Thermodynamic versus non-equilibrium stability of palmitic acid monolayers in calcium-enriched sea spray aerosol proxy systems.

PubMed

Wellen Rudd, Bethany A; Vidalis, Andrew S; Allen, Heather C

2018-04-16

Of the major cations in seawater (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+), Ca2+ is found to be the most enriched in fine sea spray aerosols (SSA). In this work, we investigate the binding of Ca2+ to the carboxylic acid headgroup of palmitic acid (PA), a marine-abundant fatty acid, and the impact such binding has on the stability of PA monolayers in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. A range of Ca2+ conditions from 10 μM to 300 mM was utilized to represent the relative concentration of Ca2+ in high and low relative humidity aerosol environments. The CO2- stretching modes of PA detected by surface-sensitive infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) reveal ionic binding motifs of the Ca2+ ion to the carboxylate group with varying degrees of hydration. Surface tensiometry was used to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium spreading pressure (ESP) of PA on the various aqueous CaCl2 subphases. Up to concentrations of 1 mM Ca2+, each system reached equilibrium, and Ca2+:PA surface complexation gave rise to a lower energy state revealed by elevated surface pressures relative to water. We show that PA films are not thermodynamically stable at marine aerosol-relevant Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+] ≥ 10 mM). IRRAS and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface presence of PA on high concentration Ca2+ aqueous subphases. Non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) experiments were also conducted and monitored by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) to determine the effect of the Ca2+ ions on PA stability. At high surface pressures, the relaxation mechanisms of PA varied among the systems and were dependent on Ca2+ concentration.

Photochemical Energy Storage and Electrochemically Triggered Energy Release in the Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane System: UV Photochemistry and IR Spectroelectrochemistry in a Combined Experiment.

PubMed

Brummel, Olaf; Waidhas, Fabian; Bauer, Udo; Wu, Yanlin; Bochmann, Sebastian; Steinrück, Hans-Peter; Papp, Christian; Bachmann, Julien; Libuda, Jörg

2017-07-06

The two valence isomers norbornadiene (NBD) and quadricyclane (QC) enable solar energy storage in a single molecule system. We present a new photoelectrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PEC-IRRAS) experiment, which allows monitoring of the complete energy storage and release cycle by in situ vibrational spectroscopy. Both processes were investigated, the photochemical conversion from NBD to QC using the photosensitizer 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler's ketone, MK) and the electrochemically triggered cycloreversion from QC to NBD. Photochemical conversion was obtained with characteristic conversion times on the order of 500 ms. All experiments were performed under full potential control in a thin-layer configuration with a Pt(111) working electrode. The vibrational spectra of NBD, QC, and MK were analyzed in the fingerprint region, permitting quantitative analysis of the spectroscopic data. We determined selectivities for both the photochemical conversion and the electrochemical cycloreversion and identified the critical steps that limit the reversibility of the storage cycle.

Joint Force Quarterly. Number 22, Summer 1999

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

combine to present a pes- simistic view of human nature as prone to irra- tional hatred and violence , extrapolating present ethnic and religious...serve as an Internet-based, cooper- ative, interactive, multiplayer opposing force simulator for exercises, experimen- tation, and rehearsals in

The film tells the story: Physical-chemical characteristics of IgG at the liquid-air interface.

PubMed

Koepf, Ellen; Schroeder, Rudolf; Brezesinski, Gerald; Friess, Wolfgang

2017-10-01

The presence of liquid-air interfaces in protein pharmaceuticals is known to negatively impact product stability. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind interface-related protein aggregation are not yet fully understood. Little is known about the physical-chemical behavior of proteins adsorbed to the interface. Therefore, the combinatorial use of appropriate surface-sensitive analytical methods such as Langmuir trough experiments, Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS), Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is highly expedient to uncover structures and events at the liquid-air interface directly. Concentration-dependent adsorption of a human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and characteristic surface-pressure/area isotherms substantiated the amphiphilic nature of the protein molecules as well as the formation of a compressible protein film at the liquid-air interface. Upon compression, the IgG molecules do not readily desorb but form a highly compressible interfacial film. IRRA spectra proved not only the presence of the protein at the interface, but also showed that the secondary structure does not change considerably during adsorption or compression. IRRAS experiments at different angles of incidence indicated that the film thickness and/or packing density increases upon compression. Furthermore, BAM images exposed the presence of a coherent but heterogeneous distribution of the protein at the interface. Topographical differences within the protein film after adsorption, compression and decompression were revealed using underwater AFM. The combinatorial use of physical-chemical, spectroscopic and microscopic methods provided useful insights into the liquid-air interfacial protein behavior and revealed the formation of a continuous but inhomogeneous film of native-like protein molecules whose topographical appearance is affected by compressive forces. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability (NUCLARR). Version 3.5, Quick Reference Guide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, B.G.; Richards, R.E.; Reece, W.J.

1992-10-01

This Reference Guide contains instructions on how to install and use Version 3.5 of the NRC-sponsored Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability (NUCLARR). The NUCLARR data management system is contained in compressed files on the floppy diskettes that accompany this Reference Guide. NUCLARR is comprised of hardware component failure data (HCFD) and human error probability (HEP) data, both of which are available via a user-friendly, menu driven retrieval system. The data may be saved to a file in a format compatible with IRRAS 3.0 and commercially available statistical packages, or used to formulate log-plots and reports of data retrievalmore » and aggregation findings.« less

Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability (NUCLARR)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, B.G.; Richards, R.E.; Reece, W.J.

1992-10-01

This Reference Guide contains instructions on how to install and use Version 3.5 of the NRC-sponsored Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability (NUCLARR). The NUCLARR data management system is contained in compressed files on the floppy diskettes that accompany this Reference Guide. NUCLARR is comprised of hardware component failure data (HCFD) and human error probability (HEP) data, both of which are available via a user-friendly, menu driven retrieval system. The data may be saved to a file in a format compatible with IRRAS 3.0 and commercially available statistical packages, or used to formulate log-plots and reports of data retrievalmore » and aggregation findings.« less

Studying Two-Dimensional Zeolites with the Tools of Surface Science: MFI Nanosheets on Au(111)

DOE PAGES

J. D. Kestell; Zhong, J. Q.; Shete, M.; ...

2016-07-26

While surface science has provided fundamental insights into a variety a materials, the most used catalysts in the industry, namely zeolites, still remain a challenge. The recent preparation of two-dimensional versions of MFI zeolite frameworks and the possibility of their deposition on electrically conductive supports provides for the first time a viable strategy to perform detailed studies on industrially relevant zeolites using the vast toolkit of surface science. In this work we demonstrate the use of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study these materials. Furthermore, polarization modulation IRRAS is used to study themore » adsorption of methanol and its effect in phonon vibrations of the zeolite framework. The possibility of using surface science methods, in particular under ambient pressure conditions, for the study of well-defined zeolites and other microporous structures opens new avenues to understand structural and mechanistic aspects of these materials as catalysts, adsorbents and molecular sieves.« less

Studying Two-Dimensional Zeolites with the Tools of Surface Science: MFI Nanosheets on Au(111)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. D. Kestell; Zhong, J. Q.; Shete, M.

While surface science has provided fundamental insights into a variety a materials, the most used catalysts in the industry, namely zeolites, still remain a challenge. The recent preparation of two-dimensional versions of MFI zeolite frameworks and the possibility of their deposition on electrically conductive supports provides for the first time a viable strategy to perform detailed studies on industrially relevant zeolites using the vast toolkit of surface science. In this work we demonstrate the use of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study these materials. Furthermore, polarization modulation IRRAS is used to study themore » adsorption of methanol and its effect in phonon vibrations of the zeolite framework. The possibility of using surface science methods, in particular under ambient pressure conditions, for the study of well-defined zeolites and other microporous structures opens new avenues to understand structural and mechanistic aspects of these materials as catalysts, adsorbents and molecular sieves.« less

Effect of Time and Deposition Method on Quality of Phosphonic Acid Modifier Self-Assembled Monolayers on Indium Zinc Oxide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sang, Lingzi; Knesting, Kristina M.; Bulusu, Anuradha

Phosphonic acid (PA) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are utilized at critical interfaces between transparent conductive oxides (TCO) and organic active layers in organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The effects of PA deposition method and time on the formation of close-packed, high-quality monolayers is investigated here for SAMs fabricated by solution deposition, micro-contact printing, and spray coating. The solution deposition isotherm for pentafluorinated benzylphosphonic acid (F5BnPA) on indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) is studied using polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) at room temperature as a model PA/IZO system. Fast surface adsorption occurs within the first min; however, well-oriented high-quality SAMs are reached only aftermore » -48 h, presumably through a continual process of molecular adsorption/desorption and monolayer filling accompanied by molecular reorientation. Two other rapid, soak-free deposition techniques, micro-contact printing and spray coating, are also explored. SAM quality is compared for deposition of phenyl phosphonic acid (PPA), F13-octylphosphonic acid (F13OPA), and pentafluorinated benzyl phosphonic acid (F5BnPA) by solution deposition, micro-contact printing and spray coating using PM-IRRAS. In contrast to micro-contact printing and spray coating techniques, 48-168 h solution deposition at both room temperature and 70 degrees C result in contamination- and surface etch-free close-packed monolayers with good reproducibility. SAMs fabricated by micro-contact printing and spray coating are much less well ordered.« less

Conjugated polymers nanostructured as smart interfaces for controlling the catalytic properties of enzymes.

PubMed

Barbosa, Camila Gouveia; Caseli, Luciano; Péres, Laura Oliveira

2016-08-15

The search for new molecular architectures to improve the efficiency of enzymes entrapped in ultrathin films is useful to enhance the effectiveness of biosensors. In this present work, conjugated polymers, based on thiophene and fluorine, were investigated to verify their suitability as matrices for the immobilization of urease. The copolymer poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-co-thiophene], PDOF-co-Th was spread on the air-water interface forming stable Langmuir monolayers as determined by surface pressure-area isotherms, polarization-modulation reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). Urease was incorporated in the floating monolayers being further transferred to solid supports as mixed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. These films were then characterized with transfer ratio, fluorescence spectroscopy, PM-IRRAS and atomic force microscopy, confirming the co-transfer of the enzyme as well as its structuring in β-sheets. The catalytic activity was detected for urease, with a lower reaction rate than that encountered for the homogeneous environment. This was attributed to conformational constraints imposed to the biomacromolecule entrapped in the polymeric matrix. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Covalent attachment of TAT peptides and thiolated alkyl molecules on GaAs surfaces.

PubMed

Cho, Youngnam; Ivanisevic, Albena

2005-07-07

Four TAT peptide fragments were used to functionalize GaAs surfaces by adsorption from solution. In addition, two well-studied alkylthiols, mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) were utilized as references to understand the structure of the TAT peptide monolayer on GaAs. The different sequences of TAT peptides were employed in recognition experiments where a synthetic RNA sequence was tested to verify the specific interaction with the TAT peptide. The modified GaAs surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS). AFM studies were used to compare the surface roughness before and after functionalization. XPS allowed us to characterize the chemical composition of the GaAs surface and conclude that the monolayers composed of different sequences of peptides have similar surface chemistries. Finally, FT-IRRAS experiments enabled us to deduce that the TAT peptide monolayers have a fairly ordered and densely packed alkyl chain structure. The recognition experiments showed preferred interaction of the RNA sequence toward peptides with high arginine content.

A correlation between secondary structure and rheological properties of low-density lipoproteins at air/water interfaces.

PubMed

Khattari, Ziad

2017-09-01

The secondary structure of apolipoprotein B-100 is studied within the bulk phase and at the air/water interface. In these "in viro" experiments, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) study was performed at the air/water interface while circular dichroism (CD) was conducted in the bulk phase. In the bulk phase, the conformational structure containing a significant amount of β-structure, whereas varying amount of α-helix, unordered structures, and β-sheet were observed at the air/water interface depending on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) film interfacial pressure. The present IRRAS results demonstrate the importance of interfacial pressure-induced structural conformations on the apoB-100. A correlation between the secondary structure of the apoB-100 protein and the monomolecular film elasticity at the air/water interface was also established. The orientation of apoB-100 with respect to the LDL film-normal was found to depend on the interfacial pressure exhibited by the monomolecular film. These results may shed light on LDL's pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease as demonstrated previously by clinical trials.

Correlation between mechanical behavior of protein films at the air/water interface and intrinsic stability of protein molecules.

PubMed

Martin, Anneke H; Cohen Stuart, Martien A; Bos, Martin A; van Vliet, Ton

2005-04-26

The relation between mechanical film properties of various adsorbed protein layers at the air/water interface and intrinsic stability of the corresponding proteins is discussed. Mechanical film properties were determined by surface deformation in shear and dilation. In shear, fracture stress, sigma(f), and fracture strain, gamma(f), were determined, as well as the relaxation behavior after macroscopic fracture. The dilatational measurements were performed in a Langmuir trough equipped with an infra-red reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) accessory. During compression and relaxation of the surface, the surface pressure, Pi, and adsorbed amount, Gamma (determined from the IRRAS spectra), were determined simultaneously. In addition, IRRAS spectra revealed information on conformational changes in terms of secondary structure. Possible correlations between macroscopic film properties and intrinsic stability of the proteins were determined and discussed in terms of molecular dimensions of single proteins and interfacial protein films. Molecular properties involved the area per protein molecule at Pi approximately 0 mN/m (A(0)), A(0)/M (M = molecular weight) and the maximum slope of the Pi-Gamma curves (dPi/dGamma). The differences observed in mechanical properties and relaxation behavior indicate that the behavior of a protein film subjected to large deformation may vary widely from predominantly viscous (yielding) to more elastic (fracture). This transition is also observed in gradual changes in A(0)/M. It appeared that in general protein layers with high A(0)/M have a high gamma(f) and behave more fluidlike, whereas solidlike behavior is characterized by low A(0)/M and low gamma(f). Additionally, proteins with a low A(0)/M value have a low adaptability in changing their conformation upon adsorption at the air/water interface. Both results support the conclusion that the hardness (internal cohesion) of protein molecules determines predominantly the mechanical behavior of adsorbed protein layers.

Adsorption of fibrinogen on a biomedical-grade stainless steel 316LVM surface: a PM-IRRAS study of the adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics and secondary structure changes.

PubMed

Desroches, Marie-Josee; Omanovic, Sasha

2008-05-14

Polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) was employed to investigate the interaction of serum protein fibrinogen with a biomedical-grade 316LVM stainless steel surface, in terms of the adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics and secondary structure changes of the protein. Apparent Gibbs energy of adsorption values indicated a highly spontaneous and strong adsorption of fibrinogen onto the surface. The kinetics of fibrinogen adsorption were successfully modeled using a pseudo first-order kinetic model. Deconvolution of the amide I bands indicated that the adsorption of fibrinogen on 316LVM results in significant changes in the protein's secondary structure that occur predominantly within the first minute of adsorption. Among the investigated structures, the alpha-helix structure undergoes the smallest changes, while the beta-sheet and beta-turns structures undergo significant changes. It was shown that lateral interactions between the adsorbed molecules do not play a role in controlling the secondary structure changes. An increase in temperature induced changes in the secondary structure of the protein, characterized by a loss of the alpha-helical content and its transformation into the beta-turns structure.

UV irradiation study of a tripeptide isolated in an argon matrix: A tautomerism process evidenced by infrared and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mateo-Marti, E.; Pradier, C. M.

2013-05-01

Matrix isolation is a powerful tool for studying photochemical processes occurring in isolated molecules. In this way, we characterized the chemical modifications occurring within a tri peptide molecule, IGF, when exposed to the influence of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This paper first describes the successful formation of the tripeptide (IGF) argon matrix under vacuum conditions, followed by the in situ UV irradiation and characterization of the molecular matrix reactivity after UV-irradiation. These studies have been performed by combining two complementary spectroscopic techniques, Fourier-Transform Reflexion Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The IR spectra of the isolated peptide-matrix, before and after UV irradiation, revealed significant differences that could be associated either to a partial deprotonation of the molecule or to a tautomeric conversion of some amide bonds to imide ones on some peptide molecules. XPS analyses undoubtedly confirmed the second hypothesis; the combination of IRRAS and XPS results provide evidence that UV irradiation of peptides induces a chemical reaction, namely a shift of the double bond, meaning partial conversion from amide tautomer into an imidic acid tautomer.

Reactive Landing of Gramicidin S and Ubiquitin Ions onto Activated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laskin, Julia; Hu, Qichi

2017-03-13

Using mass-selected ion deposition combined with in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), we examined the reactive landing of gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions onto activated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces terminated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-SAM) and acyl fluoride (COF-SAM) groups. Doubly protonated gramicidin S, [GS+2H]2+, and two charge states of ubiquitin, [U+5H]5+ and [U+13H]13+, were used as model systems, allowing us to explore the effect of the number of free amino groups and the secondary structure on the efficiency of covalent bond formation between the projectile ion and the surface. For all projectile ions, ion deposition resulted in the depletionmore » of IRRAS bands corresponding to the terminal groups on the SAM and the appearance of several new bands not associated with the deposited species. These new bands were assigned to the C=O stretching vibrations of COOH and COO- groups formed on the surface as a result of ion deposition. The presence of these bands was attributed to an alternative reactive landing pathway that competes with covalent bond formation. This pathway with similar yields for both gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions is analogous to the hydrolysis of the NHS ester bond in solution. The covalent bond formation efficiency increased linearly with the number of free amino groups and was found to be lower for the more compact conformation of ubiquitin compared with the fully unfolded conformation. This observation was attributed to the limited availability of amino groups on the surface of the folded conformation. Our results have provided new insights on the efficiency and mechanism of reactive landing of peptides and proteins onto activated SAMs« less

Reactive Landing of Gramicidin S and Ubiquitin Ions onto Activated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laskin, Julia; Hu, Qichi

2017-07-01

Using mass-selected ion deposition combined with in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), we examined the reactive landing of gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions onto activated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces terminated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-SAM) and acyl fluoride (COF-SAM) groups. Doubly protonated gramicidin S, [GS + 2H]2+, and two charge states of ubiquitin, [U + 5H]5+ and [U + 13H]13+, were used as model systems, allowing us to explore the effect of the number of free amino groups and the secondary structure on the efficiency of covalent bond formation between the projectile ion and the surface. For all projectile ions, ion deposition resulted in the depletion of IRRAS bands corresponding to the terminal groups on the SAM and the appearance of several new bands not associated with the deposited species. These new bands were assigned to the C=O stretching vibrations of COOH and COO- groups formed on the surface as a result of ion deposition. The presence of these bands was attributed to an alternative reactive landing pathway that competes with covalent bond formation. This pathway with similar yields for both gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions is analogous to the hydrolysis of the NHS ester bond in solution. The covalent bond formation efficiency increased linearly with the number of free amino groups and was found to be lower for the more compact conformation of ubiquitin compared with the fully unfolded conformation. This observation was attributed to the limited availability of amino groups on the surface of the folded conformation. Our results have provided new insights on the efficiency and mechanism of reactive landing of peptides and proteins onto activated SAMs.

Proceedings of the Anniversary Meeting (25th, Toronto, December 28-29, 1972). Industrial Relations Research Association Series. Index of IRRA Publications 1966-1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Somers, Gerald G., Ed.

Papers presented at the 25th meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association (IRAA) covered issues that are central to industrial relations in North America. Papers and discussions dealt with these major issues: (1) Prices and Income Policy: Comparative Aspects, (2) Dispute Settlement in the Public Sector, (3) Manpower Policies in Canada…

Changes in the incidence of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and infant mortality 5 years following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a "3+0" schedule.

PubMed

Becker-Dreps, Sylvia; Blette, Bryan; Briceño, Rafaela; Alemán, Jorge; Hudgens, Michael G; Moreno, Gilberto; Ordoñez, Ana; Rocha, Julio; Weber, David J; Amaya, Erick

2017-01-01

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes about 826,000 deaths of children in the world each year and many health facility visits. To reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease, many nations have added pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to their national immunization schedules. Nicaragua was the first country eligible for GAVI Alliance funding to introduce the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010, provided to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the population impact of the first five years of the program. Numbers of visits for pneumonia, pneumonia-related deaths, and bacterial meningitis in both children and adults, and infant deaths between 2008 and 2015 were collected from all 107 public health facilities in León Department. Vital statistics data provided additional counts of pneumonia-related deaths that occurred outside health facilities. Adjusted incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRa) in the vaccine (2011-2015) and pre-vaccine periods (2008-2010) were estimated retrospectively using official population estimates as exposure time. The IRRa for pneumonia hospitalizations was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.75) for infants, and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99) for one year-olds. The IRRa for post-neonatal infant mortality was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.77). In the population as a whole, ambulatory visits and hospitalizations for pneumonia, as well as pneumonia-related mortality and rates of bacterial meningitis were lower in the vaccine period. During the first five years of program implementation, reductions were observed in health facility visits for pneumonia in immunized age groups and infant mortality, which would be hard to achieve with any other single public health intervention. Future study is warranted to understand whether the lack of a booster dose (e.g., at 12 months) may be responsible for the small reductions in pneumonia hospitalizations observed in one year-olds as compared to infants.

Changes in the incidence of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and infant mortality 5 years following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a "3+0" schedule

PubMed Central

Blette, Bryan; Briceño, Rafaela; Alemán, Jorge; Hudgens, Michael G.; Moreno, Gilberto; Ordoñez, Ana; Rocha, Julio; Weber, David J.; Amaya, Erick

2017-01-01

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes about 826,000 deaths of children in the world each year and many health facility visits. To reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease, many nations have added pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to their national immunization schedules. Nicaragua was the first country eligible for GAVI Alliance funding to introduce the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010, provided to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the population impact of the first five years of the program. Methods Numbers of visits for pneumonia, pneumonia-related deaths, and bacterial meningitis in both children and adults, and infant deaths between 2008 and 2015 were collected from all 107 public health facilities in León Department. Vital statistics data provided additional counts of pneumonia-related deaths that occurred outside health facilities. Adjusted incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRa) in the vaccine (2011–2015) and pre-vaccine periods (2008–2010) were estimated retrospectively using official population estimates as exposure time. Results The IRRa for pneumonia hospitalizations was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.75) for infants, and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99) for one year-olds. The IRRa for post-neonatal infant mortality was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.77). In the population as a whole, ambulatory visits and hospitalizations for pneumonia, as well as pneumonia-related mortality and rates of bacterial meningitis were lower in the vaccine period. Conclusions During the first five years of program implementation, reductions were observed in health facility visits for pneumonia in immunized age groups and infant mortality, which would be hard to achieve with any other single public health intervention. Future study is warranted to understand whether the lack of a booster dose (e.g., at 12 months) may be responsible for the small reductions in pneumonia hospitalizations observed in one year-olds as compared to infants. PMID:28813518

Elastomeric nanoparticle composites covalently bound to Al2O3/GaAs surfaces.

PubMed

Song, Hyon Min; Ye, Peide D; Ivanisevic, Albena

2007-08-28

This article reports the modification of Al2O3/GaAs surfaces with multifunctional soft materials. Siloxane elastomers were covalently bound to dopamine-modified Al2O3/GaAs semiconductor surfaces using MPt (M = Fe, Ni) nanoparticles. The sizes of the monodisperse FePt and NiPt nanoparticles were less than 5 nm. The surfaces of the nanoparticles as well as the Al2O3/GaAs substrates were modified with allyl-functionalized dopamine that utilized a dihydroxy group as a strong ligand. The immobilization of the elastomers was performed via a hydrosilation reaction of the allyl-functionalized dopamines with the siloxane backbones. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments confirmed the covalent bonding of the siloxane elastomers to the oxide layer on the semiconductor surface. Fourier transform-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) measurements revealed that the allyl functional groups are bonded to the siloxane backbones. The FT-IRRAS data also showed that the density of the allyl groups on the surface was lower than that of the siloxane backbones. The mechanical properties of the surface-bound nanocomposites were tested using nanoindentation experiments. The nanoindentation data showed that the soft matrix composed of the elastomeric coating on the surfaces behaves differently from the inner, hard Al2O3/GaAs substrate.

Directed assembly of binary monolayers with a high protein affinity: infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

PubMed

Du, Xuezhong; Wang, Yuchun

2007-03-08

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques have been employed to investigate human serum albumin (HSA) binding to binary monolayers of zwitterionic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DOMA). At the air-water interface, the favorable electrostatic interaction between DPPC and DOMA leads to a dense chain packing. The tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chains decreases with increasing mole fraction of DOMA (X(DOMA)) in the monolayers at the surface pressure 30 mN/m: DPPC ( approximately 30 degrees ), X(DOMA) = 0.1 ( approximately 15 degrees ), and X(DOMA) = 0.3 ( approximately 0 degrees ). Negligible protein binding to the DPPC monolayer is observed in contrast to a significant binding to the binary monolayers. After HSA binding, the hydrocarbon chains at X(DOMA) = 0.1 undergo an increase in tilt angle from 15 degrees to 25 approximately 30 degrees , and the chains at X(DOMA) = 0.3 remain almost unchanged. The two components in the monolayers deliver through lateral reorganization, induced by the protein in the subphase, to form multiple interaction sites favorable for protein binding. The surfaces with a high protein affinity are created through the directed assembly of binary monolayers for use in biosensing.

Surface characterization and adhesion of oxygen plasma-modified LARC-TPI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chin, J.W.; Wightman, J.P.

1992-01-01

LARC-TPI, an aromatic thermoplastic polyimide, was exposed to an oxygen plasma as a surface pretreatment of adhesive bonding. Chemical and physical changes which occurred in the polyimide surface as a result of the plasma treatment were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS), contact angle analysis, ellipsometry and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). A 180{degree} peel test with an acrylate-based pressure sensitive adhesive as a flexible adherend was utilized to study the interactions of the plasma-treated polyimide surface with other polymeric materials. The surface characterization and adhesion testing results showed that the oxygen plasma treatment, whilemore » creating a more hydrophilic, polar surface, also caused chain scission resulting in the formation of a weak boundary layer which inhibited adhesion.« less

Cellulase and alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized in Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films and their molecular-level effects upon contact with cellulose and ethanol.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Dilmer; Camilo, Fernanda Ferraz; Caseli, Luciano

2014-02-25

The key challenges for producing devices based on nanostructured films with control over the molecular architecture are to preserve the catalytic activity of the immobilized biomolecules and to provide a reliable method for determining the intermolecular interactions and the accommodation of molecules at very small scales. In this work, the enzymes cellulase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were coimmobilized with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, and their biological activities were assayed by accommodating the structure formed in contact with cellulose. For this purpose, the polysaccharide was dissolved in an ionic liquid, 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl), and dropped on the top of the hybrid cellulase-ADH-DPPC LB film. The interactions between cellulose and ethanol, which are the catalytic substrates of the enzymes as well as important elements in the production of second-generation fuels, were then investigated using polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Investigation of the secondary structures of the enzymes was performed using PM-IRRAS, through which the presence of ethanol and cellulose was observed to highly affect the structures of ADH and cellulase, respectively. The detection of products formed from the catalyzed reactions as well as the changes of secondary structure of the enzymes immobilization could be carried out, which opens the possibility to produce a means for producing second-generation ethanol using nanoscale arrangements.

Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on a Platinum Electrode Studied by Polarization Modulated FT-IRRAS (Fourier Transform - IR Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy). I. CO Adsorbed in the Double Layer Potential Region and Its Oxidation in Acids.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

TR-B N888i4-82-C- 8583 UNCLASSIFIED F/G 7/4 N C 11101106 il iii 3 6 2 0 o 1 1.25 i 111 6 - (f11 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF...this report) Unclassified ISO . DECLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 4 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report) Approved for public release

Advanced Techniques for Transmutation Compensation of Extrinsic Silicon Detectors.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

generally better than 1..2 R . EPR Spectrometer NMicroscopic defect structure is determined by elec- tron paramagnetic resonance (HIlP ) or, as it is more...cnm- monly known, elet ron spin resonance ( I;R . The 1,S R instrument used for th(,se experimnents is -I COllVttiOl1l1 X-band (9 (;ll:) SpectroletoPr...226 75. DLTS electron traps in n-type neutron irra- diated Si as a function of isohronal anneals (100 Hz, th = 1.8 x 1015 n

IRRA at TREC 2009: Index Term Weighting based on Divergence From Independence Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

weighting scheme ( Salton and Buckley, 1988), where TF stands for the term frequency and IDF stands for the inverse document frequency. In contrast to TF...IDF is a collection dependent factor, which identifies the terms that concentrates in a few documents of the collection. Salton and Buckley (1988...chapter 4, pages 35–56. Butterworths, Oxford, UK, 1981. G. Salton and C. Buckley. Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. In Information Processing and Management, pages 513–523, 1988. 15

Some Applications of Surface Raman and Infrared Spectroscopies to Mechanistic Electrochemistry Involved Adsorbed Species.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-25

xidation (see text). linear sweep voltametry .12 A few representative spectra, obtained during the electrooxidation bf methanol on platium (25 4 C130H + 0.1...liner sweep veltammery. W4ktAAA.T roZ A 1AISINAC, SCUWSI CiASS#CAIOI. I Sma Ass Me* LIS) lUwas1 YA D POW 1473. gsea &M 009 0 Meel n we we t 6hff SSOem...outlined, employing optical multichannel analyzer and Fourier transform instrumentation for SERS and IRRAS, respectively, in conjunction with linear sweep

Co-adsorption of oxygen and formic acid on rutile TiO2 (110) studied by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattsson, Andreas; Österlund, Lars

2017-09-01

Adsorption of formic acid and co-adsorption with oxygen have been investigated on the rutile TiO2(110) surface using p- and s-polarized infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) at O2 exposures between 45 L to 8100 L and at temperatures between 273 K and 343 K. On the clean surface formic acid dissociates into a formate ion (formate) and a proton. Formate binds to two five-fold coordinated Ti atoms in the troughs along the [001] direction, and the proton binds to neighboring bridging O atoms. Exposure of adsorbed formate to O2 leads to a decrease in the asymmetric νas(OCO) band at 1532 cm-1 and to the concomitant formation of a new vibration band at 1516 cm-1. From the s-and p-polarized IRRAS measurements performed at different O2 exposures, surface pre-treatments and substrate temperatures, and by comparisons with previous reports, we conclude that the new species is a bidentate surface hydrogen carbonate, which is formed by reaction between formate and oxygen adatoms on the surface. The σv reflection plane of the surface hydrogen carbonate molecule is oriented along the [001] direction, i.e. the same direction as the adsorbed formate molecule. On the clean TiO2(110) surface exposed to O2 prior to formic acid adsorption, similar results are obtained. The reaction rate to form surface hydrogen carbonate from formate is found to follow first-order kinetics, with an apparent activation energy of Er=0.25 eV.

Sucrose esters as biocompatible surfactants for penetration enhancement: An insight into the mechanism of penetration enhancement studied using stratumcorneum model lipids and Langmuir monolayers.

PubMed

Todosijević, Marija N; Brezesinski, Gerald; Savić, Snežana D; Neubert, Reinhard H H

2017-03-01

Up to now, the molecular mechanism of the penetration enhancing effect of sucrose esters (SEs) on stratumcorneum (SC) has not been explained in details. In this study, variety of surface sensitive techniques, including surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), have been used to investigate interactions between SEs and SC intercellular lipids. A monolayer of the mixture of ceramide AS C18:18, stearic acid and cholesterol in the molar ratio of 1:1:0.7 on an aqueous subphase is a good model to mimic a single layer of intercellular SC lipids. The π-A isotherms of mixed monolayers and parameters derived from the curves demonstrated the interaction between nonionic surfactants such as SEs and SC lipids. With increasing SE concentration, the resultant monolayer films became more fluid and better compressible. IRRAS measurements showed that SEs disordered the acyl chains of SC lipids, and the BAM images demonstrated the modification of the domain structures in SC monolayers. Longer chain-SE has a stronger disordering effect and is better miscible with ceramides in comparison to SE with a shorter hydrophobic part. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the disordering effect of SEs on the biomimetic SC model, pointing out that small changes in the structure of surfactant may have a strong influence on a penetration enhancement of lipophilic drugs through intercellular lipids of skin. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Impact of two different saponins on the organization of model lipid membranes.

PubMed

Korchowiec, Beata; Gorczyca, Marcelina; Wojszko, Kamila; Janikowska, Maria; Henry, Max; Rogalska, Ewa

2015-10-01

Saponins, naturally occurring plant compounds are known for their biological and pharmacological activity. This activity is strongly related to the amphiphilic character of saponins that allows them to aggregate in aqueous solution and interact with membrane components. In this work, Langmuir monolayer techniques combined with polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and Brewster angle microscopy were used to study the interaction of selected saponins with lipid model membranes. Two structurally different saponins were used: digitonin and a commercial Merck Saponin. Membranes of different composition, namely, cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) were formed at the air/water and air/saponin solution interfaces. The saponin-lipid interaction was characterized by changes in surface pressure, surface potential, surface morphology and PM-IRRAS signal. Both saponins interact with model membranes and change the physical state of membranes by perturbing the lipid acyl chain orientation. The changes in membrane fluidity were more significant upon the interaction with Merck Saponin. A higher affinity of saponins for cholesterol than phosphatidylglycerols was observed. Moreover, our results indicate that digitonin interacts strongly with cholesterol and solubilize the cholesterol monolayer at higher surface pressures. It was shown, that digitonin easily penetrate to the cholesterol monolayer and forms a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl groups. These findings might be useful in further understanding of the saponin action at the membrane interface and of the mechanism of membrane lysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid SAMs on gold: comparison with SAMs derived from thiophenol, 4-mercaptophenol, and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid.

PubMed

Barriet, David; Yam, Chi Ming; Shmakova, Olga E; Jamison, Andrew C; Lee, T Randall

2007-08-14

We report the formation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) derived from the adsorption of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) on gold. For comparison, SAMs derived from the adsorption of thiophenol (TP), 4-mercaptophenol (MP), and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) were also examined. The structure and properties of the SAMs were evaluated by ellipsometry, contact-angle goniometry, polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, ellipsometry was used to assess the formation of monolayer films, and contact angle measurements were used to determine the surface hydrophilicity and homogeneity. Separately, PM-IRRAS was used to evaluate the molecular composition and orientation as well as the intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the SAMs. Finally, XPS was used to evaluate the film composition and surface coverage (i.e., packing density), which was observed to increase in the following order: TP < MP < MPBA < MBA. A rationalization for the observed packing differences is presented. The XPS data indicate further that ultrahigh vacuum conditions induce the partial dehydration of MPBA SAMs with the concomitant formation of surface boronic anhydride species. Overall, the analytical data collectively show that the MPBA moieties in the SAMs exist in the acid form rather than the anhydride form under ambient laboratory conditions. Furthermore, stability studies find that MPBA SAMs are surprisingly labile in basic solution, where the terminal B-C bonds are cleaved by the attack of hydroxide ion and strongly basic amine nucleophiles. The unanticipated lability observed here should be considered by those wishing to use MPBA moieties in carbohydrate-sensing applications.

Algal polysaccharides as matrices for the immobilization of urease in lipid ultrathin films studied with tensiometry and vibrational spectroscopy: Physical-chemical properties and implications in the enzyme activity.

PubMed

de Brito, Audrey Kalinouski; Nordi, Cristina S F; Caseli, Luciano

2015-11-01

Currently, many biological substances extracted from algae have received special attention because of their intrinsic characteristics, which can be applied to different areas of biotechnology. Therefore, in the current study, exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the microalgae Cryptomonas tetrapirenoidosa were employed as an aqueous subphase of a monolayer formed by the lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB). The primary objective of this approach was to evaluate whether EPS could serve as a matrix for the immobilization of the enzyme urease to produce biosensors for urea. After DODAB was spread on the EPS solutions, urease was injected into the aqueous subphase, and the surface was submitted to compression using lateral barriers. The monolayers were subsequently characterized by surface pressure-area isotherms and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The results indicated that EPS enhanced the adsorption of the enzyme on the lipid monolayer. The mixed films were later transferred to solid supports using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and were characterized by transfer ratio, PM-IRRAS, quartz crystal microbalance, and atomic force microscopy. The immobilization of the enzyme on solid supports was fundamental for providing an ideal geometrical accommodation of urease because the interaction of EPS with urease in solution causes a decrease of the relative activity of urease. Therefore, these LB films are promising for the fabrication of future urea biosensors, the architecture of which can be manipulated and enhanced at the molecular level. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Supra-molecular networks for CO2 capture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadowski, Jerzy; Kestell, John

Utilizing capabilities of low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) for non-destructive interrogation of the real-time molecular self-assembly, we have investigated supramolecular systems based on carboxylic acid-metal complexes, such as trimesic and mellitic acid, doped with transition metals. Such 2D networks can act as host systems for transition-metal phthalocyanines (MPc; M = Fe, Ti, Sc). The electrostatic interactions of CO2 molecules with transition metal ions can be tuned by controlling the type of TM ion and the size of the pore in the host network. We further applied infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) to determine of the molecular orientation of the functional groups and the whole molecule in the 2D monolayers of carboxylic acid. The kinetics and mechanism of the CO2 adsorption/desorption on the 2D molecular network, with and without the TM ion doping, have been also investigated. This research used resources of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, which is the U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.

Polarization-modulated FTIR spectroscopy of lipid/gramicidin monolayers at the air/water interface.

PubMed Central

Ulrich, W P; Vogel, H

1999-01-01

Monolayers of gramicidin A, pure and in mixtures with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), were studied in situ at the air/H2O and air/D2O interfaces by polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Simulations of the entire set of amide I absorption modes were also performed, using complete parameter sets for different conformations based on published normal mode calculations. The structure of gramicidin A in the DMPC monolayer could clearly be assigned to a beta6.3 helix. Quantitative analysis of the amide I bands revealed that film pressures of up to 25-30 mN/m the helix tilt angle from the vertical in the pure gramicidin A layer exceeded 60 degrees. A marked dependence of the peptide orientation on the applied surface pressure was observed for the mixed lipid-peptide monolayers. At low pressure the helix lay flat on the surface, whereas at high pressures the helix was oriented almost parallel to the surface normal. PMID:10049344

Ambient pressure XPS and IRRAS investigation of ethanol steam reforming on Ni–CeO 2(111) catalysts: An in situ study of C–C and O–H bond scission

DOE PAGES

Liu, Zongyuan; Duchon, Tomas; Wang, Huanru; ...

2016-03-31

Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS) have been used to elucidate the active sites and mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming reaction (ESR) over Ni–CeO 2(111) model catalysts. Our results reveal that surface layers of the ceria substrate are both highly reduced and hydroxylated under reaction conditions while the small supported Ni nanoparticles are present as Ni 0/NixC. A multifunctional, synergistic role is highlighted in which Ni, CeO x and the interface provide an ensemble effect in the active chemistry that leads to H 2. Ni 0 is the active phase leading tomore » both C–C and C–H bond cleavage in ethanol and it is also responsible for carbon accumulation. On the other hand, CeO x is important for the deprotonation of ethanol/water to ethoxy and OH intermediates. The active state of CeO x is a Ce 3+(OH) x compound that results from extensive reduction by ethanol and the efficient dissociation of water. Additionally, we gain an important insight into the stability and selectivity of the catalyst by its effective water dissociation, where the accumulation of surface carbon can be mitigated by the increased presence of surface OH groups. As a result, the co-existence and cooperative interplay of Ni 0 and Ce 3+(OH) x through a metal–support interaction facilitate oxygen transfer, activation of ethanol/water as well as the removal of coke.« less

Adsorption of GST-PI3Kgamma at the air-buffer interface and at substrate and nonsubstrate phospholipid monolayers.

PubMed

Hermelink, Antje; Kirsch, Cornelia; Klinger, Reinhard; Reiter, Gerald; Brezesinski, Gerald

2009-02-01

The recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) to the cell membrane is a crucial requirement for the initiation of inflammation cascades by second-messenger production. In addition to identifying other regulation pathways, it has been found that PI3Kgamma is able to bind phospholipids directly. In this study, the adsorption behavior of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PI3Kgamma to nonsubstrate model phospholipids, as well as to commercially available substrate inositol phospholipids (phosphoinositides), was investigated by use of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The nonsubstrate phospholipid monolayers also yielded important information about structural requirements for protein adsorption. The enzyme did not interact with condensed zwitterionic or anionic monolayers; however, it could penetrate into uncompressed fluid monolayers. Compression to values above its equilibrium pressure led to a squeezing out and desorption of the protein. Protein affinity for the monolayer surface increased considerably when the lipid had an anionic headgroup and contained an arachidonoyl fatty acyl chain in sn-2 position. Similar results on a much higher level were observed with substrate phosphoinositides. No structural response of GST-PI3Kgamma to lipid interaction was detected by IRRAS. On the other hand, protein adsorption caused a condensing effect in phosphoinositide monolayers. In addition, the protein reduced the charge density at the interface probably by shifting the pK values of the phosphate groups attached to the inositol headgroups. Because of their strongly polar headgroups, an interaction of the inositides with the water molecules of the subphase can be expected. This interaction is disturbed by protein adsorption, causing the ionization state of the phosphates to change.

Adsorption of GST-PI3Kγ at the Air-Buffer Interface and at Substrate and Nonsubstrate Phospholipid Monolayers

PubMed Central

Hermelink, Antje; Kirsch, Cornelia; Klinger, Reinhard; Reiter, Gerald; Brezesinski, Gerald

2009-01-01

The recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) to the cell membrane is a crucial requirement for the initiation of inflammation cascades by second-messenger production. In addition to identifying other regulation pathways, it has been found that PI3Kγ is able to bind phospholipids directly. In this study, the adsorption behavior of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PI3Kγ to nonsubstrate model phospholipids, as well as to commercially available substrate inositol phospholipids (phosphoinositides), was investigated by use of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The nonsubstrate phospholipid monolayers also yielded important information about structural requirements for protein adsorption. The enzyme did not interact with condensed zwitterionic or anionic monolayers; however, it could penetrate into uncompressed fluid monolayers. Compression to values above its equilibrium pressure led to a squeezing out and desorption of the protein. Protein affinity for the monolayer surface increased considerably when the lipid had an anionic headgroup and contained an arachidonoyl fatty acyl chain in sn-2 position. Similar results on a much higher level were observed with substrate phosphoinositides. No structural response of GST-PI3Kγ to lipid interaction was detected by IRRAS. On the other hand, protein adsorption caused a condensing effect in phosphoinositide monolayers. In addition, the protein reduced the charge density at the interface probably by shifting the pK values of the phosphate groups attached to the inositol headgroups. Because of their strongly polar headgroups, an interaction of the inositides with the water molecules of the subphase can be expected. This interaction is disturbed by protein adsorption, causing the ionization state of the phosphates to change. PMID:19186139

V-Shaped Molecular Configuration of Wax Esters of Jojoba Oil in a Langmuir Film Model.

PubMed

Caruso, Benjamín; Martini, M Florencia; Pickholz, Mónica; Perillo, María A

2018-06-19

The aim of the present work was to understand the interfacial properties of a complex mixture of wax esters (WEs) obtained from Jojoba oil (JO). Previously, on the basis of molecular area measurements, a hairpin structure was proposed as the hypothetical configuration of WEs, allowing their organization as compressible monolayers at the air-water interface. In the present work, we contributed with further experimental evidence by combining surface pressure (π), surface potential (Δ V), and PM-IRRAS measurements of JO monolayers and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) on a modified JO model. WEs were self-assembled in Langmuir films. Compression isotherms exhibited π lift-off at 100 Å 2 /molecule mean molecular area ( A lift-off ) and a collapse point at π c ≈ 2.2 mN/m and A c ≈ 77 Å 2 /molecule. The Δ V profile reflected two dipolar reorganizations, with one of them at A > A lift-off due to the release of loosely bound water molecules and another one at A c < A < A lift-off possibly due to reorientations of a more tightly bound water population. This was consistent with the maximal SP value that was calculated according to a model that considered two populations of oriented water and was very close to the experimental value. The orientation of the ester group that was assumed in that calculation was coherent with the PM-IRRAS behavior of the carbonyl group with the C═O oriented toward the water and the C-O oriented parallel to the surface and was in accordance with their orientational angles (∼45 and ∼90°, respectively) determined by MD simulations. Taken together, the present results confirm a V shape rather than a hairpin configuration of WEs at the air-water interface.

Controlling the Charge State and Redox Properties of Supported Polyoxometalates via Soft Landing of Mass Selected Ions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gunaratne, Kalupathirannehelage Don D.; Johnson, Grant E.; Andersen, Amity

2014-12-04

We investigate the controlled deposition of Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) anions, PMo12O403- and PMo12O402-, onto different self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces via soft landing of mass-selected ions. Utilizing in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), ex situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electronic structure calculations, we examine the structure and charge retention of supported multiply-charged POM anions and characterize the redox properties of the modified surfaces. SAMs of alkylthiol (HSAM), perfluorinated alkylthiol (FSAM), and alkylthiol terminated with NH3+ functional groups (NH3+SAM) are chosen as model substrates for soft landing to examine the factors which influence the immobilization and charge retention of multiply chargedmore » anionic molecules. The distribution of charge states of POMs on different SAM surfaces are determined by comparing the IRRAS spectra with vibrational spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT). In contrast to the results obtained previously for multiply charged cations, soft landed anions are found to retain charge on all three SAM surfaces. This charge retention is attributed to the substantial electron binding energy of the POM anions. Investigation of redox properties by CV reveals that, while surfaces prepared by soft landing exhibit similar features to those prepared by adsorption of POM from solution, the soft landed POM2- has a pronounced shift in oxidation potential compared to POM3- for one of the redox couples. These results demonstrate that ion soft landing is uniquely suited for precisely controlled preparation of substrates with specific electronic and chemical properties that cannot be achieved using conventional deposition techniques.« less

Features of morfological changes in primary thyroid gland CTLL cultures of rats descendants prenatally exposed by radioisotopes of iodine-131.

PubMed

Boiko, O A; Lavrenchuk, H Yo; Lypska, A I; Talko, V V; Asmolkov, V S

2017-12-01

to investigate morphological changes in the primary thyroid cell culture of rat infants whose parents were prenatally exposed by radioisotope iodine 131. obtaining and culturing of thyroid tissue primary cell cultures of newborn rats, cytological (receipt and analysis of cell cultures agents for optical microscopy), biophysical (flow cytometry), statistics. It was shown that cells in thyroid primary culture of offspring rats prenatally exposed by radioisotopes of iodine 131 signs of destructive degenerative changes were observed mostly when animals of both sexes were irra diated. Increased number of two and three nuclear cells and induction of ring like cells is an evidence of signifi cant genotoxic violation and points to the genome instability in offspring of animals exposed by radioisotope iodine 131. Analysis and quantitative morphological parameters of cells in thyroid primary culture of newborn rats whose parents were exposed prenatally by radioisotopes of iodine 131 showed that upon exposure to radiation thy roid undergoes destructive changes at the cellular level and, even in the second generation of offspring, leads to disruption of its functions. O. A. Boiko, H. Yo. Lavrenchuk, A. I. Lypska, V. V. Talko, V. S. Asmolkov.

Electrochemical modification of nickel surfaces for efficient glycerol electrooxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houache, Mohamed S. E.; Cossar, Emily; Ntais, Spyridon; Baranova, Elena A.

2018-01-01

The Glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR) was investigated on nickel electrode in alkaline media following a sinusoidal-wave treatment in a solution of 0.1 M Na2SO4 + 30 mM ascorbic acid. This treatment significantly increased the catalytic activity of Ni towards the GEOR. The electrochemical active surface area showed a six-fold increase, while the current density of glycerol oxidation was enhanced over nine times with a concurrent onset potential decrease by 45 mV. SEM analysis before and after the treatment revealed some morphology changes through the formation of additional grooves and pits on the Ni surface. XPS confirmed that before the treatment, the surface consists of Ni metal in addition to NiO, Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH, whereas after the treatment, 97% of the surface is Ni hydroxide composed of Ni2+ and Ni3+. Chronoamperommetry coupled with in-situ polarization modulation infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) for simultaneous analysis of products on the Ni surface and in the bulk solution showed that the main reaction products on both untreated and treated Ni surfaces are glyceraldehyde, carbonyl, carboxylate ions and some carbon dioxide.

Amyloid-beta-sheet formation at the air-water interface.

PubMed Central

Schladitz, C; Vieira, E P; Hermel, H; Möhwald, H

1999-01-01

An amyloid(1-40) solution rich in coil, turn, and alpha-helix, but poor in beta-sheet, develops monolayers with a high beta-sheet content when spread at the air-water interface. These monolayers are resistant to repeated compression-dilatation cycles and interaction with trifluoroethanol. The secondary structure motifs were detected by circular dichroism (CD) in solution and with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) at the interface. Hydrophobic influences are discussed for the structure conversion in an effort to understand the completely unknown reason for the natural change of the normal prion protein cellular (PrP(C)) into the abnormal prion protein scrapie (PrP(Sc)). PMID:10585952

Interaction of capsaicinoids with cell membrane models does not correlate with pungency of peppers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geraldo, Vananélia P. N.; Ziglio, Analine C.; Gonçalves, Débora; Oliveira, Osvaldo N.

2017-04-01

Mixed monolayers were prepared using phospholipids in order to mimic cell membranes and fractions of capsaicinoids (extracted from Malagueta, Caps-M, and Bhut Jolokia, Caps-B, peppers). According to their surface-pressure isotherms and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectra (PM-IRRAS), weak molecular-level interactions were observed between Caps and phospholipids. Both Caps-M and Caps-B penetrated into the alkyl tail region of the monolayer, interacted with the phosphate group of the phospholipids and affected hydration of their Cdbnd O groups. Since the physiological activity of Caps is not governed solely by interaction with cell membranes, it should require participation of a neuronal membrane receptor, e.g. vanilloid receptor (TRPV1).

Orientational behavior of thin films of poly(3-methylthiophene) on platinium: A FTIR and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, X.Q.; Chen, J.; Hale, P.D.

1988-01-01

Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) have been used to study the orientational behavior of thin films of poly(3-methylthiophene) electrochemically polymerized on a platinum surface. Clear orientational effects, with the thiophene rings predominantly oriented parallel to the platinum surface, were observed when the thickness of the polymer films were within a few hundred /angstrom/A. It was found that more highly ordered films were produced at lower polymerization potential (1.4V vs SCE) than at higher potential (1.8V vs SCE). 5 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Immobilization of biomolecules to plasma polymerized pentafluorophenyl methacrylate.

PubMed

Duque, Luis; Menges, Bernhard; Borros, Salvador; Förch, Renate

2010-10-11

Thin films of plasma polymerized pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (pp-PFM) offer highly reactive ester groups throughout the structure of the film that allow for subsequent reactions with different aminated reagents and biological molecules. The present paper follows on from previous work on the plasma deposition of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFM) for optimum functional group retention (Francesch, L.; Borros, S.; Knoll, W.; Foerch, R. Langmuir 2007, 23, 3927) and reactivity in aqueous solution (Duque, L.; Queralto, N.; Francesch, L.; Bumbu, G. G.; Borros, S.; Berger, R.; Förch, R. Plasma Process. Polym. 2010, accepted for publication) to investigate the binding of a biologically active peptide known to induce cellular adhesion (IKVAV) and of biochemically active proteins such as BSA and fibrinogen. Analyses of the films and of the immobilization of the biomolecules were carried out using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The attachment of the biomolecules on pulsed plasma polymerized pentafluorophenyl methacrylate was monitored using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR). SPR analysis confirmed the presence of immobilized biomolecules on the plasma polymer and was used to determine the mass coverage of the peptide and proteins adsorbed onto the films. The combined analysis of the surfaces suggests the covalent binding of the peptide and proteins to the surface of the pp-PFM.

Revealing thermal behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and its polyethylene glycol blends thin films: Effect of 3-Hydroxyhexanoate comonomer content

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yujing; Noda, Isao; Jung, Young Mee

2018-06-01

The 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) molar fraction has a great effect on the property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx). In the present study, we investigated the influence of HHx comonomer molar fraction on the thermal property of PHBHx with 3.9 mol% (PHBHx3.9) and 13 mol% HHx (PHBHx13) comonomer content and their polyethylene glycol (PEG) blends in thin films by temperature-dependent infrared-reflection absorbance spectroscopy (IRRAS) and two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) analysis. 2D-COS analysis demonstrated that there are two distinct amorphous bands of Cdbnd O stretching of PHBHx13 during the heating process, respectively at 1752 and 1760 cm-1, while PHBHx3.9 only shows one amorphous band at 1756 cm-1. This is due to the increase of HHx content from 3.9 mol % to 13 mol % increases the amorphous state of PHBHx. Furthermore, with incorporation of 30 wt% PEG, an additional amorphous band at 1746 cm-1 was observed in the case of 70/30 PHBHx3.9/PEG during the heating process, while this band was absent in the case of 70/30 PHBHx13/PEG, suggesting that the influence of PEG on PHBH3.9 is different from PHBHx13.

Role of Transmembrane Potential and Defects on the Permeabilization of Lipid Bilayers by Alamethicin, an Ion-Channel-Forming Peptide.

PubMed

Su, ZhangFei; Shodiev, Muzaffar; Leitch, J Jay; Abbasi, Fatemeh; Lipkowski, Jacek

2018-05-29

The insertion and ion-conducting channel properties of alamethicin reconstituted into a 1,2-di- O-phytanyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer floating on the surface of a gold (111) electrode modified with a 1-thio-β-d-glucose (β-Tg) self-assembled monolayer were investigated using a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The hydrophilic β-Tg monolayer separated the bilayer from the gold substrate and created a water-rich spacer region, which better represents natural cell membranes. The EIS measurements acquired information about the membrane resistivity (a measure of membrane porosity), and the PM-IRRAS experiments provided insight into the conformation and orientation of the membrane constituents as a function of the transmembrane potential. The results showed that the presence of alamethicin had a small effect on the conformation and orientation of phospholipid molecules within the bilayer for all studied potentials. In contrast, the alamethicin peptides assumed a surface state, where the helical axes adopted a large tilt angle with respect to the surface normal, at small transmembrane potentials, and inserted into the bilayer at sufficiently negative transmembrane potentials forming pores, which behaved as barrel-stave ion channels for ionic transport across the membrane. The results indicated that insertion of alamethincin peptides into the bilayer was driven by the dipole-field interactions and that the transitions between the inserted and surface states were electrochemically reversible. Additionally, the EIS measurements performed on phospholipid bilayers without alamethicin also showed that the application of negative transmembrane potentials introduces defects into the bilayer. The membrane resistances measured in both the absence and presence of alamethicin show similar dependencies on the electrode potential, suggesting that the insertion of the peptide may also be assisted by the electroporation of the membrane. The findings in this study provide new insights into the mechanism of alamethicin insertion into phospholipid bilayers.

Secondary Structures of Ubiquitin Ions Soft-Landed onto Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Qichi; Laskin, Julia

2016-06-09

The secondary structures of multiply charged ubiquitin ions soft-landed onto self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces were studied using in situ infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Two charge states of ubiquitin, 5+ and 13+, were mass selected separately from a mixture of different charge states produced by electrospray ionization (ESI). The low 5+ charge state represents a native-like folded state of ubiquitin, while the high 13+ charge state assumes an extended, almost linear conformation. Each of the two charge states was soft-landed onto a CH 3- and COOH-terminated SAM of alkylthiols on gold (HSAM and COOH-SAM). HSAM is a hydrophobic surface known tomore » stabilize helical conformations of soft-landed protonated peptides, whereas COOH-SAM is a hydrophilic surface that preferentially stabilizes β-sheet conformations. IRRAS spectra of the soft-landed ubiquitin ions were acquired as a function of time during and after ion soft-landing. Similar to smaller peptide ions, helical conformations of ubiquitin are found to be more abundant on HSAM, while the relative abundance of β-sheet conformations increases on COOH-SAM. The initial charge state of ubiquitin also has a pronounced effect on its conformation on the surface. Specifically, on both surfaces, a higher relative abundance of helical conformations and lower relative abundance of β-sheet conformations is observed for the 13+ charge state compared to the 5+ charge state. Time-resolved experiments indicate that the α-helical band in the spectrum of the 13+ charge state slowly increases with time on the HSAM surface and decreases in the spectrum of the 13+ charge state on COOH-SAM. These results further support the preference of the hydrophobic HSAM surface toward helical conformations and demonstrate that soft-landed protein ions may undergo slow conformational changes during and after deposition.« less

Schistura megalodon species nova, a new river loach from the Irra-waddy basin in Dehong, Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae).

PubMed

Endruweit, Marco

2014-09-01

A new species of river loach, Schistura megalodon sp. nov., is described from the Irrawaddy basin in Yingjiang County, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The following combination of diagnostic characters serve to distinguish it from all other congeners in the given zoogeographical region: a large processus dentiformes in the upper jaw, a short pre-anus length of 65.4%-66.3% of SL, long paired fins (pectoral: 20.8%-24.2% of SL; pelvic: 17.9%-20.6% of SL), a wide body of 9.7%-11.3% of SL at anal fin origin, an incomplete lateral line, the absence of an orbital lobe, and a oad and distinct basicaudal bar with forward extensions.

Monolayer collapse regulating process of adsorption-desorption of palladium nanoparticles at fatty acid monolayers at the air-water interface.

PubMed

Goto, Thiago E; Lopez, Ricardo F; Iost, Rodrigo M; Crespilho, Frank N; Caseli, Luciano

2011-03-15

In this paper, we investigate the affinity of palladium nanoparticles, stabilized with glucose oxidase, for fatty acid monolayers at the air-water interface, exploiting the interaction between a planar system and spheroids coming from the aqueous subphase. A decrease of the monolayer collapse pressure in the second cycle of interface compression proved that the presence of the nanoparticles causes destabilization of the monolayer in a mechanism driven by the interpenetration of the enzyme into the bilayer/multilayer structure formed during collapse, which is not immediately reversible after monolayer expansion. Surface pressure and surface potential-area isotherms, as well as infrared spectroscopy [polarization modulation infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS)] and deposition onto solid plates as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, were employed to construct a model in which the nanoparticle has a high affinity for the hydrophobic core of the structure formed after collapse, which provides a slow desorption rate from the interface after monolayer decompression. This may have important consequences on the interaction between the metallic particles and fatty acid monolayers, which implies the regulation of the multifunctional properties of the hybrid material.

CdSe magic-sized quantum dots incorporated in biomembrane models at the air-water interface composed of components of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells.

PubMed

Goto, Thiago E; Lopes, Carla C; Nader, Helena B; Silva, Anielle C A; Dantas, Noelio O; Siqueira, José R; Caseli, Luciano

2016-07-01

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with stable luminescence that are feasible for biomedical applications, especially for in vivo and in vitro imaging of tumor cells. In this work, we investigated the specific interaction of CdSe MSQDs with tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells using Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of lipids as membrane models for diagnosis of cancerous cells. Surface pressure-area isotherms and polarization modulation reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) showed an intrinsic interaction between the quantum dots, inserted in the aqueous subphase, and Langmuir monolayers constituted either of selected lipids or of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell extracts. The films were transferred to solid supports to obtain microscopic images, providing information on their morphology. Similarity between films with different compositions representing cell membranes, with or without the quantum dots, was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy. This study demonstrates that the affinity of quantum dots for models representing cancer cells permits the use of these systems as devices for cancer diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Schistura megalodon species nova, a new river loach from the Irra-waddy basin in Dehong, Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)

PubMed Central

Endruweit, Marco

2014-01-01

A new species of river loach, Schistura megalodon sp. nov., is described from the Irrawaddy basin in Yingjiang County, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The following combination of diagnostic characters serve to distinguish it from all other congeners in the given zoogeographical region: a large processus dentiformes in the upper jaw, a short pre-anus length of 65.4%-66.3% of SL, long paired fins (pectoral: 20.8%-24.2% of SL; pelvic: 17.9%-20.6% of SL), a wide body of 9.7%-11.3% of SL at anal fin origin, an incomplete lateral line, the absence of an orbital lobe, and a broad and distinct basicaudal bar with forward extensions. PMID:25297074

Interaction of Thermus thermophilus, ArsC enzyme and gold nanoparticles naked-eye assays speciation between As(III) and As(V)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Politi, Jane; Spadavecchia, Jolanda; Fiorentino, Gabriella; Antonucci, Immacolata; Casale, Sandra; De Stefano, Luca

2015-10-01

The thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 encodes chromosomal arsenate reductase (TtArsC), the enzyme responsible for resistance to the harmful effects of arsenic. We report on adsorption of TtArsC onto gold nanoparticles for naked-eye monitoring of biomolecular interaction between the enzyme and arsenic species. Synthesis of hybrid biological-metallic nanoparticles has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and phase modulated infrared reflection absorption (PM-IRRAS) spectroscopies. Molecular interactions have been monitored by UV-vis and Fourier transform-surface plasmon resonance (FT-SPR). Due to the nanoparticles’ aggregation on exposure to metal salts, pentavalent and trivalent arsenic solutions can be clearly distinguished by naked-eye assay, even at 85 μM concentration. Moreover, the assay shows partial selectivity against other heavy metals.

Infrared spectroscopy and surface chemistry of beta-Ga(2)O(3) nanoribbons.

PubMed

Bermudez, V M; Prokes, S M

2007-12-04

The structure and surface chemistry of crystalline beta-Ga2O3 nanoribbons (NRs), deposited in a thin layer on various metallic and dielectric substrates (mainly on Au), have been characterized using vibrational spectroscopy. The results have been analyzed with the aid of a previous ab initio theoretical model for the beta-Ga2O3 surface structure. Raman spectra and normal-incidence infrared (IR) transmission data show little if any difference from corresponding results for bulk single crystals. For a layer formed on a metallic substrate, IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) shows longitudinal-optic (LO) modes that are red-shifted by approximately 37 cm-1 relative to those of a bulk crystal. Evidence is also seen for a bonding interaction at the Ga2O3/Au interface following heating in room air. Polarization-modulated IRRAS has been used to study the adsorption of pyridine under steady-state conditions in ambient pressures as high as approximately 5 Torr. The characteristic nu19b and nu8a modes of adsorbed pyridine exhibit little or no shift from the corresponding gas-phase values. This indicates that the surface is only weakly acidic, consistent with the theoretical prediction that singly unsaturated octahedral Ga sites are the only reactive cation sites on the NR surface. However, evidence for adsorption at defect sites is seen in the form of more strongly shifted modes that saturate in intensity at low pyridine coverage. The effect of H atoms, formed by thermal cracking of H2, has also been studied. No Ga-H or O-H bonds are observed on the pristine NR surface. This suggests that the previously reported presence of such species on Ga2O3 powders heated in H2 is a result of a partial reduction of the oxide surface. The heat of adsorption of atomic H on the pristine beta-Ga2O3(100) surface at 0 K is computed to be -1.79 eV per H at saturation (average of Ga-H and O-H sites), whereas a value of +0.45 eV per H is found for the dissociative adsorption of H2. This suggests that rapid recombinative desorption of H2 may limit the coverage of chemisorbed H on this surface.

Molecular Level Understanding of Interfaces and Excited State Electronic Structure in Organic Solar Cells Using Soft X-ray Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gliboff, Matthew

Transparent conductive oxides like indium tin oxide (ITO) are common substrates for optoelectronic devices, including organic light emitting diodes and organic solar cells. Tailoring the interface between the oxide and the active layer by adjusting the work function or wettability of the oxide can improve the performance of these devices in both emissive and photovoltaic applications. Molecular design of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) allows for a range of surface properties using the same oxide material. The molecular ordering and conformation adopted by the SAMs determine properties such as work function and wettability at these critical interfaces. I use angle-dependent near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, to determine the molecular orientations of a variety of dipolar phosphonic acid surface modifiers. For a model system, phenylphosphonic acid on indium zinc oxide, the SAMs prove to be surprisingly well-oriented, with the phenyl ring adopting a well-defined tilt angle of 12-16° from the surface normal. The NEXAFS results agree with polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) results and orientations calculated from density functional theory (DFT). These results not only provide a detailed picture of the molecular structure of a technologically important class of SAMs, but they also resolve a long-standing ambiguity regarding the vibrational-mode assignments for phosphonic acids on oxide surfaces, thus improving the utility of PM-IRRAS for future studies. The effect of fluorination on the orientation of these phosponic-acid SAMs is non-trivial, due to the combined effects of the fluorination on binding mode and steric packing. The latter effects are found to be more dominant in aliphatic SAMs, leading to a more upright orientation in the fluorinated SAM. In the aromatic case, the fluorinated SAM adopted a less upright orientation which I attribute to changes in binding mode. The relationship between structure and performance in active layer polymers for organic electronics is not yet well understood. To gain insight into the effect of the excited state electronic structure on device performance, we examine two similar donor-acceptor polymers: PCPDTBT and PCDTBT, which produce devices with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 70% and 100% respectively. We use time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in combination with near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and resonant Auger spectroscopy to predict the electronic structure of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The resonant Auger results are found to be independent of film morphology and likely dominated by monomer structure. We show that the degree of LUMO localization onto the benzothiadiazole acceptor group in each polymer is similar, indicating that that the differences in IQE between these two polymers are driven by larger-scale morphology and not explained by the electronic structure of the excited state.

Introducing cymantrene labels into scattering scanning near-field infrared microscopy.

PubMed

Kopf, Ilona; N'Dongo, Harmel W Peindy; Ballout, Fouad; Schatzschneider, Ulrich; Bründermann, Erik; Havenith, Martina

2012-11-07

In this paper we investigate metal-organic compounds as infrared (IR) active labels by scattering scanning near-field infrared microscopy (IR s-SNOM, often also abbreviated as s-SNIM) with a lateral resolution of 90 × 90 nm(2). Tailor-made IR spectroscopic probes based on cymantrene (CpMn(CO)(3) with Cp = η(5)-C(5)H(5)) conjugated to a cysteine-modified pseudoneurotensin (pNT-Cys-OH) peptide were prepared by automated microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and characterized by HPLC, ESI-MS and IR. Well-defined patterned self-assembled monolayers on a gold surface were prepared by microcontact printing of 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) followed by additional incubation in ethanolic solution of the cymantrene-peptide derivative. The self-assembled monolayers have been evidenced by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and AFM. CO laser source radiation was tuned (1944, 1900, 1798 and 1658 cm(-1)) for imaging contrast with good matching correlation between spectroscopic and topographic patterns at specific characteristic metal carbonyl and amide bands (1944 cm(-1) (λ = 5.14 μm) and 1658 cm(-1) (λ = 6.03 μm)). Cymantrene probes provide an attractive method to tag a unique spectroscopic feature on any bio(macro)molecule. Introducing such probes into super-resolution IR s-SNOM will enable molecular tracking and distribution studies even in complex biological systems.

Synthesis and characterization of self-assembled monolayers on gold generated from partially fluorinated alkanethiols and aliphatic dithiocarboxylic acids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colorado, Ramon, Jr.

The formation of novel self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold from the adsorption of four distinct series of partially fluorinated alkanethiols (PFAs) and one series of chelating aliphatic dithiocarboxylic acids (ADTCAs) is reported. The SAMs were characterized by optical ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, polarization modulation infrared absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results for the PFA SAMs provided evidence for both the importance of oriented surface dipoles in influencing interfacial wettabilities and the significance of the degree of fluorination of the PFAs in determining the dispersive interfacial energies of the films. In addition, a series of PFA SAMs was used to demonstrate that the attenuation lengths of photoelectrons in fluorocarbon films are indistinguishable from those in hydrocarbon films. The results for the ADTCA SAMs demonstrated that the use of a chelating headgroup induces structural changes within the monolayers that influence the interfacial properties of the films.

Nano-micro structured superhydrophobic zinc coating on steel for prevention of corrosion and ice adhesion.

PubMed

Brassard, J D; Sarkar, D K; Perron, J; Audibert-Hayet, A; Melot, D

2015-06-01

Thin films of zinc have been deposited on steel substrates by electrodeposition process and further functionalized with ultra-thin films of commercial silicone rubber, in order to obtain superhydrophobic properties. Morphological feature, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), shows that the electrodeposited zinc films are composed of micro-nano rough patterns. Furthermore, chemical compositions of these films have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infra-red (IRRAS). An optimum electrodeposition condition, based on electrical potential and deposition time, has been obtained which provides superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle of 155±1°. The corrosion resistance properties, in artificial seawater, of the superhydrophobic zinc coated steel are found to be superior to bare steel. Similarly, the measured ice adhesion strength on superhydrophobic surfaces, using the centrifugal adhesion test (CAT), is found to be 6.3 times lower as compared to bare steel. This coating has promising applications in offshore environment, to mitigate corrosion and reduce ice adhesion. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nanofibers of Human Tropoelastin-inspired peptides: Structural characterization and biological properties.

PubMed

Secchi, Valeria; Franchi, Stefano; Fioramonti, Marco; Polzonetti, Giovanni; Iucci, Giovanna; Bochicchio, Brigida; Battocchio, Chiara

2017-08-01

Regenerative medicine is taking great advantage from the use of biomaterials in the treatments of a wide range of diseases and injuries. Among other biomaterials, self-assembling peptides are appealing systems due to their ability to spontaneously form nanostructured hydrogels that can be directly injected into lesions. Indeed, self-assembling peptide scaffolds are expected to behave as biomimetic matrices able to surround cells, to promote specific interactions, and to control and modify cell behavior by mimicking the native environment as well. We selected three pentadecapeptides inspired by Human Tropoelastin, a natural protein of the extracellular matrix, expected to show high biocompatibility. Moreover, the here proposed self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are able to spontaneously aggregate in nanofibers in biological environment, as revealed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). Peptides were characterized by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and IRRAS (Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy) both as lyophilized (not aggregated) and as aggregated (nanofibers) samples in order to investigate some potential differences in their chemical composition and intermolecular interactions, and to analyze the surface and interface of nanofibers. Finally, an accurate investigation of the biological properties of the SAPs and of their interaction with cells was performed by culturing for the first time human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) in presence of SAPs. The final aim of this work was to assess if Human Tropoelastin-inspired nanostructured fibers could exert a cytotoxic effect and to evaluate their biocompatibility, cellular adhesion and proliferation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ionization state and structure of l-1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol monolayers at the liquid/air interface.

PubMed

Maltseva, Elena; Shapovalov, Vladimir L; Möhwald, Helmuth; Brezesinski, Gerald

2006-01-19

Phosphatidylglycerols are components of biological membranes. The phase behavior of these phospholipids was extensively investigated. However, there is still no definite picture about the dependence of the ionization state and monolayer structure on subphase composition. The major problem of previous investigations is that none of the methods used allow obtaining the ionization degree directly. In the present work we apply techniques developed in the past decades for Langmuir monolayers: infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) as well as X-ray diffraction and reflectivity techniques, which provide straightforward information about structure and ionization state of a L-1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) monolayer. The Gouy-Chapman model is applied to evaluate the intrinsic pKa. Therewith, the ionization degree can be determined even at low pH values. The experimental titration curves are in good agreement with theoretical curves based on the Gouy-Chapman model. The obtained instrinic pKa amounts to 1. The ionization degree of a DPPG monolayer is independent of the monovalent cation size. In contrast, the structure of a DPPG monolayer is strongly affected by the type of divalent cations.

Synthesis, characterization, and relative stabilities of self-assembled monolayers on gold generated from bidentate n-alkyl xanthic acids.

PubMed

Moore, H Justin; Colorado, Ramon; Lee, Han Ju; Jamison, Andrew C; Lee, T Randall

2013-08-27

A series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold were generated by the adsorption of n-alkyl xanthic acids (NAXAs) having the general formula CH3(CH2)nOCS2H (n = 12-15). The structural features of these SAMs were characterized by optical ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This series of xanthate SAMs were compared to SAMs generated from the corresponding n-alkanethiols and aliphatic dithiocarboxylic acids (ADTCAs). The collected data indicate that the NAXAs generate densely packed and well-ordered monolayers. The contact angles of hexadecane on the xanthate monolayers exhibited a large "odd-even" effect similar to that produced by the ADTCA SAMs. The relative stability of these bidentate xanthate SAMs was evaluated by monitoring the changes in ellipsometric thicknesses and wettability as a function of time under various conditions. The results demonstrate that SAMs formed from NAXAs are much less stable than analogous n-alkanethiolate and ADTCA SAMs.

Study of calixarenes thin films as chemical sensors for the detection of explosives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montmeat, P.; Veignal, F.; Methivier, C.; Pradier, C. M.; Hairault, L.

2014-02-01

Calix(n)arenes (n = 4, 6, 8) are used as sensitive coatings for Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based chemical sensors, and specially for the detection of dinitrotoluene as a model explosive molecule. Calix(n)arenes complex organic architectures were deposited by spray on gold-coated wafer surfaces, and DNT detection tests were performed by measuring both frequency changes and IR spectra during exposure to DNT vapours. The adsorption of DNT on calixarenes surface is proved by Polarisation Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) experiments, which brings a chemical characterisation of the sensing surfaces. Kinetics of interaction of DNT with the surface was measured by QCM. When deposited onto QCM, calixarenes showed an excellent sensitivity to DNT vapours; no significant effect of the size of the cage was observed. The main drawback is the poor reversibility of these sensors, possibly due to a too strong interaction of dinitrotoluene inside the cage of the calixarenes, or to a loss of the ternary structure of these molecules, which in turn induces a loss of interaction strength with host molecules.

Hydroxynaphthoquinone ultrathin films obtained by diazonium electroreduction: toward design of biosensitive electroactive interfaces.

PubMed

March, Gregory; Reisberg, Steeve; Piro, Benoit; Pham, Minh-Chau; Fave, Claire; Noel, Vincent

2010-05-01

Electroactive 2-(phenylsulfanyl)-8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone has been electrodeposited via the reduction of the corresponding diazonium salt on Au electrodes. Surface characterizations by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) reveal that the mechanism of film deposition follows an aryl radical formation and its immobilization on the electrode surface. Electrochemical study shows that the surface coverage can be finely tuned (thickness between one and four layers) by adjusting the potential and the deposition time. By managing the potential applied when reducing diazonium in potentiostatic mode, the formed layer could mediate or not charge transfer. This is the first time that the films obtained by diazonium process are demonstrated to act as mediators in the growth process. Hence, with potentials higher than the formal potential of quinone group, very thin and homogeneous layers are obtained, whereas thicker films are formed when more cathodic potentials than that of quinone are applied. The possibility to manage the charge-transfer kinetics, the thickness, and the homogeneity of electroactive deposits is interesting in the scope of designing electrochemical transducers.

Molecular arrangement of symmetric and non-symmetric triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(isobutylene) at the air/water interface.

PubMed

Fuchs, Christian; Hussain, Hazrat; Schwieger, Christian; Schulz, Matthias; Binder, Wolfgang H; Kressler, Jörg

2015-01-01

The behavior of a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(isobutylene) (PIB); including both symmetric (same degree of polymerization (DP) of the terminal PEO blocks) PEOm-b-PIBn-b-PEOm and non-symmetric (different DP of the terminal PEO blocks) PEOm-b-PIBn-b-PEOz, is investigated at the air/water interface by measuring surface pressure vs mean molecular area isotherms (π vs mmA), Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The block copolymer (PEO32-b-PIB160-b-PEO32) with longer PEO segments forms a stable monolayer and the isotherm reveals a pseudo-plateau starting at π∼5.7 mN/m, also observed in the IRRAS, which is assigned to the pancake-to-brush transition related to the PEO dissolution into the subphase and subsequent PEO brush dehydration. Another plateau is observed at π∼40 mN/m, which is attributed to the film collapse due to multilayer formation. The pancake-to-brush transition could not be observed for samples with smaller PEO chains. The isotherms for block copolymers, with short PEO chains, both symmetric (PEO3-b-PIBn-b-PEO3) and non-symmetric (PEO12-b-PIBn-b-PEO3), reveal another transition at π∼20-25 mN/m. This is interpreted to be due to the conformational transition from a folded state where the middle PIB block is anchored to the water surface at both ends by the terminal hydrophilic segments to an unfolded state with PIB anchored to the water surface at one end. It is assumed that this transition involves the removal of PEO3 chains from the water surface in case of non-symmetric PEO12-b-PIB85-b-PEO3 and in case of symmetric, probably one PEO3 of each PEO3-b-PIB85-b-PEO3 chain. Because of the weaker interaction of the short PEO3 chains with the water surface as compared with the relatively longer PEO12 chains, the film of PEO3-b-PIB85-b-PEO3 collapses at much lower surface pressure after the transition as compared with the PEO12-b-PIB85-b-PEO3. The AFM images reveal the formation of microdomains of almost uniform height (6-7 nm) in LB films of PEO3-b-PIB85-b-PEO3 and PEO12-b-PIB85-b-PEO3 after transferring onto silicon surfaces. These domains are assumed to be the mesomorphic domains of ordered and folded PIB chains. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol on CeO x/Cu(111) and ZnO/Cu(111) catalysts: Role of the metal-oxide interface and importance of Ce 3+ sites

DOE PAGES

Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Ramirez, Pedro J.; Waluyo, Iradwikanari; ...

2016-01-06

The role of the interface between a metal and oxide (CeO x–Cu and ZnO–Cu) is critical to the production of methanol through the hydrogenation of CO 2 (CO 2 + 3H 2 → CH 3OH + H 2O). The deposition of nanoparticles of CeO x or ZnO on Cu(111), θ oxi < 0.3 monolayer, produces highly active catalysts for methanol synthesis. The catalytic activity of these systems increases in the sequence: Cu(111) < ZnO/Cu(111) < CeO x/Cu(111). The apparent activation energy for the CO 2 → CH 3OH conversion decreases from 25 kcal/mol on Cu(111) to 16 kcal/mol on ZnO/Cu(111)more » and 13 kcal/mol on CeO x/Cu(111). The surface chemistry of the highly active CeO x–Cu(111) interface was investigated using ambient pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS). Both techniques point to the formation of formates (HCOO –) and carboxylates (CO 2 δ–) during the reaction. Our results show an active state of the catalyst rich in Ce 3+ sites which stabilize a CO 2 δ– species that is an essential intermediate for the production of methanol. Furthermore, the inverse oxide/metal configuration favors strong metal–oxide interactions and makes possible reaction channels not seen in conventional metal/oxide catalysts.« less

Self-assembled monolayers of 1-alkenes on oxidized platinum surfaces as platforms for immobilized enzymes for biosensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alonso, Jose Maria; Bielen, Abraham A. M.; Olthuis, Wouter; Kengen, Servé W. M.; Zuilhof, Han; Franssen, Maurice C. R.

2016-10-01

Alkene-based self-assembled monolayers grafted on oxidized Pt surfaces were used as a scaffold to covalently immobilize oxidase enzymes, with the aim to develop an amperometric biosensor platform. NH2-terminated organic layers were functionalized with either aldehyde (CHO) or N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester-derived groups, to provide anchoring points for enzyme immobilization. The functionalized Pt surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static water contact angle (CA), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Glucose oxidase (GOX) was covalently attached to the functionalized Pt electrodes, either with or without additional glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The responses of the acquired sensors to glucose concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 mM were monitored by chronoamperometry. Furthermore, lactate oxidase (LOX) and human hydroxyacid oxidase (HAOX) were successfully immobilized onto the PtOx surface platform. The performance of the resulting lactate sensors was investigated for lactate concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 20 mM. The successful attachment of active enzymes (GOX, LOX and HAOX) on Pt electrodes demonstrates that covalently functionalized PtOx surfaces provide a universal platform for the development of oxidase enzyme-based sensors.

Tribology and stability of organic monolayers on CrN: a comparison among silane, phosphonate, alkene, and alkyne chemistries.

PubMed

Pujari, Sidharam P; Li, Yan; Regeling, Remco; Zuilhof, Han

2013-08-20

The fabrication of chemically and mechanically stable monolayers on the surfaces of various inorganic hard materials is crucial to the development of biomedical/electronic devices. In this Article, monolayers based on the reactivity of silane, phosphonate, 1-alkene, and 1-alkyne moieties were obtained on the hydroxyl-terminated chromium nitride surface. Their chemical stability and tribology were systematically investigated. The chemical stability of the modified CrN surfaces was tested in aqueous media at 60 °C at pH 3, 7, and 11 and monitored by static water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS). The tribological properties of the resulting organic monolayers with different end groups (fluorinated or nonfluorinated) were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the fluorinated monolayers exhibit a dramatic reduction of adhesion and friction force as well as excellent wear resistance compared to those of nonfluorinated coatings and bare CrN substrates. The combination of remarkable chemical stability and superior tribological properties makes these fluorinated monolayers promising candidates for the development of robust high-performance devices.

Immobilization of Protein A on SAMs for the elaboration of immunosensors.

PubMed

Briand, Elisabeth; Salmain, Michèle; Compère, Chantal; Pradier, Claire-Marie

2006-12-01

Binary mixtures of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and other thiols of various lengths and terminal functions were chemisorbed on gold-coated surfaces via S-Au bonds to form mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Several values of the mole fraction of MUA in the thiol mixtures were tested and the structure and composition of the resulted thin films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The results made it clear that co-adsorption of MUA with thiols of similar chain length led to well-ordered monolayers whereas the co-adsorption of MUA with shorter thiols yielded less crystalline-like thin films, but with more reactive carboxylic acid terminal groups. This criterion appeared decisive for efficient covalent binding of Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (PrA), a protein that displays high affinity for the constant fragment (Fc) of antibodies of the IgG type from various mammal species. The ability of immobilized Protein A to recognize and bind a model IgG appeared to be optimal for the mixed SAM of MUA and the short-chain, omega-hydroxythiol 6-mercaptohexanol in the proportion 1-3.

Formation of Me-O-Si covalent bonds at the interface between polysilazane and stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amouzou, Dodji; Fourdrinier, Lionel; Maseri, Fabrizio; Sporken, Robert

2014-11-01

In earlier works, we demonstrated the potential of polysilazane (PSZ) coatings for a use as insulating layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells prepared on steels substrates and showed a good adhesion between PSZ coatings and both AISI316 and AISI430 steels. In the present paper, spectroscopic techniques are used to elucidate the reason of such adhesion. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate surfaces for the two steel substrates and showed the presence of metal oxides and metal hydroxides at the top surface. XPS has been also used to probe interfaces between substrates and PSZ, and metallosiloxane (Me-O-Si) covalent bonds have been detected. These results were confirmed by Infra-Red Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) analyses since vibrations related to Cr-O-Si and Fe-O-Si compounds were detected. Thus, the good adhesion between steel substrates and PSZ coatings was explained by covalent bonding through chemical reactions between PSZ precursors and hydroxide functional groups present on top surface of the two types of steel. Based on these results, an adhesion mechanism between steel substrates and PSZ coatings is proposed.

Immobilization of magnetic nanoparticles onto conductive surfaces modified by diazonium chemistry.

PubMed

Ktari, Nadia; Quinson, Jonathan; Teste, Bruno; Siaugue, Jean-Michel; Kanoufi, Frédéric; Combellas, Catherine

2012-08-28

Core-shell γ-Fe(2)O(3)@SiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) substituted by PEG and NH(2) groups may be immobilized on metal surfaces (glassy carbon or gold) substituted by 4-carboxyphenyl groups through electrostatic interactions. Such immobilization is evidenced by (i) IRRAS owing to the Si-O band, (ii) SEM images, which show that the surface coverage by the NPs is nearly 100%, and (iii) the NPs film thickness measured by ellipsometry or AFM, which corresponds to about one NPs monolayer. Such NPs film is permeable to redox probes, which allows us to propose electrochemical methods based on direct or local measurements as a way to inspect the NPs assembly steps through their ability to alter mass and charge transfer. This process also applies to patterned polystyrene surfaces, and selective immobilization of NPs substituted by amino groups was carried out onto submillimeter patterns obtained by local oxidation. Biological applications are then expected for hyperthermia activation of the NPs to trigger cellular death. Finally, some tests were performed to further derivatize the immobilized NPs onto surfaces through either a covalent bond or electrostatic interactions. Future work will be dedicated to the recovery of such Janus NPs from the substrate surface.

Ionization state of L-phenylalanine at the air-water interface.

PubMed

Griffith, Elizabeth C; Vaida, Veronica

2013-01-16

The ionization state of organic molecules at the air-water interface and the related problem of the surface pH of water have significant consequences on the catalytic role of the surface in chemical reactions and are currently areas of intense research and controversy. In this work, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is used to identify changes in the ionization state of L-phenylalanine in the surface region versus the bulk aqueous solution. L-phenylalanine has the unique advantage of possessing two different hydrophilic groups, a carboxylic acid and an amine base, which can deprotonate and protonate respectively depending on the ionic environment they experience at the water surface. In this work, the polar group vibrations in the surface region are identified spectroscopically in varying bulk pH solutions, and are subsequently compared with the ionization state of the polar groups of molecules residing in the bulk environment. The polar groups of L-phenylalanine at the surface transition to their deprotonated state at bulk pH values lower than the molecules residing in the bulk, indicating a decrease in their pK(a) at the surface, and implying an enhanced hydroxide ion concentration in the surface region relative to the bulk.

Micropatterned ferrocenyl monolayers covalently bound to hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces: effects of pattern size on the cyclic voltammetry and capacitance characteristics.

PubMed

Fabre, Bruno; Pujari, Sidharam P; Scheres, Luc; Zuilhof, Han

2014-06-24

The effect of the size of patterns of micropatterned ferrocene (Fc)-functionalized, oxide-free n-type Si(111) surfaces was systematically investigated by electrochemical methods. Microcontact printing with amine-functionalized Fc derivatives was performed on a homogeneous acid fluoride-terminated alkenyl monolayer covalently bound to n-type H-terminated Si surfaces to give Fc patterns of different sizes (5 × 5, 10 × 10, and 20 × 20 μm(2)), followed by backfilling with n-butylamine. These Fc-micropatterned surfaces were characterized by static water contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The charge-transfer process between the Fc-micropatterned and underlying Si interface was subsequently studied by cyclic voltammetry and capacitance. By electrochemical studies, it is evident that the smallest electroactive ferrocenyl patterns (i.e., 5 × 5 μm(2) squares) show ideal surface electrochemistry, which is characterized by narrow, perfectly symmetric, and intense cyclic voltammetry and capacitance peaks. In this respect, strategies are briefly discussed to further improve the development of photoswitchable charge storage microcells using the produced redox-active monolayers.

Methanol Adsorption and Reaction on Samaria Thin Films on Pt(111).

PubMed

Jhang, Jin-Hao; Schaefer, Andreas; Zielasek, Volkmar; Weaver, Jason F; Bäumer, Marcus

2015-09-17

We investigated the adsorption and reaction of methanol on continuous and discontinuous films of samarium oxide (SmO x ) grown on Pt(111) in ultrahigh vacuum. The methanol decomposition was studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), while structural changes of the oxide surface were monitored by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Methanol dehydrogenates to adsorbed methoxy species on both the continuous and discontinuous SmO x films, eventually leading to the desorption of CO and H₂ which desorbs at temperatures in the range 400-600 K. Small quantities of CO₂ are also detected mainly on as-prepared Sm₂O₃ thin films, but the production of CO₂ is limited during repeated TPD runs. The discontinuous film exhibits the highest reactivity compared to the continuous film and the Pt(111) substrate. The reactivity of methanol on reduced and reoxidized films was also investigated, revealing how SmO x structures influence the chemical behavior. Over repeated TPD experiments, a SmO x structural/chemical equilibrium condition is found which can be approached either from oxidized or reduced films. We also observed hydrogen absence in TPD which indicates that hydrogen is stored either in SmO x films or as OH groups on the SmO x surfaces.

Methanol Adsorption and Reaction on Samaria Thin Films on Pt(111)

PubMed Central

Jhang, Jin-Hao; Schaefer, Andreas; Zielasek, Volkmar; Weaver, Jason F.; Bäumer, Marcus

2015-01-01

We investigated the adsorption and reaction of methanol on continuous and discontinuous films of samarium oxide (SmOx) grown on Pt(111) in ultrahigh vacuum. The methanol decomposition was studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), while structural changes of the oxide surface were monitored by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Methanol dehydrogenates to adsorbed methoxy species on both the continuous and discontinuous SmOx films, eventually leading to the desorption of CO and H2 which desorbs at temperatures in the range 400–600 K. Small quantities of CO2 are also detected mainly on as-prepared Sm2O3 thin films, but the production of CO2 is limited during repeated TPD runs. The discontinuous film exhibits the highest reactivity compared to the continuous film and the Pt(111) substrate. The reactivity of methanol on reduced and reoxidized films was also investigated, revealing how SmOx structures influence the chemical behavior. Over repeated TPD experiments, a SmOx structural/chemical equilibrium condition is found which can be approached either from oxidized or reduced films. We also observed hydrogen absence in TPD which indicates that hydrogen is stored either in SmOx films or as OH groups on the SmOx surfaces. PMID:28793562

Rubber particle proteins REF1 and SRPP1 interact differently with native lipids extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex.

PubMed

Wadeesirisak, Kanthida; Castano, Sabine; Berthelot, Karine; Vaysse, Laurent; Bonfils, Frédéric; Peruch, Frédéric; Rattanaporn, Kittipong; Liengprayoon, Siriluck; Lecomte, Sophie; Bottier, Céline

2017-02-01

Rubber particle membranes from the Hevea latex contain predominantly two proteins, REF1 and SRPP1 involved in poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) synthesis or rubber quality. The repartition of both proteins on the small or large rubber particles seems to differ, but their role in the irreversible coagulation of the rubber particle is still unknown. In this study we highlighted the different modes of interactions of both recombinant proteins with different classes of lipids extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex, and defined as phospholipids (PL), glycolipids (GL) and neutral lipids (NL). We combined two biophysical methods, polarization modulated-infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and ellipsometry to elucidate their interactions with monolayers of each class of lipids. REF1 and SRPP1 interactions with native lipids are clearly different; SRPP1 interacts mostly in surface with PL, GL or NL, without modification of its structure. In contrast REF1 inserts deeply in the lipid monolayers with all lipid classes. With NL, REF1 is even able to switch from α-helice conformation to β-sheet structure, as in its aggregated form (amyloid form). Interaction between REF1 and NL may therefore have a specific role in the irreversible coagulation of rubber particles. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Supramolecular Control in Nanostructured Film Architectures for Detecting Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Soares, Juliana Coatrini; Shimizu, Flavio Makoto; Soares, Andrey Coatrini; Caseli, Luciano; Ferreira, Jacqueline; Oliveira, Osvaldo N

2015-06-10

The need for early detection of various diseases, including breast cancer, has motivated research into nanomaterials that can be assembled in organized films which serve as biosensors. Owing to the variety of possible materials and film architectures, procedures are required to design optimized biosensors. In this study, we combine surface-specific methods to monitor the assembly of antibodies on nanostructured films with two distinct architectures. In the first, a layer of the antibody type mouse anti-HER2 (clone tab250) was immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid modified with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC). In the second approach, a SAM of cysteamine was coated with a biotin/spreptavidin bilayer on which a layer of biotinylated antibody type MSx2HUp185/her biotin was adsorbed. The rougher, less passivating coating with cysteamine determined from cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy led to biosensors that are more sensitive to detect the breast cancer ERBB2 (HER2) biomarker in impedance spectroscopy measurements. This higher distinguishing ability of the cysteamine-containing film architecture was proven with information visualization methods to treat the impedance data. Polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) confirmed that biosensing resulted from the antibody-ERBB2 antigen affinity.

A simple architecture with self-assembled monolayers to build immunosensors for detecting the pancreatic cancer biomarker CA19-9.

PubMed

Soares, Andrey Coatrini; Soares, Juliana Coatrini; Shimizu, Flavio Makoto; Rodrigues, Valquiria da Cruz; Awan, Iram Taj; Melendez, Matias Eliseo; Piazzetta, Maria Helena Oliveira; Gobbi, Angelo Luiz; Reis, Rui Manuel; Fregnani, José Humberto T G; Carvalho, André Lopes; Oliveira, Osvaldo N

2018-05-14

The challenge of the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in routine clinical practice requires low-cost means of detection, and this may be achieved with immunosensors based on electrical or electrochemical principles. In this paper, we report a potentially low-cost immunosensor built with interdigitated gold electrodes coated with a self-assembled monolayer and a layer of anti-CA19-9 antibodies, which is capable of detecting the pancreatic cancer biomarker CA19-9 using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Due to specific, irreversible adsorption of CA19-9 onto its corresponding antibody, according to data from polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), the immunosensor is highly sensitive and selective. It could detect CA19-9 in commercial samples with a limit of detection of 0.68 U mL-1, in addition to distinguishing between blood serum samples from patients with different concentrations of CA19-9. Furthermore, by treating the capacitance data with information visualization methods, we were able to verify the selectivity and robustness of the immunosensor with regard to false positives, as the samples containing higher CA19-9 concentrations, including those from tumor cells, could be distinguished from those with possible interferents.

Carbon Nanotube Matrix for Highly Sensitive Biosensors To Detect Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker CA19-9.

PubMed

Thapa, Anshu; Soares, Andrey Coatrini; Soares, Juliana Coatrini; Awan, Iram Taj; Volpati, Diogo; Melendez, Matias Eliseo; Fregnani, José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro; Carvalho, André Lopes; Oliveira, Osvaldo N

2017-08-09

Biosensors fabricated with nanomaterials promise faster, cheaper, and more efficient alternatives to traditional, often bulky devices for early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we fabricated a thin film sensing unit on interdigitated gold electrodes combining polyethyleneimine and carbon nanotubes in a layer by layer fashion, onto which antibodies anti-CA19-9 were adsorbed with a supporting layer of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide solution. By use of impedance spectroscopy, the pancreatic cancer biomarker CA19-9 was detected in a buffer with limit of detection of 0.35 U/mL. This high sensitivity allowed for distinction between samples of blood serum from patients with distinct probabilities to develop pancreatic cancer. The selectivity of the biosensor was confirmed in subsidiary experiments with HT-29 and SW-620 cell lines and possible interferents, e.g., p53 protein, ascorbic acid, and glucose, where significant changes in capacitance could only be measured with HT-29 that contained the CA19-9 biomarker. Chemisorption of CA19-9 molecules onto the layer of anti-CA19-9 antibodies was the mechanism responsible for sensing while electrostatic interactions drove the adsorption of carbon nanotubes, according to polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The adsorption behavior was successfully described by the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm.

Electrochemical and PM-IRRAS Studies of the Effect of Cholesterol on the Structure of a DMPC Bilayer Supported at an Au (111) Electrode Surface, Part 1: Properties of the Acyl Chains

PubMed Central

Bin, Xiaomin; Horswell, Sarah L.; Lipkowski, Jacek

2005-01-01

Charge density measurements and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy were employed to investigate the spreading of small unilamellar vesicles of a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)/cholesterol (7:3 molar ratio) mixture onto an Au (111) electrode surface. The electrochemical experiments demonstrated that vesicles fuse and spread onto the Au (111) electrode surface, forming a bilayer, at rational potentials −0.4 V < (E − Epzc) < 0.4 V or field strength <6×107 V m−1. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy experiments provided information concerning the conformation and orientation of the acyl chains of DMPC molecules. Deuterated DMPC was used to subtract the contribution of C-H stretching bands of cholesterol and of the polar head region of DMPC from spectra in the C-H stretching region. The absorption spectra of the C-H stretch bands in the acyl chains were determined in this way. The properties of the DMPC/cholesterol bilayer have been compared with the properties of a pure DMPC bilayer. The presence of 30% cholesterol gives a thicker and more fluid bilayer characterized by a lower capacity and lower tilt angle of the acyl chains. PMID:15849259

Damage of chromosoms under irradiation of human blood lymphocytes and development of bystander effect.

PubMed

Shemetun, O V

2016-12-01

the research the distribution of radiation induced damages among chromosomes and their bands in irra diated in vitro human blood lymphocytes and in unirradiated bystander cells.Material and methods of research: cultivation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by semi micromethod D.A. Hungerford, modeling of radiation induced bystander effect in mixed cultures consisting of irradiated in vitro and non irradiated blood lymphocytes from persons of different gender, GTG staining of metaphase chromosomes and their cytogenetic analysis. Break points in chromosomes under the formation of aberrations were identified in exposed in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes in doses 0.25 Gy (95 breaks in 1248 cells) and 1.0 Gy (227 breaks in 726 cells) and in non irradiated bystander cells under their joint cultivation with irradiated in vitro human lymphocytes (51 breaks in 1137 cells at irradiation of adjacent populations of lymphocytes in dose 0.25 Gy and 75 breaks in 1321 cells at irradiation of adjacent population of lymphocytes in a dose 1.0 Gy). The distribution of injuries among the chromo somes and their bands was investigated. in radiation exposed in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as in bystander cells the fre quency of damaged bands and number of breaks which localized in them exceeded the control value (p < 0.01). As under direct radiation exposure, as under formation of breaks due to induction of bystander effect, chromosomes were damaged according to their relative length. Location of bands with increasing number of breaks coincided with the «hot spots» of chromosome damage following irradiation and fragile sites. More sensitive to damage were G negative euchromatin chromosome bands, in which were localized 82 88 % breaks. Damageability of telomeric regions in the irradiated cells had no significant difference from the control, while in bystander cells was lower than control value (p < 0.05). O. V. Shemetun.

pH-Driven Ordering Transitions in Liquid Crystal Induced by Conformational Changes of Cardiolipin.

PubMed

Sidiq, Sumyra; Verma, Indu; Pal, Santanu Kumar

2015-04-28

We report an investigation of interfacial phenomena occurring at aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interfaces that triggers an orientational ordering transition of the LC in the presence of cardiolipin (CL) by varying pH, salt concentration and valence. In particular, the effects of three different conformational isomeric forms of the CL are observed to cause the response of the LC ordering to vary significantly from one to another at those interfaces. An ordering transition of the LC was observed when the CL is mostly in undissociated (at pH 2) and/or in bicyclic (at pH 4) conformation in which LC shows changes in the optical appearance from bright to dark. By contrast, no change in the optical appearance of the LC was observed when the pH of the system increases to 8 or higher in which the CL mostly exists in the open conformation. Fluorescence microscopy measurements further suggest that pH-dependent conformational forms of the CL have different ability to self-assemble (thus different packing efficiency) at aqueous-LC interfaces leading to dissimilar orientational behavior of the LC. Specifically, we found that change in headgroup-headgroup repulsion of the central phosphatidyl groups of the CL plays a key role in tuning the lipid packing efficiency and thus responses to interfacial phenomena. Orientational ordering transition of the LC was also observed as a function of increasing the ionic strength (buffer capacity) and strongly influenced in the presence of mono and divalent cations. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) measurements provide further insight in modulation of the lipid packing efficiency and alkyl chain conformation of the CL at different pH and ionic conditions. Overall, the results presented in this paper establish that LCs offer a promising approach to differentiate different conformations (label free detection) of the CL through ordering transition of the LC at aqueous-LC interfaces.

Comparative proteomic analysis of rice after seed ground simulated radiation and spaceflight explains the radiation effects of space environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wei; Shi, Jinming; Liang, Shujian; Lei, Huang; Shenyi, Zhang; Sun, Yeqing

In previous work, we compared the proteomic profiles of rice plants growing after seed space-flights with ground controls by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and found that the protein expression profiles were changed after seed space environment exposures. Spaceflight represents a complex environmental condition in which several interacting factors such as cosmic radiation, microgravity and space magnetic fields are involved. Rice seed is in the process of dormant of plant development, showing high resistance against stresses, so the highly ionizing radiation (HZE) in space is considered as main factor causing biological effects to seeds. To further investigate the radiation effects of space environment, we performed on-ground simulated HZE particle radiation and compared between the proteomes of seed irra-diated plants and seed spaceflight (20th recoverable satellite) plants from the same rice variety. Space ionization shows low-dose but high energy particle effects, for searching the particle effects, ground radiations with the same low-dose (2mGy) but different liner energy transfer (LET) values (13.3KeV/µm-C, 30KeV/µm-C, 31KeV/µm-Ne, 62.2KeV/µm-C, 500Kev/µm-Fe) were performed; using 2-D DIGE coupled with clustering and principle component analysis (PCA) for data process and comparison, we found that the holistic protein expression patterns of plants irradiated by LET-62.2KeV/µm carbon particles were most similar to spaceflight. In addition, although space environment presents a low-dose radiation (0.177 mGy/day on the satellite), the equivalent simulated radiation dose effects should still be evaluated: radiations of LET-62.2KeV/µm carbon particles with different cumulative doses (2mGy, 20mGy, 200mGy, 2000mGy) were further carried out and resulted that the 2mGy radiation still shared most similar proteomic profiles with spaceflight, confirming the low-dose effects of space radiation. Therefore, in the protein expression level, ground simulation method could be utilized to simu-late the space radiation biological effects and such a comparative proteomic work might explain both energy and dose effects of space radiation environment.

Correlation of [RuCl3(dppb)(VPy)] cytotoxicity with its effects on the cell membranes: an investigation using Langmuir monolayers as membrane models.

PubMed

Sandrino, B; Tominaga, T T; Nobre, T M; Scorsin, L; Wrobel, E C; Fiorin, B C; de Araujo, M P; Caseli, L; Oliveira, O N; Wohnrath, K

2014-09-11

One of the major challenges in drug design is to identify compounds with potential toxicity toward target cells, preferably with molecular-level understanding of their mode of action. In this study, the antitumor property of a ruthenium complex, mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(VPy)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane and VPy = 4-vinylpyridine) (RuVPy), was analyzed. Results showed that this compound led to a mortality rate of 50% of HEp-2 cell with 120 ± 10 μmol L(-1), indicating its high toxicity. Then, to prove if its mode of action is associated with its interaction with cell membranes, Langmuir monolayers were used as a membrane model. RuVPy had a strong effect on the surface pressure isotherms, especially on the elastic properties of both the zwitterionic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the negatively charged dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) phospholipids. These data were confirmed by polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). In addition, interactions between the positive group from RuVPy and the phosphate group from the phospholipids were corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, allowing the determination of the Ru complex orientation at the air-water interface. Although possible contributions from receptors or other cell components cannot be discarded, the results reported here represent evidence for significant effects on the cell membranes which are probably associated with the high toxicity of RuVPy.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Zongyuan; Duchon, Tomas; Wang, Huanru

Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS) have been used to elucidate the active sites and mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming reaction (ESR) over Ni–CeO 2(111) model catalysts. Our results reveal that surface layers of the ceria substrate are both highly reduced and hydroxylated under reaction conditions while the small supported Ni nanoparticles are present as Ni 0/NixC. A multifunctional, synergistic role is highlighted in which Ni, CeO x and the interface provide an ensemble effect in the active chemistry that leads to H 2. Ni 0 is the active phase leading tomore » both C–C and C–H bond cleavage in ethanol and it is also responsible for carbon accumulation. On the other hand, CeO x is important for the deprotonation of ethanol/water to ethoxy and OH intermediates. The active state of CeO x is a Ce 3+(OH) x compound that results from extensive reduction by ethanol and the efficient dissociation of water. Additionally, we gain an important insight into the stability and selectivity of the catalyst by its effective water dissociation, where the accumulation of surface carbon can be mitigated by the increased presence of surface OH groups. As a result, the co-existence and cooperative interplay of Ni 0 and Ce 3+(OH) x through a metal–support interaction facilitate oxygen transfer, activation of ethanol/water as well as the removal of coke.« less

Reactive Landing of Dendrimer Ions onto Activated Self-assembled Monolayer Surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Qichi; Laskin, Julia

2014-02-06

The reactivity of gaseous, amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer ions with activated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces terminated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester groups (NHS-SAM) is examined using mass-selected ion deposition combined with in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The reaction extent is determined from depletion of the infrared band at 1753 cm-1, corresponding to the stretching vibration of the NHS carbonyl groups following ion deposition. For reaction yields below 10%, NHS band depletion follows a linear dependence on the ion dose. By comparing the kinetics plots obtained for 1,12-dodecanediamine and different generations of dendrimer ions (G0–G3) containing 4, 8, 16, and 32more » terminal amino group, we demonstrate that the relative reaction efficiency increases linearly with the number of NH2 groups in the molecule. This finding is rationalized assuming the formation of multiple amide bonds upon collision of higher-generation dendrimers with NHS-SAM. Furthermore, by comparing the NHS band depletion following deposition of [M+4H]4+ ions of the G2 dendrimer at 30, 80, and 120 eV, we demonstrate that the ion’s kinetic energy has no measurable effect on reaction efficiency. Similarly, the ion’s charge state only has a minor effect on the reactive landing efficiency of dendrimer ions. Our results indicate that reactive landing is an efficient approach for highly selective covalent immobilization of complex multifunctional molecules onto organic surfaces terminated with labile functional groups.« less

Interaction of Formaldehyde with the Rutile TiO 2 (110) Surface: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Zhenrong; Yang, Chengwu

2016-06-16

The adsorption and reaction of formaldehyde (CH 2O) on the oxidized rutile TiO 2(110) surface were studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental and theoretical data reveal the presence of various species depending on the temperature and coverage. After formaldehyde adsorption on TiO 2(110) at 65 K, the multilayer CH 2O was detected, which desorbs completely upon heating to 120 K. The isolated CH 2O monomer was identified after submonolayer adsorption at low temperatures (45-65 K), in which CH 2O is bound to the surfacemore » Ti5c sites via σ-donation and adopts a tilted geometry. With heating to higher temperatures the CH 2O monomers remain stable up to 70 K and then undergo coupling reactions to form paraformaldehyde (polyoxymethylene, POM) at the Ti 5c rows. The POM chain is oriented primarily along the [001] direction in a slightly disordered configuration. POM becomes the predominant species at 120 K and is decomposed releasing CH 2O at about 250 K. In addition, dioxymethylene (DOM) was detected as minority species formed via reaction of Ti 5c-bound CH 2O with both neighboring O 2c along the [1-10] direction and oxygen adatoms (Oad) at Ti 5c sites along [001] on the oxidized TiO 2(110) surface.« less

Sulfur and Oxygen Isotopic Analysis of a Cosmic Symplectite from a Comet Wild 2 Stardust Terminal Particle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, A. N.; Berger, E. L.; Nakamura-Messenger, K.; Messenger, S.

2015-01-01

Introduction: Analyses of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples re-turned from the Stardust mission have uncovered surprising simi-larities to meteoritic material, including the identification of inner solar system grains [1-3]. The TEM characterization of terminal particle (TP) 4 from Stardust track #147 revealed an assemblage consisting of symplectically intergrown pentlandite and nanocrys-talline maghemite coexisting with high-Ca pyroxene [4]. Mineral-ogically similar cosmic symplectites (COS) containing pentlandite and magnetite in the primitive Acfer 094 meteorite are highly de-pleted in 16O (?17O, ?18O 180 per mille) [5-7]. This isotopic signature is proposed to record alteration with primordial solar nebula water. Conversely, the normal O isotopic composition of the Stardust COS indicates alteration by a different aqueous reservoir, perhaps on the comet [8]. In this study, we analyzed the Wild 2 COS for S isotopes to further constrain its origin. Experimental: Thin sections of TP4 (12 ?m) were produced and their mineralogy was thoroughly characterized by TEM. Two of the sections were analyzed for O isotopes by isotopic imaging in the JSC NanoSIMS 50L. The sample in one of the slices was completely consumed. The remaining material in the adjacent slice was analyzed simultaneously for 16O, 32S, 33S, 34S, and 56Fe16O in electron multipliers using a Cs+ primary ion beam. Quasi-simulta-neous arrival (QSA) can have a significant effect on S isotopic ra-tios when using electron multipliers, resulting in undercounting of 32S [9]. Canyon Diablo troilite (CDT) was measured numerous times to deduce a correction factor for QSA and ensure measure-ment reproducibility. Isotopic ratios are reported relative to CDT. Results and Discussion: The Wild 2 COS is enriched in the heavy S isotopes relative to CDT (?33S = 6.5 +/- 1.6 per mille; ?34S = 5.1 +/- 0.7 per mille; 1?). The degree of 33S enrichment indicates mass-inde-pendent fractionation (MIF) with ?33S = 3.9 +/- 1.7 per mille. MIF of S has been observed in some chondrules (?33S up to 0.11per mille) [10], but this effect has not been identified in sulfides from carbonaceous chondrites [11] or IDPs [12]. S isotopic analysis of Stardust impact craters also did not reveal MIF or anomalies, save for one potential 32S-rich presolar sulfide [13]. Measurement errors on these impact craters were much larger than those in this study, however. MIF of S has been proposed to result from heterogeneities in the solar neb-ula from nucleosynthetic components [14] or photochemical irra-diation of solar nebula gas [10]. Presolar SiC grains are observed to have 32S enrichments [15, 16] contrary to the S isotopic compo-sition of the cometary COS. The S isotopic composition more likely reflects irradiation of nebular gas.

L-tryptophan-induced electron transport across supported lipid bilayers: an alkyl-chain tilt-angle, and bilayer-symmetry dependence.

PubMed

Sarangi, Nirod Kumar; Patnaik, Archita

2012-12-21

Molecular orientation-dependent electron transport across supported 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers (SLBs) on semiconducting indium tin oxide (ITO) is reported with an aim towards potential nanobiotechnological applications. A bifunctional strategy is adopted to form symmetric and asymmetric bilayers of DPPC that interact with L-tryptophan, and are analyzed by surface manometry and atomic force microscopy. Polarization-dependent real-time Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) analysis of these SLBs reveals electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding, and cation-π interactions between the polar head groups of the lipid and the indole side chains. Consequently, a molecular tilt arises from the effective interface dipole, facilitating electron transport across the ITO-anchored SLBs in the presence of an internal Fe(CN)(6)(4-/3-) redox probe. The incorporation of tryptophan enhances the voltammetric features of the SLBs. The estimated electron-transfer rate constants for symmetric and asymmetric bilayers (k(s) = 2.0×10(-2) and 2.8×10(-2) s(-1)) across the two-dimensional (2D) ordered DPPC/tryptophan SLBs are higher compared to pure DPPC SLBs (k(s) = 3.2×10(-3) and 3.9×10(-3) s(-1)). In addition, they are molecular tilt-dependent, as it is the case with the standard apparent rate constants k(app)(0), estimated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and bipotentiostatic experiments with a Pt ultramicroelectrode. Lower magnitudes of k(s) and k(app)(0) imply that electrochemical reactions across the ITO-SLB electrodes are kinetically limited and consequently governed by electron tunneling across the SLBs. Standard theoretical rate constants (k(th)(0)) accrued upon electron tunneling comply with the potential-independent electron-tunneling coefficient β = 0.15 Å(-1). Insulator-semiconductor transitions moving from a liquid-expanded to a condensed 2D-phase state of the SLBs are noted, adding a new dimension to their transport behavior. These results highlight the role of tryptophan in expediting electron transfer across lipid bilayer membranes in a cellular environment and can provide potential clues towards patterned lipid nanocomposites and devices. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Intracranial aneurysmal pulsatility as a new individual criterion for rupture risk evaluation: biomechanical and numeric approach (IRRAs Project).

PubMed

Sanchez, M; Ecker, O; Ambard, D; Jourdan, F; Nicoud, F; Mendez, S; Lejeune, J-P; Thines, L; Dufour, H; Brunel, H; Machi, P; Lobotesis, K; Bonafe, A; Costalat, V

2014-09-01

The present study follows an experimental work based on the characterization of the biomechanical behavior of the aneurysmal wall and a numerical study where a significant difference in term of volume variation between ruptured and unruptured aneurysm was observed in a specific case. Our study was designed to highlight by means of numeric simulations the correlation between aneurysm sac pulsatility and the risk of rupture through the mechanical properties of the wall. In accordance with previous work suggesting a correlation between the risk of rupture and the material properties of cerebral aneurysms, 12 fluid-structure interaction computations were performed on 12 "patient-specific" cases, corresponding to typical shapes and locations of cerebral aneurysms. The variations of the aneurysmal volume during the cardiac cycle (ΔV) are compared by using wall material characteristics of either degraded or nondegraded tissues. Aneurysms were located on 6 different arteries: middle cerebral artery (4), anterior cerebral artery (3), internal carotid artery (1), vertebral artery (1), ophthalmic artery (1), and basilar artery (1). Aneurysms presented different shapes (uniform or multilobulated) and diastolic volumes (from 18 to 392 mm3). The pulsatility (ΔV/V) was significantly larger for a soft aneurysmal material (average of 26%) than for a stiff material (average of 4%). The difference between ΔV, for each condition, was statistically significant: P=.005. The difference in aneurysmal pulsatility as highlighted in this work might be a relevant patient-specific predictor of aneurysm risk of rupture. © 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

Rubber particle proteins, HbREF and HbSRPP, show different interactions with model membranes.

PubMed

Berthelot, Karine; Lecomte, Sophie; Estevez, Yannick; Zhendre, Vanessa; Henry, Sarah; Thévenot, Julie; Dufourc, Erick J; Alves, Isabel D; Peruch, Frédéric

2014-01-01

The biomembrane surrounding rubber particles from the hevea latex is well known for its content of numerous allergen proteins. HbREF (Hevb1) and HbSRPP (Hevb3) are major components, linked on rubber particles, and they have been shown to be involved in rubber synthesis or quality (mass regulation), but their exact function is still to be determined. In this study we highlighted the different modes of interactions of both recombinant proteins with various membrane models (lipid monolayers, liposomes or supported bilayers, and multilamellar vesicles) to mimic the latex particle membrane. We combined various biophysical methods (polarization-modulation-infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS)/ellipsometry, attenuated-total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR), fluorescence spectroscopy) to elucidate their interactions. Small rubber particle protein (SRPP) shows less affinity than rubber elongation factor (REF) for the membranes but displays a kind of "covering" effect on the lipid headgroups without disturbing the membrane integrity. Its structure is conserved in the presence of lipids. Contrarily, REF demonstrates higher membrane affinity with changes in its aggregation properties, the amyloid nature of REF, which we previously reported, is not favored in the presence of lipids. REF binds and inserts into membranes. The membrane integrity is highly perturbed, and we suspect that REF is even able to remove lipids from the membrane leading to the formation of mixed micelles. These two homologous proteins show affinity to all membrane models tested but neatly differ in their interacting features. This could imply differential roles on the surface of rubber particles. © 2013.

Surface pressure affects B-hordein network formation at the air-water interface in relation to gastric digestibility.

PubMed

Yang, Jingqi; Huang, Jun; Zeng, Hongbo; Chen, Lingyun

2015-11-01

Protein interfacial network formation under mechanical pressure and its influence on degradation was investigated at molecular level using Langmuir-Blodgett B-hordein monolayer as a 2D model. Surface properties, such as surface pressure, dilatational and shear rheology and the surface pressure--area (π-A) isotherm, of B-hordein at air-water interface were analyzed by tensiometer, rheometer and a Langmuir-Blodgett trough respectively. B-Hordein conformation and orientation under different surface pressures were determined by polarization modulation-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The interfacial network morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). B-Hordein could reduce the air-water surface tension rapidly to ∼ 45 mN/m and form a solid-like network with high rheological elasticity and compressibility at interface, which could be a result of interactions developed by intermolecular β-sheets. The results also revealed that B-hordein interfacial network switched from an expanded liquid phase to a solid-like film with increasing compression pressure. The orientation of B-hordein was parallel to the surface when in expended liquid phase, whereas upon compression, the hydrophobic repetitive region tilted away from water phase. When compressed to 30 mN/m, a strong elastic network was formed at the interface, and it was resistant to a harsh gastric-like environment of low pH and pepsin. This work generated fundamental knowledge, which suggested the potential to design B-hordein stabilized emulsions and encapsulations with controllable digestibility for small intestine targeted delivery of bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adsorption and detection of Escherichia coli using an Au substrate modified with a catecholate-type artificial siderophore-Fe3+ complex.

PubMed

Inomata, Tomohiko; Tanabashi, Hirohito; Funahashi, Yasuhiro; Ozawa, Tomohiro; Masuda, Hideki

2013-12-07

A catecholate-type artificial siderophore with a terminal-NH2 group (1) and its Fe(3+) complex (2) were prepared. Siderophore 1 was characterized by (1)H NMR, FT-IR, and ESI-TOF MS spectroscopy. The corresponding Fe(3+) complex 2 was obtained by reaction of 1 with Fe(acac)3. The absorption band at 500 nm (ε = 4670 M(-1) cm(-1) at pH 7.0) of the electronic absorption spectrum of 2 is assignable as the LMCT (O(catecholate) → Fe(3+)) absorption band. This band indicates the formation of the Fe(3+) complex of 1. The biological activity of 2 with respect to Escherichia coli was clearly confirmed by observing that it permeates into the cell membrane. The self-assembled monolayer of 2 on an Au substrate, 2/Au, was prepared and its preparation was confirmed by FT-IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Furthermore, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chip modified with 2 effectively adsorbed E. coli. M. flavescens, an organism which is incapable of synthesizing siderophores and must therefore use exogenous hydroxamate-type siderophores for growth, did not adsorb on 2/Au. In contrast, E. coli did not adsorb on the hydroxamate-type artificial siderophore-Fe(3+) complex (3)-modified Au substrate, 3/Au. These results provide preliminary evidence that microbes recognized Fe(3+) ion-bound siderophores on the surface. The detection limit of 2/Au was ∼10(4) CFU mL(-1).

Electron transfer of quinone self-assembled monolayers on a gold electrode.

PubMed

Nagata, Morio; Kondo, Masaharu; Suemori, Yoshiharu; Ochiai, Tsuyoshi; Dewa, Takehisa; Ohtsuka, Toshiaki; Nango, Mamoru

2008-06-15

Dialkyl disulfide-linked naphthoquinone, (NQ-Cn-S)2, and anthraquinone, (AQ-Cn-S)2, derivatives with different spacer alkyl chains (Cn: n=2, 6, 12) were synthesized and these quinone derivatives were self-assembled on a gold electrode. The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these derivatives on a gold electrode was confirmed by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS). Electron transfer between the derivatives and the gold electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. On the cyclic voltammogram a reversible redox reaction between quinone (Q) and hydroquinone (QH2) was clearly observed under an aqueous condition. The formal potentials for NQ and AQ derivatives were -0.48 and -0.58 V, respectively, that did not depend on the spacer length. The oxidation and reduction peak currents were strongly dependent on the spacer alkyl chain length. The redox behavior of quinone derivatives depended on the pH condition of the buffer solution. The pH dependence was in agreement with a theoretical value of E 1/2 (mV)=E'-59pH for 2H+/2e(-) process in the pH range 3-11. In the range higher than pH 11, the value was estimated with E 1/2 (mV)=E'-30pH , which may correspond to H+/2e(-) process. The tunneling barrier coefficients (beta) for NQ and AQ SAMs were determined to be 0.12 and 0.73 per methylene group (CH2), respectively. Comparison of the structures and the alkyl chain length of quinones derivatives on these electron transfers on the electrode is made.

Self-assembly and reactive molding techniques for controlling the interface and dispersion of the particulate phase in nanocomposites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pranger, Lawrence A.

This research explored the processing and properties of PNCs using a polyfurfural alcohol (PFA) matrix. The precursor for PFA, furfuryl alcohol (FA) is sourced from feedstocks rich in hemicellulose, such as corn cobs, oat hulls and wood. To exploit FA as a polymerizable solvent, cellulose whiskers (CW) and montmorillonite clay (MMT) were used as the nanoparticle phase. Results from PNC processing show that CW and MMT can be dispersed in the PFA matrix by means of insitu polymerization, without the use of surfactants or dilution in solvents. Both CW and MMT nanoparticles catalyze the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA). Moreover, the insitu intercalative polymerization of FA in the interlayer galleries of MMT leads to the complete exfoliation of the MMT in the PFA matrix. CW and MMT both function as effective matrix modifiers, increasing the thermal stability of PFA nanocomposites compared to pure PFA polymer. The increased thermal stability is seen as significant increases in the onset of degradation and in residual weight at high temperature. This research also explored the surface functionalization of Cu, Ni and Pt substrates by self-assembly of a range of difunctional linker molecules. Characterization by XPS and PM-IRRAS indicate that diisocyanides and dicarboxylic acids both form chemically "sticky" surfaces after self-assembly on Cu and Ni. Sticky surfaces may provide a means of increasing nanoparticle dispersion in metal nanocluster filled PNCs, by increasing their interaction with the matrix polymer. Another potential application for sticky surfaces on Cu is in the ongoing miniaturization of circuit boards. The functionalization of Cu bond pad substrates with linker molecules may provide an alternate means of bonding components to their bond pads, with higher placement accuracy compared to solder bumps.

Critical current density and irreversibility line of CuBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}O{sub y}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Iyo, A.; Tokumoto, M.; Ihara, H.

The critical current density and irreversibility line of the single-phase polycrystalline sample of CuBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}O{sub y} with T{sub c}= 117 K have been estimated from measurements of magnetic hysteresis loops assuming Bean critical state model. Simple power law relations, J{sub c}{proportional_to}H{sup {minus}m}, are observed in the magnetic field dependence of the intragrain J{sub c}. Values of the intragrain J{sub c} in a magnetic field of 1 T are about 10{sup 6} and 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} at temperatures of 5 and 77 K, respectively. An exponential decay of the J{sub c} with increasing temperature, J{sub c}{proportional_to}exp({minus}T/T{sub 0}), ismore » observed below 60 K. The characteristic temperature T{sub 0} of Cu-1234 is T{sub 0}= 16.1 K in a magnetic field of 1.0 T. The dependence of the J{sub c} on temperature is relatively small among the oxide superconductors. Simple power law relations, J{sub c}{proportional_to}(1{minus}T/T{sub c}){sup n}, are found in whole ranges of the temperature and magnetic field. The value of n is 5.24 for a magnetic field of 1.0 T. The irreversibility fields at 70 and 77 K are estimated to be 9.5 and 3.7 T, respectively. The temperature dependence of the H{sub irr} is fitted by H{sub irr}=a(1{minus}T/T{sub c}){sup n} with a=2130 and n=5.91.« less

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

PubMed Central

Brezesinski, Gerald; Hill, Alexandra; Gericke, Arne

2016-01-01

Summary Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) plays an important role in several biological processes, being identified as a key regulator of many protein functions. For instance, it acts as a mediator of inflammatory responses. The mediation of the inflammation process happens due to the interaction of C1P with the C2 domain of cPLA2α, an effector protein that needs the presence of submicromolar concentrations of calcium ions. The aim of this study was to determine the phase behaviour and structural properties of C1P in the presence and absence of millimolar quantities of calcium in a well-defined pH environment. For that purpose, we used monomolecular films of C1P at the soft air/liquid interface with calcium ions in the subphase. The pH was varied to change the protonation degree of the C1P head group. We used surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms coupled with other monolayer techniques as Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The isotherms indicate that C1P monolayers are in a condensed state in the presence of calcium ions, regardless of the pH. At higher pH without calcium ions, the monolayer is in a liquid-expanded state due to repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups of the C1P molecules. When divalent calcium ions are added, they are able to bridge the highly charged phosphate groups, enhancing the regular arrangement of the head groups. Similar solidification of the monolayer structure can be seen in the presence of a 150 times larger concentration of monovalent sodium ions. Therefore, calcium ions have clearly a strong affinity for the phosphomonoester of C1P. PMID:26977381

Charge retention of soft-landed phosphotungstate Keggin anions on self-assembled monolayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gunaratne, K. Don D.; Prabhakaran, Venkateshkumar; Andersen, Amity

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces often results in partial loss of charge that may affect the structure and reactivity of deposited species. In this study, Keggin phosphotungstate anions in two selected charge states, PW12O403- (WPOM3-) and PW12O402- (WPOM2-), were soft-landed onto different self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces and examined using in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Partial retention of the 3- charge was observed when WPOM3- was soft-landed onto the fluorinated SAM (FSAM), while the charge state distribution was dominated by the 2- charge after both WPOM3- and WPOM2- were deposited ontomore » a hydrophilic alkylthiol SAM terminated with cationic NH3+ functional groups (NH3+SAM). We found that during the course of the soft landing of WPOM3-, the relative abundance of WPOM3- on FSAM decreased while that of WPOM2- increased. We propose that the higher stability of immobilized WPOM2- in comparison with WPOM3- makes it the preferred charge state of WPOM on both the FSAM and NH3+SAM. We also observe weaker binding of WPOM anions to SAMs in comparison with phosphomolybdate ions (MoPOM) reported previously (J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 27611–27622). The weaker binding of WPOM to SAMs is attributed to the lower reactivity of WPOM reported in the literature. This study demonstrates that both the charge retention and the reactivity of deposited anionic POM clusters on surfaces are determined by the type of addenda metal atoms in the cluster.« less

One-step formation of bifunctionnal aryl/alkyl grafted films on conducting surfaces by the reduction of diazonium salts in the presence of alkyl iodides.

PubMed

Hetemi, Dardan; Hazimeh, Hassan; Decorse, Philippe; Galtayries, Anouk; Combellas, Catherine; Kanoufi, Frédéric; Pinson, Jean; Podvorica, Fetah I

2015-05-19

The formation of partial perfluoroalkyl or alkyl radicals from partial perfluoroalkyl or alkyl iodides (ICH2CH2C6F13 and IC6H13) and their reaction with surfaces takes place at low driving force (∼-0.5 V/SCE) when the electrochemical reaction is performed in acetonitrile in the presence of diazonium salts (ArN2(+)), at a potential where the latter is reduced. By comparison to the direct grafting of ICH2CH2C6F13, this corresponds to a gain of ∼2.1 V in the case of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium. Such electrochemical reaction permits the modification of gold surfaces (and also carbon, iron, and copper) with mixed aryl-alkyl groups (Ar = 3-CH3-C6H4, 4-NO2-C6H4, and 4-Br-C6H4, R = C6H13 or (CH2)2-C6F13). These strongly bonded mixed layers are characterized by IRRAS, XPS, ToF-SIMS, ellipsometry, water contact angles, and cyclic voltammetry. The relative proportions of grafted aryl and alkyl groups can be varied along with the relative concentrations of diazonium and iodide components in the grafting solution. The formation of the films is assigned to the reaction of aryl and alkyl radicals on the surface and on the first grafted layer. The former is obtained from the electrochemical reduction of the diazonium salt; the latter results from the abstraction of an iodine atom by the aryl radical. The mechanism involved in the growth of the film provides an example of complex surface radical chemistry.

Influence of amine and thiol modifications at the 3' ends of single stranded DNA molecules on their adsorption on gold surface and the efficiency of their hybridization.

PubMed

Jaworska, Aleksandra; Jablonska, Anna; Wilanowski, Tomasz; Palys, Barbara; Sek, Slawomir; Kudelski, Andrzej

2018-05-24

Adsorption of molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or modified DNA on gold surfaces is often the first step in construction of many various biosensors, including biosensors for detection of DNA with a particular sequence. In this work we study the influence of amine and thiol modifications at the 3' ends of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules on their adsorption on the surface of gold substrates and on the efficiency of hybridization of immobilized DNA with the complementary single stranded DNA. The characterization of formed layers has been carried out using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. As model single stranded DNA we used DNA containing 20 adenine bases, whereas the complementary DNA contained 20 thymine bases. We found that the bands in polarization modulation-infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) spectra of layers formed from thiol-modified DNA are significantly narrower and sharper, indicating their higher regularity in the orientation of DNA on gold surface when using thiol linker. Also, hybridization of the layer of thiol-modified DNA containing 20 adenine bases with the respective DNA containing thymine bases leads to formation of much more organized structures than in the case of unmodified DNA or DNA with the amine linker. We conclude that the thiol-modified ssDNA is more promising for the preparation of biosensors, in comparison with the amine-modified or unmodified ssDNA. We have also found that the above-mentioned modifications at the 3' end of ssDNA significantly influence the IR spectrum (and hence the structure) of polycrystalline films formed from such compounds, even though adsorbed fragments contain less than 5% of the DNA chain. This effect should be taken into account when comparing IR spectra of various polycrystalline films formed from modified and unmodified DNA. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Submolecular Structure and Orientation of Oligonucleotide Duplexes Tethered to Gold Electrodes Probed by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy: Effect of the Electrode Potentials.

PubMed

Kékedy-Nagy, László; Ferapontova, Elena E; Brand, Izabella

2017-02-23

Unique electronic and ligand recognition properties of the DNA double helix provide basis for DNA applications in biomolecular electronic and biosensor devices. However, the relation between the structure of DNA at electrified interfaces and its electronic properties is still not well understood. Here, potential-driven changes in the submolecular structure of DNA double helices composed of either adenine-thymine (dAdT) 25 or cytosine-guanine (dGdC) 20 base pairs tethered to the gold electrodes are for the first time analyzed by in situ polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM IRRAS) performed under the electrochemical control. It is shown that the conformation of the DNA duplexes tethered to gold electrodes via the C 6 alkanethiol linker strongly depends on the nucleic acid sequence composition. The tilt of purine and pyrimidine rings of the complementary base pairs (dAdT and dGdC) depends on the potential applied to the electrode. By contrast, neither the conformation nor orientation of the ionic in character phosphate-sugar backbone is affected by the electrode potentials. At potentials more positive than the potential of zero charge (pzc), a gradual tilting of the double helix is observed. In this tilted orientation, the planes of the complementary purine and pyrimidine rings lie ideally parallel to each other. These potentials do not affect the integral stability of the DNA double helix at the charged interface. At potentials more negative than the pzc, DNA helices adopt a vertical to the gold surface orientation. Tilt of the purine and pyrimidine rings depends on the composition of the double helix. In monolayers composed of (dAdT) 25 molecules the rings of the complementary base pairs lie parallel to each other. By contrast, the tilt of purine and pyrimidine rings in (dGdC) 20 helices depends on the potential applied to the electrode. Such potential-induced mobility of the complementary base pairs can destabilize the helix structure at a submolecular level. These pioneer results on the potential-driven changes in the submolecular structure of double stranded DNA adsorbed on conductive supports contribute to further understanding of the potential-driven sequence-specific electronic properties of surface-tethered oligonucleotides.

Full Life Cycle of Data Analysis with Climate Model Diagnostic Analyzer (CMDA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, S.; Zhai, C.; Pan, L.; Tang, B.; Zhang, J.; Bao, Q.; Malarout, N.

2017-12-01

We have developed a system that supports the full life cycle of a data analysis process, from data discovery, to data customization, to analysis, to reanalysis, to publication, and to reproduction. The system called Climate Model Diagnostic Analyzer (CMDA) is designed to demonstrate that the full life cycle of data analysis can be supported within one integrated system for climate model diagnostic evaluation with global observational and reanalysis datasets. CMDA has four subsystems that are highly integrated to support the analysis life cycle. Data System manages datasets used by CMDA analysis tools, Analysis System manages CMDA analysis tools which are all web services, Provenance System manages the meta data of CMDA datasets and the provenance of CMDA analysis history, and Recommendation System extracts knowledge from CMDA usage history and recommends datasets/analysis tools to users. These four subsystems are not only highly integrated but also easily expandable. New datasets can be easily added to Data System and scanned to be visible to the other subsystems. New analysis tools can be easily registered to be available in the Analysis System and Provenance System. With CMDA, a user can start a data analysis process by discovering datasets of relevance to their research topic using the Recommendation System. Next, the user can customize the discovered datasets for their scientific use (e.g. anomaly calculation, regridding, etc) with tools in the Analysis System. Next, the user can do their analysis with the tools (e.g. conditional sampling, time averaging, spatial averaging) in the Analysis System. Next, the user can reanalyze the datasets based on the previously stored analysis provenance in the Provenance System. Further, they can publish their analysis process and result to the Provenance System to share with other users. Finally, any user can reproduce the published analysis process and results. By supporting the full life cycle of climate data analysis, CMDA improves the research productivity and collaboration level of its user.

Prognostic Analysis System and Methods of Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacKey, Ryan M. E. (Inventor); Sneddon, Robert (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A prognostic analysis system and methods of operating the system are provided. In particular, a prognostic analysis system for the analysis of physical system health applicable to mechanical, electrical, chemical and optical systems and methods of operating the system are described herein.

Robustness Analysis of Integrated LPV-FDI Filters and LTI-FTC System for a Transport Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khong, Thuan H.; Shin, Jong-Yeob

2007-01-01

This paper proposes an analysis framework for robustness analysis of a nonlinear dynamics system that can be represented by a polynomial linear parameter varying (PLPV) system with constant bounded uncertainty. The proposed analysis framework contains three key tools: 1) a function substitution method which can convert a nonlinear system in polynomial form into a PLPV system, 2) a matrix-based linear fractional transformation (LFT) modeling approach, which can convert a PLPV system into an LFT system with the delta block that includes key uncertainty and scheduling parameters, 3) micro-analysis, which is a well known robust analysis tool for linear systems. The proposed analysis framework is applied to evaluating the performance of the LPV-fault detection and isolation (FDI) filters of the closed-loop system of a transport aircraft in the presence of unmodeled actuator dynamics and sensor gain uncertainty. The robustness analysis results are compared with nonlinear time simulations.

System of Systems Analytic Workbench - 2017

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-31

and transitional activities with key collaborators. The tools include: System Operational Dependency Analysis/System Developmental Dependency Analysis...in the methods of the SoS-AWB involve the following: 1. System Operability Dependency Analysis (SODA)/System Development Dependency Analysis...available f. Development of standard dependencies with combinations of low-medium-high parameters Report No. SERC-2017-TR-111

Expert systems in civil engineering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kostem, C.N.; Maher, M.L.

1986-01-01

This book presents the papers given at a symposium on expert systems in civil engineering. Topics considered at the symposium included problem solving using expert system techniques, construction schedule analysis, decision making and risk analysis, seismic risk analysis systems, an expert system for inactive hazardous waste site characterization, an expert system for site selection, knowledge engineering, and knowledge-based expert systems in seismic analysis.

Insight and Evidence Motivating the Simplification of Dual-Analysis Hybrid Systems into Single-Analysis Hybrid Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Todling, Ricardo; Diniz, F. L. R.; Takacs, L. L.; Suarez, M. J.

2018-01-01

Many hybrid data assimilation systems currently used for NWP employ some form of dual-analysis system approach. Typically a hybrid variational analysis is responsible for creating initial conditions for high-resolution forecasts, and an ensemble analysis system is responsible for creating sample perturbations used to form the flow-dependent part of the background error covariance required in the hybrid analysis component. In many of these, the two analysis components employ different methodologies, e.g., variational and ensemble Kalman filter. In such cases, it is not uncommon to have observations treated rather differently between the two analyses components; recentering of the ensemble analysis around the hybrid analysis is used to compensated for such differences. Furthermore, in many cases, the hybrid variational high-resolution system implements some type of four-dimensional approach, whereas the underlying ensemble system relies on a three-dimensional approach, which again introduces discrepancies in the overall system. Connected to these is the expectation that one can reliably estimate observation impact on forecasts issued from hybrid analyses by using an ensemble approach based on the underlying ensemble strategy of dual-analysis systems. Just the realization that the ensemble analysis makes substantially different use of observations as compared to their hybrid counterpart should serve as enough evidence of the implausibility of such expectation. This presentation assembles numerous anecdotal evidence to illustrate the fact that hybrid dual-analysis systems must, at the very minimum, strive for consistent use of the observations in both analysis sub-components. Simpler than that, this work suggests that hybrid systems can reliably be constructed without the need to employ a dual-analysis approach. In practice, the idea of relying on a single analysis system is appealing from a cost-maintenance perspective. More generally, single-analysis systems avoid contradictions such as having to choose one sub-component to generate performance diagnostics to another, possibly not fully consistent, component.

14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... system anomaly occurring and all of its effects as determined by the single failure point analysis and... termination system. (c) Single failure point. A command control system must undergo an analysis that... fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects and criticality analysis; (2) Identify all possible...

14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... system anomaly occurring and all of its effects as determined by the single failure point analysis and... termination system. (c) Single failure point. A command control system must undergo an analysis that... fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects and criticality analysis; (2) Identify all possible...

14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... system anomaly occurring and all of its effects as determined by the single failure point analysis and... termination system. (c) Single failure point. A command control system must undergo an analysis that... fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects and criticality analysis; (2) Identify all possible...

14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... system anomaly occurring and all of its effects as determined by the single failure point analysis and... termination system. (c) Single failure point. A command control system must undergo an analysis that... fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects and criticality analysis; (2) Identify all possible...

14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... system anomaly occurring and all of its effects as determined by the single failure point analysis and... termination system. (c) Single failure point. A command control system must undergo an analysis that... fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects and criticality analysis; (2) Identify all possible...

Overview of NASA Langley's Systems Analysis Capabilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cavanaugh, Stephen; Kumar, Ajay; Brewer, Laura; Kimmel, Bill; Korte, John; Moul, Tom

2006-01-01

The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) has been in the systems analysis business line supporting National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aeronautics, exploration, space operations and science since the 1960 s. Our current organization structure is shown in Figure 1. SACD mission can be summed up in the following statements: 1. We conduct advanced concepts for Agency decision makers and programs. 2. We provide aerospace systems analysis products such as mission architectures, advanced system concepts, system and technology trades, life cycle cost and risk analysis, system integration and pre-decisional sensitive information. 3. Our work enables informed technical, programmatic and budgetary decisions. SACD has a complement of 114 government employees and approximately 50 on-site contractors which is equally split between supporting aeronautics and exploration. SACD strives for technical excellence and creditability of the systems analysis products delivered to its customers. The Directorate office is continuously building market intelligence and working with other NASA centers and external partners to expand our business base. The Branches strive for technical excellence and credibility of our systems analysis products by seeking out existing and new partnerships that are critical for successful systems analysis. The Directorates long term goal is to grow the amount of science systems analysis business base.

Systems Analysis and Integration Publications | Transportation Research |

Science.gov Websites

data Vehicle analysis Vehicle energy Vehicle modeling Vehicle simulation Wireless power transfer The NREL Systems Analysis and Integration Publications Systems Analysis and Integration Publications NREL publishes technical reports, fact sheets, and other documents about its systems analysis and

Role of IAC in large space systems thermal analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, G. K.; Skladany, J. T.; Young, J. P.

1982-01-01

Computer analysis programs to evaluate critical coupling effects that can significantly influence spacecraft system performance are described. These coupling effects arise from the varied parameters of the spacecraft systems, environments, and forcing functions associated with disciplines such as thermal, structures, and controls. Adverse effects can be expected to significantly impact system design aspects such as structural integrity, controllability, and mission performance. One such needed design analysis capability is a software system that can integrate individual discipline computer codes into a highly user-oriented/interactive-graphics-based analysis capability. The integrated analysis capability (IAC) system can be viewed as: a core framework system which serves as an integrating base whereby users can readily add desired analysis modules and as a self-contained interdisciplinary system analysis capability having a specific set of fully integrated multidisciplinary analysis programs that deal with the coupling of thermal, structures, controls, antenna radiation performance, and instrument optical performance disciplines.

Solar Dynamic Power System Stability Analysis and Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Momoh, James A.; Wang, Yanchun

1996-01-01

The objective of this research is to conduct dynamic analysis, control design, and control performance test of solar power system. Solar power system consists of generation system and distribution network system. A bench mark system is used in this research, which includes a generator with excitation system and governor, an ac/dc converter, six DDCU's and forty-eight loads. A detailed model is used for modeling generator. Excitation system is represented by a third order model. DDCU is represented by a seventh order system. The load is modeled by the combination of constant power and constant impedance. Eigen-analysis and eigen-sensitivity analysis are used for system dynamic analysis. The effects of excitation system, governor, ac/dc converter control, and the type of load on system stability are discussed. In order to improve system transient stability, nonlinear ac/dc converter control is introduced. The direct linearization method is used for control design. The dynamic analysis results show that these controls affect system stability in different ways. The parameter coordination of controllers are recommended based on the dynamic analysis. It is concluded from the present studies that system stability is improved by the coordination of control parameters and the nonlinear ac/dc converter control stabilize system oscillation caused by the load change and system fault efficiently.

Demonstration Advanced Avionics System (DAAS), Phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, A. J.; Bailey, D. G.; Gaabo, R. J.; Lahn, T. G.; Larson, J. C.; Peterson, E. M.; Schuck, J. W.; Rodgers, D. L.; Wroblewski, K. A.

1981-01-01

Demonstration advanced anionics system (DAAS) function description, hardware description, operational evaluation, and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) are provided. Projected advanced avionics system (PAAS) description, reliability analysis, cost analysis, maintainability analysis, and modularity analysis are discussed.

Tracking and data relay satellite system configuration and tradeoff study, part 1. Volume 3: Telecommunications service system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The results of the telecommunications subsystem analysis are presented. The relay system requirements and constraints, interference analysis, frequency selection, modulation and coding analysis, and the performance analysis of the relay system are included.

Identification and Analysis of National Airspace System Resource Constraints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeremy C.; Marien, Ty V.; Viken, Jeffery K.; Neitzke, Kurt W.; Kwa, Tech-Seng; Dollyhigh, Samuel M.; Fenbert, James W.; Hinze, Nicolas K.

2015-01-01

This analysis is the deliverable for the Airspace Systems Program, Systems Analysis Integration and Evaluation Project Milestone for the Systems and Portfolio Analysis (SPA) focus area SPA.4.06 Identification and Analysis of National Airspace System (NAS) Resource Constraints and Mitigation Strategies. "Identify choke points in the current and future NAS. Choke points refer to any areas in the en route, terminal, oceanic, airport, and surface operations that constrain actual demand in current and projected future operations. Use the Common Scenarios based on Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) projections of future demand developed under SPA.4.04 Tools, Methods and Scenarios Development. Analyze causes, including operational and physical constraints." The NASA analysis is complementary to a NASA Research Announcement (NRA) "Development of Tools and Analysis to Evaluate Choke Points in the National Airspace System" Contract # NNA3AB95C awarded to Logistics Management Institute, Sept 2013.

Multidisciplinary Tool for Systems Analysis of Planetary Entry, Descent, and Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samareh, Jamshid A.

2011-01-01

Systems analysis of a planetary entry (SAPE), descent, and landing (EDL) is a multidisciplinary activity in nature. SAPE improves the performance of the systems analysis team by automating and streamlining the process, and this improvement can reduce the errors that stem from manual data transfer among discipline experts. SAPE is a multidisciplinary tool for systems analysis of planetary EDL for Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Titan. It performs EDL systems analysis for any planet, operates cross-platform (i.e., Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems), uses existing software components and open-source software to avoid software licensing issues, performs low-fidelity systems analysis in one hour on a computer that is comparable to an average laptop, and keeps discipline experts in the analysis loop. SAPE uses Python, a platform-independent, open-source language, for integration and for the user interface. Development has relied heavily on the object-oriented programming capabilities that are available in Python. Modules are provided to interface with commercial and government off-the-shelf software components (e.g., thermal protection systems and finite-element analysis). SAPE currently includes the following analysis modules: geometry, trajectory, aerodynamics, aerothermal, thermal protection system, and interface for structural sizing.

Symmetry analysis for hyperbolic equilibria using a TB/dengue fever model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massoukou, R. Y. M.'Pika; Govinder, K. S.

2016-08-01

We investigate the interplay between Lie symmetry analysis and dynamical systems analysis. As an example, we take a toy model describing the spread of TB and dengue fever. We first undertake a comprehensive dynamical systems analysis including a discussion about local stability. For those regions in which such analyzes cannot be translated to global behavior, we undertake a Lie symmetry analysis. It is shown that the Lie analysis can be useful in providing information for systems where the (local) dynamical systems analysis breaks down.

Integrated Application of Active Controls (IAAC) technology to an advanced subsonic transport project: Current and advanced act control system definition study. Volume 2: Appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanks, G. W.; Shomber, H. A.; Dethman, H. A.; Gratzer, L. B.; Maeshiro, A.; Gangsaas, D.; Blight, J. D.; Buchan, S. M.; Crumb, C. B.; Dorwart, R. J.

1981-01-01

The current status of the Active Controls Technology (ACT) for the advanced subsonic transport project is investigated through analysis of the systems technical data. Control systems technologies under examination include computerized reliability analysis, pitch axis fly by wire actuator, flaperon actuation system design trade study, control law synthesis and analysis, flutter mode control and gust load alleviation analysis, and implementation of alternative ACT systems. Extensive analysis of the computer techniques involved in each system is included.

Debugging and Performance Analysis Software Tools for Peregrine System |

Science.gov Websites

High-Performance Computing | NREL Debugging and Performance Analysis Software Tools for Peregrine System Debugging and Performance Analysis Software Tools for Peregrine System Learn about debugging and performance analysis software tools available to use with the Peregrine system. Allinea

Demonstration of a Safety Analysis on a Complex System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leveson, Nancy; Alfaro, Liliana; Alvarado, Christine; Brown, Molly; Hunt, Earl B.; Jaffe, Matt; Joslyn, Susan; Pinnell, Denise; Reese, Jon; Samarziya, Jeffrey;

Precision Attitude Determination System (PADS) design and analysis. Two-axis gimbal star tracker

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

Development of the Precision Attitude Determination System (PADS) focused chiefly on the two-axis gimballed star tracker and electronics design improved from that of Precision Pointing Control System (PPCS), and application of the improved tracker for PADS at geosynchronous altitude. System design, system analysis, software design, and hardware design activities are reported. The system design encompasses the PADS configuration, system performance characteristics, component design summaries, and interface considerations. The PADS design and performance analysis includes error analysis, performance analysis via attitude determination simulation, and star tracker servo design analysis. The design of the star tracker and electronics are discussed. Sensor electronics schematics are included. A detailed characterization of the application software algorithms and computer requirements is provided.

Laser power conversion system analysis, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, W. S.; Morgan, L. L.; Forsyth, J. B.; Skratt, J. P.

1979-01-01

The orbit-to-orbit laser energy conversion system analysis established a mission model of satellites with various orbital parameters and average electrical power requirements ranging from 1 to 300 kW. The system analysis evaluated various conversion techniques, power system deployment parameters, power system electrical supplies and other critical supplies and other critical subsystems relative to various combinations of the mission model. The analysis show that the laser power system would not be competitive with current satellite power systems from weight, cost and development risk standpoints.

A Behavioral Systems Analysis of Behavior Analysis as a Scientific System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, Linda J.; Dubuque, Erick M.; Fryling, Mitch J.; Pritchard, Joshua K.

2009-01-01

Behavioral systems analyses typically address organizational problems in business and industry. However, to the extent that a behavioral system is an entity comprised of interdependent elements formed by individuals interacting toward a common goal, a scientific enterprise constitutes a behavioral system to which a behavioral systems analysis may…

The Effect of Online Systems Analysis Training on Aerospace Industry Business Performance: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burk, Erlan

2012-01-01

Aerospace companies needed additional research on technology-based training to verify expectations when enhancing human capital through online systems analysis training. The research for online systems analysis training provided aerospace companies a means to verify expectations for systems analysis technology-based training on business…

21 CFR 874.3310 - Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system. 874.3310 Section 874.3310 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... aid calibrator and analysis system. (a) Identification. A hearing aid calibrator and analysis system...

21 CFR 874.3310 - Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system. 874.3310 Section 874.3310 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... aid calibrator and analysis system. (a) Identification. A hearing aid calibrator and analysis system...

21 CFR 874.3310 - Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system. 874.3310 Section 874.3310 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... aid calibrator and analysis system. (a) Identification. A hearing aid calibrator and analysis system...

21 CFR 874.3310 - Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system. 874.3310 Section 874.3310 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... aid calibrator and analysis system. (a) Identification. A hearing aid calibrator and analysis system...

21 CFR 874.3310 - Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Hearing aid calibrator and analysis system. 874.3310 Section 874.3310 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... aid calibrator and analysis system. (a) Identification. A hearing aid calibrator and analysis system...

Spacecraft Electrical Power System (EPS) generic analysis tools and techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, Gladys M.; Sheppard, Mark A.

1992-01-01

An overview is provided of the analysis tools and techiques used in modeling the Space Station Freedom electrical power system, as well as future space vehicle power systems. The analysis capabilities of the Electrical Power System (EPS) are described and the EPS analysis tools are surveyed.

78 FR 59732 - Revisions to Design of Structures, Components, Equipment, and Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

...,'' Section 3.7.2, ``Seismic System Analysis,'' Section 3.7.3, ``Seismic Subsystem Analysis,'' Section 3.8.1... Analysis,'' (Accession No. ML13198A223); Section 3.7.3, ``Seismic Subsystem Analysis,'' (Accession No..., ``Seismic System Analysis,'' Section 3.7.3, ``Seismic Subsystem Analysis,'' Section 3.8.1, ``Concrete...

75 FR 52587 - 2009 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)/National Automotive Sampling System General...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0122] 2009 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)/National Automotive Sampling... Administration (NHTSA)--2009 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) & National Automotive Sampling System...

A UML Profile for State Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murray, Alex; Rasmussen, Robert

2010-01-01

State Analysis is a systems engineering methodology for the specification and design of control systems, developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The methodology emphasizes an analysis of the system under control in terms of States and their properties and behaviors and their effects on each other, a clear separation of the control system from the controlled system, cognizance in the control system of the controlled system's State, goal-based control built on constraining the controlled system's States, and disciplined techniques for State discovery and characterization. State Analysis (SA) introduces two key diagram types: State Effects and Goal Network diagrams. The team at JPL developed a tool for performing State Analysis. The tool includes a drawing capability, backed by a database that supports the diagram types and the organization of the elements of the SA models. But the tool does not support the usual activities of software engineering and design - a disadvantage, since systems to which State Analysis can be applied tend to be very software-intensive. This motivated the work described in this paper: the development of a preliminary Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile for State Analysis. Having this profile would enable systems engineers to specify a system using the methods and graphical language of State Analysis, which is easily linked with a larger system model in SysML (Systems Modeling Language), while also giving software engineers engaged in implementing the specified control system immediate access to and use of the SA model, in the same language, UML, used for other software design. That is, a State Analysis profile would serve as a shared modeling bridge between system and software models for the behavior aspects of the system. This paper begins with an overview of State Analysis and its underpinnings, followed by an overview of the mapping of SA constructs to the UML metamodel. It then delves into the details of these mappings and the constraints associated with them. Finally, we give an example of the use of the profile for expressing an example SA model.

System Analysis in Instructional Programming: The Initial Phases of the Program Construction Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjerstedt, Ake

A three-volume series describes the construction of a self-instructional system as a work process with three main phases: system analysis, system synthesis, and system modification and evaluation. After an introductory discussion of some basic principles of instructional programing, this first volume focuses on the system analysis phase,…

Development of a sensitivity analysis technique for multiloop flight control systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaillard, A. H.; Paduano, J.; Downing, D. R.

1985-01-01

This report presents the development and application of a sensitivity analysis technique for multiloop flight control systems. This analysis yields very useful information on the sensitivity of the relative-stability criteria of the control system, with variations or uncertainties in the system and controller elements. The sensitivity analysis technique developed is based on the computation of the singular values and singular-value gradients of a feedback-control system. The method is applicable to single-input/single-output as well as multiloop continuous-control systems. Application to sampled-data systems is also explored. The sensitivity analysis technique was applied to a continuous yaw/roll damper stability augmentation system of a typical business jet, and the results show that the analysis is very useful in determining the system elements which have the largest effect on the relative stability of the closed-loop system. As a secondary product of the research reported here, the relative stability criteria based on the concept of singular values were explored.

Systems Analysis for Librarians and Information Professionals. Second Edition. Library and Information Science Text Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, Larry N.; Nakamura, Margaret

This textbook covering the basic techniques of systems analysis targeted to the librarian or information professional contains the following chapters: (1) Understanding Systems Analysis; (2) The Historical Development of Systems Analysis; (3) The Human Element; (4) Identifying and Defining Problems; (5) Collecting Data; (6) Analyzing and…

Large space antennas: A systems analysis case history

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keafer, Lloyd S. (Compiler); Lovelace, U. M. (Compiler)

1987-01-01

The value of systems analysis and engineering is aptly demonstrated by the work on Large Space Antennas (LSA) by the NASA Langley Spacecraft Analysis Branch. This work was accomplished over the last half-decade by augmenting traditional system engineering, analysis, and design techniques with computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques using the Langley-developed Interactive Design and Evaluation of Advanced Spacecraft (IDEAS) system. This report chronicles the research highlights and special systems analyses that focused the LSA work on deployable truss antennas. It notes developmental trends toward greater use of CAE techniques in their design and analysis. A look to the future envisions the application of improved systems analysis capabilities to advanced space systems such as an advanced space station or to lunar and Martian missions and human habitats.

Motion Analysis System for Instruction of Nihon Buyo using Motion Capture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shinoda, Yukitaka; Murakami, Shingo; Watanabe, Yuta; Mito, Yuki; Watanuma, Reishi; Marumo, Mieko

The passing on and preserving of advanced technical skills has become an important issue in a variety of fields, and motion analysis using motion capture has recently become popular in the research of advanced physical skills. This research aims to construct a system having a high on-site instructional effect on dancers learning Nihon Buyo, a traditional dance in Japan, and to classify Nihon Buyo dancing according to style, school, and dancer's proficiency by motion analysis. We have been able to study motion analysis systems for teaching Nihon Buyo now that body-motion data can be digitized and stored by motion capture systems using high-performance computers. Thus, with the aim of developing a user-friendly instruction-support system, we have constructed a motion analysis system that displays a dancer's time series of body motions and center of gravity for instructional purposes. In this paper, we outline this instructional motion analysis system based on three-dimensional position data obtained by motion capture. We also describe motion analysis that we performed based on center-of-gravity data obtained by this system and motion analysis focusing on school and age group using this system.

Space Shuttle program communication and tracking systems interface analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dodds, J. G.; Holmes, J. K.; Huth, G. K.; Iwasaki, R. S.; Nilsen, P. W.; Polydoros, A.; Sampaio, D. R.; Udalov, S.

1984-01-01

The Space Shuttle Program Communications and Tracking Systems Interface Analysis began April 18, 1983. During this time, the shuttle communication and tracking systems began flight testing. Two areas of analysis documented were a result of observations made during flight tests. These analyses involved the Ku-band communication system. First, there was a detailed analysis of the interface between the solar max data format and the Ku-band communication system including the TDRSS ground station. The second analysis involving the Ku-band communication system was an analysis of the frequency lock loop of the Gunn oscillator used to generate the transmit frequency. The stability of the frequency lock loop was investigated and changes to the design were reviewed to alleviate the potential loss of data due the loop losing lock and entering the reacquisition mode. Other areas of investigation were the S-band antenna analysis and RF coverage analysis.

Box truss analysis and technology development. Task 1: Mesh analysis and control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachtell, E. E.; Bettadapur, S. S.; Coyner, J. V.

1985-01-01

An analytical tool was developed to model, analyze and predict RF performance of box truss antennas with reflective mesh surfaces. The analysis system is unique in that it integrates custom written programs for cord tied mesh surfaces, thereby drastically reducing the cost of analysis. The analysis system is capable of determining the RF performance of antennas under any type of manufacturing or operating environment by integrating together the various disciplines of design, finite element analysis, surface best fit analysis and RF analysis. The Integrated Mesh Analysis System consists of six separate programs: The Mesh Tie System Model Generator, The Loadcase Generator, The Model Optimizer, The Model Solver, The Surface Topography Solver and The RF Performance Solver. Additionally, a study using the mesh analysis system was performed to determine the effect of on orbit calibration, i.e., surface adjustment, on a typical box truss antenna.

14 CFR 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. (a) Proper fuel system functioning under all probable operating conditions must be shown... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fuel system analysis and test. 25.952...

14 CFR 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. (a) Proper fuel system functioning under all probable operating conditions must be shown... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fuel system analysis and test. 25.952...

14 CFR 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. (a) Proper fuel system functioning under all probable operating conditions must be shown... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fuel system analysis and test. 25.952...

14 CFR 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. (a) Proper fuel system functioning under all probable operating conditions must be shown... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fuel system analysis and test. 25.952...

14 CFR 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Fuel System § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. (a) Proper fuel system functioning under all probable operating conditions must be shown... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fuel system analysis and test. 25.952...

Enhancing TSM&O strategies through life cycle benefit/cost analysis : life cycle benefit/cost analysis & life cycle assessment of adaptive traffic control systems and ramp metering systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

The research team developed a comprehensive Benefit/Cost (B/C) analysis framework to evaluate existing and anticipated : intelligent transportation system (ITS) strategies, particularly, adaptive traffic control systems and ramp metering systems, : i...

Energy Analysis Publications | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Systems Impact Analysis We perform impact analysis to evaluate and understand the impact of markets publications. Featured Publications Complex Systems Analysis Complex systems analysis integrates all aspects of , policies, and financing on technology uptake and the impact of new technologies on markets and policy

Dynamics analysis of the fast-slow hydro-turbine governing system with different time-scale coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hao; Chen, Diyi; Wu, Changzhi; Wang, Xiangyu

2018-01-01

Multi-time scales modeling of hydro-turbine governing system is crucial in precise modeling of hydropower plant and provides support for the stability analysis of the system. Considering the inertia and response time of the hydraulic servo system, the hydro-turbine governing system is transformed into the fast-slow hydro-turbine governing system. The effects of the time-scale on the dynamical behavior of the system are analyzed and the fast-slow dynamical behaviors of the system are investigated with different time-scale. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the stable regions is presented. The influences of the time-scale on the stable region are analyzed by simulation. The simulation results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis. More importantly, the methods and results of this paper provide a perspective to multi-time scales modeling of hydro-turbine governing system and contribute to the optimization analysis and control of the system.

Integrating computer programs for engineering analysis and design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilhite, A. W.; Crisp, V. K.; Johnson, S. C.

1983-01-01

The design of a third-generation system for integrating computer programs for engineering and design has been developed for the Aerospace Vehicle Interactive Design (AVID) system. This system consists of an engineering data management system, program interface software, a user interface, and a geometry system. A relational information system (ARIS) was developed specifically for the computer-aided engineering system. It is used for a repository of design data that are communicated between analysis programs, for a dictionary that describes these design data, for a directory that describes the analysis programs, and for other system functions. A method is described for interfacing independent analysis programs into a loosely-coupled design system. This method emphasizes an interactive extension of analysis techniques and manipulation of design data. Also, integrity mechanisms exist to maintain database correctness for multidisciplinary design tasks by an individual or a team of specialists. Finally, a prototype user interface program has been developed to aid in system utilization.

1991 NASA Life Support Systems Analysis workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evanich, Peggy L.; Crabb, Thomas M.; Gartrell, Charles F.

1992-01-01

The 1991 Life Support Systems Analysis Workshop was sponsored by NASA Headquarters' Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) to foster communication among NASA, industrial, and academic specialists, and to integrate their inputs and disseminate information to them. The overall objective of systems analysis within the Life Support Technology Program of OAST is to identify, guide the development of, and verify designs which will increase the performance of the life support systems on component, subsystem, and system levels for future human space missions. The specific goals of this workshop were to report on the status of systems analysis capabilities, to integrate the chemical processing industry technologies, and to integrate recommendations for future technology developments related to systems analysis for life support systems. The workshop included technical presentations, discussions, and interactive planning, with time allocated for discussion of both technology status and time-phased technology development recommendations. Key personnel from NASA, industry, and academia delivered inputs and presentations on the status and priorities of current and future systems analysis methods and requirements.

Evaluation of Graph Pattern Matching Workloads in Graph Analysis Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hong, Seokyong; Lee, Sangkeun; Lim, Seung-Hwan

2016-01-01

Graph analysis has emerged as a powerful method for data scientists to represent, integrate, query, and explore heterogeneous data sources. As a result, graph data management and mining became a popular area of research, and led to the development of plethora of systems in recent years. Unfortunately, the number of emerging graph analysis systems and the wide range of applications, coupled with a lack of apples-to-apples comparisons, make it difficult to understand the trade-offs between different systems and the graph operations for which they are designed. A fair comparison of these systems is a challenging task for the following reasons:more » multiple data models, non-standardized serialization formats, various query interfaces to users, and diverse environments they operate in. To address these key challenges, in this paper we present a new benchmark suite by extending the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM) to cover the most common capabilities of various graph analysis systems. We provide the design process of the benchmark, which generalizes the workflow for data scientists to conduct the desired graph analysis on different graph analysis systems. Equipped with this extended benchmark suite, we present performance comparison for nine subgraph pattern retrieval operations over six graph analysis systems, namely NetworkX, Neo4j, Jena, Titan, GraphX, and uRiKA. Through the proposed benchmark suite, this study reveals both quantitative and qualitative findings in (1) implications in loading data into each system; (2) challenges in describing graph patterns for each query interface; and (3) different sensitivity of each system to query selectivity. We envision that this study will pave the road for: (i) data scientists to select the suitable graph analysis systems, and (ii) data management system designers to advance graph analysis systems.« less

Research on design connotation of hair drier system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yongchuan; Wu, Qiong

2018-04-01

After the analysis and summary of the research on the design of hair drier system, the system design is focused on. Product system design is not only to study its entity, but also is recognized as the part, element and component with a systematic feature to deeply analyze the innovation way of product system design, which is taken as its concept to carry out the association analysis on the component elements of hair driers and the overall analysis and study on the system design process of hair dryers. The product life cycle is taken as the main goal, through system analysis, system synthesis and system optimization, to solve the problems of product design. It is of great practical significance.

The environment power system analysis tool development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jongeward, Gary A.; Kuharski, Robert A.; Kennedy, Eric M.; Stevens, N. John; Putnam, Rand M.; Roche, James C.; Wilcox, Katherine G.

1990-01-01

The Environment Power System Analysis Tool (EPSAT) is being developed to provide space power system design engineers with an analysis tool for determining system performance of power systems in both naturally occurring and self-induced environments. The program is producing an easy to use computer aided engineering (CAE) tool general enough to provide a vehicle for technology transfer from space scientists and engineers to power system design engineers. The results of the project after two years of a three year development program are given. The EPSAT approach separates the CAE tool into three distinct functional units: a modern user interface to present information, a data dictionary interpreter to coordinate analysis; and a data base for storing system designs and results of analysis.

Interactive Image Analysis System Design,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

This report describes a design for an interactive image analysis system (IIAS), which implements terrain data extraction techniques. The design... analysis system. Additionally, the system is fully capable of supporting many generic types of image analysis and data processing, and is modularly...employs commercially available, state of the art minicomputers and image display devices with proven software to achieve a cost effective, reliable image

Application of the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) for Dynamic Systems Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey; Zinnecker, Alicia

2014-01-01

Systems analysis involves steady-state simulations of combined components to evaluate the steady-state performance, weight, and cost of a system; dynamic considerations are not included until later in the design process. The Dynamic Systems Analysis task, under NASAs Fixed Wing project, is developing the capability for assessing dynamic issues at earlier stages during systems analysis. To provide this capability the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) has been developed to design a single flight condition controller (defined as altitude and Mach number) and, ultimately, provide an estimate of the closed-loop performance of the engine model. This tool has been integrated with the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation 40,000(CMAPSS40k) engine model to demonstrate the additional information TTECTrA makes available for dynamic systems analysis. This dynamic data can be used to evaluate the trade-off between performance and safety, which could not be done with steady-state systems analysis data. TTECTrA has been designed to integrate with any turbine engine model that is compatible with the MATLABSimulink (The MathWorks, Inc.) environment.

Application of the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) for Dynamic Systems Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey Thomas; Zinnecker, Alicia Mae

2014-01-01

Systems analysis involves steady-state simulations of combined components to evaluate the steady-state performance, weight, and cost of a system; dynamic considerations are not included until later in the design process. The Dynamic Systems Analysis task, under NASAs Fixed Wing project, is developing the capability for assessing dynamic issues at earlier stages during systems analysis. To provide this capability the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) has been developed to design a single flight condition controller (defined as altitude and Mach number) and, ultimately, provide an estimate of the closed-loop performance of the engine model. This tool has been integrated with the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation 40,000 (CMAPSS 40k) engine model to demonstrate the additional information TTECTrA makes available for dynamic systems analysis. This dynamic data can be used to evaluate the trade-off between performance and safety, which could not be done with steady-state systems analysis data. TTECTrA has been designed to integrate with any turbine engine model that is compatible with the MATLAB Simulink (The MathWorks, Inc.) environment.

Medical Image Analysis by Cognitive Information Systems - a Review.

PubMed

Ogiela, Lidia; Takizawa, Makoto

2016-10-01

This publication presents a review of medical image analysis systems. The paradigms of cognitive information systems will be presented by examples of medical image analysis systems. The semantic processes present as it is applied to different types of medical images. Cognitive information systems were defined on the basis of methods for the semantic analysis and interpretation of information - medical images - applied to cognitive meaning of medical images contained in analyzed data sets. Semantic analysis was proposed to analyzed the meaning of data. Meaning is included in information, for example in medical images. Medical image analysis will be presented and discussed as they are applied to various types of medical images, presented selected human organs, with different pathologies. Those images were analyzed using different classes of cognitive information systems. Cognitive information systems dedicated to medical image analysis was also defined for the decision supporting tasks. This process is very important for example in diagnostic and therapy processes, in the selection of semantic aspects/features, from analyzed data sets. Those features allow to create a new way of analysis.

Methodology for object-oriented real-time systems analysis and design: Software engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schoeffler, James D.

1991-01-01

Successful application of software engineering methodologies requires an integrated analysis and design life-cycle in which the various phases flow smoothly 'seamlessly' from analysis through design to implementation. Furthermore, different analysis methodologies often lead to different structuring of the system so that the transition from analysis to design may be awkward depending on the design methodology to be used. This is especially important when object-oriented programming is to be used for implementation when the original specification and perhaps high-level design is non-object oriented. Two approaches to real-time systems analysis which can lead to an object-oriented design are contrasted: (1) modeling the system using structured analysis with real-time extensions which emphasizes data and control flows followed by the abstraction of objects where the operations or methods of the objects correspond to processes in the data flow diagrams and then design in terms of these objects; and (2) modeling the system from the beginning as a set of naturally occurring concurrent entities (objects) each having its own time-behavior defined by a set of states and state-transition rules and seamlessly transforming the analysis models into high-level design models. A new concept of a 'real-time systems-analysis object' is introduced and becomes the basic building block of a series of seamlessly-connected models which progress from the object-oriented real-time systems analysis and design system analysis logical models through the physical architectural models and the high-level design stages. The methodology is appropriate to the overall specification including hardware and software modules. In software modules, the systems analysis objects are transformed into software objects.

Probabilistic structural analysis methods for select space propulsion system components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Millwater, H. R.; Cruse, T. A.

1989-01-01

The Probabilistic Structural Analysis Methods (PSAM) project developed at the Southwest Research Institute integrates state-of-the-art structural analysis techniques with probability theory for the design and analysis of complex large-scale engineering structures. An advanced efficient software system (NESSUS) capable of performing complex probabilistic analysis has been developed. NESSUS contains a number of software components to perform probabilistic analysis of structures. These components include: an expert system, a probabilistic finite element code, a probabilistic boundary element code and a fast probability integrator. The NESSUS software system is shown. An expert system is included to capture and utilize PSAM knowledge and experience. NESSUS/EXPERT is an interactive menu-driven expert system that provides information to assist in the use of the probabilistic finite element code NESSUS/FEM and the fast probability integrator (FPI). The expert system menu structure is summarized. The NESSUS system contains a state-of-the-art nonlinear probabilistic finite element code, NESSUS/FEM, to determine the structural response and sensitivities. A broad range of analysis capabilities and an extensive element library is present.

Analysis of a document/reporting system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Narrow, B.

1971-01-01

An in-depth analysis of the information system within the Data Processing Branch is presented. Quantitative measures are used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the information system. It is believed that this is the first documented study which utilizes quantitative measures for full scale system analysis. The quantitative measures and techniques for collecting and qualifying the basic data, as described, are applicable to any information system. Therefore this report is considered to be of interest to any persons concerned with the management design, analysis or evaluation of information systems.

Detailed requirements document for the integrated structural analysis system, phase B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rainey, J. A.

1976-01-01

The requirements are defined for a software system entitled integrated Structural Analysis System (ISAS) Phase B which is being developed to provide the user with a tool by which a complete and detailed analysis of a complex structural system can be performed. This software system will allow for automated interface with numerous structural analysis batch programs and for user interaction in the creation, selection, and validation of data. This system will include modifications to the 4 functions developed for ISAS, and the development of 25 new functions. The new functions are described.

Vibration signature analysis of multistage gear transmission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choy, F. K.; Tu, Y. K.; Savage, M.; Townsend, D. P.

1989-01-01

An analysis is presented for multistage multimesh gear transmission systems. The analysis predicts the overall system dynamics and the transmissibility to the gear box or the enclosed structure. The modal synthesis approach of the analysis treats the uncoupled lateral/torsional model characteristics of each stage or component independently. The vibration signature analysis evaluates the global dynamics coupling in the system. The method synthesizes the interaction of each modal component or stage with the nonlinear gear mesh dynamics and the modal support geometry characteristics. The analysis simulates transient and steady state vibration events to determine the resulting torque variations, speeds, changes, rotor imbalances, and support gear box motion excitations. A vibration signature analysis examines the overall dynamic characteristics of the system, and the individual model component responses. The gear box vibration analysis also examines the spectral characteristics of the support system.

Standardisation of DNA quantitation by image analysis: quality control of instrumentation.

PubMed

Puech, M; Giroud, F

1999-05-01

DNA image analysis is frequently performed in clinical practice as a prognostic tool and to improve diagnosis. The precision of prognosis and diagnosis depends on the accuracy of analysis and particularly on the quality of image analysis systems. It has been reported that image analysis systems used for DNA quantification differ widely in their characteristics (Thunissen et al.: Cytometry 27: 21-25, 1997). This induces inter-laboratory variations when the same sample is analysed in different laboratories. In microscopic image analysis, the principal instrumentation errors arise from the optical and electronic parts of systems. They bring about problems of instability, non-linearity, and shading and glare phenomena. The aim of this study is to establish tools and standardised quality control procedures for microscopic image analysis systems. Specific reference standard slides have been developed to control instability, non-linearity, shading and glare phenomena and segmentation efficiency. Some systems have been controlled with these tools and these quality control procedures. Interpretation criteria and accuracy limits of these quality control procedures are proposed according to the conclusions of a European project called PRESS project (Prototype Reference Standard Slide). Beyond these limits, tested image analysis systems are not qualified to realise precise DNA analysis. The different procedures presented in this work determine if an image analysis system is qualified to deliver sufficiently precise DNA measurements for cancer case analysis. If the controlled systems are beyond the defined limits, some recommendations are given to find a solution to the problem.

Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the US Geological Survey; bibliography, 1978-86

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weeks, J.B.; Sun, Ren Jen

1987-01-01

The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey was initiated in 1978. The purpose of this program is to define the regional geohydrology and establish a framework of background information on geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the Nation 's important aquifer systems. This information is needed to develop an understanding of the Nation 's major groundwater flow systems and to support better groundwater resources management. As of 1986, investigations of 28 regional aquifer systems were planned, investigations of 9 regional aquifer systems were completed, and 11 regional aquifer systems were being studied. This report is a bibliography of reports completed under the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program from 1978 through 1986. The reports resulting from each regional aquifer-system study are listed after an introduction to the study. During 1978-86, 488 reports were completed under the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, and 168 reports which were partially funded by the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program were completed under the National Research Program. (Author 's abstract)

Application of structured analysis to a telerobotic system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dashman, Eric; Mclin, David; Harrison, F. W.; Soloway, Donald; Young, Steven

1990-01-01

The analysis and evaluation of a multiple arm telerobotic research and demonstration system developed by the NASA Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (ISRL) is described. Structured analysis techniques were used to develop a detailed requirements model of an existing telerobotic testbed. Performance models generated during this process were used to further evaluate the total system. A commercial CASE tool called Teamwork was used to carry out the structured analysis and development of the functional requirements model. A structured analysis and design process using the ISRL telerobotic system as a model is described. Evaluation of this system focused on the identification of bottlenecks in this implementation. The results demonstrate that the use of structured methods and analysis tools can give useful performance information early in a design cycle. This information can be used to ensure that the proposed system meets its design requirements before it is built.

Systemic Analysis Approaches for Air Transportation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conway, Sheila

2005-01-01

Air transportation system designers have had only limited success using traditional operations research and parametric modeling approaches in their analyses of innovations. They need a systemic methodology for modeling of safety-critical infrastructure that is comprehensive, objective, and sufficiently concrete, yet simple enough to be used with reasonable investment. The methodology must also be amenable to quantitative analysis so issues of system safety and stability can be rigorously addressed. However, air transportation has proven itself an extensive, complex system whose behavior is difficult to describe, no less predict. There is a wide range of system analysis techniques available, but some are more appropriate for certain applications than others. Specifically in the area of complex system analysis, the literature suggests that both agent-based models and network analysis techniques may be useful. This paper discusses the theoretical basis for each approach in these applications, and explores their historic and potential further use for air transportation analysis.

23 CFR 940.11 - Project implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... projects funded with highway trust funds shall be based on a systems engineering analysis. (b) The analysis should be on a scale commensurate with the project scope. (c) The systems engineering analysis shall... definitions; (4) Analysis of alternative system configurations and technology options to meet requirements; (5...

23 CFR 940.11 - Project implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... projects funded with highway trust funds shall be based on a systems engineering analysis. (b) The analysis should be on a scale commensurate with the project scope. (c) The systems engineering analysis shall... definitions; (4) Analysis of alternative system configurations and technology options to meet requirements; (5...

23 CFR 940.11 - Project implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... projects funded with highway trust funds shall be based on a systems engineering analysis. (b) The analysis should be on a scale commensurate with the project scope. (c) The systems engineering analysis shall... definitions; (4) Analysis of alternative system configurations and technology options to meet requirements; (5...

23 CFR 940.11 - Project implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... projects funded with highway trust funds shall be based on a systems engineering analysis. (b) The analysis should be on a scale commensurate with the project scope. (c) The systems engineering analysis shall... definitions; (4) Analysis of alternative system configurations and technology options to meet requirements; (5...

23 CFR 940.11 - Project implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... projects funded with highway trust funds shall be based on a systems engineering analysis. (b) The analysis should be on a scale commensurate with the project scope. (c) The systems engineering analysis shall... definitions; (4) Analysis of alternative system configurations and technology options to meet requirements; (5...

Coupled dynamics analysis of wind energy systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, J. A.

1977-01-01

A qualitative description of all key elements of a complete wind energy system computer analysis code is presented. The analysis system addresses the coupled dynamics characteristics of wind energy systems, including the interactions of the rotor, tower, nacelle, power train, control system, and electrical network. The coupled dynamics are analyzed in both the frequency and time domain to provide the basic motions and loads data required for design, performance verification and operations analysis activities. Elements of the coupled analysis code were used to design and analyze candidate rotor articulation concepts. Fundamental results and conclusions derived from these studies are presented.

New multivariable capabilities of the INCA program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, Frank H.; Downing, John P.; Thorpe, Christopher J.

1989-01-01

The INteractive Controls Analysis (INCA) program was developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to provide a user friendly, efficient environment for the design and analysis of control systems, specifically spacecraft control systems. Since its inception, INCA has found extensive use in the design, development, and analysis of control systems for spacecraft, instruments, robotics, and pointing systems. The (INCA) program was initially developed as a comprehensive classical design analysis tool for small and large order control systems. The latest version of INCA, expected to be released in February of 1990, was expanded to include the capability to perform multivariable controls analysis and design.

Causal inference in nonlinear systems: Granger causality versus time-delayed mutual information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Songting; Xiao, Yanyang; Zhou, Douglas; Cai, David

2018-05-01

The Granger causality (GC) analysis has been extensively applied to infer causal interactions in dynamical systems arising from economy and finance, physics, bioinformatics, neuroscience, social science, and many other fields. In the presence of potential nonlinearity in these systems, the validity of the GC analysis in general is questionable. To illustrate this, here we first construct minimal nonlinear systems and show that the GC analysis fails to infer causal relations in these systems—it gives rise to all types of incorrect causal directions. In contrast, we show that the time-delayed mutual information (TDMI) analysis is able to successfully identify the direction of interactions underlying these nonlinear systems. We then apply both methods to neuroscience data collected from experiments and demonstrate that the TDMI analysis but not the GC analysis can identify the direction of interactions among neuronal signals. Our work exemplifies inference hazards in the GC analysis in nonlinear systems and suggests that the TDMI analysis can be an appropriate tool in such a case.

48 CFR 215.404 - Proposal analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Proposal analysis. 215.404 Section 215.404 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT... Proposal analysis. ...

48 CFR 215.404 - Proposal analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Proposal analysis. 215.404 Section 215.404 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT... Proposal analysis. ...

Fast Computation and Assessment Methods in Power System Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagata, Masaki

Power system analysis is essential for efficient and reliable power system operation and control. Recently, online security assessment system has become of importance, as more efficient use of power networks is eagerly required. In this article, fast power system analysis techniques such as contingency screening, parallel processing and intelligent systems application are briefly surveyed from the view point of their application to online dynamic security assessment.

First On-Site Data Analysis System for Subaru/Suprime-Cam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furusawa, Hisanori; Okura, Yuki; Mineo, Sogo; Takata, Tadafumi; Nakata, Fumiaki; Tanaka, Manobu; Katayama, Nobuhiko; Itoh, Ryosuke; Yasuda, Naoki; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Utsumi, Yousuke; Uchida, Tomohisa; Aihara, Hiroaki

2011-03-01

We developed an automated on-site quick analysis system for mosaic CCD data of Suprime-Cam, which is a wide-field camera mounted at the prime focus of the Subaru Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The first version of the data-analysis system was constructed, and started to operate in general observations. This system is a new function of observing support at the Subaru Telescope to provide the Subaru user community with an automated on-site data evaluation, aiming at improvements of observers' productivity, especially in large imaging surveys. The new system assists the data evaluation tasks in observations by the continuous monitoring of the characteristics of every data frame during observations. The evaluation results and data frames processed by this system are also useful for reducing the data-processing time in a full analysis after an observation. The primary analysis functions implemented in the data-analysis system are composed of automated realtime analysis for data evaluation and on-demand analysis, which is executed upon request, including mosaicing analysis and flat making analysis. In data evaluation, which is controlled by the organizing software, the database keeps track of the analysis histories, as well as the evaluated values of data frames, including seeing and sky background levels; it also helps in the selection of frames for mosaicing and flat making analysis. We examined the system performance and confirmed an improvement in the data-processing time by a factor of 9 with the aid of distributed parallel data processing and on-memory data processing, which makes the automated data evaluation effective.

Behavior Analysis in Distance Education: A Systems Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coldeway, Dan O.

1987-01-01

Describes a model of instructional theory relevant to individualized distance education that is based on Keller's Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), behavior analysis, and the instructional systems development model (ISD). Systems theory is emphasized, and ISD and behavior analysis are discussed as cybernetic processes. (LRW)

Requirements Analysis for Information-Intensive Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callender, E. D.; Hartsough, C.; Morris, R. V.; Yamamoto, Y.

1986-01-01

Report discusses role of requirements analysis in development of information-intensive systems. System examined from variety of human viewpoints during design, development, and implementation. Such examination, called requirements analysis, ensures system simultaneously meets number of distinct but interacting needs. Viewpoints defined and integrated to help attain objectives.

A Mapping from the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (DOD-HFACS) to the Domains of Human Systems Integration (HSI)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 A MAPPING FROM THE HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (DOD...OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE NOV 2009 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A Mapping from the Human Factors Analysis ...7 The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System .................................................. 7 Mapping of DoD

Model-Based Safety Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joshi, Anjali; Heimdahl, Mats P. E.; Miller, Steven P.; Whalen, Mike W.

2006-01-01

System safety analysis techniques are well established and are used extensively during the design of safety-critical systems. Despite this, most of the techniques are highly subjective and dependent on the skill of the practitioner. Since these analyses are usually based on an informal system model, it is unlikely that they will be complete, consistent, and error free. In fact, the lack of precise models of the system architecture and its failure modes often forces the safety analysts to devote much of their effort to gathering architectural details about the system behavior from several sources and embedding this information in the safety artifacts such as the fault trees. This report describes Model-Based Safety Analysis, an approach in which the system and safety engineers share a common system model created using a model-based development process. By extending the system model with a fault model as well as relevant portions of the physical system to be controlled, automated support can be provided for much of the safety analysis. We believe that by using a common model for both system and safety engineering and automating parts of the safety analysis, we can both reduce the cost and improve the quality of the safety analysis. Here we present our vision of model-based safety analysis and discuss the advantages and challenges in making this approach practical.

System Analysis Applied to Autonomy: Application to High-Altitude Long-Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Larry A.; Yetter, Jeffrey A.; Guynn, Mark D.

2006-01-01

Maturation of intelligent systems technologies and their incorporation into aerial platforms are dictating the development of new analysis tools and incorporation of such tools into existing system analysis methodologies in order to fully capture the trade-offs of autonomy on vehicle and mission success. A first-order "system analysis of autonomy" methodology is outlined in this paper. Further, this analysis methodology is subsequently applied to notional high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aerial vehicle missions.

Economic analysis of the space shuttle system, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

An economic analysis of the space shuttle system is presented. The analysis is based on economic benefits, recurring costs, non-recurring costs, and ecomomic tradeoff functions. The most economic space shuttle configuration is determined on the basis of: (1) objectives of reusable space transportation system, (2) various space transportation systems considered and (3) alternative space shuttle systems.

Critical Education for Systemic Change: A World-Systems Analysis Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffiths, Tom G.

2015-01-01

This paper both draws on, and seeks to apply, world-systems analysis to a broad, critical education project that builds mass schooling's potential contribution to the process of world-systemic change. In short, this is done by first setting out the world-systems analysis account of the current state, and period of transition, of the capitalist…

A Preliminary Study on Gender Differences in Studying Systems Analysis and Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Fion S. L.; Wong, Kelvin C. K.

2017-01-01

Systems analysis and design is a crucial task in system development and is included in a typical information systems programme as a core course. This paper presented a preliminary study on gender differences in studying a systems analysis and design course of an undergraduate programme. Results indicated that male students outperformed female…

Evidential Reasoning in Expert Systems for Image Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

techniques to image analysis (IA). There is growing evidence that these techniques offer significant improvements in image analysis , particularly in the...2) to provide a common framework for analysis, (3) to structure the ER process for major expert-system tasks in image analysis , and (4) to identify...approaches to three important tasks for expert systems in the domain of image analysis . This segment concluded with an assessment of the strengths

SEU System Analysis: Not Just the Sum of All Parts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie D.; Label, Kenneth

2014-01-01

Single event upset (SEU) analysis of complex systems is challenging. Currently, system SEU analysis is performed by component level partitioning and then either: the most dominant SEU cross-sections (SEUs) are used in system error rate calculations; or the partition SEUs are summed to eventually obtain a system error rate. In many cases, system error rates are overestimated because these methods generally overlook system level derating factors. The problem with overestimating is that it can cause overdesign and consequently negatively affect the following: cost, schedule, functionality, and validation/verification. The scope of this presentation is to discuss the risks involved with our current scheme of SEU analysis for complex systems; and to provide alternative methods for improvement.

A performance analysis method for distributed real-time robotic systems: A case study of remote teleoperation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lefebvre, D. R.; Sanderson, A. C.

1994-01-01

Robot coordination and control systems for remote teleoperation applications are by necessity implemented on distributed computers. Modeling and performance analysis of these distributed robotic systems is difficult, but important for economic system design. Performance analysis methods originally developed for conventional distributed computer systems are often unsatisfactory for evaluating real-time systems. The paper introduces a formal model of distributed robotic control systems; and a performance analysis method, based on scheduling theory, which can handle concurrent hard-real-time response specifications. Use of the method is illustrated by a case of remote teleoperation which assesses the effect of communication delays and the allocation of robot control functions on control system hardware requirements.

75 FR 60493 - Advisory Circular 120-79A, Developing and Implementing an Air Carrier Continuing Analysis and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... and Implementing an Air Carrier Continuing Analysis and Surveillance System AGENCY: Federal Aviation... Analysis and Surveillance System''. This new advisory circular (AC) updates AC 120-79 originally issued on... Analysis and Surveillance System (CASS) required for commercial operators and air carriers certificated...

System Analysis Applied to Autonomy: Application to Human-Rated Lunar/Mars Landers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Larry A.

2006-01-01

System analysis is an essential technical discipline for the modern design of spacecraft and their associated missions. Specifically, system analysis is a powerful aid in identifying and prioritizing the required technologies needed for mission and/or vehicle development efforts. Maturation of intelligent systems technologies, and their incorporation into spacecraft systems, are dictating the development of new analysis tools, and incorporation of such tools into existing system analysis methodologies, in order to fully capture the trade-offs of autonomy on vehicle and mission success. A "system analysis of autonomy" methodology will be outlined and applied to a set of notional human-rated lunar/Mars lander missions toward answering these questions: 1. what is the optimum level of vehicle autonomy and intelligence required? and 2. what are the specific attributes of an autonomous system implementation essential for a given surface lander mission/application in order to maximize mission success? Future human-rated lunar/Mars landers, though nominally under the control of their crew, will, nonetheless, be highly automated systems. These automated systems will range from mission/flight control functions, to vehicle health monitoring and prognostication, to life-support and other "housekeeping" functions. The optimum degree of autonomy afforded to these spacecraft systems/functions has profound implications from an exploration system architecture standpoint.

Systems thinking, the Swiss Cheese Model and accident analysis: a comparative systemic analysis of the Grayrigg train derailment using the ATSB, AcciMap and STAMP models.

PubMed

Underwood, Peter; Waterson, Patrick

2014-07-01

The Swiss Cheese Model (SCM) is the most popular accident causation model and is widely used throughout various industries. A debate exists in the research literature over whether the SCM remains a viable tool for accident analysis. Critics of the model suggest that it provides a sequential, oversimplified view of accidents. Conversely, proponents suggest that it embodies the concepts of systems theory, as per the contemporary systemic analysis techniques. The aim of this paper was to consider whether the SCM can provide a systems thinking approach and remain a viable option for accident analysis. To achieve this, the train derailment at Grayrigg was analysed with an SCM-based model (the ATSB accident investigation model) and two systemic accident analysis methods (AcciMap and STAMP). The analysis outputs and usage of the techniques were compared. The findings of the study showed that each model applied the systems thinking approach. However, the ATSB model and AcciMap graphically presented their findings in a more succinct manner, whereas STAMP more clearly embodied the concepts of systems theory. The study suggests that, whilst the selection of an analysis method is subject to trade-offs that practitioners and researchers must make, the SCM remains a viable model for accident analysis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multisensor Image Analysis System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-15

AD-A263 679 II Uli! 91 Multisensor Image Analysis System Final Report Authors. Dr. G. M. Flachs Dr. Michael Giles Dr. Jay Jordan Dr. Eric...or decision, unless so designated by other documentation. 93-09739 *>ft s n~. now illlllM3lMVf Multisensor Image Analysis System Final...Multisensor Image Analysis System 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED FINAL: LQj&tt-Z JZOfVL 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 93 > 6. AUTHOR(S) Drs. Gerald

TADS--A CFD-Based Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System with GUI: User's Manual. 2.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koiro, M. J.; Myers, R. A.; Delaney, R. A.

1999-01-01

The primary objective of this study was the development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based turbomachinery airfoil analysis and design system, controlled by a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The computer codes resulting from this effort are referred to as TADS (Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System). This document is intended to serve as a User's Manual for the computer programs which comprise the TADS system, developed under Task 18 of NASA Contract NAS3-27350, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI and Task 10 of NASA Contract NAS3-27394, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI, Phase II-Loss, Design and, Multi-stage Analysis. TADS couples a throughflow solver (ADPAC) with a quasi-3D blade-to-blade solver (RVCQ3D) in an interactive package. Throughflow analysis and design capability was developed in ADPAC through the addition of blade force and blockage terms to the governing equations. A GUI was developed to simplify user input and automate the many tasks required to perform turbomachinery analysis and design. The coupling of the various programs was done in such a way that alternative solvers or grid generators could be easily incorporated into the TADS framework. Results of aerodynamic calculations using the TADS system are presented for a highly loaded fan, a compressor stator, a low speed turbine blade and a transonic turbine vane.

Systems Analysis and Design: Know Your Audience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinicke, Bryan A.

2012-01-01

Systems analysis and design (SAD) classes are required in both Information Systems and Accounting programs, but these audiences have very different needs for these skills. This article will review the requirements for SAD within each of these disciplines and compare and contrast the different requirements for teaching systems analysis and design…

Relaxation mode analysis of a peptide system: comparison with principal component analysis.

PubMed

Mitsutake, Ayori; Iijima, Hiromitsu; Takano, Hiroshi

2011-10-28

This article reports the first attempt to apply the relaxation mode analysis method to a simulation of a biomolecular system. In biomolecular systems, the principal component analysis is a well-known method for analyzing the static properties of fluctuations of structures obtained by a simulation and classifying the structures into some groups. On the other hand, the relaxation mode analysis has been used to analyze the dynamic properties of homopolymer systems. In this article, a long Monte Carlo simulation of Met-enkephalin in gas phase has been performed. The results are analyzed by the principal component analysis and relaxation mode analysis methods. We compare the results of both methods and show the effectiveness of the relaxation mode analysis.

Analysis and design of a capsule landing system and surface vehicle control system for Mars exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A number of problems related to the design, construction and evaluation of an autonomous roving planetary vehicle and its control and operating systems intended for an unmanned exploration of Mars are studied. Vehicle configuration, dynamics, control, systems and propulsion; systems analysis; terrain sensing and modeling and path selection; and chemical analysis of samples are included.

Application Research of Fault Tree Analysis in Grid Communication System Corrective Maintenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jian; Yang, Zhenwei; Kang, Mei

2018-01-01

This paper attempts to apply the fault tree analysis method to the corrective maintenance field of grid communication system. Through the establishment of the fault tree model of typical system and the engineering experience, the fault tree analysis theory is used to analyze the fault tree model, which contains the field of structural function, probability importance and so on. The results show that the fault tree analysis can realize fast positioning and well repairing of the system. Meanwhile, it finds that the analysis method of fault tree has some guiding significance to the reliability researching and upgrading f the system.

A computer-aided movement analysis system.

PubMed

Fioretti, S; Leo, T; Pisani, E; Corradini, M L

1990-08-01

Interaction with biomechanical data concerning human movement analysis implies the adoption of various experimental equipments and the choice of suitable models, data processing, and graphical data restitution techniques. The integration of measurement setups with the associated experimental protocols and the relative software procedures constitutes a computer-aided movement analysis (CAMA) system. In the present paper such integration is mapped onto the causes that limit the clinical acceptance of movement analysis methods. The structure of the system is presented. A specific CAMA system devoted to posture analysis is described in order to show the attainable features. Scientific results obtained with the support of the described system are also reported.

Digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hickey, J. S.; Karitani, S.

1985-01-01

The mesoscale analysis and space sensor (MASS) data management and analysis system on the research computer system is presented. The MASS data base management and analysis system was implemented on the research computer system which provides a wide range of capabilities for processing and displaying large volumes of conventional and satellite derived meteorological data. The research computer system consists of three primary computers (HP-1000F, Harris/6, and Perkin-Elmer 3250), each of which performs a specific function according to its unique capabilities. The overall tasks performed concerning the software, data base management and display capabilities of the research computer system in terms of providing a very effective interactive research tool for the digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data is described.

Airport Surface Control Systems Development Analysis Expanded

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-01-01

A previous MITRE Technical Report, Airport Surface Traffic Control Systems Deployment Analysis, FAA-RD-74-6, presented an analysis of ASTC (Airport Surface Traffic Control) system requirements and developed estimates of the deployment potential of pr...

Used Nuclear Fuel-Storage, Transportation & Disposal Analysis Resource and Data System (UNF-ST&DARDS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Banerjee, Kaushik; Clarity, Justin B; Cumberland, Riley M

This will be licensed via RSICC. A new, integrated data and analysis system has been designed to simplify and automate the performance of accurate and efficient evaluations for characterizing the input to the overall nuclear waste management system -UNF-Storage, Transportation & Disposal Analysis Resource and Data System (UNF-ST&DARDS). A relational database within UNF-ST&DARDS provides a standard means by which UNF-ST&DARDS can succinctly store and retrieve modeling and simulation (M&S) parameters for specific spent nuclear fuel analysis. A library of various analysis model templates provides the ability to communicate the various set of M&S parameters to the most appropriate M&S application.more » Interactive visualization capabilities facilitate data analysis and results interpretation. UNF-ST&DARDS current analysis capabilities include (1) assembly-specific depletion and decay, (2) and spent nuclear fuel cask-specific criticality and shielding. Currently, UNF-ST&DARDS uses SCALE nuclear analysis code system for performing nuclear analysis.« less

Study of aircraft in intraurban transportation systems, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stout, E. G.; Kesling, P. H.; Matteson, H. C.; Sherwood, D. E.; Tuck, W. R., Jr.; Vaughn, L. A.

1971-01-01

An analysis of an effective short range, high density computer transportation system for intraurban systems is presented. The seven county Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area, was chosen as the scenario for the analysis. The study consisted of an analysis and forecast of the Detroit market through 1985, a parametric analysis of appropriate short haul aircraft concepts and associated ground systems, and a preliminary overall economic analysis of a simplified total system designed to evaluate the candidate vehicles and select the most promising VTOL and STOL aircraft. Data are also included on the impact of advanced technology on the system, the sensitivity of mission performance to changes in aircraft characteristics and system operations, and identification of key problem areas that may be improved by additional research. The approach, logic, and computer models used are adaptable to other intraurban or interurban areas.

DISPLA: decision information system for procurement and logistics analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calvo, Alberto B.; Danish, Alexander J.; Lamonakis, Gregory G.

2002-08-01

This paper describes an information-exchange system for Display systems acquisition and logistics support. DISPLA (Decision Information System for Procurement and Logistics Analysis) is an Internet-based system concept for bringing sellers (display system and component suppliers) and buyers (Government Program Offices and System Integrators) together in an electronic exchange to improve the acquisition and logistics analysis support of Flat Panel Displays for the military. A proof-of-concept demonstration is presented in this paper using sample data from vendor Web sites and Government data sources.

Probabilistic Parameter Uncertainty Analysis of Single Input Single Output Control Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Brett A.; Kenny, Sean P.; Crespo, Luis G.

2005-01-01

The current standards for handling uncertainty in control systems use interval bounds for definition of the uncertain parameters. This approach gives no information about the likelihood of system performance, but simply gives the response bounds. When used in design, current methods of m-analysis and can lead to overly conservative controller design. With these methods, worst case conditions are weighted equally with the most likely conditions. This research explores a unique approach for probabilistic analysis of control systems. Current reliability methods are examined showing the strong areas of each in handling probability. A hybrid method is developed using these reliability tools for efficiently propagating probabilistic uncertainty through classical control analysis problems. The method developed is applied to classical response analysis as well as analysis methods that explore the effects of the uncertain parameters on stability and performance metrics. The benefits of using this hybrid approach for calculating the mean and variance of responses cumulative distribution functions are shown. Results of the probabilistic analysis of a missile pitch control system, and a non-collocated mass spring system, show the added information provided by this hybrid analysis.

Optimal subinterval selection approach for power system transient stability simulation

DOE PAGES

Kim, Soobae; Overbye, Thomas J.

2015-10-21

Power system transient stability analysis requires an appropriate integration time step to avoid numerical instability as well as to reduce computational demands. For fast system dynamics, which vary more rapidly than what the time step covers, a fraction of the time step, called a subinterval, is used. However, the optimal value of this subinterval is not easily determined because the analysis of the system dynamics might be required. This selection is usually made from engineering experiences, and perhaps trial and error. This paper proposes an optimal subinterval selection approach for power system transient stability analysis, which is based on modalmore » analysis using a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. Fast system dynamics are identified with the modal analysis and the SMIB system is used focusing on fast local modes. An appropriate subinterval time step from the proposed approach can reduce computational burden and achieve accurate simulation responses as well. As a result, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated with the GSO 37-bus system.« less

The ALICE analysis train system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmermann, Markus; ALICE Collaboration

2015-05-01

In the ALICE experiment hundreds of users are analyzing big datasets on a Grid system. High throughput and short turn-around times are achieved by a centralized system called the LEGO trains. This system combines analysis from different users in so-called analysis trains which are then executed within the same Grid jobs thereby reducing the number of times the data needs to be read from the storage systems. The centralized trains improve the performance, the usability for users and the bookkeeping in comparison to single user analysis. The train system builds upon the already existing ALICE tools, i.e. the analysis framework as well as the Grid submission and monitoring infrastructure. The entry point to the train system is a web interface which is used to configure the analysis and the desired datasets as well as to test and submit the train. Several measures have been implemented to reduce the time a train needs to finish and to increase the CPU efficiency.

Systems-Dynamic Analysis for Neighborhood Study

EPA Science Inventory

Systems-dynamic analysis (or system dynamics (SD)) helps planners identify interrelated impacts of transportation and land-use policies on neighborhood-scale economic outcomes for households and businesses, among other applications. This form of analysis can show benefits and tr...

Comparison of Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) Computer Program Simulations and Measured Energy Use for Army Buildings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

engineering ,ZteNo D R RPTE16 research w 9 laboratory COMPARISON OF BUILDING LOADS ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM THERMODYNAMICS (BLAST) AD 0 5 5,0 3COMPUTER PROGRAM...Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) computer program. A dental clinic and a battalion headquarters and classroom building were...Building and HVAC System Data Computer Simulation Comparison of Actual and Simulated Results ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

Reliability Analysis of the Space Station Freedom Electrical Power System

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

Cleveland, Ohio, who assisted in obtaining related research materials and provided feedback on our efforts to produce a dynamic analysis tool useful to...System software that we used to do our analysis of the electrical power system. Thanks are due to Dr. Vira Chankong, my thesis advisor, for his...a frequency duration analysis . Using a transition rate matrix with a model of the photovoltaic and solar dynamic systems, they have one model that

Integrated analysis of large space systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, J. P.

1980-01-01

Based on the belief that actual flight hardware development of large space systems will necessitate a formalized method of integrating the various engineering discipline analyses, an efficient highly user oriented software system capable of performing interdisciplinary design analyses with tolerable solution turnaround time is planned Specific analysis capability goals were set forth with initial emphasis given to sequential and quasi-static thermal/structural analysis and fully coupled structural/control system analysis. Subsequently, the IAC would be expanded to include a fully coupled thermal/structural/control system, electromagnetic radiation, and optical performance analyses.

Precision Attitude Determination System (PADS) system design and analysis: Single-axis gimbal star tracker

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The feasibility is evaluated of an evolutionary development for use of a single-axis gimbal star tracker from prior two-axis gimbal star tracker based system applications. Detailed evaluation of the star tracker gimbal encoder is considered. A brief system description is given including the aspects of tracker evolution and encoder evaluation. System analysis includes evaluation of star availability and mounting constraints for the geosynchronous orbit application, and a covariance simulation analysis to evaluate performance potential. Star availability and covariance analysis digital computer programs are included.

Lightweight Towed Howitzer Demonstrator. Phase 1 and Partial Phase 2. Volume D3. Part 1. Structural Analysis of System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

Volume D3 - Part I Structural Analysis of System DTIC ELECTE a MApril 1987 SE 03 O0 Contract Number DAAA21-86-C-0047 FMC CORPORATION Northern Ordnance... system , In turn. facilitated crew reductilon via hydraulic emplacement, .four-way Joystick tube- lay, and _power ralming. . MC completed C;oncep)t...D3 Structural Analysis of System PART I D3/050 Table of Contents D3/100 Structural Analysis of SystemUD3/110 CXL Memo: October 3, 1986 D3/120 o

Natural Resource Information System, design analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The computer-based system stores, processes, and displays map data relating to natural resources. The system was designed on the basis of requirements established in a user survey and an analysis of decision flow. The design analysis effort is described, and the rationale behind major design decisions, including map processing, cell vs. polygon, choice of classification systems, mapping accuracy, system hardware, and software language is summarized.

Testing a Wheeled Landing Gear System for the TH-57 Helicopter

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

initial comparison was done using a structural analysis program, GIFTS , to simultaneously analyze an~i compare the gear systems. Experimental data was used...15 B. GIFTS PROGRAM RESULTS ............................ 15 1. Model...Element Total System ( GIFTS ) structural analysis program, which is resident oin the Aeiunauimia Euginme1ing Department computer system, an analysis

Dynamic Systems Analysis for Turbine Based Aero Propulsion Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey T.

2016-01-01

The aircraft engine design process seeks to optimize the overall system-level performance, weight, and cost for a given concept. Steady-state simulations and data are used to identify trade-offs that should be balanced to optimize the system in a process known as systems analysis. These systems analysis simulations and data may not adequately capture the true performance trade-offs that exist during transient operation. Dynamic systems analysis provides the capability for assessing the dynamic tradeoffs at an earlier stage of the engine design process. The dynamic systems analysis concept, developed tools, and potential benefit are presented in this paper. To provide this capability, the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) was developed to provide the user with an estimate of the closed-loop performance (response time) and operability (high pressure compressor surge margin) for a given engine design and set of control design requirements. TTECTrA along with engine deterioration information, can be used to develop a more generic relationship between performance and operability that can impact the engine design constraints and potentially lead to a more efficient engine.

ISTAR: Intelligent System for Telemetry Analysis in Real-time

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simmons, Charles

1994-01-01

The intelligent system for telemetry analysis in real-time (ISTAR) is an advanced vehicle monitoring environment incorporating expert systems, analysis tools, and on-line hypermedia documentation. The system was developed for the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) in Los Angeles, California, in support of the inertial upper stage (IUS) booster vehicle. Over a five year period the system progressed from rapid prototype to operational system. ISTAR has been used to support five IUS missions and countless mission simulations. There were a significant number of lessons learned with respect to integrating an expert system capability into an existing ground system.

System review: a method for investigating medical errors in healthcare settings.

PubMed

Alexander, G L; Stone, T T

2000-01-01

System analysis is a process of evaluating objectives, resources, structure, and design of businesses. System analysis can be used by leaders to collaboratively identify breakthrough opportunities to improve system processes. In healthcare systems, system analysis can be used to review medical errors (system occurrences) that may place patients at risk for injury, disability, and/or death. This study utilizes a case management approach to identify medical errors. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, a System Review Team was developed to identify trends in system occurrences, facilitate communication, and enhance the quality of patient care by reducing medical errors.

Transportation Systems Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fanning, M. L.; Michelson, R. A.

1972-01-01

A methodology for the analysis of transportation systems consisting of five major interacting elements is reported. The analysis begins with the causes of travel demand: geographic, economic, and demographic characteristics as well as attitudes toward travel. Through the analysis, the interaction of these factors with the physical and economic characteristics of the transportation system is determined. The result is an evaluation of the system from the point of view of both passenger and operator. The methodology is applicable to the intraurban transit systems as well as major airlines. Applications of the technique to analysis of a PRT system and a study of intraurban air travel are given. In the discussion several unique models or techniques are mentioned: i.e., passenger preference modeling, an integrated intraurban transit model, and a series of models to perform airline analysis.

Modeling and analysis of power processing systems: Feasibility investigation and formulation of a methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biess, J. J.; Yu, Y.; Middlebrook, R. D.; Schoenfeld, A. D.

1974-01-01

A review is given of future power processing systems planned for the next 20 years, and the state-of-the-art of power processing design modeling and analysis techniques used to optimize power processing systems. A methodology of modeling and analysis of power processing equipment and systems has been formulated to fulfill future tradeoff studies and optimization requirements. Computer techniques were applied to simulate power processor performance and to optimize the design of power processing equipment. A program plan to systematically develop and apply the tools for power processing systems modeling and analysis is presented so that meaningful results can be obtained each year to aid the power processing system engineer and power processing equipment circuit designers in their conceptual and detail design and analysis tasks.

Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) software analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grayson, W. L.; Nickel, C. E.; Rose, P. L.; Singh, R. P.

1979-01-01

The Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) System, an extension of the Space Transportation System (STS) operating regime to include higher orbits, orbital plane changes, geosynchronous orbits, and interplanetary trajectories is presented. The IUS software design, the IUS software interfaces with other systems, and the cost effectiveness in software verification are described. Tasks of the IUS discussed include: (1) design analysis; (2) validation requirements analysis; (3) interface analysis; and (4) requirements analysis.

Aerodynamic preliminary analysis system 2. Part 1: Theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bonner, E.; Clever, W.; Dunn, K.

1981-01-01

A subsonic/supersonic/hypersonic aerodynamic analysis was developed by integrating the Aerodynamic Preliminary Analysis System (APAS), and the inviscid force calculation modules of the Hypersonic Arbitrary Body Program. APAS analysis was extended for nonlinear vortex forces using a generalization of the Polhamus analogy. The interactive system provides appropriate aerodynamic models for a single input geometry data base and has a run/output format similar to a wind tunnel test program. The user's manual was organized to cover the principle system activities of a typical application, geometric input/editing, aerodynamic evaluation, and post analysis review/display. Sample sessions are included to illustrate the specific task involved and are followed by a comprehensive command/subcommand dictionary used to operate the system.

Postflight Analysis of the Apollo 14 Cryogenic Oxygen System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rule, D. D.

1972-01-01

A postflight analysis of the Apollo 14 cryogenic oxygen system is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) methods of analysis, (2) stratification and heat transfer, (3) flight analysis, (4) postflight analysis, and (5) determination of model parameters.

Using Solid State Disk Array as a Cache for LHC ATLAS Data Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, W.; Hanushevsky, A. B.; Mount, R. P.; Atlas Collaboration

2014-06-01

User data analysis in high energy physics presents a challenge to spinning-disk based storage systems. The analysis is data intense, yet reads are small, sparse and cover a large volume of data files. It is also unpredictable due to users' response to storage performance. We describe here a system with an array of Solid State Disk as a non-conventional, standalone file level cache in front of the spinning disk storage to help improve the performance of LHC ATLAS user analysis at SLAC. The system uses several days of data access records to make caching decisions. It can also use information from other sources such as a work-flow management system. We evaluate the performance of the system both in terms of caching and its impact on user analysis jobs. The system currently uses Xrootd technology, but the technique can be applied to any storage system.

System safety education focused on system management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grose, V. L.

1971-01-01

System safety is defined and characteristics of the system are outlined. Some of the principle characteristics include role of humans in hazard analysis, clear language for input and output, system interdependence, self containment, and parallel analysis of elements.

Analysis of chaos in high-dimensional wind power system.

PubMed

Wang, Cong; Zhang, Hongli; Fan, Wenhui; Ma, Ping

2018-01-01

A comprehensive analysis on the chaos of a high-dimensional wind power system is performed in this study. A high-dimensional wind power system is more complex than most power systems. An 11-dimensional wind power system proposed by Huang, which has not been analyzed in previous studies, is investigated. When the systems are affected by external disturbances including single parameter and periodic disturbance, or its parameters changed, chaotic dynamics of the wind power system is analyzed and chaotic parameters ranges are obtained. Chaos existence is confirmed by calculation and analysis of all state variables' Lyapunov exponents and the state variable sequence diagram. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the wind power system chaos will occur when parameter variations and external disturbances change to a certain degree.

Analysis and design of a capsule landing system and surface vehicle control system for Mars exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frederick, D. K.; Lashmet, P. K.; Sandor, G. N.; Shen, C. N.; Smith, E. V.; Yerazunis, S. W.

1973-01-01

Problems related to the design and control of a mobile planetary vehicle to implement a systematic plan for the exploration of Mars are reported. Problem areas include: vehicle configuration, control, dynamics, systems and propulsion; systems analysis, terrain modeling and path selection; and chemical analysis of specimens. These tasks are summarized: vehicle model design, mathematical model of vehicle dynamics, experimental vehicle dynamics, obstacle negotiation, electrochemical controls, remote control, collapsibility and deployment, construction of a wheel tester, wheel analysis, payload design, system design optimization, effect of design assumptions, accessory optimal design, on-board computer subsystem, laser range measurement, discrete obstacle detection, obstacle detection systems, terrain modeling, path selection system simulation and evaluation, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system concepts, and chromatograph model evaluation and improvement.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Officer Career Information and Planning System

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

information without the use of a computer. - vii COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE OFFICER CAREER INFOýKATTON AND PLANNING SYSTEM CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ...OF THE OFFICER CAREER INFORMATION AND PLANNING SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The implementation of the Officer Personnel Management System (OPMS) has...Research Report 1256 I / COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE OFFICER CAREER INFORMATION AND PLANNING SYSTEM Roger A. Myers, Peter C. Cairo, K - Jon A

GIS-Based crash referencing and analysis system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-02-01

One area where a Geographic Information System (GIS) has yet to be extensively applied is in the analysis of crash data. Computerized crash analysis systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and traffic operations data can be merged are us...

78 FR 38096 - Fatality Analysis Reporting System Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-25

... Number NHTSA-2012-0168] Fatality Analysis Reporting System Information Collection AGENCY: National... comments on the following proposed collections of information: (1) Title: Fatal Analysis Reporting System... comment on proposed collection of information. SUMMARY: Before a Federal agency can collect certain...

Estimating optical imaging system performance for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sinclair, K. F.

1972-01-01

The critical system elements of an optical imaging system are identified and a method for an initial assessment of system performance is presented. A generalized imaging system is defined. A system analysis is considered, followed by a component analysis. An example of the method is given using a film imaging system.

The Role of System Analysis in Education Management: A Pragmatic Appraisal and a New Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, John A.

This paper explores the potential of systems analysis for the educational manager. It contains a review of systems concepts with comments on current and proper practice. An application model of systems analysis in an organizational context is provided to foster rational decisionmaking and increased skill in problem finding and solving. The…

Space shuttle navigation analysis. Volume 2: Baseline system navigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. L.; Luders, G.; Matchett, G. A.; Rains, R. G.

1980-01-01

Studies related to the baseline navigation system for the orbiter are presented. The baseline navigation system studies include a covariance analysis of the Inertial Measurement Unit calibration and alignment procedures, postflight IMU error recovery for the approach and landing phases, on-orbit calibration of IMU instrument biases, and a covariance analysis of entry and prelaunch navigation system performance.

Linear circuit analysis program for IBM 1620 Monitor 2, 1311/1443 data processing system /CIRCS/

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hatfield, J.

1967-01-01

CIRCS is modification of IBSNAP Circuit Analysis Program, for use on smaller systems. This data processing system retains the basic dc, transient analysis, and FORTRAN 2 formats. It can be used on the IBM 1620/1311 Monitor I Mod 5 system, and solves a linear network containing 15 nodes and 45 branches.

Modeling and Analysis of Mixed Synchronous/Asynchronous Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Driscoll, Kevin R.; Madl. Gabor; Hall, Brendan

2012-01-01

Practical safety-critical distributed systems must integrate safety critical and non-critical data in a common platform. Safety critical systems almost always consist of isochronous components that have synchronous or asynchronous interface with other components. Many of these systems also support a mix of synchronous and asynchronous interfaces. This report presents a study on the modeling and analysis of asynchronous, synchronous, and mixed synchronous/asynchronous systems. We build on the SAE Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) to capture architectures for analysis. We present preliminary work targeted to capture mixed low- and high-criticality data, as well as real-time properties in a common Model of Computation (MoC). An abstract, but representative, test specimen system was created as the system to be modeled.

Systems design analysis applied to launch vehicle configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, R.; Verderaime, V.

1993-01-01

As emphasis shifts from optimum-performance aerospace systems to least lift-cycle costs, systems designs must seek, adapt, and innovate cost improvement techniques in design through operations. The systems design process of concept, definition, and design was assessed for the types and flow of total quality management techniques that may be applicable in a launch vehicle systems design analysis. Techniques discussed are task ordering, quality leverage, concurrent engineering, Pareto's principle, robustness, quality function deployment, criteria, and others. These cost oriented techniques are as applicable to aerospace systems design analysis as to any large commercial system.

Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations (CIAO)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobrzycki, Adam

2000-01-01

The Chandra (formerly AXAF) telescope, launched on July 23, 1999, provides X-rays data with unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution. As part of the Chandra scientific support, the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center provides a new data analysis system, CIAO ("Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations"). We will present the main components of the system: "First Look" analysis; SHERPA: a multi-dimensional, multi-mission modeling and fitting application; Chandra Imaging and Plotting System; Detect package-source detection algorithms; and DM package generic data manipulation tools, We will set up a demonstration of the portable version of the system and show examples of Chandra Data Analysis.

Control system design and analysis using the INteractive Controls Analysis (INCA) program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, Frank H.; Downing, John P.

1987-01-01

The INteractive Controls Analysis (INCA) program was developed at the Goddard Space Flight Center to provide a user friendly efficient environment for the design and analysis of linear control systems. Since its inception, INCA has found extensive use in the design, development, and analysis of control systems for spacecraft, instruments, robotics, and pointing systems. Moreover, the results of the analytic tools imbedded in INCA have been flight proven with at least three currently orbiting spacecraft. This paper describes the INCA program and illustrates, using a flight proven example, how the package can perform complex design analyses with relative ease.

Lab-on-a-chip based total-phosphorus analysis device utilizing a photocatalytic reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, Dong Geon; Jung, Daewoong; Kong, Seong Ho

2018-02-01

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for total phosphorus (TP) analysis was fabricated for water quality monitoring. Many commercially available TP analysis systems used to estimate water quality have good sensitivity and accuracy. However, these systems also have many disadvantages such as bulky size, complex pretreatment processes, and high cost, which limit their application. In particular, conventional TP analysis systems require an indispensable pretreatment step, in which the fluidic analyte is heated to 120 °C for 30 min to release the dissolved phosphate, because many phosphates are soluble in water at a standard temperature and pressure. In addition, this pretreatment process requires elevated pressures of up to 1.1 kg cm-2 in order to prevent the evaporation of the heated analyte. Because of these limiting conditions required by the pretreatment processes used in conventional systems, it is difficult to miniaturize TP analysis systems. In this study, we employed a photocatalytic reaction in the pretreatment process. The reaction was carried out by illuminating a photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface formed in a microfluidic channel with ultraviolet (UV) light. This pretreatment process does not require elevated temperatures and pressures. By applying this simplified, photocatalytic-reaction-based pretreatment process to a TP analysis system, greater degrees of freedom are conferred to the design and fabrication of LOC devices for TP monitoring. The fabricated LOC device presented in this paper was characterized by measuring the TP concentration of an unknown sample, and comparing the results with those measured by a conventional TP analysis system. The TP concentrations of the unknown sample measured by the proposed LOC device and the conventional TP analysis system were 0.018 mgP/25 mL and 0.019 mgP/25 mL, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the proposed LOC device had a performance comparable to the conventional bulky TP analysis system. Therefore, our device could be directly employed in water quality monitoring as an alternative to conventional TP analysis systems.

Data engineering systems: Computerized modeling and data bank capabilities for engineering analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopp, H.; Trettau, R.; Zolotar, B.

1984-01-01

The Data Engineering System (DES) is a computer-based system that organizes technical data and provides automated mechanisms for storage, retrieval, and engineering analysis. The DES combines the benefits of a structured data base system with automated links to large-scale analysis codes. While the DES provides the user with many of the capabilities of a computer-aided design (CAD) system, the systems are actually quite different in several respects. A typical CAD system emphasizes interactive graphics capabilities and organizes data in a manner that optimizes these graphics. On the other hand, the DES is a computer-aided engineering system intended for the engineer who must operationally understand an existing or planned design or who desires to carry out additional technical analysis based on a particular design. The DES emphasizes data retrieval in a form that not only provides the engineer access to search and display the data but also links the data automatically with the computer analysis codes.

MOD-0A 200 kW wind turbine generator design and analysis report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, T. S.; Bodenschatz, C. A.; Eggers, A. G.; Hughes, P. S.; Lampe, R. F.; Lipner, M. H.; Schornhorst, J. R.

1980-08-01

The design, analysis, and initial performance of the MOD-OA 200 kW wind turbine generator at Clayton, NM is documented. The MOD-OA was designed and built to obtain operation and performance data and experience in utility environments. The project requirements, approach, system description, design requirements, design, analysis, system tests, installation, safety considerations, failure modes and effects analysis, data acquisition, and initial performance for the wind turbine are discussed. The design and analysis of the rotor, drive train, nacelle equipment, yaw drive mechanism and brake, tower, foundation, electricl system, and control systems are presented. The rotor includes the blades, hub, and pitch change mechanism. The drive train includes the low speed shaft, speed increaser, high speed shaft, and rotor brake. The electrical system includes the generator, switchgear, transformer, and utility connection. The control systems are the blade pitch, yaw, and generator control, and the safety system. Manual, automatic, and remote control are discussed. Systems analyses on dynamic loads and fatigue are presented.

MOD-0A 200 kW wind turbine generator design and analysis report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, T. S.; Bodenschatz, C. A.; Eggers, A. G.; Hughes, P. S.; Lampe, R. F.; Lipner, M. H.; Schornhorst, J. R.

1980-01-01

The design, analysis, and initial performance of the MOD-OA 200 kW wind turbine generator at Clayton, NM is documented. The MOD-OA was designed and built to obtain operation and performance data and experience in utility environments. The project requirements, approach, system description, design requirements, design, analysis, system tests, installation, safety considerations, failure modes and effects analysis, data acquisition, and initial performance for the wind turbine are discussed. The design and analysis of the rotor, drive train, nacelle equipment, yaw drive mechanism and brake, tower, foundation, electricl system, and control systems are presented. The rotor includes the blades, hub, and pitch change mechanism. The drive train includes the low speed shaft, speed increaser, high speed shaft, and rotor brake. The electrical system includes the generator, switchgear, transformer, and utility connection. The control systems are the blade pitch, yaw, and generator control, and the safety system. Manual, automatic, and remote control are discussed. Systems analyses on dynamic loads and fatigue are presented.

Lessons Learned from Application of System and Software Level RAMS Analysis to a Space Control System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, N.; Esper, A.

2012-01-01

The work presented in this article represents the results of applying RAMS analysis to a critical space control system, both at system and software levels. The system level RAMS analysis allowed the assignment of criticalities to the high level components, which was further refined by a tailored software level RAMS analysis. The importance of the software level RAMS analysis in the identification of new failure modes and its impact on the system level RAMS analysis is discussed. Recommendations of changes in the software architecture have also been proposed in order to reduce the criticality of the SW components to an acceptable minimum. The dependability analysis was performed in accordance to ECSS-Q-ST-80, which had to be tailored and complemented in some aspects. This tailoring will also be detailed in the article and lessons learned from the application of this tailoring will be shared, stating the importance to space systems safety evaluations. The paper presents the applied techniques, the relevant results obtained, the effort required for performing the tasks and the planned strategy for ROI estimation, as well as the soft skills required and acquired during these activities.

How Can Visual Analytics Assist Investigative Analysis? Design Implications from an Evaluation.

PubMed

Youn-Ah Kang; Görg, Carsten; Stasko, John

2011-05-01

Despite the growing number of systems providing visual analytic support for investigative analysis, few empirical studies of the potential benefits of such systems have been conducted, particularly controlled, comparative evaluations. Determining how such systems foster insight and sensemaking is important for their continued growth and study, however. Furthermore, studies that identify how people use such systems and why they benefit (or not) can help inform the design of new systems in this area. We conducted an evaluation of the visual analytics system Jigsaw employed in a small investigative sensemaking exercise, and compared its use to three other more traditional methods of analysis. Sixteen participants performed a simulated intelligence analysis task under one of the four conditions. Experimental results suggest that Jigsaw assisted participants to analyze the data and identify an embedded threat. We describe different analysis strategies used by study participants and how computational support (or the lack thereof) influenced the strategies. We then illustrate several characteristics of the sensemaking process identified in the study and provide design implications for investigative analysis tools based thereon. We conclude with recommendations on metrics and techniques for evaluating visual analytics systems for investigative analysis.

Heating Analysis in Constant-pressure Hydraulic System based on Energy Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Chao; Xu, Cong; Mao, Xuyao; Li, Bin; Hu, Junhua; Liu, Yiou

2017-12-01

Hydraulic systems are widely used in industrial applications, but the problem of heating has become an important reason to restrict the promotion of hydraulic technology. The high temperature, will seriously affect the operation of the hydraulic system, even cause stuck and other serious failure. Based on the analysis of the heat damage of the hydraulic system, this paper gives the reasons for this problem, and it is showed by the application that the energy analysis can accurately locate the main reasons for the heating of the hydraulic system, which can give strong practical guidance.

Comparison of existing digital image analysis systems for the analysis of Thematic Mapper data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Likens, W. C.; Wrigley, R. C.

1984-01-01

Most existing image analysis systems were designed with the Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner in mind, leaving open the question of whether or not these systems could adequately process Thematic Mapper data. In this report, both hardware and software systems have been evaluated for compatibility with TM data. Lack of spectral analysis capability was not found to be a problem, though techniques for spatial filtering and texture varied. Computer processing speed and data storage of currently existing mini-computer based systems may be less than adequate. Upgrading to more powerful hardware may be required for many TM applications.

Rocketdyne automated dynamics data analysis and management system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tarn, Robert B.

1988-01-01

An automated dynamics data analysis and management systems implemented on a DEC VAX minicomputer cluster is described. Multichannel acquisition, Fast Fourier Transformation analysis, and an online database have significantly improved the analysis of wideband transducer responses from Space Shuttle Main Engine testing. Leakage error correction to recover sinusoid amplitudes and correct for frequency slewing is described. The phase errors caused by FM recorder/playback head misalignment are automatically measured and used to correct the data. Data compression methods are described and compared. The system hardware is described. Applications using the data base are introduced, including software for power spectral density, instantaneous time history, amplitude histogram, fatigue analysis, and rotordynamics expert system analysis.

[Design of high-efficiency double compound parabolic concentrator system in near infrared noninvasive biochemical analysis].

PubMed

Gao, Jing; Lu, Qi-Peng; Peng, Zhong-Qi; Ding, Hai-Quan; Gao, Hong-Zhi

2013-05-01

High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of system is necessary to obtain accurate blood components in near infrared noninvasive biochemical analysis. In order to improve SNR of analytical system, high-efficiency double compound parabolic concentrator (DCPC) system was researched, which was aimed at increasing light utilization efficiency. Firstly, with the request of collection efficiency in near infrared noninvasive biochemical analysis, the characteristic of emergent rays through compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) was analyzed. Then the maximum focusing angle range of the first stage CPC was determined. Secondly, the light utilization efficiency of truncated type was compared with standard DCPC, thus the best structure parameters of DCPC system were optimized. Lastly, combined with optical parameters of skin tissue, calculations were operated when incident wavelength is 1 000 nm. The light utilization efficiency of DCPC system, CPC-focusing mirror system, and non-optical collecting system was calculated. The results show that the light utilization efficiency of the three optical systems is 1.46%, 0.84% and 0.26% respectively. So DCPC system enhances collecting ability for human diffuse reflection light, and helps improve SNR of noninvasive biochemical analysis system and overall analysis accuracy effectively.

Overview of the land analysis system (LAS)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Quirk, Bruce K.; Olseson, Lyndon R.

1987-01-01

The Land Analysis System (LAS) is a fully integrated digital analysis system designed to support remote sensing, image processing, and geographic information systems research. LAS is being developed through a cooperative effort between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center and the U. S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center. LAS has over 275 analysis modules capable to performing input and output, radiometric correction, geometric registration, signal processing, logical operations, data transformation, classification, spatial analysis, nominal filtering, conversion between raster and vector data types, and display manipulation of image and ancillary data. LAS is currently implant using the Transportable Applications Executive (TAE). While TAE was designed primarily to be transportable, it still provides the necessary components for a standard user interface, terminal handling, input and output services, display management, and intersystem communications. With TAE the analyst uses the same interface to the processing modules regardless of the host computer or operating system. LAS was originally implemented at EROS on a Digital Equipment Corporation computer system under the Virtual Memorial System operating system with DeAnza displays and is presently being converted to run on a Gould Power Node and Sun workstation under the Berkeley System Distribution UNIX operating system.

21 CFR 864.7440 - Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. 864.7440 Section 864.7440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7440 Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. (a) Identification. An electrophoretic hemoglobin...

21 CFR 864.7440 - Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. 864.7440 Section 864.7440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7440 Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. (a) Identification. An electrophoretic hemoglobin...

21 CFR 864.7440 - Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. 864.7440 Section 864.7440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7440 Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. (a) Identification. An electrophoretic hemoglobin...

21 CFR 864.7440 - Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. 864.7440 Section 864.7440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7440 Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. (a) Identification. An electrophoretic hemoglobin...

21 CFR 864.7440 - Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. 864.7440 Section 864.7440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7440 Electrophoretic hemoglobin analysis system. (a) Identification. An electrophoretic hemoglobin...

Miniaturized flow injection analysis system

DOEpatents

Folta, James A.

1997-01-01

A chemical analysis technique known as flow injection analysis, wherein small quantities of chemical reagents and sample are intermixed and reacted within a capillary flow system and the reaction products are detected optically, electrochemically, or by other means. A highly miniaturized version of a flow injection analysis system has been fabricated utilizing microfabrication techniques common to the microelectronics industry. The microflow system uses flow capillaries formed by etching microchannels in a silicon or glass wafer followed by bonding to another wafer, commercially available microvalves bonded directly to the microflow channels, and an optical absorption detector cell formed near the capillary outlet, with light being both delivered and collected with fiber optics. The microflow system is designed mainly for analysis of liquids and currently measures 38.times.25.times.3 mm, but can be designed for gas analysis and be substantially smaller in construction.

The IDEAL (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Languages) modeling methodology: Capabilities and Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evers, Ken H.; Bachert, Robert F.

1987-01-01

The IDEAL (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Languages) modeling methodology has been formulated and applied over a five-year period. It has proven to be a unique, integrated approach utilizing a top-down, structured technique to define and document the system of interest; a knowledge engineering technique to collect and organize system descriptive information; a rapid prototyping technique to perform preliminary system performance analysis; and a sophisticated simulation technique to perform in-depth system performance analysis.

Computer-aided-engineering system for modeling and analysis of ECLSS integration testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sepahban, Sonbol

1987-01-01

The accurate modeling and analysis of two-phase fluid networks found in environmental control and life support systems is presently undertaken by computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques whose generalized fluid dynamics package can solve arbitrary flow networks. The CAE system for integrated test bed modeling and analysis will also furnish interfaces and subsystem/test-article mathematical models. Three-dimensional diagrams of the test bed are generated by the system after performing the requisite simulation and analysis.

STS-1 environmental control and life support system. Consumables and thermal analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steines, G.

1980-01-01

The Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS)/thermal systems analysis for the Space Transportation System 1 Flight (STS-1) was performed using the shuttle environmental consumables usage requirements evaluation (SECURE) computer program. This program employs a nodal technique utilizing the Fortran Environmental Analysis Routines (FEAR). The output parameters evaluated were consumable quantities, fluid temperatures, heat transfer and rejection, and cabin atmospheric pressure. Analysis of these indicated that adequate margins exist for the nonpropulsive consumables and related thermal environment.

FASEA: A FPGA Acquisition System and Software Event Analysis for liquid scintillation counting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steele, T.; Mo, L.; Bignell, L.; Smith, M.; Alexiev, D.

2009-10-01

The FASEA (FPGA based Acquisition and Software Event Analysis) system has been developed to replace the MAC3 for coincidence pulse processing. The system uses a National Instruments Virtex 5 FPGA card (PXI-7842R) for data acquisition and a purpose developed data analysis software for data analysis. Initial comparisons to the MAC3 unit are included based on measurements of 89Sr and 3H, confirming that the system is able to accurately emulate the behaviour of the MAC3 unit.

How a submarine returns to periscope depth: analysing complex socio-technical systems using Cognitive Work Analysis.

PubMed

Stanton, Neville A; Bessell, Kevin

2014-01-01

This paper presents the application of Cognitive Work Analysis to the description of the functions, situations, activities, decisions, strategies, and competencies of a Trafalgar class submarine when performing the function of returning to periscope depth. All five phases of Cognitive Work Analysis are presented, namely: Work Domain Analysis, Control Task Analysis, Strategies Analysis, Social Organisation and Cooperation Analysis, and Worker Competencies Analysis. Complex socio-technical systems are difficult to analyse but Cognitive Work Analysis offers an integrated way of analysing complex systems with the core of functional means-ends analysis underlying all of the other representations. The joined-up analysis offers a coherent framework for understanding how socio-technical systems work. Data were collected through observation and interviews at different sites across the UK. The resultant representations present a statement of how the work domain and current activities are configured in this complex socio-technical system. This is intended to provide a baseline, from which all future conceptions of the domain may be compared. The strength of the analysis is in the multiple representations from which the constraints acting on the work may be analysed. Future research needs to challenge the assumptions behind these constraints in order to develop new ways of working. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

LOFT L2-3 blowdown experiment safety analyses D, E, and G; LOCA analyses H, K, K1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perryman, J.L.; Keeler, C.D.; Saukkoriipi, L.O.

1978-12-01

Three calculations using conservative off-nominal conditions and evaluation model options were made using RELAP4/MOD5 for blowdown-refill and RELAP4/MOD6 for reflood for Loss-of-Fluid Test Experiment L2-3 to support the experiment safety analysis effort. The three analyses are as follows: Analysis D: Loss of commercial power during Experiment L2-3; Analysis E: Hot leg quick-opening blowdown valve (QOBV) does not open during Experiment L2-3; and Analysis G: Cold leg QOBV does not open during Experiment L2-3. In addition, the results of three LOFT loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) analyses using a power of 56.1 MW and a primary coolant system flow rate of 3.6 millionmore » 1bm/hr are presented: Analysis H: Intact loop 200% hot leg break; emergency core cooling (ECC) system B unavailable; Analysis K: Pressurizer relief valve stuck in open position; ECC system B unavailable; and Analysis K1: Same as analysis K, but using a primary coolant system flow rate of 1.92 million 1bm/hr (L2-4 pre-LOCE flow rate). For analysis D, the maximum cladding temperature reached was 1762/sup 0/F, 22 sec into reflood. In analyses E and G, the blowdowns were slower due to one of the QOBVs not functioning. The maximum cladding temperature reached in analysis E was 1700/sup 0/F, 64.7 sec into reflood; for analysis G, it was 1300/sup 0/F at the start of reflood. For analysis H, the maximum cladding temperature reached was 1825/sup 0/F, 0.01 sec into reflood. Analysis K was a very slow blowdown, and the cladding temperatures followed the saturation temperature of the system. The results of analysis K1 was nearly identical to analysis K; system depressurization was not affected by the primary coolant system flow rate.« less

An Advanced Platform for Biomolecular Detection and Analysis Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-01

AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2005-54 Final Technical Report February 2005 AN ADVANCED PLATFORM FOR BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS...SUBTITLE AN ADVANCED PLATFORM FOR BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS 6. AUTHOR(S) David J. Beebe 5. FUNDING NUMBERS G...detection, analysis and response as well as many non BC warfare applications such as environmental toxicology, clinical detection and diagnosis

Requirements analysis notebook for the flight data systems definition in the Real-Time Systems Engineering Laboratory (RSEL)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wray, Richard B.

1991-12-01

A hybrid requirements analysis methodology was developed, based on the practices actually used in developing a Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture. During the development of this avionics architecture, a method of analysis able to effectively define the requirements for this space avionics architecture was developed. In this methodology, external interfaces and relationships are defined, a static analysis resulting in a static avionics model was developed, operating concepts for simulating the requirements were put together, and a dynamic analysis of the execution needs for the dynamic model operation was planned. The systems engineering approach was used to perform a top down modified structured analysis of a generic space avionics system and to convert actual program results into generic requirements. CASE tools were used to model the analyzed system and automatically generate specifications describing the model's requirements. Lessons learned in the use of CASE tools, the architecture, and the design of the Space Generic Avionics model were established, and a methodology notebook was prepared for NASA. The weaknesses of standard real-time methodologies for practicing systems engineering, such as Structured Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis, were identified.

Requirements analysis notebook for the flight data systems definition in the Real-Time Systems Engineering Laboratory (RSEL)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wray, Richard B.

1991-01-01

A hybrid requirements analysis methodology was developed, based on the practices actually used in developing a Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture. During the development of this avionics architecture, a method of analysis able to effectively define the requirements for this space avionics architecture was developed. In this methodology, external interfaces and relationships are defined, a static analysis resulting in a static avionics model was developed, operating concepts for simulating the requirements were put together, and a dynamic analysis of the execution needs for the dynamic model operation was planned. The systems engineering approach was used to perform a top down modified structured analysis of a generic space avionics system and to convert actual program results into generic requirements. CASE tools were used to model the analyzed system and automatically generate specifications describing the model's requirements. Lessons learned in the use of CASE tools, the architecture, and the design of the Space Generic Avionics model were established, and a methodology notebook was prepared for NASA. The weaknesses of standard real-time methodologies for practicing systems engineering, such as Structured Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis, were identified.

State Analysis Database Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rasmussen, Robert; Bennett, Matthew

2006-01-01

The State Analysis Database Tool software establishes a productive environment for collaboration among software and system engineers engaged in the development of complex interacting systems. The tool embodies State Analysis, a model-based system engineering methodology founded on a state-based control architecture (see figure). A state represents a momentary condition of an evolving system, and a model may describe how a state evolves and is affected by other states. The State Analysis methodology is a process for capturing system and software requirements in the form of explicit models and states, and defining goal-based operational plans consistent with the models. Requirements, models, and operational concerns have traditionally been documented in a variety of system engineering artifacts that address different aspects of a mission s lifecycle. In State Analysis, requirements, models, and operations information are State Analysis artifacts that are consistent and stored in a State Analysis Database. The tool includes a back-end database, a multi-platform front-end client, and Web-based administrative functions. The tool is structured to prompt an engineer to follow the State Analysis methodology, to encourage state discovery and model description, and to make software requirements and operations plans consistent with model descriptions.

Complex systems and the technology of variability analysis

PubMed Central

Seely, Andrew JE; Macklem, Peter T

2004-01-01

Characteristic patterns of variation over time, namely rhythms, represent a defining feature of complex systems, one that is synonymous with life. Despite the intrinsic dynamic, interdependent and nonlinear relationships of their parts, complex biological systems exhibit robust systemic stability. Applied to critical care, it is the systemic properties of the host response to a physiological insult that manifest as health or illness and determine outcome in our patients. Variability analysis provides a novel technology with which to evaluate the overall properties of a complex system. This review highlights the means by which we scientifically measure variation, including analyses of overall variation (time domain analysis, frequency distribution, spectral power), frequency contribution (spectral analysis), scale invariant (fractal) behaviour (detrended fluctuation and power law analysis) and regularity (approximate and multiscale entropy). Each technique is presented with a definition, interpretation, clinical application, advantages, limitations and summary of its calculation. The ubiquitous association between altered variability and illness is highlighted, followed by an analysis of how variability analysis may significantly improve prognostication of severity of illness and guide therapeutic intervention in critically ill patients. PMID:15566580

Parallel Hybrid Gas-Electric Geared Turbofan Engine Conceptual Design and Benefits Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lents, Charles; Hardin, Larry; Rheaume, Jonathan; Kohlman, Lee

2016-01-01

The conceptual design of a parallel gas-electric hybrid propulsion system for a conventional single aisle twin engine tube and wing vehicle has been developed. The study baseline vehicle and engine technology are discussed, followed by results of the hybrid propulsion system sizing and performance analysis. The weights analysis for the electric energy storage & conversion system and thermal management system is described. Finally, the potential system benefits are assessed.

A Merged IQC/SOS Theory for Analysis and Synthesis of Nonlinear Control Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-23

constraints. As mentioned previously, this enables new applications of IQCs to analyze the robustness of time-varying and nonlinear systems . This...enables new applications of IQCs to analyze the robustness of time-varying and nonlinear systems . This section considers the analysis of nonlinear systems ...AFRL-AFOSR-VA-TR-2016-0008 A Merged IQC/SOS Theory for Analysis and Synthesis of Nonlinear Control Systems Gary Balas REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF

Market Assessment of Forward-Looking Turbulence Sensing Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kauffmann, Paul

2003-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides a cost benefit analysis of three next-generation forward-looking turbulence sensing systems: X band turbulence radar system for convective turbulence, LIDAR based turbulence systems to sense clear air turbulence and a combined hybrid system. Parameters for the cost benefit analysis were established using a business model which considered injury rates, cost of injuries, indirect costs, market penetration rate estimates and product success characteristics. Topics covered include: study approach, business case equations, data acquisition, benchmark analysis. Data interpretation from the cost benefit analysis is presented. The researchers conclude that the market potential for these products is based primarily on injury cost reduction and that X band radar systems have the greatest chance for commercial success.

Guide to the economic analysis of community energy systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pferdehirt, W. P.; Croke, K. G.; Hurter, A. P.; Kennedy, A. S.; Lee, C.

1981-08-01

This guidebook provides a framework for the economic analysis of community energy systems. The analysis facilitates a comparison of competing configurations in community energy systems, as well as a comparison with conventional energy systems. Various components of costs and revenues to be considered are discussed in detail. Computational procedures and accompanying worksheets are provided for calculating the net present value, straight and discounted payback periods, the rate of return, and the savings to investment ratio for the proposed energy system alternatives. These computations are based on a projection of the system's costs and revenues over its economic lifetimes. The guidebook also discusses the sensitivity of the results of this economic analysis to changes in various parameters and assumptions.

Convergence Estimates for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arian, Eyal

1997-01-01

A quantitative analysis of coupling between systems of equations is introduced. This analysis is then applied to problems in multidisciplinary analysis, sensitivity, and optimization. For the sensitivity and optimization problems both multidisciplinary and single discipline feasibility schemes are considered. In all these cases a "convergence factor" is estimated in terms of the Jacobians and Hessians of the system, thus it can also be approximated by existing disciplinary analysis and optimization codes. The convergence factor is identified with the measure for the "coupling" between the disciplines in the system. Applications to algorithm development are discussed. Demonstration of the convergence estimates and numerical results are given for a system composed of two non-linear algebraic equations, and for a system composed of two PDEs modeling aeroelasticity.

Modeling Tools for Propulsion Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics on the Internet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Muss, J. A.; Johnson, C. W.; Gotchy, M. B.

2000-01-01

The existing RocketWeb(TradeMark) Internet Analysis System (httr)://www.iohnsonrockets.com/rocketweb) provides an integrated set of advanced analysis tools that can be securely accessed over the Internet. Since these tools consist of both batch and interactive analysis codes, the system includes convenient methods for creating input files and evaluating the resulting data. The RocketWeb(TradeMark) system also contains many features that permit data sharing which, when further developed, will facilitate real-time, geographically diverse, collaborative engineering within a designated work group. Adding work group management functionality while simultaneously extending and integrating the system's set of design and analysis tools will create a system providing rigorous, controlled design development, reducing design cycle time and cost.

Wavelet analysis enables system-independent texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images.

PubMed

Lingley-Papadopoulos, Colleen A; Loew, Murray H; Zara, Jason M

2009-01-01

Texture analysis for tissue characterization is a current area of optical coherence tomography (OCT) research. We discuss some of the differences between OCT systems and the effects those differences have on the resulting images and subsequent image analysis. In addition, as an example, two algorithms for the automatic recognition of bladder cancer are compared: one that was developed on a single system with no consideration for system differences, and one that was developed to address the issues associated with system differences. The first algorithm had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 69% when tested using leave-one-out cross-validation on data taken from a single system. When tested on images from another system with a different central wavelength, however, the method classified all images as cancerous regardless of the true pathology. By contrast, with the use of wavelet analysis and the removal of system-dependent features, the second algorithm reported sensitivity and specificity values of 87 and 58%, respectively, when trained on images taken with one imaging system and tested on images taken with another.

Probabilistic stability analysis: the way forward for stability analysis of sustainable power systems.

PubMed

Milanović, Jovica V

2017-08-13

Future power systems will be significantly different compared with their present states. They will be characterized by an unprecedented mix of a wide range of electricity generation and transmission technologies, as well as responsive and highly flexible demand and storage devices with significant temporal and spatial uncertainty. The importance of probabilistic approaches towards power system stability analysis, as a subsection of power system studies routinely carried out by power system operators, has been highlighted in previous research. However, it may not be feasible (or even possible) to accurately model all of the uncertainties that exist within a power system. This paper describes for the first time an integral approach to probabilistic stability analysis of power systems, including small and large angular stability and frequency stability. It provides guidance for handling uncertainties in power system stability studies and some illustrative examples of the most recent results of probabilistic stability analysis of uncertain power systems.This article is part of the themed issue 'Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization'. © 2017 The Author(s).

Wavelet analysis enables system-independent texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lingley-Papadopoulos, Colleen A.; Loew, Murray H.; Zara, Jason M.

2009-07-01

Texture analysis for tissue characterization is a current area of optical coherence tomography (OCT) research. We discuss some of the differences between OCT systems and the effects those differences have on the resulting images and subsequent image analysis. In addition, as an example, two algorithms for the automatic recognition of bladder cancer are compared: one that was developed on a single system with no consideration for system differences, and one that was developed to address the issues associated with system differences. The first algorithm had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 69% when tested using leave-one-out cross-validation on data taken from a single system. When tested on images from another system with a different central wavelength, however, the method classified all images as cancerous regardless of the true pathology. By contrast, with the use of wavelet analysis and the removal of system-dependent features, the second algorithm reported sensitivity and specificity values of 87 and 58%, respectively, when trained on images taken with one imaging system and tested on images taken with another.

AN ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS FOR FEEDING HOT MEALS TO THE ARMY IN THE FIELD DURING 1975-1990 TIME FRAME.

DTIC Science & Technology

An analysis was conducted of a large number of potential systems for feeding hot meals to the Army in the field during the 1975-1990 time frame...system of company level feeding . An analysis of alternative mixed systems (company level and higher) is also made indicating greater potential for food

Finite wordlength implementation of a megachannel digital spectrum analyzer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Satorius, E. H.; Grimm, M. J.; Zimmerman, G. A.; Wilck, H. C.

1986-01-01

The results of an extensive system analysis of the megachannel spectrum analyzer currently being developed for use in various applications of the Deep Space Network are presented. The intent of this analysis is to quantify the effects of digital quantization errors on system performance. The results of this analysis provide useful guidelines for choosing various system design parameters to enhance system performance.

Reliability Validation and Improvement Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

systems . Steps in that direction include the use of the Architec- ture Tradeoff Analysis Method ® (ATAM®) developed at the Carnegie Mellon...embedded software • cyber - physical systems (CPSs) to indicate that the embedded software interacts with, manag - es, and controls a physical system [Lee...the use of formal static analysis methods to increase our confidence in system operation beyond testing. However, analysis results

Self-conscious robotic system design process--from analysis to implementation.

PubMed

Chella, Antonio; Cossentino, Massimo; Seidita, Valeria

2011-01-01

Developing robotic systems endowed with self-conscious capabilities means realizing complex sub-systems needing ad-hoc software engineering techniques for their modelling, analysis and implementation. In this chapter the whole process (from analysis to implementation) to model the development of self-conscious robotic systems is presented and the new created design process, PASSIC, supporting each part of it, is fully illustrated.

Combining Cloud Networks and Course Management Systems for Enhanced Analysis in Teaching Laboratories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abrams, Neal M.

2012-01-01

A cloud network system is combined with standard computing applications and a course management system to provide a robust method for sharing data among students. This system provides a unique method to improve data analysis by easily increasing the amount of sampled data available for analysis. The data can be shared within one course as well as…

Teaching Tip: Using Activity Diagrams to Model Systems Analysis Techniques: Teaching What We Preach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lending, Diane; May, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

Activity diagrams are used in Systems Analysis and Design classes as a visual tool to model the business processes of "as-is" and "to-be" systems. This paper presents the idea of using these same activity diagrams in the classroom to model the actual processes (practices and techniques) of Systems Analysis and Design. This tip…

Systems analysis of a closed loop ECLSS using the ASPEN simulation tool. Thermodynamic efficiency analysis of ECLSS components. M.S. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chatterjee, Sharmista

1993-01-01

Our first goal in this project was to perform a systems analysis of a closed loop Environmental Control Life Support System (ECLSS). This pertains to the development of a model of an existing real system from which to assess the state or performance of the existing system. Systems analysis is applied to conceptual models obtained from a system design effort. For our modelling purposes we used a simulator tool called ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering). Our second goal was to evaluate the thermodynamic efficiency of the different components comprising an ECLSS. Use is made of the second law of thermodynamics to determine the amount of irreversibility of energy loss of each component. This will aid design scientists in selecting the components generating the least entropy, as our penultimate goal is to keep the entropy generation of the whole system at a minimum.

Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using Life Cycle Climate Performance Analysis: From System Design to Refrigerant Options

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fricke, Brian A; Abdelaziz, Omar; Vineyard, Edward Allan

In this paper, Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) analysis is used to estimate lifetime direct and indirect carbon dioxide equivalent gas emissions of various refrigerant options and commercial refrigeration system designs, including the multiplex DX system with various hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, the HFC/R744 cascade system incorporating a medium-temperature R744 secondary loop, and the transcritical R744 booster system. The results of the LCCP analysis are presented, including the direct and indirect carbon dioxide equivalent emissions for each refrigeration system and refrigerant option. Based on the results of the LCCP analysis, recommendations are given for the selection of low GWP replacement refrigerantsmore » for use in existing commercial refrigeration systems, as well as for the selection of commercial refrigeration system designs with low carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, suitable for new installations.« less

Structural analysis and design for the development of floating photovoltaic energy generation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoon, S. J.; Joo, H. J.; Kim, S. H.

2018-06-01

In this paper, we discussed the structural analysis and design for the development of floating photovoltaic energy generation system. Series of research conducted to develop the system from the analysis and design of the structural system to the installation of the system discussed. In the structural system supporting solar panels PFRP materials and SMC FRP materials used. A unit module structure is fabricated and then the unit module structures are connected each other to assemble whole PV energy generation complex. This system connected directly to the power grid system. In addition, extensive monitoring for the efficiency of electricity generation and the soundness of the structural system is in progress for the further system enhancement.

Time Analysis: Still an Important Accountability Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fairchild, Thomas N.; Seeley, Tracey J.

1994-01-01

Reviews benefits to school counselors of conducting a time analysis. Describes time analysis system that authors have used, including case illustration of how authors used data to effect counseling program changes. System described followed process outlined by Fairchild: identifying services, devising coding system, keeping records, synthesizing…

Braking Analysis For Collision Avoidance-- Autonomous Braking System Performance Modeling And Benefits Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-24

THIS REPORT IS AN ANALYSIS OF THE BENEFITS OF A COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM IN REDUCING REAR-END CRASHES. THE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY UTILIZES THE SIGNAL FROM A FORWARD LOOKING SENSOR TO ACTIVATE THE TRACTION CONTROL VALVE ...

Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

The essential goal of the Rate Monotonic Analysis (RMA) for Real - Time Systems Project at the Software Engineering Institute is to catalyze...improvement in the practice of real time systems engineering, specifically by increasing the use of rate monotonic analysis and scheduling algorithms. In this

Transportation systems safety hazard analysis tool (SafetyHAT) user guide (version 1.0)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-24

This is a user guide for the transportation system Safety Hazard Analysis Tool (SafetyHAT) Version 1.0. SafetyHAT is a software tool that facilitates System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA.) This user guide provides instructions on how to download, ...

75 FR 35457 - Draft of the 2010 Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-22

... Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS) AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency... site, ``2010 release of the Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS).'' The... analyses, downloadable software tools, and links to outside information sources. II. How to Submit Comments...

The Warning System in Disaster Situations: A Selective Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

DISASTERS, *WARNING SYSTEMS), CIVIL DEFENSE, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, REACTION(PSYCHOLOGY), FACTOR ANALYSIS, CLASSIFICATION, STATISTICAL DATA, TIME ... MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL, DAMAGE, CONTROL SYSTEMS, THREAT EVALUATION, DECISION MAKING, DATA PROCESSING, COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS

Personalized Rapid Transit Systems : a First Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-07-01

A preliminary systems analysis of the presonalized rapid transit system concept is given. It includes presentatin of the significant advantages and disadvantages. Question of system capacity, station capacity, urban grid design, and headway requireme...

SCANS (Shipping Cask ANalysis System) a microcomputer-based analysis system for shipping cask design review: User`s manual to Version 3a. Volume 1, Revision 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mok, G.C.; Thomas, G.R.; Gerhard, M.A.

SCANS (Shipping Cask ANalysis System) is a microcomputer-based system of computer programs and databases developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for evaluating safety analysis reports on spent fuel shipping casks. SCANS is an easy-to-use system that calculates the global response to impact loads, pressure loads and thermal conditions, providing reviewers with an independent check on analyses submitted by licensees. SCANS is based on microcomputers compatible with the IBM-PC family of computers. The system is composed of a series of menus, input programs, cask analysis programs, and output display programs. All data is entered through fill-in-the-blank input screens thatmore » contain descriptive data requests. Analysis options are based on regulatory cases described in the Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR 71 and Regulatory Guides published by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1977 and 1978.« less

1992 NASA Life Support Systems Analysis workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evanich, Peggy L.; Crabb, Thomas M.; Gartrell, Charles F.

1992-01-01

The 1992 Life Support Systems Analysis Workshop was sponsored by NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) to integrate the inputs from, disseminate information to, and foster communication among NASA, industry, and academic specialists. The workshop continued discussion and definition of key issues identified in the 1991 workshop, including: (1) modeling and experimental validation; (2) definition of systems analysis evaluation criteria; (3) integration of modeling at multiple levels; and (4) assessment of process control modeling approaches. Through both the 1991 and 1992 workshops, NASA has continued to seek input from industry and university chemical process modeling and analysis experts, and to introduce and apply new systems analysis approaches to life support systems. The workshop included technical presentations, discussions, and interactive planning, with sufficient time allocated for discussion of both technology status and technology development recommendations. Key personnel currently involved with life support technology developments from NASA, industry, and academia provided input to the status and priorities of current and future systems analysis methods and requirements.

Analysis and design of a capsule landing system and surface vehicle control system for Mars exporation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frederick, D. K.; Lashmet, P. K.; Sandor, G. N.; Shen, C. N.; Smith, E. J.; Yerazunis, S. W.

1972-01-01

The problems related to the design and control of a mobile planetary vehicle to implement a systematic plan for the exploration of Mars were investigated. Problem areas receiving attention include: vehicle configuration, control, dynamics, systems and propulsion; systems analysis; navigation, terrain modeling and path selection; and chemical analysis of specimens. The following specific tasks were studied: vehicle model design, mathematical modeling of dynamic vehicle, experimental vehicle dynamics, obstacle negotiation, electromechanical controls, collapsibility and deployment, construction of a wheel tester, wheel analysis, payload design, system design optimization, effect of design assumptions, accessory optimal design, on-board computer subsystem, laser range measurement, discrete obstacle detection, obstacle detection systems, terrain modeling, path selection system simulation and evaluation, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system concepts, chromatograph model evaluation and improvement and transport parameter evaluation.

Analysis and design of a capsule landing system and surface vehicle control system for Mars exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frederick, D. K.; Lashmet, P. K.; Sandor, G. N.; Shen, C. N.; Smith, E. J.; Yerazunis, S. W.

1972-01-01

Investigation of problems related to the design and control of a mobile planetary vehicle to implement a systematic plan for the exploration of Mars has been undertaken. Problem areas receiving attention include: vehicle configuration, control, dynamics, systems and propulsion; systems analysis; terrain modeling and path selection; and chemical analysis of specimens. The following specific tasks have been under study: vehicle model design, mathematical modeling of a dynamic vehicle, experimental vehicle dynamics, obstacle negotiation, electromechanical controls, collapsibility and deployment, construction of a wheel tester, wheel analysis, payload design, system design optimization, effect of design assumptions, accessory optimal design, on-board computer sybsystem, laser range measurement, discrete obstacle detection, obstacle detection systems, terrain modeling, path selection system simulation and evaluation, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system concepts, chromatograph model evaluation and improvement.

Methodological aspects of fuel performance system analysis at raw hydrocarbon processing plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulbjakina, A. V.; Dolotovskij, I. V.

2018-01-01

The article discusses the methodological aspects of fuel performance system analysis at raw hydrocarbon (RH) processing plants. Modern RH processing facilities are the major consumers of energy resources (ER) for their own needs. To reduce ER, including fuel consumption, and to develop rational fuel system structure are complex and relevant scientific tasks that can only be done using system analysis and complex system synthesis. In accordance with the principles of system analysis, the hierarchical structure of the fuel system, the block scheme for the synthesis of the most efficient alternative of the fuel system using mathematical models and the set of performance criteria have been developed on the main stages of the study. The results from the introduction of specific engineering solutions to develop their own energy supply sources for RH processing facilities have been provided.

Optimization of life support systems and their systems reliability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fan, L. T.; Hwang, C. L.; Erickson, L. E.

1971-01-01

The identification, analysis, and optimization of life support systems and subsystems have been investigated. For each system or subsystem that has been considered, the procedure involves the establishment of a set of system equations (or mathematical model) based on theory and experimental evidences; the analysis and simulation of the model; the optimization of the operation, control, and reliability; analysis of sensitivity of the system based on the model; and, if possible, experimental verification of the theoretical and computational results. Research activities include: (1) modeling of air flow in a confined space; (2) review of several different gas-liquid contactors utilizing centrifugal force: (3) review of carbon dioxide reduction contactors in space vehicles and other enclosed structures: (4) application of modern optimal control theory to environmental control of confined spaces; (5) optimal control of class of nonlinear diffusional distributed parameter systems: (6) optimization of system reliability of life support systems and sub-systems: (7) modeling, simulation and optimal control of the human thermal system: and (8) analysis and optimization of the water-vapor eletrolysis cell.

Applications of High-speed motion analysis system on Solid Rocket Motor (SRM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yang; He, Guo-qiang; Li, Jiang; Liu, Pei-jin; Chen, Jian

2007-01-01

High-speed motion analysis system could record images up to 12,000fps and analyzed with the image processing system. The system stored data and images directly in electronic memory convenient for managing and analyzing. The high-speed motion analysis system and the X-ray radiography system were established the high-speed real-time X-ray radiography system, which could diagnose and measure the dynamic and high-speed process in opaque. The image processing software was developed for improve quality of the original image for acquiring more precise information. The typical applications of high-speed motion analysis system on solid rocket motor (SRM) were introduced in the paper. The research of anomalous combustion of solid propellant grain with defects, real-time measurement experiment of insulator eroding, explosion incision process of motor, structure and wave character of plume during the process of ignition and flameout, measurement of end burning of solid propellant, measurement of flame front and compatibility between airplane and missile during the missile launching were carried out using high-speed motion analysis system. The significative results were achieved through the research. Aim at application of high-speed motion analysis system on solid rocket motor, the key problem, such as motor vibrancy, electrical source instability, geometry aberrance, and yawp disturbance, which damaged the image quality, was solved. The image processing software was developed which improved the capability of measuring the characteristic of image. The experimental results showed that the system was a powerful facility to study instantaneous and high-speed process in solid rocket motor. With the development of the image processing technique, the capability of high-speed motion analysis system was enhanced.

A Model-Based Systems Engineering Methodology for Employing Architecture In System Analysis: Developing Simulation Models Using Systems Modeling Language Products to Link Architecture and Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

characteristics, experimental design techniques, and analysis methodologies that distinguish each phase of the MBSE MEASA. To ensure consistency... methodology . Experimental design selection, simulation analysis, and trade space analysis support the final two stages. Figure 27 segments the MBSE MEASA...rounding has the potential to increase the correlation between columns of the experimental design matrix. The design methodology presented in Vieira

Space Life-Support Engineering Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seagrave, Richard C. (Principal Investigator)

1995-01-01

This report covers the seventeen months of work performed under an extended one year NASA University Grant awarded to Iowa State University to perform research on topics relating to the development of closed-loop long-term life support systems with the initial principal focus on space water management. In the first phase of the program, investigators from chemistry and chemical engineering with demonstrated expertise in systems analysis, thermodynamics, analytical chemistry and instrumentation, performed research and development in two major related areas; the development of low-cost, accurate, and durable sensors for trace chemical and biological species, and the development of unsteady-state simulation packages for use in the development and optimization of control systems for life support systems. In the second year of the program, emphasis was redirected towards concentrating on the development of dynamic simulation techniques and software and on performing a thermodynamic systems analysis, centered on availability or energy analysis, in an effort to begin optimizing the systems needed for water purification. The third year of the program, the subject of this report, was devoted to the analysis of the water balance for the interaction between humans and the life support system during space flight and exercise, to analysis of the cardiopulmonary systems of humans during space flight, and to analysis of entropy production during operation of the air recovery system during space flight.

Try Fault Tree Analysis, a Step-by-Step Way to Improve Organization Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spitzer, Dean

1980-01-01

Fault Tree Analysis, a systems safety engineering technology used to analyze organizational systems, is described. Explains the use of logic gates to represent the relationship between failure events, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, and effective use of Fault Tree Analysis. (CT)

A Common Foundation of Information and Analytical Capability for AFSPC Decision Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-23

System Strategic Master Plan MAPs/MSP CRRAAF TASK FORCE CONOPS MUA Task Weights Engagement Analysis ASIIS Optimization ACEIT COST Analysis...Engangement Architecture Analysis Architecture MUA AFSPC POM S&T Planning Military Utility Analysis ACEIT COST Analysis Joint Capab Integ Develop System

CASKS (Computer Analysis of Storage Casks): A microcomputer based analysis system for storage cask review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, T.F.; Mok, G.C.; Carlson, R.W.

1996-12-01

CASKS is a microcomputer based computer system developed by LLNL to assist the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in performing confirmatory analyses for licensing review of radioactive-material storage cask designs. The analysis programs of the CASKS computer system consist of four modules--the impact analysis module, the thermal analysis module, the thermally-induced stress analysis module, and the pressure-induced stress analysis module. CASKS uses a series of menus to coordinate input programs, cask analysis programs, output programs, data archive programs and databases, so the user is able to run the system in an interactive environment. This paper outlines the theoretical background on the impactmore » analysis module and the yielding surface formulation. The close agreement between the CASKS analytical predictions and the results obtained form the two storage asks drop tests performed by SNL and by BNFL at Winfrith serves as the validation of the CASKS impact analysis module.« less

Casks (computer analysis of storage casks): A microcomputer based analysis system for storage cask review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, T.F.; Mok, G.C.; Carlson, R.W.

1995-08-01

CASKS is a microcomputer based computer system developed by LLNL to assist the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in performing confirmatory analyses for licensing review of radioactive-material storage cask designs. The analysis programs of the CASKS computer system consist of four modules: the impact analysis module, the thermal analysis module, the thermally-induced stress analysis module, and the pressure-induced stress analysis module. CASKS uses a series of menus to coordinate input programs, cask analysis programs, output programs, data archive programs and databases, so the user is able to run the system in an interactive environment. This paper outlines the theoretical background on themore » impact analysis module and the yielding surface formulation. The close agreement between the CASKS analytical predictions and the results obtained form the two storage casks drop tests performed by SNL and by BNFL at Winfrith serves as the validation of the CASKS impact analysis module.« less

A Systems Approach to Planning a Tele-Education System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vazquez-Abad, Jesus; Mitchell, P. David

1983-01-01

Presents a systems analysis for transforming an educational system operating under a conventional scheme into a tele-education system. Particular attention is paid to developing and analyzing a preferred media mix and to the use of models and simulations as part of conducting a systems analysis. (Author)

Application of the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-Loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) for Dynamic Systems Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey T.; Zinnecker, Alicia M.

2014-01-01

The aircraft engine design process seeks to achieve the best overall system-level performance, weight, and cost for a given engine design. This is achieved by a complex process known as systems analysis, where steady-state simulations are used to identify trade-offs that should be balanced to optimize the system. The steady-state simulations and data on which systems analysis relies may not adequately capture the true performance trade-offs that exist during transient operation. Dynamic Systems Analysis provides the capability for assessing these trade-offs at an earlier stage of the engine design process. The concept of dynamic systems analysis and the type of information available from this analysis are presented in this paper. To provide this capability, the Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) was developed. This tool aids a user in the design of a power management controller to regulate thrust, and a transient limiter to protect the engine model from surge at a single flight condition (defined by an altitude and Mach number). Results from simulation of the closed-loop system may be used to estimate the dynamic performance of the model. This enables evaluation of the trade-off between performance and operability, or safety, in the engine, which could not be done with steady-state data alone. A design study is presented to compare the dynamic performance of two different engine models integrated with the TTECTrA software.

An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chytka, T. M.; Brown, R. W.; Shih, A. T.; Reeves, J. D.; Dempsey, J. A.

2006-01-01

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is the evaluation of the impacts that design decisions have on a system and provides a framework for identifying and evaluating design benefits and burdens associated with the life cycles of space transportation systems from a "cradle-to-grave" approach. Sometimes called life cycle assessment, life cycle approach, or "cradle to grave analysis", it represents a rapidly emerging family of tools and techniques designed to be a decision support methodology and aid in the development of sustainable systems. The implementation of a Life Cycle Analysis can vary and may take many forms; from global system-level uncertainty-centered analysis to the assessment of individualized discriminatory metrics. This paper will focus on a proven LCA methodology developed by the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA Langley Research Center to quantify and assess key LCA discriminatory metrics, in particular affordability, reliability, maintainability, and operability. This paper will address issues inherent in Life Cycle Analysis including direct impacts, such as system development cost and crew safety, as well as indirect impacts, which often take the form of coupled metrics (i.e., the cost of system unreliability). Since LCA deals with the analysis of space vehicle system conceptual designs, it is imperative to stress that the goal of LCA is not to arrive at the answer but, rather, to provide important inputs to a broader strategic planning process, allowing the managers to make risk-informed decisions, and increase the likelihood of meeting mission success criteria.

Building 865 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Power System Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schneider, Larry X.

2015-02-01

This report documents the characterization and analysis of a high current power supply for the building 865 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel at Sandia National Laboratories. The system described in this report became operational in 2013, replacing the original 1968 system which employed an induction voltage regulator. This analysis and testing was completed to help the parent organization understand why an updated and redesigned power system was not delivering adequate power to resistive heater elements in the HWT. This analysis led to an improved understanding of the design and operation of the revised 2013 power supply system and identifies several reasons themore » revised system failed to achieve the performance of the original power supply installation. Design modifications to improve the performance of this system are discussed.« less

Soft error evaluation and vulnerability analysis in Xilinx Zynq-7010 system-on chip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Xuecheng; He, Chaohui; Liu, Shuhuan; Zhang, Yao; Li, Yonghong; Xiong, Ceng; Tan, Pengkang

2016-09-01

Radiation-induced soft errors are an increasingly important threat to the reliability of modern electronic systems. In order to evaluate system-on chip's reliability and soft error, the fault tree analysis method was used in this work. The system fault tree was constructed based on Xilinx Zynq-7010 All Programmable SoC. Moreover, the soft error rates of different components in Zynq-7010 SoC were tested by americium-241 alpha radiation source. Furthermore, some parameters that used to evaluate the system's reliability and safety were calculated using Isograph Reliability Workbench 11.0, such as failure rate, unavailability and mean time to failure (MTTF). According to fault tree analysis for system-on chip, the critical blocks and system reliability were evaluated through the qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Computer-Aided Communication Satellite System Analysis and Optimization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stagl, Thomas W.; And Others

Various published computer programs for fixed/broadcast communication satellite system synthesis and optimization are discussed. The rationale for selecting General Dynamics/Convair's Satellite Telecommunication Analysis and Modeling Program (STAMP) in modified form to aid in the system costing and sensitivity analysis work in the Program on…

System design of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft. Volume 3: Systems analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, J. N.

1973-01-01

The mission, systems, operations, ground systems, and reliability analysis of the Thor/Delta baseline design used for the Pioneer Space Probe are discussed. Tradeoff decisions concerning spin axis orientation, bus antenna design, communication system design, probe descent, and reduced science payload are analyzed. The reliability analysis is made for the probe bus mission, large probe mission, and small probe mission. Detailed mission sequences were established to identify critical areas and provide phasing of critical operation.

Sensitivity analysis as an aid in modelling and control of (poorly-defined) ecological systems. [closed ecological systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornberger, G. M.; Rastetter, E. B.

1982-01-01

A literature review of the use of sensitivity analyses in modelling nonlinear, ill-defined systems, such as ecological interactions is presented. Discussions of previous work, and a proposed scheme for generalized sensitivity analysis applicable to ill-defined systems are included. This scheme considers classes of mathematical models, problem-defining behavior, analysis procedures (especially the use of Monte-Carlo methods), sensitivity ranking of parameters, and extension to control system design.

Design of a dual-mode electrochemical measurement and analysis system.

PubMed

Yang, Jr-Fu; Wei, Chia-Ling; Wu, Jian-Fu; Liu, Bin-Da

2013-01-01

A dual-mode electrochemical measurement and analysis system is proposed. This system includes a dual-mode chip, which was designed and fabricated by using TSMC 0.35 µm 3.3 V/5 V 2P4M mixed-signal CMOS process. Two electrochemical measurement and analysis methods, chronopotentiometry and voltammetry, can be performed by using the proposed chip and system. The proposed chip and system are verified successfully by performing voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on solutions.

Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

Preliminary Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) of the Brayton Isotope Power System Ground Demonstration System, Report No. TID 27301...No. TID/SNA - 3015, Aeroject Nuclear Systems Co., Sacramento, California: 1970. 95. Taylor , J.R. A Formalization of Failure Mode Analysis of Control...Roskilde, Denmark: 1973. 96. Taylor , J.R. A Semi-Automatic Method for Oualitative Failure Mode Analysis. Report No. RISO-M-1707. Available from a

A Mobile Computing Solution for Collecting Functional Analysis Data on a Pocket PC

PubMed Central

Jackson, James; Dixon, Mark R

2007-01-01

The present paper provides a task analysis for creating a computerized data system using a Pocket PC and Microsoft Visual Basic. With Visual Basic software and any handheld device running the Windows Moble operating system, this task analysis will allow behavior analysts to program and customize their own functional analysis data-collection system. The program will allow the user to select the type of behavior to be recorded, choose between interval and frequency data collection, and summarize data for graphing and analysis. We also provide suggestions for customizing the data-collection system for idiosyncratic research and clinical needs. PMID:17624078

Comfort and convenience analysis of advanced restraint systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-08-25

Five restraint systems were evaluated in terms of comfort and convenience by ten subjects. Statistical analysis of particular questions and system comparisons uncovered potential problems. The standard lap and shoulder belt system (1974 Chevrolet Imp...

Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lemen, J. R.; Freeland, S. L.

1997-01-01

Efforts concentrated on development and implementation of the SolarSoft (SSW) data analysis system. From an EIT analysis perspective, this system was designed to facilitate efficient reuse and conversion of software developed for Yohkoh/SXT and to take advantage of a large existing body of software developed by the SDAC, Yohkoh, and SOHO instrument teams. Another strong motivation for this system was to provide an EIT analysis environment which permits coordinated analysis of EIT data in conjunction with data from important supporting instruments, including Yohkoh/SXT and the other SOHO coronal instruments; CDS, SUMER, and LASCO. In addition, the SSW system will support coordinated EIT/TRACE analysis (by design) when TRACE data is available; TRACE launch is currently planned for March 1998. Working with Jeff Newmark, the Chianti software package (K.P. Dere et al) and UV /EUV data base was fully integrated into the SSW system to facilitate EIT temperature and emission analysis.

[Development of performance evaluation and management system on advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment].

PubMed

Zhou, Xiao-Rong; Huang, Shui-Sheng; Gong, Xin-Guo; Cen, Li-Ping; Zhang, Cong; Zhu, Hong; Yang, Jun-Jing; Chen, Li

2012-04-01

To construct a performance evaluation and management system on advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment, and analyze and evaluate the work of the advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment over the years. By applying the database management technique and C++ programming technique, we inputted the information of the advanced schistosomiasis cases into the system, and comprehensively evaluated the work of the advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment through the cost-effect analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. We made a set of software formula about cost-effect analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. This system had many features such as clear building, easy to operate, friendly surface, convenient information input and information search. It could benefit the performance evaluation of the province's advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment work. This system can satisfy the current needs of advanced schistosomiasis medical treatment work and can be easy to be widely used.

Miniaturized flow injection analysis system

DOEpatents

Folta, J.A.

1997-07-01

A chemical analysis technique known as flow injection analysis is described, wherein small quantities of chemical reagents and sample are intermixed and reacted within a capillary flow system and the reaction products are detected optically, electrochemically, or by other means. A highly miniaturized version of a flow injection analysis system has been fabricated utilizing microfabrication techniques common to the microelectronics industry. The microflow system uses flow capillaries formed by etching microchannels in a silicon or glass wafer followed by bonding to another wafer, commercially available microvalves bonded directly to the microflow channels, and an optical absorption detector cell formed near the capillary outlet, with light being both delivered and collected with fiber optics. The microflow system is designed mainly for analysis of liquids and currently measures 38{times}25{times}3 mm, but can be designed for gas analysis and be substantially smaller in construction. 9 figs.

Structured Analysis and the Data Flow Diagram: Tools for Library Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, David H.

1986-01-01

This article discusses tools developed to aid the systems analysis process (program evaluation and review technique, Gantt charts, organizational charts, decision tables, flowcharts, hierarchy plus input-process-output). Similarities and differences among techniques, library applications of analysis, structured systems analysis, and the data flow…

Space crew radiation exposure analysis system based on a commercial stand-alone CAD system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Appleby, Matthew H.; Golightly, Michael J.; Hardy, Alva C.

1992-01-01

Major improvements have recently been completed in the approach to spacecraft shielding analysis. A Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based system has been developed for determining the shielding provided to any point within or external to the spacecraft. Shielding analysis is performed using a commercially available stand-alone CAD system and a customized ray-tracing subroutine contained within a standard engineering modeling software package. This improved shielding analysis technique has been used in several vehicle design projects such as a Mars transfer habitat, pressurized lunar rover, and the redesigned Space Station. Results of these analyses are provided to demonstrate the applicability and versatility of the system.

Multi-Mission System Analysis for Planetary Entry (M-SAPE) Version 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samareh, Jamshid; Glaab, Louis; Winski, Richard G.; Maddock, Robert W.; Emmett, Anjie L.; Munk, Michelle M.; Agrawal, Parul; Sepka, Steve; Aliaga, Jose; Zarchi, Kerry;

IDIMS/GEOPAK: Users manual for a geophysical data display and analysis system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Libert, J. M.

1982-01-01

The application of an existing image analysis system to the display and analysis of geophysical data is described, the potential for expanding the capabilities of such a system toward more advanced computer analytic and modeling functions is investigated. The major features of the IDIMS (Interactive Display and Image Manipulation System) and its applicability for image type analysis of geophysical data are described. Development of a basic geophysical data processing system to permit the image representation, coloring, interdisplay and comparison of geophysical data sets using existing IDIMS functions and to provide for the production of hard copies of processed images was described. An instruction manual and documentation for the GEOPAK subsystem was produced. A training course for personnel in the use of the IDIMS/GEOPAK was conducted. The effectiveness of the current IDIMS/GEOPAK system for geophysical data analysis was evaluated.

A review of intelligent systems for heart sound signal analysis.

PubMed

Nabih-Ali, Mohammed; El-Dahshan, El-Sayed A; Yahia, Ashraf S

2017-10-01

Intelligent computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can enhance the diagnostic capabilities of physicians and reduce the time required for accurate diagnosis. CAD systems could provide physicians with a suggestion about the diagnostic of heart diseases. The objective of this paper is to review the recent published preprocessing, feature extraction and classification techniques and their state of the art of phonocardiogram (PCG) signal analysis. Published literature reviewed in this paper shows the potential of machine learning techniques as a design tool in PCG CAD systems and reveals that the CAD systems for PCG signal analysis are still an open problem. Related studies are compared to their datasets, feature extraction techniques and the classifiers they used. Current achievements and limitations in developing CAD systems for PCG signal analysis using machine learning techniques are presented and discussed. In the light of this review, a number of future research directions for PCG signal analysis are provided.

Coal systems analysis: A new approach to the understanding of coal formation, coal quality and environmental considerations, and coal as a source rock for hydrocarbons

USGS Publications Warehouse

Warwick, Peter D.

2005-01-01

Coal is an important and required energy source for today's world. Current rates of world coal consumption are projected to continue at approximately the same (or greater) levels well into the twenty-first century. This paper will provide an introduction to the concept of coal systems analysis and the accompanying volume of papers will provide examples of how coal systems analysis can be used to understand, characterize, and evaluate coal and coal gas resources. Coal systems analysis incorporates the various disciplines of coal geology to provide a complete characterization of the resource. The coal system is divided into four stages: (1) accumulation, (2) preservation-burial, (3) diagenesis-coalification, and (4) coal and hydrocarbon resources. These stages are briefly discussed and key references and examples of the application of coal systems analysis are provided.

Test Analysis Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeng, Frank F.

2007-01-01

Development of analysis guidelines for Exploration Life Support (ELS) technology tests was completed. The guidelines were developed based on analysis experiences gained from supporting Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) technology development in air revitalization systems and water recovery systems. Analyses are vital during all three phases of the ELS technology test: pre-test, during test and post test. Pre-test analyses of a test system help define hardware components, predict system and component performances, required test duration, sampling frequencies of operation parameters, etc. Analyses conducted during tests could verify the consistency of all the measurements and the performance of the test system. Post test analyses are an essential part of the test task. Results of post test analyses are an important factor in judging whether the technology development is a successful one. In addition, development of a rigorous model for a test system is an important objective of any new technology development. Test data analyses, especially post test data analyses, serve to verify the model. Test analyses have supported development of many ECLSS technologies. Some test analysis tasks in ECLSS technology development are listed in the Appendix. To have effective analysis support for ECLSS technology tests, analysis guidelines would be a useful tool. These test guidelines were developed based on experiences gained through previous analysis support of various ECLSS technology tests. A comment on analysis from an experienced NASA ECLSS manager (1) follows: "Bad analysis was one that bent the test to prove that the analysis was right to begin with. Good analysis was one that directed where the testing should go and also bridged the gap between the reality of the test facility and what was expected on orbit."

Urban Planning and Management Information Systems Analysis and Design Based on GIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xin, Wang

Based on the analysis of existing relevant systems on the basis of inadequate, after a detailed investigation and research, urban planning and management information system will be designed for three-tier structure system, under the LAN using C/S mode architecture. Related functions for the system designed in accordance with the requirements of the architecture design of the functional relationships between the modules. Analysis of the relevant interface and design, data storage solutions proposed. The design for small and medium urban planning information system provides a viable building program.

Exergy Analysis of Rocket Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, Andrew; Mesmer, Bryan; Watson, Michael D.

2015-01-01

Exergy is defined as the useful work available from a system in a specified environment. Exergy analysis allows for comparison between different system designs, and allows for comparison of subsystem efficiencies within system designs. The proposed paper explores the relationship between the fundamental rocket equation and an exergy balance equation. A previously derived exergy equation related to rocket systems is investigated, and a higher fidelity analysis will be derived. The exergy assessments will enable informed, value-based decision making when comparing alternative rocket system designs, and will allow the most efficient configuration among candidate configurations to be determined.

Attitude Determination Error Analysis System (ADEAS) mathematical specifications document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nicholson, Mark; Markley, F.; Seidewitz, E.

1988-01-01

The mathematical specifications of Release 4.0 of the Attitude Determination Error Analysis System (ADEAS), which provides a general-purpose linear error analysis capability for various spacecraft attitude geometries and determination processes, are presented. The analytical basis of the system is presented. The analytical basis of the system is presented, and detailed equations are provided for both three-axis-stabilized and spin-stabilized attitude sensor models.

An Analysis of Turkey’s Defense Systems Acquisition Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

i NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA MBA PROFESSIONAL REPORT An Analysis of Turkey’s Defense Systems Acquisition...2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED MBA THESIS 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Analysis of Turkey’s Defense Systems Acquisition Policy 6. AUTHOR(S...DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The purpose of this MBA thesis is to analyze Turkey’s defense systems acquisition policy and

Collaboration and Synergy among Government, Industry and Academia in M&S Domain: Turkey’s Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

Analysis, Decision Support System Design and Implementation, Simulation Output Analysis, Statistical Data Analysis, Virtual Reality , Artificial... virtual and constructive visual simulation systems as well as integrated advanced analytical models. Collaboration and Synergy among Government...simulation systems that are ready to use, credible, integrated with C4ISR systems.  Creating synthetic environments and/or virtual prototypes of concepts

Requirements Analysis for the Army Safety Management Information System (ASMIS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

8217_>’ Telephone Number « .. PNL-6819 Limited Distribution Requirements Analysis for the Army Safety Management Information System (ASMIS) Final...PNL-6819 REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS FOR THE ARMY SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (ASMIS) FINAL REPORT J. S. Littlefield A. L. Corrigan March...accidents. This accident data is available under the Army Safety Management Information System (ASMIS) which is an umbrella for many databases

FaSTR DNA: a new expert system for forensic DNA analysis.

PubMed

Power, Timothy; McCabe, Brendan; Harbison, Sally Ann

2008-06-01

The automation of DNA profile analysis of reference and crime samples continues to gain pace driven in part by a realisation by the criminal justice system of the positive impact DNA technology can have in aiding in the solution of crime and the apprehension of suspects. Expert systems to automate the profile analysis component of the process are beginning to be developed. In this paper, we report the validation of a new expert system FaSTR DNA, an expert system suitable for the analysis of DNA profiles from single source reference samples and from crime samples. We compare the performance of FaSTR DNA with that of other equivalent systems, GeneMapper ID v3.2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and FSS-i(3) v4 (The Forensic Science Service((R)) DNA expert System Suite FSS-i(3), Forensic Science Service, Birmingham, UK) with GeneScan Analysis v3.7/Genotyper v3.7 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with manual review. We have shown that FaSTR DNA provides an alternative solution to automating DNA profile analysis and is appropriate for implementation into forensic laboratories. The FaSTR DNA system was demonstrated to be comparable in performance to that of GeneMapper ID v3.2 and superior to that of FSS-i(3) v4 for the analysis of DNA profiles from crime samples.

Using task analysis to understand the Data System Operations Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holder, Barbara E.

1994-01-01

The Data Systems Operations Team (DSOT) currently monitors the Multimission Ground Data System (MGDS) at JPL. The MGDS currently supports five spacecraft and within the next five years, it will support ten spacecraft simultaneously. The ground processing element of the MGDS consists of a distributed UNIX-based system of over 40 nodes and 100 processes. The MGDS system provides operators with little or no information about the system's end-to-end processing status or end-to-end configuration. The lack of system visibility has become a critical issue in the daily operation of the MGDS. A task analysis was conducted to determine what kinds of tools were needed to provide DSOT with useful status information and to prioritize the tool development. The analysis provided the formality and structure needed to get the right information exchange between development and operations. How even a small task analysis can improve developer-operator communications is described, and the challenges associated with conducting a task analysis in a real-time mission operations environment are examined.

The weakest t-norm based intuitionistic fuzzy fault-tree analysis to evaluate system reliability.

PubMed

Kumar, Mohit; Yadav, Shiv Prasad

2012-07-01

In this paper, a new approach of intuitionistic fuzzy fault-tree analysis is proposed to evaluate system reliability and to find the most critical system component that affects the system reliability. Here weakest t-norm based intuitionistic fuzzy fault tree analysis is presented to calculate fault interval of system components from integrating expert's knowledge and experience in terms of providing the possibility of failure of bottom events. It applies fault-tree analysis, α-cut of intuitionistic fuzzy set and T(ω) (the weakest t-norm) based arithmetic operations on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy sets to obtain fault interval and reliability interval of the system. This paper also modifies Tanaka et al.'s fuzzy fault-tree definition. In numerical verification, a malfunction of weapon system "automatic gun" is presented as a numerical example. The result of the proposed method is compared with the listing approaches of reliability analysis methods. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Supporting Space Systems Design via Systems Dependency Analysis Methodology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guariniello, Cesare

The increasing size and complexity of space systems and space missions pose severe challenges to space systems engineers. When complex systems and Systems-of-Systems are involved, the behavior of the whole entity is not only due to that of the individual systems involved but also to the interactions and dependencies between the systems. Dependencies can be varied and complex, and designers usually do not perform analysis of the impact of dependencies at the level of complex systems, or this analysis involves excessive computational cost, or occurs at a later stage of the design process, after designers have already set detailed requirements, following a bottom-up approach. While classical systems engineering attempts to integrate the perspectives involved across the variety of engineering disciplines and the objectives of multiple stakeholders, there is still a need for more effective tools and methods capable to identify, analyze and quantify properties of the complex system as a whole and to model explicitly the effect of some of the features that characterize complex systems. This research describes the development and usage of Systems Operational Dependency Analysis and Systems Developmental Dependency Analysis, two methods based on parametric models of the behavior of complex systems, one in the operational domain and one in the developmental domain. The parameters of the developed models have intuitive meaning, are usable with subjective and quantitative data alike, and give direct insight into the causes of observed, and possibly emergent, behavior. The approach proposed in this dissertation combines models of one-to-one dependencies among systems and between systems and capabilities, to analyze and evaluate the impact of failures or delays on the outcome of the whole complex system. The analysis accounts for cascading effects, partial operational failures, multiple failures or delays, and partial developmental dependencies. The user of these methods can assess the behavior of each system based on its internal status and on the topology of its dependencies on systems connected to it. Designers and decision makers can therefore quickly analyze and explore the behavior of complex systems and evaluate different architectures under various working conditions. The methods support educated decision making both in the design and in the update process of systems architecture, reducing the need to execute extensive simulations. In particular, in the phase of concept generation and selection, the information given by the methods can be used to identify promising architectures to be further tested and improved, while discarding architectures that do not show the required level of global features. The methods, when used in conjunction with appropriate metrics, also allow for improved reliability and risk analysis, as well as for automatic scheduling and re-scheduling based on the features of the dependencies and on the accepted level of risk. This dissertation illustrates the use of the two methods in sample aerospace applications, both in the operational and in the developmental domain. The applications show how to use the developed methodology to evaluate the impact of failures, assess the criticality of systems, quantify metrics of interest, quantify the impact of delays, support informed decision making when scheduling the development of systems and evaluate the achievement of partial capabilities. A larger, well-framed case study illustrates how the Systems Operational Dependency Analysis method and the Systems Developmental Dependency Analysis method can support analysis and decision making, at the mid and high level, in the design process of architectures for the exploration of Mars. The case study also shows how the methods do not replace the classical systems engineering methodologies, but support and improve them.

Safety Analysis and Protection Measures of the Control System of the Pulsed High Magnetic Field Facility in WHMFC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, J. T.; Han, X. T.; Xie, J. F.; Yao, L.; Huang, L. T.; Li, L.

2013-03-01

A Pulsed High Magnetic Field Facility (PHMFF) has been established in Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC) and various protection measures are applied in its control system. In order to improve the reliability and robustness of the control system, the safety analysis of the PHMFF is carried out based on Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. The function and realization of 5 protection systems, which include sequence experiment operation system, safety assistant system, emergency stop system, fault detecting and processing system and accident isolating protection system, are given. The tests and operation indicate that these measures improve the safety of the facility and ensure the safety of people.

Cost-volume-profit and net present value analysis of health information systems.

PubMed

McLean, R A

1998-08-01

The adoption of any information system should be justified by an economic analysis demonstrating that its projected benefits outweigh its projected costs. Analysis differ, however, on which methods to employ for such a justification. Accountants prefer cost-volume-profit analysis, and economists prefer net present value analysis. The article explains the strengths and weaknesses of each method and shows how they can be used together so that well-informed investments in information systems can be made.

Space station operating system study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horn, Albert E.; Harwell, Morris C.

1988-01-01

The current phase of the Space Station Operating System study is based on the analysis, evaluation, and comparison of the operating systems implemented on the computer systems and workstations in the software development laboratory. Primary emphasis has been placed on the DEC MicroVMS operating system as implemented on the MicroVax II computer, with comparative analysis of the SUN UNIX system on the SUN 3/260 workstation computer, and to a limited extent, the IBM PC/AT microcomputer running PC-DOS. Some benchmark development and testing was also done for the Motorola MC68010 (VM03 system) before the system was taken from the laboratory. These systems were studied with the objective of determining their capability to support Space Station software development requirements, specifically for multi-tasking and real-time applications. The methodology utilized consisted of development, execution, and analysis of benchmark programs and test software, and the experimentation and analysis of specific features of the system or compilers in the study.

An Efficient Objective Analysis System for Parallel Computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stobie, J.

1999-01-01

A new atmospheric objective analysis system designed for parallel computers will be described. The system can produce a global analysis (on a 1 X 1 lat-lon grid with 18 levels of heights and winds and 10 levels of moisture) using 120,000 observations in 17 minutes on 32 CPUs (SGI Origin 2000). No special parallel code is needed (e.g. MPI or multitasking) and the 32 CPUs do not have to be on the same platform. The system is totally portable and can run on several different architectures at once. In addition, the system can easily scale up to 100 or more CPUS. This will allow for much higher resolution and significant increases in input data. The system scales linearly as the number of observations and the number of grid points. The cost overhead in going from 1 to 32 CPUs is 18%. In addition, the analysis results are identical regardless of the number of processors used. This system has all the characteristics of optimal interpolation, combining detailed instrument and first guess error statistics to produce the best estimate of the atmospheric state. Static tests with a 2 X 2.5 resolution version of this system showed it's analysis increments are comparable to the latest NASA operational system including maintenance of mass-wind balance. Results from several months of cycling test in the Goddard EOS Data Assimilation System (GEOS DAS) show this new analysis retains the same level of agreement between the first guess and observations (O-F statistics) as the current operational system.

Reliability and sensitivity analysis of a system with multiple unreliable service stations and standby switching failures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ke, Jyh-Bin; Lee, Wen-Chiung; Wang, Kuo-Hsiung

2007-07-01

This paper presents the reliability and sensitivity analysis of a system with M primary units, W warm standby units, and R unreliable service stations where warm standby units switching to the primary state might fail. Failure times of primary and warm standby units are assumed to have exponential distributions, and service times of the failed units are exponentially distributed. In addition, breakdown times and repair times of the service stations also follow exponential distributions. Expressions for system reliability, RY(t), and mean time to system failure, MTTF are derived. Sensitivity analysis, relative sensitivity analysis of the system reliability and the mean time to failure, with respect to system parameters are also investigated.

Development of a Methodology for Assessing Aircrew Workloads.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

Workload Feasibility Study. .. ...... 52 Subjects. .. .............. ........ 53 Equipment .. ............... ....... 53 Date Analysis ... analysis ; simulation; standard time systems; switching synthetic time systems; task activities; task interference; time study; tracking; workload; work sampl...standard data systems, information content analysis , work sampling and job evaluation. Con- ventional methods were found to be deficient in accounting

Estimating Manpower, Personnel, and Training Requirements Early in the Weapon System Acquisition Process: An Application of the HARDMAN Methodology to the Army’s Division Support Weapon System

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

identifies the supply of personnel and training resources that can be expected at critical dates in the conceptual weapon system’s acquisition schedule...impact analysis matches demand to supply and identifies shortfalls in skills, new skill requirements, and high resource drivers. The tradeoff analysis...system. Step 5 - Conduct Impact Analysis The Impact Analysis determines the Army’s supply of those personnel and training resources required by the

Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) Version 6 - General Purpose Thermo-Fluid Network Analysis Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Majumdar, Alok; Leclair, Andre; Moore, Ric; Schallhorn, Paul

2011-01-01

GFSSP stands for Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program. It is a general-purpose computer program to compute pressure, temperature and flow distribution in a flow network. GFSSP calculates pressure, temperature, and concentrations at nodes and calculates flow rates through branches. It was primarily developed to analyze Internal Flow Analysis of a Turbopump Transient Flow Analysis of a Propulsion System. GFSSP development started in 1994 with an objective to provide a generalized and easy to use flow analysis tool for thermo-fluid systems.

An Integrated Analysis of the Physiological Effects of Space Flight: Executive Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leonard, J. I.

1985-01-01

A large array of models were applied in a unified manner to solve problems in space flight physiology. Mathematical simulation was used as an alternative way of looking at physiological systems and maximizing the yield from previous space flight experiments. A medical data analysis system was created which consist of an automated data base, a computerized biostatistical and data analysis system, and a set of simulation models of physiological systems. Five basic models were employed: (1) a pulsatile cardiovascular model; (2) a respiratory model; (3) a thermoregulatory model; (4) a circulatory, fluid, and electrolyte balance model; and (5) an erythropoiesis regulatory model. Algorithms were provided to perform routine statistical tests, multivariate analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, and autocorrelation analysis. Special purpose programs were prepared for rank correlation, factor analysis, and the integration of the metabolic balance data.

Solar energy system economic evaluation: IBM System 2, Togus, Maine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The economic analysis of the solar energy system, is developed for Torgus and four other sites typical of a wide range of environmental and economic conditions in the continental United States. This analysis is accomplished based on the technical and economic models in the f-chart design procedure with inputs taken on the characteristics of the installed system and local conditions. The results are expressed in terms of the economic parameters of present worth of system cost over a projected twenty year life, life cycle savings, year of positive savings and year of payback for the optimized solar energy system at each of the analysis sites. The sensitivity of the economic evaluation to uncertainties in constituent system and economic variables is also investigated. Results demonstrate that the solar energy system is economically viable at all of the five sites for which the analysis was conducted.

Analysis of static and dynamic characteristic of spindle system and its structure optimization in camshaft grinding machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Jianjun; Li, Chengzhe; Wu, Zhi

2017-08-01

As an important part of the valve opening and closing controller in engine, camshaft has high machining accuracy requirement in designing. Taking the high-speed camshaft grinder spindle system as the research object and the spindle system performance as the optimizing target, this paper firstly uses Solidworks to establish the three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of spindle system, then conducts static analysis and the modal analysis by applying the established FEM in ANSYS Workbench, and finally uses the design optimization function of the ANSYS Workbench to optimize the structure parameter in the spindle system. The study results prove that the design of the spindle system fully meets the production requirements, and the performance of the optimized spindle system is promoted. Besides, this paper provides an analysis and optimization method for other grinder spindle systems.

Rewriting Modulo SMT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rocha, Camilo; Meseguer, Jose; Munoz, Cesar A.

2013-01-01

Combining symbolic techniques such as: (i) SMT solving, (ii) rewriting modulo theories, and (iii) model checking can enable the analysis of infinite-state systems outside the scope of each such technique. This paper proposes rewriting modulo SMT as a new technique combining the powers of (i)-(iii) and ideally suited to model and analyze infinite-state open systems; that is, systems that interact with a non-deterministic environment. Such systems exhibit both internal non-determinism due to the system, and external non-determinism due to the environment. They are not amenable to finite-state model checking analysis because they typically are infinite-state. By being reducible to standard rewriting using reflective techniques, rewriting modulo SMT can both naturally model and analyze open systems without requiring any changes to rewriting-based reachability analysis techniques for closed systems. This is illustrated by the analysis of a real-time system beyond the scope of timed automata methods.

System parameter identification from projection of inverse analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, K.; Law, S. S.; Zhu, X. Q.

2017-05-01

The output of a system due to a change of its parameters is often approximated with the sensitivity matrix from the first order Taylor series. The system output can be measured in practice, but the perturbation in the system parameters is usually not available. Inverse sensitivity analysis can be adopted to estimate the unknown system parameter perturbation from the difference between the observation output data and corresponding analytical output data calculated from the original system model. The inverse sensitivity analysis is re-visited in this paper with improvements based on the Principal Component Analysis on the analytical data calculated from the known system model. The identification equation is projected into a subspace of principal components of the system output, and the sensitivity of the inverse analysis is improved with an iterative model updating procedure. The proposed method is numerical validated with a planar truss structure and dynamic experiments with a seven-storey planar steel frame. Results show that it is robust to measurement noise, and the location and extent of stiffness perturbation can be identified with better accuracy compared with the conventional response sensitivity-based method.

Simplified Phased-Mission System Analysis for Systems with Independent Component Repairs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Somani, Arun K.

1996-01-01

Accurate analysis of reliability of system requires that it accounts for all major variations in system's operation. Most reliability analyses assume that the system configuration, success criteria, and component behavior remain the same. However, multiple phases are natural. We present a new computationally efficient technique for analysis of phased-mission systems where the operational states of a system can be described by combinations of components states (such as fault trees or assertions). Moreover, individual components may be repaired, if failed, as part of system operation but repairs are independent of the system state. For repairable systems Markov analysis techniques are used but they suffer from state space explosion. That limits the size of system that can be analyzed and it is expensive in computation. We avoid the state space explosion. The phase algebra is used to account for the effects of variable configurations, repairs, and success criteria from phase to phase. Our technique yields exact (as opposed to approximate) results. We demonstrate our technique by means of several examples and present numerical results to show the effects of phases and repairs on the system reliability/availability.

Complex multidisciplinary system composition for aerospace vehicle conceptual design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez, Lex

Although, there exists a vast amount of work concerning the analysis, design, integration of aerospace vehicle systems, there is no standard for how this data and knowledge should be combined in order to create a synthesis system. Each institution creating a synthesis system has in house vehicle and hardware components they are attempting to model and proprietary methods with which to model them. This leads to the fact that synthesis systems begin as one-off creations meant to answer a specific problem. As the scope of the synthesis system grows to encompass more and more problems, so does its size and complexity; in order for a single synthesis system to answer multiple questions the number of methods and method interface must increase. As a means to curtail the requirement that the increase of an aircraft synthesis systems capability leads to an increase in its size and complexity, this research effort focuses on the idea that each problem in aerospace requires its own analysis framework. By focusing on the creation of a methodology which centers on the matching of an analysis framework towards the problem being solved, the complexity of the analysis framework is decoupled from the complexity of the system that creates it. The derived methodology allows for the composition of complex multi-disciplinary systems (CMDS) through the automatic creation and implementation of system and disciplinary method interfaces. The CMDS Composition process follows a four step methodology meant to take a problem definition and progress towards the creation of an analysis framework meant to answer said problem. The unique implementation of the CMDS Composition process take user selected disciplinary analysis methods and automatically integrates them, together in order to create a syntactically composable analysis framework. As a means of assessing the validity of the CMDS Composition process a prototype system (AVDDBMS) has been developed. AVD DBMS has been used to model the Generic Hypersonic Vehicle (GHV), an open source family of hypersonic vehicles originating from the Air Force Research Laboratory. AVDDBMS has been applied in three different ways in order to assess its validity: Verification using GHV disciplinary data, Validation using selected disciplinary analysis methods, and Application of the CMDS Composition Process to assess the design solution space for the GHV hardware. The research demonstrates the holistic effect that selection of individual disciplinary analysis methods has on the structure and integration of the analysis framework.

Interfaces between statistical analysis packages and the ESRI geographic information system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Masuoka, E.

1980-01-01

Interfaces between ESRI's geographic information system (GIS) data files and real valued data files written to facilitate statistical analysis and display of spatially referenced multivariable data are described. An example of data analysis which utilized the GIS and the statistical analysis system is presented to illustrate the utility of combining the analytic capability of a statistical package with the data management and display features of the GIS.

Tidal analysis and Arrival Process Mining Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

files, organized by location. The data were processed using the Python programming language (van Rossum and Drake 2001), the Pandas data analysis...ER D C/ CH L TR -1 7- 2 Coastal Inlets Research Program Tidal Analysis and Arrival Process Mining Using Automatic Identification System...17-2 January 2017 Tidal Analysis and Arrival Process Mining Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data Brandan M. Scully Coastal and

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix A: Coal gasification catalog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The scope of work in preparing the Coal Gasification Data Catalog included the following subtasks: (1) candidate system subsystem definition, (2) raw materials analysis, (3) market analysis for by-products, (4) alternate products analysis, (5) preliminary integrated facility requirements. Definition of candidate systems/subsystems includes the identity of and alternates for each process unit, raw material requirements, and the cost and design drivers for each process design.

Annual Research Briefs - 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

IACCARINO AND Q. WANG 3 Strain and stress analysis of uncertain engineering systems . D. GHOSH, C. FARHAT AND P. AVERY 17 Separated flow in a three...research in predictive science in complex systems , CTR has strived to maintain a critical mass in numerical analysis , computer science and physics based... analysis for a linear problem: heat conduction The design and analysis of complex engineering systems is challenging not only be- cause of the physical

Robotics/Automated Systems Task Analysis and Description of Required Job Competencies Report. Task Analysis and Description of Required Job Competencies of Robotics/Automated Systems Technicians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hull, Daniel M.; Lovett, James E.

This task analysis report for the Robotics/Automated Systems Technician (RAST) curriculum project first provides a RAST job description. It then discusses the task analysis, including the identification of tasks, the grouping of tasks according to major areas of specialty, and the comparison of the competencies to existing or new courses to…

Integrated Formulation of Beacon-Based Exception Analysis for Multimissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mackey, Ryan; James, Mark; Park, Han; Zak, Mickail

2003-01-01

Further work on beacon-based exception analysis for multimissions (BEAM), a method of real-time, automated diagnosis of a complex electromechanical systems, has greatly expanded its capability and suitability of application. This expanded formulation, which fully integrates physical models and symbolic analysis, is described. The new formulation of BEAM expands upon previous advanced techniques for analysis of signal data, utilizing mathematical modeling of the system physics, and expert-system reasoning,

Systems Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : Quantitative Analysis of Alternative AGT Operational Control Strategies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-10-01

The objectives of the Systems Operation Studies (SOS) for automated guideway transit (AGT) systems are to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate performance and cost, and to establish guidelines for the design and operation...

Aviation System Analysis Capability Quick Response System Report for Fiscal Year 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ege, Russell; Villani, James; Ritter, Paul

1999-01-01

This document presents the additions and modifications made to the Quick Response System (QRS) in FY 1998 in support of the ASAC QRS development effort. this Document builds upon the Aviation System Analysis Capability Quick Responses System Report for Fiscal Year 1997.

Recommendations on the choice of gas analysis equipment for systems of continuous monitoring and accounting of emissions from thermal power plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondrat'eva, O. E.; Roslyakov, P. V.; Burdyukov, D. A.; Khudolei, O. D.; Loktionov, O. A.

2017-10-01

According to Federal Law no. 219-FZ, dated July 21, 2014, all enterprises that have a significant negative impact on the environment shall continuously monitor and account emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. The choice of measuring equipment that is included in continuous emission monitoring and accounting systems (CEM&ASs) is a complex technical problem; in particular, its solution requires a comparative analysis of gas analysis systems; each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the choice of gas analysis systems for CEM&ASs should be maximally objective and not depend on preferences of separate experts and specialists. The technique of choosing gas analysis equipment that was developed in previous years at Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI) has been analyzed and the applicability of the mathematical tool of a multiple criteria analysis to choose measuring equipment for the continuous emission monitoring and accounting system have been estimated. New approaches to the optimal choice of gas analysis equipment for systems of the continuous monitoring and accounting of harmful emissions from thermal power plants have been proposed, new criteria of evaluation of gas analysis systems have been introduced, and weight coefficients have been determined for these criteria. The results of this study served as a basis for the Preliminary National Standard of the Russian Federation "Best Available Technologies. Automated Systems of Continuous Monitoring and Accounting of Emissions of Harmful (Polluting) Substances from Thermal Power Plants into the Atmospheric Air. Basic Requirements," which was developed by the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, National Research University, in cooperation with the Council of Power Producers and Strategic Electric Power Investors Association and the All-Russia Research Institute for Materials and Technology Standardization.

Fault tree analysis for integrated and probabilistic risk analysis of drinking water systems.

PubMed

Lindhe, Andreas; Rosén, Lars; Norberg, Tommy; Bergstedt, Olof

2009-04-01

Drinking water systems are vulnerable and subject to a wide range of risks. To avoid sub-optimisation of risk-reduction options, risk analyses need to include the entire drinking water system, from source to tap. Such an integrated approach demands tools that are able to model interactions between different events. Fault tree analysis is a risk estimation tool with the ability to model interactions between events. Using fault tree analysis on an integrated level, a probabilistic risk analysis of a large drinking water system in Sweden was carried out. The primary aims of the study were: (1) to develop a method for integrated and probabilistic risk analysis of entire drinking water systems; and (2) to evaluate the applicability of Customer Minutes Lost (CML) as a measure of risk. The analysis included situations where no water is delivered to the consumer (quantity failure) and situations where water is delivered but does not comply with water quality standards (quality failure). Hard data as well as expert judgements were used to estimate probabilities of events and uncertainties in the estimates. The calculations were performed using Monte Carlo simulations. CML is shown to be a useful measure of risks associated with drinking water systems. The method presented provides information on risk levels, probabilities of failure, failure rates and downtimes of the system. This information is available for the entire system as well as its different sub-systems. Furthermore, the method enables comparison of the results with performance targets and acceptable levels of risk. The method thus facilitates integrated risk analysis and consequently helps decision-makers to minimise sub-optimisation of risk-reduction options.

IAC - INTEGRATED ANALYSIS CAPABILITY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frisch, H. P.

1994-01-01

The objective of the Integrated Analysis Capability (IAC) system is to provide a highly effective, interactive analysis tool for the integrated design of large structures. With the goal of supporting the unique needs of engineering analysis groups concerned with interdisciplinary problems, IAC was developed to interface programs from the fields of structures, thermodynamics, controls, and system dynamics with an executive system and database to yield a highly efficient multi-disciplinary system. Special attention is given to user requirements such as data handling and on-line assistance with operational features, and the ability to add new modules of the user's choice at a future date. IAC contains an executive system, a data base, general utilities, interfaces to various engineering programs, and a framework for building interfaces to other programs. IAC has shown itself to be effective in automatic data transfer among analysis programs. IAC 2.5, designed to be compatible as far as possible with Level 1.5, contains a major upgrade in executive and database management system capabilities, and includes interfaces to enable thermal, structures, optics, and control interaction dynamics analysis. The IAC system architecture is modular in design. 1) The executive module contains an input command processor, an extensive data management system, and driver code to execute the application modules. 2) Technical modules provide standalone computational capability as well as support for various solution paths or coupled analyses. 3) Graphics and model generation interfaces are supplied for building and viewing models. Advanced graphics capabilities are provided within particular analysis modules such as INCA and NASTRAN. 4) Interface modules provide for the required data flow between IAC and other modules. 5) User modules can be arbitrary executable programs or JCL procedures with no pre-defined relationship to IAC. 6) Special purpose modules are included, such as MIMIC (Model Integration via Mesh Interpolation Coefficients), which transforms field values from one model to another; LINK, which simplifies incorporation of user specific modules into IAC modules; and DATAPAC, the National Bureau of Standards statistical analysis package. The IAC database contains structured files which provide a common basis for communication between modules and the executive system, and can contain unstructured files such as NASTRAN checkpoint files, DISCOS plot files, object code, etc. The user can define groups of data and relations between them. A full data manipulation and query system operates with the database. The current interface modules comprise five groups: 1) Structural analysis - IAC contains a NASTRAN interface for standalone analysis or certain structural/control/thermal combinations. IAC provides enhanced structural capabilities for normal modes and static deformation analysis via special DMAP sequences. IAC 2.5 contains several specialized interfaces from NASTRAN in support of multidisciplinary analysis. 2) Thermal analysis - IAC supports finite element and finite difference techniques for steady state or transient analysis. There are interfaces for the NASTRAN thermal analyzer, SINDA/SINFLO, and TRASYS II. FEMNET, which converts finite element structural analysis models to finite difference thermal analysis models, is also interfaced with the IAC database. 3) System dynamics - The DISCOS simulation program which allows for either nonlinear time domain analysis or linear frequency domain analysis, is fully interfaced to the IAC database management capability. 4) Control analysis - Interfaces for the ORACLS, SAMSAN, NBOD2, and INCA programs allow a wide range of control system analyses and synthesis techniques. Level 2.5 includes EIGEN, which provides tools for large order system eigenanalysis, and BOPACE, which allows for geometric capabilities and finite element analysis with nonlinear material. Also included in IAC level 2.5 is SAMSAN 3.1, an engineering analysis program which contains a general purpose library of over 600 subroutin

Development of Safety Analysis Code System of Beam Transport and Core for Accelerator Driven System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aizawa, Naoto; Iwasaki, Tomohiko

2014-06-01

Safety analysis code system of beam transport and core for accelerator driven system (ADS) is developed for the analyses of beam transients such as the change of the shape and position of incident beam. The code system consists of the beam transport analysis part and the core analysis part. TRACE 3-D is employed in the beam transport analysis part, and the shape and incident position of beam at the target are calculated. In the core analysis part, the neutronics, thermo-hydraulics and cladding failure analyses are performed by the use of ADS dynamic calculation code ADSE on the basis of the external source database calculated by PHITS and the cross section database calculated by SRAC, and the programs of the cladding failure analysis for thermoelastic and creep. By the use of the code system, beam transient analyses are performed for the ADS proposed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency. As a result, the rapid increase of the cladding temperature happens and the plastic deformation is caused in several seconds. In addition, the cladding is evaluated to be failed by creep within a hundred seconds. These results have shown that the beam transients have caused a cladding failure.

Risk Analysis Methods for Deepwater Port Oil Transfer Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-06-01

This report deals with the risk analysis methodology for oil spills from the oil transfer systems in deepwater ports. Failure mode and effect analysis in combination with fault tree analysis are identified as the methods best suited for the assessmen...

Computing Lives And Reliabilities Of Turboprop Transmissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coy, J. J.; Savage, M.; Radil, K. C.; Lewicki, D. G.

1991-01-01

Computer program PSHFT calculates lifetimes of variety of aircraft transmissions. Consists of main program, series of subroutines applying to specific configurations, generic subroutines for analysis of properties of components, subroutines for analysis of system, and common block. Main program selects routines used in analysis and causes them to operate in desired sequence. Series of configuration-specific subroutines put in configuration data, perform force and life analyses for components (with help of generic component-property-analysis subroutines), fill property array, call up system-analysis routines, and finally print out results of analysis for system and components. Written in FORTRAN 77(IV).

Elimination of ``memory`` from sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer

DOEpatents

Chastgner, P.

1991-05-08

This paper describes a method for preparing the sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer for analysis of a subsequent sample following analysis of a previous sample comprising the flushing of the system interior with supercritical CO{sub 2} and venting the interior. The method eliminates the effect of system ``memory`` on the subsequent analysis, especially following persistent samples such as xenon and krypton.

Analysis And Control System For Automated Welding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, Bradley W.; Burroughs, Ivan A.; Kennedy, Larry Z.; Rodgers, Michael H.; Goode, K. Wayne

1994-01-01

Automated variable-polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding apparatus operates under electronic supervision by welding analysis and control system. System performs all major monitoring and controlling functions. It acquires, analyzes, and displays weld-quality data in real time and adjusts process parameters accordingly. Also records pertinent data for use in post-weld analysis and documentation of quality. System includes optoelectronic sensors and data processors that provide feedback control of welding process.

Optimal Regulation of Structural Systems with Uncertain Parameters.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-02

been addressed, in part, by Statistical Energy Analysis . Moti- vated by a concern with high frequency vibration and acoustical- structural...Parameter Systems," AFOSR-TR-79-0753 (May, 1979). 25. R. H. Lyon, Statistical Energy Analysis of Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications, (M.I.T...Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1975). 26. E. E. Ungar, " Statistical Energy Analysis of Vibrating Systems," Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Ind. 89, 626 (1967). 139 27

More than meets the eye: Using cognitive work analysis to identify design requirements for future rail level crossing systems.

PubMed

Salmon, Paul M; Lenné, Michael G; Read, Gemma J M; Mulvihill, Christine M; Cornelissen, Miranda; Walker, Guy H; Young, Kristie L; Stevens, Nicholas; Stanton, Neville A

2016-03-01

An increasing intensity of operations means that the longstanding safety issue of rail level crossings is likely to become worse in the transport systems of the future. It has been suggested that the failure to prevent collisions may be, in part, due to a lack of systems thinking during design, crash analysis, and countermeasure development. This paper presents a systems analysis of current active rail level crossing systems in Victoria, Australia that was undertaken to identify design requirements to improve safety in future rail level crossing environments. Cognitive work analysis was used to analyse rail level crossing systems using data derived from a range of activities. Overall the analysis identified a range of instances where modification or redesign in line with systems thinking could potentially improve behaviour and safety. A notable finding is that there are opportunities for redesign outside of the physical rail level crossing infrastructure, including improved data systems, in-vehicle warnings and modifications to design processes, standards and guidelines. The implications for future rail level crossing systems are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Stability Analysis of Linear Time-varying Systems via an Extended Modal Identification Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Zhisai; Liu, Li; Zhou, Sida; Naets, Frank; Heylen, Ward; Desmet, Wim

2017-03-01

The problem of linear time-varying(LTV) system modal analysis is considered based on time-dependent state space representations, as classical modal analysis of linear time-invariant systems and current LTV system modal analysis under the "frozen-time" assumption are not able to determine the dynamic stability of LTV systems. Time-dependent state space representations of LTV systems are first introduced, and the corresponding modal analysis theories are subsequently presented via a stability-preserving state transformation. The time-varying modes of LTV systems are extended in terms of uniqueness, and are further interpreted to determine the system's stability. An extended modal identification is proposed to estimate the time-varying modes, consisting of the estimation of the state transition matrix via a subspace-based method and the extraction of the time-varying modes by the QR decomposition. The proposed approach is numerically validated by three numerical cases, and is experimentally validated by a coupled moving-mass simply supported beam experimental case. The proposed approach is capable of accurately estimating the time-varying modes, and provides a new way to determine the dynamic stability of LTV systems by using the estimated time-varying modes.

User's guide for the Skylab integrated medical data analysis system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grounds, D. J.; Archer, G. T.; Marks, V. J.

1975-01-01

Capabilities of the Skylab Integrated Medical Data Analysis System (SIMDAS) are described and illustrated. User's instructions are also given for the operation of this system on the UNIVAC 1100 Series Demand System at the Johnson Space Center.

L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communications System Engineering - Initial Safety and Security Risk Assessment and Mitigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zelkin, Natalie; Henriksen, Stephen

2011-01-01

This document is being provided as part of ITT's NASA Glenn Research Center Aerospace Communication Systems Technical Support (ACSTS) contract NNC05CA85C, Task 7: "New ATM Requirements--Future Communications, C-Band and L-Band Communications Standard Development." ITT has completed a safety hazard analysis providing a preliminary safety assessment for the proposed L-band (960 to 1164 MHz) terrestrial en route communications system. The assessment was performed following the guidelines outlined in the Federal Aviation Administration Safety Risk Management Guidance for System Acquisitions document. The safety analysis did not identify any hazards with an unacceptable risk, though a number of hazards with a medium risk were documented. This effort represents a preliminary safety hazard analysis and notes the triggers for risk reassessment. A detailed safety hazards analysis is recommended as a follow-on activity to assess particular components of the L-band communication system after the technology is chosen and system rollout timing is determined. The security risk analysis resulted in identifying main security threats to the proposed system as well as noting additional threats recommended for a future security analysis conducted at a later stage in the system development process. The document discusses various security controls, including those suggested in the COCR Version 2.0.

A Model for Communications Satellite System Architecture Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

This is shown in Equation 4. The total system cost includes all development, acquisition, fielding, operations, maintenance and upgrades, and system...protection. A mathematical model was implemented to enable the analysis of communications satellite system architectures based on multiple system... implemented to enable the analysis of communications satellite system architectures based on multiple system attributes. Utilization of the model in

Social Network Analysis as a Methodological Approach to Explore Health Systems: A Case Study Exploring Support among Senior Managers/Executives in a Hospital Network.

PubMed

De Brún, Aoife; McAuliffe, Eilish

2018-03-13

Health systems research recognizes the complexity of healthcare, and the interacting and interdependent nature of components of a health system. To better understand such systems, innovative methods are required to depict and analyze their structures. This paper describes social network analysis as a methodology to depict, diagnose, and evaluate health systems and networks therein. Social network analysis is a set of techniques to map, measure, and analyze social relationships between people, teams, and organizations. Through use of a case study exploring support relationships among senior managers in a newly established hospital group, this paper illustrates some of the commonly used network- and node-level metrics in social network analysis, and demonstrates the value of these maps and metrics to understand systems. Network analysis offers a valuable approach to health systems and services researchers as it offers a means to depict activity relevant to network questions of interest, to identify opinion leaders, influencers, clusters in the network, and those individuals serving as bridgers across clusters. The strengths and limitations inherent in the method are discussed, and the applications of social network analysis in health services research are explored.

TADS: A CFD-based turbomachinery and analysis design system with GUI. Volume 1: Method and results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Topp, D. A.; Myers, R. A.; Delaney, R. A.

1995-01-01

The primary objective of this study was the development of a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based turbomachinery airfoil analysis and design system, controlled by a GUI (Graphical User Interface). The computer codes resulting from this effort are referred to as TADS (Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System). This document is the Final Report describing the theoretical basis and analytical results from the TADS system, developed under Task 18 of NASA Contract NAS3-25950, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI. TADS couples a throughflow solver (ADPAC) with a quasi-3D blade-to-blade solver (RVCQ3D) in an interactive package. Throughflow analysis capability was developed in ADPAC through the addition of blade force and blockage terms to the governing equations. A GUI was developed to simplify user input and automate the many tasks required to perform turbomachinery analysis and design. The coupling of the various programs was done in such a way that alternative solvers or grid generators could be easily incorporated into the TADS framework. Results of aerodynamic calculations using the TADS system are presented for a highly loaded fan, a compressor stator, a low speed turbine blade and a transonic turbine vane.

Appliance of Independent Component Analysis to System Intrusion Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, Yoshikazu; Takagi, Tarou; Nakai, Kouji

In order to analyze the output of the intrusion detection system and the firewall, we evaluated the applicability of ICA(independent component analysis). We developed a simulator for evaluation of intrusion analysis method. The simulator consists of the network model of an information system, the service model and the vulnerability model of each server, and the action model performed on client and intruder. We applied the ICA for analyzing the audit trail of simulated information system. We report the evaluation result of the ICA on intrusion analysis. In the simulated case, ICA separated two attacks correctly, and related an attack and the abnormalities of the normal application produced under the influence of the attach.

Using integrated models to minimize environmentally induced wavefront error in optomechanical design and analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Genberg, Victor L.; Michels, Gregory J.

2017-08-01

The ultimate design goal of an optical system subjected to dynamic loads is to minimize system level wavefront error (WFE). In random response analysis, system WFE is difficult to predict from finite element results due to the loss of phase information. In the past, the use of ystem WFE was limited by the difficulty of obtaining a linear optics model. In this paper, an automated method for determining system level WFE using a linear optics model is presented. An error estimate is included in the analysis output based on fitting errors of mode shapes. The technique is demonstrated by example with SigFit, a commercially available tool integrating mechanical analysis with optical analysis.

14 CFR 25.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... on the hydraulic system(s), and/or subsystem(s) and elements, except that analysis may be used in place of or to supplement testing, where the analysis is shown to be reliable and appropriate. All... system(s), subsystem(s), or element(s) must be subjected to performance, fatigue, and endurance tests...

14 CFR 25.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... on the hydraulic system(s), and/or subsystem(s) and elements, except that analysis may be used in place of or to supplement testing, where the analysis is shown to be reliable and appropriate. All... system(s), subsystem(s), or element(s) must be subjected to performance, fatigue, and endurance tests...

14 CFR 25.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... on the hydraulic system(s), and/or subsystem(s) and elements, except that analysis may be used in place of or to supplement testing, where the analysis is shown to be reliable and appropriate. All... system(s), subsystem(s), or element(s) must be subjected to performance, fatigue, and endurance tests...

14 CFR 25.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... on the hydraulic system(s), and/or subsystem(s) and elements, except that analysis may be used in place of or to supplement testing, where the analysis is shown to be reliable and appropriate. All... system(s), subsystem(s), or element(s) must be subjected to performance, fatigue, and endurance tests...

Cybertran : a systems analysis solution to the high cost and low passenger appeal of conventional rail transportation systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This paper will first describe the CyberTran system, and then describe the systems analysis process relative to capital costs that led to the particular vehicle size and system configuration. Following this will be a discussion on the particular aspe...

Integrated exhaust gas analysis system for aircraft turbine engine component testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, R. L.; Anderson, R. C.

1985-01-01

An integrated exhaust gas analysis system was designed and installed in the hot-section facility at the Lewis Research Center. The system is designed to operate either manually or automatically and also to be operated from a remote station. The system measures oxygen, water vapor, total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. Two microprocessors control the system and the analyzers, collect data and process them into engineering units, and present the data to the facility computers and the system operator. Within the design of this system there are innovative concepts and procedures that are of general interest and application to other gas analysis tasks.

Evaluation of Contamination Inspection and Analysis Methods through Modeling System Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seasly, Elaine; Dever, Jason; Stuban, Steven M. F.

2016-01-01

Contamination is usually identified as a risk on the risk register for sensitive space systems hardware. Despite detailed, time-consuming, and costly contamination control efforts during assembly, integration, and test of space systems, contaminants are still found during visual inspections of hardware. Improved methods are needed to gather information during systems integration to catch potential contamination issues earlier and manage contamination risks better. This research explores evaluation of contamination inspection and analysis methods to determine optical system sensitivity to minimum detectable molecular contamination levels based on IEST-STD-CC1246E non-volatile residue (NVR) cleanliness levels. Potential future degradation of the system is modeled given chosen modules representative of optical elements in an optical system, minimum detectable molecular contamination levels for a chosen inspection and analysis method, and determining the effect of contamination on the system. By modeling system performance based on when molecular contamination is detected during systems integration and at what cleanliness level, the decision maker can perform trades amongst different inspection and analysis methods and determine if a planned method is adequate to meet system requirements and manage contamination risk.

Reliability analysis in interdependent smart grid systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Hao; Kan, Zhe; Zhao, Dandan; Han, Jianmin; Lu, Jianfeng; Hu, Zhaolong

2018-06-01

Complex network theory is a useful way to study many real complex systems. In this paper, a reliability analysis model based on complex network theory is introduced in interdependent smart grid systems. In this paper, we focus on understanding the structure of smart grid systems and studying the underlying network model, their interactions, and relationships and how cascading failures occur in the interdependent smart grid systems. We propose a practical model for interdependent smart grid systems using complex theory. Besides, based on percolation theory, we also study the effect of cascading failures effect and reveal detailed mathematical analysis of failure propagation in such systems. We analyze the reliability of our proposed model caused by random attacks or failures by calculating the size of giant functioning components in interdependent smart grid systems. Our simulation results also show that there exists a threshold for the proportion of faulty nodes, beyond which the smart grid systems collapse. Also we determine the critical values for different system parameters. In this way, the reliability analysis model based on complex network theory can be effectively utilized for anti-attack and protection purposes in interdependent smart grid systems.

78 FR 64029 - Cost-Benefit Analysis for Radwaste Systems for Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2013-0237] Cost-Benefit Analysis for Radwaste Systems for Light... (RG) 1.110, ``Cost-Benefit Analysis for Radwaste Systems for Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactors... components for light water nuclear power reactors. ADDRESSES: Please refer to Docket ID NRC-2013-0237 when...

Teaching Case: Analysis of an Electronic Voting System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Nik; Toohey, Danny

2014-01-01

This teaching case discusses the analysis of an electronic voting system. The development of the case was motivated by research into information security and management, but as it includes procedural aspects, organizational structure and personnel, it is a suitable basis for all aspects of systems analysis, planning and design tasks. The material…

State Analysis: A Control Architecture View of Systems Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rasmussen, Robert D.

2005-01-01

A viewgraph presentation on the state analysis process is shown. The topics include: 1) Issues with growing complexity; 2) Limits of common practice; 3) Exploiting a control point of view; 4) A glimpse at the State Analysis process; 5) Synergy with model-based systems engineering; and 6) Bridging the systems to software gap.

Economic and Power System Modeling and Analysis | Water Power | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Economic and Power System Modeling and Analysis Economic and Power System Modeling and Analysis technologies, their possible deployment scenarios, and the economic impacts of this deployment. As a research approaches used to estimate direct and indirect economic impacts of offshore renewable energy projects

76 FR 76215 - Privacy Act; System of Records: State-78, Risk Analysis and Management Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

... network. Vetting requests, analyses, and results will be stored separately on a classified computer... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 7709] Privacy Act; System of Records: State-78, Risk Analysis... a system of records, Risk Analysis and Management Records, State-78, pursuant to the provisions of...

Portable system for auscultation and lung sound analysis.

PubMed

Nabiev, Rustam; Glazova, Anna; Olyinik, Valery; Makarenkova, Anastasiia; Makarenkov, Anatolii; Rakhimov, Abdulvosid; Felländer-Tsai, Li

2014-01-01

A portable system for auscultation and lung sound analysis has been developed, including the original electronic stethoscope coupled with mobile devices and special algorithms for the automated analysis of pulmonary sound signals. It's planned that the developed system will be used for monitoring of health status of patients with various pulmonary diseases.

Modeling and Analysis of Power Processing Systems. [use of a digital computer for designing power plants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fegley, K. A.; Hayden, J. H.; Rehmann, D. W.

1974-01-01

The feasibility of formulating a methodology for the modeling and analysis of aerospace electrical power processing systems is investigated. It is shown that a digital computer may be used in an interactive mode for the design, modeling, analysis, and comparison of power processing systems.

BATSE spectroscopy analysis system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaefer, Bradley E.; Bansal, Sandhia; Basu, Anju; Brisco, Phil; Cline, Thomas L.; Friend, Elliott; Laubenthal, Nancy; Panduranga, E. S.; Parkar, Nuru; Rust, Brad

1992-01-01

The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Spectroscopy Analysis System (BSAS) is the software system which is the primary tool for the analysis of spectral data from BATSE. As such, Guest Investigators and the community as a whole need to know its basic properties and characteristics. Described here are the characteristics of the BATSE spectroscopy detectors and the BSAS.

VIC: A Computer Analysis of Verbal Interaction Category Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kline, John A.; And Others

VIC is a computer program for the analysis of verbal interaction category systems, especially the Flanders interaction analysis system. The observer codes verbal behavior on coding sheets for later machine scoring. A matrix is produced by the program showing the number and percentages of times that a particular cell describes classroom behavior.…

Combining analysis with optimization at Langley Research Center. An evolutionary process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, J. L., Jr.

1982-01-01

The evolutionary process of combining analysis and optimization codes was traced with a view toward providing insight into the long term goal of developing the methodology for an integrated, multidisciplinary software system for the concurrent analysis and optimization of aerospace structures. It was traced along the lines of strength sizing, concurrent strength and flutter sizing, and general optimization to define a near-term goal for combining analysis and optimization codes. Development of a modular software system combining general-purpose, state-of-the-art, production-level analysis computer programs for structures, aerodynamics, and aeroelasticity with a state-of-the-art optimization program is required. Incorporation of a modular and flexible structural optimization software system into a state-of-the-art finite element analysis computer program will facilitate this effort. This effort results in the software system used that is controlled with a special-purpose language, communicates with a data management system, and is easily modified for adding new programs and capabilities. A 337 degree-of-freedom finite element model is used in verifying the accuracy of this system.

Time-dependent inertia analysis of vehicle mechanisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salmon, James Lee

Two methods for performing transient inertia analysis of vehicle hardware systems are developed in this dissertation. The analysis techniques can be used to predict the response of vehicle mechanism systems to the accelerations associated with vehicle impacts. General analytical methods for evaluating translational or rotational system dynamics are generated and evaluated for various system characteristics. The utility of the derived techniques are demonstrated by applying the generalized methods to two vehicle systems. Time dependent acceleration measured during a vehicle to vehicle impact are used as input to perform a dynamic analysis of an automobile liftgate latch and outside door handle. Generalized Lagrange equations for a non-conservative system are used to formulate a second order nonlinear differential equation defining the response of the components to the transient input. The differential equation is solved by employing the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The events are then analyzed using commercially available two dimensional rigid body dynamic analysis software. The results of the two analytical techniques are compared to experimental data generated by high speed film analysis of tests of the two components performed on a high G acceleration sled at Ford Motor Company.

Analysis technique for controlling system wavefront error with active/adaptive optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Genberg, Victor L.; Michels, Gregory J.

2017-08-01

The ultimate goal of an active mirror system is to control system level wavefront error (WFE). In the past, the use of this technique was limited by the difficulty of obtaining a linear optics model. In this paper, an automated method for controlling system level WFE using a linear optics model is presented. An error estimate is included in the analysis output for both surface error disturbance fitting and actuator influence function fitting. To control adaptive optics, the technique has been extended to write system WFE in state space matrix form. The technique is demonstrated by example with SigFit, a commercially available tool integrating mechanical analysis with optical analysis.

Applying reliability analysis to design electric power systems for More-electric aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Baozhu

The More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) is a type of aircraft that replaces conventional hydraulic and pneumatic systems with electrically powered components. These changes have significantly challenged the aircraft electric power system design. This thesis investigates how reliability analysis can be applied to automatically generate system topologies for the MEA electric power system. We first use a traditional method of reliability block diagrams to analyze the reliability level on different system topologies. We next propose a new methodology in which system topologies, constrained by a set reliability level, are automatically generated. The path-set method is used for analysis. Finally, we interface these sets of system topologies with control synthesis tools to automatically create correct-by-construction control logic for the electric power system.

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis Applied to an Offshore Supply Vessel Dynamic Positioning System

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

additional safety issues that were either not identified or inadequately mitigated through the use of Fault Tree Analysis and Failure Modes and...Techniques ...................................................................................................... 15 1.3.1. Fault Tree Analysis...49 3.2. Fault Tree Analysis Comparison

Integrated verification and testing system (IVTS) for HAL/S programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Senn, E. H.; Ames, K. R.; Smith, K. A.

1983-01-01

The IVTS is a large software system designed to support user-controlled verification analysis and testing activities for programs written in the HAL/S language. The system is composed of a user interface and user command language, analysis tools and an organized data base of host system files. The analysis tools are of four major types: (1) static analysis, (2) symbolic execution, (3) dynamic analysis (testing), and (4) documentation enhancement. The IVTS requires a split HAL/S compiler, divided at the natural separation point between the parser/lexical analyzer phase and the target machine code generator phase. The IVTS uses the internal program form (HALMAT) between these two phases as primary input for the analysis tools. The dynamic analysis component requires some way to 'execute' the object HAL/S program. The execution medium may be an interpretive simulation or an actual host or target machine.

Systems Analysis in Small Educational Systems: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vazquez-Abad, Jesus; And Others

1982-01-01

The use of systems analysis in transforming a graduate program in educational technology from a lecture-based system to a self-instructional one is described. Several operational research techniques are illustrated. A bibliography of 10 items is included. (CHC)

Performance analysis of the ascent propulsion system of the Apollo spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooper, J. C., III

1973-01-01

Activities involved in the performance analysis of the Apollo lunar module ascent propulsion system are discussed. A description of the ascent propulsion system, including hardware, instrumentation, and system characteristics, is included. The methods used to predict the inflight performance and to establish performance uncertainties of the ascent propulsion system are discussed. The techniques of processing the telemetered flight data and performing postflight performance reconstruction to determine actual inflight performance are discussed. Problems that have been encountered and results from the analysis of the ascent propulsion system performance during the Apollo 9, 10, and 11 missions are presented.

Analysis and design of algorithm-based fault-tolerant systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nair, V. S. Sukumaran

1990-01-01

An important consideration in the design of high performance multiprocessor systems is to ensure the correctness of the results computed in the presence of transient and intermittent failures. Concurrent error detection and correction have been applied to such systems in order to achieve reliability. Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) was suggested as a cost-effective concurrent error detection scheme. The research was motivated by the complexity involved in the analysis and design of ABFT systems. To that end, a matrix-based model was developed and, based on that, algorithms for both the design and analysis of ABFT systems are formulated. These algorithms are less complex than the existing ones. In order to reduce the complexity further, a hierarchical approach is developed for the analysis of large systems.

System Risk Assessment and Allocation in Conceptual Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mahadevan, Sankaran; Smith, Natasha L.; Zang, Thomas A. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

As aerospace systems continue to evolve in addressing newer challenges in air and space transportation, there exists a heightened priority for significant improvement in system performance, cost effectiveness, reliability, and safety. Tools, which synthesize multidisciplinary integration, probabilistic analysis, and optimization, are needed to facilitate design decisions allowing trade-offs between cost and reliability. This study investigates tools for probabilistic analysis and probabilistic optimization in the multidisciplinary design of aerospace systems. A probabilistic optimization methodology is demonstrated for the low-fidelity design of a reusable launch vehicle at two levels, a global geometry design and a local tank design. Probabilistic analysis is performed on a high fidelity analysis of a Navy missile system. Furthermore, decoupling strategies are introduced to reduce the computational effort required for multidisciplinary systems with feedback coupling.

[Model-based biofuels system analysis: a review].

PubMed

Chang, Shiyan; Zhang, Xiliang; Zhao, Lili; Ou, Xunmin

2011-03-01

Model-based system analysis is an important tool for evaluating the potential and impacts of biofuels, and for drafting biofuels technology roadmaps and targets. The broad reach of the biofuels supply chain requires that biofuels system analyses span a range of disciplines, including agriculture/forestry, energy, economics, and the environment. Here we reviewed various models developed for or applied to modeling biofuels, and presented a critical analysis of Agriculture/Forestry System Models, Energy System Models, Integrated Assessment Models, Micro-level Cost, Energy and Emission Calculation Models, and Specific Macro-level Biofuel Models. We focused on the models' strengths, weaknesses, and applicability, facilitating the selection of a suitable type of model for specific issues. Such an analysis was a prerequisite for future biofuels system modeling, and represented a valuable resource for researchers and policy makers.

Expert system for web based collaborative CAE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Liang; Lin, Zusheng

2006-11-01

An expert system for web based collaborative CAE was developed based on knowledge engineering, relational database and commercial FEA (Finite element analysis) software. The architecture of the system was illustrated. In this system, the experts' experiences, theories and typical examples and other related knowledge, which will be used in the stage of pre-process in FEA, were categorized into analysis process and object knowledge. Then, the integrated knowledge model based on object-oriented method and rule based method was described. The integrated reasoning process based on CBR (case based reasoning) and rule based reasoning was presented. Finally, the analysis process of this expert system in web based CAE application was illustrated, and an analysis example of a machine tool's column was illustrated to prove the validity of the system.

Design of Launch Vehicle Flight Control Systems Using Ascent Vehicle Stability Analysis Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jang, Jiann-Woei; Alaniz, Abran; Hall, Robert; Bedossian, Nazareth; Hall, Charles; Jackson, Mark

2011-01-01

A launch vehicle represents a complicated flex-body structural environment for flight control system design. The Ascent-vehicle Stability Analysis Tool (ASAT) is developed to address the complicity in design and analysis of a launch vehicle. The design objective for the flight control system of a launch vehicle is to best follow guidance commands while robustly maintaining system stability. A constrained optimization approach takes the advantage of modern computational control techniques to simultaneously design multiple control systems in compliance with required design specs. "Tower Clearance" and "Load Relief" designs have been achieved for liftoff and max dynamic pressure flight regions, respectively, in the presence of large wind disturbances. The robustness of the flight control system designs has been verified in the frequency domain Monte Carlo analysis using ASAT.

Dynamic decision-making for reliability and maintenance analysis of manufacturing systems based on failure effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Ding; Zhang, Yingjie

2017-09-01

A framework for reliability and maintenance analysis of job shop manufacturing systems is proposed in this paper. An efficient preventive maintenance (PM) policy in terms of failure effects analysis (FEA) is proposed. Subsequently, reliability evaluation and component importance measure based on FEA are performed under the PM policy. A job shop manufacturing system is applied to validate the reliability evaluation and dynamic maintenance policy. Obtained results are compared with existed methods and the effectiveness is validated. Some vague understandings for issues such as network modelling, vulnerabilities identification, the evaluation criteria of repairable systems, as well as PM policy during manufacturing system reliability analysis are elaborated. This framework can help for reliability optimisation and rational maintenance resources allocation of job shop manufacturing systems.

Multidisciplinary System Reliability Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mahadevan, Sankaran; Han, Song; Chamis, Christos C. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The objective of this study is to develop a new methodology for estimating the reliability of engineering systems that encompass multiple disciplines. The methodology is formulated in the context of the NESSUS probabilistic structural analysis code, developed under the leadership of NASA Glenn Research Center. The NESSUS code has been successfully applied to the reliability estimation of a variety of structural engineering systems. This study examines whether the features of NESSUS could be used to investigate the reliability of systems in other disciplines such as heat transfer, fluid mechanics, electrical circuits etc., without considerable programming effort specific to each discipline. In this study, the mechanical equivalence between system behavior models in different disciplines are investigated to achieve this objective. A new methodology is presented for the analysis of heat transfer, fluid flow, and electrical circuit problems using the structural analysis routines within NESSUS, by utilizing the equivalence between the computational quantities in different disciplines. This technique is integrated with the fast probability integration and system reliability techniques within the NESSUS code, to successfully compute the system reliability of multidisciplinary systems. Traditional as well as progressive failure analysis methods for system reliability estimation are demonstrated, through a numerical example of a heat exchanger system involving failure modes in structural, heat transfer and fluid flow disciplines.

Multi-Disciplinary System Reliability Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mahadevan, Sankaran; Han, Song

1997-01-01

The objective of this study is to develop a new methodology for estimating the reliability of engineering systems that encompass multiple disciplines. The methodology is formulated in the context of the NESSUS probabilistic structural analysis code developed under the leadership of NASA Lewis Research Center. The NESSUS code has been successfully applied to the reliability estimation of a variety of structural engineering systems. This study examines whether the features of NESSUS could be used to investigate the reliability of systems in other disciplines such as heat transfer, fluid mechanics, electrical circuits etc., without considerable programming effort specific to each discipline. In this study, the mechanical equivalence between system behavior models in different disciplines are investigated to achieve this objective. A new methodology is presented for the analysis of heat transfer, fluid flow, and electrical circuit problems using the structural analysis routines within NESSUS, by utilizing the equivalence between the computational quantities in different disciplines. This technique is integrated with the fast probability integration and system reliability techniques within the NESSUS code, to successfully compute the system reliability of multi-disciplinary systems. Traditional as well as progressive failure analysis methods for system reliability estimation are demonstrated, through a numerical example of a heat exchanger system involving failure modes in structural, heat transfer and fluid flow disciplines.

IDEAS: A multidisciplinary computer-aided conceptual design system for spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferebee, M. J., Jr.

1984-01-01

During the conceptual development of advanced aerospace vehicles, many compromises must be considered to balance economy and performance of the total system. Subsystem tradeoffs may need to be made in order to satisfy system-sensitive attributes. Due to the increasingly complex nature of aerospace systems, these trade studies have become more difficult and time-consuming to complete and involve interactions of ever-larger numbers of subsystems, components, and performance parameters. The current advances of computer-aided synthesis, modeling and analysis techniques have greatly helped in the evaluation of competing design concepts. Langley Research Center's Space Systems Division is currently engaged in trade studies for a variety of systems which include advanced ground-launched space transportation systems, space-based orbital transfer vehicles, large space antenna concepts and space stations. The need for engineering analysis tools to aid in the rapid synthesis and evaluation of spacecraft has led to the development of the Interactive Design and Evaluation of Advanced Spacecraft (IDEAS) computer-aided design system. The ADEAS system has been used to perform trade studies of competing technologies and requirements in order to pinpoint possible beneficial areas for research and development. IDEAS is presented as a multidisciplinary tool for the analysis of advanced space systems. Capabilities range from model generation and structural and thermal analysis to subsystem synthesis and performance analysis.

Analysis of Implicit Uncertain Systems. Part 1: Theoretical Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-12-07

Analysis of Implicit Uncertain Systems Part I: Theoretical Framework Fernando Paganini * John Doyle 1 December 7, 1994 Abst rac t This paper...Analysis of Implicit Uncertain Systems Part I: Theoretical Framework 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S...model and a number of constraints relevant to the analysis problem under consideration. In Part I of this paper we propose a theoretical framework which

Development of Real-Time Image and In Situ Data Analysis at Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-16

for continuous capture from multiple satellites. The Blackhole System is the analysis machine used either by researchers to process/analyze their...Orbital Tracker and the antenna subsystem was overhauled. THE BLACKHOLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM A new HP9000/350 workstation was installed at SSOC to perform...L 4)L Scripps Satellite Oceanography Center Blackhole System Diagram (Analysis Machine) HP 350 Workstation Motorola 68020 CPU 2 - 512 MB hard disks

Behavioral and Organizational Considerations in the Design of Information Systems and Processes for Planning and Decision Support,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

analysis and display capability provided by management information systems to include interpretation and aggregation of information and values such as...accomplishment of these) 2. analysis of the issue d) systems analysis and modeling (determination of the structure of the decision situation, the...existingltrtie2) Surveying lsata i situation’ alternatives I altraivDsad Is this alternative -" altrnav acceptable? ANALYSIS o NOYES SHave a sufficient

Bundle Adjustment-Based Stability Analysis Method with a Case Study of a Dual Fluoroscopy Imaging System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Durgham, K.; Lichti, D. D.; Detchev, I.; Kuntze, G.; Ronsky, J. L.

2018-05-01

A fundamental task in photogrammetry is the temporal stability analysis of a camera/imaging-system's calibration parameters. This is essential to validate the repeatability of the parameters' estimation, to detect any behavioural changes in the camera/imaging system and to ensure precise photogrammetric products. Many stability analysis methods exist in the photogrammetric literature; each one has different methodological bases, and advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a simple and rigorous stability analysis method that can be straightforwardly implemented for a single camera or an imaging system with multiple cameras. The basic collinearity model is used to capture differences between two calibration datasets, and to establish the stability analysis methodology. Geometric simulation is used as a tool to derive image and object space scenarios. Experiments were performed on real calibration datasets from a dual fluoroscopy (DF; X-ray-based) imaging system. The calibration data consisted of hundreds of images and thousands of image observations from six temporal points over a two-day period for a precise evaluation of the DF system stability. The stability of the DF system - for a single camera analysis - was found to be within a range of 0.01 to 0.66 mm in terms of 3D coordinates root-mean-square-error (RMSE), and 0.07 to 0.19 mm for dual cameras analysis. It is to the authors' best knowledge that this work is the first to address the topic of DF stability analysis.

Proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Study Institute on Computer Aided Analysis of Rigid and Flexible Mechanical Systems. Volume 1: Main lectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Manuel S.; Ambrosio, Jorge A. C.

1993-07-01

During the last few years, major scientific progress has been achieved in fields related to computer aided analysis of multibody systems. In view of this progress and recent developments of computer hardware and general purpose software, there is a need to access the current state of art and results from different schools of thought, with the objective of focussing trends in future research. Going back to 1983 when an important NATO-NSF-ARO Advanced Study Institute on Computer Aided Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical Systems was held at the University of Iowa, one may notice that less then 10 years ago the state of art was mainly dwelling on rigid body dynamics. The interest in the dynamic simulation of mechanical systems has steadily increased in recent years coming mainly from the aerospace and automative industries. The development of multibody system analysis formulations have been more recently motivated with the need to include several features such as: real-time simulation capabilities, highly non-linear control devices, work space path planing, active control of machine flexibilities and reliability and accuracy in the analysis results. The need for accurate and efficient analysis tools for design of large and lightweight mechanical systems has driven many research groups in the challenging problem of flexible systems with an increasing interaction with finite element methodologies. Basic approaches to mechanical systems dynamic analysis have recently been presented in several new text books. These publications demonstrate that both recursive and absolute methods still have their proponents to resolve the redundancy encountered in most mechanical systems.

Dynamical systems analysis of phantom dark energy models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Nandan; Bhadra, Nivedita

2018-06-01

In this work, we study the dynamical systems analysis of phantom dark energy models considering five different potentials. From the analysis of these five potentials we have found a general parametrization of the scalar field potentials which is obeyed by many other potentials. Our investigation shows that there is only one fixed point which could be the beginning of the universe. However, future destiny has many possible options. A detailed numerical analysis of the system has been presented. The observed late time behaviour in this analysis shows very good agreement with the recent observations.

Predictability of Brayton electric power system performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klann, J. L.; Hettel, H. J.

1972-01-01

Data from the first tests of the 2- to 15-kilowatt space power system in a vacuum chamber were compared with predictions of both a pretest analysis and a modified version of that analysis. The pretest analysis predicted test results with differences of no more than 9 percent of the largest measured value for each quantity. The modified analysis correlated measurements. Differences in conversion efficiency and power output were no greater than plus or minus 2.5 percent. This modified analysis was used to project space performance maps for the current test system.

An expert system for integrated structural analysis and design optimization for aerospace structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The results of a research study on the development of an expert system for integrated structural analysis and design optimization is presented. An Object Representation Language (ORL) was developed first in conjunction with a rule-based system. This ORL/AI shell was then used to develop expert systems to provide assistance with a variety of structural analysis and design optimization tasks, in conjunction with procedural modules for finite element structural analysis and design optimization. The main goal of the research study was to provide expertise, judgment, and reasoning capabilities in the aerospace structural design process. This will allow engineers performing structural analysis and design, even without extensive experience in the field, to develop error-free, efficient and reliable structural designs very rapidly and cost-effectively. This would not only improve the productivity of design engineers and analysts, but also significantly reduce time to completion of structural design. An extensive literature survey in the field of structural analysis, design optimization, artificial intelligence, and database management systems and their application to the structural design process was first performed. A feasibility study was then performed, and the architecture and the conceptual design for the integrated 'intelligent' structural analysis and design optimization software was then developed. An Object Representation Language (ORL), in conjunction with a rule-based system, was then developed using C++. Such an approach would improve the expressiveness for knowledge representation (especially for structural analysis and design applications), provide ability to build very large and practical expert systems, and provide an efficient way for storing knowledge. Functional specifications for the expert systems were then developed. The ORL/AI shell was then used to develop a variety of modules of expert systems for a variety of modeling, finite element analysis, and design optimization tasks in the integrated aerospace structural design process. These expert systems were developed to work in conjunction with procedural finite element structural analysis and design optimization modules (developed in-house at SAT, Inc.). The complete software, AutoDesign, so developed, can be used for integrated 'intelligent' structural analysis and design optimization. The software was beta-tested at a variety of companies, used by a range of engineers with different levels of background and expertise. Based on the feedback obtained by such users, conclusions were developed and are provided.

An expert system for integrated structural analysis and design optimization for aerospace structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1992-04-01

The results of a research study on the development of an expert system for integrated structural analysis and design optimization is presented. An Object Representation Language (ORL) was developed first in conjunction with a rule-based system. This ORL/AI shell was then used to develop expert systems to provide assistance with a variety of structural analysis and design optimization tasks, in conjunction with procedural modules for finite element structural analysis and design optimization. The main goal of the research study was to provide expertise, judgment, and reasoning capabilities in the aerospace structural design process. This will allow engineers performing structural analysis and design, even without extensive experience in the field, to develop error-free, efficient and reliable structural designs very rapidly and cost-effectively. This would not only improve the productivity of design engineers and analysts, but also significantly reduce time to completion of structural design. An extensive literature survey in the field of structural analysis, design optimization, artificial intelligence, and database management systems and their application to the structural design process was first performed. A feasibility study was then performed, and the architecture and the conceptual design for the integrated 'intelligent' structural analysis and design optimization software was then developed. An Object Representation Language (ORL), in conjunction with a rule-based system, was then developed using C++. Such an approach would improve the expressiveness for knowledge representation (especially for structural analysis and design applications), provide ability to build very large and practical expert systems, and provide an efficient way for storing knowledge. Functional specifications for the expert systems were then developed. The ORL/AI shell was then used to develop a variety of modules of expert systems for a variety of modeling, finite element analysis, and design optimization tasks in the integrated aerospace structural design process. These expert systems were developed to work in conjunction with procedural finite element structural analysis and design optimization modules (developed in-house at SAT, Inc.). The complete software, AutoDesign, so developed, can be used for integrated 'intelligent' structural analysis and design optimization. The software was beta-tested at a variety of companies, used by a range of engineers with different levels of background and expertise. Based on the feedback obtained by such users, conclusions were developed and are provided.

Technology Systems Analysis | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

RD&D areas in terms of potential costs, benefits, risks, uncertainties, and timeframes. For examples of our technology systems analysis work, see these research areas: Bioenergy Buildings Grid

An Efficient Objective Analysis System for Parallel Computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stobie, James G.

1999-01-01

A new objective analysis system designed for parallel computers will be described. The system can produce a global analysis (on a 2 x 2.5 lat-lon grid with 20 levels of heights and winds and 10 levels of moisture) using 120,000 observations in less than 3 minutes on 32 CPUs (SGI Origin 2000). No special parallel code is needed (e.g. MPI or multitasking) and the 32 CPUs do not have to be on the same platform. The system Ls totally portable and can run on -several different architectures at once. In addition, the system can easily scale up to 100 or more CPUS. This will allow for much higher resolution and significant increases in input data. The system scales linearly as the number of observations and the number of grid points. The cost overhead in going from I to 32 CPus is 18%. in addition, the analysis results are identical regardless of the number of processors used. T'his system has all the characteristics of optimal interpolation, combining detailed instrument and first guess error statistics to produce the best estimate of the atmospheric state. It also includes a new quality control (buddy check) system. Static tests with the system showed it's analysis increments are comparable to the latest NASA operational system including maintenance of mass-wind balance. Results from a 2-month cycling test in the Goddard EOS Data Assimilation System (GEOS DAS) show this new analysis retains the same level of agreement between the first guess and observations (0-F statistics) throughout the entire two months.

Risk analysis of computer system designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vallone, A.

1981-01-01

Adverse events during implementation can affect final capabilities, schedule and cost of a computer system even though the system was accurately designed and evaluated. Risk analysis enables the manager to forecast the impact of those events and to timely ask for design revisions or contingency plans before making any decision. This paper presents a structured procedure for an effective risk analysis. The procedure identifies the required activities, separates subjective assessments from objective evaluations, and defines a risk measure to determine the analysis results. The procedure is consistent with the system design evaluation and enables a meaningful comparison among alternative designs.

[Research on a non-invasive pulse wave detection and analysis system].

PubMed

Li, Ting; Yu, Gang

2008-10-01

A novel non-invasive pulse wave detection and analysis system has been developed, including the software and the hardware. Bi-channel signals can be acquired, stored and shown on the screen dynamically at the same time. Pulse wave can be reshown and printed after pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity analysis. This system embraces a computer which is designed for fast data saving, analyzing and processing, and a portable data sampling machine which is based on a singlechip. Experimental results have shown that the system is stable and easy to use, and the parameters are calculated accurately.

Thermal power systems small power systems applications project. Decision analysis for evaluating and ranking small solar thermal power system technologies. Volume 1: A brief introduction to multiattribute decision analysis. [explanation of multiattribute decision analysis methods used in evaluating alternatives for small powered systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feinberg, A.; Miles, R. F., Jr.

1978-01-01

The principal concepts of the Keeney and Raiffa approach to multiattribute decision analysis are described. Topics discussed include the concepts of decision alternatives, outcomes, objectives, attributes and their states, attribute utility functions, and the necessary independence properties for the attribute states to be aggregated into a numerical representation of the preferences of the decision maker for the outcomes and decision alternatives.

Integrated multidisciplinary analysis tool IMAT users' guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meissner, Frances T. (Editor)

1988-01-01

The Integrated Multidisciplinary Analysis Tool (IMAT) is a computer software system developed at Langley Research Center. IMAT provides researchers and analysts with an efficient capability to analyze satellite controls systems influenced by structural dynamics. Using a menu-driven executive system, IMAT leads the user through the program options. IMAT links a relational database manager to commercial and in-house structural and controls analysis codes. This paper describes the IMAT software system and how to use it.

Hydra—The National Earthquake Information Center’s 24/7 seismic monitoring, analysis, catalog production, quality analysis, and special studies tool suite

USGS Publications Warehouse

Patton, John M.; Guy, Michelle R.; Benz, Harley M.; Buland, Raymond P.; Erickson, Brian K.; Kragness, David S.

2016-08-18

This report provides an overview of the capabilities and design of Hydra, the global seismic monitoring and analysis system used for earthquake response and catalog production at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Hydra supports the NEIC’s worldwide earthquake monitoring mission in areas such as seismic event detection, seismic data insertion and storage, seismic data processing and analysis, and seismic data output.The Hydra system automatically identifies seismic phase arrival times and detects the occurrence of earthquakes in near-real time. The system integrates and inserts parametric and waveform seismic data into discrete events in a database for analysis. Hydra computes seismic event parameters, including locations, multiple magnitudes, moment tensors, and depth estimates. Hydra supports the NEIC’s 24/7 analyst staff with a suite of seismic analysis graphical user interfaces.In addition to the NEIC’s monitoring needs, the system supports the processing of aftershock and temporary deployment data, and supports the NEIC’s quality assurance procedures. The Hydra system continues to be developed to expand its seismic analysis and monitoring capabilities.

The study of co-citation analysis and knowledge structure on healthcare domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Kuo-Chung; Liu, Wen-I.; Tsai, Ming-Yu

2012-11-01

With the prevalence of Internet and digital archives, the online e-journal database facilitates scholars to search literature in a research domain, or to cross-search an inter-disciplined field; the key literature can be efficiently traced out. This study intends to build a Web-based citation analysis system, which consists of four modules, they are: 1) literature search module; (2) statistics module; (3) articles analysis module; and (4) co-citation analysis module. The system focuses on PubMed Central dataset that has 170,000 records. In a research domain, a specific keyword searches in terms of authors, journals, and core issues. In addition, we use data mining techniques for co-citation analysis. The results assist researchers with in-depth understanding of the domain knowledge. Having an automated system for co-citation analysis, it helps to understand changes, trends, and knowledge structure of research domain. For the best of our knowledge, the proposed system differentiates from existing online electronic retrieval database analysis function. Perhaps, the proposed system is going to be a value-added database of healthcare domain, and hope to contribute the researchers.

Solar energy system economic evaluation final report for SEMCO-Loxahatchee, Loxahatchee National Wildlife refuge, Palm Beach County, Florida

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Economic analysis of the solar energy system installed at Loxahatchee, was developed for Loxahatchee and four other sites typical of a wide range of environmental and economic conditions in the continental United States. This analysis was accomplished based on the technical and economic models in the f Chart design procedure with inputs based on the characteristics of the installed system and local conditions. The results are expressed in terms of the economic parameters of present worth of system costs over a projected twenty year life, life cycle savings, year of positive savings and year of payback for the optimized solar energy system at each of the analysis sites. The sensitivity of the economic evaluation to uncertainties in constituent system and economic variables was also investigated. The results demonstrate that the solar energy system is economically viable at all of the five sites for which the analysis was conducted.

Economic Efficiency and Investment Timing for Dual Water Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leconte, Robert; Hughes, Trevor C.; Narayanan, Rangesan

1987-10-01

A general methodology to evaluate the economic feasibility of dual water systems is presented. In a first step, a static analysis (evaluation at a single point in time) is developed. The analysis requires the evaluation of consumers' and producer's surpluses from water use and the capital cost of the dual (outdoor) system. The analysis is then extended to a dynamic approach where the water demand increases with time (as a result of a population increase) and where the dual system is allowed to expand. The model determines whether construction of a dual system represents a net benefit, and if so, what is the best time to initiate the system (corresponding to maximization of social welfare). Conditions under which an analytic solution is possible are discussed and results of an application are summarized (including sensitivity to different parameters). The analysis allows identification of key parameters influencing attractiveness of dual water systems.

Utilizing Semantic Big Data for realizing a National-scale Infrastructure Vulnerability Analysis System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chinthavali, Supriya; Shankar, Mallikarjun

Critical Infrastructure systems(CIs) such as energy, water, transportation and communication are highly interconnected and mutually dependent in complex ways. Robust modeling of CIs interconnections is crucial to identify vulnerabilities in the CIs. We present here a national-scale Infrastructure Vulnerability Analysis System (IVAS) vision leveraging Se- mantic Big Data (SBD) tools, Big Data, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools. We survey existing ap- proaches on vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructures and discuss relevant systems and tools aligned with our vi- sion. Next, we present a generic system architecture and discuss challenges including: (1) Constructing and manag- ing a CI network-of-networks graph,more » (2) Performing analytic operations at scale, and (3) Interactive visualization of ana- lytic output to generate meaningful insights. We argue that this architecture acts as a baseline to realize a national-scale network based vulnerability analysis system.« less

The Use of Object-Oriented Analysis Methods in Surety Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Craft, Richard L.; Funkhouser, Donald R.; Wyss, Gregory D.

1999-05-01

Object-oriented analysis methods have been used in the computer science arena for a number of years to model the behavior of computer-based systems. This report documents how such methods can be applied to surety analysis. By embodying the causality and behavior of a system in a common object-oriented analysis model, surety analysts can make the assumptions that underlie their models explicit and thus better communicate with system designers. Furthermore, given minor extensions to traditional object-oriented analysis methods, it is possible to automatically derive a wide variety of traditional risk and reliability analysis methods from a single common object model. Automaticmore » model extraction helps ensure consistency among analyses and enables the surety analyst to examine a system from a wider variety of viewpoints in a shorter period of time. Thus it provides a deeper understanding of a system's behaviors and surety requirements. This report documents the underlying philosophy behind the common object model representation, the methods by which such common object models can be constructed, and the rules required to interrogate the common object model for derivation of traditional risk and reliability analysis models. The methodology is demonstrated in an extensive example problem.« less

TADS: A CFD-Based Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System with GUI: Methods and Results. 2.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koiro, M. J.; Myers, R. A.; Delaney, R. A.

1999-01-01

The primary objective of this study was the development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based turbomachinery airfoil analysis and design system, controlled by a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The computer codes resulting from this effort are referred to as TADS (Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System). This document is the Final Report describing the theoretical basis and analytical results from the TADS system developed under Task 10 of NASA Contract NAS3-27394, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI, Phase II-Loss, Design and. Multi-stage Analysis. TADS couples a throughflow solver (ADPAC) with a quasi-3D blade-to-blade solver (RVCQ3D) or a 3-D solver with slip condition on the end walls (B2BADPAC) in an interactive package. Throughflow analysis and design capability was developed in ADPAC through the addition of blade force and blockage terms to the governing equations. A GUI was developed to simplify user input and automate the many tasks required to perform turbomachinery analysis and design. The coupling of the various programs was done in such a way that alternative solvers or grid generators could be easily incorporated into the TADS framework. Results of aerodynamic calculations using the TADS system are presented for a multistage compressor, a multistage turbine, two highly loaded fans, and several single stage compressor and turbine example cases.

Data Link Test and Analysis System/ATCRBS Transponder Test System Technical Reference

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-05-01

This document references material for personnel using or making software changes : to the Data Link Test and Analysis System (DATAS) for Air Traffic Control Radar : Beacon System (ATCRBS) transponder testing and data collection. This is one of : a se...

Content Analysis in Systems Engineering Acquisition Activities

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-30

Acquisition Activities Karen Holness, Assistant Professor, NPS Update on the Department of the Navy Systems Engineering Career Competency Model Clifford...systems engineering toolkit . Having a common analysis tool that is easy to use would support the feedback of observed system performance trends from the

Systems Integration Analysis for Future Tower Cab Configurations/Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-06-01

This report presents the results of the analysis of various aspects of the integration of future ATC systems into the tower cab. The impact on the tower cab environment is analyzed from several points of view: how the systems information and displays...

Security credentials management system (SCMS) design and analysis for the connected vehicle system : draft.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-27

This report presents an analysis by Booz Allen Hamilton (Booz Allen) of the technical design for the Security Credentials Management System (SCMS) intended to support communications security for the connected vehicle system. The SCMS technical design...

SIMS prototype system 3 test results: Engineering analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The results obtained during testing of a closed hydronic drain down solar system designed for space and hot water heating is presented. Data analysis is included which documents the system performance and verifies the suitability of SIMS Prototype System 3 for field installation.

A CHARTING TECHNIQUE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS SYSTEMS,

DTIC Science & Technology

This paper describes a charting technique useful in the analysis of business systems and in studies of the information economics of the firm. The...planning advanced systems. It is not restricted to any particular kind of business or information system. (Author)

Study of Alternate Space Shuttle Concepts. Volume 2. Part 1: Concept Analysis and Definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

Three different space shuttle systems have been defined and analyzed. The first is a stage-and-one-half system optimized to meet program requirements. The second is a two-stage, fully reusable system also designed to meet program requirements. The third is a convertible system which operates initially as a stage-and-one-half system and is subsequently converted to a two-stage, fully reusable system by reconfiguration of the orbiter vehicle and development of a booster vehicle. The design and performance of this third system must necessarily be compromised somewhat to facilitate the conversion. For each system, the applicable requirements, ground rules, and assumptions are defined. The characteristics of each system are listed and a detailed description and analysis of the system are presented. Finally, a cost analysis for the system is given.

Analysis of large power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dommel, H. W.

1975-01-01

Computer-oriented power systems analysis procedures in the electric utilities are surveyed. The growth of electric power systems is discussed along with the solution of sparse network equations, power flow, and stability studies.

Dynamic malware analysis using IntroVirt: a modified hypervisor-based system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Joshua S.; Pape, Stephen R.; Meily, Adam T.; Gloo, Richard M.

2013-05-01

In this paper, we present a system for Dynamic Malware Analysis which incorporates the use of IntroVirt™. IntroVirt is an introspective hypervisor architecture and infrastructure that supports advanced analysis techniques for stealth-malwareanalysis. This system allows for complete guest monitoring and interaction, including the manipulation and blocking of system calls. IntroVirt is capable of bypassing virtual machine detection capabilities of even the most sophisticated malware, by spoofing returns to system call responses. Additional fuzzing capabilities can be employed to detect both malware vulnerabilities and polymorphism.

Analytical transmissibility based transfer path analysis for multi-energy-domain systems using four-pole parameter theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashayekhi, Mohammad Jalali; Behdinan, Kamran

2017-10-01

The increasing demand to minimize undesired vibration and noise levels in several high-tech industries has generated a renewed interest in vibration transfer path analysis. Analyzing vibration transfer paths within a system is of crucial importance in designing an effective vibration isolation strategy. Most of the existing vibration transfer path analysis techniques are empirical which are suitable for diagnosis and troubleshooting purpose. The lack of an analytical transfer path analysis to be used in the design stage is the main motivation behind this research. In this paper an analytical transfer path analysis based on the four-pole theory is proposed for multi-energy-domain systems. Bond graph modeling technique which is an effective approach to model multi-energy-domain systems is used to develop the system model. In this paper an electro-mechanical system is used as a benchmark example to elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. An algorithm to obtain the equivalent four-pole representation of a dynamical systems based on the corresponding bond graph model is also presented in this paper.

Weld analysis and control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, Larry Z. (Inventor); Rodgers, Michael H. (Inventor); Powell, Bradley W. (Inventor); Burroughs, Ivan A. (Inventor); Goode, K. Wayne (Inventor)

1994-01-01

The invention is a Weld Analysis and Control System developed for active weld system control through real time weld data acquisition. Closed-loop control is based on analysis of weld system parameters and weld geometry. The system is adapted for use with automated welding apparatus having a weld controller which is capable of active electronic control of all aspects of a welding operation. Enhanced graphics and data displays are provided for post-weld analysis. The system provides parameter acquisition, including seam location which is acquired for active torch cross-seam positioning. Torch stand-off is also monitored for control. Weld bead and parent surface geometrical parameters are acquired as an indication of weld quality. These parameters include mismatch, peaking, undercut, underfill, crown height, weld width, puddle diameter, and other measurable information about the weld puddle regions, such as puddle symmetry, etc. These parameters provide a basis for active control as well as post-weld quality analysis and verification. Weld system parameters, such as voltage, current and wire feed rate, are also monitored and archived for correlation with quality parameters.

Decision Support System Requirements Definition for Human Extravehicular Activity Based on Cognitive Work Analysis

PubMed Central

Miller, Matthew James; McGuire, Kerry M.; Feigh, Karen M.

2016-01-01

The design and adoption of decision support systems within complex work domains is a challenge for cognitive systems engineering (CSE) practitioners, particularly at the onset of project development. This article presents an example of applying CSE techniques to derive design requirements compatible with traditional systems engineering to guide decision support system development. Specifically, it demonstrates the requirements derivation process based on cognitive work analysis for a subset of human spaceflight operations known as extravehicular activity. The results are presented in two phases. First, a work domain analysis revealed a comprehensive set of work functions and constraints that exist in the extravehicular activity work domain. Second, a control task analysis was performed on a subset of the work functions identified by the work domain analysis to articulate the translation of subject matter states of knowledge to high-level decision support system requirements. This work emphasizes an incremental requirements specification process as a critical component of CSE analyses to better situate CSE perspectives within the early phases of traditional systems engineering design. PMID:28491008

Decision Support System Requirements Definition for Human Extravehicular Activity Based on Cognitive Work Analysis.

PubMed

Miller, Matthew James; McGuire, Kerry M; Feigh, Karen M

2017-06-01

The design and adoption of decision support systems within complex work domains is a challenge for cognitive systems engineering (CSE) practitioners, particularly at the onset of project development. This article presents an example of applying CSE techniques to derive design requirements compatible with traditional systems engineering to guide decision support system development. Specifically, it demonstrates the requirements derivation process based on cognitive work analysis for a subset of human spaceflight operations known as extravehicular activity . The results are presented in two phases. First, a work domain analysis revealed a comprehensive set of work functions and constraints that exist in the extravehicular activity work domain. Second, a control task analysis was performed on a subset of the work functions identified by the work domain analysis to articulate the translation of subject matter states of knowledge to high-level decision support system requirements. This work emphasizes an incremental requirements specification process as a critical component of CSE analyses to better situate CSE perspectives within the early phases of traditional systems engineering design.

Thermoeconomic analysis of an integrated multi-effect desalination thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) system with a trigeneration system using triple-pressure HRSG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghaebi, Hadi; Abbaspour, Ghader

2018-05-01

In this research, thermoeconomic analysis of a multi-effect desalination thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) system integrated with a trigeneration system with a gas turbine prime mover is carried out. The integrated system comprises of a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a triple-pressure (low, medium and high pressures) heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) system, an absorption chiller cycle (ACC), and a multi-effect desalination (MED) system. Low pressure steam produced in the HRSG is used to drive absorption chiller cycle, medium pressure is used in desalination system and high pressure superheated steam is used for heating purposes. For thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the proposed integrated system, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is used by employing mass, energy, exergy, and cost balance equations for each component of system. The results of the modeling showed that with the new design, the exergy efficiency in the base design will increase to 57.5%. In addition, thermoeconomic analysis revealed that the net power, heating, fresh water and cooling have the highest production cost, respectively.

Feasibility and demonstration of a cloud-based RIID analysis system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wright, Michael C.; Hertz, Kristin L.; Johnson, William C.; Sword, Eric D.; Younkin, James R.; Sadler, Lorraine E.

2015-06-01

A significant limitation in the operational utility of handheld and backpack radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) is the inability of their onboard algorithms to accurately and reliably identify the isotopic sources of the measured gamma-ray energy spectrum. A possible solution is to move the spectral analysis computations to an external device, the cloud, where significantly greater capabilities are available. The implementation and demonstration of a prototype cloud-based RIID analysis system have shown this type of system to be feasible with currently available communication and computational technology. A system study has shown that the potential user community could derive significant benefits from an appropriately implemented cloud-based analysis system and has identified the design and operational characteristics required by the users and stakeholders for such a system. A general description of the hardware and software necessary to implement reliable cloud-based analysis, the value of the cloud expressed by the user community, and the aspects of the cloud implemented in the demonstrations are discussed.

An image processing and analysis tool for identifying and analysing complex plant root systems in 3D soil using non-destructive analysis: Root1.

PubMed

Flavel, Richard J; Guppy, Chris N; Rabbi, Sheikh M R; Young, Iain M

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to develop a flexible and free image processing and analysis solution, based on the Public Domain ImageJ platform, for the segmentation and analysis of complex biological plant root systems in soil from x-ray tomography 3D images. Contrasting root architectures from wheat, barley and chickpea root systems were grown in soil and scanned using a high resolution micro-tomography system. A macro (Root1) was developed that reliably identified with good to high accuracy complex root systems (10% overestimation for chickpea, 1% underestimation for wheat, 8% underestimation for barley) and provided analysis of root length and angle. In-built flexibility allowed the user interaction to (a) amend any aspect of the macro to account for specific user preferences, and (b) take account of computational limitations of the platform. The platform is free, flexible and accurate in analysing root system metrics.

System analysis in forest resources: proceedings of the 2003 symposium.

Treesearch

Michael Bevers; Tara M. Barrett

2005-01-01

The 2003 symposium of systems analysis in forest resources brought together researchers and practitioners who apply methods of optimization, simulation, management science, and systems analysis to forestry problems. This was the 10th symposium in the series, with previous conferences held in 1975, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2002. The forty-two papers...

Low-thrust chemical propulsion system propellant expulsion and thermal conditioning study. Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merino, F.; Wakabayashi, I.; Pleasant, R. L.; Hill, M.

1982-01-01

Preferred techniques for providing abort pressurization and engine feed system net positive suction pressure (NPSP) for low thrust chemical propulsion systems (LTPS) were determined. A representative LTPS vehicle configuration is presented. Analysis tasks include: propellant heating analysis; pressurant requirements for abort propellant dump; and comparative analysis of pressurization techniques and thermal subcoolers.

Contributions to systemic analysis for worm screw production using thread whirling devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cretu, G.

2017-08-01

The paper aims to achieve a systemic analysis of worms processing using whirling threaded devices with highlighting all the factors involved in this system. It will also carry out an analysis of these factors depending on specific conditions such machining. Are also presented the stages of experimentation program and ways of processing for data obtained.

Development of a Visual System Interface to Support a Domain-Oriented Application Composition System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-23

Austin Texas, 1990. 25. Kang, Kyo C. and others. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Tech- nical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, Software...Validation and Analysis of the Architect Visual System. .. .. .. .. .... ....... 5-1 5.1 Validation Domain...5-2 5.3 Analysis .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .... .... .. ....... 5-2 5.3.1 The REFINE Environment

Review of U.S. Army Unmanned Aerial Systems Accident Reports: Analysis of Human Error Contributions

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-20

USAARL Report No. 2018-08 Review of U.S. Army Unmanned Aerial Systems Accident Reports: Analysis of Human Error Contributions By Kathryn A...3 Statistical Analysis Approach ..............................................................................................3 Results...1 Introduction The success of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operations relies upon a variety of factors, including, but not limited to

Comparative Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

differential qualita- tive (DQ) analysis, which solves the task, providing explanations suitable for use by design systems, automated diagnosis, intelligent...solves the task, providing explanations suitable for use by design systems, automated diagnosis, intelligent tutoring systems, and explanation based...comparative analysis as an important component; the explanation is used in many different ways. * One way method of automated design is the principlvd

Empirical Analysis of Optical Attenuator Performance in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Using a Particle Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL ATTENUATOR PERFORMANCE IN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING A...DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED AFIT/GCS/ENG/12-01 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL ATTENUATOR PERFORMANCE IN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING ...challenging as the complexity of actual implementation specifics are considered. Two components common to most quantum key distribution

Vibration Transmission through Rolling Element Bearings in Geared Rotor Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

147 4.8 Concluding Remarks ........................................................... 153 V STATISTICAL ENERGY ANALYSIS ............................................ 155...and dynamic finite element techniques are used to develop the discrete vibration models while statistical energy analysis method is used for the broad...bearing system studies, geared rotor system studies, and statistical energy analysis . Each chapter is self sufficient since it is written in a

Wind Turbine Optimization with WISDEM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dykes, Katherine L; Damiani, Rick R; Graf, Peter A

This presentation for the Fourth Wind Energy Systems Engineering Workshop explains the NREL wind energy systems engineering initiative-developed analysis platform and research capability to capture important system interactions to achieve a better understanding of how to improve system-level performance and achieve system-level cost reductions. Topics include Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM) and multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization.

Probabilistic assessment of dynamic system performance. Part 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belhadj, Mohamed

1993-01-01

Accurate prediction of dynamic system failure behavior can be important for the reliability and risk analyses of nuclear power plants, as well as for their backfitting to satisfy given constraints on overall system reliability, or optimization of system performance. Global analysis of dynamic systems through investigating the variations in the structure of the attractors of the system and the domains of attraction of these attractors as a function of the system parameters is also important for nuclear technology in order to understand the fault-tolerance as well as the safety margins of the system under consideration and to insure a safemore » operation of nuclear reactors. Such a global analysis would be particularly relevant to future reactors with inherent or passive safety features that are expected to rely on natural phenomena rather than active components to achieve and maintain safe shutdown. Conventionally, failure and global analysis of dynamic systems necessitate the utilization of different methodologies which have computational limitations on the system size that can be handled. Using a Chapman-Kolmogorov interpretation of system dynamics, a theoretical basis is developed that unifies these methodologies as special cases and which can be used for a comprehensive safety and reliability analysis of dynamic systems.« less

Systems and methods for detection of blowout precursors in combustors

DOEpatents

Lieuwen, Tim C.; Nair, Suraj

2006-08-15

The present invention comprises systems and methods for detecting flame blowout precursors in combustors. The blowout precursor detection system comprises a combustor, a pressure measuring device, and blowout precursor detection unit. A combustion controller may also be used to control combustor parameters. The methods of the present invention comprise receiving pressure data measured by an acoustic pressure measuring device, performing one or a combination of spectral analysis, statistical analysis, and wavelet analysis on received pressure data, and determining the existence of a blowout precursor based on such analyses. The spectral analysis, statistical analysis, and wavelet analysis further comprise their respective sub-methods to determine the existence of blowout precursors.

Making the Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission safe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bahr, N. J.; Depalo, S. V.

1992-01-01

The implementation of the HST system safety program is detailed. Numerous safety analyses are conducted through various phases of design, test, and fabrication, and results are presented to NASA management for discussion during dedicated safety reviews. Attention is given to the system safety assessment and risk analysis methodologies used, i.e., hazard analysis, fault tree analysis, and failure modes and effects analysis, and to how they are coupled with engineering and test analysis for a 'synergistic picture' of the system. Some preliminary safety analysis results, showing the relationship between hazard identification, control or abatement, and finally control verification, are presented as examples of this safety process.

Sandia Engineering Analysis Code Access System v. 2.0.1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sjaardema, Gregory D.

The Sandia Engineering Analysis Code Access System (SEACAS) is a suite of preprocessing, post processing, translation, visualization, and utility applications supporting finite element analysis software using the Exodus database file format.

Coal systems analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Warwick, P.D.

This collection of papers provides an introduction to the concept of coal systems analysis and contains examples of how coal systems analysis can be used to understand, characterize, and evaluate coal and coal gas resources. Chapter are: Coal systems analysis: A new approach to the understanding of coal formation, coal quality and environmental considerations, and coal as a source rock for hydrocarbons by Peter D. Warwick. Appalachian coal assessment: Defining the coal systems of the Appalachian Basin by Robert C. Milici. Subtle structural influences on coal thickness and distribution: Examples from the Lower Broas-Stockton coal (Middle Pennsylvanian), Eastern Kentucky Coalmore » Field, USA by Stephen F. Greb, Cortland F. Eble, and J.C. Hower. Palynology in coal systems analysis The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments by Douglas J. Nichols. A comparison of late Paleocene and late Eocene lignite depositional systems using palynology, upper Wilcox and upper Jackson Groups, east-central Texas by Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe, Recep H. Sancay, Anne L. Raymond, and Thomas E. Yancey. New insights on the hydrocarbon system of the Fruitland Formation coal beds, northern San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, USA by W.C. Riese, William L. Pelzmann, and Glen T. Snyder.« less

Stability analysis for a multi-camera photogrammetric system.

PubMed

Habib, Ayman; Detchev, Ivan; Kwak, Eunju

2014-08-18

Consumer-grade digital cameras suffer from geometrical instability that may cause problems when used in photogrammetric applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of this issue of interior orientation parameter variation over time, it explains the common ways used for coping with the issue, and describes the existing methods for performing stability analysis for a single camera. The paper then points out the lack of coverage of stability analysis for multi-camera systems, suggests a modification of the collinearity model to be used for the calibration of an entire photogrammetric system, and proposes three methods for system stability analysis. The proposed methods explore the impact of the changes in interior orientation and relative orientation/mounting parameters on the reconstruction process. Rather than relying on ground truth in real datasets to check the system calibration stability, the proposed methods are simulation-based. Experiment results are shown, where a multi-camera photogrammetric system was calibrated three times, and stability analysis was performed on the system calibration parameters from the three sessions. The proposed simulation-based methods provided results that were compatible with a real-data based approach for evaluating the impact of changes in the system calibration parameters on the three-dimensional reconstruction.

Session 6: Dynamic Modeling and Systems Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csank, Jeffrey; Chapman, Jeffryes; May, Ryan

2013-01-01

These presentations cover some of the ongoing work in dynamic modeling and dynamic systems analysis. The first presentation discusses dynamic systems analysis and how to integrate dynamic performance information into the systems analysis. The ability to evaluate the dynamic performance of an engine design may allow tradeoffs between the dynamic performance and operability of a design resulting in a more efficient engine design. The second presentation discusses the Toolbox for Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS). T-MATS is a Simulation system with a library containing the basic building blocks that can be used to create dynamic Thermodynamic Systems. Some of the key features include Turbo machinery components, such as turbines, compressors, etc., and basic control system blocks. T-MAT is written in the Matlab-Simulink environment and is open source software. The third presentation focuses on getting additional performance from the engine by allowing the limit regulators only to be active when a limit is danger of being violated. Typical aircraft engine control architecture is based on MINMAX scheme, which is designed to keep engine operating within prescribed mechanical/operational safety limits. Using a conditionally active min-max limit regulator scheme, additional performance can be gained by disabling non-relevant limit regulators

Analysis of transport eco-efficiency scenarios to support sustainability assessment: a study on Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

PubMed

Iqbal, Asif; Allan, Andrew; Afroze, Shirina

2017-08-01

The study focused to assess the level of efficiency (of both emissions and service quality) that can be achieved for the transport system in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The assessment technique attempted to quantify the extent of eco-efficiency achievable for the system modifications due to planning or strategy. The eco-efficiency analysis was facilitated with a detailed survey data on Dhaka City transport system, which was conducted for 9 months in 2012-2013. Line source modelling (CALINE4) was incorporated to estimate the on-road emission concentration. The eco-efficiency of the transport systems was assessed with the 'multi-criteria analysis' (MCA) technique that enabled the valuation of systems' qualitative and quantitative parameters. As per the analysis, driving indiscipline on road can alone promise about 47% reductions in emissions, which along with the number of private vehicles were the important stressors that restrict achieving eco-efficiency in Dhaka City. Detailed analysis of the transport system together with the potential transport system scenarios can offer a checklist to the policy makers enabling to identify the possible actions needed that can offer greater services to the dwellers against lesser emissions, which in turn can bring sustainability of the system.

Stability Analysis for a Multi-Camera Photogrammetric System

PubMed Central

Habib, Ayman; Detchev, Ivan; Kwak, Eunju

2014-01-01

Consumer-grade digital cameras suffer from geometrical instability that may cause problems when used in photogrammetric applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of this issue of interior orientation parameter variation over time, it explains the common ways used for coping with the issue, and describes the existing methods for performing stability analysis for a single camera. The paper then points out the lack of coverage of stability analysis for multi-camera systems, suggests a modification of the collinearity model to be used for the calibration of an entire photogrammetric system, and proposes three methods for system stability analysis. The proposed methods explore the impact of the changes in interior orientation and relative orientation/mounting parameters on the reconstruction process. Rather than relying on ground truth in real datasets to check the system calibration stability, the proposed methods are simulation-based. Experiment results are shown, where a multi-camera photogrammetric system was calibrated three times, and stability analysis was performed on the system calibration parameters from the three sessions. The proposed simulation-based methods provided results that were compatible with a real-data based approach for evaluating the impact of changes in the system calibration parameters on the three-dimensional reconstruction. PMID:25196012

A Multidisciplinary Tool for Systems Analysis of Planetary Entry, Descent, and Landing (SAPE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samareh, Jamshid A.

2009-01-01

SAPE is a Python-based multidisciplinary analysis tool for systems analysis of planetary entry, descent, and landing (EDL) for Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Titan. The purpose of SAPE is to provide a variable-fidelity capability for conceptual and preliminary analysis within the same framework. SAPE includes the following analysis modules: geometry, trajectory, aerodynamics, aerothermal, thermal protection system, and structural sizing. SAPE uses the Python language-a platform-independent open-source software for integration and for the user interface. The development has relied heavily on the object-oriented programming capabilities that are available in Python. Modules are provided to interface with commercial and government off-the-shelf software components (e.g., thermal protection systems and finite-element analysis). SAPE runs on Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X and has been partially tested on Linux.

Manual versus Automated Narrative Analysis of Agrammatic Production Patterns: The Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis and Computerized Language Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Chien-Ju; Thompson, Cynthia K.

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of the manually coded Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis (NNLA) system, which was developed for characterizing agrammatic production patterns, and the automated Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN) system, which has recently been adopted to analyze speech samples of individuals…

Artificial Neural Network Analysis System

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-02-27

Contract No. DASG60-00-M-0201 Purchase request no.: Foot in the Door-01 Title Name: Artificial Neural Network Analysis System Company: Atlantic... Artificial Neural Network Analysis System 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Powell, Bruce C 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER...34) 27-02-2001 Report Type N/A Dates Covered (from... to) ("DD MON YYYY") 28-10-2000 27-02-2001 Title and Subtitle Artificial Neural Network Analysis

Advanced Gun System (AGS) Dynamic Characterization: Modal Test and Analysis, High-Frequency Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

frequency data (to 10 kHz) in the AGS test. 3.2 High-Frequency Damping Determination by Wavelet Transform. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT...ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY MmOSm Hi Advanced Gun System ( AGS ) Dynamic Characterization: Modal Test and Analysis, High-Frequency Analysis by Morris...this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. ERRATA SHEET re: ARL-TR-2138 "Advanced Gun System ( AGS ) Dynamic

Architecture analysis report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-11-01

The purpose of this document is to provide an Architecture Analysis : for the Next Generation 911 (NG911) System (or system : of systems). The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) : understands that access to emergency services...

Tolerance analysis through computational imaging simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Birch, Gabriel C.; LaCasse, Charles F.; Stubbs, Jaclynn J.; Dagel, Amber L.; Bradley, Jon

2017-11-01

The modeling and simulation of non-traditional imaging systems require holistic consideration of the end-to-end system. We demonstrate this approach through a tolerance analysis of a random scattering lensless imaging system.

Automated daily quality control analysis for mammography in a multi-unit imaging center.

PubMed

Sundell, Veli-Matti; Mäkelä, Teemu; Meaney, Alexander; Kaasalainen, Touko; Savolainen, Sauli

2018-01-01

Background The high requirements for mammography image quality necessitate a systematic quality assurance process. Digital imaging allows automation of the image quality analysis, which can potentially improve repeatability and objectivity compared to a visual evaluation made by the users. Purpose To develop an automatic image quality analysis software for daily mammography quality control in a multi-unit imaging center. Material and Methods An automated image quality analysis software using the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis was developed for the American College of Radiology accreditation phantom. The software was validated by analyzing 60 randomly selected phantom images from six mammography systems and 20 phantom images with different dose levels from one mammography system. The results were compared to a visual analysis made by four reviewers. Additionally, long-term image quality trends of a full-field digital mammography system and a computed radiography mammography system were investigated. Results The automated software produced feature detection levels comparable to visual analysis. The agreement was good in the case of fibers, while the software detected somewhat more microcalcifications and characteristic masses. Long-term follow-up via a quality assurance web portal demonstrated the feasibility of using the software for monitoring the performance of mammography systems in a multi-unit imaging center. Conclusion Automated image quality analysis enables monitoring the performance of digital mammography systems in an efficient, centralized manner.

From scenarios to domain models: processes and representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haddock, Gail; Harbison, Karan

1994-03-01

The domain specific software architectures (DSSA) community has defined a philosophy for the development of complex systems. This philosophy improves productivity and efficiency by increasing the user's role in the definition of requirements, increasing the systems engineer's role in the reuse of components, and decreasing the software engineer's role to the development of new components and component modifications only. The scenario-based engineering process (SEP), the first instantiation of the DSSA philosophy, has been adopted by the next generation controller project. It is also the chosen methodology of the trauma care information management system project, and the surrogate semi-autonomous vehicle project. SEP uses scenarios from the user to create domain models and define the system's requirements. Domain knowledge is obtained from a variety of sources including experts, documents, and videos. This knowledge is analyzed using three techniques: scenario analysis, task analysis, and object-oriented analysis. Scenario analysis results in formal representations of selected scenarios. Task analysis of the scenario representations results in descriptions of tasks necessary for object-oriented analysis and also subtasks necessary for functional system analysis. Object-oriented analysis of task descriptions produces domain models and system requirements. This paper examines the representations that support the DSSA philosophy, including reference requirements, reference architectures, and domain models. The processes used to create and use the representations are explained through use of the scenario-based engineering process. Selected examples are taken from the next generation controller project.

48 CFR 570.402-6 - Cost-benefit analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cost-benefit analysis. 570.402-6 Section 570.402-6 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL... Continued Space Requirements 570.402-6 Cost-benefit analysis. (a) The cost-benefit analysis must consider...