46 CFR 154.1415 - Air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air compressor. 154.1415 Section 154.1415 Shipping COAST... Equipment § 154.1415 Air compressor. Each vessel must have an air compressor to recharge the bottles for the air-breathing apparatus. ...

46 CFR 154.1415 - Air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Air compressor. 154.1415 Section 154.1415 Shipping COAST... Equipment § 154.1415 Air compressor. Each vessel must have an air compressor to recharge the bottles for the air-breathing apparatus. ...

46 CFR 154.1415 - Air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air compressor. 154.1415 Section 154.1415 Shipping COAST... Equipment § 154.1415 Air compressor. Each vessel must have an air compressor to recharge the bottles for the air-breathing apparatus. ...

46 CFR 154.1415 - Air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air compressor. 154.1415 Section 154.1415 Shipping COAST... Equipment § 154.1415 Air compressor. Each vessel must have an air compressor to recharge the bottles for the air-breathing apparatus. ...

75 FR 61461 - Central New York Oil and Gas Company, LLC; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... electric-driven 13,400-horsepower (hp) centrifugal compressor; One new compressor station in Bradford County, Pennsylvania (the NS2 Compressor Station) with an electric-driven 15,300-hp centrifugal... construct, operate, and maintain two new compressor stations in Tioga County, New York and Bradford County...

23. Station Compressor Room 1 with Air Compressors and Accumulator ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Station Compressor Room 1 with Air Compressors and Accumulator Tanks, view to the south. One of the two large station air compressor units used for depressing the draft tube water level is visible atop a concrete pedestal on the left side of photograph (the second identical compressor is located in an adjacent room). Two of the six station air accumulator tanks are visible in the background. The smaller station service air compressor is visible in right foreground of the photograph was installed in the early 1980s, and replaced the original station service air compressor. - Washington Water Power Clark Fork River Noxon Rapids Hydroelectric Development, Powerhouse, South bank of Clark Fork River at Noxon Rapids, Noxon, Sanders County, MT

Overview of Air Liquide refrigeration systems between 1.8 K and 200 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gondrand, C.; Durand, F.; Delcayre, F.; Crispel, S.; Baguer, G. M. Gistau

2014-01-01

Cryogenic refrigeration systems are necessary for numerous applications. Gas purification and distillation require temperatures between 15 K and 200 K depending on the application, space simulation chambers down to 15 K, superconductivity between 1.8 K and up to 75 K (magnets, cavities or HTS devices like cables, FCL, SMES, etc), Cold Neutron Sources between 15 and 20 K, etc. Air Liquide Advanced Technologies is designing and manufacturing refrigerators since 60 years to satisfy those needs. The step by step developments achieved have led to machines with higher efficiency and reliability. In 1965, reciprocating compressors and Joule Thomson expansion valves were used. In 1969, centripetal expanders began to be used. In 1980, oil lubricated screw compressors took the place of reciprocating compressors and a standard range of Claude cycle refrigerators was developed: the HELIAL series. 1980 was also the time for cryogenic centrifugal compressor development. In 2011, driven by the need for lower operational cost (high efficiency and low maintenance), cycle oil free centrifugal compressors on magnetic bearings were introduced instead of screw compressors. The power extracted by centripetal expanders was recovered. Based on this technology, a range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators has been designed for temperatures between 40 K and 150 K. On-going development will enable widening the range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators to cryogenic temperatures down to 15 K.. Cryogenic centrifugal circulators have been developed in order to answer to an increasing demand of 4 K refrigerators able to distribute cold power.

Identifying lubricant options for compressor bearing designs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karnaz, J.; Seeton, C.; Dixon, L.

2017-08-01

Today’s refrigeration and air conditioning market is not only driven by the environmental aspects of the refrigerants, but also by the energy efficiency and reliability of system operation. Numerous types of compressor designs are used in refrigeration and air conditioning applications which means that different bearings are used; and in some cases, multiple bearing types within a single compressor. Since only one lubricant is used, it is important to try to optimize the lubricant to meet the various demands and requirements for operation. This optimization entails investigating different types of lubricant chemistries, viscosities, and various formulation options. What makes evaluating these options more challenging is the refrigerant which changes the properties of the lubricant delivered to the bearing. Once the lubricant and refrigerant interaction are understood, through various test methods, then work can start on collaborating with compressor engineers on identifying the lubricant chemistry and formulation options. These interaction properties are important to the design engineer to make decisions on the adequacy of the lubricant before compressor tests are started. This paper will discuss the process to evaluate lubricants for various types of compressors and bearing design with focus on what’s needed for current refrigerant trends. In addition, the paper will show how the lubricant chemistry choice can be manipulated through understanding of the bearing design and knowledge of interaction with the refrigerant to maximize performance. Emphasis will be placed on evaluation of synthetic lubricants for both natural and synthetic low GWP refrigerants.

Overview of Air Liquide refrigeration systems between 1.8 K and 200 K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gondrand, C.; Durand, F.; Delcayre, F.

Cryogenic refrigeration systems are necessary for numerous applications. Gas purification and distillation require temperatures between 15 K and 200 K depending on the application, space simulation chambers down to 15 K, superconductivity between 1.8 K and up to 75 K (magnets, cavities or HTS devices like cables, FCL, SMES, etc), Cold Neutron Sources between 15 and 20 K, etc. Air Liquide Advanced Technologies is designing and manufacturing refrigerators since 60 years to satisfy those needs. The step by step developments achieved have led to machines with higher efficiency and reliability. In 1965, reciprocating compressors and Joule Thomson expansion valves weremore » used. In 1969, centripetal expanders began to be used. In 1980, oil lubricated screw compressors took the place of reciprocating compressors and a standard range of Claude cycle refrigerators was developed: the HELIAL series. 1980 was also the time for cryogenic centrifugal compressor development. In 2011, driven by the need for lower operational cost (high efficiency and low maintenance), cycle oil free centrifugal compressors on magnetic bearings were introduced instead of screw compressors. The power extracted by centripetal expanders was recovered. Based on this technology, a range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators has been designed for temperatures between 40 K and 150 K. On-going development will enable widening the range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators to cryogenic temperatures down to 15 K.. Cryogenic centrifugal circulators have been developed in order to answer to an increasing demand of 4 K refrigerators able to distribute cold power.« less

Experimental Studies on a Single Stage Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler Driven by Oil-Lubricated Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Ren; Jianying, Hu; Ercang, Luo; Xiaotao, Wang

2010-04-01

Because lubricating oil for moving parts is not allowed to go into the pulse tube cryocooler, Stirling type pulse tube cryocoolers are generally driven by oil-free compressors although oil-lubricated compressors are much cheaper and facile. Recently, it was proposed that an acoustic transparent and oil blocking diaphragm could be employed to separate the compressor and the cryocooler. Thus, the cryocooler can be driven by oil-lubricated compressors. In this paper, a pulse tube cryocooler is designed to match a crankcase compressor. Although the efficiency of the crankcase compressor is lower compared with the oil-free linear compressor, the crankcase compressor can easily work at lower frequency which results in higher efficiency for the cryocooler. So the relative high performance of the whole system can be maintained. In this system, the cryocooler delivers 28.5 W of cooling at 80 K with 680 W of electrical input power and operates at 15 Hz. The corresponding Carnot efficiency is 11.52%.

30 CFR 56.13010 - Reciprocating-type air compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Reciprocating-type air compressors. 56.13010... NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13010 Reciprocating-type air compressors. (a) Reciprocating-type air compressors...

30 CFR 56.13010 - Reciprocating-type air compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Reciprocating-type air compressors. 56.13010... NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13010 Reciprocating-type air compressors. (a) Reciprocating-type air compressors...

30 CFR 56.13010 - Reciprocating-type air compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Reciprocating-type air compressors. 56.13010... NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13010 Reciprocating-type air compressors. (a) Reciprocating-type air compressors...

30 CFR 56.13010 - Reciprocating-type air compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13010 Reciprocating-type air compressors. (a) Reciprocating-type air compressors... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reciprocating-type air compressors. 56.13010...

30 CFR 57.13010 - Reciprocating-type air compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reciprocating-type air compressors. 57.13010... NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13010 Reciprocating-type air compressors. (a) Reciprocating-type air compressors...

21 CFR 868.6250 - Portable air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Portable air compressor. 868.6250 Section 868.6250...) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Miscellaneous § 868.6250 Portable air compressor. (a) Identification. A portable air compressor is a device intended to provide compressed air for medical purposes, e...

30 CFR 56.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 56.13012 Section 56... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure that only...

30 CFR 57.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 57.13012 Section 57... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure...

30 CFR 56.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 56.13012 Section 56... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure that only...

30 CFR 57.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 57.13012 Section 57... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure...

30 CFR 56.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 56.13012 Section 56... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure that only...

30 CFR 56.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure that only... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 56.13012 Section 56...

30 CFR 57.13012 - Compressor air intakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13012 Compressor air intakes. Compressor air intakes shall be installed to ensure... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressor air intakes. 57.13012 Section 57...

21 CFR 868.6250 - Portable air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Portable air compressor. 868.6250 Section 868.6250...) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Miscellaneous § 868.6250 Portable air compressor. (a) Identification. A portable air compressor is a device intended to provide compressed air for medical purposes, e...

21 CFR 868.6250 - Portable air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Portable air compressor. 868.6250 Section 868.6250...) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Miscellaneous § 868.6250 Portable air compressor. (a) Identification. A portable air compressor is a device intended to provide compressed air for medical purposes, e...

Gas turbine cooling system

DOEpatents

Bancalari, Eduardo E.

2001-01-01

A gas turbine engine (10) having a closed-loop cooling circuit (39) for transferring heat from the hot turbine section (16) to the compressed air (24) produced by the compressor section (12). The closed-loop cooling system (39) includes a heat exchanger (40) disposed in the flow path of the compressed air (24) between the outlet of the compressor section (12) and the inlet of the combustor (14). A cooling fluid (50) may be driven by a pump (52) located outside of the engine casing (53) or a pump (54) mounted on the rotor shaft (17). The cooling circuit (39) may include an orifice (60) for causing the cooling fluid (50) to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, thereby increasing the heat transfer capacity of the cooling circuit (39).

Study on the CO2 electric driven fixed swash plate type compressor for eco-friendly vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Donglim; Kim, Kitae; Lee, Jehie; Kwon, Yunki; Lee, Geonho

2017-08-01

The purpose of this study is to experiment and to performance analysis about the electric-driven fixed swash plate compressor using alternate refrigerant(R744). Comprehensive simulation model for an electric driven compressor using CO2 for eco-friendly vehicle is presented. This model consists of compression model and dynamic model. The compression model included valve dynamics, leakage, and heat transfer models. And the dynamic model included frictional loss between piston ring and cylinder wall, frictional loss between shoe and swash plate, frictional loss of bearings, and electric efficiency. Especially, because the efficiency of an electric parts(motor and inverter) in the compressor affects the loss of the compressor, the dynamo test was performed. We made the designed compressor, and tested the performance of the compressor about the variety pressure conditions. Also we compared the performance analysis result and performance test result.

Performance analysis of underwater pump for water-air dual-use engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Jun; Wang, Yun; Chen, Yu

2017-10-01

To make water-air dual-use engine work both in air and under water, the compressor of the engine should not only meet the requirements of air flight, but also must have the ability to work underwater. To verify the performance of the compressor when the water-air dual-use engine underwater propulsion mode, the underwater pumping water model of the air compressor is simulated by commercial CFD software, and the flow field analysis is carried out. The results show that conventional air compressors have a certain ability to work in the water environment, however, the blade has a great influence on the flow, and the compressor structure also affects the pump performance. Compressor can initially take into account the two modes of water and air. In order to obtain better performance, the structure of the compressor needs further improvement and optimization.

Turboprop engine and method of operating the same

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klees, G.W.; Johnson, P.E.

1986-02-11

This patent describes a turboprop engine consisting of: 1.) A compressor; 2.) A turbine; 3.) A combustion section; 4.) A variable pitch propeller; 5.) A speed reducing transmission; 6.) An air inlet; 7.) An air inlet bypass; 8.) An air outlet bypass duct; 9.) A flow control operatively positioned to receive air flow from the air inlet bypass and air flow from the low pressure compressor component. To direct the air flow to the air outlet bypass duct, and the air flow to the high pressure compressor component, the flow control has a first position where the air flow ismore » from. The high and low pressure compressor components and is directed to the air outlet bypass duct. The flow control has a second position for the air flow from the air inlet bypass duct to the air outlet bypass duct and air from the low pressure compressor component is directed to the high pressure compressor component. A method of operating a turboprop engine.« less

Compressor discharge bleed air circuit in gas turbine plants and related method

DOEpatents

Anand, Ashok Kumar; Berrahou, Philip Fadhel; Jandrisevits, Michael

2002-01-01

A gas turbine system that includes a compressor, a turbine component and a load, wherein fuel and compressor discharge bleed air are supplied to a combustor and gaseous products of combustion are introduced into the turbine component and subsequently exhausted to atmosphere. A compressor discharge bleed air circuit removes bleed air from the compressor and supplies one portion of the bleed air to the combustor and another portion of the compressor discharge bleed air to an exhaust stack of the turbine component in a single cycle system, or to a heat recovery steam generator in a combined cycle system. In both systems, the bleed air diverted from the combustor may be expanded in an air expander to reduce pressure upstream of the exhaust stack or heat recovery steam generator.

Compressor discharge bleed air circuit in gas turbine plants and related method

DOEpatents

Anand, Ashok Kumar [Niskayuna, NY; Berrahou, Philip Fadhel [Latham, NY; Jandrisevits, Michael [Clifton Park, NY

2003-04-08

A gas turbine system that includes a compressor, a turbine component and a load, wherein fuel and compressor discharge bleed air are supplied to a combustor and gaseous products of combustion are introduced into the turbine component and subsequently exhausted to atmosphere. A compressor discharge bleed air circuit removes bleed air from the compressor and supplies one portion of the bleed air to the combustor and another portion of the compressor discharge bleed air to an exhaust stack of the turbine component in a single cycle system, or to a heat recovery steam generator in a combined cycle system. In both systems, the bleed air diverted from the combustor may be expanded in an air expander to reduce pressure upstream of the exhaust stack or heat recovery steam generator.

46 CFR 197.310 - Air compressor system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air compressor system. 197.310 Section 197.310 Shipping... GENERAL PROVISIONS Commercial Diving Operations Equipment § 197.310 Air compressor system. A compressor used to supply breathing air to a diver must have— (a) A volume tank that is— (1) Built and stamped in...

46 CFR 197.310 - Air compressor system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Air compressor system. 197.310 Section 197.310 Shipping... GENERAL PROVISIONS Commercial Diving Operations Equipment § 197.310 Air compressor system. A compressor used to supply breathing air to a diver must have— (a) A volume tank that is— (1) Built and stamped in...

46 CFR 197.310 - Air compressor system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air compressor system. 197.310 Section 197.310 Shipping... GENERAL PROVISIONS Commercial Diving Operations Equipment § 197.310 Air compressor system. A compressor used to supply breathing air to a diver must have— (a) A volume tank that is— (1) Built and stamped in...

46 CFR 197.310 - Air compressor system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air compressor system. 197.310 Section 197.310 Shipping... GENERAL PROVISIONS Commercial Diving Operations Equipment § 197.310 Air compressor system. A compressor used to supply breathing air to a diver must have— (a) A volume tank that is— (1) Built and stamped in...

Methodology for the determination of criticality codes and recertification intervals for Tank Mounted Air Compressors (TMAC) and Base Mounted Air Compressors (BMAC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hargrove, William T.

1991-01-01

This methodology is used to determine inspection procedures and intervals for components contained within tank mounted air compressor systems (TMAC) and base mounted air compressor systems (BMAC). These systems are included in the Pressure Vessel and System Recertification inventory at GSFC.

Design and Testing of the Contra-Rotating Turbine for the Scimitar Precooled Mach 5 Cruise Engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varvill, R.; Paniagua, G.; Kato, H.; Thatcher, M.

tion chamber and subsequent expansion through the main noz- zle to produce thrust. In subsonic flight it becomes the gas generator driving a high bypass ratio ducted fan through a hub turbine, the exhaust mixing with the duct flow and discharging through the bypass nozzle to produce thrust. In both modes the turbo-compressor is driven by a helium turbine which has contra rotating stages to improve its efficiency at low rotational speed and reduce the number of stages required. Due to the large speed of sound mismatch between the air compressor and the helium turbine it is possible to eliminate the turbine stators by contra rotating the spools. The compressor is divided into low pressure and high pressure spools although by normal gas turbine standards they are both low pressure ratio machines.

Compressor ported shroud for foil bearing cooling

DOEpatents

Elpern, David G [Los Angeles, CA; McCabe, Niall [Torrance, CA; Gee, Mark [South Pasadena, CA

2011-08-02

A compressor ported shroud takes compressed air from the shroud of the compressor before it is completely compressed and delivers it to foil bearings. The compressed air has a lower pressure and temperature than compressed outlet air. The lower temperature of the air means that less air needs to be bled off from the compressor to cool the foil bearings. This increases the overall system efficiency due to the reduced mass flow requirements of the lower temperature air. By taking the air at a lower pressure, less work is lost compressing the bearing cooling air.

Performance analysis of the electric vehicle air conditioner by replacing hydrocarbon refrigerant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santoso, Budi; Tjahjana, D. D. D. P.

2017-01-01

The thermal comfort in passenger cabins needs an automotive air-conditioning system. The electric vehicle air conditioner system is driven by an electric compressor which includes a compressor and an electric motor. Almost air-conditioning system uses CFC-12, CFC-22 and HFC-134a as refrigerant. However, CFC-12 and CFC-22 will damage the ozone layer. The extreme huge global warming potentials (GWP) values of CFC-12, CFC-22, and HFC-134a represent the serious greenhouse effect of Earth. This article shows new experimental measurements and analysis by using a mixture of HC-134 to replace HFC-134a. The result is a refrigerating effect, the coefficient of performance and energy factor increase along with cooling capacity, both for HFC-134a and HC-134. The refrigerating effect of HC-134 is almost twice higher than HFC-134a. The coefficient of performance value of HC-134 is also 36.42% greater than HFC-134a. Then, the energy factor value of HC-134 is 3.78% greater than HFC-134a.

75 FR 11164 - Pine Prairie Energy Center, LLC; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

...) electric motor driven compressors in lieu of four previously authorized, as yet unbuilt, 4,700 hp natural gas engine driven compressors; and Two additional 5,750 hp electric motor drive compressor units. In... Energy Center, LLC; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Electric...

Boosting devices with integral features for recirculating exhaust gas

DOEpatents

Wu, Ko -Jen

2015-09-15

According to one embodiment of the invention, a compressor housing includes a compressor inlet in fluid communication with a compressor volute configured to house a compressor wheel, the compressor inlet configured to provide a first air flow to the compressor wheel and a compressor outlet in fluid communication with the compressor volute, the compressor outlet configured to direct a compressed gas to an intake manifold. The compressor housing further includes an exhaust gas recirculation inlet port in fluid communication with the compressor volute, the exhaust gas recirculation inlet port being configured to combine an exhaust gas flow with the air flow to the compressor wheel.

Impact of the electric compressor for automotive air conditioning system on fuel consumption and performance analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zulkifli, A. A.; Dahlan, A. A.; Zulkifli, A. H.; Nasution, H.; Aziz, A. A.; Perang, M. R. M.; Jamil, H. M.; Misseri, M. N.

2015-12-01

Air conditioning system is the biggest auxiliary load in a vehicle where the compressor consumed the largest. Problem with conventional compressor is the cooling capacity cannot be control directly to fulfill the demand of thermal load inside vehicle cabin. This study is conducted experimentally to analyze the difference of fuel usage and air conditioning performance between conventional compressor and electric compressor of the air conditioning system in automobile. The electric compressor is powered by the car battery in non-electric vehicle which the alternator will recharge the battery. The car is setup on a roller dynamometer and the vehicle speed is varied at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 110 km/h at cabin temperature of 25°C and internal heat load of 100 and 400 Watt. The results shows electric compressor has better fuel consumption and coefficient of performance compared to the conventional compressor.

R-189 (C-620) air compressor control logic software documentation. Revision 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walter, K.E.

1995-06-08

This relates to FFTF plant air compressors. Purpose of this document is to provide an updated Computer Software Description for the software to be used on R-189 (C-620-C) air compressor programmable controllers. Logic software design changes were required to allow automatic starting of a compressor that had not been previously started.

Evaluation of Bauer K-20 Diesel Drive High Pressure Breathing Air Compressor

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

was to: A. Determine if the compressor and Purification System provides compressed air at the required pressures, flow rates, quality and cleanliness... compressed air return from the air storage flasks to the compressor during unit shut down. All four stages of the compressor are protected by safety...1993. 6. Naval Ships Technical Manual, S9086-SY-STM-0O0, Chapeter 551 1st Rev. I November 1987. Compressed Air Plants and Systems, para 551-4.2.21. 7

Performance of Compressor of XJ-41-V Turbojet Engine. 4; Performance Analysis Over Range of Compressor Speeds from 5000 to 10,000 RPM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Creagh, John W. R.; Ginsburg, Ambrose

1948-01-01

An investigation of the XJ-41-V turbojet-engine compressor was conducted to determine the performance of the compressor and to obtain fundamental information on the aerodynamic problems associated with large centrifugal-type compressors. The results of the research conducted on the original compressor indicated the compressor would not meet the desired engine-design air-flow requirements because of an air-flow restriction in the vaned collector. The compressor air-flow choking point occurred near the entrance to the vaned-collector passage and was instigated by a poor mass-flow distribution at the vane entrance and from relatively large negative angles of attack of the air stream along the entrance edges of the vanes at the outer passage wall and large positive angles of attack at the inner passage wall. As a result of the analysis, a design change of the vaned collector entrance is recommended for improving the maximum flow capacity of the compressor.

Reverse Brayton Cycle with Bladeless Turbo Compressor for Automotive Environmental Cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ganapathi, Gani B. (Inventor); Cepeda-Rizo, Juan (Inventor)

2016-01-01

An automotive cabin cooling system uses a bladeless turbocompressor driven by automobile engine exhaust to compress incoming ambient air. The compressed air is directed to an intercooler where it is cooled and then to another bladeless turbine used as an expander where the air cools as it expands and is directed to the cabin interior. Excess energy may be captured by an alternator couple to the expander turbine. The system employs no chemical refrigerant and may be further modified to include another intercooler on the output of the expander turbine to isolate the cooled cabin environment.

Performance of Compressor of XJ-41-V Turbojet Engine. 1 - Preliminary Investigation at Equivalent Compressor Speed of 8000 rpm

DTIC Science & Technology

1949-01-01

Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory Cleveland, Ohio Restriction Cancelled ^mmmmmmmm ^Md’^| 5;-;» <^~ k NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMTTErUf0...AEEONAUTICS RESEARCH MEMORANDUM for the Air Materiel Command’, Army Air Forces PERFORMANCE OF COMPRESSOR OF XJ-41-V TURBOJET ENGINE I - PRELIMINARY...of the XJ-41-V turbojet - engine compressor. . .’ The complete compressor was amounted on a collecting chamber having an annular air-flow

Sound reduction of air compressors using a systematic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moylan, Justin Tharp

The noise emitted by portable electric air compressors can often be a nuisance or potentially hazardous to the operator or others nearby. Therefore, reducing the noise of these air compressors is desired. This research focuses on compressors with a reciprocating piston design as this is the most common type of pump design for portable compressors. An experimental setup was developed to measure the sound and vibration of the air compressors, including testing inside a semi-anechoic chamber. The design of a quiet air compressor was performed in four stages: 1) Teardown and benchmarking of air compressors, 2) Identification and isolation of noise sources, 3) Development of individual means to quiet noise sources, 4) Selection and testing of integrated solutions. The systematic approach and results for each of these stages will be discussed. Two redesigned solutions were developed and measured to be approximately 65% quieter than the previous unmodified compressor. An additional analysis was performed on the solutions selected by the participants involved in the selection process. This analysis involved determining which of the design criteria each participant considered most important when selecting solutions. The results from each participant were then compared to their educational background and experience and correlations were identified. The correlations discovered suggest that educational background and experience may be key determinants for the preference models developed.

Powered glove with electro-pneumatic actuation unit for the disabled

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawakami, Kosuke; Kumano, Shinichi; Moromugi, Shunji; Ishimatsu, Takakazu

2007-12-01

Authors have been developing a powered glove for people suffering from paralysis on their fingers to support their daily activity. Small air cylinders are used as actuators for this glove. Pneumatically-driven system has high advantages in case soft actuation is preferable. However, there are some problems to be solved in the pneumatically-driven system if the system is supposed to be used in our daily life. Huge air compressor is needed and solenoid valves emit loud sound for example. These problems are hurdles to commercialize the powered glove. To solve these problems authors have developed a new actuation unit by integrating an electric cylinder and an air cylinder. This actuation unit has advantages of both the electric actuation and the pneumatic actuation. Its advanced grip control ability has demonstrated through several experiments. The experimental results are reported in this paper.

40 CFR 204.55-3 - Configuration identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.55-3... the following parameters: (1) The compressor type (screw, sliding vane, etc.). (2) Number of compressor stages. (3) Maximum pressure (psi). (4) Air intake system of compressor: (i) Number of filters...

Flow Range of Centrifugal Compressor Being Extended

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2001-01-01

General Aviation will benefit from turbine engines that are both fuel-efficient and reliable. Current engines fall short of their potential to achieve these attributes. The reason is compressor surge, which is a flow stability problem that develops when the compressor is subjected to conditions that are outside of its operating range. Compressor surge can occur when fuel flow to the engine is increased, temporarily back pressuring the compressor and pushing it past its stability limit, or when the compressor is subjected to inlet flow-field distortions that may occur during takeoff and landing. Compressor surge can result in the loss of an aircraft. As a result, engine designers include a margin of safety between the operating line of the engine and the stability limit line of the compressor. Unfortunately, the most efficient operating line for the compressor is usually closer to its stability limit line than it is to the line that provides an adequate margin of safety. A wider stable flow range will permit operation along the most efficient operating line of the compressor, improving the specific fuel consumption of the engine and reducing emissions. The NASA Glenn Research Center is working to extend the stable flow range of the compressor. Significant extension has been achieved in axial compressors by injecting air upstream of the compressor blade rows. Recently, the technique was successfully applied to a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor by injecting streams of air into the diffuser. Both steady and controlled unsteady injection were used to inject air through the diffuser shroud surface and extend the range. Future work will evaluate the effect of air injection through the diffuser hub surface and diffuser vanes with the goal of maximizing the range extension while minimizing the amount of injected air that is required.

Gas turbine engine adapted for use in combination with an apparatus for separating a portion of oxygen from compressed air

DOEpatents

Bland, Robert J [Oviedo, FL; Horazak, Dennis A [Orlando, FL

2012-03-06

A gas turbine engine is provided comprising an outer shell, a compressor assembly, at least one combustor assembly, a turbine assembly and duct structure. The outer shell includes a compressor section, a combustor section, an intermediate section and a turbine section. The intermediate section includes at least one first opening and at least one second opening. The compressor assembly is located in the compressor section to define with the compressor section a compressor apparatus to compress air. The at least one combustor assembly is coupled to the combustor section to define with the combustor section a combustor apparatus. The turbine assembly is located in the turbine section to define with the turbine section a turbine apparatus. The duct structure is coupled to the intermediate section to receive at least a portion of the compressed air from the compressor apparatus through the at least one first opening in the intermediate section, pass the compressed air to an apparatus for separating a portion of oxygen from the compressed air to produced vitiated compressed air and return the vitiated compressed air to the intermediate section via the at least one second opening in the intermediate section.

Water injected fuel cell system compressor

DOEpatents

Siepierski, James S.; Moore, Barbara S.; Hoch, Martin Monroe

2001-01-01

A fuel cell system including a dry compressor for pressurizing air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell. An injector sprays a controlled amount of water on to the compressor's rotor(s) to improve the energy efficiency of the compressor. The amount of water sprayed out the rotor(s) is controlled relative to the mass flow rate of air inputted to the compressor.

Downhole steam generator having a downhole oxidant compressor

DOEpatents

Fox, Ronald L.

1983-01-01

Apparatus and method for generation of steam in a borehole for penetration into an earth formation wherein a downhole oxidant compressor is used to compress relatively low pressure (atmospheric) oxidant, such as air, to a relatively high pressure prior to mixing with fuel for combustion. The multi-stage compressor receives motive power through a shaft driven by a gas turbine powered by the hot expanding combustion gases. The main flow of compressed oxidant passes through a velocity increasing nozzle formed by a reduced central section of the compressor housing. An oxidant bypass feedpipe leading to peripheral oxidant injection nozzles of the combustion chamber are also provided. The downhole compressor allows effective steam generation in deep wells without need for high pressure surface compressors. Feedback preheater means are provided for preheating fuel in a preheat chamber. Preheating of the water occurs in both a water feed line running from aboveground and in a countercurrent water flow channel surrounding the combustor assembly. The countercurrent water flow channels advantageously serve to cool the combustion chamber wall. The water is injected through slotted inlets along the combustion chamber wall to provide an unstable boundary layer and stripping of the water from the wall for efficient steam generation. Pressure responsive doors are provided at the steam outlet for closing and sealing the combustion chamber from entry of reservoir fluids in the event of a flameout.

Economics of water injected air screw compressor systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venu Madhav, K.; Kovačević, A.

2015-08-01

There is a growing need for compressed air free of entrained oil to be used in industry. In many cases it can be supplied by oil flooded screw compressors with multi stage filtration systems, or by oil free screw compressors. However, if water injected screw compressors can be made to operate reliably, they could be more efficient and therefore cheaper to operate. Unfortunately, to date, such machines have proved to be insufficiently reliable and not cost effective. This paper describes an investigation carried out to determine the current limitations of water injected screw compressor systems and how these could be overcome in the 15-315 kW power range and delivery pressures of 6-10 bar. Modern rotor profiles and approach to sealing and cooling allow reasonably inexpensive air end design. The prototype of the water injected screw compressor air system was built and tested for performance and reliability. The water injected compressor system was compared with the oil injected and oil free compressor systems of the equivalent size including the economic analysis based on the lifecycle costs. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that water injected screw compressor systems could be designed to deliver clean air free of oil contamination with a better user value proposition than the oil injected or oil free screw compressor systems over the considered range of operations.

Full load shop testing of 18,000-hp gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor for offshore platform service: Evaluation of rotor dynamics performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirk, R. G.; Simpson, M.

1985-01-01

The results for in-plant full load testing of a 13.4 MW (18000 HP) gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor are presented and compared to analytical predictions of compressor rotor stability. Unique problems from both oil seals and labyrinth gas seals were encountered during the testing. The successful resolution of these problems are summarized.

46 CFR 35.35-85 - Air compressors-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Air compressors-TB/ALL. 35.35-85 Section 35.35-85 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Cargo Handling § 35.35-85 Air compressors—TB/ALL. No person may operate, install, or reinstall an air compressor in a cargo area described...

46 CFR 35.35-85 - Air compressors-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air compressors-TB/ALL. 35.35-85 Section 35.35-85 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Cargo Handling § 35.35-85 Air compressors—TB/ALL. No person may operate, install, or reinstall an air compressor in a cargo area described...

46 CFR 35.35-85 - Air compressors-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Air compressors-TB/ALL. 35.35-85 Section 35.35-85 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Cargo Handling § 35.35-85 Air compressors—TB/ALL. No person may operate, install, or reinstall an air compressor in a cargo area described...

46 CFR 35.35-85 - Air compressors-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air compressors-TB/ALL. 35.35-85 Section 35.35-85 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Cargo Handling § 35.35-85 Air compressors—TB/ALL. No person may operate, install, or reinstall an air compressor in a cargo area described...

46 CFR 35.35-85 - Air compressors-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air compressors-TB/ALL. 35.35-85 Section 35.35-85 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Cargo Handling § 35.35-85 Air compressors—TB/ALL. No person may operate, install, or reinstall an air compressor in a cargo area described...

40 CFR 86.1868-12 - CO2 credits for improving the efficiency of air conditioning systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Creditvalue (g/mi) Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, variable-displacement compressor (e.g. a compressor that controls displacement based on temperature setpoint and/or cooling demand of the air...-controlled, fixed-displacement or pneumatic variable displacement compressor (e.g. a compressor that controls...

40 CFR 204.52 - Portable air compressor noise emission standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Portable air compressor noise emission standard. 204.52 Section 204.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.52...

40 CFR 204.52 - Portable air compressor noise emission standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Portable air compressor noise emission standard. 204.52 Section 204.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.52...

14. VIEW OF AIR COMPRESSOR. 1500 kw Westinghouse AC generator ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. VIEW OF AIR COMPRESSOR. 1500 kw Westinghouse AC generator steam-turbine unit; beyond is air compressor of Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company, 1920, engineered by Earl E. Know Company, Erie, Pennsylvania. - Juniata Shops, Power Plant & Boiler House, East of Fourth Avenue at Second Street, Altoona, Blair County, PA

Integrated turbomachine oxygen plant

DOEpatents

Anand, Ashok Kumar; DePuy, Richard Anthony; Muthaiah, Veerappan

2014-06-17

An integrated turbomachine oxygen plant includes a turbomachine and an air separation unit. One or more compressor pathways flow compressed air from a compressor through one or more of a combustor and a turbine expander to cool the combustor and/or the turbine expander. An air separation unit is operably connected to the one or more compressor pathways and is configured to separate the compressed air into oxygen and oxygen-depleted air. A method of air separation in an integrated turbomachine oxygen plant includes compressing a flow of air in a compressor of a turbomachine. The compressed flow of air is flowed through one or more of a combustor and a turbine expander of the turbomachine to cool the combustor and/or the turbine expander. The compressed flow of air is directed to an air separation unit and is separated into oxygen and oxygen-depleted air.

Stall/surge dynamics of a multi-stage air compressor in response to a load transient of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azizi, Mohammad Ali; Brouwer, Jacob

2017-10-01

A better understanding of turbulent unsteady flows in gas turbine systems is necessary to design and control compressors for hybrid fuel cell-gas turbine systems. Compressor stall/surge analysis for a 4 MW hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for locomotive applications is performed based upon a 1.7 MW multi-stage air compressor. Control strategies are applied to prevent operation of the hybrid SOFC-GT beyond the stall/surge lines of the compressor. Computational fluid dynamics tools are used to simulate the flow distribution and instabilities near the stall/surge line. The results show that a 1.7 MW system compressor like that of a Kawasaki gas turbine is an appropriate choice among the industrial compressors to be used in a 4 MW locomotive SOFC-GT with topping cycle design. The multi-stage radial design of the compressor enhances the ability of the compressor to maintain air flow rate during transient step-load changes. These transient step-load changes are exhibited in many potential applications for SOFC/GT systems. The compressor provides sustained air flow rate during the mild stall/surge event that occurs due to the transient step-load change that is applied, indicating that this type of compressor is well-suited for this hybrid application.

Evaluation of centrifugal compressor performance with water injection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beede, William L; Hamrick, Joseph T; Withee, Joseph R , Jr

1951-01-01

The effects of water injection on a compressor are presented. To determine the effects of varying water-air ratio, the compressor was operated at a constant equivalent impeller speed over a range of water-air ratios and weight flows. Operation over a range of weight flows at one water-air ratio and two inlet air temperatures was carried out to obtain an indication of the effects of varying inlet air temperature. Beyond a water-air ratio of 0.03 there was no increase in maximum air-weight flow, a negligible rise in peak total-pressure ratio, and a decrease in peak adiabatic efficiency. An increase in inlet air temperature resulted in an increase in the magnitude of evaporation. An analysis of data indicated that the magnitude of evaporation within the compressor impeller was small.

Centrifugal Compressor Surge Controlled

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2003-01-01

It shows the variation in compressor mass flow with time as the mass flow is throttled to drive the compressor into surge. Surge begins where wide variations in mass flow occur. Air injection is then turned on to bring about a recovery from the initial surge condition and stabilize the compressor. The throttle is closed further until surge is again initiated. Air injection is increased to again recover from the surge condition and stabilize the compressor.

Development of a High Efficiency Compressor/Expander for an Air Cycle Air Conditioning System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-15

bearing, lb PHUB - Hub pressure (initial guess), psia RLG - Rotor length 1 ’B-2 RPM - Rotational speed, RPM R - Gas constant, lb -ft/lb - R CP - Specific...Compressor discharge port pressure ratio (PCD/PC2).:- CDP - Compressor pressure change, PCD-PCl PHUB - Pressure in compressor hub (acting on base of vanes

Shelter Deployment at Former Army Camp Tuto, Greenland

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-29

compressors Included in the crate 2 air compressors TOTAL Weight 250 lb Size 48 × 24 × 24 in. ERDC/CRREL TN-14-2 3 2 Preparation 2.1 Practice...airbeam-frame inflation Inflation of the airbeam structure was facilitated by a 1.8 hp Dewalt air compressor connected to a Honda 2500 W generator running...off of JP-8 diesel fuel (Figure 11). Both the compressor and generator maintained 100% operability at −20°F ambient. The air compressor’s pressure

Mid-section of a can-annular gas turbine engine with a radial air flow discharged from the compressor section

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Little, David A.; McQuiggan, Gerard; Wasdell, David L.

A midframe portion (213) of a gas turbine engine (210) is presented, and includes a compressor section (212) configured to discharge an air flow (211) directed in a radial direction from an outlet of the compressor section (212). Additionally, the midframe portion (213) includes a manifold (214) to directly couple the air flow (211) from the compressor section (212) outlet to an inlet of a respective combustor head (218) of the midframe portion (213).

Deaths Due to Accidental Air Conditioner Compressor Explosion: A Case Series.

PubMed

Behera, Chittaranjan; Bodwal, Jatin; Sikary, Asit K; Chauhan, Mohit Singh; Bijarnia, Manjul

2017-01-01

In an air-conditioning system, the compressor is a large electric pump that pressurizes the refrigerant gas as part of the process of turning it back into a liquid. The explosion of an air conditioner (AC) compressor is an uncommon event, and immediate death resulted from the blast effect is not reported in forensic literature. We report three such cases in which young AC mechanics were killed on the spot due to compressor blast, while repairing the domestic split AC unit. The autopsy findings, the circumstances leading to the explosion of the compressor, are discussed in this study. © 2016 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Dynamic simulation solves process control problem in Oman

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-11-16

A dynamic simulation study solved the process control problems for a Saih Rawl, Oman, gas compressor station operated by Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO). PDO encountered persistent compressor failure that caused frequent facility shutdowns, oil production deferment, and gas flaring. It commissioned MSE (Consultants) Ltd., U.K., to find a solution for the problem. Saih Rawl, about 40 km from Qarn Alam, produces oil and associated gas from a large number of low and high-pressure wells. Oil and gas are separated in three separators. The oil is pumped to Qarn Alam for treatment and export. Associated gas is compressed in twomore » parallel trains. Train K-1115 is a 350,000 standard cu m/day, four-stage reciprocating compressor driven by a fixed-speed electric motor. Train K-1120 is a 1 million standard cu m/day, four-stage reciprocating compressor driven by a fixed-speed electric motor. Train K-1120 is a 1 million standard cu m/day, four-stage centrifugal compressor driven by a variable-speed motor. The paper describes tripping and surging problems with the gas compressor and the control simplifications that solved the problem.« less

Cooling system with compressor bleed and ambient air for gas turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marsh, Jan H.; Marra, John J.

A cooling system for a turbine engine for directing cooling fluids from a compressor to a turbine blade cooling fluid supply and from an ambient air source to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply to supply cooling fluids to one or more airfoils of a rotor assembly is disclosed. The cooling system may include a compressor bleed conduit extending from a compressor to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply that provides cooling fluid to at least one turbine blade. The compressor bleed conduit may include an upstream section and a downstream section whereby the upstream section exhausts compressed bleed airmore » through an outlet into the downstream section through which ambient air passes. The outlet of the upstream section may be generally aligned with a flow of ambient air flowing in the downstream section. As such, the compressed air increases the flow of ambient air to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply.« less

Performance Investigations of a Large Centrifugal Compressor from an Experimental Turbojet Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ginsburg, Ambrose; Creagh, John W. R.; Ritter, William K.

1948-01-01

An investigation was conducted on a large centrifugal compressor from an experimental turbojet engine to determine the performance of the compressor and to obtain fundamental information on the aerodynamic problems associated with large centrifugal-type compressors. The results of the research conducted on the compressor indicated that the compressor would not meet the desired engine-design air-flow requirements (78 lb/sec) because of an air-flow restriction in the vaned collector (diffuser). Revision of the vaned collector resulted in an increased air-flow capacity over the speed range and showed improved matching of the impeller and diffuser components. At maximum flow, the original compressor utilized approximately 90 percent of the available geometric throat area at the vaned-collector inlet and the revised compressor utilized approximately 94 percent, regardless of impeller speed. The ratio of the maximum weight flows of the revised and original compressors were less than the ratio of effective critical throat areas of the two compressors because of the large pressure losses in the impeller near the impeller inelt and the difference increased with an increase in impeller speed. In order to further increase the pressure ratio and maximum weight flow of the compressor, the impeller must be modified to eliminate the pressure losses therein.

21 CFR 868.6250 - Portable air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Identification. A portable air compressor is a device intended to provide compressed air for medical purposes, e.g., to drive ventilators and other respiratory devices. (b) Classification. Class II (performance...

21 CFR 868.6250 - Portable air compressor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Identification. A portable air compressor is a device intended to provide compressed air for medical purposes, e.g., to drive ventilators and other respiratory devices. (b) Classification. Class II (performance...

Temperature Swing Adsorption Compressor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finn, John E.; Mulloth, Lila M.; Affleck, Dave L.

2001-01-01

Closing the oxygen loop in an air revitalization system based on four-bed molecular sieve and Sabatier reactor technology requires a vacuum pump-compressor that can take the low-pressure CO, from the 4BMS and compress and store for use by a Sabatier reactor. NASA Ames Research Center proposed a solid-state temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) compressor that appears to meet performance requirements, be quiet and reliable, and consume less power than a comparable mechanical compressor/accumulator combination. Under this task, TSA compressor technology is being advanced through development of a complete prototype system. A liquid-cooled TSA compressor has been partially tested, and the rest of the system is being fabricated. An air-cooled TSA compressor is also being designed.

Thermal engine driven heat pump for recovery of volatile organic compounds

DOEpatents

Drake, Richard L.

1991-01-01

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating volatile organic compounds from a stream of process gas. An internal combustion engine drives a plurality of refrigeration systems, an electrical generator and an air compressor. The exhaust of the internal combustion engine drives an inert gas subsystem and a heater for the gas. A water jacket captures waste heat from the internal combustion engine and drives a second heater for the gas and possibly an additional refrigeration system for the supply of chilled water. The refrigeration systems mechanically driven by the internal combustion engine effect the precipitation of volatile organic compounds from the stream of gas.

New Compressor Added to Glenn's 450- psig Combustion Air System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swan, Jeffrey A.

2000-01-01

In September 1999, the Central Process Systems Engineering Branch and the Maintenance and the Central Process Systems Operations Branch, released for service a new high pressure compressor to supplement the 450-psig Combustion Air System at the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. The new compressor, designated C-18, is located in Glenn s Central Air Equipment Building and is remotely operated from the Central Control Building. C-18 can provide 40 pounds per second (pps) of airflow at pressure to our research customers. This capability augments our existing system capacity (compressors C 4 at 38 pps and C-5 at 32 pps), which is generated from Glenn's Engine Research Building. The C-18 compressor was originally part of Glenn's 21-Inch Hypersonic Tunnel, which was transferred from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to Glenn in the mid-1980's. With the investment of construction of facilities funding, the compressor was modified, new mechanical and electrical support equipment were purchased, and the unit was installed in the basement of the Central Air Equipment Building. After several weeks of checkout and troubleshooting, the new compressor was ready for long-term, reliable operations. With a total of 110 pps in airflow now available, Glenn is well positioned to support the high-pressure air test requirements of our research customers.

Double throat pressure pulsation dampener for oil-free screw compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucas, Michael J.

2005-09-01

This paper describes a recent invention at Ingersoll-Rand for reducing the pressure pulsations in an oil-free screw compressor. Pressure pulsation is a term used in the air compressor industry to describe the rapid change in pressure with time measured in the downstream piping of the air compressor. The pulsations are due to the rapid opening and closing of the screws as the compressed air is eject from the compressor into the piping system. The pulsations are known to produce excessive noise levels and high levels of vibration in the piping system. Reducing these pulsations is critical to achieving a quiet running compressor. This paper will describe the methodology used to analyze the data and show both computational and experimental results achieved using the pulsation dampener. A patent for this design has been filed with the US patent office.

Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell integral air accumular containment

DOEpatents

Gillett, James E.; Zafred, Paolo R.; Basel, Richard A.

2004-02-10

A fuel cell generator apparatus contains at least one fuel cell subassembly module in a module housing, where the housing is surrounded by a pressure vessel such that there is an air accumulator space, where the apparatus is associated with an air compressor of a turbine/generator/air compressor system, where pressurized air from the compressor passes into the space and occupies the space and then flows to the fuel cells in the subassembly module, where the air accumulation space provides an accumulator to control any unreacted fuel gas that might flow from the module.

The Supersonic Axial-Flow Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kantrowitz, Arthur

1950-01-01

An investigation has been made to explore the possibilities of axial-flow compressors operating with supersonic velocities into the blade rows. Preliminary calculations showed that very high pressure ratios across a stage, together with somewhat increased mass flows, were apparently possible with compressors which decelerated air through the speed of sound in their blading. The first phase of the investigation was the development of efficient supersonic diffusers to decelerate air through the speed of sound. The present report is largely a general discussion of some of the essential aerodynamics of single-stage supersonic axial-flow compressors. As an approach to the study of supersonic compressors, three possible velocity diagrams are discussed briefly. Because of the encouraging results of this study, an experimental single-stage supersonic compressor has been constructed and tested in Freon-12. In this compressor, air decelerates through the speed of sound in the rotor blading and enters the stators at subsonic speeds. A pressure ratio of about 1.8 at an efficiency of about 80 percent has been obtained.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LINEAR COMPRESSOR FOR AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS

EPA Science Inventory

The report discusses the design, building, testing, and delivering to the Environmental Protection Agency of a linear compressor for operation in a 3.0- ton (10.5 kW) residential air-conditioning and heat pumping system. The compressor design evolved from a linear resonant piston...

Rotor bore and turbine rotor wheel/spacer heat exchange flow circuit

DOEpatents

Caruso, Philip M.; Eldrid, Sacheverel Quentin; Ladhani, Azad A.; DeMania, Alan Richard; Palmer, Gene David; Wilson, Ian David; Rathbun, Lisa Shirley; Akin, Robert Craig

2002-01-01

In a turbine having closed-circuit steam-cooling passages about the rim of the rotor during steady-state operation, compressor discharge air is supplied to the rotor bore for passage radially outwardly into the wheel space cavities between the wheels and spacers. Communicating slots and channels in the spacers and wheels at circumferentially spaced positions enable egress of the compressor discharge air into the hot gas flow path. At turbine startup, cooling air flows through the closed-circuit steam passages to cool the outer rim of the rotor while compressor discharge air pre-warms the wheels and spacers. At steady-state, cooling steam is supplied in the closed-circuit steam-cooling passages and compressor discharge air is supplied through the bore and into the wheel space cavities to cool the rotor.

Seneca Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2012-11-30

This document provides specifications for the process air compressor for a compressed air storage project, requests a budgetary quote, and provides supporting information, including compressor data, site specific data, water analysis, and Seneca CAES value drivers.

30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compressed air systems. 77.412 Section 77.412... for Mechanical Equipment § 77.412 Compressed air systems. (a) Compressors and compressed-air receivers... involving the pressure system of compressors, receivers, or compressed-air-powered equipment shall not be...

30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compressed air systems. 77.412 Section 77.412... for Mechanical Equipment § 77.412 Compressed air systems. (a) Compressors and compressed-air receivers... involving the pressure system of compressors, receivers, or compressed-air-powered equipment shall not be...

Compensating effect of the coherent synchrotron radiation in bunch compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jing, Yichao; Hao, Yue; Litvinenko, Vladimir N.

2013-06-01

Typical bunch compression for a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) requires a large compression ratio. Frequently, this compression is distributed in multiple stages along the beam transport line. However, for a high-gain FEL driven by an energy recovery linac (ERL), compression must be accomplished in a single strong compressor located at the beam line’s end; otherwise the electron beam would be affected severely by coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the ERL’s arcs. In such a scheme, the CSR originating from the strong compressors could greatly degrade the quality of the electron beam. In this paper, we present our design for a bunch compressor that will limit the effect of CSR on the e-beam’s quality. We discuss our findings from a study of such a compressor, and detail its potential for an FEL driven by a multipass ERL developed for the electron-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

Study on energy saving effect of IHX on vehicle air conditioning system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Huguang; Tong, Lin; Xu, Ming; Wei, Wangrui; Zhao, Meng; Wang, Long

2018-02-01

In this paper, the performance of Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) air conditioning system for R134a is investigated in bench test and vehicle test. Comparison for cooling capacity and energy consumption between IHX air conditioning system and traditional tube air conditioning system are conducted. The suction temperature and discharge temperature of compressor is also recorded. The results show that IHX air conditioning system has higher cooling capacity, the vent temperature decrease 2.3 °C in idle condition. But the suction temperature and discharge temperature of compressor increase 10°C. IHX air conditioning system has lower energy consumption than traditional tube air conditioning system. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the application of IHX can significantly reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning system. At 25°C of environment temperature, AC system energy consumption decrease 14%, compressor energy consumption decrease 16%. At 37°C of environment temperature, AC system energy consumption decrease 16%, compressor energy consumption decrease 13%.

46. Communication equipment room, shock isolator air compressor at right, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. Communication equipment room, shock isolator air compressor at right, looking northeast - Ellsworth Air Force Base, Delta Flight, Launch Control Facility, County Road CS23A, North of Exit 127, Interior, Jackson County, SD

49 CFR 178.338-17 - Pumps and compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PACKAGINGS Specifications for Containers for Motor Vehicle Transportation § 178.338-17 Pumps and compressors. (a) Liquid pumps and gas compressors, if used, must be of suitable design, adequately protected against breakage by collision, and kept in good condition. They may be driven by motor vehicle power take...

49 CFR 178.337-15 - Pumps and compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PACKAGINGS Specifications for Containers for Motor Vehicle Transportation § 178.337-15 Pumps and compressors. (a) Liquid pumps or gas compressors, if used, must be of suitable design, adequately protected against breakage by collision, and kept in good condition. They may be driven by motor vehicle power take...

Heat shield manifold system for a midframe case of a gas turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayer, Clinton A.; Eng, Jesse; Schopf, Cheryl A.

A heat shield manifold system for an inner casing between a compressor and turbine assembly is disclosed. The heat shield manifold system protects the outer case from high temperature compressor discharge air, thereby enabling the outer case extending between a compressor and a turbine assembly to be formed from less expensive materials than otherwise would be required. In addition, the heat shield manifold system may be configured such that compressor bleed air is passed from the compressor into the heat shield manifold system without passing through a conventional flange to flange joint that is susceptible to leakage.

Japanese power electronics inverter technology and its impact on the American air conditioning industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ushimaru, Kenji

1990-08-01

Since 1983, technological advances and market growth of inverter-driven variable-speed heat pumps in Japan have been dramatic. The high level of market penetration was promoted by a combination of political, economic, and trade policies in Japan. A unique environment was created in which the leading domestic industries, microprocessor manufacturing, compressors for air conditioning and refrigerators, and power electronic devices, were able to direct the development and market success of inverter-driven heat pumps. As a result, leading U.S. variable-speed heat pump manufacturers should expect a challenge from the Japanese producers of power devices and microprocessors. Because of the vertically-integrated production structure in Japan, in contrast to the out-sourcing culture of the United States, price competition at the component level (such as inverters, sensors, and controls) may impact the structure of the industry more severely than final product sales.

30 CFR 7.506 - Breathable air components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... cylinders, or boreholes with fans installed on the surface or compressors installed on the surface. Only....5 percent. (c) Breathable air supplied by compressed air from cylinders, fans, or compressors shall provide a minimum flow rate of 12.5 cubic feet per minute of breathable air for each person. (1) Fans or...

Turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greer, D.

1988-02-16

In a turbine propulsion engine, an elongated motor is described including a power means and having a drive shaft projecting therefrom. A first compressor includes an elongated rotatable first casing coaxially mounted upon the motor having a fuel inlet for pressure feeding of fuel lengthwise of the first compressor. A second compressor includes a casing coaxially mounted upon and along the first compressor casing secured to the motor having an air inlet at its forward end for feeding high velocity compressed air lengthwise of the second compressor casing. An intermediate diverging casing at one end is peripherally connected to themore » second compressor casing having inner and outer diffusor chambers communicating respectively with the compressor for receiving high velocity vaporized fuel and compressed air. A turbine casing at one end is peripherally connected to the intermediate casing and at its other end having a converging exhaust outlet. An elongated combustion chamber of circular cross-section rotatably mounted and spaced within and journaled upon the turbine casing; an engine shaft extending axially through the combustion chamber, journaled upon the turbine casing and axially connected to the drive shaft.« less

Cooling performance and evaluation of automotive refrigeration system for a passenger car

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prajitno, Deendarlianto, Majid, Akmal Irfan; Mardani, Mahardeka Dhias; Wicaksono, Wendi; Kamal, Samsul; Purwanto, Teguh Pudji; Fauzun

2016-06-01

A new design of automotive refrigeration system for a passenger car was proposed. To ensure less energy consumption and optimal thermal comfort, the performance of the system were evaluated. This current research was aimed to evaluate the refrigeration characteristics of the system for several types of cooling load. In this present study, a four-passenger wagon car with 1500 cc gasoline engine that equipped by a belt driven compressor (BDC) was used as the tested vehicle. To represent the tropical condition, a set of lamps and wind sources are installed around the vehicle. The blower capacity inside a car is varied from 0.015 m/s to 0.027 m/s and the compressor speed is varied at variable 820, 1400, and 2100 rpm at a set temperature of 22°C. A set of thermocouples that combined by data logger were used to measure the temperature distribution. The system uses R-134a as the refrigerant. In order to determine the cooling capacity of the vehicle, two conditions were presented: without passengers and full load conditions. As the results, cooling capacity from any possible heating sources and transient characteristics of temperature in both systems for the cabin, engine, compressor, and condenser are presented in this work. As the load increases, the outlet temperature of evaporator also increases due to the increase of condensed air. This phenomenon also causes the increase of compressor work and compression ratio which associated to the addition of specific volume in compressor inlet.

75 FR 60097 - Colorado Interstate Gas Company; Notice of Intent To Prepare An Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... Proposed Project CIG proposes to construct and operate a new air blending station in Douglas County... Spruce Hill Air Blending Project would consist of the following: An air blending compressor station (the Spruce Hill Air Blending Station) containing a 215-, a 390-, and a 500-horsepower air compressor; A back...

75 FR 60441 - Colorado Interstate Gas Company; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... Proposed Project CIG proposes to construct and operate a new air blending station in Douglas County... Spruce Hill Air Blending Project would consist of the following: An air blending compressor station (the Spruce Hill Air Blending Station) containing a 215-, a 390-, and a 500-horsepower air compressor; A back...

Numerical Investigation of Flow in a Centrifugal Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grishin, Yu. A.; Bakulin, V. N.

2015-09-01

With the use of the domestic software suite of computational hydrodynamics Flow Vision based on application of the method of control volumes, numerical simulation of air composition and delivery by a centrifugal compressor employed for supercharging a piston engine has been carried out. The head-flow characteristics of the compressor, as well as the 3D fields of flow velocity and pressure distributions in the elements of the compressor flow passage, including the interblade channels of the impeller, have been obtained for various regimes. In the regimes of diminished air flow rate, surging phenomena are identified, characterized by a return flow. The application of the technique of numerical experiment will make it possible from here on to carry out design optimization of the compressor flow passage profile and thus to improve its basic characteristics — the degree of pressure increase, compressed air flow rate, and the efficiency — as well as to reduce the costs of the development and production of compressors.

Design and Simulation of a Pressure Wave Supercharger for a Small Two-Stroke Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Air at ambient pressure is passed through the compressor where the pressure is increased with the intended purpose of increasing the overall mass flow...rate of air to the intake manifold. For a small two-stroke engine that has little excess energy to spare for the operation of a compressor , the...exhaust gasses from the engine to drive a turbine that is linked via a shaft to a centrifugal compressor which feeds compressed air to the intake

Integrated Heat Switch/Oxide Sorption Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bard, Steven

1989-01-01

Thermally-driven, nonmechanical compressor uses container filled with compressed praseodymium cerium oxide powder (PrCeOx) to provide high-pressure flow of oxygen gas for driving closed-cycle Joule-Thomson-expansion refrigeration unit. Integrated heat switch/oxide sorption compressor has no moving parts except check valves, which control flow of oxygen gas between compressor and closed-cycle Joule-Thomson refrigeration system. Oxygen expelled from sorbent at high pressure by evacuating heat-switch gap and turning on heater.

Gas only nozzle

DOEpatents

Bechtel, William Theodore; Fitts, David Orus; DeLeonardo, Guy Wayne

2002-01-01

A diffusion flame nozzle gas tip is provided to convert a dual fuel nozzle to a gas only nozzle. The nozzle tip diverts compressor discharge air from the passage feeding the diffusion nozzle air swirl vanes to a region vacated by removal of the dual fuel components, so that the diverted compressor discharge air can flow to and through effusion holes in the end cap plate of the nozzle tip. In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle gas tip defines a cavity for receiving the compressor discharge air from a peripheral passage of the nozzle for flow through the effusion openings defined in the end cap plate.

Gas only nozzle fuel tip

DOEpatents

Bechtel, William Theodore; Fitts, David Orus; DeLeonardo, Guy Wayne

2002-01-01

A diffusion flame nozzle gas tip is provided to convert a dual fuel nozzle to a gas only nozzle. The nozzle tip diverts compressor discharge air from the passage feeding the diffusion nozzle air swirl vanes to a region vacated by removal of the dual fuel components, so that the diverted compressor discharge air can flow to and through effusion holes in the end cap plate of the nozzle tip. In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle gas tip defines a cavity for receiving the compressor discharge air from a peripheral passage of the nozzle for flow through the effusion openings defined in the end cap plate.

R744 ejector technology future perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hafner, Armin; Banasiak, Krzysztof

2016-09-01

Carbon Dioxide, CO2 (R744) was one of the first commonly applied working fluids in the infancy of refrigeration more than 100 years ago. In contrast to ammonia it mainly disappeared after the first generation of synthetic refrigerants have been introduced to the market after 1930. One reason was that the transition from low-rpm belt driven compressors towards the direct electrical motor driven compressors (50-60 Hz) was not performed for CO2 compressors before the revival introduced by Gustav Lorentzen in the 90is of last century. Since 1988 an enormous R & D effort has been made to further develop CO2 refrigeration technology in spite of the opposition from the chemical industry. Today CO2 refrigeration and heat pumping technologies are accepted as viable and sustainable alternatives for several applications like commercial refrigeration, transport refrigeration, vehicle air conditioning & heat pumping, domestic hot water heat pumps and industrial applications. For some applications, the current threshold to introduce R744 technology can be overcome when the system design takes into account the advantage of the thermo dynamical- and fluid properties of CO2. I.e. the system is designed for transcritical operation with all it pros and cons and takes into consideration how to minimize the losses, and to apply the normally lost expansion work. Shortcut-designs, i.e. drop in solutions, just replacing the H(C)FC refrigeration unit with an CO2 systems adapted for higher system pressures will not result in energy efficient products. CO2 systems do offer the advantage of enabling flooded evaporators supported with adapted ejector technology. These units offer high system performances at low temperature differences and show low temperature air mal-distributions across evaporators. This work gives an overview for the development possibilities for several applications during the next years. Resulting in a further market share increase of CO2 refrigeration and heat pump systems, as energy efficient alternatives to current systems not applying natural working fluids.

USAF bioenvironmental noise data handbook. Volume 163: GPC-28 compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rau, T. H.

1982-05-01

The GPC-28 is a gasoline engine-driven compressor with a 120 volt 60 Hz generator used for general purpose maintenance. This report provides measured and extrapolated data defining the bioacoustic environments produced by this unit operating outdoors on a concrete apron at a normal rated condition. Near-field data are reported for 37 locations in a wide variety of physical and psychoacoustic measures: overall and band sound pressure levels, C-weighted and A-weighted sound levels, preferred speech interference level, perceived noise level, and limiting times for total daily exposure of personnel with and without standard Air Force ear protectors. Far-field data measured at 36 locations are normalized to standard meteorological conditions and extrapolated from 10 - 1600 meters to derive sets of equal-value contours for these same seven acoustic measures as functions of angle and distance from the source.

Compressed Air System Optimization: Case Study Food Industry in Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widayati, Endang; Nuzahar, Hasril

2016-01-01

Compressors and compressed air systems was one of the most important utilities in industries or factories. Approximately 10% of the cost of electricity in the industry was used to produce compressed air. Therefore the potential for energy savings in the compressors and compressed air systems had a big challenge. This field was conducted especially in Indonesia food industry or factory. Compressed air system optimization was a technique approach to determine the optimal conditions for the operation of compressors and compressed air systems that included evaluation of the energy needs, supply adjustment, eliminating or reconfiguring the use and operation of inefficient, changing and complementing some equipment and improving operating efficiencies. This technique gave the significant impact for energy saving and costs. The potential savings based on this study through measurement and optimization e.g. system that lowers the pressure of 7.5 barg to 6.8 barg would reduce energy consumption and running costs approximately 4.2%, switch off the compressor GA110 and GA75 was obtained annual savings of USD 52,947 ≈ 455 714 kWh, running GA75 light load or unloaded then obtained annual savings of USD 31,841≈ 270,685 kWh, install new compressor 2x132 kW and 1x 132 kW VSD obtained annual savings of USD 108,325≈ 928,500 kWh. Furthermore it was needed to conduct study of technical aspect of energy saving potential (Investment Grade Audit) and performed Cost Benefit Analysis. This study was one of best practice solutions how to save energy and improve energy performance in compressors and compressed air system.

Cooled-Spool Piston Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, Brian G.

1994-01-01

Proposed cooled-spool piston compressor driven by hydraulic power and features internal cooling of piston by flowing hydraulic fluid to limit temperature of compressed gas. Provides sufficient cooling for higher compression ratios or reactive gases. Unlike conventional piston compressors, all parts of compressed gas lie at all times within relatively short distance of cooled surface so that gas cooled more effectively.

Chapter 22: Compressed Air Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kurnik, Charles W; Benton, Nathanael; Burns, Patrick

Compressed-air systems are used widely throughout industry for many operations, including pneumatic tools, packaging and automation equipment, conveyors, and other industrial process operations. Compressed-air systems are defined as a group of subsystems composed of air compressors, air treatment equipment, controls, piping, pneumatic tools, pneumatically powered machinery, and process applications using compressed air. A compressed-air system has three primary functional subsystems: supply, distribution, and demand. Air compressors are the primary energy consumers in a compressed-air system and are the primary focus of this protocol. The two compressed-air energy efficiency measures specifically addressed in this protocol are: High-efficiency/variable speed drive (VSD) compressormore » replacing modulating, load/unload, or constant-speed compressor; and Compressed-air leak survey and repairs. This protocol provides direction on how to reliably verify savings from these two measures using a consistent approach for each.« less

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Auxiliary Cooling System for Jet Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leamy, Kevin; Griffiths, Jim; Andersen, Paul; Joco, Fidel; Laski, Mark; Balser, Jeffrey (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

This report summarizes the technical effort of the Active Cooling for Enhanced Performance (ACEP) program sponsored by NASA. It covers the design, fabrication, and integrated systems testing of a jet engine auxiliary cooling system, or turbocooler, that significantly extends the use of conventional jet fuel as a heat sink. The turbocooler is designed to provide subcooled cooling air to the engine exhaust nozzle system or engine hot section. The turbocooler consists of three primary components: (1) a high-temperature air cycle machine driven by engine compressor discharge air, (2) a fuel/ air heat exchanger that transfers energy from the hot air to the fuel and uses a coating to mitigate fuel deposits, and (3) a high-temperature fuel injection system. The details of the turbocooler component designs and results of the integrated systems testing are documented. Industry Version-Data and information deemed subject to Limited Rights restrictions are omitted from this document.

Aircraft Rockets,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-16

applied the cospressczs cf two types - axial and centrifugal . Axial-flow compressor ccnsists of the set of fastened with each o her rotor wheals...to 16 such steps/stages. Air compression can be made by the centrifugal compressor in which the entered through the central opening/aperture air is...pressure. Centrifugal comEressors usually are single-stage. Combustion chamber is placed between the turbine and the compressor, they are which they are

Standing wave compressor

DOEpatents

Lucas, Timothy S.

1991-01-01

A compressor for compression-evaporation cooling systems, which requires no moving parts. A gaseous refrigerant inside a chamber is acoustically compressed and conveyed by means of a standing acoustic wave which is set up in the gaseous refrigerant. This standing acoustic wave can be driven either by a transducer, or by direct exposure of the gas to microwave and infrared sources, including solar energy. Input and output ports arranged along the chamber provide for the intake and discharge of the gaseous refrigerant. These ports can be provided with optional valve arrangements, so as to increase the compressor's pressure differential. The performance of the compressor in either of its transducer or electromagnetically driven configurations, can be optimized by a controlling circuit. This controlling circuit holds the wavelength of the standing acoustical wave constant, by changing the driving frequency in response to varying operating conditions.

Air-Cooled Design of a Temperature-Swing Adsorption Compressor for Closed-Loop Air Revitalization Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulloth, Lila M.; Affleck, Dave L.; Rosen, Micha; LeVan, M. Douglas; Wang, Yuan; Cavalcante, Celio L.

2004-01-01

The air revitalization system of the International Space Station (ISS) operates in an open loop mode and relies on the resupply of oxygen and other consumables from earth for the life support of astronauts. A compressor is required for delivering the carbon dioxide from a removal assembly to a reduction unit to recover oxygen and thereby closing the air-loop. We have a developed a temperature-swing adsorption compressor (TSAC) for performing these tasks that is energy efficient, quiet, and has no rapidly moving parts. This paper discusses the mechanical design and the results of thermal model validation tests of a TSAC that uses air as the cooling medium.

Performance of NACA Eight-stage Axial-flow Compressor Designed on the Basis of Airfoil Theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sinnette, John T; Schey, Oscar W; King, J Austin

1943-01-01

The NACA has conducted an investigation to determine the performance that can be obtained from a multistage axial-flow compressor based on airfoil research. A theory was developed; an eight-stage axial-flow compressor was designed, constructed, and tested. The performance of the compressor was determined for speeds from 5000 to 14,000 r.p.m with varying air flow at each speed. Most of the tests were made with air at room temperature. The performance was determined in accordance with the Committee's recommended procedure for testing superchargers. The expected performance was obtained, showing that a multistage compressor of high efficiency can be designed by the application of airfoil theory.

40 CFR Appendix I to Part 204 - Appendix I to Part 204

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... plane composition: Operating speed as tested: Beginning of test rpm End of test rpm Air pressure... acceptance not permitted for this number of batches. Table IV—Recommended Format for Portable Air Compressor... capacity: cfm (m3/in). Configuration identification: Category identification: Portable air compressor...

40 CFR Appendix I to Part 204 - Appendix I to Part 204

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... plane composition: Operating speed as tested: Beginning of test rpm End of test rpm Air pressure... acceptance not permitted for this number of batches. Table IV—Recommended Format for Portable Air Compressor... capacity: cfm (m3/in). Configuration identification: Category identification: Portable air compressor...

40 CFR Appendix I to Part 204 - Appendix I to Part 204

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... plane composition: Operating speed as tested: Beginning of test rpm End of test rpm Air pressure... acceptance not permitted for this number of batches. Table IV—Recommended Format for Portable Air Compressor... capacity: cfm (m3/in). Configuration identification: Category identification: Portable air compressor...

Method of cooling gas only nozzle fuel tip

DOEpatents

Bechtel, William Theodore; Fitts, David Orus; DeLeonardo, Guy Wayne

2002-01-01

A diffusion flame nozzle gas tip is provided to convert a dual fuel nozzle to a gas only nozzle. The nozle tip diverts compressor discharge air from the passage feeding the diffusion nozzle air swirl vanes to a region vacated by removal of the dual fuel components, so that the diverted compressor discharge air can flow to and through effusion holes in the end cap plate of the nozzle tip. In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle gas tip defines a cavity for receiving the compressor discharge air from a peripheral passage of the nozzle for flow through the effusion openings defined in the end cap plate.

Experimental Investigation of Centrifugal Compressor Stabilization Techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2003-01-01

Results from a series of experiments to investigate techniques for extending the stable flow range of a centrifugal compressor are reported. The research was conducted in a high-speed centrifugal compressor at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The stabilizing effect of steadily flowing air-streams injected into the vaneless region of a vane-island diffuser through the shroud surface is described. Parametric variations of injection angle, injection flow rate, number of injectors, injector spacing, and injection versus bleed were investigated for a range of impeller speeds and tip clearances. Both the compressor discharge and an external source were used for the injection air supply. The stabilizing effect of flow obstructions created by tubes that were inserted into the diffuser vaneless space through the shroud was also investigated. Tube immersion into the vaneless space was varied in the flow obstruction experiments. Results from testing done at impeller design speed and tip clearance are presented. Surge margin improved by 1.7 points using injection air that was supplied from within the compressor. Externally supplied injection air was used to return the compressor to stable operation after being throttled into surge. The tubes, which were capped to prevent mass flux, provided 9.3 points of additional surge margin over the baseline surge margin of 11.7 points.

8. VIEW OF AFTERCOOLER FOR ALLISCHALMER AXIAL AIR COMPRESSORS IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF AFTERCOOLER FOR ALLIS-CHALMER AXIAL AIR COMPRESSORS IN THE LOW PURITY BULK OXYGEN BUILDING LOOKING WEST. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Fuel & Utilities Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

9. VIEW OF AFTERCOOLER FOR ALLISCHALMER AXIAL AIR COMPRESSORS IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. VIEW OF AFTERCOOLER FOR ALLIS-CHALMER AXIAL AIR COMPRESSORS IN THE LOW PURITY BULK OXYGEN BUILDING LOOKING WEST. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Fuel & Utilities Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

Turbine Engine with Differential Gear Driven Fan and Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suciu, Gabriel L. (Inventor); Pagluica, Gino J. (Inventor); Duong, Loc Quang (Inventor); Portlock, Lawrence E. (Inventor)

2013-01-01

A gas turbine engine provides a differential gear system coupling the turbine to the bypass fan and the compressor. In this manner, the power/speed split between the bypass fan and the compressor can be optimized under all conditions. In the example shown, the turbine drives a sun gear, which drives a planet carrier and a ring gear in a differential manner. One of the planet carrier and the ring gear is coupled to the bypass fan, while the other is coupled to the compressor.

Unmanned. Evaluation of Bauer High Pressure Breathing Air P-5 Purification System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

suspended in the compressed air . The molecular sieve is made to adsorb oil and water vapors. The second cylinder uses cartridge No. 058825 and is a...during compressor start up. This provides for optimum filtering, moisture separation and prevents compressed air return from the charged air storage...reciprocating, air -cooled unit. The compressor is rated to deliver 20 cfm of free air compressed to 5000 psig. - .. .. . .. ’,= .• .. . .. . -. . I

Compressed air energy storage system

DOEpatents

Ahrens, F.W.; Kartsounes, G.T.

An internal combustion reciprocating engine is operable as a compressor during slack demand periods utilizing excess power from a power grid to charge air into an air storage reservoir and as an expander during peak demand periods to feed power into the power grid utilizing air obtained from the air storage reservoir together with combustion reciprocating engine is operated at high pressure and a low pressure turbine and compressor are also employed for air compression and power generation.

Closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine

DOEpatents

North, William Edward

2000-01-01

Method and apparatus are disclosed for providing a closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine. The method and apparatus provide for bleeding pressurized air from a gas turbine engine compressor for use in cooling the turbine components. The compressed air is cascaded through the various stages of the turbine. At each stage a portion of the compressed air is returned to the compressor where useful work is recovered.

Compressed breathing air - the potential for evil from within.

PubMed

Millar, Ian L; Mouldey, Peter G

2008-06-01

Human underwater activities rely on an adequate supply of breathable compressed gas, usually air, free from contaminants that could cause incapacitation underwater or post-dive or longer-term health effects. Potentially fatal but well-known hazards are hypoxia secondary to steel cylinder corrosion and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning due to contaminated intake air. Another phenomenon may be behind some previously unexplained episodes of underwater incapacitation and perhaps death: low-level CO poisoning and/or the effects of gaseous contaminants generated within the compressor, including toluene and other volatile compounds. Many low molecular weight volatile contaminants are anaesthetic and will be potentiated by pressure and nitrogen narcosis. In sub-anaesthetic doses, impaired judgement, lowered seizure threshold and sensitisation of the heart to arrhythmias may occur. Toxic compounds can be volatilised from some compressor oils, especially mineral oils, in overheated compressors, or be created de novo under certain combinations of temperature, humidity and pressure, perhaps catalysed by metal traces from compressor wear and tear. Most volatiles can be removed by activated carbon filtration but many filters are undersized and may overload in hot, moist conditions and with short dwell times. A compressor that passes normal testing could contaminate one or more cylinders after heating up and then return to producing clean air as the filters dry and the systems cool. The scope of this problem is very unclear as air quality is tested infrequently and often inadequately, even after fatalities. More research is needed as well as better education regarding the safe operation and limitations of high-pressure breathing air compressors.

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

49 CFR 230.71 - Orifice testing of compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Compressor size Single strokes per minute Diameter of orifice(in inches) Air pressure maintained(in pounds... feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase...

14. NORTHEASTERN VIEW OF ORIGINAL DEMAG AIR COMPRESSOR UNIT FOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. NORTHEASTERN VIEW OF ORIGINAL DEMAG AIR COMPRESSOR UNIT FOR THE LINDE 1000 TONS PER DAY HIGH PURITY OXYGEN MAKING PLANT. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Fuel & Utilities Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

Influence of Mach Number and Dynamic Pressure on Cavity Tones and Freedrop Trajectories

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

primary purpose is to ensure a steady flow of high pressure air from the compressors to the stagnation chamber. One side of the diaphragm is connected...collected for 20 psi stagnation pressure due to insufficient run times, even at the increased compressor air pressure of 180 psi. Furthermore, the data from...M-36 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

Interaction of temperature, humidity, driver preferences, and refrigerant type on air conditioning compressor usage.

PubMed

Levine, C; Younglove, T; Barth, M

2000-10-01

Recent studies have shown large increases in vehicle emissions when the air conditioner (AC) compressor is engaged. Factors that affect the compressor-on percentage can have a significant impact on vehicle emissions and can also lead to prediction errors in current emissions models if not accounted for properly. During 1996 and 1997, the University of California, Riverside, College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) conducted a vehicle activity study for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in the Sacramento, CA, region. The vehicles were randomly selected from all registered vehicles in the region. As part of this study, ten vehicles were instrumented to collect AC compressor on/off data on a second-by-second basis in the summer of 1997. Temperature and humidity data were obtained and averaged on an hourly basis. The ten drivers were asked to complete a short survey about AC operational preferences. This paper examines the effects of temperature, humidity, refrigerant type, and driver preferences on air conditioning compressor activity. Overall, AC was in use in 69.1% of the trips monitored. The compressor was on an average of 64% of the time during the trips. The personal preference settings had a significant effect on the AC compressor-on percentage but did not interact with temperature. The refrigerant types, however, exhibited a differential response across temperature, which may necessitate separate modeling of the R12 refrigerant-equipped vehicles from the R134A-equipped vehicles. It should be noted that some older vehicles do get retrofitted with new compressors that use R134A; however, none of the vehicles in this study had been retrofitted.

5. INTERIOR, LOOKING PAST HELIUM COMPRESSORS NO. 3 AND NO. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. INTERIOR, LOOKING PAST HELIUM COMPRESSORS NO. 3 AND NO. 2, TO NORTHEAST FRONT. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Helium Compression Plant, Test Area 1-115, intersection of Altair & Saturn Boulevards, Boron, Kern County, CA

8. ORIGINAL HELIUM COMPRESSOR, CIRCA 1957, BY HASKELL ENGINEERING, GLENDALE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. ORIGINAL HELIUM COMPRESSOR, CIRCA 1957, BY HASKELL ENGINEERING, GLENDALE, CALIFORNIA. Looking north. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Helium Compression Plant, Test Area 1-115, intersection of Altair & Saturn Boulevards, Boron, Kern County, CA

15. VIEW OF INGERSOLLRAND AIR COMPRESSOR, 1920 (left) and INGERSOLLRAND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. VIEW OF INGERSOLL-RAND AIR COMPRESSOR, 1920 (left) and INGERSOLL-RAND TURBINE GENERATOR UNIT AND FLYWHEEL, patented 1901-1911 (right). - Juniata Shops, Power Plant & Boiler House, East of Fourth Avenue at Second Street, Altoona, Blair County, PA

Long-Duration Testing of a Temperature-Swing Adsorption Compressor for Carbon Dioxide for Closed-Loop Air Revitalization Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosen, Micha; Mulloth, Lila; Varghese, Mini

2005-01-01

This paper describes the results of long-duration testing of a temperature-swing adsorption compressor that has application in the International Space Station (ISS) and future spacecraft for closing the air revitalization loop. The air revitalization system of the ISS operates in an open loop mode and relies on the resupply of oxygen and other consumables from Earth for the life support of astronauts. A compressor is required for delivering the carbon dioxide from a removal assembly to a reduction unit to recover oxygen and thereby closing the air-loop. The TSAC is a solid-state compressor that has the capability to remove CO2 from a low-pressure source, and subsequently store, compress, and deliver at a higher pressure as required by a processor. The TSAC is an ideal interface device for CO2 removal and reduction units in the air revitalization loop of a spacecraft for oxygen recovery. The TSAC was developed and its operation was successfully verified in integration tests with the flight-like Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) at Marshall Space Flight Center prior to the long-duration tests. Long-duration tests reveal the impacts of repeated thermal cycling on the compressor components and the adsorbent material.

Design and Development of an air-cooled Temperature-Swing Adsorption Compressor for Carbon Dioxide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulloth, Lila M.

2003-01-01

The air revitalization system of the International Space Station (ISS) operates in an open loop mode and relies on the resupply of oxygen and other consumables from earth for the life support of astronauts. A compressor is required for delivering the carbon dioxide from a removal assembly to a reduction unit to recover oxygen and thereby closing the air-loop. We have a developed a temperature-swing adsorption compressor (TSAC) for performing these tasks that is energy efficient, quiet, and has no wearing parts. This paper discusses the design features of a TSAC hardware that uses air as the cooling medium and has Space Station application.

77 FR 31000 - Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

... amend the authorized operation of its new 15,000 horsepower (HP) electric motor- driven compressor... the 15,000 HP electric compressor unit at a maximum of 9,000 HP. Transco now seeks authorization to...

Investigation of TESCOM Driveshaft Assembly Failure

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-10-01

ratio, two-stage axial -flow compressor with a corrected tip speed of 1250 ft/sec at design . The flowpath casing diameter downstream of the inlet... Design of a 1250 ft/sec. Low-Aspect-Ratio, Single-Stage Axial -Flow Compressor , AFAPL-TR-79-2096, Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Wright...The TESCOM compressor described in this report is a 2.5-stage, low aspect ratio, axial -flow compressor . The performance objectives of this compressor

Solid State Compressor

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-20

Air Products and Chemicals , Inc . CONTRACT NO.: N00014-83-C-0394...performed by Air Products and Chemicals , Inc . 2.0 TASK 2. MECHANICAL SIMULATOR: SUBTASK 2.1, ONE CELL SIMULATOR 2.1 Purpose The overall goal of this...refrigerant 12 (Freon 12) • 4.5 Test final system, ten cell compressor, and cryostat APCI ., ’ APCI - Air Products and Chemicals , Inc . CPI -

7. SOUTHEASTERN VIEW TOWARD THE COMPRESSOR END OF TWO ALLISCHALMER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. SOUTHEASTERN VIEW TOWARD THE COMPRESSOR END OF TWO ALLIS-CHALMER AXIAL AIR COMPRESSORS IN THE LOW PURITY BULK OXYGEN BUILDING. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Fuel & Utilities Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

7. TOP SURFACES OF FOUR HYDRAULIC UNITS TO DRIVE COMPRESSORS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. TOP SURFACES OF FOUR HYDRAULIC UNITS TO DRIVE COMPRESSORS. Looking southeast along rear of building. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Helium Compression Plant, Test Area 1-115, intersection of Altair & Saturn Boulevards, Boron, Kern County, CA

35. VIEW LOOKING EAST IN PUMP ROOM. AIR COMPRESSOR ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. VIEW LOOKING EAST IN PUMP ROOM. AIR COMPRESSOR ON LEFT, FUEL OIL PUMP BEHIND ON LEFT, FUEL OIL HEATERS AND PUMPS IN BACKGROUND WITH DRAIN SYSTEM - Georgetown Steam Plant, South Warsaw Street, King County Airport, Seattle, King County, WA

Compressed air energy storage system

DOEpatents

Ahrens, Frederick W.; Kartsounes, George T.

1981-01-01

An internal combustion reciprocating engine is operable as a compressor during slack demand periods utilizing excess power from a power grid to charge air into an air storage reservoir and as an expander during peak demand periods to feed power into the power grid utilizing air obtained from the air storage reservoir together with combustible fuel. Preferably the internal combustion reciprocating engine is operated at high pressure and a low pressure turbine and compressor are also employed for air compression and power generation.

A Blast of Cool Air

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Unable to solve their engineering problem with a rotor in their Orbital Vane product, DynEco Corporation turned to Kennedy Space Center for help. KSC engineers determined that the compressor rotor was causing a large concentration of stress, which led to cracking and instant rotor failure. NASA redesigned the lubrication system, which allowed the company to move forward with its compressor that has no rubbing parts. The Orbital Vane is a refrigerant compressor suitable for mobile air conditioning and refrigeration.

Turbine inter-disk cavity cooling air compressor

DOEpatents

Chupp, Raymond E.; Little, David A.

1998-01-01

The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant.

Centrifugal Compressor Surge Margin Improved With Diffuser Hub Surface Air Injection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2002-01-01

Aerodynamic stability is an important parameter in the design of compressors for aircraft gas turbine engines. Compression system instabilities can cause compressor surge, which may lead to the loss of an aircraft. As a result, engine designers include a margin of safety between the operating line of the engine and the stability limit line of the compressor. The margin of safety is typically referred to as "surge margin." Achieving the highest possible level of surge margin while meeting design point performance objectives is the goal of the compressor designer. However, performance goals often must be compromised in order to achieve adequate levels of surge margin. Techniques to improve surge margin will permit more aggressive compressor designs. Centrifugal compressor surge margin improvement was demonstrated at the NASA Glenn Research Center by injecting air into the vaned diffuser of a 4:1-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor. Tests were performed using injector nozzles located on the diffuser hub surface of a vane-island diffuser in the vaneless region between the impeller trailing edge and the diffuser-vane leading edge. The nozzle flow path and discharge shape were designed to produce an air stream that remained tangent to the hub surface as it traveled into the diffuser passage. Injector nozzles were located near the leading edge of 23 of the 24 diffuser vanes. One passage did not contain an injector so that instrumentation located in that passage would be preserved. Several orientations of the injected stream relative to the diffuser vane leading edge were tested over a range of injected flow rates. Only steady flow (nonpulsed) air injection was tested. At 100 percent of the design speed, a 15-percent improvement in the baseline surge margin was achieved with a nozzle orientation that produced a jet that was bisected by the diffuser vane leading edge. Other orientations also improved the baseline surge margin. Tests were conducted at speeds below the design speed, and similar results were obtained. In most cases, the greatest improvement in surge margin occurred at fairly low levels of injected flow rate. Externally supplied injection air was used in these experiments. However, the injected flow rates that provided the greatest benefit could be produced using injection air that is recirculating between the diffuser discharge and nozzles located in the diffuser vaneless region. Future experiments will evaluate the effectiveness of recirculating air injection.

Compressor Stall Recovery Through Tip Injection Assessed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suder, Ken L.

2001-01-01

Aerodynamic stability is a fundamental limit in the compressor design process. The development of robust techniques for increasing stability has several benefits: enabling higher loading and fewer blades, increasing safety throughout a mission, increasing tolerance to stage mismatch during part-speed operation and speed transients, and providing an opportunity to match stages at the compressor maximum efficiency point, thus reducing fuel burn. Mass injection upstream of the tip of a high-speed axial compressor rotor is a stability enhancement approach known to be effective in suppressing stall in tip-critical rotors if the injection is activated before stall occurs. This approach to stall suppression requires that a reliable stall warning system be available. Tests have recently been performed to assess whether steady injection can also be used to recover from fully developed stall. If mass injection is effective in recovering from stall quickly enough to avoid structural damage or loss of engine power, then a stall warning system may not be required. The stall recovery tests were performed on a transonic compressor rotor at its design tip speed of 1475 ft/sec using four injectors evenly spaced around the compressor case upstream of the rotor. The injectors were connected to an external air source. In an actual engine application, the injected air would be supplied with compressor bleed air. The injectors were isolated from the air source by a fast-acting butterfly valve. With the injectors turned off, the compressor was throttled into stall. Air injection was then activated with no change in throttle setting by opening the butterfly valve. The compressor recovered from stall at a fixed throttle setting with the aid of tip injection. The unsteady operating characteristic of the rotor was measured during these tests using high-response pressure sensors located upstream and downstream of the rotor. The figure shows the results, where the unsteady pressure and mass flow are superimposed on the steady operating characteristic. The total injected mass flow was equal to 1.3 percent of the compressor flow. The solid line with no solid squares on it denotes the operating point during the beginning of throttle closure and the initial drop into stall. The gray traces denote the operating point during an additional throttle closure that occurred over the next 1200 rotor revolutions (4 sec). The dashed line denotes the recovery from stall that occurred during 90 rotor revolutions (0.3 sec) after the injectors were activated with no change in throttle setting. Tip injection not only recovers the compressor from stall, but also restores the compressor to its pre-stall level of pressure rise. In contrast, standard stall recovery schemes such as compressor bleed, stator vane actuation, or engine throttle modulation result in a loss of pressure rise across the compressor, which results in a loss of engine power.

Development and Testing of a Temperature-swing Adsorption Compressor for Carbon Dioxide in Closed-loop Air Revitalization Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulloth, Lila M.; Rosen, Micha; Affleck, David; LeVan, M. Douglas; Wang, Yuan

2005-01-01

The air revitalization system of the International Space Station (ISS) operates in an open loop mode and relies on the resupply of oxygen and other consumables from earth for the life support of astronauts. A compressor is required for delivering the carbon dioxide from a removal assembly to a reduction unit to recover oxygen and thereby dosing the air-loop. We have developed a temperature-swing adsorption compressor (TSAC) that is energy efficient, quiet, and has no rapidly moving parts for performing these tasks. The TSAC is a solid-state compressor that has the capability to remove CO2 from a low- pressure source, and subsequently store, compress, and deliver at a higher pressure as required by a processor. The TSAC is an ideal interface device for CO2 removal and reduction units in the air revitalization loop of a spacecraft for oxygen recovery. This paper discusses the design and testing of a TSAC for carbon dioxide that has application in the ISS and future spacecraft for closing the air revitalization loop.

Reliability and Maintainability Analysis of a High Air Pressure Compressor Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Safie, Fayssal M.; Ring, Robert W.; Cole, Stuart K.

2013-01-01

This paper discusses a Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) independent assessment conducted to support the refurbishment of the Compressor Station at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). The paper discusses the methodologies used by the assessment team to derive the repair by replacement (RR) strategies to improve the reliability and availability of the Compressor Station (Ref.1). This includes a RAPTOR simulation model that was used to generate the statistical data analysis needed to derive a 15-year investment plan to support the refurbishment of the facility. To summarize, study results clearly indicate that the air compressors are well past their design life. The major failures of Compressors indicate that significant latent failure causes are present. Given the occurrence of these high-cost failures following compressor overhauls, future major failures should be anticipated if compressors are not replaced. Given the results from the RR analysis, the study team recommended a compressor replacement strategy. Based on the data analysis, the RR strategy will lead to sustainable operations through significant improvements in reliability, availability, and the probability of meeting the air demand with acceptable investment cost that should translate, in the long run, into major cost savings. For example, the probability of meeting air demand improved from 79.7 percent for the Base Case to 97.3 percent. Expressed in terms of a reduction in the probability of failing to meet demand (1 in 5 days to 1 in 37 days), the improvement is about 700 percent. Similarly, compressor replacement improved the operational availability of the facility from 97.5 percent to 99.8 percent. Expressed in terms of a reduction in system unavailability (1 in 40 to 1 in 500), the improvement is better than 1000 percent (an order of magnitude improvement). It is worthy to note that the methodologies, tools, and techniques used in the LaRC study can be used to evaluate similar high value equipment components and facilities. Also, lessons learned in data collection and maintenance practices derived from the observations, findings, and recommendations of the study are extremely important in the evaluation and sustainment of new compressor facilities.

High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial Air Conditioning Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ruckes, John

2006-04-15

R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial air conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, air conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and air cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other air conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration Themore » technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-speed, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not currently utilized in commercial air conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High speed motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high speed, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher speed and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, it could not be operated at air cooled condensing temperatures. (7) The two-stage impellers/diffusers worked well separately but combined did not match well.« less

Method of and apparatus for preheating pressurized fluidized bed combustor and clean-up subsystem of a gas turbine power plant

DOEpatents

Cole, Rossa W.; Zoll, August H.

1982-01-01

In a gas turbine power plant having a pressurized fluidized bed combustor, gas turbine-air compressor subsystem and a gas clean-up subsystem interconnected for fluid flow therethrough, a pipe communicating the outlet of the compressor of the gas turbine-air compressor subsystem with the interior of the pressurized fluidized bed combustor and the gas clean-up subsystem to provide for flow of compressed air, heated by the heat of compression, therethrough. The pressurized fluidized bed combustor and gas clean-up subsystem are vented to atmosphere so that the heated compressed air flows therethrough and loses heat to the interior of those components before passing to the atmosphere.

Torsional Vibration Analysis of Reciprocating Compressor Trains driven by Induction Motors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brunelli, M.; Fusi, A.; Grasso, F.; Pasteur, F.; Ussi, A.

2015-08-01

The dynamic study of electric motor driven compressors, for Oil&Gas (O&G) applications, are traditionally performed in two steps separating the mechanical and the electrical systems. The packager conducts a Torsional Vibration Analysis (TVA) modeling the mechanical system with a lumped parameter scheme, without taking into account the electrical part. The electric motor supplier later performs a source current pulsation analysis on the electric motor system, based on the TVA results. The mechanical and the electrical systems are actually linked by the electromagnetic effect. The effect of the motor air-gap on TVA has only recently been taken into account by adding a spring and a damper between motor and ground in the model. This model is more accurate than the traditional one, but is applicable only to the steady-state condition and still fails to consider the reciprocal effects between the two parts of the system. In this paper the torsional natural frequencies calculated using both the traditional and the new model have been compared. Furthermore, simulation of the complete system has been achieved through the use of LMS AMESim, multi-physics, one-dimensional simulation software that simultaneously solves the shafts rotation and electric motor voltage equation. Finally, the transient phenomena that occur during start-up have been studied.

Active clearance control system for a turbomachine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, R. P.; Knapp, M. H.; Coulson, C. E. (Inventor)

1982-01-01

An axial compressor is provided with a cooling air manifold surrounding a portion of the shroud, and means for bleeding air from the compressor to the manifold for selectively flowing it in a modulating manner axially along the outer side of the stator/shroud to cool and shrink it during steady state operating conditions so as to obtain minimum shroud/rotor clearance conditions. Provision is also made to selectively divert the flow of cooling air from the manifold during transient periods of operation so as to alter the thermal growth or shrink rate of the stator/shroud and result in adequate clearance with the compressor rotor.

Experimental Investigation of Diffuser Hub Injection to Improve Centrifugal Compressor Stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2004-01-01

Results from a series of experiments to investigate whether centrifugal compressor stability could be improved by injecting air through the diffuser hub surface are reported. The research was conducted in a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor configured with a vane-island diffuser. Injector nozzles were located just upstream of the leading edge of the diffuser vanes. Nozzle orientations were set to produce injected streams angled at 8, 0 and +8 degrees relative to the vane mean camber line. Several injection flow rates were tested using both an external air supply and recirculation from the diffuser exit. Compressor flow range did not improve at any injection flow rate that was tested. Compressor flow range did improve slightly at zero injection due to the flow resistance created by injector openings on the hub surface. Leading edge loading and semi-vaneless space diffusion showed trends similar to those reported earlier from shroud surface experiments that did improve compressor flow range. Opposite trends are seen for hub injection cases where compressor flow range decreased. The hub injection data further explain the range improvement provided by shroud-side injection and suggest that different hub-side techniques may produce range improvement in centrifugal compressors.

Low coke fuel injector for a gas turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, J.R.

This patent describes a gas turbine carbureting device for disposal in a down-stream flowing compressor discharge air flow. It comprises: a spin chamber defined by a generally annular housing including a closed forward end having a continuous unobstructed inner surface and an open aft end wherein the forward end is upstream of the aft end with respect tot he compressor discharge airflow; at least one exhaust tube having an inlet disposed within the spin chamber wherein the exhaust tube is radially spaced apart from the annular housing and which together with the annular housing forms at least in part amore » first annular air passage leading to the forward end; the housing having a fuel entrance and a swirling air entrance to the first annular air passage and spaced axially apart from each other, and wherein the swirling air entrance and fuel entrance are downstream of the closer forward end with respect to the compressor discharge flow; and wherein the first air passage is formed for flowing swirling air from the swirling air passage to the aft end in an upstream direction with respect to the compressor discharge flow and the exhaust tube inlet is disposed within the swirl chamber so as to reverse the axial direction of the swirling air off the forward end from an upstream direction to a downstream direction through the exhaust tube.« less

Turbine inter-disk cavity cooling air compressor

DOEpatents

Chupp, R.E.; Little, D.A.

1998-01-06

The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant. 5 figs.

Calculated effects of turbine rotor-blade cooling-air flow, altitude, and compressor bleed point on performance of a turbojet engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arne, Vernon L; Nachtigall, Alfred J

1951-01-01

Effects of air-cooling turbine rotor blades on performance of a turbojet engine were calculated for a range of altitudes from sea level to 40,000 feet and a range of coolant flows up to 3 percent of compressor air flow, for two conditions of coolant bleed from the compressor. Bleeding at required coolant pressure resulted in a sea-level thrust reduction approximately twice the percentage coolant flow and in an increase in specific fuel consumption approximately equal to percentage coolant flow. For any fixed value of coolant flow ratio the percentage thrust reduction and percentage increase in specific fuel consumption decreased with altitude. Bleeding coolant at the compressor discharge resulted in an additional 1 percent loss in performance at sea level and in smaller increase in loss of performance at higher altitudes.

40 CFR 86.1868-12 - CO2 credits for improving the efficiency of air conditioning systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., engine displacement, transmission class and configuration, interior volume, climate control system type... Creditvalue (g/mi) Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, variable-displacement compressor (e.g. a compressor that controls displacement based on temperature setpoint and/or cooling demand of the air...

66. VIEW, LOOKING EAST, OF AIR COMPRESSOR LOCATED IN CONDENSER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

66. VIEW, LOOKING EAST, OF AIR COMPRESSOR LOCATED IN CONDENSER GALLERY BELOW TURBINE HALL. THIS UNIT WAS POWERED BY A RECIPROCATING STEAM ENGINE AND WAS PART OF THE ORIGINAL PLANT MACHINERY. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

40 CFR 204.57-3 - Test compressor preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.57-3 Test... measurement methodology. (c) In the event of compressor manfunction (i.e., failure to start, misfiring... in a normal manner. (d) No quality control, testing, assembly, or selection procedures shall be used...

Experimental studies on twin PTCs driven by dual piston head linear compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gour, Abhay S.; Joy, Joewin; Sagar, Pankaj; Sudharshan, H.; Mallappa, A.; Karunanithi, R.; Jacob, S.

2017-02-01

An experimental study on pulse tube cryocooler is presented with a twin pulse tube configuration. The study is conducted with a dual piston head linear compressor design which is developed indigenously. The two identical pulse tube cryocoolers are operated by a single linear motor which generates 1800 out of phase dual pressure waves. The advantages of the configuration being the reduction in fabrication cost and the increased cooling power. The compressor is driven at a frequency of 48 Hz using indigenously developed PWM based power supply. The CFD study of pulse tube cryocooler is discussed along with the experimental cool down results. A detailed experimental and FEM based studies on the fabrication procedure of heat exchangers is conducted to ensure better heat transfer in the same.

75 FR 33803 - Sabine Pipe Line LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... natural gas-driven compressor units totaling 2,464 horsepower. Sabine states that for the past several years, the Lake Charles Compressor Facilities have not been necessary to provide transportation services... comments, protests, and interventions via the Internet in lieu [[Page 33804

Cooling system having dual suction port compressor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Guolian

2017-08-29

A cooling system for appliances, air conditioners, and other spaces includes a compressor, and a condenser that receives refrigerant from the compressor. The system also includes an evaporator that receives refrigerant from the condenser. Refrigerant received from the condenser flows through an upstream portion of the evaporator. A first portion of the refrigerant flows to the compressor without passing through a downstream portion of the evaporator, and a second portion of the refrigerant from the upstream portion of the condenser flows through the downstream portion of the evaporator after passing through the upstream portion of the evaporator. The second portionmore » of the refrigerant flows to the compressor after passing through the downstream portion of the evaporator. The refrigeration system may be configured to cool an appliance such as a refrigerator and/or freezer, or it may be utilized in air conditioners for buildings, motor vehicles, or other such spaces.« less

Effect of double air injection on performance characteristics of centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirano, Toshiyuki; Takano, Mizuki; Tsujita, Hoshio

2015-02-01

In the operation of a centrifugal compressor of turbocharger, instability phenomena such as rotating stall and surge are induced at a lower flow rate close to the maximum pressure ratio. In this study, for the suppression of surge phenomenon resulting in the extension of the stable operating range of centrifugal compressor to lower flow rate, the compressed air at the compressor exit was re-circulated and injected into the impeller inlet by using the double injection nozzle system. The experiments were performed to find out the optimum circumferential position of the second nozzle relative to the fixed first one and the optimum inner diameter of the injection nozzles, which are able to most effectively reduce the flow rate of surge inception. Moreover, in order to examine the universality of these optimum values, the experiments were carried out for two types of compressors.

Refrigeration system having dual suction port compressor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Guolian

A cooling system for appliances, air conditioners, and other spaces includes a compressor, and a condenser that receives refrigerant from the compressor. The system also includes an evaporator that receives refrigerant from the condenser. Refrigerant received from the condenser flows through an upstream portion of the evaporator. A first portion of the refrigerant flows to the compressor without passing through a downstream portion of the evaporator, and a second portion of the refrigerant from the upstream portion of the condenser flows through the downstream portion of the evaporator after passing through the upstream portion of the evaporator. The second portionmore » of the refrigerant flows to the compressor after passing through the downstream portion of the evaporator. The refrigeration system may be configured to cool an appliance such as a refrigerator and/or freezer, or it may be utilized in air conditioners for buildings, motor vehicles, or other such spaces.« less

Controlled shutdown of a fuel cell

DOEpatents

Clingerman, Bruce J.; Keskula, Donald H.

2002-01-01

A method is provided for the shutdown of a fuel cell system to relieve system overpressure while maintaining air compressor operation, and corresponding vent valving and control arrangement. The method and venting arrangement are employed in a fuel cell system, for instance a vehicle propulsion system, comprising, in fluid communication, an air compressor having an outlet for providing air to the system, a combustor operative to provide combustor exhaust to the fuel processor.

40 CFR 204.55-3 - Configuration identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compressor stages. (3) Maximum pressure (psi). (4) Air intake system of compressor: (i) Number of filters; (ii) Type of filters. (5) The engine system: (i) Number of cylinders and configuration (L-6, V-8, V-12..., water cooled. (7) Fan: (i) Diameter; (ii) Maximum fan rpm. (8) The compressor enclosure: (i) Height...

40 CFR 204.55-3 - Configuration identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... compressor stages. (3) Maximum pressure (psi). (4) Air intake system of compressor: (i) Number of filters; (ii) Type of filters. (5) The engine system: (i) Number of cylinders and configuration (L-6, V-8, V-12..., water cooled. (7) Fan: (i) Diameter; (ii) Maximum fan rpm. (8) The compressor enclosure: (i) Height...

40 CFR 204.55-3 - Configuration identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compressor stages. (3) Maximum pressure (psi). (4) Air intake system of compressor: (i) Number of filters; (ii) Type of filters. (5) The engine system: (i) Number of cylinders and configuration (L-6, V-8, V-12..., water cooled. (7) Fan: (i) Diameter; (ii) Maximum fan rpm. (8) The compressor enclosure: (i) Height...

40 CFR 204.55-3 - Configuration identification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compressor stages. (3) Maximum pressure (psi). (4) Air intake system of compressor: (i) Number of filters; (ii) Type of filters. (5) The engine system: (i) Number of cylinders and configuration (L-6, V-8, V-12..., water cooled. (7) Fan: (i) Diameter; (ii) Maximum fan rpm. (8) The compressor enclosure: (i) Height...

[Lubricant-free piston compressors for mechanized medical instruments].

PubMed

Sabitov, V Kh; Repin, V A; Kil'kinov, A A

1988-01-01

Piston compressor without lubrication with air blow to packing rings by plunger, disposed in subpiston space, is recommended as the basic scheme of construction of a power supply unit for medical pneumatic tooling. The construction reduces a leak of the compressive medium, increasing the efficiency of a compressor and seal reliability.

6. COMPRESSOR CONTROL PANELS: AT LEFT, 6,000 P.S.I. PANEL, CIRCA ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. COMPRESSOR CONTROL PANELS: AT LEFT, 6,000 P.S.I. PANEL, CIRCA 1957; AT RIGHT, FACING CAMERA, 10,000 P.S.I. PANEL. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Helium Compression Plant, Test Area 1-115, intersection of Altair & Saturn Boulevards, Boron, Kern County, CA

78 FR 25958 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Demolition and Construction...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

..., air compressor, electric screw guns, jackhammer, concrete saw, and chop saws) to be utilized on the... would be from a 980 Case backhoe, dump truck, air compressor, electric screw guns, jackhammer, concrete... behavioral effects related to project acoustic impacts, in the event of California sea lion and northern...

58. View of high pressure IngersollRand dehumidifier/dessicator and compressor system ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

58. View of high pressure Ingersoll-Rand dehumidifier/dessicator and compressor system to supply dry pressurized air to waveguides. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 13.1-13.2 Air Compressors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of two learning modules on air compressors is one of six such packets developed for apprenticeship training for millwrights. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Design features of fans, blowers, and compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheremisinoff, N. P.; Cheremisinoff, P. N.

Fan engineering and compression machines are discussed. Basic aspects of fan performance and design are reviewed, and the design and performance characteristics of radial-flow fans, axial-flow fans, and controllable pitch fans are examined in detail. Air-conditioning systems are discussed, and noise, vibration, and mechanical considerations in fans are extensively examined. The thermodynamic principles governing compression machines are reviewed, and piston compressors, rotary compressors, blowers, and centrifugal compressors are discussed.

Effect of double air injection on performance characteristics of centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirano, Toshiyuki; Ogawa, Tatsuya; Yasui, Ryutaro; Tsujita, Hoshio

2017-02-01

In the operation of a centrifugal compressor of turbocharger, instability phenomena such as rotating stall and surge are induced at a lower flow rate close to the maximum pressure ratio. In this study, the compressed air at the exit of centrifugal compressor was re-circulated and injected to the impeller inlet by using two injection nozzles in order to suppress the surge phenomenon. The most effective circumferential position was examined to reduce the flow rate at the surge inception. Moreover, the influences of the injection on the fluctuating property of the flow field before and after the surge inception were investigated by examining the frequency of static pressure fluctuation on the wall surface and visualizing the compressor wall surface by oil-film visualization technique.

Turbomachinery for Low-to-High Mach Number Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tan, Choon S.; Shah, Parthiv N.

2004-01-01

The thrust capability of turbojet cycles is reduced at high flight Mach number (3+) by the increase in inlet stagnation temperature. The 'hot section' temperature limit imposed by materials technology sets the maximum heat addition and, hence, sets the maximum flight Mach number of the operating envelope. Compressor pre-cooling, either via a heat exchanger or mass-injection, has been suggested as a means to reduce compressor inlet temperature and increase mass flow capability, thereby increasing thrust. To date, however, no research has looked at compressor cooling (i.e., using a compressor both to perform work on the gas path air and extract heat from it simultaneously). We wish to assess the feasibility of this novel concept for use in low-to-high Mach number flight. The results to-date show that an axial compressor with cooling: (1) relieves choking in rear stages (hence opening up operability), (2) yields higher-pressure ratio and (3) yields higher efficiency for a given corrected speed and mass flow. The performance benefit is driven: (i) at the blade passage level, by a decrease in the total pressure reduction coefficient and an increase in the flow turning; and (ii) by the reduction in temperature that results in less work required for a given pressure ratio. The latter is a thermodynamic effect. As an example, calculations were performed for an eight-stage compressor with an adiabatic design pressure ratio of 5. By defining non-dimensional cooling as the percentage of compressor inlet stagnation enthalpy removed by a heat sink, the model shows that a non-dimensional cooling of percent in each blade row of the first two stages can increase the compressor pressure ratio by as much as 10-20 percent. Maximum corrected mass flow at a given corrected speed may increase by as much as 5 percent. In addition, efficiency may increase by as much as 5 points. A framework for characterizing and generating the performance map for a cooled compressor has been developed. The approach is based upon CFD computations and mean line analysis. Figures of merit that characterize the bulk performance of blade passage flows with and without cooling are extracted from CFD solutions. Such performance characterization is then applied to a preliminary compressor design framework (mean line). The generic nature of this approach makes it suitable for assessing the effect of different types of compressor cooling schemes, such as heat exchange or evaporative cooling (mass injection). Future work will focus on answering system level questions regarding the feasibility of compressor cooling. Specifically, we wish to determine the operational parametric space in which compressor cooling would be advantageous over other high flight Mach number propulsion concepts. In addition, we will explore the design requirements of cooled compressor turbomachinery, as well as the flow phenomena that limit and control its operation, and the technology barriers that must be crossed for its implementation.

Preliminary Results of an Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine-Propeller Engine. 4; Compressor and Turbine Performance Characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallner, Lewis E.; Saari, Martin J.

1948-01-01

As part of an investigation of the performance and operational characteristics of the axial-flow gas turbine-propeller engine, conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel, the performance characteristics of the compressor and the turbine were obtained. The data presented were obtained at a compressor-inlet ram-pressure ratio of 1.00 for altitudes from 5000 to 35,000 feet, engine speeds from 8000 to 13,000 rpm, and turbine-inlet temperatures from 1400 to 2100 R. The highest compressor pressure ratio obtained was 6.15 at a corrected air flow of 23.7 pounds per second and a corrected turbine-inlet temperature of 2475 R. Peak adiabatic compressor efficiencies of about 77 percent were obtained near the value of corrected air flow corresponding to a corrected engine speed of 13,000 rpm. This maximum efficiency may be somewhat low, however, because of dirt accumulations on the compressor blades. A maximum adiabatic turbine efficiency of 81.5 percent was obtained at rated engine speed for all altitudes and turbine-inlet temperatures investigated.

Preliminary Results of an Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a TG-100A Gas Turbine-Propeller Engine. 4; Compressor and Turbine Performance Characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallner, Lewis E.; Saari, Martin J.

1947-01-01

As part of an investigation of the performance and operational characteristics of the TG-100A gas turbine-propeller engine, conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel, the performance characteristics of the compressor and the turbine were obtained. The data presented were obtained at a compressor-inlet ram-pressure ratio of 1.00 for altitudes from 5000 to 35,000 feet, engine speeds from 8000 to 13,000 rpm, and turbine-inlet temperatures from 1400 to 2100R. The highest compressor pressure ratio was 6.15 at a corrected air flow of 23.7 pounds per second and a corrected turbine-inlet temperature of 2475R. Peak adiabatic compressor efficiencies of about 77 percent were obtained near the value of corrected air flow corresponding to a corrected engine speed of 13,000 rpm. This maximum efficiency may be somewhat low, however, because of dirt accumulations on the compressor blades. A maximum adiabatic turbine efficiency of 81.5 percent was obtained at rated engine speed for all altitudes and turbine-inlet temperatures investigated.

Three-wheel air turbocompressor for PEM fuel cell systems

DOEpatents

Rehg, Tim; Gee, Mark; Emerson, Terence P.; Ferrall, Joe; Sokolov, Pavel

2003-08-19

A fuel cell system comprises a compressor and a fuel processor downstream of the compressor. A fuel cell stack is in communication with the fuel processor and compressor. A combustor is downstream of the fuel cell stack. First and second turbines are downstream of the fuel processor and in parallel flow communication with one another. A distribution valve is in communication with the first and second turbines. The first and second turbines are mechanically engaged to the compressor. A bypass valve is intermediate the compressor and the second turbine, with the bypass valve enabling a compressed gas from the compressor to bypass the fuel processor.

78 FR 2380 - Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-11

... new compressor station with two 10,915 horsepower (ISO) gas turbine-driven compressor; and the...] Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC; Notice of Application Take notice that on December 19, 2012, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC (Transco), Post Office Box 1396, Houston, Texas 77251, filed in the...

Integrated Testing of a Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly and a Temperature-Swing Adsorption Compressor for Closed-Loop Air Revitalization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, J. C.; Mulloth, Lila; Frederick, Kenneth; Affleck, Dave

2003-01-01

Accumulation and subsequent compression of carbon dioxide that is removed from space cabin are two important processes involved in a closed-loop air revitalization scheme of the International Space Station (ISS). The carbon dioxide removal assembly (CDRA) of ISS currently operates in an open loop mode without a compressor. This paper describes the integrated test results of a flight-like CDRA and a temperature-swing adsorption compressor (TSAC) for carbon dioxide removal and compression. The paper provides details of the TSAC operation at various CO2 loadings and corresponding performance of CDRA.

Decreasing carbon monoxide in the diving air of artisanal fishermen in the Yucatán peninsula by separation of engine exhaust from compressor intake.

PubMed

Chin, Walter; Huchim-Lara, Oswaldo; Salas, Silvia

2016-01-01

Artisanal fishermen in the Yucatán Peninsula utilize hookah dive systems (HDS). The air compressors in these HDS are not filtered, and the intake is near the engine exhaust. This proximity allows carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust to directly enter the HDS volume tank and contaminate the fishermen diver's air supply. Conservative safety standards permit a diver's air supply to contain 10 parts per million (ppm) of CO. This study quantified the levels of CO in the diver's air supply both before and after physical separation of the engine exhaust from the compressor intake. CO levels in seven volume tanks were analyzed before and after a 1-inch hose was attached to the compressor intake and elevated 5 feet above the engine exhaust. The tanks were drained and refilled before collecting each set of pre- and post-intervention gas samples. Four CO measurements were collected before and after the intervention from each volume tank. A C-Squared© CO Analyzer (± 1 ppm), calibrated with a Praxair 70 ppm CON2 gas (± 5%), was used to analyze the gas samples. A paired samples t-test shows a statistically significant difference in average CO values before and after the intervention (t = 6.8674, df: 27; p⟨0.0001). The physical separation of the engine exhaust from the compressor intake reduced the CO contamination of the diver air supply by 72%. This intervention could be applied to the hookah systems in the rest of the fishing cooperative to reduce the divers' risk of CO poisoning. Copyright© Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society.

An analytical study of hybrid ejector/internal combustion engine-driven heat pumps

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Murphy, R.W.

1988-01-01

Because ejectors can combine high reliability with low maintenance cost in a package requiring little capital investment, they may provide attractive heat pumping capability in situations where the importance of their inefficiencies is minimized. One such concept, a hybrid system in which an ejector driven by engine reject heat is used to increase the performance of an internal combustion engine-driven heat pump, was analyzed by modifying an existing ejector heat pump model and combining it with generic compressor and internal combustion engine models. Under the model assumptions for nominal cooling mode conditions, the results showed that hybrid systems could providemore » substantial performance augmentation/emdash/up to 17/percent/ increase in system coefficient of performance for a parallel arrangement of an enhanced ejector with the engine-driven compressor. 4 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Control means for a gas turbine engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beitler, R. S.; Sellers, F. J.; Bennett, G. W. (Inventor)

1982-01-01

A means is provided for developing a signal representative of the actual compressor casing temperature, a second signal representative of compressor inlet gas temperature, and a third signal representative of compressor speed. Another means is provided for receiving the gas temperature and compressor speed signals and developing a schedule output signal which is a representative of a reference casing temperature at which a predetermined compressor blade stabilized clearance is provided. A means is also provided for comparing the actual compressor casing temperature signal and the reference casing temperature signal and developing a clearance control system representative of the difference. The clearance control signal is coupled to a control valve which controls a flow of air to the compressor casing to control the clearance between the compressor blades and the compressor casing. The clearance control signal can be modified to accommodate transient characteristics. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Stage Effects on Stalling and Recovery of a High-Speed 10-Stage Axial- Flow Compressor

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

facility C Specific heat of air at constant pressureP Cx Axial velocity DC Direct current DAC Data acquisition computer DCS Design corrected compressor ...was designed to inve3tigate the component performance of an axial -flow compressor while stalling and operating in rotating stall. No attempt was made...Temperatures were measured from a probe configuration similar to the to - pressure design . 68 Table 4.2 Compressor instrumentation RADIAL PROPERTY AXIAL

Investigation of X24C-2 10-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor. 2; Effect of Inlet-Air Pressure and Temperature of Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finger, Harold B.; Schum, Harold J.; Buckner, Howard Jr.

1947-01-01

Effect of inlet-air pressure and temperature on the performance of the X24-2 10-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor from the X24C-2 turbojet engine was evaluated. Speeds of 80, 89, and 100 percent of equivalent design speed with inlet-air pressures of 6 and 12 inches of mercury absolute and inlet-air temperaures of approximately 538 degrees, 459 degrees,and 419 degrees R ( 79 degrees, 0 degrees, and minus 40 degrees F). Results were compared with prior investigations.

Air conditioning system with supplemental ice storing and cooling capacity

DOEpatents

Weng, Kuo-Lianq; Weng, Kuo-Liang

1998-01-01

The present air conditioning system with ice storing and cooling capacity can generate and store ice in its pipe assembly or in an ice storage tank particularly equipped for the system, depending on the type of the air conditioning system. The system is characterized in particular in that ice can be produced and stored in the air conditioning system whereby the time of supplying cooled air can be effectively extended with the merit that the operation cycle of the on and off of the compressor can be prolonged, extending the operation lifespan of the compressor in one aspect. In another aspect, ice production and storage in great amount can be performed in an off-peak period of the electrical power consumption and the stored ice can be utilized in the peak period of the power consumption so as to provide supplemental cooling capacity for the compressor of the air conditioning system whereby the shift of peak and off-peak power consumption can be effected with ease. The present air conditioning system can lower the installation expense for an ice-storing air conditioning system and can also be applied to an old conventional air conditioning system.

Method for pressure modulation of turbine sidewall cavities

DOEpatents

Leone, Sal Albert; Book, Matthew David; Banares, Christopher R.

2002-01-01

A method is provided for controlling cooling air flow for pressure modulation of turbine components, such as the turbine outer sidewall cavities. The pressure at which cooling and purge air is supplied to the turbine outer side wall cavities is modulated, based on compressor discharge pressure (Pcd), thereby to generally maintain the back flow margin (BFM) so as to minimize excessive leakage and the consequent performance deterioration. In an exemplary embodiment, the air pressure within the third stage outer side wall cavity and the air pressure within the fourth stage outer side wall cavity are each controlled to a respective value that is a respective prescribed percentage of the concurrent compressor discharge pressure. The prescribed percentage may be determined from a ratio of the respective outer side wall pressure to compressor discharge pressure at Cold Day Turn Down (CDTD) required to provide a prescribed back flow margin.

System for pressure modulation of turbine sidewall cavities

DOEpatents

Leone, Sal Albert; Book, Matthew David; Banares, Christopher R.

2002-01-01

A system and method are provided for controlling cooling air flow for pressure modulation of turbine components, such as the turbine outer sidewall cavities. The pressure at which cooling and purge air is supplied to the turbine outer side wall cavities is modulated, based on compressor discharge pressure (Pcd), thereby to generally maintain the back flow margin (BFM) so as to minimize excessive leakage and the consequent performance deterioration. In an exemplary embodiment, the air pressure within the third stage outer side wall cavity and the air pressure within the fourth stage outer side wall cavity are each controlled to a respective value that is a respective prescribed percentage of the concurrent compressor discharge pressure. The prescribed percentage may be determined from a ratio of the respective outer side wall pressure to compressor discharge pressure at Cold Day Turn Down (CDTD) required to provide a prescribed back flow margin.

Mid-section of a can-annular gas turbine engine with an improved rotation of air flow from the compressor to the turbine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Little, David A.; Schilp, Reinhard; Ross, Christopher W.

A midframe portion (313) of a gas turbine engine (310) is presented and includes a compressor section with a last stage blade to orient an air flow (311) at a first angle (372). The midframe portion (313) further includes a turbine section with a first stage blade to receive the air flow (311) oriented at a second angle (374). The midframe portion (313) further includes a manifold (314) to directly couple the air flow (311) from the compressor section to a combustor head (318) upstream of the turbine section. The combustor head (318) introduces an offset angle in the airmore » flow (311) from the first angle (372) to the second angle (374) to discharge the air flow (311) from the combustor head (318) at the second angle (374). While introducing the offset angle, the combustor head (318) at least maintains or augments the first angle (372).« less

Analyses of the Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly, Compressor, Accumulator and Sabatier Carbon Dioxide Reduction Assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeng, Frank F.; Lafuse, Sharon; Smith, Frederick D.; Lu, Sao-Dung; Knox, James C.; Campbell, Mellssa L.; Scull, Timothy D.; Green Steve

2010-01-01

A tool has been developed by the Sabatier Team for analyzing/optimizing CO2 removal assembly, CO2 compressor size, its operation logic, water generation from Sabatier, utilization of CO2 from crew metabolic output, and Hz from oxygen generation assembly. Tests had been conducted using CDRA/Simulation compressor set-up at MSFC in 2003. Analysis of test data has validated CO2 desorption rate profile, CO2 compressor performance, CO2 recovery and CO2 vacuum vent in CDRA desorption. Optimizing the compressor size and compressor operation logic for an integrated closed air revitalization system Is being conducted by the Sabatier Team.

Computational analysis of stall and separation control in centrifugal compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stein, Alexander

2000-10-01

A numerical technique for simulating unsteady viscous fluid flow in turbomachinery components has been developed. In this technique, the three-dimensional form of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations is solved in a time-accurate manner. The flow solver is used to study fluid dynamic phenomena that lead to instabilities in centrifugal compressors. The results indicate that large flow incidence angles, at reduced flow rates, can cause boundary layer separation near the blade leading edge. This mechanism is identified as the primary factor in the stall inception process. High-pressure jets upstream of the compressor face are studied as a means of controlling compressor instabilities. Steady jets are found to alter the leading edge flow pattern and effectively suppress compressor instabilities. Yawed jets are more effective than parallel jets and an optimum yaw angle exists for each compression system. Numerical simulations utilizing pulsed jets have also been done. Pulsed jets are found to yield additional performance enhancements and lead to a reduction in external air requirements for operating the jets. Jets pulsed at higher frequencies perform better than low-frequency jets. These findings suggest that air injection is a viable means of alleviating compressor instabilities and could impact gas turbine technology. Results concerning the optimization of practical air injection systems and implications for future research are discussed. The flow solver developed in this work, along with the postprocessing tools developed to interpret the results, provide a rational framework for analyzing and controlling current and next generation compression systems.

Central Control Room in the Engine Research Building

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-21

Operators in the Engine Research Building’s Central Control Room at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center. The massive 4.25-acre Engine Research Building contains dozens of test cells, test stands, and altitude chambers. A powerful a collection of compressors and exhausters located in the central portion of the basement provides process air and exhaust for these test areas. This system is connected to similar process air systems in the laboratory’s other large test facilities. The Central Control Room coordinates this activity and communicates with the local utilities. The panels on the wall contain schematics with indicator lights and instrumentation for the atmospheric exhaust, altitude exhaust, refrigerated air, and process air systems. The process air equipment included twelve exhausters, four compressors, refrigeration system, cooling water, and an exhaust system. The operators in the control room kept in contact with engineers running the process air system and those conducting the tests in the test cells. The operators also coordinated with the local power companies to make sure enough electricity was available to operate the powerful compressors and exhausters.

The Use of Air Injection Nozzles for the Forced Excitation of Axial Compressor Blades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raubenheimer, G. A.; van der Spuy, S. J.; von Backström, T. W.

2013-03-01

Turbomachines are exposed to many factors which may cause failure of its components. One of these, high cycle fatigue, can be caused by blade flutter. This paper evaluates the use of an air injection nozzle as a means of exciting vibrations on the first stage rotor blades of a rotating axial compressor. Unsteady simulations of the excitation velocity perturbations were performed on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Numeca FINE™/Turbo. Experimental testing on a three-stage, low Mach number axial flow compressor provided data that was used to implement boundary conditions and to verify certain aspects of the unsteady simulation results.

8. INTERIOR VIEW, SHOWING CONVERTED STAND FOR COMPRESSOR RESEARCH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. INTERIOR VIEW, SHOWING CONVERTED STAND FOR COMPRESSOR RESEARCH. - Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Area B, Building No. 20A, Propeller Test Complex, Seventh Street, from E to G Streets, Dayton, Montgomery County, OH

Centrifugal compressor controller for minimizing power consumption while avoiding surge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haley, P.F.; Junk, B.S.; Renaud, M.A.

1987-08-18

For use with a variable capacity centrifugal compressor driven by an electric motor, a controller is described for adjusting the capacity of the compressor to satisfy a demand, minimize electric power consumption and avoid a surge condition. The controller consists of: a. means for sensing an operating parameter that is indicative of the capacity of the compressor; b. means for setting a selected setpoint that represents a desired value of the operating parameter; c. surge sensing means for detecting an impending surge by sensing fluctuation in the electric current supplied to the compressor motor, wherein an impending surge is detectedmore » whenever fluctuations in excess of a predetermined amplitude occur in excess of a predetermined frequency; and d. control means, responsive to the operating parameter sensing means, the setpoint setting means, and the surge sensing means, for controlling the compressor, such that its capacity is minimally above a level that would cause a surge condition yet is sufficient to maintain the operating parameter at the setpoint.« less

Solid fuel combustion system for gas turbine engine

DOEpatents

Wilkes, Colin; Mongia, Hukam C.

1993-01-01

A solid fuel, pressurized fluidized bed combustion system for a gas turbine engine includes a carbonizer outside of the engine for gasifying coal to a low Btu fuel gas in a first fraction of compressor discharge, a pressurized fluidized bed outside of the engine for combusting the char residue from the carbonizer in a second fraction of compressor discharge to produce low temperature vitiated air, and a fuel-rich, fuel-lean staged topping combustor inside the engine in a compressed air plenum thereof. Diversion of less than 100% of compressor discharge outside the engine minimizes the expense of fabricating and maintaining conduits for transferring high pressure and high temperature gas and incorporation of the topping combustor in the compressed air plenum of the engine minimizes the expense of modifying otherwise conventional gas turbine engines for solid fuel, pressurized fluidized bed combustion.

ETR COMPRESSOR BUILDING, TRA643. CAMERA FACES NORTHEAST. WATER HEAT EXCHANGER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ETR COMPRESSOR BUILDING, TRA-643. CAMERA FACES NORTHEAST. WATER HEAT EXCHANGER IS IN LEFT FOREGROUND. A PARTIALLY ASSEMBLED PLANT AIR CONDITIONER IS AT CENTER. WORKERS AT RIGHT ASSEMBLE 4000 HORSEPOWER COMPRESSOR DRIVE MOTOR AT RIGHT. INL NEGATIVE NO. 56-3714. R.G. Larsen, Photographer, 11/13/1956 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Sorption compressor/mechanical expander hybrid refrigeration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, J. A.; Britcliffe, M.

1987-01-01

Experience with Deep Space Network (DSN) ground-based cryogenic refrigerators has proved the reliability of the basic two-stage Gifford-McMahon helium refrigerator. A very long life cryogenic refrigeration system appears possible by combining this expansion system or a turbo expansion system with a hydride sorption compressor in place of the usual motor driven piston compressor. To test the feasibility of this system, a commercial Gifford-McMahon refrigerator was tested using hydrogen gas as the working fluid. Although no attempt was made to optimize the system for hydrogen operation, the refrigerator developed 1.3 W at 30 K and 6.6 W at 60 K. The results of the test and of theoretical performances of the hybrid compressor coupled to these expansion systems are presented.

Power generating system and method utilizing hydropyrolysis

DOEpatents

Tolman, R.

1986-12-30

A vapor transmission cycle is described which burns a slurry of coal and water with some of the air from the gas turbine compressor, cools and cleans the resulting low-Btu fuel gas, burns the clean fuel gas with the remaining air from the compressor, and extracts the available energy in the gas turbine. The cycle lends itself to combined-cycle cogeneration for the production of steam, absorption cooling, and electric power.

Pollution reduction technology program for class T4(JT8D) engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, R.; Fiorentino, A. J.; Diehl, L. A.

1977-01-01

The technology required to develop commercial gas turbine engines with reduced exhaust emissions was demonstrated. Can-annular combustor systems for the JT8D engine family (EPA class T4) were investigated. The JT8D turbofan engine is an axial-flow, dual-spool, moderate-bypass-ratio design. It has a two-stage fan, a four-stage low-pressure compressor driven by a three-stage low-pressure turbine, and a seven-stage high-pressure compressor driven by a single-stage high-pressure turbine. A cross section of the JT8D-17 showing the mechanical configuration is given. Key specifications for this engine are listed.

Hampson’s type cryocoolers with distributed Joule-Thomson effect for mixed refrigerants closed cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maytal, Ben-Zion

2014-05-01

Most previous studies on Joule-Thomson cryocoolers of mixed refrigerants in a closed cycle focus on the Linde kind recuperator. The present study focuses on four constructions of Hampson’s kind miniature Joule-Thomson cryocoolers based on finned capillary tubes. The frictional pressure drop along the tubes plays the role of distributed Joule-Thomson expansion so that an additional orifice or any throttle at the cold end is eliminated. The high pressure tube is a throttle and a channel of recuperation at the same time. These coolers are tested within two closed cycle systems of different compressors and different compositions of mixed coolants. All tests were driven by the same level of discharge pressure (2.9 MPa) while the associated suction pressures and the associated reached temperatures are dependent on each particular cryocooler and on the closed cycle system. The mixture of higher specific cooling capacity cannot reach temperatures below 80 K when driven by the smaller compressor. The other mixture of lower specific cooling capacity driven by the larger compressor reaches lower temperatures. The examined parameters are the cooldown period and the reachable temperatures by each cryocooler.

Acceleration of high-pressure-ratio single-spool turbojet engine as determined from component performance characteristics I : effect of air bleed at compressor outlet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rebeske, John J , Jr; Rohlik, Harold E

1953-01-01

An analytical investigation was made to determine from component performance characteristics the effect of air bleed at the compressor outlet on the acceleration characteristics of a typical high-pressure-ratio single-spool turbojet engine. Consideration of several operating lines on the compressor performance map with two turbine-inlet temperatures showed that for a minimum acceleration time the turbine-inlet temperature should be the maximum allowable, and the operating line on the compressor map should be as close to the surge region as possible throughout the speed range. Operation along such a line would require a continuously varying bleed area. A relatively simple two-step area bleed gives only a small increase in acceleration time over a corresponding variable-area bleed. For the modes of operation considered, over 84 percent of the total acceleration time was required to accelerate through the low-speed range ; therefore, better low-speed compressor performance (higher pressure ratios and efficiencies) would give a significant reduction in acceleration time.

Full load testing in the platform module prior to tow-out: A case history of subsynchronous instability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fulton, J. W.

1984-01-01

An electric motor driven centrifugal compressor to supply gas for further compression and reinjection on a petroleum production platform in the North Sea was examined. The compressor design, raised concerns about susceptibility to subsynchronous instability. Log decrement, aerodynamic features, and the experience of other compressors with similar ratios of operating to critical speed ratio versus gas density led to the decision to full load test. Mixed hydrocarbon gas was chosen for the test to meet discharge temperature restrictions. The module was used as the test site. Subsynchronous vibrations made the compressor inoperable above approximately one-half the rated discharge pressure of 14500 kPa. Modifications, which includes shortening the bearing span, change of leakage inlet flow direction on the back to back labyrinth, and removal of the vaned diffusers on all stages were made simultaneously. The compressor is operating with satisfactory vibration levels.

STEAM PLANT, TRA609. SECTION A SHOWS FEATURES OF NORTH/SOUTH AXIS: ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

STEAM PLANT, TRA-609. SECTION A SHOWS FEATURES OF NORTH/SOUTH AXIS: STEAM GENERATOR AND CATWALK, STACK, DEGREASER FEED WATER HEATER IN PENTHOUSE, MEZZANINE, SURGE TANK PIT (BELOW GROUND LEVEL). UTILITY ROOM SHOWS DIESEL ENGINE GENERATORS, AIR TANKS, STARTING AIR COMPRESSORS. OUTSIDE SOUTH END ARE EXHAUST MUFFLER, AIR INTAKE OIL FILTER, RADIATOR COOLING UNIT, AIR SURGE TANK. SECTION B CROSSES WEST TO EAST NEAR SOUTH END OF BUILDING TO SHOW ARRANGEMENT OF DIESEL ENGINE GENERATOR, AIR DRIER, AFTER COOLER, AIR COMPRESSOR, AND BLOWDOWN TANK. BLAW-KNOX 3150-9-2, 6/1950. INL INDEX NO. 431-0609-00-098-100018, REV. 3. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Effect of Rotor- and Stator-Blade Modifications on Surge Performance of an 11-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor. I - Original Production Compressor of XJ40-WE-6 Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finger, Harold B.; Essig, Robert H.; Conrad, E. William

1952-01-01

An investigation to increase the compressor surge-limit pressure ratio of the XJ40-WE-6 turbojet engine at high equivalent speeds was conducted at the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel. This report evaluates the compressor modifications which were restricted to (1) twisting rotor blades (in place) to change blade section angles and (2) inserting new stator diaphragms with different blade angles. Such configuration changes could be incorporated quickly and easily in existing engines at overhaul depots. It was found that slight improvements in the compressor surge limit were possible by compressor blade adjustment. However, some of the modifications also reduced the engine air flow and hence penalized the thrust. The use of a mixer assembly at the compressor outlet improved the surge limit with no appreciable thrust penalty.

Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR). Volume 3. Air Force Abstracts of Phase 1 Awards 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

design and centrifugation protocols. A validated model of the cardiovascular and vestibular response to High Gradient Acceleration (HGA) is vital to...hermetically sealed compressors for long life Stirling and Pulse Tube Cryocoolers for spacecraft. State-of-the art compressors use unlubricated flexure...displacement and vibration cancellation. The inexpensive compressor proposed for Stirling and Pulse Tube cycle spacecraft cryocoolers makes use of

NACA Engineer Examines Wind Tunnel Compressor Blades

NASA Image and Video Library

1955-09-21

An engineer examines the main compressor for the 10- by 10-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory. The engineers were preparing the new wind tunnel for its initial runs in early 1956. The 10- by 10 was the most powerful propulsion wind tunnel in the nation. The facility was part of Congress’ Unitary Plan Act which coordinated wind tunnel construction at the NACA, Air Force, industry, and universities. The 10- by 10 was the largest of the three NACA tunnels built under the act. The 20-foot diameter eight-stage axial flow compressor, seen in this photograph, could generate air flows up to Mach 2.5 through the test section. The stainless steel compressor had 584 blades ranging from 1.8 to 3.25 feet in length. This main compressor was complemented by a secondary axial flow compressor. Working in tandem the two could generate wind streams up to Mach 3.5. The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce presented NACA Lewis photographer Bill Bowles with a second place award for this photograph in their Business and Professional category. The photograph was published in October 1955 edition of its periodical, The Clevelander, which highlighted local professional photographers. Fellow Lewis photographer Gene Giczy won second place in another category for a photograph of Cleveland Municipal Airport.

Integrated Testing of a 4-Bed Molecular Sieve, Air-Cooled Temperature Swing Adsorption Compressor, and Sabatier Engineering Development Unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, James C.; Miller, Lee; Campbell, Melissa; Mulloth, Lila; Varghese, Mini

2006-01-01

Accumulation and subsequent compression of carbon dioxide that is removed from the space cabin are two important processes involved in a closed-loop air revitalization scheme of the International Space Station (ISS). The 4-Bed Molecular Sieve (4BMS) of ISS currently operates in an open loop mode without a compressor. The Sabatier Engineering Development Unit (EDU) processes waste CO2 to provide water to the crew. This paper reports the integrated 4BMS, air-cooled Temperature Swing Adsorption Compressor (TSAC), and Sabatier EDU testing. The TSAC prototype was developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). The 4BMS was modified to a functionally flight-like condition at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Testing was conducted at MSFC. The paper provides details of the TSAC operation at various CO2 loadings and corresponding performance of the 4BMS and Sabatier.

Modification split type air conditioning unit by installing internal heat exchanger and condenser precooling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ambarita, H.

2018-03-01

In this paper, a modified of air conditioning (AC) system is proposed. In the modified system, an internal heat exchanger and condenser precooling unit are installed. The objective is to explore the effect of the additional equipment to the performance of the system. An AC with compressor power of 1 PK is modified and compared with the original one. The results show that ER of the modified system is higher than the original one in order of 3.6%. The work of the compressor of the modified system is 12.5% lower than work of the compressor without modification. Finally, the COP of the modified system is 11.71% higher than the original one. These facts reveal that the combination of IHX and condenser precooling shows positive impact on the performance of the AC. It is recommended to use the modified system to improve the energy efficiency of the Air Conditioning system.

Simplified Model and Response Analysis for Crankshaft of Air Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chao-bo, Li; Jing-jun, Lou; Zhen-hai, Zhang

2017-11-01

The original model of crankshaft is simplified to the appropriateness to balance the calculation precision and calculation speed, and then the finite element method is used to analyse the vibration response of the structure. In order to study the simplification and stress concentration for crankshaft of air compressor, this paper compares calculative mode frequency and experimental mode frequency of the air compressor crankshaft before and after the simplification, the vibration response of reference point constraint conditions is calculated by using the simplified model, and the stress distribution of the original model is calculated. The results show that the error between calculative mode frequency and experimental mode frequency is controlled in less than 7%, the constraint will change the model density of the system, the position between the crank arm and the shaft appeared stress concentration, so the part of the crankshaft should be treated in the process of manufacture.

Preliminary study of a gas burner-driven and ground-coupled heat pump system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hsu, P.F.

1995-12-31

To address the concerns for higher energy efficiency and the immediate phase out of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a new gas burner-driven, ground-coupled heat pump (GBGCHP) system is proposed for study. The new system is energy efficient and pose no environmental problem. There are three unique features in the proposed system: (1) a patented gas burner-driven compressor with a floating diaphragm piston-cylinder for energy efficiency and accommodating variable load, (2) the ground coupled water-to-air heat exchangers for high coefficient of performance (COPs), and (3) the new refrigerants based on fluoroiodocarbons (FICS) with very little ozone depletion and global warming potential. Amore » preliminary analysis of a prototype heat pump with 3 ton (10.55 kW) heating capacity is presented. The thermodynamics analysis of the system shows that the steady state COP rating higher than 7 is possible with the system operating in heating mode. Additional research work for the GBGCHP system, especially the FICs` thermodynamic properties in the superheated region, is also described.« less

Performance test results of 80 K centrifugal compressor for helium refrigerator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Asakura, H.; Kato, D.; Saji, N.

1994-12-31

The authors have developed a completely oil-free compressor used for the highly reliable helium refrigeration system for a superconducting generator and carried out performance tests under actual condition. The compressor is designed to achieve a pressure ratio of 8 with only 4 stages by cooling the compressor inlet at 80 K with liquid nitrogen, thus acquiring high reliability of long-term maintenance-free operation together with the use of magnetic bearings for oil-free operation. The compressor at each stage is independently driven by a 25 kW built-in motor at the speed of 100,000 rpm, with the power supplied by a variable frequencymore » inverter. The performance test was carried out at each stage, by incorporating the compressor in the closed loop test equipment using helium gas. It was recognized from the test results that the specified pressure ratio of each stage was achieved at the speed below the rated one of 100,000 rpm. It was found that each stage of the compressor has a flat characteristics of adiabatic efficiency over the wide flow range. The mechanical rotation characteristics at low temperatures was also confirmed to be sufficiently stable.« less

Experimental study on the inlet fogging system using two-fluid nozzles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suryan, Abhilash; Kim, Dong Sun; Kim, Heuy Dong

2010-04-01

Large-capacity compressors in industrial plants and the compressors in gas turbine engines consume a considerable amount of power. The compression work is a strong function of the ambient air temperature. This increase in compression work presents a significant problem to utilities, generators and power producers when electric demands are high during the hot months. In many petrochemical process industries and gas turbine engines, the increase in compression work curtails plant output, demanding more electric power to drive the system. One way to counter this problem is to directly cool the inlet air. Inlet fogging is a popular means of cooling the inlet air to air compressors. In the present study, experiments have been performed to investigate the suitability of two-fluid nozzle for inlet fogging. Compressed air is used as the driving working gas for two-fluid nozzle and water at ambient conditions is dragged into the high-speed air jet, thus enabling the entrained water to be atomized in a very short distance from the exit of the two-fluid nozzle. The air supply pressure is varied between 2.0 and 5.0 bar and the water flow rate entrained is measured. The flow visualization and temperature and relative humidity measurements are carried out to specify the fogging characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle.

Manufacturing Techniques for Application of Erosion Resistant Coatings to Turbine Engine Compressor Components.

DTIC Science & Technology

means of increasing the life of aircraft gas turbine compressor rotor blades and stator vanes . Two proprietary erosion resistant coating systems... engine tests as the two most promising systems for doubling compressor airfoil lives. An Air Force Sponsored program to evaluate the applicability of...Helicopter engine erosion has become a severe problem in S. E. Asia because of extensive operations in sand and dust. Hard coatings offer a potential

Cold-air performance of compressor-drive turbine of Department of Energy upgraded automobile gas turbine engine. 2: Stage performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelke, R. J.; Haas, J. E.

1982-01-01

The aerodynamic performance of the compressor-drive turbine of the DOE upgraded gas turbine engine was determined in low temperature air. The as-received cast rotor blading had a significantly thicker profile than design and a fairly rough surface finish. Because of these blading imperfections a series of stage tests with modified rotors were made. These included the as-cast rotor, a reduced-roughness rotor, and a rotor with blades thinned to near design. Significant performance changes were measured. Tests were also made to determine the effect of Reynolds number on the turbine performance. Comparisons are made between this turbine and the compressor-drive turbine of the DOE baseline gas turbine engine.

ETR COMPRESSOR BUILDING, TRA643. CAMERA FACES NORTH. AIR HEATERS LINE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ETR COMPRESSOR BUILDING, TRA-643. CAMERA FACES NORTH. AIR HEATERS LINE UP AGAINST WALL, TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH ETR EXPERIMENTS. EACH HAD A HEAT OUTPUT OF 8 MILLION BTU PER HOUR, OPERATED AT 1260 DEGREES F. AND A PRESSURE OF 320 PSI. NOTE METAL WALLS AND ROOF. INL NEGATIVE NO. 56-3709. R.G. Larsen, Photographer, 11/13/1956 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Which Air Force Civil Engineer Capabilities Can Complement USNORTHCOM’s Role in Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA)?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-21

PERSONNEL FROM STANDARD PRIME BEEF OR RED 4F9K4 PROVIDES FOLDED FIBERGLASS MATTING ( FFM ) FOR AIRFIELD DAMAGE REPAIR (ADR). PACKAGE CONSISTS OF THREE FFM ...SETS (54’ X 60’), ONE FFM SUPPORT TOOL KIT, UPPER BUSHINGS, ANCHOR BUSHINGS, ANCHOR BOLTS, AND TWO EA MC-7 AIR COMPRESSORS. EACH UTC WILL BE TASKED TO...OF 7 FOLDED FIBERGLASS MAT SETS (54 FT X 60 FT), 2 FFM SUPPORT TOOL KIT, UPPER BUSHINGS, ANCHOR BUSHINGS, ANCHOR BOLTS AND 4 X MC-7 AIR COMPRESSORS

Gas turbine engine with recirculating bleed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adamson, A. P. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

Carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions in a gas turbine engine are reduced by bleeding hot air from the engine cycle and introducing it back into the engine upstream of the bleed location and upstream of the combustor inlet. As this hot inlet air is recycled, the combustor inlet temperature rises rapidly at a constant engine thrust level. In most combustors, this will reduce carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions significantly. The preferred locations for hot air extraction are at the compressor discharge or from within the turbine, whereas the preferred reentry location is at the compressor inlet.

Wind Tunnel Model Study of the Hot Exhaust Plume from the Compressor Research Facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

PLUME FROM THE COMPRESSOR JtESEARCHJAC ILITY AT WRIGHT- /ATTERSON AIR FORCE JBASE, OHIO , r= mrm (.) Gary R./Ludwig 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME... ms Mass flux of stack exhaust gas (slugs/sec) nrtfl Mass flux of ambient air and stack exhaust gas mixture st plume cross-section A (slugs/sec...the horizontal momentum flux in the ambient wind be the same in the model as it is in full-scale. /»» Ms M i a. ’ ro P>"S P*» + ’f (3) where 0

Gas turbine engine fuel control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gold, H. S. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

A variable orifice system is described that is responsive to compressor inlet pressure and temperature, compressor discharge pressure and rotational speed of a gas-turbine engine. It is incorporated into a hydraulic circuit that includes a zero gradient pump driven at a speed proportional to the speed of the engine. The resulting system provides control of fuel rate for starting, steady running, acceleration and deceleration under varying altitudes and flight speeds.

Basic Pneumatics. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fessehaye, Michael

This instructor's guide is designed for use by industrial vocational teachers in teaching a course on basic pneumatics. Covered in the individual units are the following topics: an introduction to pneumatics (including the operation of a service station hoist); fundamentals and physical laws; air compressors (positive displacement compressors;…

Dynamic Characteristics of a Jet Engine Test Facility Air Supply

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

Using heaters, compressors, and turboexpanders , ASTF creates four separate flow legs with different pressures and temperatures in each leg. The...of open and closed Svalves, and including ducting up to the compressors and turboexpanders . 90 ’I - ..- - ~, ~ ......- S. -. ~ I, 6. More experimental

The WISGSK: A computer code for the prediction of a multistage axial compressor performance with water ingestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsuchiya, T.; Murthy, S. N. B.

1982-01-01

A computer code is presented for the prediction of off-design axial flow compressor performance with water ingestion. Four processes were considered to account for the aero-thermo-mechanical interactions during operation with air-water droplet mixture flow: (1) blade performance change, (2) centrifuging of water droplets, (3) heat and mass transfer process between the gaseous and the liquid phases and (4) droplet size redistribution due to break-up. Stage and compressor performance are obtained by a stage stacking procedure using representative veocity diagrams at a rotor inlet and outlet mean radii. The Code has options for performance estimation with (1) mixtures of gas and (2) gas-water droplet mixtures, and therefore can take into account the humidity present in ambient conditions. A test case illustrates the method of using the Code. The Code follows closely the methodology and architecture of the NASA-STGSTK Code for the estimation of axial-flow compressor performance with air flow.

Dynamically balanced, hydraulically driven compressor/pump apparatus for resonant free piston Stirling engines

DOEpatents

Corey, John A.

1984-05-29

A compressor, pump, or alternator apparatus is designed for use with a resonant free piston Stirling engine so as to isolate apparatus fluid from the periodically pressurized working fluid of the Stirling engine. The apparatus housing has a first side closed by a power coupling flexible diaphragm (the engine working member) and a second side closed by a flexible diaphragm gas spring. A reciprocally movable piston is disposed in a transverse cylinder in the housing and moves substantially at right angles relative to the flexible diaphragms. An incompressible fluid fills the housing which is divided into two separate chambers by suitable ports. One chamber provides fluid coupling between the power diaphragm of the RFPSE and the piston and the second chamber provides fluid coupling between the gas spring diaphragm and the opposite side of the piston. The working members of a gas compressor, pump, or alternator are driven by the piston. Sealing and wearing parts of the apparatus are mounted at the external ends of the transverse cylinder in a double acting arrangement for accessibility. An annular counterweight is mounted externally of the reciprocally movable piston and is driven by incompressible fluid coupling in a direction opposite to the piston so as to damp out transverse vibrations.

Air compressor battery duration with mechanical ventilation in a field anesthesia machine.

PubMed

Szpisjak, Dale F; Giberman, Anthony A

2015-05-01

Compressed air to power field anesthesia machine ventilators may be supplied by air compressor with battery backup. This study determined the battery duration when the compPAC ventilator's air compressor was powered by NiCd battery to ventilate the Vent Aid Training Test Lung modeling high (HC = 0.100 L/cm H2O) and low (LC = 0.020 L/cm H2O) pulmonary compliance. Target tidal volumes (VT) were 500, 750, and 1,000 mL. Respiratory rate = 10 bpm, inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio = 1:2, and fresh gas flow = 1 L/min air. N = 5 in each group. Control limits were determined from the first 150 minutes of battery power for each run and lower control limit = mean VT - 3SD. Battery depletion occurred when VT was below the lower control limit. Battery duration ranged from 185.8 (±3.2) minutes in the LC-1000 group to 233.3 (±3.6) minutes in the HC-750 group. Battery duration of the LC-1000 group was less than all others (p = 0.027). The differences among the non-LC-1000 groups were not clinically significant. Reprint & Copyright © 2015 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Compressor Research Facility F100 High Pressure Compressor Inlet Total Pressure and Swirl Profile Simulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1. GENERAL -.The F100 gas turbine engine currently powers the Air Force F-15 and F-16 aircraft . The compression section of this... Aircraft in designing these vanes and screens to provide the measured engine profiles. lata acquisition system was defined and transported to Pratt and...WILLIAM W. COEHVRWALKER H. MITCHELL Compressor Test Group Chief, Technology Branch Technology Branch Turbine Engine Division Turbine Engine Division

Effects of bending-torsional duct-induced swirl distortion on aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Hongjuan; Wang, Leilei; Wang, Rui; Yang, Yanzhao

2017-04-01

A turbocharger compressor working in commercial vehicles, especially in some passenger cars, often works together with some pipes with complicated geometry as an air intake system, due to limit of available space in internal combustion engine compartments. These pipes may generate various distortions of physical parameters of the air at the inlet of the compressor and therefore the compressor aerodynamic performance deteriorates. Sometimes, the turbocharging engine fails to work at some operation points. This paper investigates the effects of various swirl distortions induced by different bending-torsional intake ducts on the aerodynamic performance of a turbocharger compressor by both 3D numerical simulations and experimental measurements. It was found that at the outlet of the pipes the different inlet ducts can generate different swirl distortions, twin vortices and bulk-like vortices with different rotating directions. Among them, the bulk-like vortices not only affect seriously the pressure distribution in the impeller domain, but also significantly deteriorate the compressor performance, especially at high flow rate region. And the rotating direction of the bulk-like vortices is also closely associated with the efficiency penalty. Besides the efficiency, the transient flow rate through a single impeller channel, or the asymmetric mass flow crossing the whole impeller, can be influenced by two disturbances. One is from the upstream bending-torsional ducts; other one is from the downstream volute.

Variable-Speed Induction Motor Drives for Aircraft Environmental Control Compressors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mildice, J. W.; Hansen, I. G.; Schreiner, K. E.; Roth, M. E.

1996-01-01

New, more-efficient designs for aircraft jet engines are not capable of supplying the large quantities of bleed air necessary to provide pressurization and air conditioning for the environmental control systems (ECS) of the next generation of large passenger aircraft. System analysis and engineering have determined that electrically-driven ECS can help to maintain the improved fuel efficiencies; and electronic controllers and induction motors are now being developed in a NASA/NPD SBIR Program to drive both types of ECS compressors. Previous variable-speed induction motor/controller system developments and publications have primarily focused on field-oriented control, with large transient reserve power, for maximum acceleration and optimum response in actuator and robotics systems. The application area addressed herein is characterized by slowly-changing inputs and outputs, small reserve power capability for acceleration, and optimization for maximum efficiency. This paper therefore focuses on the differences between this case and the optimum response case, and shows the development of this new motor/controller approach. It starts with the creation of a new set of controller requirements. In response to those requirements, new control algorithms are being developed and implemented in an embedded computer, which is integrated into the motor controller closed loop. Buffered logic outputs are used to drive the power switches in a resonant-technology, power processor/motor-controller, at switching/resonant frequencies high enough to support efficient high-frequency induction motor operation at speeds up to 50,000-RPA

Segway CMBalance Robot Soccer Player

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-05-01

Electrical pressure switch • (1) Onboard air compressor Figure .13 Pressure vs. Force Plot of a ¾ inch Bore Pneumatic Cylinder Two cylinders were used...mechanical pressure switch that opens at 150 psi. When the controller detects that the switch has closed, the compressor is turned off. As a

Alternative Technology for Transit Bus Air Conditioning : The Rotary Screw Compressor

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-11-01

This report summarizes the results of the test and evaluation of a prototype rotary screw compressor design. The UMTA-funded R&D program consisted of two phases. The objectives of the first phase were to ascertain the extent of the problems with curr...

30 CFR 56.13017 - Compressor discharge pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressor discharge pipes. 56.13017 Section 56.13017 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and...

30 CFR 57.13017 - Compressor discharge pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressor discharge pipes. 57.13017 Section 57.13017 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Shrestha, Som S.

Based on the laboratory investigation in FY16, for R-22 and R-410A alternative low GWP refrigerants in two baseline rooftop air conditioners (RTU), we used the DOE/ORNL Heat Pump Design Model to model the two RTUs and calibrated the models against the experimental data. Using the calibrated equipment models, we compared the compressor efficiencies, heat exchanger performances. An efficiency-based compressor mapping method was developed, which is able to predict compressor performances of the alternative low GWP refrigerants accurately. Extensive model-based optimizations were conducted to provide a fair comparison between all the low GWP candidates by selecting their preferred configurations at themore » same cooling capacity and compressor efficiencies.« less

Nonlinear control of rotating stall and surge with axisymmetric bleed and air injection on axial flow compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeung, Chung-Hei (Simon)

The study of compressor instabilities in gas turbine engines has received much attention in recent years. In particular, rotating stall and surge are major causes of problems ranging from component stress and lifespan reduction to engine explosion. In this thesis, modeling and control of rotating stall and surge using bleed valve and air injection is studied and validated on a low speed, single stage, axial compressor at Caltech. Bleed valve control of stall is achieved only when the compressor characteristic is actuated, due to the fast growth rate of the stall cell compared to the rate limit of the valve. Furthermore, experimental results show that the actuator rate requirement for stall control is reduced by a factor of fourteen via compressor characteristic actuation. Analytical expressions based on low order models (2--3 states) and a high fidelity simulation (37 states) tool are developed to estimate the minimum rate requirement of a bleed valve for control of stall. A comparison of the tools to experiments show a good qualitative agreement, with increasing quantitative accuracy as the complexity of the underlying model increases. Air injection control of stall and surge is also investigated. Simultaneous control of stall and surge is achieved using axisymmetric air injection. Three cases with different injector back pressure are studied. Surge control via binary air injection is achieved in all three cases. Simultaneous stall and surge control is achieved for two of the cases, but is not achieved for the lowest authority case. This is consistent with previous results for control of stall with axisymmetric air injection without a plenum attached. Non-axisymmetric air injection control of stall and surge is also studied. Three existing control algorithms found in literature are modeled and analyzed. A three-state model is obtained for each algorithm. For two cases, conditions for linear stability and bifurcation criticality on control of rotating stall are derived and expressed in terms of implementation-oriented variables such as number of injectors. For the third case, bifurcation criticality conditions are not obtained due to complexity, though linear stability property is derived. A theoretical comparison between the three algorithms is made, via the use of low-order models, to investigate pros and cons of the algorithms in the context of operability. The effects of static distortion on the compressor facility at Caltech is characterized experimentally. Results consistent with literature are obtained. Simulations via a high fidelity model (34 states) are also performed and show good qualitative as well as quantitative agreement to experiments. A non-axisymmetric pulsed air injection controller for stall is shown to be robust to static distortion.

Surge-Inception Study in a Two-Spool Turbojet Engine. Revised

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallner, Lewis E.; Lubick, Robert J.; Saari, Martin J.

1957-01-01

A two-spool turbojet engine was operated in the Lewis altitude wind tunnel to study the inception of compressor surge. In addition to the usual steady-state pressure and temperature measurements, the compressors were extensively instrumented with fast-response interstage pressure transducers. Thus it was possible to obtain maps for both compressors, pressure oscillations during rotating stall, effects of stall on efficiency, and stage-loading curves. In addition, with the transient measurements, it was possible to record interstage pressures and then compute stage performance during accelerations to the stall limit. Rotating stall was found to exist at low speeds in the outer spool. Although the stall arose from poor flow conditions at the inlet-stage blade tips, the low-energy air moved through the machine from the tip at the inlet to the outer spool to the hub at the inlet to the inner spool. This tip stall ultimately resulted in compressor surge in the mid-speed region, and necessitated inter-compressor air bleed. Interstage pressure measurements during acceleration to the compressor stall limit indicated that rotating stall was not a necessary condition for compressor surge and that, at the critical stall point, the circumferential interstage pressure distribution was uniform. The exit-stage group of the inner spool was first t o stall; then, the stages upstream stalled in succession until the inlet stage of the outer spool was stalled. With a sufficiently high fuel rate, the process repeated with a cycle time of about 0.1 second. It was possible to construct reproducible stage stall lines as a function of compressor speed from the stage stall points of several such compressor surges. This transient stall line was checked by computing the stall line from a steady-state stage-loading curve. Good agreement between the stage stall lines was obtained by these two methods.

Supersonic Wind Tunnel Capabilities Expanded Into Subsonic Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roeder, James W., Jr.

1997-01-01

The operating envelope of the Abe Silverstein 10- by 10-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (10x10 SWT) at the NASA Lewis Research Center was recently expanded to include operation at subsonic test section speeds. This new capability generates test section air speeds ranging from Mach 0.05 to 0.35 (32 to 240 kn). Most of the expansion in air speed range was obtained by running the tunnel's main compressor at much lower speeds than ever before. The compressor drive system, consisting of four large electric motors, was run with only one or two motors energized to obtain the lower compressor speed range. This new capability makes the 10x10 SWT more versatile and gives U.S. researchers an enhanced ability to perform subsonic propulsion and aerodynamic testing.

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

30 CFR 75.344 - Compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... air course or to the surface and equipped with sensors to monitor for heat and for carbon monoxide or smoke. The sensors shall deenergize power to the compressor, activate a visual and audible alarm located... every 31 days, sensors installed to monitor for carbon monoxide shall be calibrated with a known...

30 CFR 75.344 - Compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air course or to the surface and equipped with sensors to monitor for heat and for carbon monoxide or smoke. The sensors shall deenergize power to the compressor, activate a visual and audible alarm located... every 31 days, sensors installed to monitor for carbon monoxide shall be calibrated with a known...

30 CFR 75.344 - Compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air course or to the surface and equipped with sensors to monitor for heat and for carbon monoxide or smoke. The sensors shall deenergize power to the compressor, activate a visual and audible alarm located... every 31 days, sensors installed to monitor for carbon monoxide shall be calibrated with a known...

30 CFR 75.344 - Compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air course or to the surface and equipped with sensors to monitor for heat and for carbon monoxide or smoke. The sensors shall deenergize power to the compressor, activate a visual and audible alarm located... every 31 days, sensors installed to monitor for carbon monoxide shall be calibrated with a known...

30 CFR 75.344 - Compressors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air course or to the surface and equipped with sensors to monitor for heat and for carbon monoxide or smoke. The sensors shall deenergize power to the compressor, activate a visual and audible alarm located... every 31 days, sensors installed to monitor for carbon monoxide shall be calibrated with a known...

78 FR 42758 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

... aircraft, to include: Inlet/Fan Modules, Core Engine Modules, Rear Compressor Drive Turbines, Fan Drive...-PW-229 engines for the Hellenic Air Force F-16 aircraft, to include: Inlet/Fan Modules, Core Engine Modules, Rear Compressor Drive Turbines, Fan Drive Turbine Modules, Augmentor Duct and Nozzle Modules, and...

8. VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST AT ELLIOTT COMPRESSORS, 100,000 CFM, USED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST AT ELLIOTT COMPRESSORS, 100,000 CFM, USED FOR REMOVAL OF BOUNDARY LAYER OF AIR IN TUNNEL THROUGH SLOTS. (ONLY USED BETWEEN MACH 1.1 AND 1.2). - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel, 640 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Shock tubes and waves; Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Symposium on Shock Tubes and Shock Waves, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, August 19-22, 1983

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Archer, R. D.; Milton, B. E.

Techniques and facilities are examined, taking into account compressor cascades research using a helium-driven shock tube, the suppression of shocks on transonic airfoils, methods of isentropically achieving superpressures, optimized performance of arc heated shock tubes, pressure losses in free piston driven shock tubes, large shock tubes designed for nuclear survivability testing, and power-series solutions of the gasdynamic equations for Mach reflection of a planar shock by a wedge. Other subjects considered are related to aerodynamics in shock tubes, shocks in dusty gases, chemical kinetics, and lasers, plasmas, and optical methods. Attention is given to vapor explosions and the blast at Mt. St. Helens, combustion reaction mechanisms from ignition delay times, the development and use of free piston wind tunnels, models for nonequilibrium flows in real shock tubes, air blast measuring techniques, finite difference computations of flow about supersonic lifting bodies, and the investigation of ionization relaxation in shock tubes.

Finalize field testing of cold climate heat pump (CCHP) based on tandem vapor injection compressors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Baxter, Van D.; Abdelaziz, Omar

2017-03-01

This report describes the system diagram and control algorithm of a prototype air-source cold climate heat pump (CCHP) using tandem vapor injection (VI) compressors. The prototype was installed in Fairbanks, Alaska and underwent field testing starting in 09/2016. The field testing results of the past six months, including compressor run time fractions, measured COPs and heating capacities, etc., are presented as a function of the ambient temperature. Two lessons learned are also reported.

Devices and methods of operation thereof for providing stable flow for centrifugal compressors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J. (Inventor); Stevens, Mark A. (Inventor); Jett, Thomas A. (Inventor)

2008-01-01

Centrifugal compressor flow stabilizing devices and methods of operation thereof are disclosed that act upon the flow field discharging from the impeller of a centrifugal compressor and modify the flow field ahead of the diffuser vanes such that flow conditions contributing to rotating stall and surge are reduced or even eliminated. In some embodiments, shaped rods and methods of operation thereof are disclosed, whereas in other embodiments reverse-tangent air injection devices and methods are disclosed.

Supersonic compressor

DOEpatents

Lawlor, Shawn P [Bellevue, WA; Novaresi, Mark A [San Diego, CA; Cornelius, Charles C [Kirkland, WA

2008-02-26

A gas compressor based on the use of a driven rotor having an axially oriented compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which forms a supersonic shockwave axially, between adjacent strakes. In using this method to compress inlet gas, the supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdyanamic flow path formed between the gas compression ramp on a strake, the shock capture lip on the adjacent strake, and captures the resultant pressure within the stationary external housing while providing a diffuser downstream of the compression ramp.

71. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE LIQUID AIR BUILDING, LOOKING AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

71. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE LIQUID AIR BUILDING, LOOKING AT A BANK OF AIR COMPRESSORS. JANUARY 29, 1919. - United States Nitrate Plant No. 2, Reservation Road, Muscle Shoals, Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL

46 CFR 112.50-7 - Compressed air starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Compressed air starting. 112.50-7 Section 112.50-7... air starting. A compressed air starting system must meet the following: (a) The starting, charging... air compressors addressed in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section. (b) The compressed air starting...

46 CFR 112.50-7 - Compressed air starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Compressed air starting. 112.50-7 Section 112.50-7... air starting. A compressed air starting system must meet the following: (a) The starting, charging... air compressors addressed in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section. (b) The compressed air starting...

Modeling and optimization of the air system in polymer exchange membrane fuel cell systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Cheng; Ouyang, Minggao; Yi, Baolian

Stack and air system are the two most important components in the fuel cell system (FCS). It is meaningful to study their properties and the trade-off between them. In this paper, a modified one-dimensional steady-state analytical fuel cell model is used. The logarithmic mean of the inlet and the outlet oxygen partial pressure is adopted to avoid underestimating the effect of air stoichiometry. And the pressure drop model in the grid-distributed flow field is included in the stack analysis. Combined with the coordinate change preprocessing and analog technique, neural network is used to treat the MAP of compressor and turbine in the air system. Three kinds of air system topologies, the pure screw compressor, serial booster and exhaust expander are analyzed in this article. A real-code genetic algorithm is programmed to obtain the global optimum air stoichiometric ratio and the cathode outlet pressure. It is shown that the serial booster and expander with the help of exhaust recycling, can improve more than 3% in the FCS efficiency comparing to the pure screw compressor. As the net power increases, the optimum cathode outlet pressure keeps rising and the air stoichiometry takes on the concave trajectory. The working zone of the proportional valve is also discussed. This presented work is helpful to the design of the air system in fuel cell system. The steady-state optimum can also be used in the dynamic control.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT, MIRATECH CORPORATION, GECO(TM) 3001 AIR/FUEL RATIO CONTROLLER (MANUFACTURED BY WOODWARD GOVERNOR COMPANY) PHASE II REPORT

EPA Science Inventory

In the natural gas industry, transmission pipeline operators use internal combustion (IC) gas-fired engines to provide the mechanical energy needed to drive pipeline gas compressors. As such, owners and operators of compressor stations are interested in the performance of these e...

40 CFR 60.5380 - What standards apply to centrifugal compressor affected facilities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What standards apply to centrifugal compressor affected facilities? 60.5380 Section 60.5380 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natura...

40 CFR 60.5380 - What standards apply to centrifugal compressor affected facilities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What standards apply to centrifugal compressor affected facilities? 60.5380 Section 60.5380 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natura...

Evaluation of BAUER K-20 Diesel Powered High Pressure Breathing Air Compressor and the P-5 Purification System (Unmanned)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

sieve and hopcalite using Bauer cartridge No. 068416. The molecular sieve absorbs oil and water vapors. The hopcalite converts carbon monoxide (CO) to...Molecular Sieve (058825)/ Hopcalite (068416) Cartridge purification system Evaluation. 4. MIL-C-52973A(ME) Military Specification Compressor Unit, 20 CFM

Model-based optimizations of packaged rooftop air conditioners using low global warming potential refrigerants

DOE PAGES

Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Shrestha, Som; ...

2017-10-31

Based on laboratory investigations for R-22 and R-410A alternative low GWP refrigerants in two baseline rooftop air conditioners (RTU), the DOE/ORNL Heat Pump Design Model was used to model the two RTUs and the models were calibrated against the experimental data. We compared the compressor efficiencies and heat exchanger performances. An efficiency-based compressor mapping method was developed. Extensive model-based optimizations were conducted to provide a fair comparison between all the low GWP candidates by selecting optimal configurations. The results illustrate that all the R-22 low GWP refrigerants will lead to slightly lower COPs. ARM-20B appears to be the best R-22more » replacement at normal conditions. At higher ambient temperatures, ARM-20A exhibits better performance. All R-410A low GWP candidates will result in similar or better efficiencies than R-410A. R-32 has the best COP while requiring the smallest compressor. Finally, R-452B uses the closest compressor displacement volume and achieves the same efficiency as R-410A.« less

Experimental Results Obtained with Air Liquide Cold Compression System: CERN LHC and SNS Projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delcayre, F.; Courty, J.-C.; Hamber, F.; Hilbert, B.; Monneret, E.; Toia, J.-L.

2006-04-01

Large scale collider facilities will make intensive use of superconducting magnets, operating below 2.0 K. This dictates high-capacity refrigeration systems operating below 2.0 K. These systems, making use of cryogenic centrifugal compressors in a series arrangement with room temperature screw compressors will be coupled to a refrigerator, providing a certain power at 4.5 K. A first Air Liquide Cold Compression System (CCS) unit was built and delivered to CERN in 2001. Installed at the beginning of 2002, it was commissioned and tested successfully during year 2002. A series of four sets of identical CCS were then tested in 2004. Another set of four cryogenic centrifugal compressors (CCC) has been delivered to Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in 2002. These compressors were tested and commissioned from December 2004 to July 2005. The experimental results obtained with these systems will be presented and discussed: the characteristics of the CCC will be detailed. The principles of control for the CCC in series will be detailed.

Model-based optimizations of packaged rooftop air conditioners using low global warming potential refrigerants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Shrestha, Som

Based on laboratory investigations for R-22 and R-410A alternative low GWP refrigerants in two baseline rooftop air conditioners (RTU), the DOE/ORNL Heat Pump Design Model was used to model the two RTUs and the models were calibrated against the experimental data. We compared the compressor efficiencies and heat exchanger performances. An efficiency-based compressor mapping method was developed. Extensive model-based optimizations were conducted to provide a fair comparison between all the low GWP candidates by selecting optimal configurations. The results illustrate that all the R-22 low GWP refrigerants will lead to slightly lower COPs. ARM-20B appears to be the best R-22more » replacement at normal conditions. At higher ambient temperatures, ARM-20A exhibits better performance. All R-410A low GWP candidates will result in similar or better efficiencies than R-410A. R-32 has the best COP while requiring the smallest compressor. Finally, R-452B uses the closest compressor displacement volume and achieves the same efficiency as R-410A.« less

Foundations for computer simulation of a low pressure oil flooded single screw air compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bein, T. W.

1981-12-01

The necessary logic to construct a computer model to predict the performance of an oil flooded, single screw air compressor is developed. The geometric variables and relationships used to describe the general single screw mechanism are developed. The governing equations to describe the processes are developed from their primary relationships. The assumptions used in the development are also defined and justified. The computer model predicts the internal pressure, temperature, and flowrates through the leakage paths throughout the compression cycle of the single screw compressor. The model uses empirical external values as the basis for the internal predictions. The computer values are compared to the empirical values, and conclusions are drawn based on the results. Recommendations are made for future efforts to improve the computer model and to verify some of the conclusions that are drawn.

Air liquide 1.8 K refrigeration units for CERN LHC project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hilbert, Benoît; Gistau-Baguer, Guy M.; Caillaud, Aurélie

2002-05-01

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be CERN's next research instrument for high energy physics. This 27 km long circular accelerator will make intensive use of superconducting magnets, operated below 2.0 K. It will thus require high capacity refrigeration below 2.0 K [1, 2]. Coupled to a refrigerator providing 18 kW equivalent at 4.5 K [3], these systems will be able to absorb a cryogenic power of 2.4 kW at 1.8 K in nominal conditions. Air Liquide has designed one Cold Compressor System (CCS) pre-series for CERN-preceding 3 more of them (among 8 in total located around the machine). These systems, making use of cryogenic centrifugal compressors in a series arrangement coupled to room temperature screw compressors, are presented. Key components characteristics will be given.

Control methods and valve arrangement for start-up and shutdown of pressurized combustion and gasification systems integrated with a gas turbine

DOEpatents

Provol, Steve J.; Russell, David B.; Isaksson, Matti J.

1994-01-01

A power plant having a system for converting coal to power in a gas turbine comprises a coal fed pressurized circulating bed for converting coal to pressurized gases, a gas turbine having a compressor for pressurizing air for the pressurized circulating bed and expander for receiving and expanding hot combustion gases for powering a generator, a first fast acting valve for controlling the pressurized air, a second fast acting valve means for controlling pressurized gas from the compressor to the expander.

First Breakthrough for Future Air-Breathing Magneto-Plasma Propulsion Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Göksel, B.; Mashek, I. Ch

2017-04-01

A new breakthrough in jet propulsion technology since the invention of the jet engine is achieved. The first critical tests for future air-breathing magneto-plasma propulsion systems have been successfully completed. In this regard, it is also the first time that a pinching dense plasma focus discharge could be ignited at one atmosphere and driven in pulse mode using very fast, nanosecond electrostatic excitations to induce self-organized plasma channels for ignition of the propulsive main discharge. Depending on the capacitor voltage (200-600 V) the energy input at one atmosphere varies from 52-320 J/pulse corresponding to impulse bits from 1.2-8.0 mNs. Such a new pulsed plasma propulsion system driven with one thousand pulses per second would already have thrust-to-area ratios (50-150 kN/m²) of modern jet engines. An array of thrusters could enable future aircrafts and airships to start from ground and reach altitudes up to 50km and beyond. The needed high power could be provided by future compact plasma fusion reactors already in development by aerospace companies. The magneto-plasma compressor itself was originally developed by Russian scientists as plasma fusion device and was later miniaturized for supersonic flow control applications. So the first breakthrough is based on a spin-off plasma fusion technology.

Investigation on wind energy-compressed air power system.

PubMed

Jia, Guang-Zheng; Wang, Xuan-Yin; Wu, Gen-Mao

2004-03-01

Wind energy is a pollution free and renewable resource widely distributed over China. Aimed at protecting the environment and enlarging application of wind energy, a new approach to application of wind energy by using compressed air power to some extent instead of electricity put forward. This includes: explaining the working principles and characteristics of the wind energy-compressed air power system; discussing the compatibility of wind energy and compressor capacity; presenting the theoretical model and computational simulation of the system. The obtained compressor capacity vs wind power relationship in certain wind velocity range can be helpful in the designing of the wind power-compressed air system. Results of investigations on the application of high-pressure compressed air for pressure reduction led to conclusion that pressure reduction with expander is better than the throttle regulator in energy saving.

Numerical study of effect of compressor swirling flow on combustor design in a MTE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Yong; Wang, Chengdong; Liu, Cunxi; Liu, Fuqiang; Hu, Chunyan; Xu, Gang; Zhu, Junqiang

2017-08-01

An effect of the swirling flow on the combustion performance is studied by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a micro-gas turbine with a centrifugal compressor, dump diffuser and forward-flow combustor. The distributions of air mass and the Temperature Pattern Factor (as: Overall Temperature Distribution Factor -OTDF) in outlet are investigated with two different swirling angles of compressed air as 0° and 15° in three combustors. The results show that the influences of swirling flow on the air distribution and OTDF cannot be neglected. Compared with no-swirling flow, the air through outer liner is more, and the air through the inner liner is less, and the pressure loss is bigger under the swirling condition in the same combustor. The Temperature Pattern Factor changes under the different swirling conditions.

Engine Research Building’s Central Control Room

NASA Image and Video Library

1948-07-21

Operators in the Engine Research Building’s Central Control Room at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory. The massive 4.25-acre Engine Research Building contains dozens of test cells, test stands, and altitude chambers. A powerful collection of compressors and exhausters located in the central portion of the basement provided process air and exhaust for these test areas. This system is connected to similar process air systems in the laboratory’s other large test facilities. The Central Control Room coordinates this activity and communicates with the local utilities. This photograph was taken just after a major upgrade to the control room in 1948. The panels on the wall contain rudimentary floor plans of the different Engine Research Building sections with indicator lights and instrumentation for each test cell. The process air equipment included 12 exhausters, four compressors, a refrigeration system, cooling water, and an exhaust system. The operators in the control room kept in contact with engineers running the process air system and those conducting the tests in the test cells. The operators also coordinated with the local power companies to make sure enough electricity was available to operate the powerful compressors and exhausters.

High Performance Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olson, J. R.; Roth, E.; Champagne, P.; Evtimov, B.; Nast, T. C.

2008-03-01

Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Center has been developing pulse tube cryocoolers for more than ten years. Recent innovations include successful testing of four-stage coldheads, no-load temperature below 4 K, and the recent development of a high-efficiency compressor. This paper discusses the predicted performance of single and multiple stage pulse tube coldheads driven by our new 6 kg "M5Midi" compressor, which is capable of 90% efficiency with 200 W input power, and a maximum input power of 1000 W. This compressor retains the simplicity of earlier LM-ATC compressors: it has a moving magnet and an external electrical coil, minimizing organics in the working gas and requiring no electrical penetrations through the pressure wall. Motor losses were minimized during design, resulting in a simple, easily-manufactured compressor with state-of-the-art motor efficiency. The predicted cryocooler performance is presented as simple formulae, allowing an engineer to include the impact of a highly-optimized cryocooler into a full system analysis. Performance is given as a function of the heat rejection temperature and the cold tip temperatures and cooling loads.

Evaluation and analysis on the coupling performance of a high-speed turboexpander compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shuangtao; Fan, Yufeng; Yang, Shanju; Chen, Xingya; Hou, Yu

2017-12-01

A high-speed turboexpander compressor (TEC) for small reverse Brayton air refrigerator is tested and analyzed in the present work. A TEC consists of an expander and a compressor, which are coupled together and interact with each other directly. Meanwhile, the expander and compressor have different effects on the refrigerator. The TEC overall efficiency, which contains effects of the expander's expansion, the compressor's pre-compression, and the pressure drop between them, was proved. It unifies influences of both compression and expansion processes on the COP of refrigerator and could be used to evaluate the TEC overall performance. Then, the coupling parameters were analyzed, which shows that for a TEC, the expander efficiency should be fully utilized first, followed by the compressor pressure ratio. Experiments were carried out to test the TEC coupling performances. The results indicated that, the TEC overall efficiency could reach 67.2%, and meanwhile 22.3% of the energy output was recycled.

The development of a performance-enhancing additive for vapor-compression heat pumps

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grzyll, L.R.; Scaringe, R.P.; Gottschlich, J.M.

1997-12-31

This paper describes the testing results of a vapor-compression heat pump operating with HFC-134a refrigerant and a performance-enhancing additive. Preliminary bench-top testing of this additive, when added to polyolester (POE) lubricant and HFC-134a refrigerant, showed surprising enhancements to system COP. To further investigate this finding, the authors designed and fabricated a vapor-compression heat pump test stand for the 3--5 ton range. The authors investigated the effect of different concentrations of this additive on various system performance parameters such as cooling capacity, compressor power requirement, pressure ratio, compressor pressure difference, compressor isentropic efficiency, refrigerant flow rate, and heat exchanger performance. Themore » authors investigated various heat source and heat sink conditions to simulate air-conditioning and heat pump operating conditions. To investigate the effect of this additive on compressor lubrication and life, the authors performed compressor life tests (with scroll and reciprocating compressors), and had lubrication wear tests performed with various concentrations of the additive in the POE lubricant.« less

Optimization of the working process of the axial compressor according to the criterion of efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baturin, O. V.; Popov, G. M.; Goryachkin, E. S.; Novikova, Yu D.

2017-01-01

The paper shows search results of the optimal shape of low pressure compressor blades of the industrial gas turbine plant using methods of computational fluid dynamics and multicriteria methods of mathematical optimization. The essence of the methods is that an increase in compressor efficiency should be achieved by increasing the degree of compression up to 2%, and reducing the air flow to 8% relative to basic engine parameters. However, the compressor design elements should be retained as maximally unchanged as possible. During the work, the calculation model of the workflow in the test compressor has been developed and verified in the NUMECA software package, the automated algorithm of the blades shape change has been also developed using a small number of variables, while maintaining its stress-strain state. It allows reducing the number of changeable variables more than twofold. As the result of this study, the option of compressor performance was found, which can increase its efficiency by 1.3% (abs.).

INNOVATIVE HYBRID GAS/ELECTRIC CHILLER COGENERATION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Todd Kollross; Mike Connolly

2004-06-30

Engine-driven chillers are quickly gaining popularity in the market place (increased from 7,000 tons in 1994 to greater than 50,000 tons in 1998) due to their high efficiency, electric peak shaving capability, and overall low operating cost. The product offers attractive economics (5 year pay back or less) in many applications, based on areas cooling requirements and electric pricing structure. When heat is recovered and utilized from the engine, the energy resource efficiency of a natural gas engine-driven chiller is higher than all competing products. As deregulation proceeds, real time pricing rate structures promise high peak demand electric rates, butmore » low off-peak electric rates. An emerging trend with commercial building owners and managers who require air conditioning today is to reduce their operating costs by installing hybrid chiller systems that combine gas and electric units. Hybrid systems not only reduce peak electric demand charges, but also allow customers to level their energy load profiles and select the most economical energy source, gas or electricity, from hour to hour. Until recently, however, all hybrid systems incorporated one or more gas-powered chillers (engine driven and/or absorption) and one or more conventional electric units. Typically, the cooling capacity of hybrid chiller plants ranges from the hundreds to thousands of refrigeration tons, with multiple chillers affording the user a choice of cooling systems. But this flexibility is less of an option for building operators who have limited room for equipment. To address this technology gap, a hybrid chiller was developed by Alturdyne that combines a gas engine, an electric motor and a refrigeration compressor within a single package. However, this product had not been designed to realize the full features and benefits possible by combining an engine, motor/generator and compressor. The purpose of this project is to develop a new hybrid chiller that can (1) reduce end-user energy costs, (2) lower building peak electric load, (3) increase energy efficiency, and (4) provide standby power. This new hybrid product is designed to allow the engine to generate electricity or drive the chiller's compressor, based on the market price and conditions of the available energy sources. Building owners can minimize cooling costs by operating with natural gas or electricity, depending on time of day energy rates. In the event of a backout, the building owner could either operate the product as a synchronous generator set, thus providing standby power, or continue to operate a chiller to provide air conditioning with support of a small generator set to cover the chiller's electric auxiliary requirements. The ability to utilize the same piece of equipment as a hybrid gas/electric chiller or a standby generator greatly enhances its economic attractiveness and would substantially expand the opportunities for high efficiency cooling products.« less

Regenerative adsorbent heat pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system and at least a portion of the heat of adsorption. A series of at least four compressors containing an adsorbent is provided. A large amount of heat is transferred from compressor to compressor so that heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.

Cooling supply system for stage 3 bucket of a gas turbine

DOEpatents

Eldrid, Sacheverel Quentin; Burns, James Lee; Palmer, Gene David; Leone, Sal Albert; Drlik, Gary Joseph; Gibler, Edward Eugene

2002-01-01

In a land based gas turbine including a compressor, a combustor and turbine section including at least three stages, an improvement comprising an inlet into a third stage nozzle from the compressor for feeding cooling air from the compressor to the third stage nozzle; at least one passageway running substantially radially through each airfoil of the third stage nozzle and an associated diaphragm, into an annular space between the rotor and the diaphragm; and passageways communicating between the annular space and individual buckets of the third stage.

17. Governor Accumulator Tank Compressor and motor located along rear ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Governor Accumulator Tank Compressor and motor located along rear corridor between Units 3 and 4, view to the west. The compressor motor is located just right of center in photograph. The pressure tank on the right side of the photograph is a reserve pressure tank for governor system. The pressure tank on the left side of the photograph is the original instrument air pressure tank. - Washington Water Power Clark Fork River Noxon Rapids Hydroelectric Development, Powerhouse, South bank of Clark Fork River at Noxon Rapids, Noxon, Sanders County, MT

Railguns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, R. A.

Descriptions are given of the following railgun systems: the fast-capacitor/inductor system, the slow-capacitor/inductance system, the homopolar generator/inductor system, the distributed energy store system, and the flux compressor powered railgun. Attention is also given to the inverse railgun flux compressor, where the piston is driven between the rails along which the inverted chevron armature slides. The development of the railgun since World War II is surveyed. It is noted that the most pressing need at present is for cheaper, simpler energy stores to couple to the railguns.

Segmentation-driven compound document coding based on H.264/AVC-INTRA.

PubMed

Zaghetto, Alexandre; de Queiroz, Ricardo L

2007-07-01

In this paper, we explore H.264/AVC operating in intraframe mode to compress a mixed image, i.e., composed of text, graphics, and pictures. Even though mixed contents (compound) documents usually require the use of multiple compressors, we apply a single compressor for both text and pictures. For that, distortion is taken into account differently between text and picture regions. Our approach is to use a segmentation-driven adaptation strategy to change the H.264/AVC quantization parameter on a macroblock by macroblock basis, i.e., we deviate bits from pictorial regions to text in order to keep text edges sharp. We show results of a segmentation driven quantizer adaptation method applied to compress documents. Our reconstructed images have better text sharpness compared to straight unadapted coding, at negligible visual losses on pictorial regions. Our results also highlight the fact that H.264/AVC-INTRA outperforms coders such as JPEG-2000 as a single coder for compound images.

Compressor-fan unitary structure for air conditioning system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dreiman, N.

2015-08-01

An extremely compact, therefore space saving unitary structure of short axial length is produced by radial integration of a revolving piston rotary compressor and an impeller of a centrifugal fan. The unitary structure employs single motor to run as the compressor so the airflow fan and eliminates duality of motors, related power supply and control elements. Novel revolving piston rotary compressor which provides possibility for such integration comprises the following: a suction gas delivery system which provides cooling of the motor and supplies refrigerant into the suction chamber under higher pressure (supercharged); a modified discharge system and lubricating oil supply system. Axial passages formed in the stationary crankshaft are used to supply discharge gas to a condenser, to return vaporized cooling agent from the evaporator to the suction cavity of the compressor, to pass a lubricant and to accommodate wiring supplying power to the unitary structure driver -external rotor electric motor.

Numerical Investigations of Slip Phenomena in Centrifugal Compressor Impellers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jeng-Min; Luo, Kai-Wei; Chen, Ching-Fu; Chiang, Chung-Ping; Wu, Teng-Yuan; Chen, Chun-Han

2013-03-01

This study systematically investigates the slip phenomena in the centrifugal air compressor impellers by CFD. Eight impeller blades for different specific speeds, wrap angles and exit blade angles are designed by compressor design software to analyze their flow fields. Except for the above three variables, flow rate and number of blades are the other two. Results show that the deviation angle decreases as the flow rate increases. The specific speed is not an important parameter regarding deviation angle or slip factor for general centrifugal compressor impellers. The slip onset position is closely related to the position of the peak value in the blade loading factor distribution. When no recirculation flow is present at the shroud, the variations of slip factor under various flow rates are mainly determined by difference between maximum blade angle and exit blade angle, Δβmax-2. The solidity should be of little importance to slip factor correlations in centrifugal compressor impellers.

Modeling and Prototyping of Automatic Clutch System for Light Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murali, S.; Jothi Prakash, V. M.; Vishal, S.

2017-03-01

Nowadays, recycling or regenerating the waste in to something useful is appreciated all around the globe. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate change. This study deals with provision of the automatic clutch mechanism in vehicles to facilitate the smooth changing of gears. This study proposed to use the exhaust gases which are normally expelled out as a waste from the turbocharger to actuate the clutch mechanism in vehicles to facilitate the smooth changing of gears. At present, clutches are operated automatically by using an air compressor in the four wheelers. In this study, a conceptual design is proposed in which the clutch is operated by the exhaust gas from the turbocharger and this will remove the usage of air compressor in the existing system. With this system, usage of air compressor is eliminated and the riders need not to operate the clutch manually. This work involved in development, analysation and validation of the conceptual design through simulation software. Then the developed conceptual design of an automatic pneumatic clutch system is tested with proto type.

Single rotor turbine engine

DOEpatents

Platts, David A.

2002-01-01

There has been invented a turbine engine with a single rotor which cools the engine, functions as a radial compressor, pushes air through the engine to the ignition point, and acts as an axial turbine for powering the compressor. The invention engine is designed to use a simple scheme of conventional passage shapes to provide both a radial and axial flow pattern through the single rotor, thereby allowing the radial intake air flow to cool the turbine blades and turbine exhaust gases in an axial flow to be used for energy transfer. In an alternative embodiment, an electric generator is incorporated in the engine to specifically adapt the invention for power generation. Magnets are embedded in the exhaust face of the single rotor proximate to a ring of stationary magnetic cores with windings to provide for the generation of electricity. In this alternative embodiment, the turbine is a radial inflow turbine rather than an axial turbine as used in the first embodiment. Radial inflow passages of conventional design are interleaved with radial compressor passages to allow the intake air to cool the turbine blades.

Simulated dynamic response of a multi-stage compressor with variable molecular weight flow medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Babcock, Dale A.

1995-01-01

A mathematical model of a multi-stage compressor with variable molecular weight flow medium is derived. The modeled system consists of a five stage, six cylinder, double acting, piston type compressor. Each stage is followed by a water cooled heat exchanger which serves to transfer the heat of compression from the gas. A high molecular weight gas (CFC-12) mixed with air in varying proportions is introduced to the suction of the compressor. Condensation of the heavy gas may occur in the upper stage heat exchangers. The state equations for the system are integrated using the Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL) for determining the system's dynamic and steady state characteristics under varying operating conditions.

Application of microturbines to control emissions from associated gas

DOEpatents

Schmidt, Darren D.

2013-04-16

A system for controlling the emission of associated gas produced from a reservoir. In an embodiment, the system comprises a gas compressor including a gas inlet in fluid communication with an associated gas source and a gas outlet. The gas compressor adjusts the pressure of the associated gas to produce a pressure-regulated associated gas. In addition, the system comprises a gas cleaner including a gas inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the gas compressor, a fuel gas outlet, and a waste product outlet. The gas cleaner separates at least a portion of the sulfur and the water from the associated gas to produce a fuel gas. Further, the system comprises a gas turbine including a fuel gas inlet in fluid communication with the fuel gas outlet of the gas cleaner and an air inlet. Still further, the system comprises a choke in fluid communication with the air inlet.

Turbine airfoil cooling system with cooling systems using high and low pressure cooling fluids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marsh, Jan H.; Messmann, Stephen John; Scribner, Carmen Andrew

A turbine airfoil cooling system including a low pressure cooling system and a high pressure cooling system for a turbine airfoil of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the low pressure cooling system may be an ambient air cooling system, and the high pressure cooling system may be a compressor bleed air cooling system. In at least one embodiment, the compressor bleed air cooling system in communication with a high pressure subsystem that may be a snubber cooling system positioned within a snubber. A delivery system including a movable air supply tube may be usedmore » to separate the low and high pressure cooling subsystems. The delivery system may enable high pressure cooling air to be passed to the snubber cooling system separate from low pressure cooling fluid supplied by the low pressure cooling system to other portions of the turbine airfoil cooling system.« less

Refrigeration system with a compressor-pump unit and a liquid-injection desuperheating line

DOEpatents

Gaul, Christopher J.

2001-01-01

The refrigeration system includes a compressor-pump unit and/or a liquid-injection assembly. The refrigeration system is a vapor-compression refrigeration system that includes an expansion device, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a liquid pump between the condenser and the expansion device. The liquid pump improves efficiency of the refrigeration system by increasing the pressure of, thus subcooling, the liquid refrigerant delivered from the condenser to the expansion device. The liquid pump and the compressor are driven by a single driving device and, in this regard, are coupled to a single shaft of a driving device, such as a belt-drive, an engine, or an electric motor. While the driving device may be separately contained, in a preferred embodiment, the liquid pump, the compressor, and the driving device (i.e., an electric motor) are contained within a single sealable housing having pump and driving device cooling paths to subcool liquid refrigerant discharged from the liquid pump and to control the operating temperature of the driving device. In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid injection assembly is included in a refrigeration system to divert liquid refrigerant from the discharge of a liquid pressure amplification pump to a compressor discharge pathway within a compressor housing to desuperheat refrigerant vapor to the saturation point within the compressor housing. The liquid injection assembly includes a liquid injection pipe with a control valve to meter the volume of diverted liquid refrigerant. The liquid injection assembly may also include a feedback controller with a microprocessor responsive to a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor both positioned between the compressor to operate the control valve to maintain the refrigerant at or near saturation.

Integrated Evaluation of Closed Loop Air Revitalization System Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murdock, K.

2010-01-01

NASA s vision and mission statements include an emphasis on human exploration of space, which requires environmental control and life support technologies. This Contractor Report (CR) describes the development and evaluation of an Air Revitalization System, modeling and simulation of the components, and integrated hardware testing with the goal of better understanding the inherent capabilities and limitations of this closed loop system. Major components integrated and tested included a 4-Bed Modular Sieve, Mechanical Compressor Engineering Development Unit, Temperature Swing Adsorption Compressor, and a Sabatier Engineering and Development Unit. The requisite methodolgy and technical results are contained in this CR.

Select Components and Finish System Design of a Window Air Conditioner with Propane

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar

This report describes the technical targets for developing a high efficiency window air conditioner (WAC) using propane (R-290). The baseline unit selected for this activity is a GE R-410A WAC. We established collaboration with a Chinese rotary compressor manufacturer, to select an R-290 compressor. We first modelled and calibrated the WAC system model using R-410A. Next, we applied the calibrated system model to design the R-290 WAC, and decided the strategies to reduce the system charge below 260 grams and achieve the capacity and efficiency targets.

Effect of CuO nanolubricant on compressor characteristics and performance of LPG based refrigeration cycle: experimental investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ravinder; Singh, Jagdev; Kundal, Pankaj

2018-05-01

Refrigeration, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system is the largest reason behind the increasing demand of energy consumption in the world and saving that energy through some innovative methods becomes a large issue for the researchers. Compressor is a primary component of the refrigeration cycle. The application of nanoparticles in refrigeration cycle overcomes the energy consumption issue by improving the compressor suction and discharge characteristics. In this paper, an experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on different parameters of the refrigeration cycle. CuO particles are appended with the system refrigerant through lubricating oil of the compressor. Further, the viscosity measurements and friction coefficient analysis of compressor lubricant for different fractions of nanoparticles has been investigated. The results showed that both the suction and discharge characteristics of the compressor were enhanced with the utilization of nanolubricant in LPG based refrigeration cycle. Nanoparticles additive in lubricant increases the viscosity which lead to a significant decrease in friction coefficient. The COP of the cycle was improved by 46%, as the energy consumption of the compressor was decreased by 7%.

Stage-by-Stage and Parallel Flow Path Compressor Modeling for a Variable Cycle Engine, NASA Advanced Air Vehicles Program - Commercial Supersonic Technology Project - AeroServoElasticity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopasakis, George; Connolly, Joseph W.; Cheng, Larry

2015-01-01

This paper covers the development of stage-by-stage and parallel flow path compressor modeling approaches for a Variable Cycle Engine. The stage-by-stage compressor modeling approach is an extension of a technique for lumped volume dynamics and performance characteristic modeling. It was developed to improve the accuracy of axial compressor dynamics over lumped volume dynamics modeling. The stage-by-stage compressor model presented here is formulated into a parallel flow path model that includes both axial and rotational dynamics. This is done to enable the study of compressor and propulsion system dynamic performance under flow distortion conditions. The approaches utilized here are generic and should be applicable for the modeling of any axial flow compressor design accurate time domain simulations. The objective of this work is as follows. Given the parameters describing the conditions of atmospheric disturbances, and utilizing the derived formulations, directly compute the transfer function poles and zeros describing these disturbances for acoustic velocity, temperature, pressure, and density. Time domain simulations of representative atmospheric turbulence can then be developed by utilizing these computed transfer functions together with the disturbance frequencies of interest.

Mixed-refrigerant Joule-Thomson (MR JT) mini-cryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tzabar, Nir

2014-01-01

This paper presents the progress in our ongoing research on Mixed-Refrigerant (MR) Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers. The research begun by exploring different MRs and testing various compressors: oil-lubricated and oil-free, reciprocating and linear, custom-made and commercial. Closed-cycle JT cryocoolers benefit from the fact that the compressor might be located far from the cold-end and thus there are no moving parts, no vibrations, and no heat emission near the cold-end. As a consequence, the compressor may be located where there are no severe size limitations, its heat can be conveniently removed, and it can be easily maintained. However, in some applications there is still a demand for a small compressor to drive a JT cryocooler although it is located far from the cooled device. Recently, we have developed a miniature oil-free compressor for MR JT cryocoolers that weighs about 700 g and its volume equals about 300 cc. The cryocooler operates with a MR that contains Ne, N2, and Hydrocarbons. This MR has been widely investigated with different compressors and varying operating conditions and proved to be stable. The current research investigates the performances of MR JT mini-cryocooler operating with the MR mentioned above, driven with our miniature compressor, and a cold-finger prototype. A Dewar with heat load of about 230 mW is cooled to about 80 K at ambient temperatures between 0°C and 40°C. The experimental results obtained are stable and demonstrate the ability to control the cooling temperature by changing the rotation speed of the compressor.

Swirling midframe flow for gas turbine engine having advanced transitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Montgomery, Matthew D.; Charron, Richard C.; Rodriguez, Jose L.

A gas turbine engine can-annular combustion arrangement (10), including: an axial compressor (82) operable to rotate in a rotation direction (60); a diffuser (100, 110) configured to receive compressed air (16) from the axial compressor; a plenum (22) configured to receive the compressed air from the diffuser; a plurality of combustor cans (12) each having a combustor inlet (38) in fluid communication with the plenum, wherein each combustor can is tangentially oriented so that a respective combustor inlet is circumferentially offset from a respective combustor outlet in a direction opposite the rotation direction; and an airflow guiding arrangement (80) configuredmore » to impart circumferential motion to the compressed air in the plenum in the direction opposite the rotation direction.« less

2. View of Liquified Propane Air Plant (New), former Exhaust ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View of Liquified Propane Air Plant (New), former Exhaust and Compressor Building and former Purifying Plant in background. - Concord Gas Light Company, South Main Street, Concord, Merrimack County, NH

Vibration reduction of pulse tube cryocooler driven by single piston compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Houlei; Xu, Nana; Liang, Jingtao; Yang, Luwei

2012-12-01

The development of pulse tube coolers has progressed significantly during the past two decades. A single piston linear compressor is used to in order to reduce the size and mass of a high frequency pulse tube cryocooler. The pulse tube achieved a no-load temperature of 61 K and a cooling power of 1 W@80 K with an operating frequency of 80 Hz and an electrical input power of 50 W. By itself, the single piston compressor generates a large vibration, so a set of leaf springs with an additional mass is used to reduce the vibration. The equation relating the mass, the elasticity coefficient of leaf spring and the working frequency is obtained through an empirical fit of the experimental data. The vibration amplitude is reduced from 55 mm/s to lower than 5 mm/s by using a proper leaf spring. This paper demonstrates that a single piston compressor with vibration reduction provides a good choice for a PTC.

Multimodal tuned dynamic absorber for split Stirling linear cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veprik, A.; Tuito, A.

2017-02-01

Forthcoming low size, weight, power and price split Stirling linear cryocoolers may rely on electro-dynamically driven single-piston compressors and pneumatically driven expanders interconnected by the configurable transfer line. For compactness, compressor and expander units may be placed in a side-by-side manner, thus producing tonal vibration export comprising force and moment components. In vibration sensitive applications, this may result in excessive angular line of sight jitter and translational defocusing affecting the image quality. The authors present Multimodal Tuned Dynamic Absorber (MTDA), having one translational and two tilting modes essentially tuned to the driving frequency. The dynamic reactions (force and moment) produced by such a MTDA are simultaneously counterbalancing force and moment vibration export produced by the cryocooler. The authors reveal the design details, the method of fine modal tuning and outcomes of numerical simulation on attainable performance.

Refining the W1 and SE1 Facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chambers, Rodney D.

2004-01-01

The Engine Research Building (ERB) houses more than 60 test rigs that study all aspects of engine development. By working with Mary Gibson in the SE1 and W1A Turbine Facilities, I became aware of her responsibilities and better acquainted with the inner workings of the ERB. The SE1 Supersonic/Subsonic Wind Tunnel Facility contains 2 small wind tunnels. The first tunnel uses an atmospheric inlet, while the second uses treated 40-psig air. Both of the tunnels are capable of subsonic and supersonic operation. An auxiliary air supply and exhaust piping providing both test sections with suction, blowing, and crossfire capabilities. The current configuration of SE1 consists of a curved diffuser that studies the blockage along the endwalls. The W1A Low Speed Compressor Facility provides insight for the complex flow phenomena within its 4-stage axial compressor, sand the data obtained from W 1A is used to develop advanced models for fluid dynamic assessment. W1A is based off of a low speed research compressor developed by GE in the 1950's. This compressor has a removable casing treatment under rotor 1, which allows for various tip treatment studies. The increased size and low speed allows instrumentation to be located in the compressor s complex flow paths. Air enters the facility through a filtered roof vent, conditioned for temperature and turbulence, and then passed through the compressor W1A is described as a dynamic facility with many projects taking place simultaneously. This current environment makes it challenging to follow the various affairs that are taking place within the area. During my first 4 weeks at the NASA Glenn Research Center, I have assisted Mary Gibson in multiple tasks such as facility documents, record keeping, maintenance and upgrades. The facility has lube systems for its gearbox and compressor. These systems are critical in the successful operation of the facility. I was assigned the task of creating a facility estimate list, which included the filters and strainers required for the compressor. For my remaining time spent here, we expect to complete a facility parts listing and a virtual project summary so that W1A and SE1 will become ergonomic facilities that will make it easier for people to observe the capabilities and history of the area and the employees that operate. Bolstering our efforts in achieving these goal are the online technical tutorials, software such as Microsoft Excel. Macromedia Flash MX Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, Photoshop 6.0 and the assistance of several NASA employees.

Mountain Plains Learning Experience Guide: Heating, Refrigeration, & Air Conditioning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carey, John

This Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning course is comprised of eleven individualized units: (1) Refrigeration Tools, Materials, and Refrigerant; (2) Basic Heating and Air Conditioning; (3) Sealed System Repairs; (4) Basic Refrigeration Systems; (5) Compression Systems and Compressors; (6) Refrigeration Controls; (7) Electric Circuit…

A Cabin Air Separator for EVA Oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, John C.

2011-01-01

Presently, the Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs) conducted from the Quest Joint Airlock on the International Space Station use high pressure, high purity oxygen that is delivered to the Space Station by the Space Shuttle. When the Space Shuttle retires, a new method of delivering high pressure, high purity oxygen to the High Pressure Gas Tanks (HPGTs) is needed. One method is to use a cabin air separator to sweep oxygen from the cabin air, generate a low pressure/high purity oxygen stream, and compress the oxygen with a multistage mechanical compressor. A main advantage to this type of system is that the existing low pressure oxygen supply infrastructure can be used as the source of cabin oxygen. ISS has two water electrolysis systems that deliver low pressure oxygen to the cabin, as well as chlorate candles and compressed gas tanks on cargo vehicles. Each of these systems can feed low pressure oxygen into the cabin, and any low pressure oxygen source can be used as an on-board source of oxygen. Three different oxygen separator systems were evaluated, and a two stage Pressure Swing Adsorption system was selected for reasons of technical maturity. Two different compressor designs were subjected to long term testing, and the compressor with better life performance and more favorable oxygen safety characteristics was selected. These technologies have been used as the basis of a design for a flight system located in Equipment Lock, and taken to Preliminary Design Review level of maturity. This paper describes the Cabin Air Separator for EVA Oxygen (CASEO) concept, describes the separator and compressor technology trades, highlights key technology risks, and describes the flight hardware concept as presented at Preliminary Design Review (PDR)

Refrigeration Compressors for the Altitude Wind Tunnel

NASA Image and Video Library

1944-09-21

These compressors inside the Refrigeration Building at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory were used to generate cold temperatures in the Altitude Wind Tunnel (AWT) and Icing Research Tunnel. The AWT was a large facility that simulated actual flight conditions at high altitudes. The two primary aspects of altitude simulation are the reduction of the air pressure and the decrease of temperature. The Icing Research Tunnel was a smaller facility in which water droplets were added to the refrigerated air stream to simulate weather conditions that produced ice buildup on aircraft. The military pressured the NACA to complete the tunnels quickly so they could be of use during World War II. The NACA engineers struggled with the design of this refrigeration system, so Willis Carrier, whose Carrier Corporation had pioneered modern refrigeration, took on the project. The Carrier engineers devised the largest cooling system of its kind in the world. The system could lower the tunnels’ air temperature to –47⁰ F. The cooling system was powered by 14 Carrier and York compressors, seen in this photograph, which were housed in the Refrigeration Building between the two wind tunnels. The compressors converted the Freon 12 refrigerant into a liquid. The refrigerant was then pumped into zig-zag banks of cooling coils inside the tunnels’ return leg. The Freon absorbed heat from the airflow as it passed through the coils. The heat was transferred to the cooling water and sent to the cooling tower where it was dissipated into the atmosphere.

Turbocharger apparatus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leavesley, M.G.

1993-08-03

Variable turbocharger apparatus is described comprising a compressor housing, a compressor mounted for rotation in the compressor housing, a turbine housing, a turbine mounted for rotation in the turbine housing, a first inlet for enabling air to be conducted to the compressor, an outlet for air from the compressor, a second inlet for enabling exhaust gases from an engine to be conducted to the turbine, a chamber which surrounds the turbine and which receives the exhaust gases from the second inlet before the exhaust gases are conducted to the turbine, a piston which is positioned between the turbine and themore » turbine housing and which is slidable backwards and forwards to form a movable wall separating the turbine from the chamber which surrounds the turbine, a bearing assembly for allowing the rotation of the compressor and the turbine, and a heat shield for shielding the bearing assembly from the exhaust gases, the piston having a plurality of vanes, the piston being such that in its closed position it terminates short of an adjacent part of the turbine housing so that there is always a gap between the end of the piston and the adjacent part of the turbine housing whereby exhaust gases from the chamber can always pass through the gap to act on the turbine, the piston being such that in its open position the gap is increased, and the piston being biased to its closed position against pressure from exhaust gases in the chamber during use of the variable turbocharger apparatus whereby the piston slides backwards and forwards to vary the gap in dependence upon engine operating conditions, and the variable turbocharger apparatus being such that the vanes on the piston enter into slots in the heat shield.« less

Breakthrough Air Force Capabilities Spawned By Basic Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

AboutAFOSR/about_history.htm>. 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid. 4 1990s • Titanium Aluminides . AFOSR-sponsored research looked at titanium aluminides , which are...the 1970s, AFOSR sponsored research on ways to increase the strength and fatigue resistance of titanium , aluminum, and nickel alloys used for...High-Efficiency Swept Shock Compressor Blades . AFOSR-sponsored research looked at making rotor blades in axial flow compressors more efficient

Method of Separating Oxygen From Spacecraft Cabin Air to Enable Extravehicular Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, John C.

2013-01-01

Extravehicular activities (EVAs) require high-pressure, high-purity oxygen. Shuttle EVAs use oxygen that is stored and transported as a cryogenic fluid. EVAs on the International Space Station (ISS) presently use the Shuttle cryo O2, which is transported to the ISS using a transfer hose. The fluid is compressed to elevated pressures and stored as a high-pressure gas. With the retirement of the shuttle, NASA has been searching for ways to deliver oxygen to fill the highpressure oxygen tanks on the ISS. A method was developed using low-pressure oxygen generated onboard the ISS and released into ISS cabin air, filtering the oxygen from ISS cabin air using a pressure swing absorber to generate a low-pressure (high-purity) oxygen stream, compressing the oxygen with a mechanical compressor, and transferring the high-pressure, high-purity oxygen to ISS storage tanks. The pressure swing absorber (PSA) can be either a two-stage device, or a single-stage device, depending on the type of sorbent used. The key is to produce a stream with oxygen purity greater than 99.5 percent. The separator can be a PSA device, or a VPSA device (that uses both vacuum and pressure for the gas separation). The compressor is a multi-stage mechanical compressor. If the gas flow rates are on the order of 5 to 10 lb (.2.3 to 4.6 kg) per day, the compressor can be relatively small [3 16 16 in. (.8 41 41 cm)]. Any spacecraft system, or other remote location that has a supply of lowpressure oxygen, a method of separating oxygen from cabin air, and a method of compressing the enriched oxygen stream, has the possibility of having a regenerable supply of highpressure, high-purity oxygen that is compact, simple, and safe. If cabin air is modified so there is very little argon, the separator can be smaller, simpler, and use less power.

Field Investigation of an Air-Source Cold Climate Heat Pump

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Rice, C Keith

In the U.S., there are approximately 2.6 million dwellings that use electricity for heating in cold and very cold regions with an annual energy consumption of 0.16 quads (0.17 EJ). A high performance cold climate heat pump (CCHP) would result in significant savings over current technologies (greater than 60% compared to electric resistance heating). We developed an air-source cold climate heat pump, which uses tandem compressors, with a single compressor rated for the building design cooling load, and running two compressors to provide, at -13 F (-25 C), 75% of rated heating capacity. The tandem compressors were optimized for heatingmore » operation and are able to tolerate discharge temperatures up to 280 F (138 C). A field investigation was conducted in the winter of 2015, in an occupied home in Ohio, USA. During the heating season, the seasonal COP was measured at 3.16, and the heat pump was able to operate down to -13 F (-25 C) and eliminate resistance heat use. The heat pump maintained an acceptable comfort level throughout the heating season. In comparison to a previous single-speed heat pump in the home, the CCHP demonstrated more than 40% energy savings in the peak heating load month. This paper illustrates the measured field performance, including compressor run time, frost/defrosting operations, distributions of building heating load and capacity delivery, comfort level, field measured COPs, etc.« less

9. Roof. A view looking north, showing the elevator bulkheads ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Roof. A view looking north, showing the elevator bulkheads and the retrofit air-conditioning compressors and air handlers. - John T. Beasley Building, 632 Cherry Street (between Sixth & Seventh Streets), Terre Haute, Vigo County, IN

Miniature Piezoelectric Compressor for Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobol, Sergey; Tzabar, Nir; Grossman, Gershon

Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers operate with a continuous flow of the working fluid that enters the cooler at a high pressure and leaves it at a lower pressure. Ideally, the temperature of the outgoing fluid equals the temperature of the entering fluid. JT cryocoolers that operate with pure refrigerants require high pressure of a few tens of MPa where the low pressure is usually around 0.1 MPa. Circulation of the working fluid in such cases requires high pressure ratio compressors that evidently have large dimensions. JT cryocoolers can operate with much lower pressure ratios by using mixed-refrigerants. Cooling from 300 K to about 80 K in a single stage cryocooler normally requires a pressure ratio of about 1:25. In the present research a miniature compressor driven by piezoelectric elements is developed in collaboration between Rafael and the Technion. This type of compressor has the advantage of improved long life compared to other mechanical compressors, very low vibrations, and silent operation. In the current case, the design goal of the intake and discharge pressures has been 0.1 and 2.5 MPa, respectively, with a flow rate of 0.06 g/s. The compressor has two compression stages; 1:5 and 5:25. Several configurations have been considered, fabricated, and tested. The performance of the last configuration approaches the desired specification and is presented in the current paper together with the design concept.

Linear Resonance Compressor for Stirling-Type Cryocoolers Activated by Piezoelectric Stack-Type Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobol, S.; Grossman, G.

2015-12-01

A novel type of a PZT- based compressor operating at mechanical resonance, suitable for pneumatically-driven Stirling-type cryocoolers was developed theoretically and built practically during this research. A resonance operation at relatively low frequency was achieved by incorporating the piezo ceramics into the moving part, and by reducing the effective piezo stiffness using hydraulic amplification. The detailed concept, analytical model and the test results of the preliminary prototype were reported earlier and presented at ICC17 [2]. A fine agreement between the simulations and experiments spurred development of the current actual compressor designed to drive a miniature Pulse Tube cryocooler, particularly our MTSa model, which operates at 103 Hz and requires an average PV power of 11 W, filling pressure of 40 Bar and a pressure ratio of 1.3. The paper concentrates on design aspects and optimization of the governing parameters. The small stroke to diameter ratio (about 1:10) allows for the use of a composite diaphragm instead of a clearance-seal piston. The motivation is to create an adequate separation between the working fluid and the buffer gas of the compressor, thus preventing possible contamination in the cryocooler. Providing efficiency and power density similar to those of conventional linear compressors, the piezo compressor may serve as a good alternative for cryogenic applications requiring extreme reliability and absence of magnetic field interference.

Mid-section of a can-annular gas turbine engine with a cooling system for the transition

DOEpatents

Wiebe, David J.; Rodriguez, Jose L.

2015-12-08

A cooling system is provided for a transition (420) of a gas turbine engine (410). The cooling system includes a cowling (460) configured to receive an air flow (111) from an outlet of a compressor section of the gas turbine engine (410). The cowling (460) is positioned adjacent to a region of the transition (420) to cool the transition region upon circulation of the air flow within the cowling (460). The cooling system further includes a manifold (121) to directly couple the air flow (111) from the compressor section outlet to an inlet (462) of the cowling (460). The cowling (460) is configured to circulate the air flow (111) within an interior space (426) of the cowling (460) that extends radially outward from an inner diameter (423) of the cowling to an outer diameter (424) of the cowling at an outer surface.

Auto-ignition of lubricating oil working at high pressures in a compressor for an air conditioner.

PubMed

Kim, Chul Jin; Choi, Hyo Hyun; Sohn, Chae Hoon

2011-01-15

Auto-ignition of lubricating oil working in a compressor for an air conditioner is studied experimentally. The adopted lubricating oil is an unknown mixture with multi-components and known to have flash point temperature of 170 °C. First, its auto-ignition temperature is measured 365 °C at atmospheric pressure. The lubricating oil works under high-pressure condition up to 30 atm and it is heated and cooled down repeatedly. Accordingly, auto-ignition temperatures or flammable limits of lubricating oil are required at high pressures with respect to fire safety. Because there is not a standard test method for the purpose, a new ignition-test method is proposed in this study and thereby, auto-ignition temperatures are measured over the pressure range below 30 atm. The measured temperatures range from 215 °C to 255 °C and they strongly depend on pressure of gas mixture consisting of oil vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen. They are close to flash point temperature and the lubricating oil can be hazardous when it works for high-pressure operating condition and abundant air flows into a compressor. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carbon and energy saving markets in compressed air

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cipollone, R.

2015-08-01

CO2 reduction and fossil fuel saving represent two of the cornerstones of the environmental commitments of all the countries of the world. The first engagement is of a medium to long term type, and unequivocally calls for a new energetic era. The second delays in time the fossil fuel technologies to favour an energetic transition. In order to sustain the two efforts, new immaterial markets have been established in almost all the countries of the world, whose exchanges (purchases and sales) concern CO2 emissions and equivalent fossil fuels that have not been emitted or burned. This paper goes deep inside two aspects not yet exploited: specific CO2 emissions and equivalent fossil fuel burned, as a function of compressed air produced. Reference is made to the current compressor technology, carefully analysing CAGI's (Compressed Air Gas Institute) data and integrating it with the PNUEROP (European Association of manufacturers of compressors, vacuum pumps, pneumatic tools and allied equipment) contribution on the compressor European market. On the base of energy saving estimates that could be put in place, this article also estimates the financial value of the CO2 emissions and fossil fuels avoided.

Effects of Air Conditioner Use on Real-World Fuel Economy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huff, Shean P; West, Brian H; Thomas, John F

2013-01-01

Vehicle data were acquired on-road and on a chassis dynamometer to assess fuel consumption under several steady cruise conditions and at idle. Data were gathered for various air conditioner (A/C) settings and with the A/C off and the windows open. Two vehicles were used in the comparisonstudy: a 2009 Ford Explorer and a 2009 Toyota Corolla. At steady speeds between 64.4 and 112.7 kph (40 and 70 mph), both vehicles consumed more fuel with the A/C on at maximum cooling load (compressor at 100% duty cycle) than when driving with the windows down. The Explorer maintained this trend beyond 112.7more » kph (70 mph), while the Corolla fuel consumption with the windows down matched that of running the A/C at 120.7 kph (75 mph), and exceeded it at 128.7 kph (80 mph). The largest incremental fuel consumption rate penalty due to air conditioner use occurred was nearly constant with a weakslight trend of increasing consumption with increasing compressor (and vehicle) speed. Lower consumption is seenobserved at idle for both vehicles, likely due to the low compressor speed at this operating point« less

40 CFR 86.000-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding the air conditioning compressor... simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding a heat load to the... appendix I, paragraph (a), of this part. Environmental test cell means a test cell capable of wind-speed...

40 CFR 86.000-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding the air conditioning compressor... simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding a heat load to the... appendix I, paragraph (a), of this part. Environmental test cell means a test cell capable of wind-speed...

40 CFR 86.000-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding the air conditioning compressor... simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental test cell by adding a heat load to the... appendix I, paragraph (a), of this part. Environmental test cell means a test cell capable of wind-speed...

24 CFR 3280.702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (in the case of a heat pump) heating system which includes the refrigerant pump (compressor) and the external heat exchanger. Air conditioning evaporator section means a heat exchanger used to cool or (in the case of a heat pump) heat air for use in comfort cooling (or heating) the living space. Air...

24 CFR 3280.702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (in the case of a heat pump) heating system which includes the refrigerant pump (compressor) and the external heat exchanger. Air conditioning evaporator section means a heat exchanger used to cool or (in the case of a heat pump) heat air for use in comfort cooling (or heating) the living space. Air...

24 CFR 3280.702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... means that portion of a refrigerated air cooling or (in the case of a heat pump) heating system which includes the refrigerant pump (compressor) and the external heat exchanger. Air conditioning evaporator section means a heat exchanger used to cool or (in the case of a heat pump) heat air for use in comfort...

49 CFR 232.103 - General requirements for all train brake systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the air compressor governor starting or loading pressure. (l) Except as otherwise provided in this... brake pipe air pressure: Road Service 90 Switch Service 60 (2) Minimum differential between brake pipe and main reservoir air pressures, with brake valve in running position 15 (3) Safety valve for...

49 CFR 232.103 - General requirements for all train brake systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the air compressor governor starting or loading pressure. (l) Except as otherwise provided in this... brake pipe air pressure: Road Service 90 Switch Service 60 (2) Minimum differential between brake pipe and main reservoir air pressures, with brake valve in running position 15 (3) Safety valve for...

Optimization analysis of the motor cooling method in semi-closed single screw refrigeration compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z. L.; Shen, Y. F.; Wang, Z. B.; Wang, J.

2017-08-01

Semi-closed single screw refrigeration compressors (SSRC) are widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems owing to the advantages of simple structure, balanced forces on the rotor, high volumetric efficiency and so on. In semi-closed SSRCs, motor is often cooled by suction gas or injected refrigerant liquid. Motor cooling method will changes the suction gas temperature, this to a certain extent, is an important factor influencing the thermal dynamic performance of a compressor. Thus the effects of motor cooling method on the performance of the compressor must be studied. In this paper mathematical models of motor cooling process by using these two methods were established. Influences of motor cooling parameters such as suction gas temperature, suction gas quantity, temperature of the injected refrigerant liquid and quantity of the injected refrigerant liquid on the thermal dynamic performance of the compressor were analyzed. The performances of the compressor using these two kinds of motor cooling methods were compared. The motor cooling capacity of the injected refrigerant liquid is proved to be better than the suction gas. All analysis results obtained can be useful for optimum design of the motor cooling process to improve the efficiency and the energy efficiency of the compressor.

System solution to improve energy efficiency of HVAC systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chretien, L.; Becerra, R.; Salts, N. P.; Groll, E. A.

2017-08-01

According to recent surveys, heating and air conditioning systems account for over 45% of the total energy usage in US households. Three main types of HVAC systems are available to homeowners: (1) fixed-speed systems, where the compressor cycles on and off to match the cooling load; (2) multi-speed (typically, two-speed) systems, where the compressor can operate at multiple cooling capacities, leading to reduced cycling; and (3) variable-speed systems, where the compressor speed is adjusted to match the cooling load of the household, thereby providing higher efficiency and comfort levels through better temperature and humidity control. While energy consumption could reduce significantly by adopting variable-speed compressor systems, the market penetration has been limited to less than 10% of the total HVAC units and a vast majority of systems installed in new construction remains single speed. A few reasons may explain this phenomenon such as the complexity of the electronic circuitry required to vary compressor speed as well as the associated system cost. This paper outlines a system solution to boost the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER) of a traditional single-speed unit through using a low power electronic converter that allows the compressor to operate at multiple low capacity settings and is disabled at high compressor speeds.

Compressed Air Quality, A Case Study In Paiton Coal Fired Power Plant Unit 1 And 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indah, Nur; Kusuma, Yuriadi; Mardani

2018-03-01

The compressed air system becomes part of a very important utility system in a Plant, including the Steam Power Plant. In PLN’S coal fired power plant, Paiton units 1 and 2, there are four Centrifugal air compressor types, which produce compressed air as much as 5.652 cfm and with electric power capacity of 1200 kW. Electricity consumption to operate centrifugal compressor is 7.104.117 kWh per year. Compressed air generation is not only sufficient in quantity (flow rate) but also meets the required air quality standards. compressed air at Steam Power Plant is used for; service air, Instrument air, and for fly Ash. This study aims to measure some important parameters related to air quality, followed by potential disturbance analysis, equipment breakdown or reduction of energy consumption from existing compressed air conditions. These measurements include counting the number of dust particles, moisture content, relative humidity, and also compressed air pressure. From the measurements, the compressed air pressure generated by the compressor is about 8.4 barg and decreased to 7.7 barg at the furthest point, so the pressure drop is 0.63 barg, this number satisfies the needs in the end user. The measurement of the number of particles contained in compressed air, for particle of 0.3 micron reaches 170,752 particles, while for the particle size 0.5 micron reaches 45,245 particles. Measurements of particles conducted at several points of measurement. For some point measurements the number of dust particle exceeds the standard set by ISO 8573.1-2010 and also NACE Code, so it needs to be improved on the air treatment process. To see the amount of moisture content in compressed air, it is done by measuring pressure dew point temperature (PDP). Measurements were made at several points with results ranging from -28.4 to 30.9 °C. The recommendation of improving compressed air quality in steam power plant, Paiton unit 1 and 2 has the potential to extend the life of instrumentation equipment, improve the reliability of equipment, and reduce the amount of energy consumption up to 502,579 kWh per year.

Performance and economic enhancement of cogeneration gas turbines through compressor inlet air cooling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delucia, M.; Bronconi, R.; Carnevale, E.

1994-04-01

Gas turbine air cooling systems serve to raise performance to peak power levels during the hot months when high atmospheric temperatures cause reductions in net power output. This work describes the technical and economic advantages of providing a compressor inlet air cooling system to increase the gas turbine's power rating and reduce its heat rate. The pros and cons of state-of-the-art cooling technologies, i.e., absorption and compression refrigeration, with and without thermal energy storage, were examined in order to select the most suitable cooling solution. Heavy-duty gas turbine cogeneration systems with and without absorption units were modeled, as well as various industrial sectors, i.e., paper and pulp, pharmaceuticals, food processing, textiles, tanning, and building materials. The ambient temperature variations were modeled so the effects of climate could be accounted for in the simulation. The results validated the advantages of gas turbine cogeneration with absorption air cooling as compared to other systems without air cooling.

Instability of multistage compressor K1501

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhou, Ren-Mu

1987-01-01

The K1501 compressor, driven by a steam turbine, is used to transport synthetic gas in fertilizer plants of 1000 tons daily production. The turbo-compressor set, which had been in operation since 1982, vibrated rather intensely, and its maximum load was only about 95 percent of the normal value. Damaging vibration to pads and gas-sealing labyrinths occurred three times from 1982 to 1983 and resulted in considerable economic loss. From the characteristics of the vibration, we suspected its cause to be rotor instability due to labyrinth-seal excitation. But, for lack of experience, the problem was not addressed for two years. Finally, we determined that the instability was indeed produced by labyrinth-seal excitation and corrected this problem by injecting gas into the middle-diaphragm labyrinths. This paper primarily discusses the failure and the remedy described above.

Air-flow regulation system for a coal gasifier

DOEpatents

Fasching, George E.

1984-01-01

An improved air-flow regulator for a fixed-bed coal gasifier is provided which allows close air-flow regulation from a compressor source even though the pressure variations are too rapid for a single primary control loop to respond. The improved system includes a primary controller to control a valve in the main (large) air supply line to regulate large slow changes in flow. A secondary controller is used to control a smaller, faster acting valve in a secondary (small) air supply line parallel to the main line valve to regulate rapid cyclic deviations in air flow. A low-pass filter with a time constant of from 20 to 50 seconds couples the output of the secondary controller to the input of the primary controller so that the primary controller only responds to slow changes in the air-flow rate, the faster, cyclic deviations in flow rate sensed and corrected by the secondary controller loop do not reach the primary controller due to the high frequency rejection provided by the filter. This control arrangement provides at least a factor of 5 improvement in air-flow regulation for a coal gasifier in which air is supplied by a reciprocating compressor through a surge tank.

46 CFR 32.35-15 - Installation of air compressors on tank vessels contracted for on or after June 15, 1977-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... June 15, 1977—TB/ALL. No tank vessel, except an oil pollution clean-up vessel, that carries petroleum... compressor intake installed in any of the following cargo areas: (a) A cargo handling room. (b) An enclosed... or ventilation opening to a cargo handling room. (f) Except for tank barges, the cargo deck space...

46 CFR 32.35-15 - Installation of air compressors on tank vessels contracted for on or after June 15, 1977-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... June 15, 1977—TB/ALL. No tank vessel, except an oil pollution clean-up vessel, that carries petroleum... compressor intake installed in any of the following cargo areas: (a) A cargo handling room. (b) An enclosed... or ventilation opening to a cargo handling room. (f) Except for tank barges, the cargo deck space...

46 CFR 32.35-15 - Installation of air compressors on tank vessels contracted for on or after June 15, 1977-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... June 15, 1977—TB/ALL. No tank vessel, except an oil pollution clean-up vessel, that carries petroleum... compressor intake installed in any of the following cargo areas: (a) A cargo handling room. (b) An enclosed... or ventilation opening to a cargo handling room. (f) Except for tank barges, the cargo deck space...

46 CFR 32.35-15 - Installation of air compressors on tank vessels contracted for on or after June 15, 1977-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... June 15, 1977—TB/ALL. No tank vessel, except an oil pollution clean-up vessel, that carries petroleum... compressor intake installed in any of the following cargo areas: (a) A cargo handling room. (b) An enclosed... or ventilation opening to a cargo handling room. (f) Except for tank barges, the cargo deck space...

46 CFR 32.35-15 - Installation of air compressors on tank vessels contracted for on or after June 15, 1977-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... June 15, 1977—TB/ALL. No tank vessel, except an oil pollution clean-up vessel, that carries petroleum... compressor intake installed in any of the following cargo areas: (a) A cargo handling room. (b) An enclosed... or ventilation opening to a cargo handling room. (f) Except for tank barges, the cargo deck space...

Active Flow Separation Control of a Stator Vane Using Surface Injection in a Multistage Compressor Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culley, Dennis E.; Bright, Michelle M.; Prahst, Patricia S.; Strazisar, Anthony J.

2003-01-01

Micro-flow control actuation embedded in a stator vane was used to successfully control separation and improve near stall performance in a multistage compressor rig at NASA Glenn. Using specially designed stator vanes configured with internal actuation to deliver pulsating air through slots along the suction surface, a research study was performed to identify performance benefits using this microflow control approach. Pressure profiles and unsteady pressure measurements along the blade surface and at the shroud provided a dynamic look at the compressor during microflow air injection. These pressure measurements lead to a tracking algorithm to identify the onset of separation. The testing included steady air injection at various slot locations along the vane. The research also examined the benefit of pulsed injection and actively controlled air injection along the stator vane. Two types of actuation schemes were studied, including an embedded actuator for on-blade control. Successful application of an online detection and flow control scheme will be discussed. Testing showed dramatic performance benefit for flow reattachment and subsequent improvement in diffusion through the use of pulsed controlled injection. The paper will discuss the experimental setup, the blade configurations, and preliminary CFD results which guided the slot location along the blade. The paper will also show the pressure profiles and unsteady pressure measurements used to track flow control enhancement, and will conclude with the tracking algorithm for adjusting the control.

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 1. UNIT XIV, I--MAINTAINING THE AIR SYSTEM, CUMMINS DIESEL ENGINE, II--UNIT REMOVAL--TRANSMISSION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Human Engineering Inst., Cleveland, OH.

THIS MODULE OF A 30-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND MAINTENANCE OF THE DIESEL ENGINE AIR SYSTEM AND THE PROCEDURES FOR TRANSMISSION REMOVAL. TOPICS ARE (1) DEFINITION OF TERMS RELATED TO THE DIESEL AIR SYSTEM, (2) PRNCIPLES OF DIESEL AIR COMPRESSORS, (3) PRINCIPLES OF AIR STARTING MOTORS, (4)…

Performance estimation of an oil-free linear compressor unit for a new compact 2K Gifford-McMahon cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiratsuka, Y.; Bao, Q.; Y Xu, M.

2017-12-01

Since 2012, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) has been developed and reported by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI). Also, it was reported that National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) developed a multi-channel, conduction-cooled SSPD system. However, the size and power consumption reduction becomes indispensable to apply such a system to the optical communication of AdHoc for a mobile system installed in a vehicle. The objective is to reduce the total height of the expander by 33% relative to the existing RDK-101 GM expander and to reduce the total volume of the compressor unit by 50% relative to the existing CNA-11 compressor. In addition, considering the targeted cooling application, we set the design cooling capacity targets of the first and the second stages 1 W at 60 K and 20 mW at 2.3 K respectively. In 2016, Hiratsuka et al. reported that an oil-free compressor was developed for a 2K GM cryocooler. The cooling performance of a 2K GM expander driven by an experimental unit of the linear compressor was measured. No-load temperature less than 2.1 K and the cooling capacity of 20 mW at 2.3 K were successfully achieved with an electric input power of only 1.1 kW. After that, the compressor capsule and the heat exchanger, etc. were assembled into one enclosure as a compressor unit. The total volume of the compressor unit and electrical box was significantly reduced to about 38 L, which was close to the target of 35 L. Also, the sound noise, vibration characteristics, the effect of the compressor unit inclination and the ambient temperature on the cooling performance, were evaluated. The detailed experimental results are discussed in this paper.

76 FR 77814 - Cameron LNG, LLC; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the Proposed BOG...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... facilities: An electric-motor driven centrifugal refrigeration compressor; A cryogenic plate-fin heat... choose to appeal the Commission's final ruling. An intervenor formally participates in the proceeding by...

Upgrade of Compressed Air Control System Reduces Energy Costs at Michelin Tire Plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2002-01-01

This case study highlights the upgraded compressed air system at a Michelin tire manufacturing plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The controls upgrade project enabled multiple compressor operation without blow-off, and significantly reduced energy costs.

40 CFR 86.167-17 - AC17 Air Conditioning Emissions Test Procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... tolerances (such as may occur during gear changes) are acceptable provided they occur for less than 2 seconds... setting changed to “outside air.” (l) Test procedure. The AC17 air conditioning test is composed of the..., interior volume, climate control system type and characteristics, refrigerant used, compressor type, and...

Rotary-Wing Relevant Compressor Aero Research and Technology Development Activities at Glenn Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Welch, Gerard E.; Hathaway, Michael D.; Skoch, Gary J.; Snyder, Christopher A.

2012-01-01

Technical challenges of compressors for future rotorcraft engines are driven by engine-level and component-level requirements. Cycle analyses are used to highlight the engine-level challenges for 3000, 7500, and 12000 SHP-class engines, which include retention of performance and stability margin at low corrected flows, and matching compressor type, axial-flow or centrifugal, to the low corrected flows and high temperatures in the aft stages. At the component level: power-to-weight and efficiency requirements impel designs with lower inherent aerodynamic stability margin; and, optimum engine overall pressure ratios lead to small blade heights and the associated challenges of scale, particularly increased clearance-to-span ratios. The technical challenges associated with the aerodynamics of low corrected flows and stability management impel the compressor aero research and development efforts reviewed herein. These activities include development of simple models for clearance sensitivities to improve cycle calculations, full-annulus, unsteady Navier-Stokes simulations used to elucidate stall, its inception, and the physics of stall control by discrete tip-injection, development of an actuator-duct-based model for rapid simulation of nonaxisymmetric flow fields (e.g., due inlet circumferential distortion), advanced centrifugal compressor stage development and experimentation, and application of stall control in a T700 engine.

SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC SERVICE COSTS FOR TOTALLY AIR CONDITIONED SCHOOLS PREPARED FOR HOUSTON INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, MAY 31, 1967.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

WHITESIDES, M.M.

THIS REPORT IS A COMPILATION OF DATA ON ELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONING COSTS, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE. AIR CONDITIONING UNITS ARE COMPARED IN TERMS OF ELECTRIC VERSUS NON-ELECTRIC, AUTOMATIC VERSUS OPERATED, AIR COOLED VERSUS WATER COOLED, RECIPROCATING VERSUS CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS, SPACE AND NOISE, REHEAT, MAINTENANCE AND ORIGINAL COST. DATA ARE…

Study of active noise control system for a commercial HVAC unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devineni, Naga

Acoustic noise is a common problem in everyday life. If the appliances that are present in the work and living areas generate noise then it's a serious problem. One such appliance is the Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning system (HVAC) in which blower fan and compressor units are housed together. Operation of a HVAC system creates two kinds of noise. One is the noise due to the air flow and the other is the result of the compressor. Both of them exhibit different signal properties and need different strategies to control them. There has been previous efforts in designing noise control systems that can control noise from the HVAC system. These include passive methods which use sound absorption materials to attenuate noise and active methods which cancel noise by generating anti-noise. Passive methods are effective in limiting the high frequency noise, but are inefficient in controlling low frequency noise from the compressor. Compressor noise is one of the strong low frequency components that propagate through the walls, therefore there is need for deploying active signal processing methods that consider the signal properties into consideration to cancel the noise acoustically. The quasi periodic nature of the compressor noise is exploited in noise modeling which aids in implementing an adaptive linear prediction filter in estimating the anti noise [12]. In this thesis, a multi channel architecture has been studied for a specific HVAC system in order to improve noise cancellation by creating larger quiet zone. In addition to the multi-channel architecture, a real time narrow band Active Noise Control (ANC) was employed to cancel noise under practical conditions.

Heat recovery, ice storage to cut user's energy costs 40%

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ponczak, G.

1985-12-02

A new recovery system which uses waste heat generated by an Illinois ice rink's compressors for space heating and domestic hot water will benefit from low off-peak electricity rates at a time when demand rates for the rink will be increasing 30%. The thermal storage system uses the same compressors to build ice. The Wilmette Centennial Park Recreation Complex expects to reduce gas and electricity costs by 40%, or about $100,000 per year. Part of the project involved installing new, high-efficiency compressor motors. A preliminary energy audit revealed that the old compressors were throwing off 2.25 million Btu of heatmore » per hour. An air-to-water heat exchanger now provides space heating as needed. Two double-vented heat exchangers generate hot water for swimming pools and the ice-making machine. The ice storage tank is used for cooling. An energy management system controls these and other building systems.« less

Gas turbine power plant with supersonic shock compression ramps

DOEpatents

Lawlor, Shawn P [Bellevue, WA; Novaresi, Mark A [San Diego, CA; Cornelius, Charles C [Kirkland, WA

2008-10-14

A gas turbine engine. The engine is based on the use of a gas turbine driven rotor having a compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which compresses inlet gas against a stationary sidewall. The supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdynamic flow path formed between the rim of the rotor, the strakes, and a stationary external housing. Part load efficiency is enhanced by use of a lean pre-mix system, a pre-swirl compressor, and a bypass stream to bleed a portion of the gas after passing through the pre-swirl compressor to the combustion gas outlet. Use of a stationary low NOx combustor provides excellent emissions results.

40 CFR 82.152 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: compressor, condenser, evaporator, or auxiliary heat exchange coil; or any maintenance, service, or repair... in part or whole of a class I or class II ozone-depleting substance that is used for heat transfer... window air conditioners and packaged terminal air heat pumps), dehumidifiers, under-the-counter ice...

Low GWP Refrigerants Modelling Study for a Room Air Conditioner Having Microchannel Heat Exchangers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Bhandari, Mahabir S

Microchannel heat exchangers (MHX) have found great successes in residential and commercial air conditioning applications, being compact heat exchangers, to reduce refrigerant charge and material cost. This investigation aims to extend the application of MHXs in split, room air conditioners (RAC), per fundamental heat exchanger and system modelling. For this paper, microchannel condenser and evaporator models were developed, using a segment-to-segment modelling approach. The microchannel heat exchanger models were integrated to a system design model. The system model is able to predict the performance indices, such as cooling capacity, efficiency, sensible heat ratio, etc. Using the calibrated system and heatmore » exchanger models, we evaluated numerous low GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants. The predicted system performance indices, e.g. cooling efficiency, compressor discharge temperature, and required compressor displacement volume etc., are compared. Suitable replacements for R22 and R-410A for the room air conditioner application are recommended.« less

Smart Manufacturing Technologies and Data Analytics for Improving Energy Efficiency in Industrial Energy Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nimbalkar, Sachin U.; Guo, Wei; Wenning, Thomas J.

Smart manufacturing and advanced data analytics can help the manufacturing sector unlock energy efficiency from the equipment level to the entire manufacturing facility and the whole supply chain. These technologies can make manufacturing industries more competitive, with intelligent communication systems, real-time energy savings, and increased energy productivity. Smart manufacturing can give all employees in an organization the actionable information they need, when they need it, so that each person can contribute to the optimal operation of the corporation through informed, data-driven decision making. This paper examines smart technologies and data analytics approaches for improving energy efficiency and reducing energy costsmore » in process-supporting energy systems. It dives into energy-saving improvement opportunities through smart manufacturing technologies and sophisticated data collection and analysis. The energy systems covered in this paper include those with motors and drives, fans, pumps, air compressors, steam, and process heating.« less

Design, fabrication, and performance of foil journal bearing for the brayton rotating unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Licht, L.; Branger, M.

1973-01-01

Foil bearings were designed and manufactured to replace pivoted-shoe journal bearings in an existing Brayton Cycle turbo-alternator-compressor. The design of this unconventional rotor support was accomplished within the constraints and space limitations imposed by the present machine, and the substitution of foil bearings was effected without changes or modification other machine components. A housing and a test rig were constructed to incorporate the new foil-bearing support into a unified assemble with an air-driven rotor and the gimbal-mounted thrust bearing, seals, and shrouds of an actual Brayton Rotating Unit. The foil bearing required no external pressure source, and stable self-acting rotation was achieved at all speeds up to 43,200 rpm. Excellent wipe-wear characteristics of the foil bearing permitted well over 1000 start-stop cycles with no deterioriation of performance in the entire speed range.

Development and Evaluation of an Online Air Quality Monitor (DIVEAIR2) for Diving Compressors

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

nonextreme levels. However, our experience with field testing has shown that the temperatures of work spaces commonly used for instrument setup and...so far. Nevertheless, one strategy for field use might be to allow the monitor to equilibrate to the ambient temperature near the compressor before...limit be subject to change, depending on experience with actual field testing. 4. Before any monitors are delivered to the Fleet for field use, we

Theoretical modeling of a gas clearance phase regulation mechanism for a pneumatically-driven split-Stirling-cycle cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Cun-quan; Zhong, Cheng

2015-03-01

The concept of a new type of pneumatically-driven split-Stirling-cycle cryocooler with clearance-phase-adjustor is proposed. In this implementation, the gap between the phase-adjusting part and the cylinder of the spring chamber is used, instead of dry friction acting on the pneumatically-driven rod to control motion damping of the displacer and to adjust the phase difference between the compression piston and displacer. It has the advantages of easy damping adjustment, low cost, and simplified manufacturing and assembly. A theoretical model has been established to simulate its dynamic performance. The linear compressor is modeled under adiabatic conditions, and the displacement of the compression piston is experimentally rectified. The working characteristics of the compressor motor and the principal losses of cooling, including regenerator inefficiency loss, solid conduction loss, shuttle loss, pump loss and radiation loss, are taken into account. The displacer motion was modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) forced system. A set of governing equations can be solved numerically to simulate the cooler's performance. The simulation is useful for understanding the physical processes occurring in the cooler and for predicting the cooler's performance.

Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic panel driven refrigeration system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajoria, C. S.; Singh, Dharmendra; Gupta, Pankaj Kumar

2018-03-01

The solar photovoltaic (PV) panel driven refrigeration system employs solar PV panel and play a vital role when combined with storage batteries. The variation in performance of solar PV panel driven refrigeration system has been experimentally investigated in this paper. The change in battery voltage is analyzed with respect to panel size. Different series and parallel combinations have been applied on four solar PV panels of 35W each to get 24V. With the above combination a current in the range of 3-5 ampere has been obtained depending upon the solar intensity. A refrigerator of 110 W and 50 liters is used in the present investigation which requires 0.80 ampere AC at 230 V. The required current and voltage has been obtained from an inverter which draws about 7 ampere DC from the battery bank at 24V. The compressor of the refrigerator consumed 110W which required a PV panel size of 176 W approximately. It is important to note that the compressor consumed about 300W for first 50 milliseconds, 130 W for next five seconds and gradually comes to 110 W in 65 seconds. Thus panel size should be such that it may compensate for the initial load requirement.

Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Turbojet Engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekici, Selcuk; Sohret, Yasin; Coban, Kahraman; Altuntas, Onder; Karakoc, T. Hikmet

2017-11-01

An exergy analysis is presented including design parameters and performance assessment, by identifying the losses and efficiency of a gas turbine engine. The aim of this paper is to determine the performance of a small turbojet engine with an exergetic analysis based on test data. Experimental data from testing was collected at full-load of small turbojet engine. The turbojet engine exhaust data contains CO2, CO, CH4, H2, H2O, NO, NO2, N2 and O2 with a relative humidity of 35 % for the ambient air of the performed experiments. The evaluated main components of the turbojet engine are the air compressor, the combustion chamber and the gas turbine. As a result of the thermodynamic analysis, exergy efficiencies (based on product/fuel) of the air compressor, the combustion chamber and the gas turbine are 81.57 %, 50.13 % and 97.81 %, respectively. A major proportion of the total exergy destruction was found for the combustion chamber at 167.33 kW. The exergy destruction rates are 8.20 %, 90.70 % and 1.08 % in the compressor, the combustion chamber and the gas turbine, respectively. The rates of exergy destruction within the system components are compared on the basis of the exergy rate of the fuel provided to the engine. Eventually, the exergy rate of the fuel is calculated to be 4.50 % of unusable due to exergy destruction within the compressor, 49.76 % unusable due to exergy destruction within the combustion chamber and 0.59 % unusable due to exergy destruction within the gas turbine. It can be stated that approximately 55 % of the exergy rate of the fuel provided to the engine can not be used by the engine.

Preliminary Results of the Determination of Inlet-Pressure Distortion Effects on Compressor Stall and Altitude Operating Limits of the J57-P-1 Turbojet Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallner, L. E.; Lubick, R. J.; Chelko, L. J.

1955-01-01

During an investigation of the J57-P-1 turbojet engine in the Lewis altitude wind tunnel, effects of inlet-flow distortion on engine stall characteristics and operating limits were determined. In addition to a uniform inlet-flow profile, the inlet-pressure distortions imposed included two radial, two circumferential, and one combined radial-circumferential profile. Data were obtained over a range of compressor speeds at an altitude of 50,000 and a flight Mach number of 0.8; in addition, the high- and low-speed engine operating limits were investigated up to the maximum operable altitude. The effect of changing the compressor bleed position on the stall and operating limits was determined for one of the inlet distortions. The circumferential distortions lowered the compressor stall pressure ratios; this resulted in less fuel-flow margin between steady-state operation and compressor stall. Consequently, the altitude operating Limits with circumferential distortions were reduced compared with the uniform inlet profile. Radial inlet-pressure distortions increased the pressure ratio required for compressor stall over that obtained with uniform inlet flow; this resulted in higher altitude operating limits. Likewise, the stall-limit fuel flows required with the radial inlet-pressure distortions were considerably higher than those obtained with the uniform inlet-pressure profile. A combined radial-circumferential inlet distortion had effects on the engine similar to the circumferential distortion. Bleeding air between the two compressors eliminated the low-speed stall limit and thus permitted higher altitude operation than was possible without compressor bleed.

Turbo test rig with hydroinertia air bearings for a palmtop gas turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Shuji; Isomura, Kousuke; Togo, Shin-ichi; Esashi, Masayoshi

2004-11-01

This paper describes a turbo test rig to test the compressor of a palmtop gas turbine generator at low temperature (<100 °C). Impellers are 10 mm in diameter and have three-dimensional blades machined using a five-axis NC milling machine. Hydroinertia bearings are employed in both radial and axial directions. The performance of the compressor was measured at 50% (435 000 rpm) and 60% (530 000 rpm) of the rated rotational speed (870 000 rpm) by driving a turbine using compressed air at room temperature. The measured pressure ratio is lower than the predicted value. This could be mainly because impeller tip clearance was larger than the designed value. The measured adiabatic efficiency is unrealistically high due to heat dissipation from compressed air. During acceleration toward the rated rotational speed, a shaft crashed to the bearing at 566 000 rpm due to whirl. At that time, the whirl ratio was 8.

Casing for a gas turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiebe, David J.; Little, David A.; Charron, Richard C.

2016-07-12

A casing for a can annular gas turbine engine, including: a compressed air section (40) spanning between a last row of compressor blades (26) and a first row of turbine blades (28), the compressed air section (40) having a plurality of openings (50) there through, wherein a single combustor/advanced duct assembly (64) extends through each opening (50); and one top hat (68) associated with each opening (50) configured to enclose the associated combustor/advanced duct assembly (64) and seal the opening (50). A volume enclosed by the compressed air section (40) is not greater than a volume of a frustum (54)more » defined at an upstream end (56) by an inner diameter of the casing at the last row of compressor blades (26) and at a downstream end (60) by an inner diameter of the casing at the first row of turbine blades (28).« less

Performance Charts for a Turbojet System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karp, Irving M.

1947-01-01

Convenient charts are presented for computing the thrust, fuel consumption, and other performance values of a turbojet system. These charts take into account the effects of ram pressure, compressor pressure ratio, ratio of combustion-chamber-outlet temperature to atmospheric temperature, compressor efficiency, turbine efficiency, combustion efficiency, discharge-nozzle coefficient, losses in total pressure in the inlet to the jet-propulsion unit and in the combustion chamber, and variation in specific heats with temperature. The principal performance charts show clearly the effects of the primary variables and correction charts provide the effects of the secondary variables. The performance of illustrative cases of turbojet systems is given. It is shown that maximum thrust per unit mass rate of air flow occurs at a lower compressor pressure ratio than minimum specific fuel consumption. The thrust per unit mass rate of air flow increases as the combustion-chamber discharge temperature increases. For minimum specific fuel consumption, however, an optimum combustion-chamber discharge temperature exists, which in some cases may be less than the limiting temperature imposed by the strength temperature characteristics of present materials.

Effect of self recirculation casing treatment on the performance of a turbocharger centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gancedo, Matthieu

Increase in emission regulations in the transport industry brings the need to have more efficient engines. A path followed by the automobile industry is to downsize the size of the internal combustion engine and increase the air density at the intake to keep the engine power when needed. Typically a centrifugal compressor is used to force the air into the engine, it can be powered from the engine shaft (superchargers) or extracting energy contained into the hot exhaust gases with a turbine (turbochargers). The flow range of the compressor needs to match the one of the engine. However compressors mass flow operating range is limited by choke on the high end and surge on the low end. In order to extend the operation at low mass flow rates, the use of passive devices for turbocharger centrifugal compressors was explored since the late 80's. Hence, casing treatments including flow recirculation from the inducer part of the compressor have been shown to move the surge limit to lower flows. Yet, the working mechanisms are still not well understood and thus, to optimize the design of this by-pass system, it is necessary to determine the nature of the changes induced by the device both on the dynamic stability of the pressure delivery and on the flow at the inlet. The compressor studied here features a self-recirculating casing treatment at the inlet. The recirculation passage could be blocked to carry a direct comparison between the cases with and without the flow feature. To grasp the effect on compressor stability, pressure measurements were taken in the different constituting elements of the compressor. The study of the mean pressure variations across the operating map showed that the tongue region is a limiting element. Dynamic pressure measurements revealed that the instabilities generated near the inducer when the recirculation is blocked increase the overall instability levels at the compressor outlet and propagating pressure waves starting at the tongue occurred, different in nature from rotating stall. The flow velocity was also measured at the inlet of the compressor by means of planar PIV measurements. The case without recirculation showed strong back flow occurrence at low MFR on the shroud of the inlet passage due to tip recirculation. With recirculation, this back flow was significantly reduced improving the overall stability. However, with the current recirculation channels design, there is an efficiency penalty and the recirculated flow introduces non-homogeneities in the mixing region. Finally, to explore experimentally the effect of variations of the casing treatment, several different designs were tested. It was seen that modifications of the supporting rib shape impacted the efficiency. Also, improvements on the surge line were obtained with flow reinjection near the inducer in the direction of the main flow at low speeds and with induced counter swirl for all speeds.

A high velocity impact experiment of micro-scale ice particles using laser-driven system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Hyeonju; Kim, Jungwook; Yoh, Jack J.

2014-11-01

A jet engine for high speed air breathing propulsion is subject to continuous wear as a result of impacts of micro-scale ice particles during a flight in the atmosphere. The inlet duct and compressor blades are exposed to on-coming frozen moisture particles that may result in the surface damage and significantly shorten the designed lifetime of the aircraft. Under such prolonged high-speed impact loading, the performance parameters such as flight instability and power loss of a jet engine can be significantly degraded. In this work, a laser-driven system was designed to accelerate micro-scale ice particles to the velocity up to Mach 2 using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam at 100-600 mJ with 1064 nm wavelength and 9 ns pulse duration. The high speed images (Phantom v711) and double exposure shadowgraphs were used to calculate the average velocity of ice particles and their deceleration. Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector measurements were also utilized for the analysis of free surface velocity of a metal foil in order to understand the interfacial dynamics between the impacting particles and accepting metal target. The velocity of our ice particles is sufficiently fast for studying the effect of moisture particle collision on an air-breathing duct of high speed aircraft, and thus the results can provide insight into how minute space debris or micrometeorites cause damage to the orbiting spacecraft at large.

Fuel savings with conventional hot water space heating systems by incorporating a natural gas powered heat pump. Preliminary project: Development of heat pump technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vanheyden, L.; Evertz, E.

1980-12-01

Compression type air/water heat pumps were developed for domestic heating systems rated at 20 to 150 kW. The heat pump is driven either by a reciprocating piston or rotary piston engine modified to operate on natural gas. Particular features of natural gas engines as prime movers, such as waste heat recovery and variable speed, are stressed. Two systems suitable for heat pump operation were selected from among five different mass produced car engines and were modified to incorporate reciprocating piston compressor pairs. The refrigerants used are R 12 and R 22. Test rig data transferred to field conditions show that the fuel consumption of conventional boilers can be reduced by 50% and more by the installation of engine driven heat pumps. Pilot heat pumps based on a 1,600 cc reciprocating piston engine were built for heating four two-family houses. Pilot pump operation confirms test rig findings. The service life of rotary piston and reciprocating piston engines was investigated. The tests reveal characteristic curves for reciprocating piston engines and include exhaust composition measurements.

Cold-air performance of compressor-drive turbine of Department of Energy upgraded automobile gas turbine engine. 1: Volute-manifold and stator performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelke, R. J.; Haas, J. E.

1981-01-01

The aerodynamic performance of the inlet manifold and stator assembly of the compressor drive turbine was experimentally determined with cold air as the working fluid. The investigation included measurements of mass flow and stator-exit fluid torque as well as radial surveys of total pressure and flow angle at the stator inlet and annulus surveys of total pressure and flow angle at the stator exit. The stator-exit aftermixed flow conditions and overall stator efficiency were obtained and compared with their design values and the experimental results from three other stators. In addition, an analysis was made to determine the constituent aerodynamic losses that made up the stator kinetic energy loss.

Development of a Low Cost High Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.; Caughley, A. J.; Haywood, D. J.

2008-03-01

In cooperation with Industrial Research Ltd (IRL), Cryomech, Inc. is developing a low cost high frequency pulse tube cryocooler. The valveless compressor, developed at IRL, employs two S.S. diaphragms and a novel kinematics driven mechanism. The pulse tube cold head has co-axial configuration. It is separated from the compressor with a SS flexible line of 1 meter long. The test results demonstrate a very small orientation effect of the cold head (<3 K at any orientation). This pulse tube cryocooler provides flexibility for user's integration. It can provide 108W at 77K with an electric input power of 3.7 kW in the primary test.

Heel and toe driving on fuel cell vehicle

DOEpatents

Choi, Tayoung; Chen, Dongmei

2012-12-11

A system and method for providing nearly instantaneous power in a fuel cell vehicle. The method includes monitoring the brake pedal angle and the accelerator pedal angle of the vehicle, and if the vehicle driver is pressing both the brake pedal and the accelerator pedal at the same time and the vehicle is in a drive gear, activating a heel and toe mode. When the heel and toe mode is activated, the speed of a cathode compressor is increased to a predetermined speed set-point, which is higher than the normal compressor speed for the pedal position. Thus, when the vehicle brake is removed, the compressor speed is high enough to provide enough air to the cathode, so that the stack can generate nearly immediate power.

Preliminary design of mesoscale turbocompressor and rotordynamics tests of rotor bearing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hossain, Md Saddam

2011-12-01

A mesoscale turbocompressor spinning above 500,000 RPM is evolutionary technology for micro turbochargers, turbo blowers, turbo compressors, micro-gas turbines, auxiliary power units, etc for automotive, aerospace, and fuel cell industries. Objectives of this work are: (1) to evaluate different air foil bearings designed for the intended applications, and (2) to design & perform CFD analysis of a micro-compressor. CFD analysis of shrouded 3-D micro compressor was conducted using Ansys Bladegen as blade generation tool, ICEM CFD as mesh generation tool, and CFX as main solver for different design and off design cases and also for different number of blades. Comprehensive experimental facilities for testing the turbocompressor system have been also designed and proposed for future work.

Staged regenerative sorption heat pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system for cooling and heating a space. A sorbent is confined in a plurality of compressors of which at least four are first stage and at least four are second stage. The first stage operates over a first pressure region and the second stage over a second pressure region which is higher than the first. Sorbate from the first stage enters the second stage. The sorbate loop includes a condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and the compressors. A single sorbate loop can be employed for single-temperature-control such as air conditioning and heating. Two sorbate loops can be used for two-temperature-control as in a refrigerator and freezer. The evaporator temperatures control the freezer and refrigerator temperatures. Alternatively the refrigerator temperature can be cooled by the freezer with one sorbate loop. A heat transfer fluid is circulated in a closed loop which includes a radiator and the compressors. Low temperature heat is exhausted by the radiator. High temperature heat is added to the heat transfer fluid entering the compressors which are desorbing vapor. Heat is transferred from compressors which are sorbing vapor to the heat transfer fluid, and from the heat transfer fluid to the compressors which are desorbing vapor. Each compressor is subjected to the following phases, heating to its highest temperature, cooling down from its highest temperature, cooling to its lowest temperature, and warming up from its lowest temperature. The phases are repeated to complete a cycle and regenerate heat.

Traversing probe system

DOEpatents

Mashburn, Douglas N.; Stevens, Richard H.; Woodall, Harold C.

1977-01-01

This invention comprises a rotatable annular probe-positioner which carries at least one radially disposed sensing probe, such as a Pitot tube having a right-angled tip. The positioner can be coaxially and rotatably mounted within a compressor casing or the like and then actuated to orient the sensing probe as required to make measurements at selected stations in the annulus between the positioner and compressor casing. The positioner can be actuated to (a) selectively move the probe along its own axis, (b) adjust the yaw angle of the right-angled probe tip, and (c) revolve the probe about the axis common to the positioner and casing. A cam plate engages a cam-follower portion of the probe and normally rotates with the positioner. The positioner includes a first-motor-driven ring gear which effects slidable movement of the probe by rotating the positioner at a time when an external pneumatic cylinder is actuated to engage the cam plate and hold it stationary. When the pneumatic cylinder is not actuated, this ring gear can be driven to revolve the positioner and thus the probe to a desired circumferential location about the above-mentioned common axis. A second motor-driven ring gear included in the positioner can be driven to rotate the probe about its axis, thus adjusting the yaw angle of the probe tip. The positioner can be used in highly corrosive atmosphere, such as gaseous uranium hexafluoride.

Miniature PT Cryocooler Activated by Resonant Piezoelectric Compressor and Passive Warm Expander

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobol, S.; Grossman, G.

2017-12-01

A novel type of PZT-based compressor operating at mechanical resonance, suitable for pneumatically-driven Stirling-type cryocoolers, was presented at CEC-ICMC 2015. The detailed concept, analytical model and the test results on the preliminary prototype were reported earlier and presented at ICC17. Despite some mismatch between the impedances and insufficient structural stiffness, this compressor demonstrated the feasibility to drive our miniature Pulse Tube cryocooler MTSa, operating at 103 Hz and requiring an average PV power of 11 W, filling pressure of 40 Bar and a pressure ratio of 1.3. At ICC19 the prototype of a miniature passive warm expander (WE) was presented. The WE mechanism included a phase shifting piston suspended on a silicone diaphragm, a mass element, and a viscous damping system. Several technical drawbacks prevented perfect matching between the WE and MTSa; however, the presented prototype proved the ability to create any flow-to-pressure phase appropriate for a PT cryocooler. This paper concentrates on integration of the MTSa cryocooler with the recently modified PZT compressor operating at corrected mechanical resonance and the modified WE, which was also updated recently to match the MTSa requirements.

Investigation of the General Electric I-40 Jet-Propulsion Engine in the Cleveland Altitude Wind Tunnel. 2 - Analysis of Compressor Performance Characteristics

DTIC Science & Technology

1946-11-18

INVESTIGATION OF THE GENERAL ELECTRIC 1-40 JET -PROPULSION ENGINE IN THE CLEVELAND ALTITUDE WIND TUNNEL .; II - ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE...CHARACTERISTICS By Robert 0. Dietz, Jr. and Robert M. Gelsenheyner Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory 1 Cleveland, Ohio !f -NOT FM ED", P 0 W DESTROY...Command, Army Air Forces INVESTIGATION OF THE GENERAL ELECTRIC 1-40 JET -PROPULSION ENGINE IN THE CLEVELAND ALTITUDE WIND TUNNEL II - ANALYSIS OF

Uncertainty analysis of thermal quantities measurement in a centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurda, Lukáš; Matas, Richard

2017-09-01

Compressor performance characteristics evaluation process based on the measurement of pressure, temperature and other quantities is examined to find uncertainties for directly measured and derived quantities. CFD is used as a tool to quantify the influences of different sources of uncertainty of measurements for single- and multi-thermocouple total temperature probes. The heat conduction through the body of the thermocouple probe and the heat-up of the air in the intake piping are the main phenomena of interest.

Cold-air performance of the compressor-drive turbine of the Department of Energy baseline automobile gas-turbine engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelke, R. J.; Mclallin, K. L.

1978-01-01

The aerodynamic performance of the compressor-drive turbine of the DOE baseline gas-turbine engine was determined over a range of pressure ratios and speeds. In addition, static pressures were measured in the diffusing transition duct located immediately downstream of the turbine. Results are presented in terms of mass flow, torque, specific work, and efficiency for the turbine and in terms of pressure recovery and effectiveness for the transition duct.

Performance of a Splittered Transonic Rotor with Several Tip Clearances

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-15

θ Ratio of inlet to reference pressure and γ [-] ρ Density [kg/m3] ω Humidity ratio [-] Subscripts 1 Inlet 3 Outlet a Air gas l Water liquid ...has a large influence on the performance and efficiency of compressors and fans during operation. In a gas turbine engine the ratio of tip-gap to...of compressors and fans during operation. In a gas turbine engine the ratio of tip-gap to blade height or span usually increases in the direction of

Portable life support for instrumentation of an offshore platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mull, M. M.; Coffin, C. L.

1972-01-01

A compressor was used to supply air through a nylon hose to the offshore platform field engineer working at the bottom of the piling. Air quality in the pile was sampled periodically for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and combustible gases by an universal tester and an explosion meter.

Upgrade of Compressed Air Control System Reduces Energy Costs at Michelin Tire Plant. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) BestPractices Project Case Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2002-01-01

This case study highlights the upgraded compressed air system at a Michelin tire manufacturing plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The controls upgrade project enabled multiple compressor operation without blow-off, and significantly reduced energy costs.

10 CFR 54.21 - Contents of application-technical information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...), motors, diesel generators, air compressors, snubbers, the control rod drive, ventilation dampers..., the reactor vessel, the reactor coolant system pressure boundary, steam generators, the pressurizer...

10 CFR 54.21 - Contents of application-technical information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...), motors, diesel generators, air compressors, snubbers, the control rod drive, ventilation dampers..., the reactor vessel, the reactor coolant system pressure boundary, steam generators, the pressurizer...

Design of a miniature hydrogen fueled gas turbine engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burnett, M.; Lopiccolo, R. C.; Simonson, M. R.; Serovy, G. K.; Okiishi, T. H.; Miller, M. J.; Sisto, F.

1973-01-01

The design, development, and delivery of a miniature hydrogen-fueled gas turbine engine are discussed. The engine was to be sized to approximate a scaled-down lift engine such as the teledyne CAE model 376. As a result, the engine design emerged as a 445N(100 lb.)-thrust engine flowing 0.86 kg (1.9 lbs.) air/sec. A 4-stage compressor was designed at a 4.0 to 1 pressure ratio for the above conditions. The compressor tip diameter was 9.14 cm (3.60 in.). To improve overall engine performance, another compressor with a 4.75 to 1 pressure ratio at the same tip diameter was designed. A matching turbine for each compressor was also designed. The turbine tip diameter was 10.16 cm (4.0 in.). A combustion chamber was designed, built, and tested for this engine. A preliminary design of the mechanical rotating parts also was completed and is discussed. Three exhaust nozzle designs are presented.

Understand Centrifugal Compressor stage curves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadler, E.L.

1986-08-01

Multistage Centrifugal Compressor Performance is generally presented in the form of a composite curve showing discharge pressure and bhp plotted as a function of capacity. This composite curve represents the cumulative performance of each stage performance curve. A simple yet quite accurate means of measuring compressor total performance is to test each stage as a single-stage compressor, usually on air with atmospheric inlets. Stage curves are then generated from the test data and three important variables are plotted: head coefficient, work coefficient and adiabatic efficiency. These variables are plotted against a normalized flow coefficient, Q/N, which is inlet volume flowmore » (cfm) divided by impeller speed (rpm). The nomenclature used to define these stage variables changes from manufacturer to manufacturer; however, the parameters presented are the same. An understanding of each parameter's theoretical derivation and determination from test data will help the engineer reviewing test curves to be more cognizant of the interrelationships between these variables; specifically, how they affect overall machine pressure rise and power consumption.« less

Axial compressor gas path design for desensitization of aerodynamic performance and stability to tip clearance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cevik, Mert

Tip clearance is the necessary small gap left between the moving rotor tip and stationary shroud of a turbomachine. In a compressor, the pressure driven flow through this gap, called tip clearance flow, has a major and generally detrimental impact on compressor performance (pressure ratio and efficiency) and aerodynamic stability (stall margin). The increase in tip clearance, either temporary during transient engine operations or permanent from wear, leads to a drop in compressor performance and aerodynamic stability which results in a fuel consumption increase and a reduced operating envelope for a gas turbine engine. While much research has looked into increasing compressor performance and stall margin at the design (minimum or nominal) tip clearance, very little attention has been paid for reducing the sensitivity of these parameters to tip clearance size increase. The development of technologies that address this issue will lead to aircraft engines whose performance and operating envelope are more robust to operational demands and wear. The current research is the second phase of a research programme to develop design strategies to reduce the sensitivity of axial compressor performance and aerodynamic stability to tip clearance. The first phase had focused on blade design strategies and had led to the discovery and explanation of two flow features that reduces tip sensitivity, namely increased incoming meridional momentum in the rotor tip region and reduction/elimination of double leakage. Double leakage is the flow that exits one tip clearance and enters the tip clearance of the adjacent blade instead of convecting downstream out of the rotor passage. This flow was shown to be very detrimental to compressor performance and stall margin. Two rotor design strategies involving sweep and tip stagger reduction were proposed and shown by CFD simulations to exploit these features to reduce sensitivity. As the second phase, the objectives of the current research project are to develop gas path design strategies for axial compressors to achieve the same goal, to assess their ability to be combined with desensitizing axial compressor blade design strategies and to be applied to non-axial compressors. The search for gas path design strategies was based on the exploitation of the two flow desensitizing features listed above. Two gas path design strategies were proposed and analyzed. The first was gas path contouring in the form of a concave gas path to increase incoming tip meridional momentum.

Turbofan Engine Post-Instability Behavior - Computer Simulations, Test Validation, and Application of Simulations,

DTIC Science & Technology

COMPRESSORS, *AIR FLOW, TURBOFAN ENGINES , TRANSIENTS, SURGES, STABILITY, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, EXPERIMENTAL DATA, VALIDATION, DIGITAL SIMULATION, INLET GUIDE VANES , ROTATION, STALLING, RECOVERY, HYSTERESIS

Improved Concrete Cutting and Excavation Capabilities for Crater Repair, Phase 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

manageable pieces, it is not recommended for the ADR process because of the requirement for additional supporting equipment - the air compressor ... Air Force Civil Engineer Center Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403-5319 ERDC/GSL TR-14-8 ii Abstract The US Army Engineer Research and...Development Center was tasked by the US Air Force Civil Engineer Center to improve the saw cutting and excavation production rates of crater repairs in thick

47. View of "dry air inlets" to waveguides entering scanner ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. View of "dry air inlets" to waveguides entering scanner building 105. Dried air is generated under pressure by Ingersoll-Rand dehumidified/dessicator and compressor system. View is at entrance from passageway that links into corner of scanner building. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

40 CFR 86.162-00 - Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations and descriptions of AC1 and AC2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conditioning system compressor, converted to an equivalent roadload component, to the normal dynamometer... driving the SC03 cycle with the air conditioning system operating. (1) Engine revolutions/minute (ERPMt...)(i) (A) and (B) are replaced with 76 °F and 50 grains of water/pound of dry air and the solar heat...

Influence of the cooling degree upon performances of internal combustion engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grǎdinariu, Andrei Cristian; Mihai, Ioan

2016-12-01

Up to present, air cooling systems still raise several unsolved problems due to conditions imposed by the environment in terms of temperature and pollution levels. The present paper investigates the impact of the engine cooling degree upon its performances, as important specific power is desired for as low as possible fuel consumption. A technical solution advanced by the authors[1], consists of constructing a bi-flux compressor, which can enhance the engine's performances. The bi-flux axial compressor accomplishes two major functions, that is it cools down the engine and it also turbocharges it. The present paper investigates the temperature changes corresponding to the fresh load, during the use of a bi-flux axial compressor. This compressor is economically simple, compact, and offers an optimal response at low rotational speeds of the engine, when two compression steps are used. The influence of the relative coefficient of air temperature drop upon working agent temperature at the intercooler exit is also investigated in the present work. The variation of the thermal load coefficient by report to the working agent temperature is also investigated during engine cooling. The variation of the average combustion temperature is analyzed in correlation to the thermal load coefficient and the temperatures of the working fluid at its exit from the cooling system. An exergetic analysis was conducted upon the influence of the cooling degree on the motor fluid and the gases resulted from the combustion process.

OMC Compressor Case

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Humphrey, W. Donald

1997-01-01

This report summarizes efforts expended in the development of an all-composite compressor case. Two pre-production units have been built, one utilizing V-CAP and one utilizing AFR-700B resin systems. Both units have been rig tested at elevated temperatures well above design limit loads. This report discusses the manufacturing processes, test results, and Finite Element Analysis performed. The V-CAP unit was funded by NASA-Lewis Research Center in 1994 under contract number NAS3- 27442 for Development of an All-Composite OMC Compressor Case. This contract was followed by an Air Force study in 1996 to build and identical unit using the AFR-700B resin system in place of the V-CAP system. The second compressor case was funded under U.S. Air Force contract F33615-93-D-5326, Advanced Materials for Aerospace Structures Special Studies (AMAS3), Delivery Order 0021 entitled "Advanced Polymeric Composite Materials and Structures Technology for Advanced High Temperature Gas Turbine Engines.' Initial studies using the V-CAP resin system were undertaken in 1993 under a NASA Lewis contract (NAS3-26829). A first prototype unit was developed in a joint program between Textron-Lycoming (now Allied Signal) and Brunswick (now Lincoln Composites). This unit included composite end closures using low density, high temperature molded end closures. The units was similar in size and shape to a titanium case currently used on the PT-21 0 engine and was funded as part of the integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (EHPTET) initiative of DOD and NASA.

Basic Study on Engine with Scroll Compressor and Expander

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morishita, Etsuo; Kitora, Yoshihisa; Nishida, Mitsuhiro

Scroll compressors are becoming popular in air conditioning and refrigeration. This is primarily due to their higher efficiency and low noise/vibration characteristics. The scroll principle can be applied also to the steam expander and the Brayton cycle engine,as shown in the past literature. The Otto cycle spark-ignition engine with a scroll compressor and expander is studied in this report. The principle and basic structure of the scroll engine are explained,and the engine characteristic are calculated based on the idealized cycles and processes. A prototype model has been proposed and constructed. The rotary type engine has always had a problem with sealing. The scroll engine might overcome this shortcoming with its much lower rubbing speed compared to its previous counterparts,and is therefore worth investigating.

Evaluation of BAUER High Pressure Breathing Air P-2 Purification System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

and is a coalescing type separator that removes oil and water vapors suspended in the compressed air . The molecular sieve is made to adsorb oil and...filtering, moisture separation, and prevents compressed air return from the charged air storage flasks to the compressor during unit shutdown. A manual...1111111111111 1111 IE IH fil91i C NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT REPORT NO. 10-91 EVALUATION OF BAUER HIGH PRESSURE BREATHING AIR P-2 PURIFICATION SYSTEM GEORGE D

Miniature Gas-Circulating Machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swift, Walter L.; Valenzuela, Javier A.; Sixsmith, Herbert; Nutt, William E.

1993-01-01

Proposed gas-circulating machine consists essentially of centrifugal pump driven by induction motor. Noncontact bearings suppress wear and contamination. Used to circulate helium (or possibly hydrogen or another gas) in regeneration sorption-compressor refrigeration system aboard spacecraft. Also proves useful in terrestrial applications in which long life, reliability, and low contamination essential.

Wind-tunnel investigation of the thrust augmentor performance of a large-scale swept wing model. [in the Ames 40 by 80 foot wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, D. G.; Falarski, M. D.

1979-01-01

Tests were made in the Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel to determine the forward speed effects on wing-mounted thrust augmentors. The large-scale model was powered by the compressor output of J-85 driven viper compressors. The flap settings used were 15 deg and 30 deg with 0 deg, 15 deg, and 30 deg aileron settings. The maximum duct pressure, and wind tunnel dynamic pressure were 66 cmHg (26 in Hg) and 1190 N/sq m (25 lb/sq ft), respectively. All tests were made at zero sideslip. Test results are presented without analysis.

A design study of a reaction control system for a V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beard, B. B.; Foley, W. H.

1983-01-01

Attention is given to a short takeoff vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft reaction control system (RCS) design study. The STOVL fighter/attack aircraft employs an existing turbofan engine, and its hover requirement places a premium on weight reduction, which eliminates prospective nonairbreathing RCSs. A simple engine compressor bleed RCS degrades overall performance to an unacceptable degree, and the supersonic requirement precludes the large volume alternatives of thermal or ejector thrust augmentation systems as well as the ducting of engine exhaust gases and the use of a dedicated turbojet. The only system which addressed performance criteria without requiring major engine modifications was a dedicated load compressor driven by an auxilliary power unit.

21 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Scope of Product Coverage

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Portable air compressor 2 Cardiovascular Panel Cardiovascular Diagnostic 870.1425 Programmable diagnostic... Pacemaker & Accessories 870.1750 External programmable pacemaker pulse generator 2 870.3630 Pacemaker...

21 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Scope of Product Coverage

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Portable air compressor 2 Cardiovascular Panel Cardiovascular Diagnostic 870.1425 Programmable diagnostic... Pacemaker & Accessories 870.1750 External programmable pacemaker pulse generator 2 870.3630 Pacemaker...

21 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Scope of Product Coverage

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Portable air compressor 2 Cardiovascular Panel Cardiovascular Diagnostic 870.1425 Programmable diagnostic... Pacemaker & Accessories 870.1750 External programmable pacemaker pulse generator 2 870.3630 Pacemaker...

Optimal fault-tolerant control strategy of a solid oxide fuel cell system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xiaojuan; Gao, Danhui

2017-10-01

For solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) development, load tracking, heat management, air excess ratio constraint, high efficiency, low cost and fault diagnosis are six key issues. However, no literature studies the control techniques combining optimization and fault diagnosis for the SOFC system. An optimal fault-tolerant control strategy is presented in this paper, which involves four parts: a fault diagnosis module, a switching module, two backup optimizers and a controller loop. The fault diagnosis part is presented to identify the SOFC current fault type, and the switching module is used to select the appropriate backup optimizer based on the diagnosis result. NSGA-II and TOPSIS are employed to design the two backup optimizers under normal and air compressor fault states. PID algorithm is proposed to design the control loop, which includes a power tracking controller, an anode inlet temperature controller, a cathode inlet temperature controller and an air excess ratio controller. The simulation results show the proposed optimal fault-tolerant control method can track the power, temperature and air excess ratio at the desired values, simultaneously achieving the maximum efficiency and the minimum unit cost in the case of SOFC normal and even in the air compressor fault.

Deformation Analysis of the Main Components in a Single Screw Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Feilong; Liao, Xueli; Feng, Quanke; Van Den Broek, Martijn; De Paepe, Michel

2015-08-01

The single screw compressor is used in many fields such as air compression, chemical industry and refrigeration. During operation, different gas pressures and temperatures applied on the components can cause different degrees of deformation, which leads to a difference between the thermally induced clearance and the designed clearance. However, limited research about clearance design is reported. In this paper, a temperature measurement instrument and a convective heat transfer model were described and used to establish the temperature of a single screw air compressor's casing, screw rotor and star wheel. 3-D models of these three main components were built. The gas force deformation, thermal- structure deformation and thermal-force coupling deformation were carried out by using a finite element simulation method. Results show that the clearance between the bottom of the groove and the top of star wheel is reduced by 0.066 mm, the clearance between the side of groove and the star wheel is reduced by 0.015 mm, and the clearance between the cylinder and the rotor is reduced by 0.01 mm. It is suggested that these deformations should be taken into account during the design of these clearances.

Detonation duct gas generator demonstration program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wortman, Andrew; Brinlee, Gayl A.; Othmer, Peter; Whelan, Michael A.

1991-01-01

The feasibility of the generation of detonation waves moving periodically across high speed channel flow is experimentally demonstrated. Such waves are essential to the concept of compressing requirements and increasing the engine pressure compressor with the objective of reducing conventional compressor requirements and increasing the engine thermodynamic efficiency through isochoric energy addition. By generating transient transverse waves, rather than standing waves, shock wave losses are reduced by an order of magnitude. The ultimate objective is to use such detonation ducts downstream of a low pressure gas turbine compressor to produce a high overall pressure ratio thermodynamic cycle. A 4 foot long, 1 inch x 12 inch cross-section, detonation duct was operated in a blow-down mode using compressed air reservoirs. Liquid or vapor propane was injected through injectors or solenoid valves located in the plenum or the duct itself. Detonation waves were generated when the mixture was ignited by a row of spark plugs in the duct wall. Problems with fuel injection and mixing limited the air speeds to about Mach 0.5, frequencies to below 10 Hz, and measured pressure ratios of about 5 to 6. The feasibility of the gas dynamic compression was demonstrated and the critical problem areas were identified.

Improvement to the Standardization Life-Cycle-Cost Model for Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical Components and Equipments.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

APL 061900283, Compressor, Motor , AC, 440 V, Valve, Solenoid Centrifugal, 230 gpm Air 300 hp Each C/E was identified to a distinguishable complexity...Deck and Hull Machinery D Rocket Handling Agitator-Paint Shaker Deck and Hull Machinery B Air Conditioner Refrigeration/Heating C Systems Air Ejector...Terminal Electrical Systems a Brake- Air Deck and Hull Machinery D Brake-Electric, Motor Operated Deck and Hull Machinery D Srake-Electric, Solenoid

Cycle analysis of MCFC/gas turbine system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musa, Abdullatif; Alaktiwi, Abdulsalam; Talbi, Mosbah

2017-11-01

High temperature fuel cells such as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) are considered extremely suitable for electrical power plant application. The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) performances is evaluated using validated model for the internally reformed (IR) fuel cell. This model is integrated in Aspen Plus™. Therefore, several MCFC/Gas Turbine systems are introduced and investigated. One of this a new cycle is called a heat recovery (HR) cycle. In the HR cycle, a regenerator is used to preheat water by outlet air compressor. So the waste heat of the outlet air compressor and the exhaust gases of turbine are recovered and used to produce steam. This steam is injected in the gas turbine, resulting in a high specific power and a high thermal efficiency. The cycles are simulated in order to evaluate and compare their performances. Moreover, the effects of an important parameters such as the ambient air temperature on the cycle performance are evaluated. The simulation results show that the HR cycle has high efficiency.

Methods and systems to thermally protect fuel nozzles in combustion systems

DOEpatents

Helmick, David Andrew; Johnson, Thomas Edward; York, William David; Lacy, Benjamin Paul

2013-12-17

A method of assembling a gas turbine engine is provided. The method includes coupling a combustor in flow communication with a compressor such that the combustor receives at least some of the air discharged by the compressor. A fuel nozzle assembly is coupled to the combustor and includes at least one fuel nozzle that includes a plurality of interior surfaces, wherein a thermal barrier coating is applied across at least one of the plurality of interior surfaces to facilitate shielding the interior surfaces from combustion gases.

Adaptive Engine Technologies for Aviation CO2 Emissions Reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mercer, Carolyn R.; Haller, William J.; Tong, Michael T.

2006-01-01

Adaptive turbine engine technologies are assessed for their potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from commercial air transports.Technologies including inlet, fan, and compressor flow control, compressor stall control, blade clearance control, combustion control, active bearings and enabling technologies such as active materials and wireless sensors are discussed. The method of systems assessment is described, including strengths and weaknesses of the approach. Performance benefit estimates are presented for each technology, with a summary of potential emissions reduction possible from the development of new, adaptively controlled engine components.

Demonstration of a Cylinder-Fill System Based on Solid Electrolyte Oxygen Separator (SEOS) Technology: One Year Early Field Assessment at a USAF Maintenance Facility

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

vacuum swing adsorption (VSA). This system would also be extremely quiet while operating. In applications where a pressurized air feed is available...review of the latest data set. 02 Apr 10, Friday - Status: OK. Tinker AFB reported a FAL alarm occurs when the compressor isn’t pumping oxygen. The...FAL alarm terminates when the compressor starts pumping oxygen. APCI/Ceramatec confirmed this occurrence is normal operation, however, it isn’t

Loglines. March-April 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

engine mechanic, selects a compressor blade to install in the core module of an F-16 jet engine. DLA Aviation has partnered with Air Force customers to...Support 9 Supporting the Fleet 14 Air Force Support 18 Beyond the Military Services 22 SERVICE TEAMS Side-by-Side Support Chemical Management Services...Marine Corps ordnance technicians load a missile at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. Service members from the different military branches often work

Opposed piston linear compressor driven two-stage Stirling Cryocooler for cooling of IR sensors in space application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhojwani, Virendra; Inamdar, Asif; Lele, Mandar; Tendolkar, Mandar; Atrey, Milind; Bapat, Shridhar; Narayankhedkar, Kisan

2017-04-01

A two-stage Stirling Cryocooler has been developed and tested for cooling IR sensors in space application. The concept uses an opposed piston linear compressor to drive the two-stage Stirling expander. The configuration used a moving coil linear motor for the compressor as well as for the expander unit. Electrical phase difference of 80 degrees was maintained between the voltage waveforms supplied to the compressor motor and expander motor. The piston and displacer surface were coated with Rulon an anti-friction material to ensure oil less operation of the unit. The present article discusses analysis results, features of the cryocooler and experimental tests conducted on the developed unit. The two-stages of Cryo-cylinder and the expander units were manufactured from a single piece to ensure precise alignment between the two-stages. Flexure bearings were used to suspend the piston and displacer about its mean position. The objective of the work was to develop a two-stage Stirling cryocooler with 2 W at 120 K and 0.5 W at 60 K cooling capacity for the two-stages and input power of less than 120 W. The Cryocooler achieved a minimum temperature of 40.7 K at stage 2.

Smart actuation of inlet guide vanes for small turbine engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rusovici, Razvan; Kwok Choon, Stephen T.; Sepri, Paavo; Feys, Joshuo

2011-04-01

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity over the past few years to become an indispensable part of aerial missions that include reconnaissance, surveillance, and communication [1]. As a result, advancements in small jet-engine performance are needed to increase the performance (range, payload and efficiency) of the UAV. These jet engines designed especially for UAV's are characterized by thrust force on the order of 100N and due to their size and weight limitations, may lack advanced flow control devices such as IGV [2]. The goal of the current study was to present a conceptual design of an IGV smart-material based actuation mechanism that would be simple, compact and lightweight. The compressor section of an engine increases the pressure and conditions the flow before the air enters the combustion chamber [3]. The airflow entering the compressor is often turbulent due to the high angle of incidence between engine inlet and free-stream velocity, or existing atmospheric turbulence. Actuated IGV are used to help control the relative angle of incidence of the flow that enters the engine compressor, thereby preventing flow separation, compressor stall and thus extending the compressor's operating envelope [4]. Turbine jet- engines which employ variable IGV were developed by Rolls Royce (Trent DR-900) and General Electric (J79).

Supercharging an internal combustion engine by aid of a dual-rotor bi-flux axial compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grǎdinariu, Andrei Cristian; Mihai, Ioan

2016-12-01

Internal combustion engines can be supercharged in order to enhance their performances [1-3]. Engine power is proportional to the quantity of fresh fluid introduced into the cylinder. At present, the general tendency is to try to obtain actual specific powers as high as possible, for as small as possible cylinder capacity, without increasing the generated pollution hazards. The present paper investigates the impact of replacing a centrifugal turbo-compressor with an axial double-rotor bi-flux one [4]. The proposed method allows that for the same number of cylinders, an increase in discharged airflow, accompanied by a decrease in fuel consumption. Using a program developed under the MathCad environment, the present work was aimed at studying the way temperature modifies at the end of isentropic compression under supercharging conditions. Taking into account a variation between extreme limits of the ambient temperature, its influence upon the evolution of thermal load coefficient was analyzed considering the air pressure at the compressor cooling system outlet. This analysis was completed by an exergetical study of the heat evacuated through cylinder walls in supercharged engine conditions. The conducted investigation allows verification of whether significant differences can be observed between an axial, dual-rotor, bi-flux compressor and centrifugal compressors.

Metal Hydride Compression

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Terry A.; Bowman, Robert; Smith, Barton

Conventional hydrogen compressors often contribute over half of the cost of hydrogen stations, have poor reliability, and have insufficient flow rates for a mature FCEV market. Fatigue associated with their moving parts including cracking of diaphragms and failure of seal leads to failure in conventional compressors, which is exacerbated by the repeated starts and stops expected at fueling stations. Furthermore, the conventional lubrication of these compressors with oil is generally unacceptable at fueling stations due to potential fuel contamination. Metal hydride (MH) technology offers a very good alternative to both conventional (mechanical) and newly developed (electrochemical, ionic liquid pistons) methodsmore » of hydrogen compression. Advantages of MH compression include simplicity in design and operation, absence of moving parts, compactness, safety and reliability, and the possibility to utilize waste industrial heat to power the compressor. Beyond conventional H2 supplies of pipelines or tanker trucks, another attractive scenario is the on-site generating, pressuring and delivering pure H 2 at pressure (≥ 875 bar) for refueling vehicles at electrolysis, wind, or solar generating production facilities in distributed locations that are too remote or widely distributed for cost effective bulk transport. MH hydrogen compression utilizes a reversible heat-driven interaction of a hydride-forming metal alloy with hydrogen gas to form the MH phase and is a promising process for hydrogen energy applications [1,2]. To deliver hydrogen continuously, each stage of the compressor must consist of multiple MH beds with synchronized hydrogenation & dehydrogenation cycles. Multistage pressurization allows achievement of greater compression ratios using reduced temperature swings compared to single stage compressors. The objectives of this project are to investigate and demonstrate on a laboratory scale a two-stage MH hydrogen (H 2) gas compressor with a feed pressure of >50 bar and a delivery pressure ≥ 875 bar of high purity H 2 gas using the scheme shown in Figure 1. Progress to date includes the selection of two candidate metal hydrides for each compressor stage, supplier engagement and synthesis of small samples, and the beginning of in-depth characterization of their thermodynamics, kinetics, and hydrogen capacities for optimal performance with respect to energy requirements and efficiency. Additionally, bed design trade studies are underway and will be finalized in FY18. Subsequently, the prototype two-stage compressor will be fabricated, assembled and experimentally evaluated in FY19.« less

78 FR 20133 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Bull Mountain Unit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-03

... associated pads, access roads, gas and water pipelines, screw compressors and overhead electric lines. This... projected air quality impacts. The project was initially scoped from October 29 to December 12, 2008, for 55..., the BLM has identified the following preliminary issues: Air quality; water quality and supply...

4. View showing cylinder end of two, cylinder, compound Corliss ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. View showing cylinder end of two, cylinder, compound Corliss steam engine with tandem air compressor. - International Smelting & Refining Company, Tooele Smelter, Powerhouse, State Route 178, Tooele, Tooele County, UT

78 FR 35604 - Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 155-Calhoun/Victoria Counties, Texas; Notification of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

..., shapes, grommets, clamps, hose, fittings, floor mats, gaskets, seals, insulation and lenses); v-ribbed...); compressors; fans (blades); turbochargers; air conditioners; heat exchangers; filters; windshield washer...

Estimate for interstage water injection in air compressor incorporated into gas-turbine cycles and combined power plants cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kler, A. M.; Zakharov, Yu. B.; Potanina, Yu. M.

2017-05-01

The objects of study are the gas turbine (GT) plant and combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with opportunity for injection between the stages of air compressor. The objective of this paper is technical and economy optimization calculations for these classes of plants with water interstage injection. The integrated development environment "System of machine building program" was a tool for creating the mathematic models for these classes of power plants. Optimization calculations with the criterion of minimum for specific capital investment as a function of the unit efficiency have been carried out. For a gas-turbine plant, the economic gain from water injection exists for entire range of power efficiency. For the combined cycle plant, the economic benefit was observed only for a certain range of plant's power efficiency.

High efficiency novel window air conditioner

DOE PAGES

Bansal, Pradeep

2015-07-24

This paper presents the technical development of a high efficiency window air conditioner. In order to achieve higher energy efficiency ratio (EER), the original capacity of the R410A unit was downgraded by replacing the original compressor with a lower capacity but higher EER compressor, while all heat exchangers and the chassis from the original unit were retained. The other subsequent major modifications included – the AC fan motor being replaced with a brushless high efficiency electronically commuted motor (ECM) motor, the capillary tube being replaced with a needle valve to better control the refrigerant flow and refrigerant set points, andmore » R410A being replaced with drop-in environmentally friendly binary mixture of R32 (85% molar concentration)/R125 (15% molar concentration). All these modifications resulted in significant EER enhancement of the modified unit.« less

High efficiency novel window air conditioner

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bansal, Pradeep

This paper presents the technical development of a high efficiency window air conditioner. In order to achieve higher energy efficiency ratio (EER), the original capacity of the R410A unit was downgraded by replacing the original compressor with a lower capacity but higher EER compressor, while all heat exchangers and the chassis from the original unit were retained. The other subsequent major modifications included – the AC fan motor being replaced with a brushless high efficiency electronically commuted motor (ECM) motor, the capillary tube being replaced with a needle valve to better control the refrigerant flow and refrigerant set points, andmore » R410A being replaced with drop-in environmentally friendly binary mixture of R32 (85% molar concentration)/R125 (15% molar concentration). All these modifications resulted in significant EER enhancement of the modified unit.« less

Apparatus and methods for relieving thermally induced stresses in inner and outer bands of thermally cooled turbine nozzle stages

DOEpatents

Yu, Yufeng Phillip; Itzel, Gary Michael; Correia, Victor H. S.

2002-01-01

To control the temperature mismatch between the inner and outer bands and covers forming plenums with the inner and outer bands on sides thereof remote from the hot gas path, passages extend from the leading edge of the covers in communication with the hot gases of combustion to the trailing edge of the covers in communication with the hot gas flowpath. A mixing chamber is provided in each passage in communication with compressor discharge air for mixing the hot gases of combustion and compressor discharge air for flow through the passage, thereby heating the cover and minimizing the temperature differential between the inner and outer bands and their respective covers. The passages are particularly useful adjacent the welded or brazed joints between the covers and inner band portions.

Integrated Testing of a 4-Bed Molecular Sieve and a Temperature-Swing Adsorption Compressor for Closed-Loop Air Revitalization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, James C.; Mulloth, Lila M.; Affleck, David L.

2004-01-01

Accumulation and subsequent compression of carbon dioxide that is removed from space cabin are two important processes involved in a closed-loop air revitalization scheme of the International Space Station (ISS). The 4-Bed Molecular Sieve (4BMS) of ISS currently operates in an open loop mode without a compressor. This paper reports the integrated 4BMS and liquid-cooled TSAC testing conducted during the period of March 3 to April 18, 2003. The TSAC prototype was developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). The 4BMS was modified to a functionally flight-like condition at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Testing was conducted at MSFC. The paper provides details of the TSAC operation at various CO2 loadings and corresponding performance of CDRA.

Possibility of using adsorption refrigeration unit in district heating network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grzebielec, Andrzej; Rusowicz, Artur; Jaworski, Maciej; Laskowski, Rafał

2015-09-01

Adsorption refrigeration systems are able to work with heat sources of temperature starting with 50 °C. The aim of the article is to determine whether in terms of technical and economic issues adsorption refrigeration equipment can work as elements that produce cold using hot water from the district heating network. For this purpose, examined was the work of the adsorption air conditioning equipment cooperating with drycooler, and the opportunities offered by the district heating network in Warsaw during the summer. It turns out that the efficiency of the adsorption device from the economic perspective is not sufficient for production of cold even during the transitional period. The main problem is not the low temperature of the water supply, but the large difference between the coefficients of performance, COPs, of adsorption device and a traditional compressor air conditioning unit. When outside air temperature is 25 °C, the COP of the compressor type reaches a value of 4.49, whereas that of the adsorption device in the same conditions is 0.14. The ratio of the COPs is 32. At the same time ratio between the price of 1 kWh of electric power and 1 kWh of heat is only 2.85. Adsorption refrigeration equipment to be able to compete with compressor devices, should feature COPads efficiency to be greater than 1.52. At such a low driving temperature and even changing the drycooler into the evaporative cooler it is not currently possible to achieve.

Experimental investigation on the miniature mixed refrigerant cooler driven by a mini-compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Gaofei; Gong, Maoqiong; Wu, Yinong

2018-05-01

Three miniature Joule-Thomson cryogenic coolers and a testing set up were built to investigate the cooling performance in this work. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger and plate fin heat exchangers with rectangular micro channels were designed to achieve high specific surface area. The main processing technology of micro mixed refrigerant cooler (MMRC) was described. The design and fabrication processing of the plate fin heat exchangers were also described. The new developed micro plate-fin type heat exchanger shows high compactness with the specific heat surface larger than 1.0x104 m2/m3. The results of experimental investigations on miniature mixed refrigerant J-T cryogenic coolers driven by a Mini-Compressor were discussed. The performance evaluation and comparison of the three coolers was made to find out the features for each type of cooler. Expressions of refrigeration coefficient and exergy efficiency were pointed out. No-load temperature of about 112 K, and the cooling power of 4.0W at 118K with the input power of 120W is achieved. The exergy efficiency of the SJTC is 5.14%.

Compressed Air System Overhaul Improves Production at a Powdered Metal Manufacturing Plant (GKN Sinter Metals in Salem, IN)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

In 1998, GKN Sinter Metals completed a successful compressed air system improvement project at its Salem, Indiana manufacturing facility. The project was performed after GKN undertook a survey of its system in order to solve air quality problems and to evaluate whether the capacity of their compressed air system would meet their anticipated plant expansion. Once the project was implemented, the plant was able to increase production by 31% without having to add any additional compressor capacity.

Market Investigation for Surface Supplied Diving Air Compressors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-12

South Coast Air Quality Management District, 9150 Flair Drive, El Monte, CA 91731). (Non-Government standards and other publications are normally...magnetic CSA and UL approved starter in a NEMA 1 enclosure (single or three phase) correctly sized for proper voltage. It is provided with heater ele - ments...Val v 5 MIN Chance Diea; el i1 and Filter 20 MIN Chan-nc Diecsel Air Filter 5 MIN Ch-,np Compres:,cjr Air Filter 5 MIN Chango.e Compr,?sor 0 11 2) M IN

Modeling the Deterioration of Engine and Low Pressure Compressor Performance During a Roll Back Event Due to Ice Accretion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Veres, Joseph P.; Jorgenson, Philip, C. E.; Jones, Scott M.

2014-01-01

The main focus of this study is to apply a computational tool for the flow analysis of the engine that has been tested with ice crystal ingestion in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) of NASA Glenn Research Center. A data point was selected for analysis during which the engine experienced a full roll back event due to the ice accretion on the blades and flow path of the low pressure compressor. The computational tool consists of the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) engine system thermodynamic cycle code, and an Euler-based compressor flow analysis code, that has an ice particle melt estimation code with the capability of determining the rate of sublimation, melting, and evaporation through the compressor blade rows. Decreasing the performance characteristics of the low pressure compressor (LPC) within the NPSS cycle analysis resulted in matching the overall engine performance parameters measured during testing at data points in short time intervals through the progression of the roll back event. Detailed analysis of the fan-core and LPC with the compressor flow analysis code simulated the effects of ice accretion by increasing the aerodynamic blockage and pressure losses through the low pressure compressor until achieving a match with the NPSS cycle analysis results, at each scan. With the additional blockages and losses in the LPC, the compressor flow analysis code results were able to numerically reproduce the performance that was determined by the NPSS cycle analysis, which was in agreement with the PSL engine test data. The compressor flow analysis indicated that the blockage due to ice accretion in the LPC exit guide vane stators caused the exit guide vane (EGV) to be nearly choked, significantly reducing the air flow rate into the core. This caused the LPC to eventually be in stall due to increasing levels of diffusion in the rotors and high incidence angles in the inlet guide vane (IGV) and EGV stators. The flow analysis indicating compressor stall is substantiated by the video images of the IGV taken during the PSL test, which showed water on the surface of the IGV flowing upstream out of the engine, indicating flow reversal, which is characteristic of a stalled compressor.

Experimental Study for Reduction of Noises and Vibrations in Hermetic Type Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sano, Kiyoshi; Kawahara, Sadao; Akazawa, Teruyuki; Ishii, Noriaki

A brushless DC motor with a permanent magnet rotor has been adopted for a scroll compressor for domestic-use air-conditioners because of a demand for compressor high efficiency. A waveform of the driving voltage in the inverter power supply unit is chopped by the PWM signal. Its duty ratio is increased/decreased to control the DC voltage in order to provide a wide range of rotation frequencies for the compressor. The driving voltage includes the carrier frequency and its harmonic components, which produce an electro-magnetic force in the moter, resulting in high electro-magnetic noise. In the present report, the author clarifies the relationships between the noise and the waveform of driving voltage and frequency response function of the motor. A method to improve the frequency response function by changing the stator shape in order to reduce electro-magnetic noise is presented. Subsequently, the influence on electro-magnetic noise from the waveform of driving voltage is examined. Furthermore, the electro-magnetic noises during inverter driving of an induction motor are presented.

Modeling and investigation of refrigeration system performance with two-phase fluid injection in a scroll compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Rui

Vapor compression cycles are widely used in heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning. A slight performance improvement in the components of a vapor compression cycle, such as the compressor, can play a significant role in saving energy use. However, the complexity and cost of these improvements can block their application in the market. Modifying the conventional cycle configuration can offer a less complex and less costly alternative approach. Economizing is a common modification for improving the performance of the refrigeration cycle, resulting in decreasing the work required to compress the gas per unit mass. Traditionally, economizing requires multi-stage compressors, the cost of which has restrained the scope for practical implementation. Compressors with injection ports, which can be used to inject economized refrigerant during the compression process, introduce new possibilities for economization with less cost. This work focuses on computationally investigating a refrigeration system performance with two-phase fluid injection, developing a better understanding of the impact of injected refrigerant quality on refrigeration system performance as well as evaluating the potential COP improvement that injection provides based on refrigeration system performance provided by Copeland.

Performance of R-410A Alternative Refrigerants in a Reciprocating Compressor Designed for Air Conditioning Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shrestha, Som S; Vineyard, Edward Allan; Mumpower, Kevin

In response to environmental concerns raised by the use of refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP), the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) has launched an industry-wide cooperative research program, referred to as the Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), to identify and evaluate promising alternative refrigerants for major product categories. After successfully completing the first phase of the program in December 2013, AHRI launched a second phase of the Low-GWP AREP in 2014 to continue research in areas that were not previously addressed, including refrigerants in high ambient conditions, refrigerants in applications not tested in the first phase,more » and new refrigerants identified since testing for the program began. Although the Ozone Depletion Potential of R-410A is zero, this refrigerant is under scrutiny due to its high GWP. Several candidate alternative refrigerants have already demonstrated low global warming potential. Performance of these low-GWP alternative refrigerants is being evaluated for Air conditioning and heat pump applications to ensure acceptable system capacity and efficiency. This paper reports the results of a series of compressor calorimeter tests conducted for the second phase of the AREP to evaluate the performance of R-410A alternative refrigerants in a reciprocating compressor designed for air conditioning systems. It compares performance of alternative refrigerants ARM-71A, L41-1, DR-5A, D2Y-60, and R-32 to that of R-410A over a wide range of operating conditions. The tests showed that, in general, cooling capacities were slightly lower (except for the R-32), but energy efficiency ratios (EER) of the alternative refrigerants were comparable to that of R-410A.« less

2012 Ground Testing Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchholz, Steven J.

2012-01-01

As part of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program and a collaborative effort with Boeing, and Lockheed Martin this past year a series of sonic boom test were completed in the NASA Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT). One of the goals was to develop new test techniques and hardware for measuring sonic boom signatures in the transonic and supersonic regimes. Data for various model designs and configurations were collected and will be used to validate CFD predictions of sonic boom signatures. Reactivation of the NASA Ames Mitsubishi compressor system was completed this past year. The compressor is intended to replace and augment the existing UPWT Clark Compressor as the primary Make Up Air (MUA) source. The MUA system provides air and vacuum pumping capability to the Ames UPWT. It will improve productivity and reliability of the UPWT as a vital testing and research facility for the U.S. aerospace industry and NASA. Funding for this task was provided from the American Recovery Investment Act (ARRA). Installation and validation of a Noncontact Stress Monitoring System (NSMS) for the 3-stage compressor was completed at the 11-foot Transonic Wind Tunnel. The system, originally developed at AEDC, consists of 36 pairs of LED light sources with optic beam send and receive probes along a 1-per rev signal. The new system allows for continuous monitoring and recording of compressor blade bending and torsion stress during normal test operations. A very unusual test was completed in the 11 FT TWT to acquire aerodynamic and flow field data for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) to validate CFD methods and tools. Surface pressure distribution measurements and velocity measurements in the wake of the command module back to the drogues parachute location were acquired. Testing methods included Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP), Schlieren Infrared Imaging (IR) and boundary layer survey and skin friction.

High pressure air compressor valve fault diagnosis using feedforward neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

James Li, C.; Yu, Xueli

1995-09-01

Feedforward neural networks (FNNs) are developed and implemented to classify a four-stage high pressure air compressor into one of the following conditions: baseline, suction or exhaust valve faults. These FNNs are used for the compressor's automatic condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Measurements of 39 variables are obtained under different baseline conditions and third-stage suction and exhaust valve faults. These variables include pressures and temperatures at all stages, voltage between phase aand phase b, voltage between phase band phase c, total three-phase real power, cooling water flow rate, etc. To reduce the number of variables, the amount of their discriminatory information is quantified by scattering matrices to identify statistical significant ones. Measurements of the selected variables are then used by a fully automatic structural and weight learning algorithm to construct three-layer FNNs to classify the compressor's condition. This learning algorithm requires neither guesses of initial weight values nor number of neurons in the hidden layer of an FNN. It takes an incremental approach in which a hidden neuron is trained by exemplars and then augmented to the existing network. These exemplars are then made orthogonal to the newly identified hidden neuron. They are subsequently used for the training of the next hidden neuron. The betterment continues until a desired accuracy is reached. After the neural networks are established, novel measurements from various conditions that haven't been previously seen by the FNNs are then used to evaluate their ability in fault diagnosis. The trained neural networks provide very accurate diagnosis for suction and discharge valve defects.

Solar-powered Rankine heat pump for heating and cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rousseau, J.

1978-01-01

The design, operation and performance of a familyy of solar heating and cooling systems are discussed. The systems feature a reversible heat pump operating with R-11 as the working fluid and using a motor-driven centrifugal compressor. In the cooling mode, solar energy provides the heat source for a Rankine power loop. The system is operational with heat source temperatures ranging from 155 to 220 F; the estimated coefficient of performance is 0.7. In the heating mode, the vapor-cycle heat pump processes solar energy collected at low temperatures (40 to 80 F). The speed of the compressor can be adjusted so that the heat pump capacity matches the load, allowing a seasonal coefficient of performance of about 8 to be attained.

Investigation of Unsteady Flow Interaction Between an Ultra-Compact Inlet and a Transonic Fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hah, Chunill; Rabe, Douglas; Scribben, Angie

2015-01-01

In the study presented, unsteady flow interaction between an ultra-compact inlet and a transonic fan stage is investigated. Future combat aircraft engines require ultra-compact inlet ducts as part of an integrated, advanced propulsion system to improve air vehicle capability and effectiveness to meet future mission needs. The main purpose of the current study is to advance the understanding of the flow interaction between a modern ultra-compact inlet and a transonic fan for future design applications. Many experimental/ analytical studies have been reported on the aerodynamics of compact inlets in aircraft engines. On the other hand, very few studies have been reported on the effects of flow distortion from these inlets on the performance of the following fan/compressor stages. The primary goal of the study presented is to investigate how flow interaction between an ultra-compact inlet and a transonic compressor influence the operating margin of the compressor. Both Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches are used to calculate the unsteady flow field, and the numerical results are used to study the flow interaction. The present study indicates that stall inception of the following compressor stage is affected directly based on how the distortion pattern evolves before it interacts with the fan/compressor face. For the present compressor, the stall initiates at the tip section with clean inlet flow and distortion pattern away from the casing itself seems to have limited impacts on the stall inception of the compressor. A counter-rotating swirl, which is generated due to flow separation inside the s-shaped compact duct, generates an increased flow angle near the blade tip. This increased flow angle near the rotor tip due to the secondary flow from the counter-rotating vortices is the primary reason for the reduced compressor stall margin.

Use of CFD to predict trapped gas excitation as source of vibration and noise in screw compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willie, James

2017-08-01

This paper investigates the source of noise in oil free screw compressors mounted on highway trucks and driven by a power take-off (PTO) transmission system. Trapped gas at the discharge side is suggested as possible source of the excitation of low frequency torsional resonance in these compressors that can lead to noise and vibration. Measurements and lumped mass torsional models have shown low frequency torsional resonance in the drive train of these compressors when they are mounted on trucks. This results in high torque peak at the compressor input shaft and in part to pulsating noise inside the machine. The severity of the torque peak depends on the amplitude of the input torque fluctuation from the drive (electric motor or truck engine). This in turn depends on the prop-shaft angle. However, the source of the excitation of this low torsional resonance inside the machine is unknown. Using CFD with mesh motion at every 1° rotation of the rotors, it is shown that the absence of a pressure equalizing chamber at the discharge can lead to trapped gas creation, which can lead to over-compression, over-heating of the rotors, and to high pressure pulsations at the discharge. Over-compression can lead to shock wave generation at the discharge plenum and the pulsation in pressure can lead to noise generation. In addition, if the frequency of the pressure pulsation in the low frequency range coincides with the first torsional frequency of the drive train the first torsional resonance mode can be excited.

Photocopy of drawing (this photograph is and 8' x10' copy ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing (this photograph is and 8' x10' copy of an 8' x 10' negative; 1939 original architectural drawing located at Building No. 458, NAS Pensacola, Florida) Central power plant, installation of turbo-alternator and air compressor, plan above basement, sheet 1 of 6 - U.S. Naval Air Station, Power Plant, 328 South Avenue, Pensacola, Escambia County, FL

High frequency-heated air turbojet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miron, J. H. D.

1986-01-01

A description is given of a method to heat air coming from a turbojet compressor to a temperature necessary to produce required expansion without requiring fuel. This is done by high frequency heating, which heats the walls corresponding to the combustion chamber in existing jets, by mounting high frequency coils in them. The current transformer and high frequency generator to be used are discussed.

75 FR 34731 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to Daikin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

... applies to certain basic models of the Daikin Altherma system, which consists of an air-to-water heat pump... pumps, and an application for interim waiver. The Daikin Altherma system consists of an air-to-water... operates either as a split system with the compressor unit outdoors and the hydronic components in an...

76 FR 11438 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to Daikin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... Altherma system, which consists of an air-to-water heat pump that provides hydronic heating and cooling as... Altherma system consists of an air-to-water heat pump that provides hydronic space heating and cooling as well as domestic hot water functions. It operates either as a split system with the compressor unit...

Effects of Altitude on Turbojet Engine Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fleming, William A

1951-01-01

Component and over-all performance characteristics of several turbojet engines investigated in the altitude facilities of the NACA Lewis Laboratory during the last several years are summarized to indicate the effects of altitude on turbojet engine performance. Data presented show that failure of turbojet engine performance to generalize for all altitudes can be traced to reductions in compressor efficiency, corrected air flow, and combustion efficiency at altitude. In addition, it is shown that although engines of different design may have equal thrusts at sea level, the thrusts at altitude may vary widely because of differences in compressor performance characteristics from one engine to another.

Air Liquide's pulse tube cryocooler systems for space applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trollier, T.; Tanchon, J.; Rey, J. C.; Ravex, A.; Buquet, J.

2009-05-01

Thanks to important development efforts completed internally and with the European Space Agency (ESA) funding, Air Liquide Advanced Technology Division (AL/DTA) is now in position to propose two Pulse Tube cooler systems in the 40-80K temperature range for coming Earth Observation missions such as Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), SIFTI, etc... The Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler (MPTC) is lifting up to 2.47W@80K with 50W maximal compressor input power and 10°C rejection temperature. The weight is 2.8 kg. The Large Pulse Tube Cooler (LPTC) is providing 2.3W@50K for 160W input power and 10°C rejection temperature. This product is weighing 5.1 kg. The two pulse tube coolers thermo-mechanical units are qualified against environmental constraints as per ESA ECSS-E-30. They are both using dual opposed pistons flexure bearing compressor with moving magnet linear motors in order to ensure very high lifetime. The associated Cooler Drive Electronics is also an important aspect specifically regarding the active control of the cooler thermo-mechanical unit during the launch phase and the active reduction of the vibrations induced by the compressor (partly supported by the French Agency CNES). This paper details the presentation of the two Pulse Tube Coolers together with the Cooler Drive Electronics aspects.

Air liquide's space pulse tube cryocooler systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trollier, T.; Tanchon, J.; Buquet, J.; Ravex, A.

2017-11-01

Thanks to important development efforts completed with ESA funding, Air Liquide Advanced Technology Division (AL/DTA), is now in position to propose two Pulse Tube cooler systems in the 40-80K temperature range for coming Earth Observation missions such as Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), SIFTI, etc… The Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler (MPTC) is lifting up to 2.47W@80K with 50W compressor input power and 10°C rejection temperature. The weight is 2.8 kg. The Large Pulse Tube Cooler (LPTC) is providing 2.3W@50K for 160W input power and 10°C rejection temperature. This product is weighing 5.1 kg. The two pulse tube coolers thermo-mechanical units are qualified against environmental constraints as per ECSS-E-30. They are both using dual opposed pistons flexure bearing compressor with moving magnet linear motors in order to ensure very high lifetime. The associated Cooler Drive Electronics is also an important aspect specifically regarding the active control of the cooler thermo-mechanical unit during the launch phase and the active reduction of the vibrations induced by the compressor (partly supported by the French Agency CNES). This paper details the presentation of the two Pulse Tube Coolers together with the Cooler Drive Electronics aspects.

Fatigue life analysis of cracked gas receiver of emergency cut-off system in gas gathering station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Junzhi; Zhou, Jiyong; Li, Siyuan

2017-06-01

Small-scale air compressor and gas receiver are used as the driving gas of the emergency cut-off system in gas gathering station. Operation of block valve is ensured by starting and stopping compressor automatically. The frequent start-stop of compressor and the pressure fluctuation pose a threat to the service life of gas receiver, and then affect normal operation of the emergency cut-off system and security of gas gathering station. In this paper, the fatigue life of a pressure vessel with axial semi-elliptical surface crack in the inner wall is analyzed under the varying pressure by means of the theory of fracture mechanics. The influences of the amplitude of pressure fluctuation and the initial crack size on the residual life of gas receiver are discussed. It provides a basis for setting the working parameters of gas receiver of emergency cut-off system and determining the maintenance cycle.

Turbine inter-disk cavity cooling air compressor

DOEpatents

Little, David Allen

2001-01-01

A combustion turbine may have a cooling circuit for directing a cooling medium through the combustion turbine to cool various components of the combustion turbine. This cooling circuit may include a compressor, a combustor shell and a component of the combustion turbine to be cooled. This component may be a rotating blade of the combustion turbine. A pressure changing mechanism is disposed in the combustion turbine between the component to be cooled and the combustor shell. The cooling medium preferably flows from the compressor to the combustor shell, through a cooler, the component to the cooled and the pressure changing mechanism. After flowing through the pressure changing mechanism, the cooling medium is returned to the combustor shell. The pressure changing mechanism preferably changes the pressure of the cooling medium from a pressure at which it is exhausted from the component to be cooled to approximately that of the combustor shell.

Marine Propulsion Load Emulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

single-entry centrifugal compressor mechanically coupled to a single-stage axial - flow turbine , two cross- connected can type combustion chambers, and...an accessory- drive section. The power output section incorporates a second axial - flow turbine , reduction gears and output shaft, and is driven by the... Flow .... ............. ... 36 4.7 Load Valve Characteristics ... ............. .38 4.8 Photograph of Turbine Test gell .......... 39, * 4.9

75 FR 42740 - Ryckman Creek Resources, LLC; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

.... Create a central gas/liquids separation facility (Ryckman Plant) where all of the gas pipelines meet. It would contain a small electric-driven compressor to compress casing head gas, liquids separation... Convenience and Necessity under section 7 of the Natural Gas Act. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is...

29 CFR 1910.430 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...; or (iv) A noxious or pronounced odor. (4) The output of air compressor systems shall be tested for... pull force of the line over the diver's body. [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 49 FR 18295...

Detailed performance analysis of the A.A.D. - concept B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sekar, R.; Tozzi, L.

1983-01-01

New concepts for engine performance improvement are seen through the adoption of heat regeneration techniques; advanced methods to enhance the combustion; and higher efficiency air handling machinery, such as the positive displacement helical screw expander and compressor. Each of these concepts plays a particular role in engine performance improvement. First regeneration has a great potential for achieving higher engine thermal efficiency through the recovery of waste energy. Although the concept itself is not new (this technique is used in the gas turbine), the application to reciprocating internal combustion engines is quite unusual and presents conceptual difficulties. The second important area is better control of the combustion process in terms of heat transfer characteristics, combustion products, and heat release rate. The third area for performance improvement is in the adoption of high efficiency air handling machinery. In particular, positive displacement helical expander and compressor exhibit an extremely high efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions.

Cleaner production in a remanufacturing process of air compressors.

PubMed

Esquer, Javier; Arvayo, Jose Angel; Alvarez-Chavez, Clara Rosalia; Munguia-Vega, Nora Elba; Velazquez, Luis

2017-03-01

This article provides relevant results of a cleaner production program conducted in a company dedicated to remanufacturing air compressors in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The overall study design was based on an integration of acknowledged cleaner production and pollution prevention programs. Although this kind of program also involves environmental issues, this study focused on occupational health and safety by addressing different aspects of the work environment: ergonomic, physical (noise and lighting), and chemical. Particularly, ergonomic aspects were evaluated through the Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards (MODAPTS) method. For physical aspects, noise and lighting were addressed through Standard No. NOM-011-STPS-2001 and Standard No. NOM-025-STPS-2008 respectively. In addition, chemical aspects were analyzed through material safety data sheets and different search tools. Root causes of each risk were identified, and options to prevent, eliminate, and/or reduce each risk have been provided.

Cold-air performance of compressor-drive turbine of department of energy upgraded automobile gas turbine engine. 3: Performance of redesigned turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelke, R. J.; Haas, J. E.

1984-01-01

The aerodynamic performance of a redesigned compressor drive turbine of the gas turbine engine is determined in air at nominal inlet conditions of 325 K and 0.8 bar absolute. The turbine is designed with a lower flow factor, higher rotor reaction and a redesigned inlet volute compared to the first turbine. Comparisons between this turbine and the originally designed turbine show about 2.3 percentage points improvement in efficiency at the same rotor tip clearance. Two versions of the same rotor are tested: (1) an as cast rotor, and (2) the same rotor with reduced surface roughness. The effect of reducing surface roughness is about one half percentage point improvement in efficiency. Tests made to determine the effect of Reynolds number on the turbine performance show no effect for the range from 100,000 to 500,000.

Coal gasification power plant and process

DOEpatents

Woodmansee, Donald E.

1979-01-01

In an integrated coal gasification power plant, a humidifier is provided for transferring as vapor, from the aqueous blowdown liquid into relatively dry air, both (I) at least a portion of the water contained in the aqueous liquid and (II) at least a portion of the volatile hydrocarbons therein. The resulting humidified air is advantageously employed as at least a portion of the hot air and water vapor included in the blast gas supplied via a boost compressor to the gasifier.

Hybrid solar central receiver for combined cycle power plant

DOEpatents

Bharathan, Desikan; Bohn, Mark S.; Williams, Thomas A.

1995-01-01

A hybrid combined cycle power plant including a solar central receiver for receiving solar radiation and converting it to thermal energy. The power plant includes a molten salt heat transfer medium for transferring the thermal energy to an air heater. The air heater uses the thermal energy to preheat the air from the compressor of the gas cycle. The exhaust gases from the gas cycle are directed to a steam turbine for additional energy production.

Conceptual Study of the LB/TS (Large Blast/Thermal Simulator) Instrumentation, Data Acquisition and Facility Controls System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-12

423, R. Jones ATTN: DAEN-ECE-T ATTN: DAEN-RDL DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ATTN: DAEN-RDM. J. Healy ATTN: DAEN-ZCM Air Force Engineering & Services Ctr...31 7 Comparison Chart of Various Femperature Sensors (Prepared by HY-CAL Engineering ) ... ...... 36 8 Temperature Sensor Requirements and...Positions * TRS Valve Positions; LOX, AL, N2 Solenoid and Control . - Valve Positions 1.4 Air Compressor System Control * Valve Positions 0 Pressure

Damage-Tolerant Fan Casings for Jet Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

All turbofan engines work on the same principle. A large fan at the front of the engine draws air in. A portion of the air enters the compressor, but a greater portion passes on the outside of the engine this is called bypass air. The air that enters the compressor then passes through several stages of rotating fan blades that compress the air more, and then it passes into the combustor. In the combustor, fuel is injected into the airstream, and the fuel-air mixture is ignited. The hot gasses produced expand rapidly to the rear, and the engine reacts by moving forward. If there is a flaw in the system, such as an unexpected obstruction, the fan blade can break, spin off, and harm other engine components. Fan casings, therefore, need to be strong enough to contain errant blades and damage-tolerant to withstand the punishment of a loose blade-turned-projectile. NASA has spearheaded research into improving jet engine fan casings, ultimately discovering a cost-effective approach to manufacturing damage-tolerant fan cases that also boast significant weight reduction. In an aircraft, weight reduction translates directly into fuel burn savings, increased payload, and greater aircraft range. This technology increases safety and structural integrity; is an attractive, viable option for engine manufacturers, because of the low-cost manufacturing; and it is a practical alternative for customers, as it has the added cost saving benefits of the weight reduction.

Recent developments of axial flow compressors under transonic flow conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srinivas, G.; Raghunandana, K.; Satish Shenoy, B.

2017-05-01

The objective of this paper is to give a holistic view of the most advanced technology and procedures that are practiced in the field of turbomachinery design. Compressor flow solver is the turbulence model used in the CFD to solve viscous problems. The popular techniques like Jameson’s rotated difference scheme was used to solve potential flow equation in transonic condition for two dimensional aero foils and later three dimensional wings. The gradient base method is also a popular method especially for compressor blade shape optimization. Various other types of optimization techniques available are Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and Response surface methodology (RSM). It is observed that in order to improve compressor flow solver and to get agreeable results careful attention need to be paid towards viscous relations, grid resolution, turbulent modeling and artificial viscosity, in CFD. The advanced techniques like Jameson’s rotated difference had most substantial impact on wing design and aero foil. For compressor blade shape optimization, Evolutionary algorithm is quite simple than gradient based technique because it can solve the parameters simultaneously by searching from multiple points in the given design space. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a method basically used to design empirical models of the response that were observed and to study systematically the experimental data. This methodology analyses the correct relationship between expected responses (output) and design variables (input). RSM solves the function systematically in a series of mathematical and statistical processes. For turbomachinery blade optimization recently RSM has been implemented successfully. The well-designed high performance axial flow compressors finds its application in any air-breathing jet engines.

Users manual for updated computer code for axial-flow compressor conceptual design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glassman, Arthur J.

1992-01-01

An existing computer code that determines the flow path for an axial-flow compressor either for a given number of stages or for a given overall pressure ratio was modified for use in air-breathing engine conceptual design studies. This code uses a rapid approximate design methodology that is based on isentropic simple radial equilibrium. Calculations are performed at constant-span-fraction locations from tip to hub. Energy addition per stage is controlled by specifying the maximum allowable values for several aerodynamic design parameters. New modeling was introduced to the code to overcome perceived limitations. Specific changes included variable rather than constant tip radius, flow path inclination added to the continuity equation, input of mass flow rate directly rather than indirectly as inlet axial velocity, solution for the exact value of overall pressure ratio rather than for any value that met or exceeded it, and internal computation of efficiency rather than the use of input values. The modified code was shown to be capable of computing efficiencies that are compatible with those of five multistage compressors and one fan that were tested experimentally. This report serves as a users manual for the revised code, Compressor Spanline Analysis (CSPAN). The modeling modifications, including two internal loss correlations, are presented. Program input and output are described. A sample case for a multistage compressor is included.

Low-speed cascade investigation of loaded leading-edge compressor blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emery, James C

1956-01-01

Six percent thick NACA 63-series compressor-blade sections having a loaded leading-edge A4K6 mean line have been investigated systematically in a two-dimensional porous-wall cascade over a range of Reynolds numbers from 160,000 to 385,000. Blades cambered to have isolated-airfoil lift coefficients of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 were tested over the usable angle-of-attack range at inlet-air angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees and solidities of 1.0 and 1.5. A comparison with data of NACA RM L51G31, shows that the angle-of-attack operating range is 2 degrees to 4 degrees less than the range for the uniformly loaded section; however, the wake losses near design angle of attack are slightly lower than those for the uniformly loaded section. Except for highly cambered blades at high inlet angles, the 63-(C s oA4K6)06 compressor-blade sections are capable of more efficient operation for moderate-speed subsonic compressors at design angle of attack than are the 65-(C s oa10)10 or the 65-(c s oA2I8b)10 compressor-blade sections. In contrast to the other sections, the loaded leading-edge sections are capable of operating efficiently at the lower Reynolds numbers.

Oscillating-Linear-Drive Vacuum Compressor for CO2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Izenson, Michael G.; Shimko, Martin

2005-01-01

A vacuum compressor has been designed to compress CO2 from approximately equal to 1 psia (approximately equal to 6.9 kPa absolute pressure) to approximately equal to 75 psia (approximately equal to 0.52 MPa), to be insensitive to moisture, to have a long operational life, and to be lightweight, compact, and efficient. The compressor consists mainly of (1) a compression head that includes hydraulic diaphragms, a gas-compression diaphragm, and check valves; and (2) oscillating linear drive that includes a linear motor and a drive spring, through which compression force is applied to the hydraulic diaphragms. The motor is driven at the resonance vibrational frequency of the motor/spring/compression-head system, the compression head acting as a damper that takes energy out of the oscillation. The net effect of the oscillation is to cause cyclic expansion and contraction of the gas-compression diaphragm, and, hence, of the volume bounded by this diaphragm. One-way check valves admit gas into this volume from the low-pressure side during expansion and allow the gas to flow out to the high-pressure side during contraction. Fatigue data and the results of diaphragm stress calculations have been interpreted as signifying that the compressor can be expected to have an operational life of greater than 30 years with a confidence level of 99.9 percent.

Heat Pump Clothes Dryer Model Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo

A heat pump clothes dryer (HPCD) is an innovative appliance that uses a vapor compression system to dry clothes. Air circulates in a closed loop through the drum, so no vent is required. The condenser heats air to evaporate moisture out of the clothes, and the evaporator condenses water out of the air stream. As a result, the HPCD can achieve 50% energy savings compared to a conventional electric resistance dryer. We developed a physics-based, quasi-steady-state HPCD system model with detailed heat exchanger and compressor models. In a novel approach, we applied a heat and mass transfer effectiveness model tomore » simulate the drying process of the clothes load in the drum. The system model is able to simulate the inherently transient HPCD drying process, to size components, and to reveal trends in key variables (e.g. compressor discharge temperature, power consumption, required drying time, etc.) The system model was calibrated using experimental data on a prototype HPCD. In the paper, the modeling method is introduced, and the model predictions are compared with experimental data measured on a prototype HPCD.« less

Injectors for Multipoint Injection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prociw, Lev Alexander (Inventor); Ryon, Jason (Inventor)

2015-01-01

An injector for a multipoint combustor system includes an inner air swirler which defines an interior flow passage and a plurality of swirler inlet ports in an upstream portion thereof. The inlet ports are configured and adapted to impart swirl on flow in the interior flow passage. An outer air cap is mounted outboard of the inner swirler. A fuel passage is defined between the inner air swirler and the outer air cap, and includes a discharge outlet between downstream portions of the inner air swirler and the outer air cap for issuing fuel for combustion. The outer air cap defines an outer air circuit configured for substantially unswirled injection of compressor discharge air outboard of the interior flow passage.

The Effects of Spanwise Structures and Unsteady Forcing of Vortex Generators on a Shock-Induced Separated Flow Using Planar Laser Scattering

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-01

official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government." Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB...I join my advisors in gratefully acknowledging the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support of this research under grant FA9550...was supplied with approximately 140 ft3 (4 m3) of air by a Worthington HB4 four-stage compressor. The air was stored in external tanks at a pressure

Investigation of the Intake of a Stationary Gas Turbine to Prevent Ice Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tramposch, Andreas; Molnár, Vojtech; Ridzoň, František

2011-12-01

Repeated emergency shutdowns of a stationary gas turbine under conditions of sub-freezing temperatures and moist air have led to the suspicion that ice formation in the intake channel and compressor may be a contributing factor. To understand the reason, why the installed ice protection system is not effective, a numerical investigation of the intake channel with the installed hot air ice protection system has been performed. It is shown that mixing of hot air with cold outside air is incomplete, explaining the ice accretion.

Simplified configuration for the combustor of an oil burner using a low pressure, high flow air-atomizing nozzle

DOEpatents

Butcher, Thomas A.; Celebi, Yusuf; Fisher, Leonard

2000-09-15

The invention relates to clean burning of fuel oil with air. More specifically, to a fuel burning combustion head using a low-pressure, high air flow atomizing nozzle so that there will be a complete combustion of oil resulting in a minimum emission of pollutants. The improved fuel burner uses a low pressure air atomizing nozzle that does not result in the use of additional compressors or the introduction of pressurized gases downstream, nor does it require a complex design. Inventors:

Properties and Cycle Performance of Refrigerant Blends Operating Near and Above the Refrigerant Critical Point, Task 2: Air Conditioner System Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piotr A. Domanski; W. Vance Payne

2002-10-31

The main goal of this project was to investigate and compare the performance of an R410A air conditioner to that of an R22 air conditioner, with specific interest in performance at high ambient temperatures at which the condenser of the R410A system may be operating above the refrigerant's critical point. Part 1 of this project consisted of conducting comprehensive measurements of thermophysical for refrigerant R125 and refrigerant blends R410A and R507A and developing new equation of state formulations and mixture models for predicting thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerant blends. Part 2 of this project conducted performance measurements of split-system, 3-tonmore » R22 and R410A residential air conditioners in the 80 to 135 F (27.8 to 57.2 C) outdoor temperature range and development of a system performance model. The performance data was used in preparing a beta version of EVAP-COND, a windows-based simulation package for predicting performance of finned-tube evaporators and condensers. The modeling portion of this project also included the formulation of a model for an air-conditioner equipped with a thermal expansion valve (TXV). Capacity and energy efficiency ratio (EER) were measured and compared. The R22 system's performance was measured over the outdoor ambient temperature range of 80 to 135 F (27.8 to 57.2 C). The same test range was planned for the R410A system. However, the compressor's safety system cut off the compressor at the 135.0 F (57.2 C) test temperature. The highest measurement on this system was at 130.0 F (54.4 C). Subsequently, a custom-manufactured R410A compressor with a disabled safety system and a more powerful motor was installed and performance was measured at outdoor temperatures up to 155.0 F (68.3 C). Both systems had similar capacity and EER performance at 82.0 F (27.8 C). The capacity and EER degradation of both systems were nearly linearly dependent with rising ambient outdoor ambient test temperatures. The performance degradation of R410A at higher temperatures was greater than R22. However, the R22 and R410A systems both operated normally during all tests. Visual observations of the R410A system provided no indication of vibrations or TXV hunting at high ambient outdoor test conditions with the compressor operating in the transcritical regime.« less

40 CFR 204.55 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Requirements. 204.55 Section 204.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.55 Requirements. ...

40 CFR 204.55 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Requirements. 204.55 Section 204.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.55 Requirements. ...

40 CFR 204.55 - Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Requirements. 204.55 Section 204.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS NOISE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Portable Air Compressors § 204.55 Requirements. ...

Investigation of Injector Slot Geometry on Curved-Diffuser Aerodynamic Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silva, Odlanier

2004-01-01

The Compressor Branch vision is to be recognized as world-class leaders in research for fluid mechanics of compressors. Its mission is to conduct research and develop technology to advance the state of the art of compressors and transfer new technology to U.S. industries. Maintain partnerships with U.S. industries, universities, and other government organizations. Maintain a balance between customers focused and long range research. Flow control comprises enabling technologies to meet compression system performance requirements driven by emissions and fuel reduction goals (e.g., in UEET), missions (e.g., access-to-space), aerodynamically aggressive vehicle configurations (e.g., UAV and future blended wing body configurations with highly distorted inlets), and cost goals (e.g., in VAATE). The compression system requirements include increased efficiency, power-to-weight, and adaptability (i.e., robustness in terms of wide operability, distortion tolerance, and engine system health and reliability). The compressor flow control task comprises efforts to develop, demonstrate, and transfer adaptive flow control technology to industry to increase aerodynamic loading at current blade row loss levels, to enable adaptive1 y wide operability, and to develop plant models for adaptive compression systems. In this context, flow control is the controlled modification of a flow field by a deliberate means beyond the natural (uncontrolled) shaping of the solid surfaces that define the principal flow path. The objective of the compressor flow control task is to develop and apply techniques that control circulation, aerodynamic blockage, and entropy production in order to enhance the performance and operability of compression systems for advanced aero-propulsion applications. This summer I would be working with a curved-diffuser because it simulates what happens with flow in the stator blades in the compressor. With this experiment I will be doing some data analysis and parametric study of the injector slot geometries to get the best aerodynamic performance of it. This includes some data reduction, redesign and fast prototyping of the injector nozzle.

An Analysis of Electrical Consumption at Representative Army Installations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

can be done by analyzing and optimizing HVAC system and building operation. For example, if the minimum hourly usage (demand) of a typical bachelor...equipment. (Major candidates for scheduling are air-handler motors, chillers , air compressors, exhaust fans, exterior lights, hot water heaters, and hot...location: Thermostats Setpoint Measured Limiters Setback Area Temperature Temperature Yes No Yes No Are night setback thermostats recommended? Yes _ No

Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Airframe Missile, or Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability R&M Reliability and Maintainability RAT Ram Air Turbine RBOC Rapid Blooming...the Doppler shifted return (see Figure 10). Reflections off rotating jet engine compressor blades, aircraft propellers, ram air turbine (RAT...predict aircraft ground speed and direction of motion. Wind influences are taken into account, such that the radar can also be used to update the aircraft

Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook. 4th Edition

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

and Maintainability R&M Reliability and Maintainability RAT Ram Air Turbine RBOC Rapid Blooming Offboard Chaff RCP or RHCP Right-hand Circular...Doppler shifted return (see Figure 10). Reflections off rotating jet engine compressor blades, aircraft propellers, ram air turbine (RAT...Doppler techniques, in order to precisely predict aircraft ground speed and direction of motion. Wind influences are taken into account, such that

4. Credit PSR. View east at west and south facades ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Credit PSR. View east at west and south facades of Unicon Portable Hangar with immediate ancillary structures. Building 4307 (Supply & Equipment Warehouse) appears at left, Building 4303 (Air Compressor Plant) in middle foreground, and Building 4306 (Boiler House) at the southwest corner of the hangar. - Edwards Air Force Base, North Base, Unicon Portable Hangar, First & C Streets, Boron, Kern County, CA

23 CFR Appendix D to Part 658 - Devices That Are Excluded From Measurement of the Length or Width of a Commercial Motor Vehicle

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or Width of a Commercial Motor Vehicle D Appendix D to Part 658 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY... DESIGNATIONS-LENGTH, WIDTH AND WEIGHT LIMITATIONS Pt. 658, App. D Appendix D to Part 658—Devices That Are... operations; (c) Aerodynamic devices, air deflector; (d) Air compressor; (e) Certificate holder (manifest box...

CF6 Jet Engine Performance Improvement: High Pressure Turbine Active Clearance Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rich, S. E.; Fasching, W. A.

1982-01-01

An active clearance control system was developed which reduces fuel consumption and performance degradation. This system utilizes compressor discharge air during takeoff and fan discharge air during cruise to impinge on the shroud structure to improve the thermal response. The system was evaluated in component and engine tests. The test results demonstrated a performance improvement of 0.7 percent in cruise SFC.

Two-stage high frequency pulse tube cooler for refrigeration at 25 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dietrich, M.; Thummes, G.

2010-04-01

A two-stage Stirling-type U-shape pulse tube cryocooler driven by a 10 kW-class linear compressor was designed, built and tested. A special feature of the cold head is the absence of a heat exchanger at the cold end of the first-stage, since the intended application requires no cooling power at this intermediate temperature. Simulations where done using SAGE-software to find optimum operating conditions and cold head geometry. Flow-impedance matching was required to connect the compressor designed for 60 Hz operation to the 40 Hz cold head. A cooling power of 12.9 W at 25 K with an electrical input power of 4.6 kW has been achieved up to now. The lowest temperature reached is 13.7 K.

A study on flow development in an APU-style inlet and its effect on centrifugal compressor performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lou, Fangyuan

The objectives of this research were to investigate the flow development inside an APU-style inlet and its effect on centrifugal compressor performance. The motivation arises from the increased applications of gas turbine engines installed with APU-style inlets such as unmanned aerial vehicles, auxiliary power units, and helicopters. The inlet swirl distortion created from these complicated inlet systems has become a major performance and operability concern. To improve the integration between the APU-style inlet and gas turbine engines, better understanding of the flow field in the APU-style inlet and its effect on gas turbine is necessary. A research facility for the purpose of performing an experimental investigation of the flow field inside an APU-style inlet was developed. A subcritical air ejector is used to continuously flow the inlet at desired corrected mass flow rates. The facility is capable of flowing the APU inlet over a wide range of corrected mass flow rate that matches the same Mach numbers as engine operating conditions. Additionally, improvement in the system operational steadiness was achieved by tuning the pressure controller using a PID control method and utilizing multi-layer screens downstream of the APU inlet. Less than 1% relative unsteadiness was achieved for full range operation. The flow field inside the rectangular-sectioned 90? bend of the APU-style inlet was measured using a 3-Component LDV system. The structures for both primary flow and the secondary flow inside the bend were resolved. Additionally, the effect of upstream geometry on the flow development in the downstream bend was also investigated. Furthermore, a Single Stage Centrifugal Compressor research facility was developed at Purdue University in collaboration with Honeywell to operate the APU-style inlet at engine conditions with a compressor. To operate the facility, extensive infrastructure for facility health monitoring and performance control (including lubrication systems, secondary air systems, a throttle system, and different inlet configurations) were built. Additionally, three Labview programs were developed for acquiring the compressor health monitoring, steady and unsteady pressure and strain data. The baseline, steady aerodynamic performance map was established. Additionally, the unsteady pressure field in the compressor was investigated. Steady performance data have been acquired from choke to near surge at three different corrected speeds from 90% to 100% corrected speed in 5% increments. The performance of the compressor stage was characterized using total pressure ratio (TPR), total temperature ratio (TTR), and isentropic efficiency. The impeller alone and diffuser along performance were also investigated, and the high loss regions in the compressor were identified. At last, the compressor unsteady shroud pressure was investigated at 100% corrected speed in both the time domain and frequency domain. Results show strong pressure components in relation to the shaft frequency (SF). The impeller has 17 main blades and 17 splitter blades, and introduces pressure fluctuations at 17SF and its harmonics. Additionally, the diffuser has a vane count of 25 and results in pressure spectra of 59SF (17+17+25) due to the interactions between the impeller and diffuser.

Evaluation of BAUER UTILUS 10 and TRIPLEX Purification Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

of the test was to: A. Determine if the compressor and Purification System provides compressed air at the required pressures, flow rates, quality and...optimum filtering, moisture separation, third stage piston ring expansion/cylinder sealing and prevents compressed air return from the storage flasks to the...551 COMPRESSED AIR PLANTS AND SYSTEMS S9086-SY-STM-O0O PARA 551-4.2.2.1. 6. Navy Experimental Diving Unit Test Plan Number 93-01, Jan 93. 7. NAVSEAINST

Atmospheric Photochemical Modeling of Turbine Engine Fuels. Phase I. Experimental Studies. Volume 1. Results and Discussion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

ambient air was drawn through Purafil beds (to remove NOx), compressed by a liquid (water) ring compressor to 100 psig, and passed successively...AD-R48 716 ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELING OF TURBNNE ENGINE 1/2 FUELS PHASE I EXPERI..(U) CALIFORNIA UNIV RIVERSIDE STATEWIDE AIR POLLUTION...of II Results and Disussion : t W.P.L. CARTER, A.M. WINER, R. ATKINSON, M.C. DODD, W.D. LONG, and S.M. ASCHMANN STATEWIDE AIR POLLUTION RESEARCH

Hardware and Procedures for Using the Diveair2 Monitor to Test Diving Air Quality in the Field

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

Dive System ( LWDS ), and the Fly- Away Dive System (FADS); b. one pressure-reducing regulator (“reducer”) mounted on the inside of the lid of the...1. compressors and air banks, 6 2. scuba bottles that had already been charged, 3. the Navy’s LWDS , both during and after charging, and...site where the charging whip attaches to that scuba bottle. c. A LWDS adaptor, to allow air from the LWDS to be sampled both during and after

Hybrid solar central receiver for combined cycle power plant

DOEpatents

Bharathan, D.; Bohn, M.S.; Williams, T.A.

1995-05-23

A hybrid combined cycle power plant is described including a solar central receiver for receiving solar radiation and converting it to thermal energy. The power plant includes a molten salt heat transfer medium for transferring the thermal energy to an air heater. The air heater uses the thermal energy to preheat the air from the compressor of the gas cycle. The exhaust gases from the gas cycle are directed to a steam turbine for additional energy production. 1 figure.

Airstart performance of a digital electronic engine control system on an F100 engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burcham, F. W., Jr.

1984-01-01

The digital electronic engine control (DEEC) system installed on an F100 engine in an F-15 aircraft was tested. The DEEC system incorporates a closed-loop air start feature in which the fuel flow is modulated to achieve the desired rate of compressor acceleration. With this logic the DEEC equipped F100 engine can achieve air starts over a larger envelope. The DEEC air start logic, the test program conducted on the F-15, and its results are described.

Water augmented indirectly-fired gas turbine systems and method

DOEpatents

Bechtel, Thomas F.; Parsons, Jr., Edward J.

1992-01-01

An indirectly-fired gas turbine system utilizing water augmentation for increasing the net efficiency and power output of the system is described. Water injected into the compressor discharge stream evaporatively cools the air to provide a higher driving temperature difference across a high temperature air heater which is used to indirectly heat the water-containing air to a turbine inlet temperature of greater than about 1,000.degree. C. By providing a lower air heater hot side outlet temperature, heat rejection in the air heater is reduced to increase the heat recovery in the air heater and thereby increase the overall cycle efficiency.

Engine balance apparatus and accessory drive device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brogdon, James William (Inventor); Gill, David Keith (Inventor)

2000-01-01

A balancing mechanism for an engine that has a rotating crankshaft and reciprocating pistons such as those engines used in automobiles, aircrafts, boats, piston-driven compressors, piston-driven slider crank mechanisms, etc. The present balancing mechanism may comprise a first balance mass non-rotatably affixed to the crankshaft and a second balance mass rotatably supported on the crankshaft. A driver assembly is affixed to crankshaft to cause the second balance mass to rotate in a direction that is opposite to the direction in which the crank shaft is rotating. The driver assembly may include auxiliary gears configured to transport rotary power to auxiliary components.

Magnetic Heat Pump Containing Flow Diverters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Frank S.

1995-01-01

Proposed magnetic heat pump contains flow diverters for suppression of undesired flows. If left unchecked, undesired flows mix substantial amounts of partially heated and partially cooled portions of working fluid, effectively causing leakage of heat from heated side to cooled side. By reducing leakage of heat, flow diverters increase energy efficiency of magnetic heat pump, potentially offering efficiency greater than compressor-driven refrigerator.

76 FR 54758 - Alliance Pipeline L.P.; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the Planned...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... Counties, North Dakota; A 4,500 horsepower compressor station containing two natural gas-driven engines... included in the User's Guide under the ``e-filing'' link on the Commission's Web site. Please note that the... on ``General Search'' and enter the docket number, excluding the last three digits in the Docket...