Central

    Jorgenson, J L

    2001-01-01

    In the last decade four international agreements have focused on a group of chemical substances known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Global agreement on the reduction and eventual elimination of these substances by banning their production and trade is a long-term goal. Negotiations for these agreements have focused on the need to correlate data from scientists working on soil and water sampling and air pollution monitoring. Toxicologists and epidemiologists have focused on wildlife and human health effects and understanding patterns of disease requires better access to these data. In the last 20 years, substantial databases have been created and now are becoming available on the Internet. This review is a detailed examination of 2 of the 12 POPs, aldrin and dieldrin, and how scientific groups identify and measure their effects. It draws on research findings from a variety of environmental monitoring networks in the United States. An overview of the ecologic and health effects of aldrin and dieldrin provides examples of how to streamline some of the programs and improve access to mutually useful scientific data. The research groups are located in many government departments, universities, and private organizations. Identifying databases can provide an "information accelerator" useful to a larger audience and can help build better plant and animal research models across scientific fields. PMID:11250811

  17. 32 CFR 37.605 - What is the general policy on participants' financial, property, and purchasing systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...' financial, property, and purchasing systems? 37.605 Section 37.605 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Affecting Participants' Financial, Property, and Purchasing Systems § 37.605 What is the...

  18. Frontage Roads in Texas: Legal Issues, Operational Issues, and Land Use Distinctions

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-08-01

    This research project investigates frontage roads as an element of limited-access highway design. The discussion in this paper reviews legal statutes affecting public access to roadways, summarizes studies on access-right valuation, and considers a v...

  19. 25 CFR 1000.335 - How will retrocession affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... existing and future AFAs? 1000.335 Section 1000.335 Indians OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT... affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs? Retrocession does not affect other parts of the...

  20. 25 CFR 1000.335 - How will retrocession affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... existing and future AFAs? 1000.335 Section 1000.335 Indians OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT... affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs? Retrocession does not affect other parts of the...

  1. 25 CFR 1000.335 - How will retrocession affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... existing and future AFAs? 1000.335 Section 1000.335 Indians OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT... affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs? Retrocession does not affect other parts of the...

  2. 25 CFR 1000.335 - How will retrocession affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... existing and future AFAs? 1000.335 Section 1000.335 Indians OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT... affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs? Retrocession does not affect other parts of the...

  3. 25 CFR 1000.335 - How will retrocession affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... existing and future AFAs? 1000.335 Section 1000.335 Indians OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT... affect the Tribe's/Consortium's existing and future AFAs? Retrocession does not affect other parts of the...

  4. Access and completion of a Web-based treatment in a population-based sample of tornado-affected adolescents.

    PubMed

    Price, Matthew; Yuen, Erica K; Davidson, Tatiana M; Hubel, Grace; Ruggiero, Kenneth J

    2015-08-01

    Although Web-based treatments have significant potential to assess and treat difficult-to-reach populations, such as trauma-exposed adolescents, the extent that such treatments are accessed and used is unclear. The present study evaluated the proportion of adolescents who accessed and completed a Web-based treatment for postdisaster mental health symptoms. Correlates of access and completion were examined. A sample of 2,000 adolescents living in tornado-affected communities was assessed via structured telephone interview and invited to a Web-based treatment. The modular treatment addressed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use. Participants were randomized to experimental or control conditions after accessing the site. Overall access for the intervention was 35.8%. Module completion for those who accessed ranged from 52.8% to 85.6%. Adolescents with parents who used the Internet to obtain health-related information were more likely to access the treatment. Adolescent males were less likely to access the treatment. Future work is needed to identify strategies to further increase the reach of Web-based treatments to provide clinical services in a postdisaster context. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

  5. Access and Completion of a Web-Based Treatment in a Population-Based Sample of Tornado-Affected Adolescents

    PubMed Central

    Price, Matthew; Yuen, Erica; Davidson, Tatiana M.; Hubel, Grace; Ruggiero, Kenneth J.

    2015-01-01

    Although web-based treatments have significant potential to assess and treat difficult to reach populations, such as trauma-exposed adolescents, the extent that such treatments are accessed and used is unclear. The present study evaluated the proportion of adolescents who accessed and completed a web-based treatment for post-disaster mental health symptoms. Correlates of access and completion were examined. A sample of 2,000 adolescents living in tornado-affected communities was assessed via structured telephone interview and invited to a web-based treatment. The modular treatment addressed symptoms of PTSD, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use. Participants were randomized to experimental or control conditions after accessing the site. Overall access for the intervention was 35.8%. Module completion for those who accessed ranged from 52.8% to 85.6%. Adolescents with parents who used the Internet to obtain health-related information were more likely to access the treatment. Adolescent males were less likely to access the treatment. Future work is needed to identify strategies to further increase the reach of web-based treatments to provide clinical services in a post-disaster context. PMID:25622071

  6. Do open access data policies inhibit innovation?

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Katzner, Todd E.

    2015-01-01

    There has been a great deal of attention paid recently to the idea of data sharing (Van Noorden 2014, Beardsley 2015, Nature Publishing Group2015, www.copdess.com). However, the vast majority of these arguments are in agreement and present as fait accompli the idea that data are a public good and that therefore, once published, they should become open access. In fact, although there are many good reasons for data sharing, there also are a number of cogent and coherent cases to be made against open-access policies (e.g., Fenichel and Skelly 2015). The goal of this piece is not to debate the relevance or accuracy of the points made in favor of data sharing but to elevate the discussion by pointing out key problems with open-access policies and to identify central issues that, if solved, will enhance the utility of data sharing to science and society.

  7. Characteristics and allowed behaviors of gay male couples' sexual agreements.

    PubMed

    Mitchell, Jason W

    2014-01-01

    Research has shown that gay male couples' sexual agreements may affect their risk for HIV. Few U.S. studies have collected dyadic data nationally from gay male couples to assess what sexual behaviors they allow to occur by agreement type and the sequence of when certain behaviors occur within their relationships. In our cross-sectional study, dyadic data from a convenience sample of 361 male couples were collected electronically throughout the United States by using paid Facebook ads. Findings revealed that couples discussed their HIV status before having unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) but established their agreement some time after having UAI. About half of the couples (N = 207) concurred about having an agreement. Among these couples, 58% concurred about explicitly discussing their agreement, 84% concurred about having the same type of agreement, and 54% had both men adhering to it. A variety of sexual behaviors were endorsed and varied by agreement type. Concordance about aspects of couples' agreements varied, suggesting the need to engage couples to be more explicit and detailed when establishing and communicating about their agreements. The allowed behaviors and primary reasons for establishing and breaking sexual agreements further highlight the need to bolster HIV prevention for gay male couples.

  8. Characteristics and allowed behaviors of gay male couples’ sexual agreements

    PubMed Central

    Mitchell, Jason W.

    2015-01-01

    Research has shown that gay male couples’ sexual agreements may affect their risk for HIV. Few U.S. studies have collected dyadic data nationally from gay male couples to assess what sexual behaviors they allow to occur by agreement type and the sequence of when certain behaviors occur within their relationships. In our cross-sectional study, dyadic data from a convenience sample of 361 male couples were collected electronically throughout the U.S. by using paid Facebook ads. Findings from our study revealed that couples discussed their HIV status before having UAI, but established their agreement some time after having UAI. About half of the couples (N = 207) concurred about having an agreement. Among these couples, 58% concurred about explicitly discussing their agreement, 84% concurred about having the same type of agreement, and 54% had both men adhering to it. A variety of sexual behaviors were endorsed and varied by agreement type. Concordance about aspects of couples’ agreements varied, suggesting the need to engage couples to be more explicit and detailed when establishing and communicating about their agreements. The allowed behaviors and primary reasons for establishing and breaking sexual agreements further highlight the need to bolster HIV prevention for gay male couples. PMID:23514544

  9. Exploring Factors that Affect the Accessibility of Reading Comprehension Assessments for Students with Disabilities: A Study of Segmented Text. CRESST Report 746

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abedi, Jamal; Kao, Jenny C.; Leon, Seth; Sullivan, Lisa; Herman, Joan L.; Pope, Rita; Nambiar, Veena; Mastergeorge, Ann M.

    2008-01-01

    This study sought to explore factors that affect the accessibility of reading comprehension assessments for students with disabilities. The study consisted of testing students using reading comprehension passages that were broken down into shorter "segments" or "chunks." The results of the segmenting study indicated that: (a)…

  10. The Implementation of Managed Entry Agreements in Central and Eastern Europe: Findings and Implications.

    PubMed

    Ferrario, Alessandra; Arāja, Diāna; Bochenek, Tomasz; Čatić, Tarik; Dankó, Dávid; Dimitrova, Maria; Fürst, Jurij; Greičiūtė-Kuprijanov, Ieva; Hoxha, Iris; Jakupi, Arianit; Laidmäe, Erki; Löblová, Olga; Mardare, Ileana; Markovic-Pekovic, Vanda; Meshkov, Dmitry; Novakovic, Tanja; Petrova, Guenka; Pomorski, Maciej; Tomek, Dominik; Voncina, Luka; Haycox, Alan; Kanavos, Panos; Vella Bonanno, Patricia; Godman, Brian

    2017-12-01

    Managed entry agreements (MEAs) are a set of instruments to facilitate access to new medicines. This study surveyed the implementation of MEAs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) where limited comparative information is currently available. We conducted a survey on the implementation of MEAs in CEE between January and March 2017. Sixteen countries participated in this study. Across five countries with available data on the number of different MEA instruments implemented, the most common MEAs implemented were confidential discounts (n = 495, 73%), followed by paybacks (n = 92, 14%), price-volume agreements (n = 37, 5%), free doses (n = 25, 4%), bundle and other agreements (n = 19, 3%), and payment by result (n = 10, >1%). Across seven countries with data on MEAs by therapeutic group, the highest number of brand names associated with one or more MEA instruments belonged to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)-L group, antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (n = 201, 31%). The second most frequent therapeutic group for MEA implementation was ATC-A, alimentary tract and metabolism (n = 87, 13%), followed by medicines for neurological conditions (n = 83, 13%). Experience in implementing MEAs varied substantially across the region and there is considerable scope for greater transparency, sharing experiences and mutual learning. European citizens, authorities and industry should ask themselves whether, within publicly funded health systems, confidential discounts can still be tolerated, particularly when it is not clear which country and party they are really benefiting. Furthermore, if MEAs are to improve access, countries should establish clear objectives for their implementation and a monitoring framework to measure their performance, as well as the burden of implementation.

  11. A Qualitative Study on the Interconnected Nature of HIV, Water, and Family.

    PubMed

    Ramirez-Ortiz, Daisy; Zolnikov, Tara Rava

    2017-03-01

    Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and poor access to water are two primary global health issues. Poor access to water may significantly affect families infected with HIV and result in adverse social and health consequences. A qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to understand health and social outcomes of families after the implementation of water interventions in rural Kenya. One major sub-theme emerged during this research, which included the effects of water on an HIV-affected family. Prior to the water interventions, common adverse health effects from lack of nutrition, water, and poor hygiene were experienced. After receiving access to water, nutrition and hygiene were improved and additional time was gained and used to reinforce relationships and spread awareness about HIV/AIDS. This study provides need-based evidence for access to safe drinking water in order to decrease adverse health outcomes and improve the quality of life for HIV-affected individuals.

  12. On international fisheries agreements, entry deterrence, and ecological uncertainty.

    PubMed

    Ellefsen, Hans; Grønbæk, Lone; Ravn-Jonsen, Lars

    2017-05-15

    A prerequisite for an international fisheries agreement (IFA) to be stable is that parties expect the benefits from joining the agreement to exceed the benefits from free riding on the agreement, and parties only comply with the agreement as long as this is true. The agreement, therefore, implicitly builds on an expectation of the ecological condition of the natural resource. Game theoretical models often assume that all parties have the same (often perfect) information about the resource and that the exploitation is an equilibrium use of the stock. As stated by experts in natural science, the fish ecology still has many open questions, for example how to predict population dynamics, migration patterns, food availability, etc. In some cases, parties disagree about the state, abundance, and migration of a stock, which can reduce the possibilities of reaching an agreement for exploitation of the stock. This paper develops a model and applies it to the North-East Atlantic mackerel fishery, in order to analyze an IFA under different ecological scenarios, and also combines the model with the economic theory of entry deterrence. The model is used empirically to determine whether the parties with original access to the resource have an advantage when forming an agreement with a new party in having the ability to fish the stock down to a smaller size and thereby prevent another party from entering into the fishery. With a basis in entry deterrence, combined with lack of information, the paper illustrates the obstacles that have made an agreement for the North-East Atlantic mackerel so difficult to achieve. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Physical and Visual Accessibilities in Intensive Care Units: A Comparative Study of Open-Plan and Racetrack Units.

    PubMed

    Rashid, Mahbub; Khan, Nayma; Jones, Belinda

    2016-01-01

    This study compared physical and visual accessibilities and their associations with staff perception and interaction behaviors in 2 intensive care units (ICUs) with open-plan and racetrack layouts. For the study, physical and visual accessibilities were measured using the spatial analysis techniques of Space Syntax. Data on staff perception were collected from 81 clinicians using a questionnaire survey. The locations of 2233 interactions, and the location and length of another 339 interactions in these units were collected using systematic field observation techniques. According to the study, physical and visual accessibilities were different in the 2 ICUs, and clinicians' primary workspaces were physically and visually more accessible in the open-plan ICU. Physical and visual accessibilities affected how well clinicians' knew their peers and where their peers were located in these units. Physical and visual accessibilities also affected clinicians' perception of interaction and communication and of teamwork and collaboration in these units. Additionally, physical and visual accessibilities showed significant positive associations with interaction behaviors in these units, with the open-plan ICU showing stronger associations. However, physical accessibilities were less important than visual accessibilities in relation to interaction behaviors in these ICUs. The implications of these findings for ICU design are discussed.

  14. The affect heuristic, mortality salience, and risk: domain-specific effects of a natural disaster on risk-benefit perception.

    PubMed

    Västfjäll, Daniel; Peters, Ellen; Slovic, Paul

    2014-12-01

    We examine how affect and accessible thoughts following a major natural disaster influence everyday risk perception. A survey was conducted in the months following the 2004 south Asian Tsunami in a representative sample of the Swedish population (N = 733). Respondents rated their experienced affect as well as the perceived risk and benefits of various everyday decision domains. Affect influenced risk and benefit perception in a way that could be predicted from both the affect-congruency and affect heuristic literatures (increased risk perception and stronger risk-benefit correlations). However, in some decision domains, self-regulation goals primed by the natural disaster predicted risk and benefit ratings. Together, these results show that affect, accessible thoughts and motivational states influence perceptions of risks and benefits. © 2014 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. Assessing the feasibility of integration of self-care for filarial lymphoedema into existing community leprosy self-help groups in Nepal.

    PubMed

    Pryce, Joseph; Mableson, Hayley E; Choudhary, Ramesh; Pandey, Basu Dev; Aley, Dambar; Betts, Hannah; Mackenzie, Charles D; Kelly-Hope, Louise A; Cross, Hugh

    2018-01-30

    Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy are disabling infectious diseases endemic in Nepal. LF infection can lead to lymphoedema and hydrocoele, while secondary effects of leprosy infection include impairments to hands, eyes and feet. The disabling effects of both conditions can be managed through self-care and the supportive effects of self-help groups (SHGs). A network of SHGs exists for people affected by leprosy in four districts in Nepal's Central Development Region, however no such service exists for people affected by LF. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of integrating LF affected people into existing leprosy SHGs in this area. A survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information on: (i) participant characteristics, clinical manifestation and disease burden; (ii) participants' knowledge of management of their condition and access to services; and (iii) participants' knowledge and perceptions of the alternate condition (LF affected participants' knowledge of leprosy and vice versa) and attitudes towards integration. A total of 52 LF affected and 53 leprosy affected participants were interviewed from 14 SHGs. On average, leprosy affected participants were shown to have 1.8 times greater knowledge of self-care techniques, and practiced 2.5 times more frequently than LF affected participants. Only a quarter of LF affected participants had accessed a health service for their condition, compared with 94.3% of leprosy affected people accessing a service (including SHGs), at least once a week. High levels of stigma were perceived by both groups towards the alternate condition, however, the majority of LF (79%) and leprosy (94.3%) affected participants stated that they would consider attending an integrated SHG. LF affected participants need to increase their knowledge of self-care and access to health services. Despite stigma being a potential barrier, attitudes towards integration were positive, suggesting that the SHGs may be a good platform for LF affected people to start self-care in this area. This is not a registered trial.

  16. The health impact of trade and investment agreements: a quantitative systematic review and network co-citation analysis.

    PubMed

    Barlow, Pepita; McKee, Martin; Basu, Sanjay; Stuckler, David

    2017-03-08

    Regional trade agreements are major international policy instruments that shape macro-economic and political systems. There is widespread debate as to whether and how these agreements pose risks to public health. Here we perform a comprehensive systematic review of quantitative studies of the health impact of trade and investment agreements. We identified studies from searches in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Global Health Online. Research articles were eligible for inclusion if they were quantitative studies of the health impacts of trade and investment agreements or policy. We systematically reviewed study findings, evaluated quality using the Quality Assessment Tool from the Effective Public Health Practice Project, and performed network citation analysis to study disciplinary siloes. Seventeen quantitative studies met our inclusion criteria. There was consistent evidence that implementing trade agreements was associated with increased consumption of processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Granting import licenses for patented drugs was associated with increased access to pharmaceuticals. Implementing trade agreements and associated policies was also correlated with higher cardiovascular disease incidence and higher Body Mass Index (BMI), whilst correlations with tobacco consumption, under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and life expectancy were inconclusive. Overall, the quality of studies is weak or moderately weak, and co-citation analysis revealed a relative isolation of public health from economics. We identified limitations in existing studies which preclude definitive conclusions of the health impacts of regional trade and investment agreements. Few address unobserved confounding, and many possible consequences and mechanisms linking trade and investment agreements to health remain poorly understood. Results from our co-citation analysis suggest scope for greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Notwithstanding these limitations, our results find evidence that trade agreements pose some significant health risks. Health protections in trade and investment treaties may mitigate these impacts.

  17. Gender dynamics affecting maternal health and health care access and use in Uganda.

    PubMed

    Morgan, Rosemary; Tetui, Moses; Muhumuza Kananura, Rornald; Ekirapa-Kiracho, Elizabeth; George, A S

    2017-12-01

    Despite its reduction over the last decade, the maternal mortality rate in Uganda remains high, due to in part a lack of access to maternal health care. In an effort to increase access to care, a quasi-experimental trial using vouchers was implemented in Eastern Uganda between 2009 and 2011. Findings from the trial reported a dramatic increase in pregnant women's access to institutional delivery. Sustainability of such interventions, however, is an important challenge. While such interventions are able to successfully address immediate access barriers, such as lack of financial resources and transportation, they are reliant on external resources to sustain them and are not designed to address the underlying causes contributing to women's lack of access, including those related to gender. In an effort to examine ways to sustain the intervention beyond external financial resources, project implementers conducted a follow-up qualitative study to explore the root causes of women's lack of maternal health care access and utilization. Based on emergent findings, a gender analysis of the data was conducted to identify key gender dynamics affecting maternal health and maternal health care. This paper reports the key gender dynamics identified during the analysis, by detailing how gender power relations affect maternal health care access and utilization in relation to: access to resources; division of labour, including women's workload during and after pregnancy and lack of male involvement at health facilities; social norms, including perceptions of women's attitudes and behaviour during pregnancy, men's attitudes towards fatherhood, attitudes towards domestic violence, and health worker attitudes and behaviour; and decision-making. It concludes by discussing the need for integrating gender into maternal health care interventions if they are to address the root causes of barriers to maternal health access and utilization and improve access to and use of maternal health care in the long term. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

  18. Regulatory changes raise troubling questions for genomic testing.

    PubMed

    Evans, Barbara J; Dorschner, Michael O; Burke, Wylie; Jarvik, Gail P

    2014-11-01

    By 6 October 2014, many laboratories in the United States must begin honoring new individual data access rights created by recent changes to federal privacy and laboratory regulations. These access rights are more expansive than has been widely understood and pose complex challenges for genomic testing laboratories. This article analyzes regulatory texts and guidances to explore which laboratories are affected. It offers the first published analysis of which parts of the vast trove of data generated during next-generation sequencing will be accessible to patients and research subjects. Persons tested at affected laboratories seemingly will have access, upon request, to uninterpreted gene variant information contained in their stored variant call format, binary alignment/map, and FASTQ files. A defect in the regulations will subject some non-CLIA-regulated research laboratories to these new access requirements unless the Department of Health and Human Services takes swift action to avert this apparently unintended consequence. More broadly, all affected laboratories face a long list of daunting operational, business, compliance, and bioethical issues as they adapt to this change and to the Food and Drug Administration's recently announced plan to publish draft guidance outlining a new oversight framework for lab-developed tests.

  19. "To patent or not to patent? the case of Novartis' cancer drug Glivec in India".

    PubMed

    Gabble, Ravinder; Kohler, Jillian Clare

    2014-01-06

    Glivec (imatinib mesylate), produced by the pharmaceutical company Novartis, is prescribed in the case of chronic myeloid leukemia, one of the most common blood cancers in eastern countries. After more than a decade of legal battles surrounding its patentability, the Supreme Court of India gave its final decision on April 1st of 2013, rejecting the appeal of the Swiss giant drug manufacturer. In 2006, the Indian Patent Office first refused Glivec's patent under Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act arguing that it was only a modified version of an existing drug, Imatinib, and therefore that the drug was not innovative. Novartis replied filing legal challenges against the Indian government but the final verdict in April of 2013 ends the battle. Indeed, the Supreme Court stated that even if the bioavailability of the drug was improved, it did not demonstrate enhanced efficacy and that Glivec was not patentable. The research primarily focused on journal, newspaper and magazine articles relevant to the time frame of the lawsuit (from 1994 to 2013) as well as news searches through Google, Factiva, ProQuest, PubMed, and YouTube where press articles from court verdicts were obtained by using the following keywords: "India", "Novartis", "Glivec", "Patent", "Novartis Case", and "Supreme Court of India". The data sources were interpreted and analyzed according to the authors' own prior knowledge and understanding of the exigencies of the TRIPS Agreement. This case illuminates how India is interpreting international law to fit domestic public health needs. The Novartis case arguably sets an important precedent for the global pharmaceutical industry and ideally will help improve access to lifesaving medicines in the developing world by demanding that patient health needs supersede commercial interests. The Supreme Court of India's decision may affect the interpretation of the article of the TRIPS Agreement, which states members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice.

  20. 25 CFR 224.175 - How will rescission affect valid existing rights or lawful actions taken before the rescission?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENERGY AND MINERALS TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS UNDER THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Rescission § 224.175 How will rescission affect valid...

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