What Technology? Reflections on Evolving Services

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Sharon

2009-01-01

Each year, the members of the EDUCAUSE Evolving Technologies Committee identify and research the evolving technologies that are having--or are predicted to have--the most direct impact on higher education institutions. The committee members choose the relevant topics, write white papers, and present their findings at the EDUCAUSE annual…

Security: Progress and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luker, Mark A.

2004-01-01

The Homepage column in the March/April 2003 issue of "EDUCAUSE Review" explained the national implication of security vulnerabilities in higher education and the role of the EDUCAUSE/Internet2 Computer and Network Security Task Force in representing the higher education sector in the development of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace. Among…

CIOs Talk about Budgets: Emerging Stronger and Leaner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maas, Bruce; Miller, Fredrick; Orr, Pattie; Ouska, Julie; Waggener, Shelton M.; Goldstein, Philip J., Comp.

2009-01-01

To explore current and future implications of the economic downturn, "EDUCAUSE Review" assembled a panel of senior IT leaders: (1) Bruce Maas, CIO, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; (2) Fredrick Miller, CIO, Furman University; (3) Pattie Orr, Vice President for IT and Dean of University Libraries, Baylor University; (4) Julie Ouska, CIO…

A Security Checklist for ERP Implementations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Joy R.; Beer, Robert

2007-01-01

The EDUCAUSE/Internet2 Computer and Network Security Task Force consulted with IT security professionals on campus about concerns with the current state of security in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. From these conversations, it was clear that security issues generally fell into one of two areas: (1) It has become extremely difficult…

EDUCAUSE Core Data Service: Fiscal Year 2005 Summary Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Brian L.; Rudy, Julia A.

2006-01-01

This report summarizes much of the data collected through the 2005 EDUCAUSE core data survey about campus information technology (IT) environments at 933 colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad. The report presents aggregates of data through more than 100 tables and accompanying descriptive text in five areas relevant to planning and…

The NPC: A Higher Priority for Networking Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhns, Jeff C.

2006-01-01

This article discusses the scope of activities of the Network Policy Council (NPC), which has been designed to provide a more direct channel of communications within EDUCAUSE and to provide policy formulation more visibility. The NPC is an advisory council to EDUCAUSE whose members are selected from those who have interest in this area and are…

Knowledge Management as a Mechanism for Technological and Organizational Change Management in Israeli Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoham, Snunith; Perry, Milly

2009-01-01

During the last decade, the higher education sector has experienced many pressures and changes (Hanna, "Educause Review, 38"(4), 25-34, 2003; Scott, "Educause Review, 38", 64-80, 2003; Waterhouse, "The power of e-learning: The essential guide for teaching in the digital age", 2005). Universities around the world are…

Winds of Change: Charting the Course for IT in the Twenty-First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Brian L.

2007-01-01

In the spring of 2005, the author, the retiring president of EDUCAUSE, was asked to be the keynote speaker at the EDUCAUSE Western Regional Conference. The conference theme was "Winds of Change: Charting the Course for Technology in Challenging Times." What that brought to his mind was the era of the great sailing ships of the eighteenth and…

Top 10 IT Issues, 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camp, John S.; DeBlois, Peter B.

2007-01-01

The EDUCAUSE Current Issues Committee, whose members review and recommend the set of IT issues to be presented each year, conducted a Web-based survey in December 2006 to identify the five of thirty-one IT issues in each of four areas: (1) issues that are critical for strategic success; (2) issues that are expected to increase in significance; (3)…

It Top-10 Issues 2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewey, Barbara I.; DeBlois, Peter B.

2006-01-01

The EDUCAUSE Current Issues Committee, whose members review and recommend the set of IT issues to be presented each year, conducted a Web-based survey in December 2005 to identify the five of thirty-one IT issues in each of four areas: (1) issues that are critical for strategic success; (2) issues that are expected to increase in significance; (3)…

The "E" Is for Everything: E-Commerce, E-Business, and E-Learning in Higher Education. EDUCAUSE Leadership Strategies, No. 2. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katz, Richard N., Ed.; Oblinger, Diana G., Ed.

The Educause Leadership Strategies series addresses themes related to information technology's influence on higher education. This second volume in the series explores how the "e-revolution" will affect higher education, particularly how higher education can participate in anticipated changes in ways that strengthen the best of what…

IT: What's It Worth?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Philip; Olson, Mark; Katz, Richard N.

2003-01-01

A 2-day meeting of EDUCAUSE and the National Association of College and University Business Officers explored the value of information technology (IT) for higher education. Presents the major conclusions reached by forum attendees and suggests a direction for future discussion. (SLD)

Delivering Value by Preserving Values: An Interview with Douglas Van Houweling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUCAUSE Review, 2003

2003-01-01

Presents an interview with Douglas Van Houweling, president and CEO of the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID), the formal organization supporting Internet2, and recipient of the EDUCAUSE Award for Excellence in Leadership. (EV)

Developing Strategies for Affordable Bandwidth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Educause Quarterly, 2000

2000-01-01

Written by Educause's Net@EDU Broadband Pricing Working Group, this article discusses what institutions of higher education can do to develop good partnerships with broadband vendors in order to negotiate affordable pricing for increased bandwidth. Describes problems with the marketplace, examples from a few universities, and points to remember…

A Kinder and Gentler Transformation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katz, Richard N.; Goldstein, Larry; Dobbin, Gregory

2001-01-01

Discusses the shifting focus regarding information technology in higher education from technology itself toward the people and business processes connected with it. Describes the University of California's efforts toward a new business architecture, and an Educause-sponsored forum on e-business discussing the same themes. Offers discussion of the…

Learning the Lessons and Moving Ahead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grush, Mary

2007-01-01

Despite intensive security measures, institutions are still suffering breaches--sometimes quite painful and costly ones. After a major breach was reported at UCLA this past November, the author spoke with "Educause" security expert Rodney Petersen, to get his perspective and advice for higher education leadership. This article presents…

Institutional Data Management in Higher Education. ECAR Key Findings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yanosky, Ronald

2009-01-01

This document presents the key findings from the 2009 ECAR (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research) study of institutional data management, which examines the policies and practices by which higher education institutions effectively collect, protect, and use digital information assets to meet academic and business needs. Importantly, it also…

Horton Hears a Tweet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunlap, Joanna C.; Lowenthal, Patrick R.

2009-01-01

Not long ago, the authors participated in EDUCAUSE 2009 in Denver. Because they were delivering a presentation on instructional uses of Twitter, their ears and eyes were wide open for other presentations mentioning social networking in general and Twitter specifically. At a lively "debate", the negative commentary focused on three things: Twitter…

Its All about Power

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaffhauser, Dian

2008-01-01

Data loss from life's little power calamities may be the most common form of IT disaster any campus can face. According to a 2007 industry association survey(www.connect.educause.edu/library/ecar/shelterfromthestormitandb/41174), 82 percent of higher education institutions reporting a disruptive occurrence in the five years prior to the study…

Leadership, Goals, & Transformation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barone, Carole A.

2005-01-01

John C. Hitt became the fourth president of the University of Central Florida (UCF) on March 1, 1992, after nineteen years of administrative experience and a distinguished academic career. He received his M.S. and his Ph.D. at Tulane University. Dr. Hitt serves on the boards of EDUCAUSE, the National Center for Educational Accountability, the…

Just in Time Research: Data Breaches in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grama, Joanna

2014-01-01

This "Just in Time" research is in response to recent discussions on the EDUCAUSE Higher Education Information Security Council (HEISC) discussion list about data breaches in higher education. Using data from the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, this research analyzes data breaches attributed to higher education. The results from this…

Evaluating Computer-Related Incidents on Campus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothschild, Daniel; Rezmierski, Virginia

2004-01-01

The Computer Incident Factor Analysis and Categorization (CIFAC) Project at the University of Michigan began in September 2003 with grants from EDUCAUSE and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The project's primary goal is to create a best-practices security framework for colleges and universities based on rigorous quantitative analysis of…

The Role of IT in Campus Sustainability Efforts. An EDUCAUSE White Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Page, Carie

2009-01-01

As the impact of worldwide carbon emissions comes into sharper focus, college and university sustainability efforts are increasingly turning green, focusing on ways to use resources more efficiently, consume less, and reduce campus carbon footprints. Yet, despite the direct impact of IT on institutional carbon levels and the potential for new…

CFOs Talk about Finances: Glimmers of Hope

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Antolovic, Laurie G.; Horvath, Albert G.; Plympton, Margaret F.

2009-01-01

In May 2009, three senior financial leaders in higher education--Laurie G. Antolovic, Albert G. Horvath, and Margaret F. Plympton--participated in a panel session, moderated by Philip J. Goldstein, at the EDUCAUSE Enterprise Information and Technology Conference. The three also shared their thoughts in an audio interview conducted by Gerry Bayne,…

A Blueprint for Big Broadband. An EDUCAUSE White Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Windhausen, John, Jr.

2008-01-01

This white paper proposes bringing the federal government, state governments, and the private sector together as part of a new approach to making high-speed Internet services available across the country. It proposes the creation of a new federal Universal Broadband Fund (UBF) that, together with matching funds from the states and the private…

"At Least One" Way to Add Value to Conferences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Warren J.

2005-01-01

In "EDUCAUSE Quarterly," Volume 25, Number 3, 2002, Joan Getman and Nikki Reynolds published an excellent article about getting the most from a conference. They listed 10 strategies that a conference attendee could use to maximize the conference's yield in information and motivation: (1) Plan ahead; (2) Set realistic expectations; (3) Use e-mail…

Guidelines for Making Web Content Accessible to All Users

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Terrill; Primlani, Saroj; Fiedor, Lisa

2009-01-01

The main goal of accessibility standards and guidelines is to design websites everyone can use. The "IT Accessibility Constituent Group" developed this set of draft guidelines to help EQ authors, reviewers, and staff and the larger EDUCAUSE community ensure that web content is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. This…

Responding to Recession: IT Funding and Cost Management in Higher Education. Key Findings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Philip J.

2010-01-01

This document presents the key findings from "Responding to Recession: IT Funding and Cost Management in Higher Education", the 2010 ECAR (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research) study of how the economic recession is impacting information technology (IT) organizations and operations in higher education. The study was designed to address the…

Technology's Role in Learning at a Commuter Campus: The Student Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckenmeyer, Janet A.; Barczyk, Casimir; Hixon, Emily; Zamojski, Heather; Tomory, Annette

2016-01-01

Patterns of technology ownership and usage, as well as skills with and preferences for various technologies, affect the college experience (Educause 2012). Students at a commuter campus of a large Midwestern public university were surveyed about technology and the learning process: 94% of the respondents believed that technology had the potential…

Understanding Responsive Web Design in Higher Education. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bollens, Eric; Rocchio, Rosemary A.; Peterson, Jill Eleanor; Pollack, Brett; Tirpak, Lori; Ward, Christopher Matthew

2014-01-01

This paper is a publication of the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research (ECAR) Mobile Strategy and Application Development (MSAD) Working Group. In higher education, nearly every user interaction that takes place on a desktop or laptop browser is also attempted using phones, tablets, watches, and more. As students, faculty, and staff…

Just in Time Research: Privacy Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grama, Joanna Lyn

2014-01-01

The January 2014 edition of the ECAR Update subscriber newsletter included an informal poll on information privacy practices. The poll was intended to collect a quick snapshot of the higher education community's thoughts on this important topic during Data Privacy Month. Results of the poll will be used to inform EDUCAUSE research, programs,…

Research Data Storage: A Framework for Success. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blair, Douglas; Dawson, Barbara E.; Fary, Michael; Hillegas, Curtis W.; Hopkins, Brian W.; Lyons, Yolanda; McCullough, Heather; McMullen, Donald F.; Owen, Kim; Ratliff, Mark; Williams, Harry

2014-01-01

The EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research Data Management Working Group (ECAR-DM) has created a framework for research data storage as an aid for higher education institutions establishing and evaluating their institution's research data storage efforts. This paper describes areas for consideration and suggests graduated criteria to assist in…

Powering Down: Green IT in Higher Education. Key Findings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheehan, Mark C.

2010-01-01

This document presents the key findings from "Powering Down: Green IT in Higher Education," the 2010 ECAR (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research) study of green IT. The study examines the stance institutions and their central IT organizations are taking on environmental sustainability (ES), the progress they are making on a variety of key…

Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: Six Views

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahon, Ed; McPherson, Michael R.; Vaughan, Joseph; Rowe, Theresa; Pickett, Michael P.; Bielec, John A.

2011-01-01

IT leaders today must not only provide but also decide: which tools and services should they continue to supply, which are better delivered by others, and perhaps most critically, which methods from among the bewildering array of alternative sourcing strategies will best serve their faculty, staff, and students. In 2009, the EDUCAUSE Center for…

Supporting Instructors in Overcoming Self-Efficacy and Background Barriers to Adoption

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Pat

2017-01-01

Most academic technology areas of higher education institutes do not feel faculty technology adoption is adequate (Hartman (EDUCAUSE Rev 43(6), 2008)). Among the barriers to instructional technology adoption are faculty self-efficacy and background. Self-efficacy encompasses the faculty member's belief or confidence in his ability to succeed.…

Study of Faculty and Information Technology, 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahlstrom, Eden; Brooks, D. Christopher

2014-01-01

In this inaugural year of the faculty technology study, EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research (ECAR) partnered with 151 college/university sites yielding responses from 17,451 faculty respondents across 13 countries. The findings are exploratory in nature, as they cover new ground to help us tell a more comprehensive story about technology…

Late-Night Stress on the IT Help Desk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnevale, Dan

2007-01-01

With more and more students--especially those taking online courses--demanding access to technology help at all hours of the day and night, colleges are responding by extending help-desk hours. More than half are open late into the evening, according to a recent survey by Educause, the educational technology consortium, and a few are available…

Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud. ECAR Key Findings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Philip J.

2009-01-01

This document presents the key findings from the 2009 ECAR (EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research) study, "Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud," by Philip J. Goldstein. The study explores a multitude of strategies used by colleges and university information technology organizations to deliver the breadth of technologies…

Interpersonal Consulting Skills among Instructional Technology Consultants at an Institution of Higher Education in the Midwest--A Multiple Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Leusen, Peter

2013-01-01

As new developments in digital technologies rapidly influence our society, higher education organizations are under increasing pressure to utilize new instructional methods and technologies to educate students (Educause, 2005; Phipps & Wellman, 2001; U.S. Department of Education, 2010). The task to integrate these tools into teaching and…

Big Data: Laying the Groundwork. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Almes, Guy T.; Hillegas, Curtis W.; Lance, Timothy; Lynch, Clifford A.; Monaco, Gregory E.; Mundrane, Michael R.; Zottola, Ralph J.

2014-01-01

This paper is part of series of the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research Campus Cyberinfrastructure (ECAR-CCI) Working Group. The topic of big data continues to receive a great deal of publicity because of its promise for opening new avenues of scholarly discovery and commercial opportunity. The ability to sift rapidly through massive amounts…

Big Data in the Campus Landscape: Curation. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Clifford A.

2015-01-01

This paper is part of series of the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research Campus Cyberinfrastructure (ECAR-CCI) Working Group. The topic of big data continues to receive a great deal of publicity because of its promise for opening new avenues of scholarly discovery and commercial opportunity. The ability to sift rapidly through massive amounts…

Entering the Interaction Age: Implementing a Future Vision for Campus Learning Spaces...Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milne, Andrew J.

2007-01-01

Learning space design for higher education has become a popular topic of discussion as institutions attempt to chart a course for the future of their campuses. Several authors in EDUCAUSE publications have forecast the future for such spaces, a future infused with new and sometimes exotic-sounding technologies. Indeed, some discussions in the…

A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Uses and Perceptions of Technology in Education among Turkish and US Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tekinarslan, Erkan; Kennedy, Eugene; Nicolle, Pamela S.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences and similarities among United States (US) and Turkish university students in technology ownership, uses of technology for academic purposes, perceived importance of technology, and preferences for technology in education. The EDUCAUSE Center for Analytics and Research (ECAR) undergraduate…

Big Data in the Campus Landscape: Basic Infrastructure Support. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Almes, Guy T.; Zottola, Ralph J.

2014-01-01

This paper is part of series of the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research Campus Cyberinfrastructure (ECAR-CCI) Working Group. The topic of big data continues to receive a great deal of publicity because of its promise for opening new avenues of scholarly discovery and commercial opportunity. The ability to sift rapidly through massive amounts…

Factors Related to the Adoption of IT Emerging Technologies by Research and Non-Research Based Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Then, Keri Ann; Amaria, Pesi

2013-01-01

This study examined the adoption of information technology (IT) emerging technology by higher education institutions with a focus on non-research and research based institutions categorized by Carnegie Mellon classifications that are members of EDUCAUSE, a higher education non-profit organization, whose mission is the use of IT in higher…

Big Data in the Campus Landscape: Security and Privacy. ECAR Working Group Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, William; Corn, Mike; Hillegas, Curt; Wada, Kent

2015-01-01

This paper is part of series of the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research Campus Cyberinfrastructure (ECAR-CCI) Working Group. The topic of big data continues to receive a great deal of publicity because of its promise for opening new avenues of scholarly discovery and commercial opportunity. The ability to sift rapidly through massive amounts…

Understanding Faculty Use of the Learning Management System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhode, Jason; Richter, Stephanie; Gowen, Peter; Miller, Tracy; Wills, Cameron

2017-01-01

The learning management system (LMS) has become a critical tool for nearly all institutions of higher education, and a driving force in online learning. According to a 2014 report by the Educause Center for Analysis and Research, 99% of higher education institutions have an LMS in place, and the LMS is used by 85% of faculty and 83% of students.…

Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Learning: Leading and Supporting the Transformation on Your Campus. EDUCAUSE Leadership Strategies. The Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barone, Carole A., Ed.; Hagner, Paul R., Ed.

This book offers academic leaders advice to help their institutions initiate, implement, and manage the transformation to technology-enhanced teaching and learning in order to become Internet-based communication and learning environments. The book contains the following chapters: (1) "Engaging the Faculty" (Paul R. Hagner and Charles A.…

The Myth about CIOs "If We Could just Find a Good CIO, These Problems Would Go Away"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Brian L .; Oblinger, Diana G.

2005-01-01

Have you ever heard, "If we could just find a good CIO, these problems would go away"? Certainly, having a strong and wise leader at the top of the IT organization is important; however, having such a person is not sufficient to effectively integrate IT into a key part of the institutional strategy. In a number of recent EDUCAUSE Review articles,…

Saudi Arabias Implementation of Soft Power Policy to Confront Irans Obvious Threats

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

OBVIOUS THREATS Abdullah Khuliyf A. Alanazi Colonel, Saudi Arabia National Guard B.S., King Khalid Military College, 1993 Submitted in partial...inevitably growing power, particularly in the Persian Gulf, and throughout the Middle East. Such a situation advocates utilizing soft power as a new...www.educause.edu/ir/library/ pdf /ffpiu043. pdf , 34. 2 Giulio Gallarotti and Isam Yahia Al-Filali, “Saudi Arabia’s Soft Power.” International Studies 49

Harnessing the power of mobile technologies for collaborating, crowdsourcing, and creating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crompton, H.

2015-12-01

Today's digital technologies can have a powerful influence on teaching and learning. M-learning and u-learning in particular are changing pedagogical practice. Sub categories are rapidly emerging, such as context-aware ubiquitous learning, that involve students learning subject content while immersed in authentic and relevant surroundings. Learning cultures are a nebulous blend of traditions, values, beliefs, and rituals built up over time. For a long time, education has long been conceived as classroom-based and predominantly sedentary (Merchant, 2012). Recent mobile technologies are disrupting this culture in favor of learning that is contextualized, personalized, on demand, and ubiquitous (Crompton, 2013). 21st century students are a different breed than past generations (Prensky, 2001). These students have grown up in a time that has not only altered their perceptions and practices but modified the wiring of the brain through neuroplasticity (Crompton, 2012). Students now cognitively receive information quickly through non-linear methods (Gross, 2003, Oblinger & Oblinger, 2005). They think differently. They also seem to be attached to mobile devices 24/7, although the content of the lesson does not match what they seem to be doing on the mobile devices. This presentation will showcase how to get your students to harness the power of mobile devices for educational purposes. For example, students in your classes will be using devices to collaborate on activities with Google Forms, crowdsourcing the best class questions in Slido, and screencasting thoughts and ideas to share with others with Educreations. These are examples of free apps or Web 2.0 tools that can be used on all the major mobile platforms. Crompton, H. (2013). Mobile learning: New approach, new theory. In Z. L. Berge & L. Y. Muilenburg (Eds.), Handbook of mobile learning (pp. 47-57). Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. Mcb University Press, 9(5). Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. EDUCAUSE http://www.educause.edu/educatingthenetgen Merchant, G. (2012). Mobile practices in everyday life: Popular digital technologies and schooling revisited. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(5), 770-782.

77 FR 58510 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

... various population groups. A prime statistic of interest is the classification of people in poverty and... Information Collection; Comment Request; Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic... conducted this supplement annually for over 50 years. The Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics...

77 FR 48540 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Semi...

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2012-08-14

... of a Currently Approved Collection; Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Sexual Assault Services...-Annual Progress Report for Grantees from the Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Sexual Assault Services... assistance for adult, youth, and child victims of sexual assault, family and household members of victims...

77 FR 39678 - Census Bureau

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

... Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement Content Test AGENCY: U.S. Census Bureau...) and instructions should be directed to Brian O'Hara, Social and Economic Housing Statistics Division... INFORMATION: I. Abstract The Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic [[Page 39679...

2016 Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) - Webinar Presentation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cole, Wesley; Kurup, Parthiv; Hand, Maureen

2016-09-13

This deck was presented for the 2016 Annual Technology Baseline Webinar. The presentation describes the Annual Technology Baseline, which is a compilation of current and future cost and performance data for electricity generation technologies.

77 FR 67668 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of a Currently Approved Collection: Semi...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-13

... of a Currently Approved Collection: Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Sexual Assault Services...-Annual Progress Report for Grantees from the Sexual Assault Services Program--Grants to Culturally... sustainable sexual assault services provided by culturally specific organizations, which are uniquely situated...

CASE Annual Fund Ideas. The Best of CASE Currents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Virginia L., Ed.

Fund raising ideas for colleges and universities are compiled in a handbook of articles from "CASE Currents." The first section discusses the annual fund drive in such articles as: "Start that Habit Early--Senior Giving '5X'" (Lynn Segall); "Join Hands with Lost Friends" (Jeanne Knoerle); "Match Those…

78 FR 66953 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Annual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-07

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0003] Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Annual Progress Report for the STOP Formula Grants Program ACTION: 60-Day notice. The Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) will be [[Page 66954

A manpower calculus: the implications of SUO fellowship expansion on oncologic surgeon case volumes.

PubMed

See, William A

2014-01-01

Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO)-accredited fellowship programs have undergone substantial expansion. This study developed a mathematical model to estimate future changes in urologic oncologic surgeon (UOS) manpower and analyzed the effect of those changes on per-UOS case volumes. SUO fellowship program directors were queried as to the number of positions available on an annual basis. Current US UOS manpower was estimated from the SUO membership list. Future manpower was estimated on an annual basis by linear senescence of existing manpower combined with linear growth of newly trained surgeons. Case-volume estimates for the 4 surgical disease sites (prostate, kidney/renal pelvis, bladder, and testes) were obtained from the literature. The future number of major cases was determined from current volumes based upon the US population growth rates and the historic average annual change in disease incidence. Two models were used to predict future per-UOS major case volumes. Model 1 assumed the current distribution of cases between nononcologic surgeons and UOS would continue. Model 2 assumed a progressive redistribution of cases over time such that in 2043 100% of major urologic cancer cases would be performed by UOSs. Over the 30-year period to "manpower steady-state" SUO-accredited UOSs practicing in the United States have the potential to increase from approximately 600 currently to 1,650 in 2043. During this interval, case volumes are predicted to change 0.97-, 2.4-, 1.1-, and 1.5-fold for prostatectomy, nephrectomy, cystectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, respectively. The ratio of future to current total annual case volumes is predicted to be 0.47 and 0.9 for models 1 and 2, respectively. The number of annual US practicing graduates necessary to achieve a future to current case-volume ratio greater than 1 is 25 and 49 in models 1 and 2, respectively. The current number of SUO fellowship trainees has the potential to decrease future per-UOS case volumes relative to current levels. Redistribution of existing case volume or a decrease in the annual number of trainees or both would be required to insure sufficient surgical volumes for skill maintenance and optimal patient outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc.

76 FR 68786 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Annual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0003] Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Annual Progress Report for the STOP Formula Grants Program ACTION: 60-Day notice of information collection under review. The Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) will be submitting the...

78 FR 54622 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Current Population Survey, Annual Social and...

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2013-09-05

... Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement AGENCY: U.S. Census Bureau, Commerce. ACTION: Notice... (ASEC) to be conducted in conjunction with the February, March, and April Current Population Survey (CPS...), and the need to modernize this survey to take advantage of computer assisted interviewing (CAI...

76 FR 78146 - Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List; and Implementation of Entity List Annual Review...

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2011-12-16

... of the annual review, and revises the entry concerning one person located in Malaysia to add an... Entity List. This rule implements the results of the annual review for entities located in Malaysia... during the annual review, this rule amends one entry currently on the Entity List under Malaysia by...

Current and Future Applications of Mechanical Fasteners for Light-Frame Wood Structures: Proceedings of Mechanical Fasteners Plenary Session at the Forest Products Research Society Annual Meeting

Treesearch

Leslie H. Groom; [Compiler

1993-01-01

The title of this publication-"Current and Future Applications of Mechanical Fasteners for Light-Frame Wood Structures" is the theme of this plenary session from the 1991 annual meeting of the Forest Products Research Society (FPRS). This theme was chosen to address current issues in the forest products industry: changing design codes, fastener performance,...

Weight distribution in the current annual twigs of barclay willow.

Treesearch

John F. Thilenius

1988-01-01

The current annual twigs of unbrowsed Barclay willow (Salix barclayi Anderss.) grow as gently tapering cylinders. Consequently, the distal half of the twig has only 33 to 41 percent of the total weight. Longer twigs have proportionally less weight in the distal end. The total weight of an unbrowsed twig can be estimated by simple regression of...

78 FR 19409 - Annual Charge Filing Procedures for Natural Gas Pipelines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-01

...; Order No. 776] Annual Charge Filing Procedures for Natural Gas Pipelines AGENCY: Federal Energy... Commission (Commission or FERC) is amending its regulations to revise the filing requirements for natural gas...) clause. Currently, natural gas pipelines utilizing an ACA clause must make an annual tariff filing to...

Prefire (preemptive) management to decrease fire-induced bunchgrass mortality and reduce reliance on postfire seeding

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Western rangelands are currently under severe threat from exotic annual grasses. To successfully manage rangelands that are either infested with or susceptible to exotic annual grasses, we must focus on increasing resilience to disturbance and resistance to exotic annual grass invasion. Here, we p...

24 CFR 92.203 - Income determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accordance with § 92.252(h): (i) Examine the source documents evidencing annual income (e.g., wage statement... annual income; or alternatively, the statement must indicate the current dollar limit for very low- or low-income families for the family size of the tenant and state that the tenant's annual income does...

Annual forest inventory: cornerstone of sustainability in the South

Treesearch

Gregory A. Reams; Francis A. Roesch; Noel D. Cost

1999-01-01

With many competing uses and large regional shifts in forestland use, the sustainability of southern forests is being questioned. The new Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) is being implemented to address regional, State, and national questions regarding past, current, and projected changes in the southern forest. The annual inventory system will provide...

Analysis of conifer mortality in Colorado using Forest Inventory and Analysis's annual forest inventory

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson

2009-01-01

Aerial detection surveys indicate that widespread conifer mortality has been steadily increasing in Colorado, particularly since 2002. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory system began in Colorado in 2002, which coincided with the onset of elevated conifer mortality rates. The current mortality event coupled with collection of 6 years of annual...

Annual losses from disease in Pacific Northwest forests.

Treesearch

T.W Childs; K.R. Shea

1967-01-01

This report presents current estimates of annual disease impact on forest productivity of Oregon and Washington. It is concerned exclusively with losses of timber volumes and of potential timber growth in today's forests.Annual loss from disease in this region is estimated at 3,133 million board feet or 403 million cubic feet. This is about 13 percent...

15 CFR 806.14 - U.S. direct investment abroad.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... annual data after the close of the year in question, the test shall be whether any one of the three items... survey, which requests actual data for the past year and/or annual projections for the current and..., reports are required for each quarter of a year in which the annual amount of these items exceeds or can...

43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

78 FR 36117 - Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Annual Specifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... regulations require NMFS to set these annual catch levels for the Pacific sardine fishery based on the annual... HG, the primary management target for the fishery, for the current fishing season. The HG is based... Fisheries Science Center and the resulting Pacific sardine biomass estimate of 659,539 mt. Based on the...

The Somali current at the equator: annual cycle of currents and transports in the upper 1000 m and connection to neighbouring latitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schott, Friedrich; Swallow, John C.; Fieux, Michèle

1990-12-01

Current measurements were obtained with moored stations during October 1984 to October 1986 in two consecutive deployments across the Somali Current on the equator. For the transport calculations the deficiency of conventional subsurface moorings, i.e. no data from close to the surface, had to be overcome using the historical ship drift climatology. While the current structure during the summer monsoon is that typical of a western boundary current, the profile in winter is far from being a weaker southward reverse of the summer situation. Below a thin surface layer of southward flow, there is a northward undercurrent between about 120 and 400 m depth. Below that, the flow reverses again to southward. This results in drastic differences in cross-equatorial monsoon season transports. While the summer mean transport is 21 Sv for the upper 500 m, the winter monsoon mean for that depth range is close to zero. The annual mean transport in the upper 500 m is 10 Sv northward. Very little transport is measured in the 500-1000 m depth range in either season or the annual mean. The almost closed mass budget of the boundary current system during the winter circulation allows a calculation of cross-equatorial heat transport, which comes out to -3 × 10 14 W (southward) for the northeast monsoon season mean. The heat flux associated with the annually varying part of the boundary current is small, only about -0.3 × 10 14 W or about 5% of the total cross-equatorial heat flux as estimated by other methods. By combining the equatorial measurements with earlier off-equatorial current observations, particularly at 2°-4°S and 5°N, and with property distributions (salinity and oxygen) on isopycnal surfaces, analysed from the historical data file, a synopsis of the seasonal circulation changes of the entire Somali Current system between about 4°S and 12°N is then derived.

Comparing Apples to Oranges: An Evaluation of Quarter Calendar Data in the Delaware Study of Instructional Costs and Productivity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walters, Allison M.

2009-01-01

Four-year colleges and universities submit faculty teaching load and instructional cost data annually to the Delaware Study of Instructional Costs and Productivity. While the Delaware Study currently adjusts the calculation of annual FTE students to account for the difference in annual student credit hours (SCH) earned by students at semester and…

The use of multiple imputation in the Southern Annual Forest Inventory System

Treesearch

Gregory A. Reams; Joseph M. McCollum

2000-01-01

The Southern Research Station is currently implementing an annual forest survey in 7 of the 13 States that it is responsible for surveying. The Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) sampling design is a systematic sample of five interpenetrating grids, whereby an equal number of plots are measured each year. The area-representative and time-series...

The use of multiple imputation in the Southern Annual Forest Inventory System

Treesearch

Gregory A. Reams; Joseph M. McCollum

2000-01-01

The Southern Research Station is currently implementing an annual forest survey in 7 of the 13 states that it is responsible for surveying. The Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) sampling design is a systematic sample of five interpenetrating grids, whereby an equal number of plots are measured each year. The area representative and time series nature of...

Discounting Report, 2012: Growth in Discounting Slows as Economy Improves. Ninth Annual Comparative Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noel-Levitz, Inc, 2012

2012-01-01

This annual report summarizes the previous fall's outcomes and long-term trends for a sizable sample of private colleges and universities across the United States. The report is based on the annually aggregated freshman data of institutions that are currently partnering with Noel-Levitz to strategically manage more than $2 billion in institutional…

77 FR 58861 - Renewal of Agency Information Collection for Tribal Colleges and Universities Annual Report Form

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... information collection is currently authorized by OMB Control Number 1076-0105, which expires September 30.... Data OMB Control Number: 1076-0105. Title: Tribal Colleges and Universities Annual Report Form, 25 CFR...

Navigating Currents and Charting Directions. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (31st, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, June 28-July 1, 2008). Volumes 1 and 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goos, Merrilyn, Ed.; Brown, Ray, Ed.; Makar, Katie, Ed.

2008-01-01

This document presents the proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA). The theme of this conference is "Navigating Currents and Charting Directions." The theme reminds us that, although we are constantly pushed to account for the quality and impact of our research, we…

Annual Report to Congress: Federal Alternative Motor Fuels Programs (4th : 1995)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-07-01

This annual report to Congress presents the current status of the alternative : fuel programs being conducted across the country in accordance to the : Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988. These programs, which represent the most : comprehensive data...

Intra-annual variability of the radiocarbon content of corals from the Galapagos Islands

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, T.A.; Farwell, G.W.; Schmidt, F.H.

1993-01-01

The authors report AMS [sup 14]C measurements on sub annual samples of coral from the Galapagos Islands that span the period, 1970-1973. Both the major 1972 El Nino/Southern Oscillation event and intra-annual changes in regional upwelling of [sup 14]C-depleted waters associated with alternation of surface-ocean current patterns are evident in the record. These data show that the corals preserve a detailed record of past intra-annual variations of the [sup 14]C content of surface ocean water.

Anomaly detection for analysis of annual inventory data: a quality control approach

Treesearch

Francis A. Roesch; Paul C. Van Deusen

2010-01-01

Annual forest inventories present special challenges and opportunities for those analyzing the data arising from them. Here, we address one question currently being asked by analysts of the US Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s quickly accumulating annual inventory data. The question is simple but profound: When combining the next year’s data for...

Turf-type and early maturing annual ryegrass to establish perennial vegetation : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is not currently recommended by TxDOT as a roadside re-vegetation nurse crop because its late maturity and height are too competitive for establishing perennial or spring plant mixtures. Two available genotypes us...

Greenhouse effect of chlorofluorocarbons and other trace gases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, James; Lacis, Andrew; Prather, Michael

1989-01-01

A comparison is made of the radiative (greenhouse) forcing of the climate system due to changes of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons and other trace gases. It is found that CFCs, defined to include chlorofluorocarbons, chlorocarbons, and fluorocarbons, now provide about one-quater of current annual increases in anthropogenic greenhouse climate forcing. If the growth rates of CFC production in the early 1970s had continued to the present, current annual growth of climate forcing due to CFCs would exceed that due to CO2.

Ocean Color and the Equatorial Annual Cycle in the Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammann, A. C.; Gnanadesikan, A.

2012-12-01

The presence of chlorophyll, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and other scatterers in ocean surface waters affect the flux divergence of solar radiation and thus the vertical distribution of radiant heating of the ocean. While this may directly alter the local mixed-layer depth and temperature (Martin 1985; Strutton & Chavez 2004), non-local changes are propagated through advection (Manizza et al. 2005; Murtugudde et al. 2002; Nakamoto et al. 2001; Sweeny et al. 2005). In and coupled feedbacks (Lengaigne et al. 2007; Marzeion & Timmermann 2005). Anderson et al. (2007), Anderson et al. (2009) and Gnanadesikan & Anderson (2009) have performed a series of experiments with a fully coupled climate model which parameterizes the e-folding depth of solar irradiance in terms of surface chlorophyll-a concentration. The results have so far been discussed with respect to the climatic mean state and ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific. We extend the discussion here to the Pacific equatorial annual cycle. The focus of the coupled experiments has been the sensitivity of the coupled system to regional differences in chlorophyll concentration. While runs have been completed with realistic SeaWiFS-derived monthly composite chlorophyll ('green') and with a globally chlorophyll-free ocean ('blue'), the concentrations in two additional runs have been selectively set to zero in specific regions: the oligotrophic subtropical gyres ('gyre') in one case and the mesotrophic gyre margins ('margin') in the other. The annual cycle of ocean temperatures exhibits distinctly reduced amplitudes in the 'blue' and 'margin' experiments, and a slight reduction in 'gyre' (while ENSO variability almost vanishes in 'blue' and 'gyre', but amplifies in 'margin' - thus the frequently quoted inverse correlation between ENSO and annual amplitudes holds only for the 'green' / 'margin' comparison). It is well-known that on annual time scales, the anomalous divergence of surface currents and vertical upwelling acting on a mean temperature field contribute the largest term to SST variability (Köberle & Philander 1994; Li & Philander 1996). We examine whether it is changes in the surface currents (driven by the annual cycle of winds) or changes in the mean temperature fields (driven by enhanced penetration of solar radiation) that drive the differences between the coupled models. We do this using a simple linear equatorial-wave model, which, when forced with an annual harmonic of wind stresses, reproduces the essential characteristics of annual ocean current anomalies. The model solves the linearized Boussinesq equations by expansion into discrete modes in all spatial dimensions (McCreary 1981; Lighthill 1969). Both the wind forcing and the (laterally homogeneous) background density profile are constructed as approximations to the coupled model fields. The annual perturbation currents from the wave model are then used to advect the mean temperature fields from the coupled model experiments. While the difference in the mean stratification explains the difference between the 'green' and 'blue' cases. For the other two cases, it appears that changes in the annual wind fields need also be taken into account. An initial hypothesis is that the hemispheric asymmetry in the annual amplitude of wind stress curl that is most important in setting the amplitude of the annual cycle on the equator.

Economic analysis of the future growth of cosmetic surgery procedures.

PubMed

Liu, Tom S; Miller, Timothy A

2008-06-01

The economic growth of cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical procedures has been tremendous. Between 1992 and 2005, annual U.S. cosmetic surgery volume increased by 725 percent, with over $10 billion spent in 2005. It is unknown whether this growth will continue for the next decade and, if so, what impact it will it have on the plastic surgeon workforce. The authors analyzed annual U.S. cosmetic surgery procedure volume reported by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Statistics between 1992 and 2005. Reconstructive plastic surgery volume was not included in the analysis. The authors analyzed the ability of economic and noneconomic variables to predict annual cosmetic surgery volume. The authors also used growth rate analyses to construct models with which to predict the future growth of cosmetic surgery. None of the economic and noneconomic variables were a significant predictor of annual cosmetic surgery volume. Instead, based on current compound annual growth rates, the authors predict that total cosmetic surgery volume (surgical and nonsurgical) will exceed 55 million annual procedures by 2015. ASPS members are projected to perform 299 surgical and 2165 nonsurgical annual procedures. Non-ASPS members are projected to perform 39 surgical and 1448 nonsurgical annual procedures. If current growth rates continue into the next decade, the future demand in cosmetic surgery will be driven largely by nonsurgical procedures. The growth of surgical procedures will be met by ASPS members. However, meeting the projected growth in nonsurgical procedures could be a potential challenge and a potential area for increased competition.

77 FR 71574 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request The Department of Commerce will....S. Census Bureau. Title: Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement. OMB... review is to obtain clearance for the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC), which we will conduct...

History of Higher Education Annual, 1989.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

History of Higher Education Annual, 1989

1989-01-01

This annual compilation contains four articles addressing issues of growth and diversity in American higher education. Three articles examine student life in evolving institutions, especially the relationship between official missions and student cultures, followed by two essay reviews, one that examines the current debate surrounding the history…

Summaries of the Sixth Annual JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop. Volume 2; AIRSAR Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Yun-Jin (Editor)

1996-01-01

The Sixth Annual JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop, held in Pasadena, California, on March 4-8, 1996, was divided into two smaller workshops:(1) The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) workshop, and The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) workshop. This current paper, Volume 2 of the Summaries of the Sixth Annual JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop, presents the summaries for The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) workshop.

456 Hours to Train the Reserve Component: Analysis of the Impact of Increased Annual Training Requirements on 4th Assault Amphibian Battalion

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

contends with to accomplish annual general military training requirements and mission essential tasks. Currently, there are 18 annual general military...training model that can be used to improve training effectiveness and efficiency. We believe that adjusting how reserve units conduct 11 of the 18 ...PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18 . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Unclassified 19. SECURITY

Depth of origin of ocean-circulation-induced magnetic signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Irrgang, Christopher; Saynisch-Wagner, Jan; Thomas, Maik

2018-01-01

As the world ocean moves through the ambient geomagnetic core field, electric currents are generated in the entire ocean basin. These oceanic electric currents induce weak magnetic signals that are principally observable outside of the ocean and allow inferences about large-scale oceanic transports of water, heat, and salinity. The ocean-induced magnetic field is an integral quantity and, to first order, it is proportional to depth-integrated and conductivity-weighted ocean currents. However, the specific contribution of oceanic transports at different depths to the motional induction process remains unclear and is examined in this study. We show that large-scale motional induction due to the general ocean circulation is dominantly generated by ocean currents in the upper 2000 m of the ocean basin. In particular, our findings allow relating regional patterns of the oceanic magnetic field to corresponding oceanic transports at different depths. Ocean currents below 3000 m, in contrast, only contribute a small fraction to the ocean-induced magnetic signal strength with values up to 0.2 nT at sea surface and less than 0.1 nT at the Swarm satellite altitude. Thereby, potential satellite observations of ocean-circulation-induced magnetic signals are found to be likely insensitive to deep ocean currents. Furthermore, it is shown that annual temporal variations of the ocean-induced magnetic field in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current contain information about sub-surface ocean currents below 1000 m with intra-annual periods. Specifically, ocean currents with sub-monthly periods dominate the annual temporal variability of the ocean-induced magnetic field.

Cardiovascular disease mortality in the Americas: current trends and disparities.

PubMed

de Fatima Marinho de Souza, Maria; Gawryszewski, Vilma Pinheiro; Orduñez, Pedro; Sanhueza, Antonio; Espinal, Marcos A

2012-08-01

To describe the current situation and trends in mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Americas and explore their association with economic indicators. This time series study analysed mortality data from 21 countries in the region of the Americas from 2000 to the latest available year. Age-adjusted death rates, annual variation in death rates. Regression analysis was used to estimate the annual variation and the association between age-adjusted rates and country income. Currently, CVD comprised 33.7% of all deaths in the Americas. Rates were higher in Guyana (292/100 000), Trinidad and Tobago (289/100 000) and Venezuela (246/100 000), and lower in Canada (108/100 000), Puerto Rico (121/100 000) and Chile (125/100 000). Male rates were higher than female rates in all countries. The trend analysis showed that CVD death rates in the Americas declined -19% overall (-20% among women and -18% among men). Most countries had a significant annual decline, except Guatemala, Guyana, Suriname, Paraguay and Panama. The largest annual declines were observed in Canada (-4.8%), the USA (-3.9%) and Puerto Rico (-3.6%). Minor declines were in Mexico (-0.8%) and Cuba (-1.1%). Compared with high-income countries the difference between the median of death rates in lower middle-income countries was 56.7% higher and between upper middle-income countries was 20.6% higher. CVD death rates have been decreasing in most countries in the Americas. Considerable disparities still remain in the current rates and trends.

An Annual Cycle Of Currents Around Tsushima Island And Resulting Inflow Conditions In The Sea Of Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perkins, H.; Teague, W. J.; Chang, K.-I.; Suk, M.-S.; Lee, J.-C.; Book, J. W.; Jacobs, G. A.

A ten-month long time series of current measurements has been made on two sections across Korea/Tsushima Strait, thus revealing most of an annual cycle of the Tsushima Current that flows into the Japan/East Sea. One section is southwest, the other north- east, of Tsushima Island, giving respectively conditions upstream and downstream of the Island. Along the bathymetric slope upstream of the Island, the current consists of a single, broad stream concentrated in mid-channel. Downstream, this single core is found to have separated into two branches, one on each of the Strait. Between these two near-coastal streams, in the apparent wake of the Island, currents are variable and lack a well-defined mean. This separation persisted during all seasons despite vari- ation in total transport by a factor of two, from 3.5 Sv in October 1999 to 1.7 Sv in January 2000, and despite changes from maximum to minimum stratification. Both branches of the divided current were stronger during high transport and weaker during low transport, but since each branch was measured by only one or two moorings, trans- port estimates for the separate branches are not available. Strongest currents occurred at the surface close to the Korean coast near Ulsan in early fall with low-pass surface currents reaching 90 cm/s during October and November. Farther downstream, outside the measurement area, the two branches define the inflow to the Japan/East Sea. The branch along the Japanese coast remains close to the coast. It undergoes strong annual variability but is steady on shorter time scales. The Korean branch of the current also undergoes strong annual changes but experiences very strong variability, especially in winter. This branch is thought to switch between two paths. The first parallels the Ko- rean coast; the second follows bathymetric contours that lead it back to the Japanese coast. A mechanism for switching between these paths is provided by vorticity asso- ciated with bottom intrusions of cold water in the area. Seasonal variations of flow into the Japan Sea thus depend on the interplay between seasonal variations around Tsushima Island and intrusions of cold bottom water.

77 FR 1508 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-10

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0006] Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension... Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention Department of Justice Desk Officer... hour to complete a semi-annual progress report. The semi-annual progress report is divided into...

Elephant overflows: Multi-annual variability in Weddell Sea Deep Water driven by surface forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meijers, Andrew; Meredith, Michael; Abrahamsen, Povl; Naviera-Garabato, Alberto; Ángel Morales Maqueda, Miguel; Polzin, Kurt

2015-04-01

The volume of the deepest and densest water mass in Drake Passage, Lower Weddell Sea Deep Water (LWSDW), is shown to have been decreasing over the last 20 years of observations, with an associated reduction in density driven by freshening. Superimposed on this long term trend is a multi-annual oscillation with a period of 3-5 years. This variability only appears in Drake Passage; observations in the east of the Scotia Sea show a similar long term trend, but with no apparent multi-annual variability. Clues as to the source of this variability may be found on the continental slope at approximately 1000 m immediately north of Elephant Island on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Here there is an intermittent westward flowing cold/fresh slope current whose volume and properties are strongly correlated with the LWSDW multi-annual variability, although leading the LWSDW by around one year. As the slope current and LWSDW are separated from each other both geographically and in water mass characteristics, their co-variability implies that they are responding to a common forcing, while the lag between deep LWSDW and shallow slope current provides information on the timescale of this response. A newly available high resolution temperature and salinity multi-year time series from the Elephant Island slope at 1000 m is compared with reanalysis and model derived surface fluxes, sea ice extent and wind stress. We find that there are strong positive relationships between the surface wind stress and heat flux over the shelf at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and the properties of the slope current at 1000 m on seasonal to annual timescales. We use tracer release experiments in the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) model to investigate the lag between the slope current and LWSDW timeseries and hypothesise that the observed multi-annual variability in both water masses is driven by surface forcing over the shelf and the overflow of modified water from the slope in the north-west Weddell Sea. The lag observed between the two time series is due to the difference in water mass paths to the observation points in Drake Passage. We discuss the role of atmospheric modes of variability such as ENSO and SAM, as well as climate trends, on this relationship and their potential impact on future LWSDW export.

An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yamazaki, Y.; Yumoto, K.; Cardinal, M.G.; Fraser, B.J.; Hattori, P.; Kakinami, Y.; Liu, J.Y.; Lynn, K.J.W.; Marshall, R.; McNamara, D.; Nagatsuma, T.; Nikiforov, V.M.; Otadoy, R.E.; Ruhimat, M.; Shevtsov, B.M.; Shiokawa, K.; Abe, S.; Uozumi, T.; Yoshikawa, A.

2011-01-01

An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation has been constructed based on geomagnetic data obtained from 21 stations along the 210 Magnetic Meridian of the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN) from 1996 to 2007. Using the least squares fitting method for geomagnetically quiet days (Kp ??? 2+), the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation at each station was described as a function of solar activity SA, day of year DOY, lunar age LA, and local time LT. After interpolation in latitude, the model can describe solar-activity dependence and seasonal dependence of solar quiet daily variations (S) and lunar quiet daily variations (L). We performed a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) on these S and L variations to examine average characteristics of the equivalent external current systems. We found three particularly noteworthy results. First, the total current intensity of the S current system is largely controlled by solar activity while its focus position is not significantly affected by solar activity. Second, we found that seasonal variations of the S current intensity exhibit north-south asymmetry; the current intensity of the northern vortex shows a prominent annual variation while the southern vortex shows a clear semi-annual variation as well as annual variation. Thirdly, we found that the total intensity of the L current system changes depending on solar activity and season; seasonal variations of the L current intensity show an enhancement during the December solstice, independent of the level of solar activity. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

77 FR 63324 - Notice of Certain Operating Cost Adjustment Factors for 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

...: Energy Information Agency, Natural Gas, Residential Energy Price, 2010-2011 annual prices in dollars per.... The best current price data sources for the nine cost categories were used in calculating annual change factors. State-level data for fuel oil, electricity, and natural gas from Department of Energy...

Annual Editions: Early Childhood Education 06/07

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paciorek, Karen Menke, Ed.

2006-01-01

This 27th edition of "Annual Editions: Early Childhood Education" provides convenient, inexpensive access to current articles selected from the best of the public press. Organizational features include: an annotated listing of selected World Wide Web sites; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide; a general introduction; brief overviews for…

76 FR 11277 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-01

...- Annual Progress Report for Grantees From the Grants To Support Tribal Domestic Violence and Sexual...-Annual Progress Report for Grantees from the Grants to Support Tribal Domestic Violence and Sexual... development and operation of new or existing nonprofit tribal domestic violence and sexual assault coalitions...

Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 23: Water; Atmospheric Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.

Standards for water and atmospheric analysis are compiled in this segment, Part 23, of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) annual book of standards. It contains all current formally approved ASTM standard and tentative test methods, definitions, recommended practices, proposed methods, classifications, and specifications. One…

77 FR 65508 - Annual Charge Filing Procedures for Natural Gas Pipelines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-29

...] Annual Charge Filing Procedures for Natural Gas Pipelines AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission... FERC) is proposing to amend its regulations to revise the filing requirements for natural gas pipelines...) clause. Currently, natural gas pipelines utilizing an ACA clause must make a tariff filing to reflect a...

78 FR 45071 - Annual Report for Mobility Fund Phase I Support and Record Retention

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

... for Mobility Fund Phase I Support and Record Retention AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission... information collection associated with the Commission's Annual Report for Mobility Fund Phase I Support and... or sponsor a collection of information unless it displays a current, valid OMB Control Number. No...

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Volume 5, 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Robert B., Ed.

This volume of the annual review includes introductory remarks by G. Richard Tucker and these papers: "Current Issues in Bilingualism: An Update of Directions in Research" (Braj B. Kachru); "Psycholinguistics: Application. The Writing System as a Native Language for the Deaf" (Danny D. Steinberg); "Sociolinguistics: Theory" (Monica Heller);…

30 CFR 870.21 - Late payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Government. The Treasury current value of funds rate is published annually in the Federal Register and on... fees and interest. (c) When a reclamation fee debt is more than 91 days overdue, a 6 percent annual... fee was owed are subject to interest. Late reclamation fee payments are subject to interest at the...

78 FR 58557 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-24

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0024] Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension... Office of Management and Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention Department of...) approximately one hour to complete a semi-annual progress report. The semi-annual progress report is divided...

77 FR 63339 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0022] Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension..., Attention Department of Justice Desk Officer, Washington, DC 20503. Additionally, comments may be submitted...) approximately one hour to complete a semi-annual progress report. The semi-annual progress report is divided...

ARL Annual Salary Survey 2003-04

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp.; Young, Mark, Comp.

2004-01-01

The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Annual Salary Survey 2003-04 reports salary data for all professional staff working in Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries. It is the most comprehensive and thorough guide to current salaries in large U.S. and Canadian academic and research libraries, and is a valuable management and…

The Third Annual Learning Resources Conference Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Caroline, Ed.; Piercy, David R., Ed.

Presented are the proceedings of the Third Annual Learning Resources Conference which deal with current directions in educational services for the severely handicapped. The papers are divided into three topical areas, the authors' names and addresses are supplied, and support material relating to some of the papers and a resource guide are…

Managing Corporate Annual Reports. SPEC Kit 258.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Lisa, Comp.

2000-01-01

The purpose of the survey for this SPEC (Systems and Procedures Exchange Center) Kit was to assess the current print corporate annual report collection practices of ARL (Association of Research Libraries) libraries, describe the effects of these collections, and recommend best practices for preserving these significant historical documents. The…

16 CFR 313.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... refrain from sending any information regarding the customer relationship, and your current privacy notice...) Annual notices only. You may reasonably expect that a customer will receive actual notice of your annual privacy notice if: (1) The customer uses your web site to access financial products and services...

0-6620 : turf-type and early maturing annual ryegrass to establish perennial vegetation : [project summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Annual ryegrass is used as a temporary cool-season plant on roadsides due to its rapid germination and adaptation to a wide range of soil types. It is not currently recommended by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) because its late maturi...

History of Higher Education Annual, 1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

History of Higher Education Annual, 1991

1991-01-01

This annual compilation explores the history of small colleges in five articles that focus on the "uses" of this history in facing current debates concerning institutional directions. A brief introduction by Harold S. Wechsler addresses the role of institutional history for the small college. The first article is "Celebrating Roots:…

Speech Understanding Research. Annual Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Donald E.; And Others

This report is the third in a series of annual reports describing the research performed by Stanford Research Institute to provide the technology that will allow speech understanding systems to be designed and implemented for a variety of different task domains and environmental constraints. The current work is being carried out cooperatively with…

33 CFR 138.240 - Procedure for calculating limit of liability adjustments for inflation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... calculating limit of liability adjustments for inflation. (a) Formula for calculating a cumulative percent... Current Period), using the following escalation formula: Percent change in the Annual CPI-U = [(Annual CPI.... This cumulative percent change value is rounded to one decimal place. (b) Significance threshold. Not...

Report to Congress fourteenth annual report of accomplishments under the Airport Improvement Program : fiscal year 1995

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-12-01

This annual report of the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) for the fiscal year (FY) ending September 30, 1995, is the 14th report of activity required by Section 47131 of Title 49, United States Code. The current grant program, known as the Airport ...

76 FR 27748 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8842

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

..., Public Law 104-13(44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 8842, Election To Use Different Annualization Periods for Corporate Estimated Tax. DATES: Written... Annualization Periods for Corporate Estimated Tax. OMB Number: 1545-1409. Form Number: 8842. Abstract: Form 8842...

Numerical simulation of the observed near-surface East India Coastal Current on the continental slope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, A.; Shankar, D.; Chatterjee, Abhisek; Vinayachandran, P. N.

2018-06-01

We simulate the East India Coastal Current (EICC) using two numerical models (resolution 0.1° × 0.1°), an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) called Modular Ocean Model and a simpler, linear, continuously stratified (LCS) model, and compare the simulated current with observations from moorings equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed on the continental slope in the western Bay of Bengal (BoB). We also carry out numerical experiments to analyse the processes. Both models simulate well the annual cycle of the EICC, but the performance degrades for the intra-annual and intraseasonal components. In a model-resolution experiment, both models (run at a coarser resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°) simulate well the currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO), but the performance of the high-resolution LCS model as well as the coarse-resolution OGCM, which is good in the EICC regime, degrades in the eastern and northern BoB. An experiment on forcing mechanisms shows that the annual EICC is largely forced by the local alongshore winds in the western BoB and remote forcing due to Ekman pumping over the BoB, but forcing from the EIO has a strong impact on the intra-annual EICC. At intraseasonal periods, local (equatorial) forcing dominates in the south (north) because the Kelvin wave propagates equatorward in the western BoB. A stratification experiment with the LCS model shows that changing the background stratification from EIO to BoB leads to a stronger surface EICC owing to strong coupling of higher order vertical modes with wind forcing for the BoB profiles. These high-order modes, which lead to energy propagating down into the ocean in the form of beams, are important only for the current and do not contribute significantly to the sea level.

The Angola Current and its seasonal variability as observed at 11°S

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopte, Robert; Brandt, Peter; Dengler, Marcus; Claus, Martin; Greatbatch, Richard J.

2016-04-01

The eastern boundary circulation off the coast of Angola has been described only sparsely to date. The region off Angola, which connects the equatorial Atlantic and the Angola-Benguela upwelling regime, is of particular interest to understand the relative importance of transient equatorial versus local forcing of the observed variability in the coastal upwelling region. For the first time multi-year velocity observations of the Angola Current at 11°S are available. From July 2013 to November 2015 a bottom shield equipped with an ADCP had been deployed at 500m water depth, accompanied by a mooring sitting on the 1200m-isobath with an ADCP being installed at 500m depth. Both upward-looking instruments measured the current speed up to about 50m below the sea surface. During the deployment period the Angola Current was characterized by a weak southward mean flow of 5-8 cm/s at 50m depth (slightly stronger at the in-shore mooring position), with the southward current penetrating down to about 200m depth. The alongshore velocity component reveals a pronounced seasonal variability. It is dominated by 120-day, semi-annual, and annual oscillations with distinct baroclinic structures. Here we apply a reduced gravity model of the tropical Atlantic for the first five baroclinic modes forced with interannually varying wind stress to investigate the seasonal variability along the equatorial and coastal waveguides. In the equatorial Atlantic the 120-day, semi-annual, and annual oscillations are associated with resonant basin modes of the 1st, 2nd, and 4th baroclinic mode, respectively. These basin modes are composed of equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves as well as coastally trapped waves. The reduced gravity model is further used to study the respective role of the remote equatorial forcing, more specifically the influence of equatorial basin modes via coastally trapped waves, and the local forcing for the observed seasonal variability and associated baroclinic structure of the Angola Current at 11°S.

On the Trend of the Annual Mean, Maximum, and Minimum Temperature and the Diurnal Temperature Range in the Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland, Dataset, 1844 -2012

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

2013-01-01

Examined are the annual averages, 10-year moving averages, decadal averages, and sunspot cycle (SC) length averages of the mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperatures and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) for the Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland, during the interval 1844-2012. Strong upward trends are apparent in the Armagh surface-air temperatures (ASAT), while a strong downward trend is apparent in the DTR, especially when the ASAT data are averaged by decade or over individual SC lengths. The long-term decrease in the decadaland SC-averaged annual DTR occurs because the annual minimum temperatures have risen more quickly than the annual maximum temperatures. Estimates are given for the Armagh annual mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures and the DTR for the current decade (2010-2019) and SC24.

76 FR 50669 - Safety Zones; Eleventh Coast Guard District Annual Fireworks Events

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-16

... occurring, add new unlisted annual fireworks events to the regulations, and standardize the format for all... to be added. In addition, information for those events that continue to occur has changed in some... sections will be updated or added as follows: update with current information existing events, add...

76 FR 30276 - Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Annual Specifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... on formulas applied to current biomass estimates. Conversely, annual biomass estimates are not... sardine biomass estimate of 537,173 mt. When this biomass estimate is applied to the harvest control rule... adoption by the Council as the best available science for the management of Pacific sardine in 2011. Other...

Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): historical and current concepts

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Morbidity, mortality, and loss of productivity from enteric diseases in neonatal piglets cost swine producers millions of dollars annually. In 2013-2014, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak led to $900 million to $1.8 billion in annual losses to US swine producers. Passive lactogeni...

77 FR 52109 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Revision of Currently-Approved Information Collection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... Request: Annual Report of Class I and Class II Motor Carriers of Property AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier.... FMCSA requests approval to revise an ICR entitled, ``Annual Report of Class I and Class II Motor... be addressed to the attention of the Desk Officer, Department of Transportation/Federal Motor Carrier...

25 CFR 1000.90 - What happens if an AFA expires before the effective date of the successor AFA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ACT Annual Funding Agreements for Bureau of Indian... resources are available. During this extension period, the current AFA shall remain in effect, including...

25 CFR 1000.90 - What happens if an AFA expires before the effective date of the successor AFA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ACT Annual Funding Agreements for Bureau of Indian... resources are available. During this extension period, the current AFA shall remain in effect, including...

25 CFR 1000.90 - What happens if an AFA expires before the effective date of the successor AFA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ACT Annual Funding Agreements for Bureau of Indian... resources are available. During this extension period, the current AFA shall remain in effect, including...

25 CFR 1000.90 - What happens if an AFA expires before the effective date of the successor AFA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANNUAL FUNDING AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ACT Annual Funding Agreements for Bureau of Indian... resources are available. During this extension period, the current AFA shall remain in effect, including...

ARL Annual Salary Survey, 2006-07. Revised

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp.; Young, Mark, Comp.

2007-01-01

The "ARL Annual Salary Survey 2006-07" reports salary data for all professional staff working in Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries. It is the most comprehensive and thorough guide to current salaries in large U.S. and Canadian academic and research libraries, and is a valuable management and research tool. Data for 9,824…

ARL Annual Salary Survey 2005-06

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp.; Young, Mark, Comp.

2006-01-01

The "ARL Annual Salary Survey 2005-06" reports salary data for all professional staff working in Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries. It is the most comprehensive and thorough guide to current salaries in large U.S. and Canadian academic and research libraries, and is a valuable management and research tool. Data for 9,655…

ARL Annual Salary Survey 2007-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp; Young, Mar, Comp.; Barber, Jason, Comp.

2008-01-01

The "ARL Annual Salary Survey 2007-2008" reports salary data for all professional staff working in Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries. It is the most comprehensive and thorough guide to current salaries in large U.S. and Canadian academic and research libraries, and is a valuable management and research tool. Data for 9,983…

Using screening level environmental life cycle assessment to aid decision making: A case study of a college annual report

EPA Science Inventory

Purpose – In this study we compare the life cycle environmental impacts of the University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences’ current printed annual report to a version distributed via the Internet. This case study demonstrates how a screening level life cy...

Estimating Uncertainty in Annual Forest Inventory Estimates

Treesearch

Ronald E. McRoberts; Veronica C. Lessard

1999-01-01

The precision of annual forest inventory estimates may be negatively affected by uncertainty from a variety of sources including: (1) sampling error; (2) procedures for updating plots not measured in the current year; and (3) measurement errors. The impact of these sources of uncertainty on final inventory estimates is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation...

76 FR 73017 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

...: Revision of a currently approved collection. Title: Form 1042, Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign Persons; Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding, Form 1042-T, Annual Summary and Transmittal of Forms 1042-S. Forms: 1042, 1042-S, 1042-T. Abstract...

77 FR 64378 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 3520-A

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner. DATES: Written [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With A U.S...

Teacher Supply and Demand in Kansas Public Schools. Twentieth Annual Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tompkins, Loren; Mehring, Teresa A.; Hedstrom, Cora Z.; Switzer, Maggie

This annual report investigates Kansas' current teacher job market. Data came from surveys of superintendents from all 304 unified school districts, special education directors, directors of teacher education programs, and college placement directors. The nine sections are (1) Historical Perspective, (2) Sources of Data, (3) Relevance of Each Data…

Harvard University Program on Technology and Society; Fifth Annual Report, 1968-1969.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesthene, Emmanuel G.

The fifth annual report of Harvard University's Program on Technology and Society describes current research in the Program's major areas of concentration--namely the effects of technological change on the life of the individual in society, social and individual values, the political organization of society, and the structure and processes of…

Children's Defense Fund Annual Report, 1997. Celebrating 25 Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Children's Defense Fund, Washington, DC.

This 25th anniversary annual report of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF) describes the work the organization has done to advocate for and educate the United States about the needs of children. The report begins by identifying the CDF's Board of Directors, Fund Management Team, dedication message from the CDF's current president, and the…

77 FR 59244 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of Currently-Approved Information Collection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-26

...: Class I Motor Carriers of Passengers. Estimated Number of Respondents: 2 (per year). Estimated Time per Response: 18 minutes per response. Expiration Date: September 30, 2012. Frequency of Response: Annually and..., passenger carriers are classified into two groups: (1) Class I carriers are those having average annual...

2017 Annual Technology Baseline (ATB): Cost and Performance Data for Electricity Generation Technologies

DOE Data Explorer

Hand, Maureen; Augustine, Chad; Feldman, David; Kurup, Parthiv; Beiter, Philipp; O'Connor, Patrick

2017-08-21

Each year since 2015, NREL has presented Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) in a spreadsheet that contains detailed cost and performance data (both current and projected) for renewable and conventional technologies. The spreadsheet includes a workbook for each technology. This spreadsheet provides data for the 2017 ATB. In this edition of the ATB, offshore wind power has been updated to include 15 technical resource groups. And, two options are now provided for representing market conditions for project financing, including current market conditions and long-term historical conditions. For more information, see https://atb.nrel.gov/.

2015 Fermilab Laboratory Directed Research & Development Annual Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wester, W.

2016-05-26

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is conducting a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Fiscal year 2015 represents the first full year of LDRD at Fermilab and includes seven projects approved mid-year in FY14 and six projects approved in FY15. One of the seven original projects has been completed just after the beginning of FY15. The implementation of LDRD at Fermilab is captured in the approved Fermilab 2015 LDRD Annual Program Plan. In FY15, the LDRD program represents 0.64% of Laboratory funding. The scope of the LDRD program at Fermilab will be established over the next couple ofmore » years where a portfolio of about 20 on-going projects representing approximately between 1% and 1.5% of the Laboratory funding is anticipated. This Annual Report focuses on the status of the current projects and provides an overview of the current status of LDRD at Fermilab.« less

The indirect costs of ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Malinowski, Krzysztof Piotr; Kawalec, Paweł

2015-04-01

The aim of this systematic review was to collect and summarize all current data on the indirect costs related to absenteeism and presenteeism associated with ankylosing spondylitis. The search was conducted using Medline, Embase and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases. All collected costs were recalculated to average annual cost per patient, expressed in 2013 prices USD using the consumer price index and purchasing power parity. Identified studies were then analyzed to assess their possible inclusion in the meta-analysis. We identified 32 records. The average annual indirect cost per patient varies among all the identified results from US$660.95 to 45,953.87. The mean annual indirect per patient equals US$6454.76. This systematic review summarizes current data related to indirect costs generated by ankylosing spondylitis; it revealed the great economic burden of the disease for society. We observed a great variety of the considered components of indirect costs and their definitions.

Literacy: Traditional, Cultural, Technological. Selected Papers from the Annual Conference of the International Association of School Librarianship (23rd, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 17-22, 1994).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Association of School Librarianship, Kalamazoo, MI.

Themes of the 23rd Annual International Association of School Librarianship conference included "Traditional Literacy,""The Current Status of Libraries,""Literacy in a Technological World," and "Preserving Cultural and Historical Literacy." The following papers were presented at the conference: (1)…

Barriers to Eye Care Faced by Adult Hispanics with Diabetes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffin-Shirley, Nora; Trusty, Sharon; Kelley, Emily; Siew-Jin, Lai Keun; Macias, Eduardo P.

2004-01-01

Current diabetes vision care guidelines suggest that people receive at least an annual dilated eye examination 5 years after the diagnosis of Type I diabetes and a dilated eye examination at the time of diagnosis of Type II diabetes, and at least annually thereafter. Hispanics in the United States have a three-fold greater prevalence of diabetes…

State Governance Action Annual 2004. Balancing Act: Public Higher Education in Transition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Neal C.; Longanecker, David A.

2004-01-01

In this annual report, AGB's Center for Public Trusteeship and Governance provides an up-to-date and insightful description of current state-level policy discussions and actions, many of which could significantly alter the nature of higher education governance in America. Some to the ideas presented in this report may not, on the surface, appear…

Corporate Giving: The Views of Chief Executive Officers of Major American Corporations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Arthur H.; Bartolomeo, John S.

The attitudes of chief executive officers (CEO's) of a sample of major U.S. corporations toward corporate philanthropy were surveyed. The sample consisted of 69 Fortune 1300 companies, 73 companies with $50 to $100 million annual sales volume, and 77 companies with $25 to $49 million annual sales volume. Attention was directed to current giving…

Productivity and diversity of morel mushrooms in healthy, burned, and insect damaged forests of northeastern Oregon.

Treesearch

David Pilz; Nancy S. Weber; M. Carol Carter; Catherine G. Parks; Randy. Molina

2004-01-01

Large commercial crops of morels are harvested annually from montane coniferous forests of the Northwestern United States. Although some morels fruit annually in nondisturbed forests, others fruit copiously in areas experiencing fire, insect infestations, tree mortality, and soil disturbance. Many forest managers currently use thinning and prescribed fire to re-create...

Nebraska's Forests 2010

Treesearch

Dacia M Meneguzzo; Susan J. Crocker; Mark D. Nelson; Charles J. Barnett; Brett J. Butler; Grant M. Domke; Mark H. Hansen; Mark A. Hatfield; Greg C. Liknes; Andrew J. Lister; Tonya W. Lister; Ronald J. Piva; Barry T. (Ty) Wilson; Christopher W. Woodall

2012-01-01

The second full annual inventory of Nebraska's forests reports more than 1.5 million acres of forest land and 39 tree species. Forest land is dominated by the elm/ash/cottonwood and oak/hickory forest types, which occupy nearly half of the total forest land area. The volume of growing stock on timberland currently totals 1.1 billion cubic feet. The average annual...

The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation Annual Report 1973/74.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, New York, NY.

The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, chartered in 1927 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and the general good of mankind, currently conducts a program to strengthen educational use of the mass media and communications technology. The foundation's annual report begins with the president's essay on the history, philosophy, and…

Studies in Teaching. 1995 Research Digest. Papers Presented at the Annual Research Forum (Winston-Salem, North Carolina, December 1995).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCoy, Leah P., Ed.

This is a collection of papers reporting student research projects at the Annual Research Forum, Department of Education, Wake Forest University (North Carolina). They include: "Student Interest in Studying World History in Relation to Current Events" (Conan Arthur); "Perceptions of High School Student Athletes and Athletics"…

75 FR 69707 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

... Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. chapter 35). Information pertaining to the requirement to be submitted: 1...).'' 2. Current OMB approval number: 3150-0057. 3. How often the collection is required: DOE/NRC Form... 75. 5. The number of annual respondents: 15. 6. The number of hours needed annually to complete the...

Community College of Rhode Island: Annual Report, 1989-90.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abood, Nancy V.; And Others

A narrative account of the achievements of the Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI) during the 1989-90 academic year is presented in this annual report, along with historical and current data on enrollments, programs, staff, and finances. Following an essay by the college president, Edward J. Liston, on the highlights of the past year, a…

77 FR 69658 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Revision of a Currently Approved Collection: Annuity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... a Currently Approved Collection: Annuity Broker Qualification Declaration Form ACTION: 30-Day Notice... Collection: Revision of a currently approved collection. (2) Title of the Form/Collection: Annuity Broker... submitted annually to determine whether a broker meets the qualifications to be listed as an annuity broker...

Water Science and Technology Board annual report 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-01-01

This annual report of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) summarizes the activities of the Board and its subgroups during 1988, its sixth year of existence. Included are descriptions of current and recently completed projects, new activities scheduled to begin in 1989, and plans for the future. The report also includes information on Board and committee memberships, program operational features, and reports produced during the past several years. This annual report is intended to provide an introduction to the WSTB and summary of its program for the year.

Prognostics and Health Management of Wind Turbines: Current Status and Future Opportunities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheng, Shuangwen

This presentation was given at the 2016 Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society. It covers the current status and challenges and opportunities of prognostics and health management of wind turbines.

Smoking Cessation Is Associated With Lower Indirect Costs.

PubMed

Baker, Christine L; Bruno, Marianna; Emir, Birol; Li, Vicky W; Goren, Amir

2018-06-01

This study quantified differences in indirect costs due to decreased work productivity between current and former smokers. Former smokers were further categorized by number of years since quitting to assess corresponding differences. Data on employed individuals were obtained from the 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; N = 75,000). Indirect costs were calculated for current smokers and former smokers from weekly wages based on age and sex. The annual total indirect costs for current smokers were $1327.53, $1560.18, and $1839.87 higher than for those who quit 0 to 4 years, 5 to 10 years, and more than or equal to 11 years prior, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean total indirect costs between the former smoker groups. Current smokers showed significantly higher total annual indirect costs compared with former smokers, independently of the number of years since quitting smoking.

Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Belnap, J.; Reynolds, R.L.; Reheis, M.C.; Phillips, S.L.; Urban, F.E.; Goldstein, H.L.

2009-01-01

Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and one not grazed since 1974 and dominated by annual weeds with little biocrusts. We used two currently grazed sites: one dominated by annual weeds and the other dominated by perennial plants, both with little biocrusts. Precipitation was highly variable, with years of average, above-average, and extremely low precipitation. During years with average and above-average precipitation, the disturbed sites consistently produced 2.8 times more sediment than the currently undisturbed sites. The never grazed site always produced the least sediment of all the sites. During the drought years, we observed a 5600-fold increase in sediment production from the most disturbed site (dominated by annual grasses, plowed about 50 years previously and currently grazed by livestock) relative to the never grazed site dominated by perennial grasses and well-developed biocrusts, indicating a non-linear, synergistic response to increasing disturbance types and levels. Comparing sediment losses among the sites, biocrusts were most important in predicting site stability, followed by perennial plant cover. Incoming sediment was similar among the sites, and while inputs were up to 9-fold higher at the most heavily disturbed site during drought years compared to average years, the change during the drought conditions was small relative to the large change seen in the sediment outputs. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Micro-phytoplankton community structure in the coastal upwelling zone off Concepción (central Chile): Annual and inter-annual fluctuations in a highly dynamic environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anabalón, V.; Morales, C. E.; González, H. E.; Menschel, E.; Schneider, W.; Hormazabal, S.; Valencia, L.; Escribano, R.

2016-12-01

An intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in recent decades has been detected in some of the main eastern boundary current systems, especially at higher latitudes, but the response of coastal phytoplankton communities in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) remains unknown. At higher latitudes in the HCS (35-40°S), strong seasonality in wind-driven upwelling during spring-summer coincides with an annual increase in coastal chlorophyll-a and primary production, and a dominance of micro-phytoplankton. In order to understand the effects of potential upwelling intensification on the micro-phytoplankton community in this region, annual and inter-annual variability in its structure (total and taxa-specific abundance and biomass) and its association with oceanographic fluctuations were analyzed using in situ time series data (2002-2009) from a shelf station off Concepcion (36.5°S). At the annual scale, total mean abundance and biomass, attributed to a few dominant diatom taxa, were at least one order of magnitude greater during spring-summer than autumn-winter, in association with changes in upwelling and surface salinity and temperature, whereas macro-nutrient concentrations remained relatively high all the year. At the inter-annual scale, total abundance and biomass decreased during the upwelling season of the 2006-2009 period compared with the 2002-2006 period, notably due to lower abundances of Skeletonema and Leptocylindrus, but the relative dominance of a few taxa was maintained. The 2006-2009 period was characterized by higher upwelling intensity, colder and higher salinity waters, and changes in nutrient concentrations and ratios compared with the first period. The inter-annual changes in the micro-phytoplankton community were mostly associated with changes in surface salinity and temperature (changes in upwelling intensity) but also with changes in Si/N and N/P, which relate to other land-derived processes.

Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO2 sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle.

PubMed

Belshe, E F; Schuur, E A G; Bolker, B M

2013-10-01

Are tundra ecosystems currently a carbon source or sink? What is the future trajectory of tundra carbon fluxes in response to climate change? These questions are of global importance because of the vast quantities of organic carbon stored in permafrost soils. In this meta-analysis, we compile 40 years of CO2 flux observations from 54 studies spanning 32 sites across northern high latitudes. Using time-series analysis, we investigated if seasonal or annual CO2 fluxes have changed over time, and whether spatial differences in mean annual temperature could help explain temporal changes in CO2 flux. Growing season net CO2 uptake has definitely increased since the 1990s; the data also suggest (albeit less definitively) an increase in winter CO2 emissions, especially in the last decade. In spite of the uncertainty in the winter trend, we estimate that tundra sites were annual CO2 sources from the mid-1980s until the 2000s, and data from the last 7 years show that tundra continue to emit CO2 annually. CO2 emissions exceed CO2 uptake across the range of temperatures that occur in the tundra biome. Taken together, these data suggest that despite increases in growing season uptake, tundra ecosystems are currently CO2 sources on an annual basis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.

The Growing Demand for Hospice and Palliative Medicine Physicians: Will the Supply Keep Up?

PubMed

Lupu, Dale; Quigley, Leo; Mehfoud, Nicholas; Salsberg, Edward S

2018-04-01

The need for hospice and palliative care is growing rapidly as the population increases and ages and as both hospice and palliative care become more accepted. Hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) is a relatively new physician specialty, currently training 325 new fellows annually. Given the time needed to increase the supply of specialty-trained physicians, it is important to assess future needs to guide planning for future training capacity. We modeled the need for and supply of specialist HPM physicians through the year 2040 to determine whether training capacity should continue growing. To create a benchmark for need, we used a population-based approach to look at the current geographic distribution of the HPM physician supply. To model future supply, we calculated the annual change in current supply by adding newly trained physicians and subtracting physicians leaving the labor force. The current U.S. supply of HPM specialists is 13.35 per 100,000 adults 65 and older. This ratio varies greatly across the country. Using alternate assumptions for future supply and demand, we project that need in 2040 will range from 10,640 to almost 24,000 HPM specialist physicians. Supply will range from 8100 to 19,000. Current training capacity is insufficient to keep up with population growth and demand for services. HPM fellowships would need to grow from the current 325 graduates annually to between 500 and 600 per year by 2030 to assure sufficient physician workforce for hospice and palliative care services given current service provision patterns. Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diurnal tidal currents attributed to free baroclinic coastal-trapped waves on the Pacific shelf off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuroda, Hiroshi; Kusaka, Akira; Isoda, Yutaka; Honda, Satoshi; Ito, Sayaka; Onitsuka, Toshihiro

2018-04-01

To understand the properties of tides and tidal currents on the Pacific shelf off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, we analyzed time series of 9 current meters that were moored on the shelf for 1 month to 2 years. Diurnal tidal currents such as the K1 and O1 constituents were more dominant than semi-diurnal ones by an order of magnitude. The diurnal tidal currents clearly propagated westward along the coast with a typical phase velocity of 2 m s-1 and wavelength of 200 km. Moreover, the shape and phase of the diurnal currents measured by a bottom-mounted ADCP were vertically homogeneous, except in the vicinity of the bottom boundary layer. These features were very consistent with theoretically estimated properties of free baroclinic coastal-trapped waves of the first mode. An annual (semi-annual) variation was apparent for the phase (amplitude) of the O1 tidal current, which was correlated with density stratification (intensity of an along-shelf current called the Coastal Oyashio). These possible causes are discussed in terms of the propagation and generation of coastal-trapped waves.

The Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine, Voluntary HIV Screening in South Africa

PubMed Central

Walensky, Rochelle P.; Wood, Robin; Fofana, Mariam O.; Martinson, Neil A.; Losina, Elena; April, Michael D.; Bassett, Ingrid V.; Morris, Bethany L.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.; Paltiel, A. David

2010-01-01

Background Although 900,000 HIV-infected South Africans receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of South Africans with HIV remain undiagnosed. Methods We use a published simulation model of HIV case detection and treatment to examine three HIV screening scenarios, in addition to current practice: 1) one-time; 2) every five years; and 3) annually. South African model input data include: 16.9% HIV prevalence, 1.3% annual incidence, 49% test acceptance rate, HIV testing costs of $6.49/patient, and a 47% linkage-to-care rate (including two sequential ART regimens) for identified cases. Outcomes include life expectancy, direct medical costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results HIV screening one-time, every five years, and annually increase HIV-infected quality-adjusted life expectancy (mean age 33 years) from 180.6 months (current practice) to 184.9, 187.6 and 197.2 months. The incremental cost-effectiveness of one-time screening is dominated by screening every five years. Screening every five years and annually each have incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $1,570/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and $1,720/QALY. Screening annually is very cost-effective even in settings with the lowest incidence/prevalence, with test acceptance and linkage rates both as low as 20%, or when accounting for a stigma impact at least four-fold that of the base case. Conclusions In South Africa, annual voluntary HIV screening offers substantial clinical benefit and is very cost-effective, even with highly constrained access to care and treatment. PMID:21068674

Design and application of electromechanical actuators for deep space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haskew, Tim A.; Wander, John

1993-01-01

The annual report Design and Application of Electromechanical Actuators for Deep Space Missions is presented. The reporting period is 16 Aug. 1992 to 15 Aug. 1993. However, the primary focus will be work performed since submission of our semi-annual progress report in Feb. 1993. Substantial progress was made. We currently feel confident in providing guidelines for motor and control strategy selection in electromechanical actuators to be used in thrust vector control (TVC) applications. A small portion was presented in the semi-annual report. At this point, we have implemented highly detailed simulations of various motor/drive systems. The primary motor candidates were the brushless dc machine, permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the induction machine. The primary control implementations were pulse width modulation and hysteresis current control. Each of the two control strategies were applied to each of the three motor choices. With either pulse width modulation or hysteresis current control, the induction machine was always vector controlled. A standard test position command sequence for system performance evaluation is defined. Currently, we are gathering all of the necessary data for formal presentation of the results. Briefly stated for TVC application, we feel that the brushless dc machine operating under PWM current control is the best option. Substantial details on the topic, with supporting simulation results, will be provided later, in the form of a technical paper prepared for submission and also in the next progress report with more detail than allowed for paper publication.

National Freshman Attitudes Report, 2012. An Exploration of Attitudes That Influence Student Success. Seventh Annual National Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noel-Levitz, Inc, 2012

2012-01-01

This annual report describes self-reported attitudes and motivations of today's first-year college students throughout the nation, based on survey responses from a sizable sample of freshmen attending college during the current academic year, 2011-2012. Among the highlights: (1) Compared to their female counterparts, many more incoming first-year…

Financing Higher Education in the New Century: The Third Annual Report from the States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKeown-Moak, Mary P.

This is the third in a series of annual reports that summarize financial trends affecting higher education. State appropriations to higher education reached $60.6 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2001, an increase of 7.0% over FY 2000 in current funds, and a 5.0 constant dollar increase. However, total state general fund appropriations for all…

1996 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schneider, Jill L.

1997-01-01

This is the fifteenth annual report that has been prepared in response to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Current Alaskan mineral projects and events that occurred during 1995 are summarized. For the purpose of this document, the term 'minerals' encompasses both energy resources (oil and gas, coal and peat, uranium, and geothermal) and nonfuel-mineral resources (metallic and industrial minerals).

New Mexico PreK Program Annual Report for School Year 2015-2016

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobsen, Monique; Skandera, Hanna

2017-01-01

The purpose of the PreK Annual Report is to comply with statute and inform stakeholders regarding the Children, Youth and Families Department's (CYFD) and the Public Education Department's (PED) efforts and how these are connected to the State's current PreK initiatives. This funding was continued for the 2015-16 school year. In addition, CYFD…

Public and K-12 Teacher Members. NEA Research/Gallup Opinion Polls. Spring 1987 Annual Public Polls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, Washington, DC.

The annual National Education Association opinion polls provide data comparing opinions held by the public and teachers on current and ongoing issues of concern to the education community. The 1987 polls focused on priorities for federal, state, and local government expenditures, on measures to improve education in the basics, and on sources of…

2009 Center for Army Leadership Annual Survey of Army Leadership (CASAL): Army Education

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-11

right time, handling pre- education attitudes, and tracking performance gains and career advantages related to academics.  Developing current, relevant...Army Leadership Technical Report 2010-2 2009 CENTER FOR ARMY LEADERSHIP ANNUAL SURVEY OF ARMY LEADERSHIP (CASAL): ARMY EDUCATION ...Joshua Hatfield ICF International John P. Steele Center for Army Leadership June 2010 The Center for Army Leadership An

Using Screening Level Environmental Life Cycle Assessment to Aid Decision Making: A Case Study of a College Annual Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingwersen, Wesley W.; Curran, Mary Ann; Gonzalez, Michael A.; Hawkins, Troy R.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the life cycle environmental impacts of the University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences' current printed annual report to a version distributed via the internet. Design/methodology/approach: Life cycle environmental impacts of both versions of the report are modeled using…

76 FR 6496 - Special Flight Rules Area in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, Draft Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... being considered include: Alternative A Current Condition: Key elements are corridors open year round, annual allocation cap of 93,971, and no quiet technology incentive. Current tours for helicopters and... to quiet technology aircraft. Alternative F Modified Current Condition: Key elements are similar to...

Implications for water use of a shift from annual to perennial crops - A stochastic modelling approach based on a trait meta-analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vico, Giulia; Brunsell, Nathaniel

2017-04-01

The projected population growth and changes in climate and dietary habits will further increase the pressure on water resources globally. Within precision farming, a host of technical solutions has been developed to reduce water consumption for agricultural uses. The next frontier for a more sustainable agriculture is the combination of reduced water requirements with enhanced ecosystem services. Currently, staple grains are obtained from annuals crops. A shift from annual to perennial crops has been suggested as a way to enhance ecosystem services. In fact, perennial plants, with their continuous soil cover and the higher allocation of resources to the below ground, contribute to the reduction of soil erosion and nutrient losses, while enhancing carbon sequestration in the root zone. Nevertheless, the net effect of a shift to perennial crops on water use for agriculture is still unknown, despite its relevance for the sustainability of such a shift. We explore here the implications for water management at the field- to farm-scale of a shift from annual to perennial crops, under rainfed and irrigated agriculture. A probabilistic description of the soil water balance and crop development is employed to quantify water requirements and yields and their inter-annual variability, as a function of rainfall patterns, soil and crop features. Optimal irrigation strategies are thus defined in terms of maximization of yield and minimization of required irrigation volumes and their inter-annual variability. The probabilistic model is parameterized based on an extensive meta-analysis of traits of co-generic annual and perennial species to explore the consequences for water requirements of shifting from annual to perennial crops under current and future climates. We show that the larger and more developed roots of perennial crops may allow a better exploitation of soil water resources and a reduction of yield variability with respect to annual species. At the same time, perennial crops are larger and may require adequate water supply for longer periods, thus leading to higher water requirements. Furthermore, they lead to lower yields per unit area, thus requiring irrigation of larger areas.

Undergraduate medical students' perspectives of skills, uses and preferences of information technology in medical education: A cross-sectional study in a Saudi Medical College.

PubMed

Khamis, Nehal; Aljumaiah, Rawabi; Alhumaid, Alla; Alraheem, Hiba; Alkadi, Dalal; Koppel, Cristina; Abdulghani, Hamza Mohammad

2018-05-07

Information technology (IT) is widely used in medical education. However, there are not enough studies about IT uses and preferences among traditional and problem-based learning (PBL) medical students. To compare IT skills, uses and preferences for education between traditional and PBL medical students'. A cross-sectional study; a modified Educause Center for Analysis and Research online survey was sent to traditional curriculum 5th and PBL 4th year medical students of King Saud University. Most of the responding 176 students prefer mobile devices and moderate amount of IT in education. Fourth and fifth year students perceived high academic value of Google (94.2 vs. 86.7%, p = 0.34), YouTube (90.7 vs. 92.2%, p = 0.83) and PubMed (83.7 vs. 86.7%, p = 0.06). More 4th year than 5th year students rated themselves as skilled in learning management system (54.7 vs. 21.1%, p = 0.0001) and Smartboard use (40.7 vs. 23.3%, p = 0.04). Most students rated faculty IT skills as effective. Students agreed that technology helps working faster (95.5%) and make learning creative (85.9%). More integration of information literacy and IT training in medical curricula is needed to enhance better utilization of full features of IT resources available for learning and problem solving. National multi-institutional studies are recommended.

State Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

The State Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates provide data on energy prices in current dollars per million Btu and expenditures in current dollars, by state and for the United States, by energy source and by sector in annual time-series back to 1970

Current rates of publication for podium and poster presentations at the american society for surgery of the hand annual meetings.

PubMed

Abzug, Joshua M; Osterman, Meredith; Rivlin, Michael; Paryavi, Ebrahim; Osterman, A Lee

2014-09-01

Research projects are presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH). It is unknown how many achieve publication in peer-reviewed journals. We sought to determine current rates of publication of podium and poster presentations. All ASSH podium and poster presentations from 2000 to 2005 were reviewed, and an Internet-based search using PubMed and Google was conducted to determine whether the presented studies had been published. Times to publication and journal names were recorded. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact test was conducted to compare current trends with previous trends. Of 1127 podium and poster presentations reviewed, 46% were published in peer-reviewed journals. Forty-seven percent of published presentations (242 presentations) were in Journal of Hand Surgery, and 11% (59 presentations) were in Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Forty-five percent of presentations were published within 2 years and 66% within 3 years. The publication rate for podium presentations was significantly higher than that previously reported for Journal of Hand Surgery, at 54% compared with 44% (P=0.004). Currently, fewer than half of the studies presented at Annual Meetings of the ASSH achieve publication in peer-reviewed journals. Presentations are most likely to be published within 3 years, and almost half are published in Journal of Hand Surgery.

Performance Indicators of California Higher Education, 1999. The Sixth Annual Report to California's Governor, Legislature, and Citizens in Response to Assembly Bill 1808 (Chapter 741, Statutes of 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Postsecondary Education Commission, Sacramento.

This sixth annual report on the performance indicators of California higher education presents background information on the development and recent revision of California's performance indicators for higher education; describes the scope of the current set of indicators, highlighting recent trends; and delineates some recent developments and…

Catalogue of Life: 2013 Annual Checklist

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nicolson, David T.; Roskov, Yuri; Kunze, Thomas; Paglinawan, Luvie; Orrell, Thomas; Culham, Alistair; Bailly, Nicolas; Kirk, Paul; Bourgoin, Thierry; Baillargeon, Guy; Hernandez, Franciso; De Wever, Aaike

2013-01-01

The most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available, it consists of a single integrated species checklist and taxonomic hierarchy. It is available (1) as a DVD and booklet; and (2) on the Web. The contact for the booklet and DVD is Thomas Orrell at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington,DC. The URL for the online version is http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2013/info/ac

New Jersey Forests 2013

Treesearch

Susan J. Crocker; Charles J. Barnett; Brett J. Butler; Mark A. Hatfield; Cassandra M. Kurtz; Tonya W. Lister; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Patrick D. Miles; Randall S. Morin; Mark D. Nelson; Ronald J. Piva; Rachel Riemann; James E. Smith; Christopher W. Woodall; William. Zipse

2017-01-01

The second full annual inventory of New Jersey’s forests reports more than 2.0 million acres of forest land and 77 tree species. Forest land is dominated by oak/hickory forest types in the north and pitch pine forest types in the south. The volume of growing stock on timberland has been rising since 1956 and currently totals 3.3 billion cubic feet. Average annual net...

Symposium on Current Research in the Chemical Sciences: Third Annual Southern Station Chemical Sciences Meeting

Treesearch

Timothy G. Rials; [Editor

1994-01-01

The original charter for this annual meeting of chemical sciences personnel called for an informal atmosphere for the discussion of common concerns and needs. The years have seen the definition of our "common concern" evolve into a sharing of our efforts in applying the science of chemistry to the resolution of problems faced by our forest resource. I believe...

Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder.

Treesearch

A.R. Weiskittel; S.M. Garber; G.P. Johnson; D.A. Maguire; R.A. Monserud

2007-01-01

Simulating the influence of intensive management and annual weather fluctuations on tree growth requires a shorter time step than currently employed by most regional growth models. High-quality data sets are available for several plantation species in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, but the growth periods ranged from 2 to 12 years. Measurement...

Education of the Early Adolescent with Behavioral Disorders. Proceedings for the Annual Nebraska Symposium on Current Issues (1st, Omaha, Nebraska, May 9-11, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eyde, Donna R., Ed.; And Others

The collection of 12 papers from the 1979 First Annual Nebraska Symposium focuses on the problem of educating the secondary school aged disturbed student. Entries include the following titles and authors: "Issues in Diagnosis and Programming for Socio-Emotionally Impaired Early Adolescents" (W. Morse); "Adolescent Behavior--The…

76 FR 16644 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... Forms N-72, N-73, N-74, N-75, N-91, N-92, N-93, N-94. 2. Current OMB approval number: 3150-0056. 3. How... number of annual respondents: 1.3. 6. The number of hours needed annually to complete the requirement or... Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35). Information pertaining to the requirement to be submitted: 1...

Investigating the feasibility of integrating pavement friction and texture depth data in modeling for INDOT PMS.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-11-01

Under INDOTs current friction testing program, the friction is measured annually on interstates but only once every three years on noninterstate : roadways. The states Pavement Management System, however, would require current data if friction ...

The Japanese artificial organs scene: current status.

PubMed

Mitamura, Yoshinori; Murabayashi, Shun

2005-08-01

Artificial organs and regenerative medicine are the subjects of very active research and development (R&D) in Japan and various artificial organs are widely used in patients. Results of the R&D are presented at the annual conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs (JSAO). Progress in the fields of artificial organs and regenerative medicine are reviewed annually in the Japanese Journal of Artificial Organs. The official English-language journal of JSAO, Journal of Artificial Organs, also publishes many original articles by Japanese researchers. Although the annual conference and the publications of JSAO provide the world with update information on artificial organs and regenerative medicine in Japan, the information is not always understood appropriately in the rest of the world, mainly due to language problems. This article therefore introduces the current status of artificial organs and regenerative medicine in Japan. Artificial hearts and metabolic support systems are reviewed here and other interesting areas such as regenerative medicine can be found elsewhere.

2010 NASA Range Safety Annual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dumont, Alan G.

2010-01-01

this report provides a NASA Range Safety overview for current and potential range users. This report contains articles which cover a variety of subject areas, summaries of various NASA Range Safety Program activities conducted during the past year, links to past reports, and information on several projects that may have a profound impact on the way business will be done in the future. Specific topics discussed in the 2010 NASA Range Safety Annual Report include a program overview and 2010 highlights; Range Safety Training; Range Safety Policy revision; Independent Assessments; Support to Program Operations at all ranges conducting NASA launch/flight operations; a continuing overview of emerging range safety-related technologies; and status reports from all of the NASA Centers that have Range Safety responsibilities. Every effort has been made to include the most current information available. We recommend this report be used only for guidance and that the validity and accuracy of all articles be verified for updates. Once again, the web-based format was used to present the annual report.

Global energy demand to 2060

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Starr, C.

The projection of global energy demand to the year 2060 is of particular interest because of its relevance to the current greenhouse concerns. The long-term growth of global energy demand in the time scale of climatic change has received relatively little attention in the public discussion of national policy alternatives. The sociological, political, and economic issues have rarely been mentioned in this context. This study emphasizes that the two major driving forces are global population growth and economic growth (gross national product per capita), as would be expected. The modest annual increases assumed in this study result in a yearmore » 2060 annual energy use of >4 times the total global current use (year 1986) if present trends continue, and >2 times with extreme efficiency improvements in energy use. Even assuming a zero per capita growth for energy and economics, the population increase by the year 2060 results in a 1.5 times increase in total annual energy use.« less

Protected areas' role in climate-change mitigation.

PubMed

Melillo, Jerry M; Lu, Xiaoliang; Kicklighter, David W; Reilly, John M; Cai, Yongxia; Sokolov, Andrei P

2016-03-01

Globally, 15.5 million km(2) of land are currently identified as protected areas, which provide society with many ecosystem services including climate-change mitigation. Combining a global database of protected areas, a reconstruction of global land-use history, and a global biogeochemistry model, we estimate that protected areas currently sequester 0.5 Pg C annually, which is about one fifth of the carbon sequestered by all land ecosystems annually. Using an integrated earth systems model to generate climate and land-use scenarios for the twenty-first century, we project that rapid climate change, similar to high-end projections in IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, would cause the annual carbon sequestration rate in protected areas to drop to about 0.3 Pg C by 2100. For the scenario with both rapid climate change and extensive land-use change driven by population and economic pressures, 5.6 million km(2) of protected areas would be converted to other uses, and carbon sequestration in the remaining protected areas would drop to near zero by 2100.

Monitoring glacier albedo as a proxy to derive summer and annual surface mass balances from optical remote-sensing data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davaze, Lucas; Rabatel, Antoine; Arnaud, Yves; Sirguey, Pascal; Six, Delphine; Letreguilly, Anne; Dumont, Marie

2018-01-01

Less than 0.25 % of the 250 000 glaciers inventoried in the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI V.5) are currently monitored with in situ measurements of surface mass balance. Increasing this archive is very challenging, especially using time-consuming methods based on in situ measurements, and complementary methods are required to quantify the surface mass balance of unmonitored glaciers. The current study relies on the so-called albedo method, based on the analysis of albedo maps retrieved from optical satellite imagery acquired since 2000 by the MODIS sensor, on board the TERRA satellite. Recent studies revealed substantial relationships between summer minimum glacier-wide surface albedo and annual surface mass balance, because this minimum surface albedo is directly related to the accumulation-area ratio and the equilibrium-line altitude. On the basis of 30 glaciers located in the French Alps where annual surface mass balance data are available, our study conducted on the period 2000-2015 confirms the robustness and reliability of the relationship between the summer minimum surface albedo and the annual surface mass balance. For the ablation season, the integrated summer surface albedo is significantly correlated with the summer surface mass balance of the six glaciers seasonally monitored. These results are promising to monitor both annual and summer glacier-wide surface mass balances of individual glaciers at a regional scale using optical satellite images. A sensitivity study on the computed cloud masks revealed a high confidence in the retrieved albedo maps, restricting the number of omission errors. Albedo retrieval artifacts have been detected for topographically incised glaciers, highlighting limitations in the shadow correction algorithm, although inter-annual comparisons are not affected by systematic errors.

Curbing the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan: the impact of scaling up treatment and prevention for achieving elimination.

PubMed

Lim, Aaron G; Qureshi, Huma; Mahmood, Hassan; Hamid, Saeed; Davies, Charlotte F; Trickey, Adam; Glass, Nancy; Saeed, Quaid; Fraser, Hannah; Walker, Josephine G; Mukandavire, Christinah; Hickman, Matthew; Martin, Natasha K; May, Margaret T; Averhoff, Francisco; Vickerman, Peter

2018-04-01

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a global health strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis. We project the treatment and prevention requirements to achieve the WHO HCV elimination target of reducing HCV incidence by 80% and HCV-related mortality by 65% by 2030 in Pakistan, which has the second largest HCV burden worldwide. We developed an HCV transmission model for Pakistan, and calibrated it to epidemiological data from a national survey (2007), surveys among people who inject drugs (PWID), and blood donor data. Current treatment coverage data came from expert opinion and published reports. The model projected the HCV burden, including incidence, prevalence and deaths through 2030, and estimated the impact of varying prevention and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment interventions necessary for achieving the WHO HCV elimination targets. With no further treatment (currently ∼150 000 treated annually) during 2016-30, chronic HCV prevalence will increase from 3.9% to 5.1%, estimated annual incident infections will increase from 700 000 to 1 100 000, and 1 400 000 HCV-associated deaths will occur. To reach the WHO HCV elimination targets by 2030, 880 000 annual DAA treatments are required if prevention is not scaled up and no treatment prioritization occurs. By targeting treatment toward persons with cirrhosis (80% treated annually) and PWIDs (double the treatment rate of non-PWIDs), the required annual treatment number decreases to 750 000. If prevention activities also halve transmission risk, this treatment number reduces to 525 000 annually. Substantial HCV prevention and treatment interventions are required to reach the WHO HCV elimination targets in Pakistan, without which Pakistan's HCV burden will increase markedly.

Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing.

PubMed

Thevis, Mario; Kuuranne, Tiia; Geyer, Hans; Schänzer, Wilhelm

2010-04-01

The annual update of the list of prohibited substances and doping methods as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) allows the implementation of most recent considerations of performance manipulation and emerging therapeutics into human sports doping control programmes. The annual banned-substance review for human doping controls critically summarizes recent innovations in analytical approaches that support the efforts of convicting cheating athletes by improved or newly established methods that focus on known as well as newly outlawed substances and doping methods. In the current review, literature published between October 2008 and September 2009 reporting on new and/or enhanced procedures and techniques for doping analysis, as well as aspects relevant to the doping control arena, was considered to complement the 2009 annual banned-substance review.

Society already achieves economic benefits from generic substitution but fails to do the same for therapeutic substitution.

PubMed

Gumbs, Pearl D; Verschuren, W M Monique; Souverein, Patrick C; Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje K; de Wit, G Ardine; de Boer, Anthonius; Klungel, Olaf H

2007-11-01

To assess the potential annual savings due to generic and therapeutic substitution of statin therapy for the general Dutch population, taking the patients medical history into account. We conducted a population-based costing study using the PHARMO Record Linkage System (RLS). PHARMO RLS contains drug dispensing records from a representative sample of pharmacies located in more than 50 regions in the Netherlands. We selected all statin users in the database since 2003. The cost-savings of generic substitution of statin therapy for all simvastatin and pravastatin users, and of therapeutic substitution of statin therapy for other statin users were calculated. Substituting current users and new users of statins were considered separately. Therapeutic substitution was based on the medical history of the individual patient. Patients were only substituted if there was an appropriate substitute available. The appropriateness of substitution was based on drug-drug interactions between statins and possible comedication and the availability of an equipotent alternative. Substituting (generic and therapeutic) statin therapy for all current users would lead to potential annual savings of approximately 87 million euros. Substituting (generic and therapeutic) all starters on statin therapy would lead to potential annual savings of around 51 million euros. In the case of generic substitution only, the potential annual savings for all current simvastatin and pravastatin users would be 2.4 million euros and for the new users about 1.8 million euros. From an economic point of view, society could gain a lot from substituting statin therapy, especially from therapeutic substitution.

Are Alternative Strategies Required to Accelerate the Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis? Insights From Mathematical Models

PubMed Central

Stolk, Wilma A; Prada, Joaquin M; Smith, Morgan E; Kontoroupis, Periklis; de Vos, Anneke S; Touloupou, Panayiota; Irvine, Michael A; Brown, Paul; Subramanian, Swaminathan; Kloek, Marielle; Michael, E; Hollingsworth, T Deirdre; de Vlas, Sake J

2018-01-01

Abstract Background With the 2020 target year for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) approaching, there is an urgent need to assess how long mass drug administration (MDA) programs with annual ivermectin + albendazole (IA) or diethylcarbamazine + albendazole (DA) would still have to be continued, and how elimination can be accelerated. We addressed this using mathematical modeling. Methods We used 3 structurally different mathematical models for LF transmission (EPIFIL, LYMFASIM, TRANSFIL) to simulate trends in microfilariae (mf) prevalence for a range of endemic settings, both for the current annual MDA strategy and alternative strategies, assessing the required duration to bring mf prevalence below the critical threshold of 1%. Results Three annual MDA rounds with IA or DA and good coverage (≥65%) are sufficient to reach the threshold in settings that are currently at mf prevalence <4%, but the required duration increases with increasing mf prevalence. Switching to biannual MDA or employing triple-drug therapy (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole [IDA]) could reduce program duration by about one-third. Optimization of coverage reduces the time to elimination and is particularly important for settings with a history of poorly implemented MDA (low coverage, high systematic noncompliance). Conclusions Modeling suggests that, in several settings, current annual MDA strategies will be insufficient to achieve the 2020 LF elimination targets, and programs could consider policy adjustment to accelerate, guided by recent monitoring and evaluation data. Biannual treatment and IDA hold promise in reducing program duration, provided that coverage is good, but their efficacy remains to be confirmed by more extensive field studies. PMID:29860286

Are Alternative Strategies Required to Accelerate the Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis? Insights From Mathematical Models.

PubMed

Stolk, Wilma A; Prada, Joaquin M; Smith, Morgan E; Kontoroupis, Periklis; de Vos, Anneke S; Touloupou, Panayiota; Irvine, Michael A; Brown, Paul; Subramanian, Swaminathan; Kloek, Marielle; Michael, E; Hollingsworth, T Deirdre; de Vlas, Sake J

2018-06-01

With the 2020 target year for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) approaching, there is an urgent need to assess how long mass drug administration (MDA) programs with annual ivermectin + albendazole (IA) or diethylcarbamazine + albendazole (DA) would still have to be continued, and how elimination can be accelerated. We addressed this using mathematical modeling. We used 3 structurally different mathematical models for LF transmission (EPIFIL, LYMFASIM, TRANSFIL) to simulate trends in microfilariae (mf) prevalence for a range of endemic settings, both for the current annual MDA strategy and alternative strategies, assessing the required duration to bring mf prevalence below the critical threshold of 1%. Three annual MDA rounds with IA or DA and good coverage (≥65%) are sufficient to reach the threshold in settings that are currently at mf prevalence <4%, but the required duration increases with increasing mf prevalence. Switching to biannual MDA or employing triple-drug therapy (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole [IDA]) could reduce program duration by about one-third. Optimization of coverage reduces the time to elimination and is particularly important for settings with a history of poorly implemented MDA (low coverage, high systematic noncompliance). Modeling suggests that, in several settings, current annual MDA strategies will be insufficient to achieve the 2020 LF elimination targets, and programs could consider policy adjustment to accelerate, guided by recent monitoring and evaluation data. Biannual treatment and IDA hold promise in reducing program duration, provided that coverage is good, but their efficacy remains to be confirmed by more extensive field studies.

Nano-JASMINE: current status and data output

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobayashi, Yukiyasu; Yano, Taihei; Gouda, Naoteru; Niwa, Yoshito; Murooka, Jyunpei; Yamada, Yoshiyuki; Sako, Nobutada; Nakasuka, Shin'ichi

2010-07-01

The current status of the Nano-JASMINE project is reported. Nano-JASMINE is a very small-sized (50 cm cubic form) satellite that is expected to carry out astrometric observations of nearby bright stars. The satellite will determine distances of more than 8000 stars by performing annual parallax measurements, which is the only direct method to measure the distance of an astronomical object. The mission is required to continue for more than two years to obtain reliable annual parallax measurements. In addition, Nano-JASMINE will serve as a preliminary to the main JASMINE mission. We expect that Nano-JASMINE will be launched in August 2011 from the Alcantara Space Center in Brazil using the Cyclone-4 rocket.

Can Family Planning Service Statistics Be Used to Track Population-Level Outcomes?

PubMed

Magnani, Robert J; Ross, John; Williamson, Jessica; Weinberger, Michelle

2018-03-21

The need for annual family planning program tracking data under the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) initiative has contributed to renewed interest in family planning service statistics as a potential data source for annual estimates of the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR). We sought to assess (1) how well a set of commonly recorded data elements in routine service statistics systems could, with some fairly simple adjustments, track key population-level outcome indicators, and (2) whether some data elements performed better than others. We used data from 22 countries in Africa and Asia to analyze 3 data elements collected from service statistics: (1) number of contraceptive commodities distributed to clients, (2) number of family planning service visits, and (3) number of current contraceptive users. Data quality was assessed via analysis of mean square errors, using the United Nations Population Division World Contraceptive Use annual mCPR estimates as the "gold standard." We also examined the magnitude of several components of measurement error: (1) variance, (2) level bias, and (3) slope (or trend) bias. Our results indicate modest levels of tracking error for data on commodities to clients (7%) and service visits (10%), and somewhat higher error rates for data on current users (19%). Variance and slope bias were relatively small for all data elements. Level bias was by far the largest contributor to tracking error. Paired comparisons of data elements in countries that collected at least 2 of the 3 data elements indicated a modest advantage of data on commodities to clients. None of the data elements considered was sufficiently accurate to be used to produce reliable stand-alone annual estimates of mCPR. However, the relatively low levels of variance and slope bias indicate that trends calculated from these 3 data elements can be productively used in conjunction with the Family Planning Estimation Tool (FPET) currently used to produce annual mCPR tracking estimates for FP2020. © Magnani et al.

Performance Indicators of California Higher Education, 1997. The Fourth Annual Report to California's Governor, Legislature, and Citizens in Response to Assembly Bill 1808 (Chapter 741, Statutes of 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Postsecondary Education Commission, Sacramento.

This fourth annual report presents background information on the development of performance indicators for California higher education, describes the scope of the current set of indicators, identifies highlights of recent trends, delineates some recent developments and future plans, and includes data on the full set of 75 performance indicators.…

Trends and Issues in English Instruction, 1995--Six Summaries. Summaries of Informal Annual Discussions of the Commissions of the National Council of Teachers of English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suhor, Charles, Comp.

Information on current trends and issues informally discussed and then delineated by the directors of six National Council of Teachers of English commissions, is presented in this 12th annual report. The commissions and their directors are: (1) Commission on Curriculum (Dorothy King); (2) Commission on Composition (Christine Kline); (3) Commission…

Trends and Issues in English Instruction, 1989--Seven Summaries. Summaries of Informal Annual Discussions of the Commissions of the National Council of Teachers of English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piazza, Stephen, Comp.; Suhor, Charles, Comp.

Information on current trends and issues in English instruction, compiled by the directors of six National Council of Teachers of English commissions, is presented in this report, the sixth annual trends and issues report by the commissions. The commissions and their directors are as follows: (1) Commission on Language (Jesse Perry); (2)…

Trends and Issues in English Instruction, 1988--Six Summaries. Summaries of Informal Annual Discussions of the Commissions of the National Council of Teachers of English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suhor, Charles, Comp.

Information on current trends and issues in English instruction, compiled by the directors of six National Council of Teachers of English commissions, is presented in this report, the fifth annual trends and issues report by the commissions. The commissions and their directors are as follows: (1) Commission on Language (James Stalker); (2)…

Growth and yield of a managed 30-year-old noble fir plantation.

Treesearch

Marshall D. Murray

1988-01-01

A thinned and fertilized noble fir plantation produced 3,450 cubic feet per acre 30 years after it was planted in western Washington. More than half of this volume was in trees with diameter at breast height of 10 inches and larger. Current annual increment the last 6 years was 295 cubic feet per acre. Ornamental boughs have been harvested annually for about a 15-year...

Trends and Issues in English Instruction, 1996--Six Summaries. Summaries of Informal Annual Discussions of the Commissions of the National Council of Teachers of English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suhor, Charles, Comp.

Information on current trends and issues informally discussed and then delineated by the directors of six National Council of Teachers of English commissions, is presented in this 13th annual report. The commissions and their directors are: (1) Commission on Curriculum (Dorothy King); (2) Commission on Composition (Christine Kline); (3) Commission…

Unauthorized Immigrants Prolong the Life of Medicare's Trust Fund.

PubMed

Zallman, Leah; Wilson, Fernando A; Stimpson, James P; Bearse, Adriana; Arsenault, Lisa; Dube, Blessing; Himmelstein, David; Woolhandler, Steffie

2016-01-01

Unauthorized immigrants seldom have access to public health insurance programs such as Medicare Part A, which pays hospitals and other health facilities and is funded through the Medicare Trust Fund. We tabulated annual and total Trust Fund contributions and withdrawals by unauthorized immigrants (i.e., outlays on their behalf) from 2000 to 2011 using the Current Population Survey and Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. We estimated when the Trust Fund would be depleted if unauthorized immigrants had neither contributed to it nor withdrawn from it. We estimated Trust Fund surpluses by unauthorized immigrants if 10 % were to become authorized annually over the subsequent 7 years. From 2000 to 2011, unauthorized immigrants contributed $2.2 to $3.8 billion more than they withdrew annually (a total surplus of $35.1 billion). Had unauthorized immigrants neither contributed to nor withdrawn from the Trust Fund during those 11 years, it would become insolvent in 2029-1 year earlier than currently predicted. If 10 % of unauthorized immigrants became authorized annually for the subsequent 7 years, Trust Fund surpluses contributed by unauthorized immigrants would total $45.7 billion. Unauthorized immigrants have prolonged the life of the Medicare Trust Fund. Policies that curtail the influx of unauthorized immigrants may accelerate the Trust Fund's depletion.

Projecting pest population dynamics under global warming: the combined effect of inter- and intra-annual variations.

PubMed

Zidon, Royi; Tsueda, Hirotsugu; Morin, Efrat; Morin, Shai

2016-06-01

The typical short generation length of insects makes their population dynamics highly sensitive not only to mean annual temperatures but also to their intra-annual variations. To consider the combined effect of both thermal factors under global warming, we propose a modeling framework that links general circulation models (GCMs) with a stochastic weather generator and population dynamics models to predict species population responses to inter- and intra-annual temperature changes. This framework was utilized to explore future changes in populations of Bemisia tabaci, an invasive insect pest-species that affects multiple agricultural systems in the Mediterranean region. We considered three locations representing different pest status and climatic conditions: Montpellier (France), Seville (Spain), and Beit-Jamal (Israel). We produced ensembles of local daily temperature realizations representing current and future (mid-21st century) climatic conditions under two emission scenarios for the three locations. Our simulations predicted a significant increase in the average number of annual generations and in population size, and a significant lengthening of the growing season in all three locations. A negative effect was found only in Seville for the summer season, where future temperatures lead to a reduction in population size. High variability in population size was observed between years with similar annual mean temperatures, suggesting a strong effect of intra-annual temperature variation. Critical periods were from late spring to late summer in Montpellier and from late winter to early summer in Seville and Beit-Jamal. Although our analysis suggested that earlier seasonal activity does not necessarily lead to increased populations load unless an additional generation is produced, it is highly likely that the insect will become a significant pest of open-fields at Mediterranean latitudes above 40° during the next 50 years. Our simulations also implied that current predictions based on mean temperature anomalies are relatively conservative and it is better to apply stochastic tools to resolve complex responses to climate change while taking natural variability into account. In summary, we propose a modeling framework capable of determining distinct intra-annual temperature patterns leading to large or small population sizes, for pest risk assessment and management planning of both natural and agricultural ecosystems.

Current and Emerging Water Distribution Main Renewal Technologies

EPA Science Inventory

The funding needed to address aging underground infrastructure renewals range as high as $325 billion over the next 20 years and with the current annual replacement rate at 0.5%, pipes are being expected to last for 200 years, which is unreasonable considering most pipes are desi...

Valuing the commons: An international study on the recreational benefits of the Baltic Sea.

PubMed

Czajkowski, Mikołaj; Ahtiainen, Heini; Artell, Janne; Budziński, Wiktor; Hasler, Berit; Hasselström, Linus; Meyerhoff, Jürgen; Nõmmann, Tea; Semeniene, Daiva; Söderqvist, Tore; Tuhkanen, Heidi; Lankia, Tuija; Vanags, Alf; Zandersen, Marianne; Żylicz, Tomasz; Hanley, Nick

2015-06-01

The Baltic Sea provides benefits to all of the nine nations along its coastline, with some 85 million people living within the catchment area. Achieving improvements in water quality requires international cooperation. The likelihood of effective cooperation is known to depend on the distribution across countries of the benefits and costs of actions needed to improve water quality. In this paper, we estimate the benefits associated with recreational use of the Baltic Sea in current environmental conditions using a travel cost approach, based on data from a large, standardized survey of households in each of the 9 Baltic Sea states. Both the probability of engaging in recreation (participation) and the number of visits people make are modeled. A large variation in the number of trips and the extent of participation is found, along with large differences in current annual economic benefits from Baltic Sea recreation. The total annual recreation benefits are close to 15 billion EUR. Under a water quality improvement scenario, the proportional increases in benefits range from 7 to 18% of the current annual benefits across countries. Depending on how the costs of actions are distributed, this could imply difficulties in achieving more international cooperation to achieve such improvements. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A plan to study the aquifer system of the Central Valley of California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bertoldi, Gilbert L.

1979-01-01

Unconsolidated Quaternary alluvial deposits comprise a large complex aquifer system in the Central Valley of California. Millions of acre-feet of water is pumped from the system annually to support a large and expanding agribusiness industry. Since the 1950's, water levels have been steadily declining in many areas of the valley and concern has been expressed about the ability of the entire ground-water system to support agribusiness at current levels, not to mention its ability to function at projected expansion levels. At current levels of ground-water use, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million acre-feet is withdrawn from storage each year; that is, 1.5 to 2 million acre-feet of water is pumped annually in excess of annual replenishment. The U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 4-year study to develop geologic, hydrologic, and hydraulic information and to establish a valleywide ground-water data base that will be used to build computer models of the ground-water flow system. Subsequently, these models may be used to evaluate the system response to various ground-water management alternatives. This report describes current problems, objectives of the study, and outlines the general work to be accomplished in the study area. A bibliography of about 600 references is included. (Kosco-USGS)

The life-cycle research productivity of mathematicians and scientists.

PubMed

Diamond, A M

1986-07-01

Declining research productivity with age is implied by economic models of life-cycle human capital investment but is denied by some recent empirical studies. The purpose of the present study is to provide new evidence on whether a scientist's output generally declines with advancing age. A longitudinal data set has been compiled for scientists and mathematicians at six major departments, including data on age, salaries, annual citations (stock of human capital), citations to current output (flow of human capital), and quantity of current output measured both in number of articles and in number of pages. Analysis of the data indicates that salaries peak from the early to mid-60s, whereas annual citations appear to peak from age 39 to 89 for different departments with a mean age of 59 for the 6 departments. The quantity and quality of current research output appear to decline continuously with age.

Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Reed, Sasha C.; Smith, William K.; Cleveland, Cory C.; Miller, Norman L.; Running, Steven W.

2012-01-01

Background/Question/Methods Currently, the United States (U.S.) supplies roughly half the world’s biofuel (secondary bioenergy), with the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) stipulating an additional three-fold increase in annual production by 2022. Implicit in such energy targets is an associated increase in annual biomass demand (primary bioenergy) from roughly 2.9 to 7.4 exajoules (EJ; 1018 Joules). Yet, many of the factors used to estimate future bioenergy potential are relatively unresolved, bringing into question the practicality of the EISA’s ambitious bioenergy targets. Here, our objective was to constrain estimates of primary bioenergy potential (PBP) for the conterminous U.S. using satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) data (measured for every 1 km2 of the 7.2 million km2 of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S) as the most geographically explicit measure of terrestrial growth capacity. Results/Conclusions We show that the annual primary bioenergy potential (PBP) of the conterminous U.S. realistically ranges from approximately 5.9 (± 1.4) to 22.2 (± 4.4) EJ, depending on land use. The low end of this range represents current harvest residuals, an attractive potential energy source since no additional harvest land is required. In contrast, the high end represents an annual harvest over an additional 5.4 million km2 or 75% of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S. While we identify EISA energy targets as achievable, our results indicate that meeting such targets using current technology would require either an 80% displacement of current croplands or the conversion of 60% of total rangelands. Our results differ from previous evaluations in that we use high resolution, satellite-derived NPP as an upper-envelope constraint on bioenergy potential, which removes the need for extrapolation of plot-level observed yields over large spatial areas. Establishing realistically constrained estimates of bioenergy potential seems a critical next step for effectively incorporating bioenergy into future U.S. energy portfolios.

Annual public health and economic benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination: a European estimate.

PubMed

Preaud, Emmanuelle; Durand, Laure; Macabeo, Bérengère; Farkas, Norbert; Sloesen, Brigitte; Palache, Abraham; Shupo, Francis; Samson, Sandrine I

2014-08-07

Vaccination is currently the most effective means of preventing influenza infection. Yet evidence of vaccine performance, and the impact and value of seasonal influenza vaccination across risk groups and between seasons, continue to generate much discussion. Moreover, vaccination coverage is below recommended levels. A model was generated to assess the annual public health benefits and economic importance of influenza vaccination in 5 WHO recommended vaccination target groups (children 6 - 23 months of age; persons with underlying chronic health conditions; pregnant women; health care workers; and, the elderly, 65 years of age) in 27 countries of the European Union. Model estimations were based on standard calculation methods, conservative assumptions, age-based and country-specific data. Out of approximately 180 million Europeans for whom influenza vaccination is recommended, only about 80 million persons are vaccinated. Seasonal influenza vaccination currently prevents an annual average of between 1.6 million and 2.1 million cases of influenza, 45,300 to 65,600 hospitalizations, and 25,200 to 37,200 deaths. To reach the 75% vaccination coverage target set by the EU Council Recommendation in 2009, an additional 57.4 million person would need to be vaccinated in the elderly and other risk groups. By achieving the 75% target rate set in EU-27 countries, average annual influenza- related events averted would increase from current levels to an additional +1.6 to +1.7 million cases, +23,800 to +31,400 hospitalization, +9,800 to +14,300 deaths, +678,500 to +767,800 physician visits, and +883,800 to +1,015,100 lost days of work yearly. Influenza-related costs averted because of vaccination would increase by an additional + €190 to + €226 million yearly, in vaccination target groups. Full implementation of current influenza vaccination recommendations of 75% vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in Europe by the 2014-2015 influenza season could immediately reduce an important public health and economic burden.

Inter-Annual and Shorter-Term Variability in Physical and Biological Characteristics Across Barrow Canyon in August - September 2005-2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashjian, C. J.; Okkonen, S. R.; Campbell, R. G.; Alatalo, P.

2014-12-01

Late summer physical and biological conditions along a 37-km transect crossing Barrow Canyon have been described for the past ten years as part of an ongoing program, supported by multiple funding sources including the NSF AON, focusing on inter-annual variability and the formation of a bowhead whale feeding hotspot near Barrow. These repeated transects (at least two per year, separated in time by days-weeks) provide an opportunity to assess the inter-annual and shorter term (days-weeks) changes in hydrographic structure, ocean temperature, current velocity and transport, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrients, and micro- and mesozooplankton community composition and abundance. Inter-annual variability in all properties was high and was associated with larger scale, meteorological forcing. Shorter-term variability could also be high but was strongly influenced by changes in local wind forcing. The sustained sampling at this location provided critical measures of inter-annual variability that should permit detection of longer-term trends that are associated with ongoing climate change.

A TRMM/GPM retrieval of the total mean generator current for the global electric circuit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peterson, Michael; Deierling, Wiebke; Liu, Chuntao; Mach, Douglas; Kalb, Christina

2017-09-01

A specialized satellite version of the passive microwave electric field retrieval algorithm (Peterson et al., 2015) is applied to observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites to estimate the generator current for the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) and compute its temporal variability. By integrating retrieved Wilson currents from electrified clouds across the globe, we estimate a total mean current of between 1.4 kA (assuming the 7% fraction of electrified clouds producing downward currents measured by the ER-2 is representative) to 1.6 kA (assuming all electrified clouds contribute to the GEC). These current estimates come from all types of convective weather without preference, including Electrified Shower Clouds (ESCs). The diurnal distribution of the retrieved generator current is in excellent agreement with the Carnegie curve (RMS difference: 1.7%). The temporal variability of the total mean generator current ranges from 110% on semi-annual timescales (29% on an annual timescale) to 7.5% on decadal timescales with notable responses to the Madden-Julian Oscillation and El Nino Southern Oscillation. The geographical distribution of current includes significant contributions from oceanic regions in addition to the land-based tropical chimneys. The relative importance of the Americas and Asia chimneys compared to Africa is consistent with the best modern ground-based observations and further highlights the importance of ESCs for the GEC.

53rd Annual Fuze Conference - Next Generation Fuzing - Maximum Advantage for the Warfighter

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-21

Time Engineering AB 3:00 pm BREAK 3:20 pm Advances In Thermal Batteries For Fuzing David E. Harney, Advanced Thermal Batteries , Inc...Currently teaming and collaborating with Advanced Thermal Batteries • and Omnitek Partners to develop an improved thermal battery. • Current

14 CFR 91.417 - Maintenance records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... alteration and records of the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as... propeller, and each rotor. (ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller... are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. (iv) The current inspection status of the...

14 CFR 91.417 - Maintenance records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... alteration and records of the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as... propeller, and each rotor. (ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller... are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. (iv) The current inspection status of the...

Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Annual Maximum and Annual Maximum Moving-Average Concentrations of Atrazine in Streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Wesley W.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Crawford, Charles G.

2008-01-01

Regression models were developed for predicting annual maximum and selected annual maximum moving-average concentrations of atrazine in streams using the Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) methodology developed by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The current effort builds on the original WARP models, which were based on the annual mean and selected percentiles of the annual frequency distribution of atrazine concentrations. Estimates of annual maximum and annual maximum moving-average concentrations for selected durations are needed to characterize the levels of atrazine and other pesticides for comparison to specific water-quality benchmarks for evaluation of potential concerns regarding human health or aquatic life. Separate regression models were derived for the annual maximum and annual maximum 21-day, 60-day, and 90-day moving-average concentrations. Development of the regression models used the same explanatory variables, transformations, model development data, model validation data, and regression methods as those used in the original development of WARP. The models accounted for 72 to 75 percent of the variability in the concentration statistics among the 112 sampling sites used for model development. Predicted concentration statistics from the four models were within a factor of 10 of the observed concentration statistics for most of the model development and validation sites. Overall, performance of the models for the development and validation sites supports the application of the WARP models for predicting annual maximum and selected annual maximum moving-average atrazine concentration in streams and provides a framework to interpret the predictions in terms of uncertainty. For streams with inadequate direct measurements of atrazine concentrations, the WARP model predictions for the annual maximum and the annual maximum moving-average atrazine concentrations can be used to characterize the probable levels of atrazine for comparison to specific water-quality benchmarks. Sites with a high probability of exceeding a benchmark for human health or aquatic life can be prioritized for monitoring.

12 CFR 703.8 - Broker-dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... business; (2) Information available from State or Federal securities regulators and securities industry... should consider current financial data, annual reports, reports of nationally-recognized statistical...

Shaping the Employer Role in Child Care. Preconference Workshop Papers Prepared for 1982 Annual Convention, National Association for the Education of Young Children (Washington, D.C., November 11, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedman, Dana E., Ed.

Included in this document are 24 preconference workshop papers prepared for the 1982 annual convention of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), entitled "Shaping the Employer Role in Child Care." The purposes of the workshop were (1) to provide NAEYC members with a realistic picture of current employer involvement…

Current Explorations of Adult Learner: Implications for Mentoring and More. Adult Higher Education Alliance Annual Conference Proceedings (36th, Orlando, Florida, March 10-11, 2016)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elufiede, Kemi, Ed.; Flynn, Bonnie, Ed.

2016-01-01

The 36th Annual Adult Higher Education Alliance (AHEA) Conference was held on March 10-11, 2016 in Orlando, Florida, on the campus of the University of Central Florida. There were 48 presentations from scholars and practitioners from 20 states who participated in the conference. The contributions to these proceedings represent the best of the…

A Decade of Annual National Land Cover Products - the Cropland Data Layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mueller, R.; Johnson, D. M.; Sandborn, A.; Willis, P.; Ebinger, L.; Yang, Z.; Seffrin, R.; Boryan, C. G.; Hardin, R.

2017-12-01

The Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a national land cover product produced by the US Department of Agriculture/National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to assess planted crop acreage on an annual basis. The 2017 CDL product serves as the decadal anniversary for the mapping of conterminous US agriculture. The CDL is a supervised land cover classification derived from medium resolution Earth observing satellites that capture crop phenology throughout the growing season, leveraging confidentially held ground reference information from the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) as training data. The CDL currently uses ancillary geospatial data from the US Geological Survey's National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and Imperviousness and Forest Canopy layers as well as the National Elevation Dataset as training for the non-agricultural domain. Accuracy assessments are documented and released annually with metadata publication. NASS is currently reprocessing the 2008 and 2009 CDL products to 30m resolution. They were originally processed and released at 56m based on the Resourcesat-1 AWiFS sensor. Additionally, best practices learned from processing the FSA ground reference data were applied to the historical training set, providing an enhanced classification at 30m. The release of these reprocessed products in the fall of 2017, along with the 2017 CDL annual product will be discussed and will complete a decade's worth of annual 30m products. Discussions of change and trend analytics as well as partnerships with key industry stakeholders will be displayed on the evolution and improvements made to this decadal geospatial crop specific land cover product.

Support of evidence-based guidelines for the annual physical examination: a survey of primary care providers.

PubMed

Prochazka, Allan V; Lundahl, Kristy; Pearson, Wesley; Oboler, Sylvia K; Anderson, Robert J

2005-06-27

Current evidence does not support an annual screening physical examination for asymptomatic adults, but little is known about primary care provider (PCP) attitudes and practices regarding an annual physical examination. We conducted a postal survey (32 items) of attitudes and practices regarding the annual physical examination (in asymptomatic patients 18 years or older) of a random sample of PCPs (specializing in internal medicine, family practice, and obstetrics/gynecology) from 3 geographic areas (Boston, Mass; Denver, Colo; and San Diego, Calif). Respondents included 783 (47%) of 1679 PCPs. Overall, 430 (65%) of 664 agreed that an annual physical examination is necessary. Three hundred ninety-three (55%) of 712 disagreed with the statement that national organizations do not recommend an annual physical examination, and 641 (88%) of 726 perform such examinations. Most PCPs agreed that an annual physical examination provides time to counsel patients about preventive health services (696/739 [94%]), improves patient-physician relationships (693/737 [94%]), and is desired by most patients (572/737 [78%]). Most also believe that an annual physical examination improves detection of subclinical illness (545/738 [74%]) and is of proven value (461/736 [63%]). Many believed that tests should be part of an annual physical examination, including mammography (44%), a lipid panel (48%), urinalysis (44%), testing of blood glucose level (46%), and complete blood cell count (39%). Despite contrary evidence, most PCPs believe an annual physical examination detects subclinical illness, and many report performing unproven screening laboratory tests. Primary care providers do not appear to accept recommendations that annual physical examinations be abandoned in favor of a more selective approach to preventing health problems.

Energy conservation indicators. 1982 annual report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belzer, D.B.

A series of Energy Conservation Indicators were developed for the Department of Energy to assist in the evaluation of current and proposed conservation strategies. As descriptive statistics that signify current conditions and trends related to efficiency of energy use, indicators provide a way of measuring, monitoring, or inferring actual responses by consumers in markets for energy services. Related sets of indicators are presented in some 40 one-page indicator summaries. Indicators are shown graphically, followed by several paragraphs that explain their derivation and highlight key findings. Indicators are classified according to broad end-use sectors: Aggregate (economy), Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation andmore » Electric Utilities. In most cases annual time series information is presented covering the period 1960 through 1981.« less

Tradeoffs between water requirements and yield stability in annual vs. perennial crops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vico, Giulia; Brunsell, Nathaniel A.

2018-02-01

Population growth and changes in climate and diets will likely further increase the pressure on agriculture and water resources globally. Currently, staple crops are obtained from annuals plants. A shift towards perennial crops may enhance many ecosystem services, but at the cost of higher water requirements and lower yields. It is still unclear when the advantages of perennial crops overcome their disadvantages and perennial crops are thus a sustainable solution. Here we combine a probabilistic description of the soil water balance and crop development with an extensive dataset of traits of congeneric annuals and perennials to identify the conditions for which perennial crops are more viable than annual ones with reference to yield, yield stability, and effective use of water. We show that the larger and more developed roots of perennial crops allow a better exploitation of soil water resources and a reduction of yield variability with respect to annual species, but their yields remain lower when considering grain crops. Furthermore, perennial crops have higher and more variable irrigation requirements and lower water productivity. These results are important to understand the potential consequences for yield, its stability, and water resource use of a shift from annual to perennial crops and, more generally, if perennial crops may be more resilient than annual crops in the face of climatic fluctuations.

A climatology of the California Current System from a network of underwater gliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudnick, Daniel L.; Zaba, Katherine D.; Todd, Robert E.; Davis, Russ E.

2017-05-01

Autonomous underwater gliders offer the possibility of sustained observation of the coastal ocean. Since 2006 Spray underwater gliders in the California Underwater Glider Network (CUGN) have surveyed along California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) lines 66.7, 80.0, and 90.0, constituting the world's longest sustained glider network, to our knowledge. In this network, gliders dive between the surface and 500 m, completing a cycle in 3 h and covering 3 km in that time. Sections extend 350-500 km offshore and take 2-3 weeks to occupy. Measured variables include pressure, temperature, salinity, and depth-average velocity. The CUGN has amassed over 10,000 glider-days, covering over 210,000 km with over 95,000 dives. These data are used to produce a climatology whose products are for each variable a mean field, an annual cycle, and the anomaly from the annual cycle. The analysis includes a weighted least-squares fit to derive the mean and annual cycle, and an objective map to produce the anomaly. The final results are variables on rectangular grids in depth, distance offshore, and time. The mean fields are finely resolved sections across the main flows in the California Current System, including the poleward California Undercurrent and the equatorward California Current. The annual cycle shows a phase change from the surface to the thermocline, reflecting the effects of air/sea fluxes at the surface and upwelling in the thermocline. The interannual anomalies are examined with an emphasis on climate events of the last ten years including the 2009-2010 El Niño, the 2010-2011 La Niña, the warm anomaly of 2014-2015, and the 2015-2016 El Niño.

The 10th Annual Bioassays and Bioanalytical Method Development Conference.

PubMed

Ma, Mark; Tudan, Christopher; Koltchev, Dolly

2015-01-01

The 10th Annual Bioassays and Bioanalytical Method Development Conference was hosted in Boston, MA, USA on 20-22 October 2014. This meeting brought together scientists from the biopharmaceutical and life sciences industries, the regulatory agency and academia to share and discuss current trends in cell-based assays and bioanalysis, challenges and ideas for the future of the bioassays and bioanalytical method development. The experiences associated with new and innovative technologies were evaluated as well as their impact on the current bioassays methodologies and bioanalysis workflow, including quality, feasibility, outsourcing strategies and challenges, productivity and compliance. Several presentations were also provided by members of the US FDA, sharing both scientific and regulatory paradigms including a most recent update on the position of the FDA with specific aspects of the draft Bioanalytical Method Validation guidance following its review of the industry's responses. The meeting was jointly coincided with the 15th Annual Immunogenicity for Biotherapeutics meeting, allowing for attendees to also familiarize themselves with new and emerging approaches to overcome the effect of immunogenicity, in addition to investigative strategies.

Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay

USGS Publications Warehouse

Foster, G.D.; Miller, C.V.; Huff, T.B.; Roberts, E.

2003-01-01

Concentrations of current-use pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine (OC) insecticides were determined above the reach of tide in the Chesterville Branch and Nanticoke River on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay during base-flow and storm-flow hydrologic regimes to evaluate mass transport to Chesapeake Bay. The two rivers monitored showed relatively high concentrations of atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in comparison to previously investigated western shore tributaries, and reflected the predominant agricultural land use in the eastern shore watersheds. The four current use pesticides showed the greatest seasonal contribution to annual loadings to tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay from the two rivers, and the relative order of annual loadings for the other contaminant classes was PAHs > PCBs > OC insecticides. Annual loadings normalized to the landscape areas of selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds showed correlations to identifiable source areas, with the highest pesticide yields (g/km2/yr) occurring in eastern shore agricultural landscapes, and the highest PAH yields derived from urban regions.

International energy indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, R. M.

1981-07-01

Data are presented in graphs and tables on the following: world crude oil production by area, annually, 1974 through 1980, and monthly, October 1980 through April 1981; OPEC crude oil productive capacity, installed, maximum sustainable, and available, by country; world crude oil and refined product inventory levels, 1975 through 1981; oil consumption in OCED countries, 1975 through 1981; USSR crude oil production and exports, 1975 through April 1981; free world (by country) and US nuclear electricity generation, 1973 through 1980 and January to May 1981 and current capacity by country; US domestic oil supply (monthly) 1977 through 1980; US gross imports of crude oil and products, 1973 and 1974 annually, and 1975 through 1980 and monthly from January to June 1981; cost of Saudi crude oil in current and 1974 dollars from December 1974 through March 1981; US coal trade from January 1975 to March 1981; US natural gas trade from January 1975 through April 1981; summary of US merchandise trade, quarterly, from Quarter I, 1977 through Quarter I, 1981; and US energy/GNP ratio, annually, 1974 through 1980, and quarterly from 1974 through March 1981.

The predicted CLARREO sampling error of the inter-annual SW variability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doelling, D. R.; Keyes, D. F.; Nguyen, C.; Macdonnell, D.; Young, D. F.

2009-12-01

The NRC Decadal Survey has called for SI traceability of long-term hyper-spectral flux measurements in order to monitor climate variability. This mission is called the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) and is currently defining its mission requirements. The requirements are focused on the ability to measure decadal change of key climate variables at very high accuracy. The accuracy goals are set using anticipated climate change magnitudes, but the accuracy achieved for any given climate variable must take into account the temporal and spatial sampling errors based on satellite orbits and calibration accuracy. The time period to detect a significant trend in the CLARREO record depends on the magnitude of the sampling calibration errors relative to the current inter-annual variability. The largest uncertainty in climate feedbacks remains the effect of changing clouds on planetary energy balance. Some regions on earth have strong diurnal cycles, such as maritime stratus and afternoon land convection; other regions have strong seasonal cycles, such as the monsoon. However, when monitoring inter-annual variability these cycles are only important if the strength of these cycles vary on decadal time scales. This study will attempt to determine the best satellite constellations to reduce sampling error and to compare the error with the current inter-annual variability signal to ensure the viability of the mission. The study will incorporate Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) (Monthly TOA/Surface Averages) SRBAVG product TOA LW and SW climate quality fluxes. The fluxes are derived by combining Terra (10:30 local equator crossing time) CERES fluxes with 3-hourly 5-geostationary satellite estimated broadband fluxes, which are normalized using the CERES fluxes, to complete the diurnal cycle. These fluxes were saved hourly during processing and considered the truth dataset. 90°, 83° and 74° inclination precessionary orbits as well as sun-synchronous orbits will be evaluated. This study will focus on the SW radiance, since these low earth orbits are only in daylight for half the orbit. The precessionary orbits were designed to cycle through all solar zenith angles over the course of a year. The inter-annual variability sampling error will be stratified globally/zonally and annually/seasonally and compared with the corresponding truth anomalies.

Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey's rainfall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emanuel, Kerry

2017-11-01

We estimate, for current and future climates, the annual probability of areally averaged hurricane rain of Hurricane Harvey's magnitude by downscaling large numbers of tropical cyclones from three climate reanalyses and six climate models. For the state of Texas, we estimate that the annual probability of 500 mm of area-integrated rainfall was about 1% in the period 1981–2000 and will increase to 18% over the period 2081–2100 under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 representative concentration pathway 8.5. If the frequency of such event is increasingly linearly between these two periods, then in 2017 the annual probability would be 6%, a sixfold increase since the late 20th century.

Improving Aerosol and Visibility Forecasting Capabilities Using Current and Future Generations of Satellite Observations

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

forcing through an ensemble-based method. The results of our findings were presented at the 2013 American Meteorological Society (AMS) annual meeting...Forcing to the Existing Satellite Observations, 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas, January 5-10, 2013b...Ceburnis, D., Chang, R., Clarke, A., de Leeuw, G., Deane, G., DeMott, P. J., Elliot, S., Facchini, M. C., Fairall, C. W., Hawkins, L., Hu, Y., Hudson , J

Detection and Elimination of Oncogenic Signalling Networks in Premalignant and Malignant Cells with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

DATE : October 2015 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual Report PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702...not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE October 2015 2. REPORT TYPE...Annual 3. DATES COVERED 30Sep2014 - 29Sep2015 Detection and Elimination of Oncogenic Signaling Networks in Premalignant and Malignant Cells with

Detection and Elimination of Oncogenic Signaling Networks in Premalignant and Malignant Cells with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

DATE : October 2015 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual Report PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702...not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE October 2015 2. REPORT TYPE...Annual 3. DATES COVERED 30Sep2014 - 29Sep2015 Detection and Elimination of Oncogenic Signaling Networks in Premalignant and Malignant Cells with

The Office of the Future--Implications for Change in Education. Position Papers: Annual Business Education Invitational Forum (4th, Provo, Utah, 1977). Research and Service Project Number 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, Max L., Ed.

This publication contains six position papers presented by guest businessmen during the fourth annual Business Education Invitational Forum on the topic of implications of current change and technology in the environment in the office of the future. The article, The Office in the 1970's, describes the office as it is and as it is evolving, defines…

2003 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for ORNL. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

2003 Y-12 National Security Complex Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for Y-12. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The IISP monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

2003 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for Lawrence Livermore National Lab. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The IISP monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

2003 Sandia National Laboratories--Albuquerque Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for Sandia National Laboratories-Albuquerque. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The IISP monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

2016 Annual Technology Baseline (ATB)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cole, Wesley; Kurup, Parthiv; Hand, Maureen

Consistent cost and performance data for various electricity generation technologies can be difficult to find and may change frequently for certain technologies. With the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB), National Renewable Energy Laboratory provides an organized and centralized dataset that was reviewed by internal and external experts. It uses the best information from the Department of Energy laboratory's renewable energy analysts and Energy Information Administration information for conventional technologies. The ATB will be updated annually in order to provide an up-to-date repository of current and future cost and performance data. Going forward, we plan to revise and refine the values usingmore » best available information. The ATB includes both a presentation with notes (PDF) and an associated Excel Workbook. The ATB includes the following electricity generation technologies: land-based wind; offshore wind; utility-scale solar PV; concentrating solar power; geothermal power; hydropower plants (upgrades to existing facilities, powering non-powered dams, and new stream-reach development); conventional coal; coal with carbon capture and sequestration; integrated gasification combined cycle coal; natural gas combustion turbines; natural gas combined cycle; conventional biopower. Nuclear laboratory's renewable energy analysts and Energy Information Administration information for conventional technologies. The ATB will be updated annually in order to provide an up-to-date repository of current and future cost and performance data. Going forward, we plan to revise and refine the values using best available information.« less

The role of transvaginal ultrasonography for detecting ovarian cancer in an asymptomatic screening population: a systematic review.

PubMed

Buhling, Kai J; Lezon, S; Eulenburg, C; Schmalfeldt, B

2017-05-01

The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the effect of transvaginal ultrasonography in an asymptomatic female population as an annual screening procedure with regard to mortality data. Studies were evaluated descriptively on their strengths and weaknesses considering the methods and results. We evaluated 632 international studies by selecting only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three RCTs concerning transvaginal ultrasonography were found, performed in Japan, the USA, and Great Britain. Currently, no clear recommendation for the screening for ovarian cancer in an asymptomatic population can be given based on these three studies. The authors could not show a change in mortality using transvaginal ultrasonography for annual screening. An annual palpation does not offer a beneficial effect. The development of new ultrasound machines with higher image resolution in combination with a well-standardized algorithm for ovarian cancer in upcoming years might provide an improvement regarding mortality. The current studies do not show a benefit in screening an asymptomatic population annually with transvaginal ultrasonography, but the most recent publication showed a trend toward lower mortality in patients who underwent screening after 7-14 years of follow-up. Nevertheless, all three heterogeneous RCTs had weaknesses in their methods and therefore they neither contradict the general recommendation for screening in an asymptomatic population nor do they support it.

Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2013.

PubMed

Suh, Mina; Choi, Kui Son; Park, Boyoung; Lee, Yoon Young; Jun, Jae Kwan; Lee, Duk-Hyoung; Kim, Yeol

2016-01-01

The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide cross-sectional survey, has been conducted annually since 2004. The current study was conducted to report on the trends in screening rates among Korean men and women, and to evaluate policies regarding cancer screening programs implemented to reduce the burden of cancer. The current study used KNCSS data. The eligible study population included men aged 40-74 years and women aged 30-74 years with no cancer history. The lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated for five major cancers (i.e., stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri). The screening rates with recommendation increased by 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7% to 4.8%) annually for stomach cancer, 1.2% (95% CI, 0.1% to 2.4%) for liver cancer, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.8% to 4.1%) for colorectal cancer, 3.7% (95% CI, 2.7% to 4.8%) for breast cancer, and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.8%) for cervical cancer. In 2013, the screening rates with recommendation for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers were 73.6%, 33.6%, 55.6%, 59.7%, and 67.0%, respectively. Both the lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation for the five above-mentioned cancers increased annually from 2004 to 2013.

Annual and longitudinal variations of the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lolk, Nina K.

1992-01-01

The climatological annual cycle of the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) simulated by an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) was studied. The longitudinal variation of transports, degree of geostrophy, and the relationship between Ekman pumping and vertical displacement of the thermocline were emphasized. The longitudinal variation was explored using six sections along 150 deg E, 180 deg, 160 deg W, 140 deg W, 125 deg W, and 110 deg W. A primitive equation OGCM of the Pacific Ocean was run for three years and the fields used were from the third year. The fields consisted of zonal, meridional, and vertical current components and temperature and salinity averaged every three days. The model was forced with the Hellerman and Rosenstein climatological wind stress. The mean annual eastward transport (19.9 Sv) was largest at 160 deg W. The maximum-current boundaries along 160 deg W were 9.2 deg N (1.0 deg), 5.1 deg N (1.1 deg), and 187 m (90.6 m). The annual-cycle amplitude of the NECC was greatest between 160 deg W and 140 deg W. Although the NECC is geostrophic to the first order, deviations from geostrophy were found in the boreal spring and summer near the southern boundary and near the surface. Meridional local acceleration played a role between 3 deg N-5 deg N.

Financial expectations of first-year veterinary students.

PubMed

Lim, Christine C; Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam; Root Kustritz, Margaret V; Molgaard, Laura K; Lee, David

2015-07-15

To assess student awareness of the financial costs of pursuing a veterinary education, to determine student expectations for financial returns of a veterinary career, and to identify associations between student debt and factors such as future career plans or personality type. Survey. First-year veterinary students at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine. In 2013, prior to the first day of class, all incoming first-year students received an email invitation to complete an online survey. The survey contained questions about demographics, current financial situation, current debt, expected debt at graduation, expected annual income following graduation, intent to pursue specialty training, and Myers-Briggs personality type. 72 of 102 (71%) students completed the survey; 65 respondents answered all relevant questions and provided usable data. Student responses for expected debt at graduation were comparable to national averages for veterinary college graduates; responses for expected annual income following graduation were lower than averages for University of Minnesota veterinary college graduates and national averages. However, students predicted even lower annual income if they did not attend veterinary college. Expected debt and expected annual income were not correlated with factors such as personality type or future career plans. Results indicated that first-year veterinary students were aware of the financial costs of their veterinary education and had realistic expectations for future salaries. For typical veterinary students, attending veterinary college appeared to be financially worthwhile, given lower expected earnings otherwise.

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World. 1990 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Close Up Foundation, Arlington, VA.

This annual publication seeks to inform interested readers about issues currently confronting the United States. The introductory section briefly discusses the 101st Congress, members of the Bush administration, and the Supreme Court. The federal budget process is also discussed in this section. The section on domestic policy issues contains the…

Booming Economy Fuels Continued Expansion of For-Profit Child Care--Annual Status Report #13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neugebauer, Roger

2000-01-01

Discusses growth of North America's 40 largest for- profit child care centers. Identifies current threats, including staffing shortage and increasing competition from public schools and among chains. Identifies current opportunities to include employer and franchise child care, upscale child care, elementary school services, and flexible hours.…

40 CFR 1054.660 - What are the provisions for exempting emergency rescue equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certified to current emission standards under the following conditions if the equipment will be used solely in emergency rescue situations: (1) You must determine annually that no engines certified to current... situations” means firefighting or other situations in which a person is retrieved from imminent danger. (c...

The State of Knowledge of Outdoor Orientation Programs: Current Practices, Research, and Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Brent J.; Gass, Michael A.; Nafziger, Christopher S.; Starbuck, J. David

2014-01-01

Outdoor orientation programs represent a prominent area of experiential education with over 25,000 participants annually. More than 191 outdoor orientation programs currently operate in the United States and Canada. The research examining outdoor orientation programs consists of 25 peer-reviewed published studies and 11 dissertations. A new theory…

77 FR 48539 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection Semi...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0021] Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Grants To Enhance Culturally and Linguistically Specific Services for Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking ACTION: 60-Day Notice. The...

76 FR 27347 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1122-0011] Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments Requested: Semi-Annual Progress Report for Grantees From the Grants to State Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Coalitions Program ACTION: 30-Day notice of information collection under review. The...

76 FR 27349 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection; Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-08

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

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78 FR 43918 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Extension of a Currently Approved Collection Semi...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

... Program. The Sexual Assault Services Program (SASP), created by the Violence Against Women Act of 2005... of a Currently Approved Collection Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Tribal Sexual Assault Services Program ACTION: 60-Day Notice. The Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) will be...

The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the development of emphysema in smokers assessed by annual computed tomography.

PubMed

Shaker, Saher B; Dirksen, Asger; Ulrik, Charlotte S; Hestad, Marianne; Stavngaard, Trine; Laursen, Lars C; Maltbaek, Niels; Clementsen, Paul; Skjaerbaek, Nanna; Nielsen, Lars; Stoel, Berend; Skovgaard, Lene T; Tonnesen, Philip

2009-04-01

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on disease progression in smokers with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as assessed by annual computed tomography (CT) using lung density (LD) measurements. Two hundred and fifty-four current smokers with COPD were randomised to treatment with either an inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), budesonide 400 microg bid, or placebo. COPD was defined as FEV(1) < or = 70% pred, FEV(1)/FVC < or = 60% and no reversibility to beta(2)-agonists and oral corticosteroids. The patients were followed for 2-4 years with biannual spirometry and annual CT and comprehensive lung function tests (LFT). CT images were analysed using Pulmo-CMS software. LD was derived from a pixel-density histogram of the whole lung as the 15th percentile density (PD15) and the relative area of emphysema at a threshold of -910 Hounsfield units (RA-910), and both were volume-adjusted to predicted total lung capacity. At baseline, mean age was 64 years and 64 years; mean number of pack-years was 56 and 56; mean FEV(1) was 1.53 L (51% pred) and 1.53 L (53% pred); mean PD15 was 103 g/L and 104 g/L; and mean RA-910 was 14% and 13%, respectively, for the budesonide and placebo groups. The annual fall in PD15 was -1.12 g/L in the budesonide group and -1.81 g/L in the placebo group (p = 0.09); the annual increase in RA-910 was 0.4% in the budesonide group and 1.1% in the placebo group (p = 0.02). There was no difference in annual decline in FEV(1) between ICS (-54 mL) and placebo (-56 mL) (p = 0.89). Long-term budesonide inhalation shows a non-significant trend towards reducing the progression of emphysema as determined by the CT-derived 15th percentile lung density from annual CT scans in current smokers with moderate to severe COPD.

Annual Variations of the Geomagnetic Field in the Earth's Polar Regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ou, Jiaming; Du, Aimin

2017-04-01

The annual variations of the geomagnetic field play an important role in the coupling processes between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere. The annual variation is a well-established feature of the geomagnetic field, and usually is applied for modeling the conductivity of the lower mantle [Parkinson, 1983], and for long-term space weather forecasting [Bartels, 1932; Malin and Mete Isikara, 1976; Gonzalez et al., 1994]. Considerable effort has been devoted toward understanding the causes of the geomagnetic field variations, but the suggested physical mechanisms differ widely. The annual variation is relatively weak in many magnetic indices, but it has a distinct signature in the geomagnetic components. Thus, we use the components for this analysis. The components have a positive peak in northern summer and a negative dip in winter [Vestine, 1954]. Vestine [1954] suggested that the annual variation is caused by an ionospheric dynamo in which electric currents in the ionosphere are generated by meridional winds. The winds blow from north-to-south during northern summer, and south-to-north in northern winter. Malin and Mete Isikara [1976], using near-midnight geomagnetic data, concluded that the annual variation results from a latitudinal movement of the auroral electrojet or the ring current. Stauning [2011] derived of the seasonal variation of the quiet daily variations and examined the influence of the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field. Ziegger and Mursula [1998] have suggested a third mechanism: that the cause is related to an asymmetric solar wind speed distribution across the heliographic equator. In this paper, we study the annual variation problem using long-term magnetic observation and ionospheric conductivity. The sunlight incident on the ionosphere will be calculated. Although a global analysis is done, particular focus will be placed on the polar regions. This study covers the interval 1990-2010, and the cause of the well-known fundamental north-south and seasonal anti-correlations is discussed. Reference 1. Malin, S. R. C., A. Mete Isikaka (1976), Annual variation of the geomagnetic field, J. R. Astron. Soc., 47, 445-457, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb07096.x. 2. Stauning, P. (2011), Determination of the quiet daily geomagnetic variations for polar regions, J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phy., 73, 2314-2330, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.07.004.

Estimates of Ground-Water Recharge to the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington, for Predevelopment and Current Land-Use and Land-Cover Conditions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Vaccaro, J.J.; Olsen, T.D.

2007-01-01

Two models were used to estimate ground-water recharge to the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington for predevelopment (estimate of natural conditions) and current (a multi-year, 1995-2004, composite) land-use and land-cover conditions. The models were the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Deep Percolation Model (DPM) that are contained in the U.S. Geological Survey's Modular Modeling System. Daily values of recharge were estimated for water years 1950-98 using previously developed PRMS-watershed models for four mainly forested upland areas, and for water years 1950-2003 using DPM applied to 17 semiarid to arid areas in the basin. The mean annual recharge under predevelopment conditions was estimated to be about 11.9 in. or 5,450 ft3/s (about 3.9 million acre-ft) for the 6,207 mi2 in the modeled area. In the modeled areas, recharge ranged from 0.08 in. (1.2 ft3/s) to 34 in. (2,825 ft3/s). About 97 percent of the recharge occurred in the 3,667 mi2 area included in the upland-area models, but much of this quantity is not available to recharge the bedrock hydrogeologic units. Only about 1.0 in., or 187 ft3/s (about 0.14 million acre-ft), was estimated to occur in the 2,540 mi2 area included in the semiarid to arid lowland modeled areas. The mean annual recharge to the aquifer system under current conditions was estimated to be about 15.6 in., or 7,149 ft3/s (about 5.2 million acre-ft). The increase in recharge is due to the application of irrigation water to croplands. The annual quantity of irrigation was more than five times the annual precipitation for some of the modeled areas. Mean annual actual evapotranspiration was estimated to have increased from predevelopment conditions by more than 1,700 ft3/s (about 1.2 million acre-ft) due to irrigation.

[Distributions of the numbers of monitoring stations in the surveillance of infectious diseases in Japan].

PubMed

Murakami, Y; Hashimoto, S; Taniguchi, K; Nagai, M

1999-12-01

To describe the characteristics of monitoring stations for the infectious disease surveillance system in Japan, we compared the distributions of the number of monitoring stations in terms of population, region, size of medical institution, and medical specialty. The distributions of annual number of reported cases in terms of the type of diseases, the size of medical institution, and medical specialty were also compared. We conducted a nationwide survey of the pediatrics stations (16 diseases), ophthalmology stations (3 diseases) and the stations of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (5 diseases) in Japan. In the survey, we collected the data of monitoring stations and the annual reported cases of diseases. We also collected the data on the population, served by the health center where the monitoring stations existed, from the census. First, we compared the difference between the present number of monitoring stations and the current standard established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW). Second, we compared the distribution of all medical institutions in Japan and the monitoring stations in terms of the size of the medical institution. Third, we compared the average number of annual reported cases of diseases in terms of the size of medical institution and the medical specialty. In most health centers, the number of monitoring stations achieved the current standard of MHW, while a few health centers had no monitoring station, although they had a large population. Most prefectures also achieved the current standard of MHW, but some prefectures were well below the standard. Among pediatric stations, the sampling proportion of large hospitals was higher than other categories. Among the ophthalmology stations, the sampling proportion of hospitals was higher than other categories. Among the STD stations, the sampling proportion of clinics of obstetrics and gynecology was lower than other categories. Except for some diseases, it made little difference in the average number of annual reported cases of diseases in terms of the type of medical institution. Among STD, there was a great difference in the average number of annual reported cases of diseases in terms of medical specialty.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory 1956 Quarterly Administrative Reports

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.

2007-01-01

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Summaries have been published in the current format since 1956. The Quarterly Summaries (1956 through 1973) and the Annual Summaries (1974 through 1985) were originally published as Administrative Reports. These reports have been compiled and published as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The quarterly reports have been combined and published as one annual summary. All the summaries from 1956 to the present are now available as .pdf files at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod. This report consists of four parts.

DEMONSTRATION AND TESTING OF AN EER OPTIMIZER SYSTEM FOR DX AIR-CONDITIONERS

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-07

Performance-Based Maintenance PCS Power Current Sensor PLC Programmable Logic Controller ppm Parts Per Million PSIG Pounds per Square Inch Gauge PVS Power...all utilities and facilities at Patrick AFB, Cape Canaveral AFS, Jonathan Dickinson Military Tracking Annex, Malabar Annex, Ramey Solar Observatory...Cost 8,057 0 Annual O&M Cost 453 1191 Annual FD&D Monitoring 880 ‐ BLCC LIFE CYCLE RESULTS Energy Savings $12,317 O&M Net Savings $493 PV  Life Cycle

United States Air Force Hearing Conservation Program, Annual Report for Calendar Year 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

Program (HCP) section prepares an annual status report on the USAF HCP in accordance with Air Force Instruction 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing...Conservation Program, Section 2.9.2.17, and Department of Defense Instruction 6055.12, Hearing Conservation Program. This report covers calendar year...covers information regarding software implementation status, HCP effectiveness metrics, to include an overview of a few standard reports currently available in the DOEHRS-HC DR database, and our recommendations.

Army Facility Energy Demand and the Impact on National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-30

grown from about $15B in 1995 to $46B in 2005.17 Iran’s annual oil revenues have increased approximately $30B (200%) compared with a decade ago...uses up 25 percent of the world’s annual energy production. Additionally, the United States currently imports 26 percent of its total energy supply...insurgent groups fighting U.S. forces.”16 Iran, Venezuela and Sudan are examples of countries that benefit from increased oil revenues , while at the

Water Science and Technology Board annual report 1989

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-01-01

This report summarizes the activities of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) and its subgroups during 1989, it seventh year of existence. It describes current and recently completed projects, new activities scheduled to begin in 1990, and plans for the future. The report also includes information on Board and committee memberships, program operational features, and reports produced during the past several years. This annual report is an introduction to the WSTB and its program for the year. 4 figs.

Development of a PET Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Imaging Agent: Preclinical Translation for Future Clinical Application

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

94103 REPORT DATE : October 2017 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland...display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE October 2017 2. REPORT TYPE...Annual 3. DATES COVERED 30 Sep 2016 - 29 Sep 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Development of a PET Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen

Development of Tethered Hsp90 Inhibitors Carrying Radioiodinated Probes to Specifically Discriminate and Kill Malignant Breast Tumor Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-01

DATE : May 2017 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012...currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE May 2017 2. REPORT TYPE Annual 3. DATES COVERED...chemistry efforts to synthesize a non-radioactive tethered Hsp90 inhibitor, methods developed for stannylation of the molecule such that it can be

Radiolabeled Exosomes for the Early Detection of Metastases and to Predict Breast Cancer Premetastatic Niche

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-31

University REPORT DATE : August 31, 2015 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual, Year 2 PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick...if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE August 31, 2015 2...REPORT TYPE Annual 3. DATES COVERED August 01, 2014 - July 31, 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Radiolabeled Exosomes for the Early Detection of

Development of Tethered Hsp90 Inhibitors Carrying Radioiodinated Probes to Specifically Discriminate and Kill Malignant Breast Tumor Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-01

REPORT DATE : May 2017 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012...currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE May 2017 2. REPORT TYPE Annual 3. DATES ... methods developed for stannylation of the molecule such that it can be effectively radioiodinated with either 131I or 124I. Two paths of synthesis

High-Resolution Radioluminescence Microscopy for the Study of Prostate Tissue Slice Cell Metabolism and Monitoring of Treatment Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

University, The Stanford CA 94305-2004 REPORT DATE : October 2015 TYPE OF REPORT: annual PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel... DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) October 2015 2. REPORT TYPE Annual Report 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 30 Sep 2014 - 29 Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Monitoring...ABSTRACT Currently, prostate cancers are classified using the Gleason Grade system and immunohistochemistry. The shortcoming of this method is that

2003 Nevada Test Site Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for the Nevada Test Site. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

2003 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety and Security, Office of Illness and Injury Prevention Programs

2007-05-23

Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Program report for 2003 for Idaho National Lab. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of epidemiologic surveillance activities that provide an early warning system for health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence of workdays, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.

Suspended sediment yield of New Jersey coastal plain streams draining into the Delaware estuary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mansue, Lawrence J.

1972-01-01

The purpose of this report is to summarize sediment data collected at selected stream-sampling sites in southern New Jersey. Computations of excepted average annual yields at each sampling site were made and utilized to estimate the annual yield at ungaged sites. Similar data currently are being compiled for streams draining Pennsylvania and Delaware. It is planned to report on the combined information at a later date in the Geological Survey's Water-Supply Paper series.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Increase Following the Termination of a Perennial Legume Phase of an Annual Crop Rotation within the Red River Valley, Manitoba

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanis, K. L.; Tenuta, M.; Amiro, B. D.; Glenn, A. J.; Maas, S.; Gervais, M.

2013-12-01

Perennial legume forages may have the potential to increase soil carbon sequestration and decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to the atmosphere when introduced into annual cropping systems. However, little is known about what short-term effect the return to annual cropping following termination of perennial legume forage would have on carbon dioxide (CO2) and N2O emissions. Furthermore, there are few quantitative measurements about this impact on the Canadian Prairies. A long-term field experiment to continuously measure CO2 and N2O fluxes was established at the Trace Gas Manitoba (TGAS-MAN) Long Term Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Site at Glenlea, Manitoba using the flux gradient micrometeorlogical technique with a tunable diode laser analyzer. The soil is poorly drained clay in the Red River Valley. The field experiment consisted of four 4-hectare plots planted to corn in 2006 and faba bean in 2007. In 2008, grass-alfalfa forage was introduced to two plots (annual - perennial) and grown until 2011 whereas the other two plots (annual) were planted to annual crops: spring wheat, rapeseed, barley and spring wheat in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. In late September of 2011 the grass-alfalfa forage was killed and in 2012 all four plots were planted with corn. Termination of the grass-alfalfa forage resulted in greater fall CO2 emissions in 2011, greater spring melt CO2 emissions and net annual N2O emissions in 2012 from the annual-perennial plots when compared to the annual plots. Over seven crop years (2006-2012), the annual - perennial system increased carbon uptake by 3.4 Mg C ha-1 and reduced N2O emissions by 3.0 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 compared to the annual system. However after accounting for harvest removals both the annual and annual-perennial systems were net carbon sources of 5.7 and 2.5 Mg C ha-1 and net GHG sources of 38 and 24 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 respectively. We are currently following the long-term impacts of inclusion of perennial forages in an annual cropping system.

Annual minimum temperature variations in early 21st century in Punjab, Pakistan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jahangir, Misbah; Maria Ali, Syeda; Khalid, Bushra

2016-01-01

Climate change is a key emerging threat to the global environment. It imposes long lasting impacts both at regional and national level. In the recent era, global warming and extreme temperatures have drawn great interest to the scientific community. As in a past century considerable increase in global surface temperatures have been observed and predictions revealed that it will continue in the future. In this regard, current study mainly focused on analysis of regional climatic change (annual minimum temperature trends and its correlation with land surface temperatures in the early 21st century in Punjab) for a period of 1979-2013. The projected model data European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) has been used for eight Tehsils of Punjab i.e., annual minimum temperatures and annual seasonal temperatures. Trend analysis of annual minimum and annual seasonal temperature in (Khushab, Noorpur, Sargodha, Bhalwal, Sahiwal, Shahpur, Sillanwali and Chinoit) tehsils of Punjab was carried out by Regression analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data was used in comparison with Model data for the month of May from the years 2000, 2009 and 2010. Results showed that no significant trends were observed in annual minimum temperature. A significant change was observed in Noorpur, Bhalwal, Shahpur, Sillanwali, Sahiwal, Chinoit and Sargodha tehsils during spring season, which indicated that this particular season was a transient period of time.

Advanced Heart Failure

MedlinePlus

... must be made. Do I want to receive aggressive treatment? Is quality of life more important than ... American Heart Association recommends: An annual heart failure review to discuss how well you are functioning, current ...

76 FR 66319 - Notice of Certain Operating Cost Adjustment Factors for 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

..., Residential Energy Price, 2009-2010 annual prices in dollars per 1,000 cubic feet at the state level. Due to... used as the best available indicator of OCAFs for these areas. The best current price data sources for..., electricity, and natural gas from Department of Energy surveys are relatively current and continue to be used...

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World [and] Current Issues Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whittaker, Lynn Page

1991-01-01

This annual publication contains reading materials designed to help students understand the complexities of the domestic and foreign policy issues facing the United States. The first portion of the book features background reading on the structure of the Federal Government. Next, 10 domestic policy issues are covered: the economy, education, civil…

Women and Men in the United States: March 2002. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spraggins, Renee E.

This report compares the status of women and men on such measures as age, marital status, educational attainment, occupation, income, and poverty status. Findings are based on data collected by the Census Bureau in the Annual Demographic Supplement to the March 2002 Current Population Survey. Overall, women slightly outnumber men in the total…

Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and future direction

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) was reported in the late 1980's. PRRS still is a huge economic concern to the global pig industry with a current annual loss estimated at one billion US dollars in North America alone. It has been 20 years since the fi...

CURRENT PROJECTS ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1964.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PERLMAN, JACOB

THIS PUBLICATION IS THE SIXTH ANNUAL INVENTORY OF RESEARCH PROJECTS WHICH ARE CURRENTLY IN PROGRESS AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES AND WHICH DEAL WITH THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. THE INFORMATION INVOLVED IN THIS DOCUMENT WAS COMPILED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE USE OF SCHOLARS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND OTHERS…

Income in the United States: 2002. Current Population Reports. Consumer Income.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeNavas-Walt, Carmen; Cleveland, Robert W.; Webster, Bruce H., Jr.

Using data from the 2003 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, this study found that real median household money income declined by 1.1 percent between 2001-2002 to $42,409. Real median household income was unchanged between 2001-2002 for three of four alternative income definitions. The fourth, real median household…

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World. 1987 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carwile, John; Zack, David R.

This annual publication seeks to inform interested readers about important concerns of currently confronting the United States. An introduction provides: a brief discussion of individuals in the Reagan Administration; a list of the leadership positions and committees in the 100th Congress--the reader must fill in the person for each position; a…

77 FR 43329 - Medicaid Program; State Allotments for Payment of Medicare Part B Premiums for Qualifying...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-24

... the federal poverty level. With respect to the final FY 2011 QI allotment (Chart 1), Column B contains... Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the 2010 Current Population Survey. With respect to the... 2011 Current Population Survey. Column C--Percentage of Total. Column C provides the percentage of the...

Current Status of Diversity Initiatives in Selected Multinational Corporations. Diversity in the Workforce Series Report #3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wentling, Rose Mary; Palma-Rivas, Nilda

The current status of diversity initiatives in eight U.S.-based multinational corporations was examined through a process involving semistructured interviews of diversity managers and analysis of their annual reports for fiscal 1996 and related documents. The 8 corporations were randomly selected from the 30 multinational corporations in Illinois.…

Trends in Childspacing: June 1975. Current Population Reports: Population Characteristics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Maurice J.; And Others

This report, largely statistical tables, presents data from the June 1975 Current Population Survey, on the timing and spacing of childbearing and discusses how such data is related to annual measures of fertility. By categorizing women according to their year of birth (birth cohort) or period of first marriage (marriage cohort), in addition to…

Fire spread in chaparral -"go or no-go?"

Treesearch

D.R. Weise; Xiangyang Zhou; Lulu Sun; Shankar Mahalingam

2005-01-01

Current fire models are designed to model the spread of a linear fire front in dead, small-diameter fuels. Fires in predominantly living vegetation account for a large proportion of annual burned area nationally. Prescribed burning is used to manage living fuels; however, prescribed burning is currently conducted under conditions that result in marginal burning. We do...

Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey's rainfall.

PubMed

Emanuel, Kerry

2017-11-28

We estimate, for current and future climates, the annual probability of areally averaged hurricane rain of Hurricane Harvey's magnitude by downscaling large numbers of tropical cyclones from three climate reanalyses and six climate models. For the state of Texas, we estimate that the annual probability of 500 mm of area-integrated rainfall was about 1% in the period 1981-2000 and will increase to 18% over the period 2081-2100 under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 representative concentration pathway 8.5. If the frequency of such event is increasingly linearly between these two periods, then in 2017 the annual probability would be 6%, a sixfold increase since the late 20th century. Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

77 FR 40359 - Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-09

... Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC... annually in lost worker productivity. Although the prevalence of current smoking among adults decreased...

Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease

MedlinePlus

... your child needs, such as an annual flu shot. Make sure everyone in your household gets all ... infancy, may slowly improve over time. Current treatment approaches include supportive therapy, medicines, and, in the most ...

Inter-annual Variations in Snow/Firn Density over the Greenland Ice Sheet by Combining GRACE gravimetry and Envisat Altimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, X.; Shum, C. K.; Guo, J.; Howat, I.; Jezek, K. C.; Luo, Z.; Zhou, Z.

2017-12-01

Satellite altimetry has been used to monitor elevation and volume change of polar ice sheets since the 1990s. In order to derive mass change from the measured volume change, different density assumptions are commonly used in the research community, which may cause discrepancies on accurately estimating ice sheets mass balance. In this study, we investigate the inter-annual anomalies of mass change from GRACE gravimetry and elevation change from Envisat altimetry during years 2003-2009, with the objective of determining inter-annual variations of snow/firn density over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). High positive correlations (0.6 or higher) between these two inter-annual anomalies at are found over 93% of the GrIS, which suggests that both techniques detect the same geophysical process at the inter-annual timescale. Interpreting the two anomalies in terms of near surface density variations, over 80% of the GrIS, the inter-annual variation in average density is between the densities of snow and pure ice. In particular, at the Summit of Central Greenland, we validate the satellite data estimated density with the in situ data available from 75 snow pits and 9 ice cores. This study provides constraints on the currently applied density assumptions for the GrIS.

Service and Methods Demonstration - Annual Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

This report contains a description of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program. Transit demonstration projects undertaken in previous years are reviewed. Recently completed and current demonstration projects are described and project results fro...

76 FR 23962 - Fisheries Off West Coast States; Highly Migratory Species Fisheries; Annual Catch Limits and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... currently MUS, plus pelagic sting ray (Dasyetis violacea), wahoo (Acathocybium solandri), common mola (Mola mola), escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum), lancetfishes (Alepisauridae), and louvar (Luvarus...

48 CFR 252.204-7007 - Alternate A, Annual Representations and Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA) Web site at https://orca.bpn.gov/. After... months, are current, accurate, complete, and applicable to this solicitation (including the business size...

Statistical Profile of Older Hispanics

MedlinePlus

... from the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement. SELF-RATED HEALTH STATUS During 2011-2013, ... services to persons with the greatest social and economic need, including members of racial and ethnic minority ...

Hydrogen Energy: A bibliography with abstracts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Bibliographic series cites documents relating to use of hydrogen as energy carrier. In addition to cumulative volume, annual supplement is available for 1974, and quarterly update program serves 1975 and current calendar year.

Health Care Utilization and Expenditures Attributable to Cigar Smoking Among US Adults, 2000-2015.

PubMed

Wang, Yingning; Sung, Hai-Yen; Yao, Tingting; Lightwood, James; Max, Wendy

Cigar use in the United States is a growing public health concern because of its increasing popularity. We estimated health care utilization and expenditures attributable to cigar smoking among US adults aged ≥35. We analyzed data on 84 178 adults using the 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 National Health Interview Surveys. We estimated zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models on hospital nights, emergency department (ED) visits, physician visits, and home-care visits as a function of tobacco use status-current sole cigar smokers (ie, smoke cigars only), current poly cigar smokers (smoke cigars and smoke cigarettes or use smokeless tobacco), former sole cigar smokers (used to smoke cigars only), former poly cigar smokers (used to smoke cigars and smoke cigarettes or use smokeless tobacco), other tobacco users (ever smoked cigarettes and used smokeless tobacco but not cigars), and never tobacco users (never smoked cigars, smoked cigarettes, or used smokeless tobacco)-and other covariates. We calculated health care utilization attributable to current and former sole cigar smoking based on the estimated ZIP models, and then we calculated total health care expenditures attributable to cigar smoking. Current and former sole cigar smoking was associated with excess annual utilization of 72 137 hospital nights, 32 748 ED visits, and 420 118 home-care visits. Annual health care expenditures attributable to sole cigar smoking were $284 million ($625 per sole cigar smoker), and total annual health care expenditures attributable to sole and poly cigar smoking were $1.75 billion. Comprehensive tobacco control policies and interventions are needed to reduce cigar smoking and the associated health care burden.

An integrated landscape designed for commodity and bioenergy crops for a tile-drained agricultural watershed

DOE PAGES

Ssegane, Herbert; Negri, M. Cristina

2016-09-16

Here, locating bioenergy crops on strategically selected subfield areas of marginal interest for commodity agriculture can increase environmental sustainability. Location and choice of bioenergy crops should improve environmental benefits with minimal disruption of current food production systems. We identified subfield soils of a tile-drained agricultural watershed as marginal if they had areas of low crop productivity index (CPI), were susceptible to nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3–N) leaching, or were susceptible to at least two other forms of environmental degradation (marginal areas). In the test watershed (Indian Creek watershed, IL) with annual precipitation of 852 mm, 3% of soils were CPI areas andmore » 22% were marginal areas. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to forecast the impact of growing switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), willow ( Salix spp.), and big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardi Vitman) in these subfield areas on annual grain yields, NO 3–N and sediment exports, and water yield. Simulated conversion of CPI areas from current land use to bioenergy crops had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on grain production and reduced NO 3–N and sediment exports by 5.0 to 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Conversion of marginal areas from current land use to switchgrass forecasted the production of 34,000 t of biomass and reductions in NO 3–N (26.0%) and sediment (33.0%) exports. Alternatively, conversion of marginal areas from current land use to willow forecasted similar reductions as switchgrass for sediment but significantly (p ≤ 0.01) lower reductions in annual NO 3–N export (18.0 vs. 26.0%).« less

Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sanderson, J.S.; Kotliar, N.B.; Steingraeber, D.A.; Browne, C.

2008-01-01

An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for ??? 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for ??? 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 ?? 106 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, versus 15.5 ?? 106 m3 and 3.2 ?? 106 m3 under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.

An integrated landscape designed for commodity and bioenergy crops for a tile-drained agricultural watershed

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ssegane, Herbert; Negri, M. Cristina

Here, locating bioenergy crops on strategically selected subfield areas of marginal interest for commodity agriculture can increase environmental sustainability. Location and choice of bioenergy crops should improve environmental benefits with minimal disruption of current food production systems. We identified subfield soils of a tile-drained agricultural watershed as marginal if they had areas of low crop productivity index (CPI), were susceptible to nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3–N) leaching, or were susceptible to at least two other forms of environmental degradation (marginal areas). In the test watershed (Indian Creek watershed, IL) with annual precipitation of 852 mm, 3% of soils were CPI areas andmore » 22% were marginal areas. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to forecast the impact of growing switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), willow ( Salix spp.), and big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardi Vitman) in these subfield areas on annual grain yields, NO 3–N and sediment exports, and water yield. Simulated conversion of CPI areas from current land use to bioenergy crops had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on grain production and reduced NO 3–N and sediment exports by 5.0 to 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Conversion of marginal areas from current land use to switchgrass forecasted the production of 34,000 t of biomass and reductions in NO 3–N (26.0%) and sediment (33.0%) exports. Alternatively, conversion of marginal areas from current land use to willow forecasted similar reductions as switchgrass for sediment but significantly (p ≤ 0.01) lower reductions in annual NO 3–N export (18.0 vs. 26.0%).« less

Repeated Vaccination Does Not Appear to Impact Upon Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization With Confirmed Influenza.

PubMed

Cheng, Allen C; Macartney, Kristine K; Waterer, Grant W; Kotsimbos, Tom; Kelly, Paul M; Blyth, Christopher C

2017-06-01

Annual influenza vaccine is recommended for those at greatest risk of severe influenza infection. Recent reports of a negative impact of serial influenza vaccination on vaccine effectiveness (VE) raises concerns about the recommendation for annual influenza vaccines, particularly in persons at greatest risk. The Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) is an Australian hospital-based sentinel surveillance program. In this observational study, cases were defined as subjects aged >9 years admitted with influenza confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Controls were subjects with acute respiratory illness testing negative for influenza. Propensity scores were used to adjust for the likelihood of being vaccinated. VE was calculated as 1 - adjusted odds ratio of vaccination in cases compared with test-negative controls. Over 2010-2015, 6223 cases and 6505 controls were hospitalized with confirmed influenza and influenza test-negative acute respiratory illness, respectively. Following stratification by quintile of propensity score, site, and year, VE was estimated to be 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37%-49%) overall. VE was estimated to be 51% (95% CI, 45%-57%) in those vaccinated in both the current and previous season, compared with 33% (95% CI, 17%-47%) vaccinated in the current season only and 35% (95% CI, 21%-46%) in the previous season only. Similar results were observed for influenza A/H1N1, influenza A/H3N2, and influenza B strains. Vaccination in both the current and previous seasons was associated with a higher VE against hospitalization with influenza than vaccination in either single season. These findings reinforce current recommendations for annual influenza vaccination, particularly those at greatest risk of influenza disease. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

The Comparison Of Predictability Of Annual Evapotranspiration And Streamflow Between Humid And Non-Humid Catchments Over China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, T.; Sun, F.; Liu, W.; Wang, H.

2017-12-01

Rapid socioeconomic growth in China is stretching the gap between water supply and demand in recent decades. Expectation of changing climate and its potential threats on the water security of China is now calling for improved methodologies to reliably estimate hydrologic components like annual evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow (Q). Nonetheless, knowledge of these components in humid and non-humid regions is relative limited in current literature. Based on spatially distributed catchments across China, we characterize these components along with plausible explanations. Using Budyko framework, we first found that annual ET is predictable in non-humid regions but not so much in humid regions; annual Q is predictable in humid regions but less reliable in non-humid regions. The neglecting annual water storage change (ΔS) in water balance affects the estimation and variability of annual Q in non-humid catchments more than that in humid catchments, which directly brings about the complexity of predictability of annual Q in non-humid region. While to the ET predictability, the neglecting annual ΔS affects its estimation and variability more in humid catchments than that in non-humid catchments. Moreover, the considerable proportion of contribution from P, PET and their covariance to ET variability in humid catchments against absolutely dominant control of P in non-humid catchments can, to some extent, explain the differences in ET predictability. This provides one possible way to improve the prediction ET and Q, and we can well predict ET in non-humid catchments and Q in humid catchments so far based on commonly used hydrological models.

Assessing land-use history for reporting on cropland dynamics - A case study using the Land-Parcel Identification System in Ireland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmermann, Jesko; González, Ainhoa; Jones, Michael; O'Brien, Phillip; Stout, Jane C.; Green, Stuart

2016-04-01

In developed countries, cropland and grassland conversions and management can be a major factor in Land Use and Land Use Change (LULUC) related Greenhouse Gas (GHG) dynamics. Depending on land use, management and factors such as soil properties land can either act as source or sink for GHGs. Currently many countries depend on national statistics combined with socio-economic modelling to assess current land use as well as inter-annual changes. This potentially introduces a bias as it neither provides information on direct land- use change trajectories nor spatially explicit information to assess the environmental context. In order to improve reporting countries are shifting towards high resolution spatial datasets. In this case study, we used the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS), a pan-European geographical database developed to assist farmers and authorities with agricultural subsidies, to analyse cropland dynamics in Ireland. The database offer high spatial resolution and is updated annually. Generally Ireland is considered grassland dominated with 90 % of its agricultural area under permanent grassland, and only a small area dedicated to cropland. However an in-depth analysis of the LPIS for the years 2000 to 2012 showed strong underlying dynamics. While the annual area reported as cropland remained relatively constant at 3752.3 ± 542.3 km2, the area of permanent cropland was only 1251.9 km2. Reversely, the area that was reported as cropland for at least one year during the timeframe was 7373.4 km2, revealing a significantly higher area with cropland history than annual statistics would suggest. Furthermore, the analysis showed that one quarter of the land converting from or to cropland will return to the previous land use within a year. To demonstrate potential policy impact, we assessed cropland/grassland dynamics from the 2008 to 2012 commitment period using (a) annual statistics, and (b) data including land use history derived from LPIS. Under current reporting standards temporary grassland is considered cropland for reporting purposes. Therefore taking land use history into account increases the area reported as cropland in 2008 by 45.7 % and the area remaining cropland in 2012 by 17.5 % compared to using annual statistics. In conclusion we showed that high resolution spatial datasets are an important tool to better understand land use dynamics, and can directly improve national GHG accounting efforts. Furthermore, knowledge of land use history is important to assess local GHG dynamics, and can therefore contribute to ultimately progress reporting to higher Tier level reporting.

75 FR 61816 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Voucher for Federal-aid Reimbursements..., American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Frequency: Annually. Estimated Average Burden per Response: The...

75 FR 61816 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Preparation and Execution of... Mariana Islands, the Territories of Guam, the Virgin Islands and American Samoa. Frequency: Annually...

ANNUAL REPORT ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, ENGINEERING AND LIFE SCIENCES , JULY 1, 1961

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1962-10-31

The research program at Brooknaven is described. Current activities in physics, high-energy accelerators, instrumentation, chemistry, nuclear engineering, applied mathematics, biology, and medical research are outlined. (D.L.C.)

50 CFR 218.5 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of regional marine mammal species and experience collecting behavioral data. (iii) MMOs shall not be... annually reviewing, with NMFS, monitoring results, Navy R&D, and current science to use for potential...

50 CFR 218.14 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of regional marine mammal species and experience collecting behavioral data. (iii) MMOs shall not be... annually reviewing, with NMFS, monitoring results, Navy R&D, and current science to use for potential...

50 CFR 218.5 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of regional marine mammal species and experience collecting behavioral data. (iii) MMOs shall not be... annually reviewing, with NMFS, monitoring results, Navy R&D, and current science to use for potential...

50 CFR 218.14 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of regional marine mammal species and experience collecting behavioral data. (iii) MMOs shall not be... annually reviewing, with NMFS, monitoring results, Navy R&D, and current science to use for potential...

United States housing, 2012

Treesearch

Delton Alderman

2013-01-01

Provides current and historical information on housing market in the United States. Information includes trends for housing permits and starts, housing completions for single and multifamily units, and sales and construction. This report will be updated annually.

Real-Time Data Processing Onboard Remote Sensor Platforms: Annual Review #3 Data Package

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Sid; Harsanyi, Joe

2003-01-01

The current program status reviewed by this viewgraph presentation includes: 1) New Evaluation Results; 2) Algorithm Improvement Investigations; 3) Electronic Hardware Design; 4) Software Hardware Interface Design.

Economic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Different Stages of Disease: A Report From Southern Iran.

PubMed

Zare, Fatemeh; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Sepehrimanesh, Masood; Safarpour, Ali Reza

2016-04-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major blood-borne infection which imposes high economic cost on the patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the total annual cost due to chronic HCV related diseases imposed on each patient and their family in Southern Iran. Economic burden of chronic hepatitis C-related liver diseases (chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. The current retrospective study evaluated 200 Iranian patients for their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect costs) and treatment costs and work days lost due to illness by a structured questionnaire in 2015. Costs of hospital admissions were extracted from databases of Nemazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The outpatient expenditure per patient was measured through the rate of outpatient visits and average cost per visit reported by the patients; while the inpatient costs were calculated through annual rate of hospital admissions and average expenditure. Self-medication and direct non-medical costs were also reported. The human capital approach was used to measure the work loss cost. The total annual cost per patient for chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on purchasing power parity (PPP) were USD 1625.50, USD 6117.2, and USD 11047.2 in 2015, respectively. Chronic hepatitis C-related liver diseases impose a substantial economic burden on patients, families and the society. The current study provides useful information on cost of treatment and work loss for different disease states, which can be further used in cost-effectiveness evaluations.

Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-550

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoops, Nicole

2004-01-01

This report provides information on basic educational trends and attainment levels across many segments of the population. The findings are based on data collected in the 2003 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS) and refer to the population 25 years and over unless otherwise specified. The population…

America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2003. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-553

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fields, Jason

2004-01-01

The data in this report is from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS). The population represented (the population universe) in the ASEC is the civilian non institutionalized population living in the United States. Members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post are…

The 12th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium: host plant resistance and disease management, current status and future outlook

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The 12th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium was held on 6 August 2012 during the Annual meeting of the American Phytopathological Society (APS) in Providence, RI. The theme for this symposium was “Host Plant Resistance and Disease Management: Current Status and Future Outlook”. The APS Host R...

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2012. Current Population Reports P60-245

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeNavas-Walt, Carmen; Proctor, Bernadette D.; Smith, Jessica C.

2013-01-01

This report presents data on income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States based on information collected in the 2013 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. For most groups, the 2012 income, poverty, and health insurance estimates were not…

Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization Annual Report 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Fox is an effort to characterize a COTS, man-portable, radiography system exceeding current EOD radiography penetration capabilities. Gray Fox... rocket propelled grenades at a reduced weight compared to currently available armor solutions. Sentinel Scout. This developmental appliqué kit is...Dismounted System Joint Electronic warfare Cour&e Joint Total Entity Tracking for the Instrumented Battlefield Joint Readinoss Training Contor

Poverty in the United States: 2001. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Proctor, Bernadette D.; Dalaker, Joseph

This report presents poverty data from the 2000, 2001, and 2002 Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Supplements, which provide information for caledar years 1999, 2000, and 2001. The poverty rate changed from 11.3 percent in 2000 to 11.7 percent in 2001. People below the poverty thresholds numbered 31.6 million in 2000 and 32.9 million in…

Annual Financial Report: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008. Creating a University System for the 21st Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota University System, 2008

2008-01-01

The North Dakota University System's (the "System") discussion and analysis (MD&A) provides an overview of the System's financial activities and issues for the year ended June 30, 2008. It is designed to focus on the current year's activities, resulting changes and currently known facts to assist readers in understanding the…

DCERP Annual Technical Report II

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-01

information among the various DCERP partners . Research and monitoring activities during Phase II of DCERP are currently planned for 4 years (until...this information to improve scheduling of amphibious maneuvers in the NRE. Preliminary analysis of MCBCL air quality data indicated an increasing...2008 at the three MCBCL sites exceeded current National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Experimental results show that salt marshes bordering the

75 FR 14633 - Notice of Intent To Seek Approval To Extend and Revise a Current Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... expansion of the survey to better reflect the current state of academic R&D. The redesigned survey was renamed the Higher Education R&D Survey and was pilot tested with a random sample of 40 institutions... proposed project will continue the annual survey cycle for three years. The FY 2010 Higher Education R&D...

Contextual Information for the Potential Enhancement of Annual Radiation Protection Program Review Reports.

PubMed

Emery, Robert J; Gutiérrez, Janet M

2017-08-01

Organizations possessing sources of ionizing radiation are required to develop, document, and implement a "radiation protection program" that is commensurate with the scope and extent of permitted activities and sufficient to ensure compliance with basic radiation safety regulations. The radiation protection program must also be reviewed at least annually, assessing program content and implementation. A convenience sample assessment of web-accessible and voluntarily-submitted radiation protection program annual review reports revealed that while the reports consistently documented compliance with necessary regulatory elements, very few included any critical contextual information describing how important the ability to possess radiation sources was to the central mission of the organization. Information regarding how much radioactive material was currently possessed as compared to license limits was also missing. Summarized here are suggested contextual elements that can be considered for possible inclusion in annual radiation protection program reviews to enhance stakeholder understanding and appreciation of the importance of the ability to possess radiation sources and the importance of maintaining compliance with associated regulatory requirements.

Latest discoveries and trends in translational cancer research: highlights of the 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.

PubMed

Cho, William C S

2008-08-01

The Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is the world's largest and most comprehensive gathering of cancer researchers. At the 2008 AACR Annual Meeting, innovative research approaches, novel technologies, potentially life-saving therapies in the pipeline, late-breaking clinical trial findings, and new approaches to cancer prevention were presented by top scientists. Reflecting the global state of cancer research with an eye toward future trends, several areas of great science and discovery in the cancer field were shared in this report, which include cancer biomarkers, the role of microRNAs in cancer research, cancer stem cells, tumor microenvironment, targeted therapy, and cancer prevention. This article presents an overview of hot topics discussed at the 2008 AACR Annual Meeting and recapitulates some scientific sessions geared toward new technologies, recent progress, and current challenges reported by cancer researchers. For those who did not attend the meeting, this report may serve as a highlight of this important international cancer research meeting.

Hydrothermal extremes at the South-West Pribaikalie during the current climate changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voropay, Nadezhda

2017-04-01

Climatic extremes of air temperature and precipitation were analyzed for the Tunka Intermountain Depression (South-West Pribaikalie, Buryatia, Russian Federation). Intermountain depressions occupy a quarter of the territory of the Baikal region. The specific climatic conditions in the depressions are formed due to the geographic location and the influence of latitudinal zonation and altitudinal gradients. Air temperature and precipitation data records from at weather stations for the period 1940-2015 were analyzed. Long-term average annual temperature is negative and varies from -0.8 °C to -2.4 °C. Air temperature absolute minimum is -48 °C, absolute maximum is +36 °C. The long-term average annual precipitation is 370-480 mm, but in some years annual precipitation reach 760 mm. The summer months have about 70% of the total annual precipitation, in July and August the sum may reach 340 mm. Maximum daily sum of rainfalls is 80 mm. The contribution of the global and regional circulation characteristics into the variability of regional climatic characteristics was estimated.

Current and projected water demand and water availability estimates under climate change scenarios in the Weyib River basin in Bale mountainous area of Southeastern Ethiopia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serur, Abdulkerim Bedewi; Sarma, Arup Kumar

2017-07-01

This study intended to estimate the spatial and temporal variation of current and projected water demand and water availability under climate change scenarios in Weyib River basin, Bale mountainous area of Southeastern Ethiopia. Future downscaled climate variables from three Earth System Models under the three RCP emission scenarios were inputted into ArcSWAT hydrological model to simulate different components of water resources of a basin whereas current and projected human and livestock population of the basin is considered to estimate the total annual water demand for various purposes. Results revealed that the current total annual water demand of the basin is found to be about 289 Mm3, and this has to increase by 83.47% after 15 years, 200.67% after 45 years, and 328.78% after 75 years by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, from base period water demand mainly due to very rapid increasing population (40.81, 130.80, and 229.12% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively) and climatic variability. The future average annual total water availability in the basin is observed to be increased by ranging from 15.04 to 21.61, 20.08 to 23.34, and 16.21 to 39.53% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s time slice, respectively, from base period available water resources (2333.39 Mm3). The current water availability per capita per year of the basin is about 3112.23 m3 and tends to decline ranging from 11.78 to 17.49, 46.02 to 47.45, and 57.18 to 64.34% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, from base period per capita per year water availability. This indicated that there might be possibility to fall the basin under water stress condition in the long term.

The association of smoking status with healthcare utilisation, productivity loss and resulting costs: results from the population-based KORA F4 study.

PubMed

Wacker, Margarethe; Holle, Rolf; Heinrich, Joachim; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz; Peters, Annette; Leidl, Reiner; Menn, Petra

2013-07-17

Smoking is seen as the most important single risk to health today, and is responsible for a high financial burden on healthcare systems and society. This population-based cross-sectional study compares healthcare utilisation, direct medical costs, and costs of productivity losses for different smoking groups: current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Using a bottom-up approach, data were taken from the German KORA F4 study (2006/2008) on self-reported healthcare utilisation and work absence due to illness for 3,071 adults aged 32-81 years. Unit costs from a societal perspective were applied to utilisation. Utilisation and resulting costs were compared across different smoking groups using generalised linear models to adjust for age, sex, education, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Average annual total costs per survey participant were estimated as €3,844 [95% confidence interval: 3,447-4,233], and differed considerably between smoking groups with never smokers showing €3,237 [2,802-3,735] and former smokers causing €4,398 [3,796-5,058]. There was a positive effect of current and former smoking on the utilisation of healthcare services and on direct and indirect costs. Total annual costs were more than 20% higher (p<0.05) for current smokers and 35% higher (p<0.01) for former smokers compared with never smokers, which corresponds to annual excess costs of €743 and €1,108 per current and former smoker, respectively. Results indicate that excess costs for current and former smokers impose a large burden on society, and that previous top-down cost approaches produced lower estimates for the costs of care for smoking-related diseases. Efforts must be focused on prevention of smoking to achieve sustainable containment on behalf of the public interest.

Top-cited articles in traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Sharma, Bhanu; Lawrence, David Wyndham

2014-01-01

A review of the top-cited articles in a scientific discipline can identify areas of research that are well established and those in need of further development, and may, as a result, inform and direct future research efforts. Our objective was to identify and characterize the top-cited articles in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We used publically available software to identify the 50 TBI articles with the most lifetime citations, and the 50 TBI articles with the highest annual citation rates. A total of 73 articles were included in this review, with 27 of the 50 papers with the highest annual citation rates common to the cohort of 50 articles with the most lifetime citations. All papers were categorized by their primary topic or focus, namely: predictor of outcome, pathology/natural history, treatment, guidelines and consensus statements, epidemiology, assessment measures, or experimental model of TBI. The mean year of publication of the articles with the most lifetime citations and highest annual citation rates was 1990 ± 14.9 years and 2003 ± 6.7 years, respectively. The 50 articles with the most lifetime citations typically studied predictors of outcome (34.0%, 17/50) and were specific to severe TBI (38.0%, 19/50). In contrast, the most common subject of papers with the highest annual citation rates was treatment of brain injury (22.0%, 11/50), and these papers most frequently investigated mild TBI (36.0%, 18/50). These findings suggest an intensified focus on mild TBI, which is perhaps a response to the dedicated attention these injuries are currently receiving in the context of sports and war, and because of their increasing incidence in developing nations. Our findings also indicate increased focus on treatment of TBI, possibly due to the limited efficacy of current interventions for brain injury. This review provides a cross-sectional summary of some of the most influential articles in TBI, and a bibliometric examination of the current status of TBI research.

The Impact of a 25 Cent-Per-Drink Alcohol Tax Increase: Who Pays the Tab?

PubMed Central

Daley, James I.; Stahre, Mandy A.; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Naimi, Timothy S.

2013-01-01

Background Excessive alcohol consumption causes 79,000 deaths annually in the U.S., shortening the lives of those who die by approximately 30 years. Although alcohol taxation is an effective measure to reduce excessive consumption and related harms, some argue that increasing alcohol taxes places an unfair economic burden on “responsible” drinkers and socially disadvantaged persons. Purpose To examine the impact of a hypothetical tax increase based on alcohol consumption and socio-demographic characteristics of current drinkers, individually and in aggregate. Methods Data from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey was analyzed from 2010–2011 to determine the net financial impact of a hypothetical 25 cent-per-drink tax increase on current drinkers in the U.S. Higher-risk drinkers were defined as those whose past-30 day consumption included binge drinking, heavy drinking, drinking in excess of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, and alcohol-impaired driving. Results Of current drinkers in the U.S., 50.4% (or approximately 25% of the total U.S. population) were classified as higher-risk drinkers. The tax increase would result in a 9.2% reduction in alcohol consumption, including an 11.4% reduction in heavy drinking. Compared with lower-risk drinkers, higher-risk drinkers paid 4.7 times more in net increased annual per capita taxes, and paid 82.7% of net increased annual aggregate taxes. Lower-risk drinkers paid less than $30 in net increased taxes annually. In aggregate, groups who paid the most in net tax increases included those who were white, male, between the ages of 21 and 50, earning ≥$50,000 per year, employed, and had a college degree. Conclusions A 25 cent-per-drink alcohol tax increase would reduce excessive drinking, and higher-risk drinkers would pay the substantial majority of the net tax increase. PMID:22424251

Using a Hybrid Model to Forecast the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Humans.

PubMed

Zhou, Lingling; Xia, Jing; Yu, Lijing; Wang, Ying; Shi, Yun; Cai, Shunxiang; Nie, Shaofa

2016-03-23

We previously proposed a hybrid model combining both the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NARNN) models in forecasting schistosomiasis. Our purpose in the current study was to forecast the annual prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Yangxin County, using our ARIMA-NARNN model, thereby further certifying the reliability of our hybrid model. We used the ARIMA, NARNN and ARIMA-NARNN models to fit and forecast the annual prevalence of schistosomiasis. The modeling time range included was the annual prevalence from 1956 to 2008 while the testing time range included was from 2009 to 2012. The mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to measure the model performance. We reconstructed the hybrid model to forecast the annual prevalence from 2013 to 2016. The modeling and testing errors generated by the ARIMA-NARNN model were lower than those obtained from either the single ARIMA or NARNN models. The predicted annual prevalence from 2013 to 2016 demonstrated an initial decreasing trend, followed by an increase. The ARIMA-NARNN model can be well applied to analyze surveillance data for early warning systems for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

Leveraging Big Data in Pediatric Development Programs: Proceedings From the 2016 American College of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting Symposium.

PubMed

Mulugeta, Lily Yeruk; Yao, Lynne; Mould, Diane; Jacobs, Brian; Florian, Jeffrey; Smith, Brian; Sinha, Vikram; Barrett, Jeffrey S

2018-01-10

This article discusses the use of big data in pediatric drug development. The article covers key topics discussed at the ACCP annual meeting symposium in 2016 including the extent to which big data or real-world data can inform clinical trial design and substitute for efficacy and safety data typically obtained in clinical trials. The current states of use, opportunities, and challenges with the use of big data in future pediatric drug development are discussed. © 2018 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

A Phase II Trial on the Effect of Low-Dose versus High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Adults with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

MD, PhD CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University of Utah REPORT DATE : October 2013 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual PREPARED FOR: U.S...of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE ...October 2013 2. REPORT TYPE Annual 3. DATES COVERED 15 September 2012-14 September 2013 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A Phase II Trial on the Effect of

Physics of the Cosmos Program Annual Technology Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pham, Bruce Thai; Cardiff, Ann H.

2015-01-01

What's in this Report? What's New? This fifth Program Annual Technology Report (PATR) summarizes the Programs technology development activities for fiscal year (FY) 2015. The PATR serves four purposes.1. Summarize the technology gaps identified by the astrophysics community;2. Present the results of this years technology gap prioritization by the PCOS Technology Management Board (TMB);3. Report on newly funded PCOS Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) projects; and4. Detail progress, current status, and activities planned for the coming year for all technologies supported by PCOS Supporting Research and Technology (SRT) funding in FY 2015. .

Projecting Personnel Security Investigations (PSI) Requirements: Current Issues, Challenges and a Viable Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

the DoD components to project annual investigations within 5% of annual submissions in order to properly staff the OPM investigations programa ...Level97E N/ANavigator Trainee92T1 N/APilot Trainee92T0 N/AWing Commander91W N/AGeneral Officer90G N/AAide- De -Camp88A N/ACommand and Control86P N/AUnited...the Navy and Marine Corps can simply reflect inclusion of clearances from individuals who have transitioned from the Selected Reserves to the

Economic Study of Global Tobacco Burden

Cancer.gov

In an interview on Cancer Currents, Dr. Mark Parascandola discusses findings from an economics study showing that, globally, tobacco use burdens economies with more than US $1 trillion annually in health care costs and lost productivity.

Estimation of average daily traffic on local roads in Kentucky.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) officials use annual average daily traffic (AADT) to estimate intersection : performance across the state maintained highway system. KYTC currently collects AADTs for state maintained : roads but frequently lack...

Annual Faculty Research Report of the Department of Systems Engineering and the Operations Research Center for the Academic Year 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

execution, a summary of results, a list of presentations and publications and a current status. Additional information is provided on the senior...Cadets learn best when they are challenged and when they are interested. The introduction of current issues facing the military into their...faculty, officers conduct research on relevant projects to remain current in their operational branch or in the Functional Areas 49, 51, 53 and 57. The

The effect of geocenter motion on Jason-2 orbits and the mean sea level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melachroinos, S. A.; Lemoine, F. G.; Zelensky, N. P.; Rowlands, D. D.; Luthcke, S. B.; Bordyugov, O.

2013-04-01

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards (Lemoine et al., 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC's SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a - 4.67 ± 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 ± 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere.

The Effect of Geocenter Motion on Jason-2 Orbits and the Mean Sea Level

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melachroinos, S. A.; Lemoine, F. G.; Zelensky, N. P.; Rowlands, D. D.; Luthcke, S. B.; Bordyugov, O.

2012-01-01

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards (Lemoine et al. 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC's SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a 4.67 plus or minus 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 plus or minus 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere.

Educational Attainment in the United States: 2009. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-566

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Camille L.; Siebens, Julie

2012-01-01

This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected in the 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2005-2009 ACS 5-year estimates. It also uses data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS) collected in 2009 and earlier, as well as monthly…

G.I. Joe Meets Barbie, Software Engineer Meets Caregiver: Males and Females in B.C.'s Public Schools and Beyond. BCTF Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaefer, Anne C.

Following a referral from the March 2000 Annual General Meeting of the British Columbia (B.C.) Teachers' Federation, the Spring 2000 Representative Assembly passed a motion that recommended research be collected, conducted, and disseminated on the current status of students in the province. This research report identifies current information on…

Current State of Research on Mathematical Beliefs V. Proceedings of the MAVI-5 Workshop (August 22-25, 1997). Research Report 184.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hannula, Markku, Ed.

This report includes all of the presentations from the fifth annual workshop on the Current State of Research on Mathematical Beliefs held in Helsinki, Finland, on August 22-25, 1997. The papers, all of which were presented in English, are as follows: "Between Formalism and Creativity: Teachers' Conceptions of a Good Computer Science…

Languages Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Response to the 2011 Research Centre for Languages and Cultures RCLC Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Anne-Marie

2011-01-01

The Research Centre for Languages and Cultures (RCLC) at the University of South Australia hosts an annual symposium on current issues related to languages and language education. The hallmark of the RCLC symposia is that they intend to raise critical, current issues in the languages field for wider debate, include presenting cutting edge research…

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2013

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eudy, Leslie; Gikakis, Christina

2013-12-01

This report is the seventh in an annual series of reports that summarize the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discuss the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. The report also provides a snapshot of current FCEB performance results from August 2012 through July 2013 for five FCEB demonstrations at four transit agencies.

The role of remote sensing in U.S. forest inventories: Past, present and future

Treesearch

G. Moisen; K. Brewer; R. Czaplewski; S. Healey; K. Megown; M. Finco

2014-01-01

In the current budget climate, the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program is under increased pressure to do more with less. While reliance solely on field data under the current annual inventory system is a suitable solution when funding is adequate and stable, decreasing budgets and increasing need for timely information may necessitate solutions that can augment...

Quantifying the role of urban forests in removing atmospheric carbon dioxide

Treesearch

Rowan A. Rowntree; David J. Nowak

1991-01-01

Urban land in the United States currently occupies about 69 million acres with an estimated average crown cover of 28% and an estimated tree biomass of about 27 tons/acre. This structure suggests that the current total urban forest carbon storage in the United States is approximately 800 million tons with an estimated annual net carbon storage of around 6.5 million...

Trends in Medicare Reimbursement for Orthopedic Procedures: 2000 to 2016.

PubMed

Eltorai, Adam E M; Durand, Wesley M; Haglin, Jack M; Rubin, Lee E; Weiss, Arnold-Peter C; Daniels, Alan H

2018-03-01

Understanding trends in reimbursement is critical to the financial sustainability of orthopedic practices. Little research has examined physician fee trends over time for orthopedic procedures. This study evaluated trends in Medicare reimbursements for orthopedic surgical procedures. The Medicare Physician Fee Schedule was examined for Current Procedural Terminology code values for the most common orthopedic and nonorthopedic procedures between 2000 and 2016. Prices were adjusted for inflation to 2016-dollar values. To assess mean growth rate for each procedure and subspecialty, compound annual growth rates were calculated. Year-to-year dollar amount changes were calculated for each procedure and subspecialty. Reimbursement trends for individual procedures and across subspecialties were compared. Between 2000 and 2016, annual reimbursements decreased for all orthopedic procedures examined except removal of orthopedic implant. The orthopedic procedures with the greatest mean annual decreases in reimbursement were shoulder arthroscopy/decompression, total knee replacement, and total hip replacement. The orthopedic procedures with the least annual reimbursement decreases were carpal tunnel release and repair of ankle fracture. Rate of Medicare procedure reimbursement change varied between subspecialties. Trauma had the smallest decrease in annual change compared with spine, sports, and hand. Annual reimbursement decreased at a significantly greater rate for adult reconstruction procedures than for any of the other subspecialties. These findings indicate that reimbursement for procedures has steadily decreased, with the most rapid decrease seen in adult reconstruction. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(2):95-102.]. Copyright 2018, SLACK Incorporated.

Productivity costs in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis.

PubMed

Rudmik, Luke; Smith, Timothy L; Schlosser, Rodney J; Hwang, Peter H; Mace, Jess C; Soler, Zachary M

2014-09-01

Disease-specific reductions in patient productivity can lead to substantial economic losses to society. The purpose of this study was to: 1) define the annual productivity cost for a patient with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and 2) evaluate the relationship between degree of productivity cost and CRS-specific characteristics. Prospective, multi-institutional, observational cohort study. The human capital approach was used to define productivity costs. Annual absenteeism, presenteeism, and lost leisure time was quantified to define annual lost productive time (LPT). LPT was monetized using the annual daily wage rates obtained from the 2012 U.S. National Census and the 2013 U.S. Department of Labor statistics. A total of 55 patients with refractory CRS were enrolled. The mean work days lost related to absenteeism and presenteeism were 24.6 and 38.8 days per year, respectively. A total of 21.2 household days were lost per year related to daily sinus care requirements. The overall annual productivity cost was $10,077.07 per patient with refractory CRS. Productivity costs increased with worsening disease-specific QoL (r = 0.440; p = 0.001). Results from this study have demonstrated that the annual productivity cost associated with refractory CRS is $10,077.07 per patient. This substantial cost to society provides a strong incentive to optimize current treatment protocols and continue evaluating novel clinical interventions to reduce this cost. © 2014 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

Productivity Costs in Patients with Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis

PubMed Central

Rudmik, Luke; Smith, Timothy L.; Schlosser, Rodney J.; Hwang, Peter H.; Mace, Jess C.; Soler, Zachary M.

2014-01-01

Objective Disease-specific reductions in patient productivity can lead to substantial economic losses to society. The purpose of this study was to: 1) define the annual productivity cost for a patient with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and 2) evaluate the relationship between degree of productivity cost and CRS-specific characteristics. Study Design Prospective, multi-institutional, observational cohort study. Methods The human capital approach was used to define productivity costs. Annual absenteeism, presenteeism, and lost leisure time was quantified to define annual lost productive time (LPT). LPT was monetized using the annual daily wage rates obtained from the 2012 US National Census and the 2013 US Department of Labor statistics. Results A total of 55 patients with refractory CRS were enrolled. The mean work days lost related to absenteeism and presenteeism was 24.6 and 38.8 days per year, respectively. A total of 21.2 household days were lost per year related to daily sinus care requirements. The overall annual productivity cost was $10,077.07 per patient with refractory CRS. Productivity costs increased with worsening disease-specific QoL (r=0.440; p=0.001). Conclusion Results from this study have demonstrated that the annual productivity cost associated with refractory CRS is $10,077.07 per patient. This substantial cost to society provides a strong incentive to optimize current treatment protocols and continue evaluating novel clinical interventions to reduce this cost. PMID:24619604

Ionospheric winter anomaly and annual anomaly observed from Formosat-3/COSMIC Radio Occultation observations during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sai Gowtam, V.; Tulasi Ram, S.

2017-10-01

Ionospheric winter and annual anomalies have been investigated during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24 using high-resolution global 3D - data of the FORMOSAT - 3/COSMIC (Formosa satellite - 3/Constellation Observing System for Meterology, Ionosphere and Climate) radio occultation observations. Our detailed analysis shows that the occurrence of winter anomaly at low-latitudes is confined only to the early morning to afternoon hours, whereas, the winter anomaly at mid-latitudes is almost absent at all local times during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24. Further, in the topside ionosphere (altitudes of 400 km and above), the winter anomaly is completely absent at all local times. In contrast, the ionospheric annual anomaly is consistently observed at all local times and altitudes during this ascending phase of solar cycle 24. The annual anomaly exhibits strong enhancements over southern EIA crest latitudes during day time and around Weddle Sea Anomaly (WSA) region during night times. The global mean annual asymmetry index is also computed to understand the altitudinal variation. The global mean AI maximizes around 300-500 km altitudes during the low solar active periods (2008-10), whereas it extends up to 600 km during moderate to high (2011) solar activity period. These findings from our study provide new insights to the current understanding of the annual anomaly.

Current and future assessments of soil erosion by water on the Tibetan Plateau based on RUSLE and CMIP5 climate models.

PubMed

Teng, Hongfen; Liang, Zongzheng; Chen, Songchao; Liu, Yong; Viscarra Rossel, Raphael A; Chappell, Adrian; Yu, Wu; Shi, Zhou

2018-04-18

Soil erosion by water is accelerated by a warming climate and negatively impacts water security and ecological conservation. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced warming at a rate approximately twice that observed globally, and heavy precipitation events lead to an increased risk of erosion. In this study, we assessed current erosion on the TP and predicted potential soil erosion by water in 2050. The study was conducted in three steps. During the first step, we used the Revised Universal Soil Equation (RUSLE), publicly available data, and the most recent earth observations to derive estimates of annual erosion from 2002 to 2016 on the TP at 1-km resolution. During the second step, we used a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and a set of climatic covariates to predict rainfall erosivity on the TP in 2050. The MLR was used to establish the relationship between current rainfall erosivity data and a set of current climatic and other covariates. The coefficients of the MLR were generalised with climate covariates for 2050 derived from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models to estimate rainfall erosivity in 2050. During the third step, soil erosion by water in 2050 was predicted using rainfall erosivity in 2050 and other erosion factors. The results show that the mean annual soil erosion rate on the TP under current conditions is 2.76tha -1 y -1 , which is equivalent to an annual soil loss of 559.59×10 6 t. Our 2050 projections suggested that erosion on the TP will increase to 3.17tha -1 y -1 and 3.91tha -1 y -1 under conditions represented by RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively. The current assessment and future prediction of soil erosion by water on the TP should be valuable for environment protection and soil conservation in this unique region and elsewhere. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transgenic proteins in agricultural biotechnology: The toxicology forum 40th annual summer meeting.

PubMed

Sherman, James H; Choudhuri, Supratim; Vicini, John L

2015-12-01

During the 40th Annual Meeting of The Toxicology Forum, the current and potential future science, regulations, and politics of agricultural biotechnology were presented and discussed. The range of current commercial crops and commercial crop traits related to transgenic proteins were reviewed and example crop traits discussed, including insecticidal resistance conferred by Bt proteins and the development of nutritionally enhanced food such as Golden Rice. The existing regulatory framework in the USA, with an emphasis on US FDA's role in evaluating the safety of genetically engineered crops under the regulatory umbrella of the FD&C Act was reviewed. Consideration was given to the polarized politics surrounding agricultural biotechnology, the rise of open access journals, and the influence of the internet and social media in shaping public opinion. Numerous questions related to misconceptions regarding current products and regulations were discussed, highlighting the need for more scientists to take an active role in public discourse to facilitate public acceptance and adoption of new technologies and to enable science-based regulations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quantifying the impact of the major driving mechanisms of inter-annual variability of salinity in the North Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Núñez-Riboni, Ismael; Akimova, Anna

2017-05-01

New 67-year long (1948-2014) gridded time series of salinity in the North Sea at all depths allowed to quantify, spatially resolved, the amount of inter-annual salinity variability explained by each of its driving mechanisms: sea level pressure (SLP), precipitation, river run-off, zonal and meridional winds and currents over the eastern North Atlantic. For the current data, not only annual averages but also their deviations, as measure of turbulence, were considered. Our results summarize and expand the knowledge gathered in the last 50 years about the mechanisms driving inter-annual variability of salinity in the North Sea. Three mechanisms, uncorrelated with each other and acting over separate regions of the North Sea, arise as most important: (1) River run-off from continental Europe explains 50-80% of inter-annual salinity variations at lag 0 in the Southern and German Bights and the Norwegian Trench up to the connection with the North Atlantic, down to the seabed near the coasts and to the deep Norwegian Trench (100 m); (2) Remote variations of salinity in the Rockall Trough explain 70% of salinity variations of the tongue of high salinity in the northwestern North Sea with a lag of one year and down the water column; (3) The Neva discharge explains 60% of salinity changes in Skagerrak and southern Norwegian trench at lag 0. An explanation for this correlation might be the Baltic freshwater outflow being modulated by the Neva discharge through intensification of the estuarine gravitational circulation. We confirmed known relations between river run-off, precipitation over continental Europe, SLP over northern Europe and zonal wind over western Europe. Linked to these changes, we found also changes of meridional wind north of Scotland favoring eastward Ekman transport of salty North Atlantic waters into the North Sea off the Norwegian coast. Excluding this only case, we found no significant correlation between wind-driven currents and North Sea salinity changes. This result supports the notion that the Atlantic inflow into the North Sea is mainly density-driven. Salinity in the region east of Scotland and northern England was alienated from all driving mechanisms tested. An explanation was found in concomitant canceling changes of the intensity of the North Sea circulation and the discharge of the river Tay.

Seasonal and weekly variability of Atlantic inflow into the northern North Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheehan, Peter; Berx, Bee; Gallego, Alejandro; Hall, Rob; Heywood, Karen

2017-04-01

Quantifying the variability of Atlantic inflow is necessary for managing the North Sea ecosystem and for producing accurate models for forecasting, for example, oil spill trajectories. The JONSIS hydrographic section (2.23°W to 0° at 59.28°N) crosses the path of the main inflow of Atlantic water into the northwestern North Sea. 122 occupations between 1989 and 2015 are examined to determine the annual cycle of thermohaline-driven volume transport into the North Sea. Thermohaline transport is at a minimum (0.1 Sv) during winter when it is driven by a horizontal salinity gradient across a zonal bottom front; it is at a maximum (0.35 Sv) in early autumn when it is driven by a horizontal temperature gradient that develops across the same front. The amplitude of the annual cycle of temperature-driven transport (0.15 Sv) is bigger than the amplitude of the annual cycle of salinity-driven transport (0.025 Sv). The annual cycles are approximately six months out of phase. Our quantitative results are the first to be based on a long-term dataset, and we advance previous understanding by identifying a salinity-driven flow in winter. Week-to-week variability of the Atlantic inflow is examined from ten Seaglider occupations of the JONSIS section in October and November 2013. Tidal ellipses produced from glider dive-average current observations are in good agreement with ellipses produced from tide model predictions. Total transport is derived by referencing geostrophic shear to dive-average-current observations once the tidal component of the flow has been removed. Total transport through the section during the deployment (0.5-1 Sv) is bigger than the thermohaline component (0.1-0.2 Sv), suggesting non-thermohaline forcings (e.g. wind forcing) are important at that time of year. Thermohaline transport during the glider deployment is in agreement with the annual cycle derived from the long-term observations. The addition of the glider-derived barotropic current permits a more accurate estimate of the transport than is possible from long-term hydrographic monitoring, and enables the separation of barotropic and depth-varying components. These results refine our understanding of the variability of Atlantic inflow into the North Sea on key timescales, and of the contribution of frontal flow to shelf sea circulation.

Increased uptake of cervical screening by women with HIV infection in Auckland regardless of ethnicity, requirement for an interpreter or level of education.

PubMed

Lowe, Michele; Handy, Rupert; Ingram, Joan; Nisbet, Mitzi; Ritchie, Stephen; Thomas, Mark; Briggs, Simon

2016-07-15

Current guidelines recommend that women with HIV infection receive annual cervical smears. We evaluated the uptake of annual cervical smears by women with HIV infection under the care of the Infectious Disease Service at Auckland City Hospital. In an attempt to identify potential barriers to regularly receiving an annual cervical smear, we invited the women to complete a questionnaire. The responses from women who had regularly received an annual cervical smear were compared with those who had not. The proportion of women who had received a cervical smear increased from 44% in 2001, to 73% in 2010 (p=0.001). Ninety-three women (76%) completed the study questionnaire. No statistically significant differences were found in the questionnaire responses between the women who had regularly received an annual cervical smear and those who had not. The proportion of women in this cohort who received a cervical smear in 2010 is comparable with other studies of women with HIV infection in New Zealand and overseas. We have not been able to identify barriers that prevent women with HIV infection in Auckland regularly receiving an annual cervical smear. We plan to encourage women who have not received a cervical smear in the previous 2-year period to have a cervical smear performed when they attend the Infectious Disease Clinic, and will continue to notify the National Cervical Screening Programme that all women who are newly diagnosed with HIV infection should have an annual recall code attached to future cervical smear reports. We expect that these interventions will further increase the proportion of women with HIV infection in Auckland who receive an annual cervical smear.

Annual Stock Assessment - CWT [Coded Wire Tag program] (USFWS), Annual Report 2007.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pastor, Stephen M.

2009-07-21

In 1989 the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) began funding the evaluation of production groups of juvenile anadromous fish not being coded-wire tagged for other programs. These groups were the 'Missing Production Groups'. Production fish released by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) without representative coded-wire tags during the 1980s are indicated as blank spaces on the survival graphs in this report. This program is now referred to as 'Annual Stock Assessment - CWT'. The objectives of the 'Annual Stock Assessment' program are to: (1) estimate the total survival of each production group, (2) estimate the contribution of each productionmore » group to fisheries, and (3) prepare an annual report for USFWS hatcheries in the Columbia River basin. Coded-wire tag recovery information will be used to evaluate the relative success of individual brood stocks. This information can also be used by salmon harvest managers to develop plans to allow the harvest of excess hatchery fish while protecting threatened, endangered, or other stocks of concern. All fish release information, including marked/unmarked ratios, is reported to the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC). Fish recovered in the various fisheries or at the hatcheries are sampled to recover coded-wire tags. This recovery information is also reported to PSMFC. This report has been prepared annually starting with the report labeled 'Annual Report 1994'. Although the current report has the title 'Annual Report 2007', it was written in fall of 2008 using data available from RMIS that same year, and submitted as final in January 2009. The main objective of the report is to evaluate survival of groups which have been tagged under this ongoing project.« less

EPIC'S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

EPA Science Inventory

EPIC completes approximately 150 site characterizations annually using current and historical aerial photographs. This work is done in support of EPA Regional and Program
offices. Site characterization provides detailed information about a site and its history, often going ba...

2015 Project Portfolio: Solid-State Lighting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none,

2015-01-30

Overview of SSL projects currently funded by DOE, and those previously funded but since completed. Each profile includes a brief technical description, as well as information about project partners, funding, and the research period. This report is updated annually.

Natural Gas Annual

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

Provides information on the supply and disposition of natural gas in the United States. Production, transmission, storage, deliveries, and price data are published by state for the current year. Summary data are presented for each state for the previous 5 years.

78 FR 59053 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of an Extension of an Information Collection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... ecosystems, and human and wildlife health. These invaders extract a huge cost. The current annual..., monitoring of invading populations; improving understanding of the ecology of invaders and factors in the...

Freight Transportation Petroleum Conservation - Viability Evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-03-01

This report develops a comprehensive perspective of current and near-term future energy demand in U.S. freight transportation. Synthesis of studies of many agencies indicate that the annual petroleum fuel demand for freight transportation in 1985 wil...

42 CFR 483.134 - Evaluating whether an individual with mental illness requires specialized services (PASARR/MI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STATES AND LONG TERM CARE FACILITIES Preadmission Screening and Annual Review of... functioning, memory functioning, and orientation, description of current attitudes and overt behaviors, affect...

Tax Tips for Forest Landowners for the 2013 Tax Year

Treesearch

Linda Wang; John Greene

2013-01-01

This annual bulletin provides federal income tax reporting tips to assist forest landowners and their advisers in filing their 2013 income tax returns. The information presented here is current as of Sept. 15, 2013.

2017 Project Portfolio: Solid-State Lighting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2017-01-02

Overview of SSL projects currently funded by DOE, and those previously funded but since completed. Each profile includes a brief technical description, as well as information about project partners, funding, and the research period. This report is updated annually.

Management assessment : implications for development and training.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-01-01

Training needs of first level, middle level, and upper level managers within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) were assessed through the analysis of two current agency surveys: the bienniel Job Satisfaction Survey and the new, annual Survey-F...

Hill-Burton Free and Reduced Cost Health Care

MedlinePlus

... applicant's income must fall within the annually published Poverty Guidelines of the U.S. Department of Health and ... your income is at or below the current Poverty Guidelines, facility services may be free. • If your ...

Second annual Transportation Infrastructure Engineering Conference.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

The conference will highlight a few of the current projects that have been sponsored by the Center for Transportation : Infrastructure and Safety (CTIS), a national University Transportation Center at S&T. In operation since 1998, the CTIS supports :...

A portable trap with electric lead catches up to 75% of an invasive fish species.

PubMed

Johnson, Nicholas S; Miehls, Scott; O'Connor, Lisa M; Bravener, Gale; Barber, Jessica; Thompson, Henry; Tix, John A; Bruning, Tyler

2016-06-24

A novel system combining a trap and pulsed direct current electricity was able to catch up to 75% of tagged invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in free-flowing streams. Non-target mortality was rare and impacts to non-target migration were minimal; likely because pulsed direct current only needed to be activated at night (7 hours of each day). The system was completely portable and the annual cost of the trapping system was low ($4,800 U.S. dollars). Use of the technology is poised to substantially advance integrated control of sea lamprey, which threaten a fishery valued at 7 billion U.S. dollars annually, and help restore sea lamprey populations in Europe where they are native, but imperiled. The system may be broadly applicable to controlling invasive fishes and restoring valued fishes worldwide, thus having far reaching effects on ecosystems and societies.

A portable trap with electric lead catches up to 75% of an invasive fish species

PubMed Central

Johnson, Nicholas S.; Miehls, Scott; O’Connor, Lisa M.; Bravener, Gale; Barber, Jessica; Thompson, Henry; Tix, John A.; Bruning, Tyler

2016-01-01

A novel system combining a trap and pulsed direct current electricity was able to catch up to 75% of tagged invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in free-flowing streams. Non-target mortality was rare and impacts to non-target migration were minimal; likely because pulsed direct current only needed to be activated at night (7 hours of each day). The system was completely portable and the annual cost of the trapping system was low ($4,800 U.S. dollars). Use of the technology is poised to substantially advance integrated control of sea lamprey, which threaten a fishery valued at 7 billion U.S. dollars annually, and help restore sea lamprey populations in Europe where they are native, but imperiled. The system may be broadly applicable to controlling invasive fishes and restoring valued fishes worldwide, thus having far reaching effects on ecosystems and societies. PMID:27341485

A portable trap with electric lead catches up to 75% of an invasive fish species

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Nicholas; Miehls, Scott M.; O'Connor, Lisa M; Bravener, Gale; Barber, Jessica; Thompson, Henry T.; Tix, John A.; Bruning, Tyler

2016-01-01

A novel system combining a trap and pulsed direct current electricity was able to catch up to 75% of tagged invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in free-flowing streams. Non-target mortality was rare and impacts to non-target migration were minimal; likely because pulsed direct current only needed to be activated at night (7 hours of each day). The system was completely portable and the annual cost of the trapping system was low ($4,800 U.S. dollars). Use of the technology is poised to substantially advance integrated control of sea lamprey, which threaten a fishery valued at 7 billion U.S. dollars annually, and help restore sea lamprey populations in Europe where they are native, but imperiled. The system may be broadly applicable to controlling invasive fishes and restoring valued fishes worldwide, thus having far reaching effects on ecosystems and societies.

A novel process for updating recommendations for managing hypertension: rationale and methods.

PubMed

Zarnke, K B; Campbell, N R; McAlister, F A; Levine, M

2000-09-01

There are numerous hypertension consensus recommendations intended for practising physicians. However, recommendations in their current format have limited impact on improving hypertension control. A group of national societies, headed by the Canadian Hypertension Society, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, and Health Canada has developed strategies to maintain annually updated recommendations for hypertension management and to provide greater opportunities for their implementation into clinical practice. The process is overseen by a steering committee. Subcommittees have been formed for each of a list of topics seen as important to the control of hypertension. The subcommittees, with the aid of a central librarian, conduct annual literature reviews in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration strategies. Modified existing and new recommendations are forwarded to a group with expertise in clinical epidemiology. Grades of evidence are assigned to each recommendation. Revised recommendations based on the above process will be presented annually at the conjoint Canadian Hypertension Society/Canadian Cardiovascular Congress meeting. Under the leadership of the Cardiovascular Disease Division of the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada, a committee has been charged with the implementation process. The improvements of the current process over previous national hypertension recommendations are four-fold. First, the recommendations will be updated annually. Second, the methodology has been improved. Third, the grading system can be used in the evaluation of complex study designs. Finally, the implementation process is extended. The authors are optimistic that these changes will contribute to the improvement of hypertension control in the Canadian population.

Variation of the North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current, and Kuroshio Current in a high-resolution data assimilation during 2008-2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Fangguo; Wang, Qingye; Wang, Fujun; Hu, Dunxin

2014-11-01

Outputs from a high-resolution data assimilation system, the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM+NCODA) 1/12° analysis, were analyzed for the period September 2008 to February 2012. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of the system in simulating ocean circulation in the tropical northwestern Pacific and to examine the seasonal to interannual variations of the western boundary currents. The HYCOM assimilation compares well with altimetry observations and mooring current measurements. The mean structures and standard deviations of velocities of the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Mindanao Current (MC) and Kuroshio Current (KC) also compare well with previous observations. Seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC transport volume are closely correlated with the MC transport volume, instead of that of the KC. The NEC and MC transport volumes mainly show well-defined annual cycles, with their maxima in spring and minima in fall, and are closely related to the circulation changes in the Mindanao Dome (MD) region. In seasons of transport maxima, the MD region experiences negative SSH anomalies and a cyclonic gyre anomaly, and in seasons of transport minima the situation is reversed. The sea surface NEC bifurcation latitude (NBL) in the HYCOM assimilation also agrees well with altimetry observations. In 2009, the NBL shows an annual cycle similar to previous studies, reaching its southernmost position in summer and its northernmost position in winter. In 2010 and 2011, the NBL variations are dominantly influenced by La Niña events. The dynamics responsible for the seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC-MC-KC current system are also discussed.

Site Characterization at a Tidal Energy Site in the East River, NY (usa)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gunawan, B.; Neary, V. S.; Colby, J.

2012-12-01

A comprehensive tidal energy site characterization is performed using ADV measurements of instantaneous horizontal current magnitude and direction at the planned hub centerline of a tidal turbine over a two month period, and contributes to the growing data base of tidal energy site hydrodynamic conditions. The temporal variation, mean current statistics, and turbulence of the key tidal hydrodynamic parameters are examined in detail, and compared to estimates from two tidal energy sites in Puget Sound. Tidal hydrodynamic conditions, including mean annual current (at hub height), the speed of extreme gusts (instantaneous horizontal currents acting normal to the rotor plane), and turbulence intensity (as proposed here, relative to a mean current of 2 m s-1) can vary greatly among tidal energy sites. Comparison of hydrodynamic conditions measured in the East River tidal straight in New York City with those reported for two tidal energy sites in Puget Sound indicate differences of mean annual current speeds, difference in the instantaneous current speeds of extreme gusts, and differences in turbulence intensities. Significant differences in these parameters among the tidal energy sites, and with the tidal resource assessment map, highlight the importance of conducting site resource characterization with ADV measurements at the machine scale. As with the wind industry, which adopted an International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) wind class standard to aid in the selection of wind turbines for a particular site, it is recommended that the tidal energy industry adopt an appropriate standard for tidal current classes. Such a standard requires a comprehensive field campaign at multiple tidal energy sites that can identify the key hydrodynamic parameters for tidal current site classification, select a list of tidal energy sites that exhibit the range of hydrodynamic conditions that will be encountered, and adopt consistent measurement practices (standards) for site classification.

Atmospheric signature of the Agulhas current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stela Nkwinkwa Njouodo, Arielle; Koseki, Shunya; Rouault, Mathieu; Keenlyside, Noel

2017-04-01

Satellite observation and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) are used to map the influence of the Agulhas current on local annual precipitation in Southern Africa. The pressure adjustment mechanism is applied over the Agulhas current region. Results unfold that the narrow band of precipitation above the Agulhas Current is collocated with surface wind convergence, sea surface temperature (SST) Laplacian and sea level pressure (SLP) Laplacian. Relationship between SLP Laplacian and wind convergence is found, with 0.54 correlation coefficient statistically significant. In the free troposphere, the band of precipitation above the Agulhas current is collocated with the wind divergence and the upward motion of wind velocity. The warm waters from the Agulhas current can influence local precipitation.

In-situ measurements of velocity structure within turbidity currents

USGS Publications Warehouse

Xu, J. P.; Noble, M.A.; Rosenfeld, L.K.

2004-01-01

Turbidity currents are thought to be the main mechanism to move ???500,000 m3 of sediments annually from the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon to the deep-sea fan. Indirect evidence has shown frequent occurrences of such turbidity currents in the canyon, but the dynamic properties of the turbidity currents such as maximum speed, duration, and dimensions are still unknown. Here we present the first-ever in-situ measurements of velocity profiles of four turbidity currents whose maximum along-canyon velocity reached 190 cm/s. Two turbidity currents coincided with storms that produced the highest swells and the biggest stream flows during the year-long deployment. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.

The full annual carbon balance of Eurasian boreal forests is highly sensitive to precipitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Öquist, Mats; Bishop, Kevin; Grelle, Achim; Klemedtsson, Leif; Köhler, Stephan; Laudon, Hjalmar; Lindroth, Anders; Ottosson Löfvenius, Mikaell; Wallin, Marcus; Nilsson, Mats

2013-04-01

Boreal forest biomes are identified as one of the major sinks for anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 and are also predicted to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Recent advances in understanding the carbon balance of these biomes stems mainly from eddy-covariance measurements of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE). However, NEE includes only the vertical CO2 exchange driven by photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration. A full net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) also requires inclusion of lateral carbon export (LCE) through catchment discharge. Currently LCE is often regarded as negligible for the NECB of boreal forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere, commonly corresponding to ~5% of annual NEE. Here we use long term (13 year) data showing that annual LCE and NEE are strongly correlated (p=0.003); years with low C sequestration by the forest coincide with years when lateral C loss is high. The fraction of NEE lost annually through LCE varied markedly from <3% to ca. 25%. Deviation in annual precipitation from the 28-year average (1980-2008) explained 90% of the variation observed in the fraction of C lost annually by LCE. The relationship suggests that an increase in annual precipitation of 10-20% in the boreal region would approximately double the fraction of NEE lost annually from the terrestrial system to surface waters. The correlation between NEE and LCE arises because the annual precipitation is correlated with both NEE (p<0.004) and LCE (p<0.001). Both these strong correlations contribute to an overall correlation between annual NECB and precipitation. The likely mechanism behind decreased NEE in response to increasing precipitation is a reduction in incoming solar radiation caused by clouds. The dual effect of precipitation implies that both the observed and the predicted increases in annual precipitation at high latitudes may reduce NECB in boreal forest ecosystems. Based on regional scaling of hydrological discharge and observed spatio-temporal variations in forest NEE we conclude that our finding is relevant for large areas of the boreal Eurasian landscape.

Assessment of Rooftop Area in Austin Energy's Service Territory Suitable for PV Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiese, Steven M.

The objective of this project was to create a model for assessing the amount of rooftop area on commercial, industrial, institutional, and governmental buildings in Austin Energy's service area suitable for solar electric energy development and, based on this model, determine the potential installed capacity and annual energy production from solar electric installations on the rooftops of these buildings. Key questions addressed by this project were: 1.What is the aggregate rooftop area, rooftop area suitable for PV project development, and potential for PV capacity and energy production from rooftop solar photovoltaic systems on key building types in Austin Energy's servicemore » area? 2.How do the potential capacity and annual energy production from rooftop solar electric systems compare with Austin Energy's current capacity and annual energy requirements?« less

Population characteristics and assessment of overfishing for an exploited paddlefish population in the lower Tennessee River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Scholten, G.D.; Bettoli, P.W.

2005-01-01

Paddlefish Polyodon spathula (n = 576) were collected from Kentucky Lake, Kentucky-Tennessee, with experimental gill nets in 2003-2004 to assess population characteristics and the potential for commercial overfishing. Additional data were collected from 1,039 paddlefish caught by commercial gillnetters in this impoundment. Since the most recent study in 1991, size and age structure have been reduced and annual mortality has tripled. In the 1991 study, 37% of the fish collected were older than the maximum age we observed (age 11), and in 2003 annual mortality for paddlefish age 7 and older was high (A = 68%). Natural mortality is presumably low (<10%) for paddlefish; therefore, exploitation in recent years is high. Estimates of total annual mortality were negatively related to river discharge in the years preceding each estimate. The number of paddlefish harvested since 1999 was also negatively related to river discharge because gill nets cannot be easily deployed when discharge exceeds approximately 850 m3/s. Large females spawn annually because all females longer than 1,034 mm eye-fork length (EFL) were gravid. No mature females were protected by the current 864-mm minimum EFL limit. At a low natural mortality rate, higher size limits when exploitation was high (40-70%) increased simulated flesh yields by 10-20%. Even at low levels of exploitation (21%), spawning potential ratios (SPRs) under the current 864-mm minimum EFL size limit fell below 20%. If the size limit was raised to 1,016 mm EFL, the population could withstand up to 62% exploitation before the SPR falls below 20%. An analysis of annual mortality caps indicated that the best way to increase the average size of harvested fish is to increase the minimum size limit. Recruitment overfishing probably occurs during drought years; however, variation in river discharge has prevented the population from being exploited at unsustainable rates in the past. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.

The Cold and Icy Heart of Pluto

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamilton, D. P.

2015-12-01

The locations of large deposits of frozen volatiles on planetary surfaces are largely coincident with areas receiving the minimum annual influx of solar energy. Thus we have the familiar polar caps of Earth and Mars, but cold equatorial regions for planets with obliquities between 54 and 126 degrees. Furthermore, for tilts between 45-66 degrees and 114-135 degrees the minimum incident energy occurs neither at the pole nor the equator. We find that the annual average insolation is always symmetric about Pluto's equator and is fully independent of the relative locations of the planet's pericenter and equinoxes. Remarkably, this symmetry holds for arbitrary orbital eccentricities and obliquities, and so we provide a short proof in the margin of this abstract. The current obliquity of Pluto is 119 degrees, giving it minima in average annual insolation at +/- 27 degrees latitude, with ~1.5% more flux to the equator and ~15% more to the poles. But the obliquity of Pluto also varies sinusoidally from 102-126 degrees and so, over the past million years, Pluto's annual equatorial and polar fluxes have changed by +15% and -13%, respectively. Interestingly, the energy flux received by latitudes between 25-35 degrees remains nearly constant over the presumably billions of years since Pluto acquired its current orbit and spin properties. Thus these latitudes are continuously cold and should be favored for the long-term deposition of volatile ices; the bright heart of Pluto, Sputnik Planum, extends not coincidentally across these latitudes. Reflected light and emitted thermal radiation from Charon increases annual insolation to one side of Pluto by of order 0.02%. Although small, the bulk of the energy is delivered at night to Pluto's cold equatorial regions. Furthermore, Charon's thermal IR is delivered very efficiently to icy deposits. Over billions of years, ices have preferentially formed and survived in the anti-Charon hemisphere.

Trends and future challenges of water resources in the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers basin in Iraq

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Issa, I. E.; Al-Ansari, N. A.; Sherwany, G.; Knutsson, S.

2013-12-01

Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.29 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3 yr-1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3 yr-1 for Euphrates. This implies the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294 and 0.960% respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43 and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 0.896 km3; of which 0.5271 and 0.475 km3 within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km3 yr-1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km3 yr-1 (total 72.069 km3 yr-1), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km3 yr-1. This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km3.

2011 NASA Range Safety Annual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dumont, Alan G.

2012-01-01

Welcome to the 2011 edition of the NASA Range Safety Annual Report. Funded by NASA Headquarters, this report provides a NASA Range Safety overview for current and potential range users. As is typical with odd year editions, this is an abbreviated Range Safety Annual Report providing updates and links to full articles from the previous year's report. It also provides more complete articles covering new subject areas, summaries of various NASA Range Safety Program activities conducted during the past year, and information on several projects that may have a profound impact on the way business will be done in the future. Specific topics discussed and updated in the 2011 NASA Range Safety Annual Report include a program overview and 2011 highlights; Range Safety Training; Range Safety Policy revision; Independent Assessments; Support to Program Operations at all ranges conducting NASA launch/flight operations; a continuing overview of emerging range safety-related technologies; and status reports from all of the NASA Centers that have Range Safety responsibilities. Every effort has been made to include the most current information available. We recommend this report be used only for guidance and that the validity and accuracy of all articles be verified for updates. Once again the web-based format was used to present the annual report. We continually receive positive feedback on the web-based edition and hope you enjoy this year's product as well. As is the case each year, contributors to this report are too numerous to mention, but we thank individuals from the NASA Centers, the Department of Defense, and civilian organizations for their contributions. In conclusion, it has been a busy and productive year. I'd like to extend a personal Thank You to everyone who contributed to make this year a successful one, and I look forward to working with all of you in the upcoming year.

Economic and Time-Sensitive Issues Surrounding CCS: A Policy Analysis.

PubMed

Maddali, Vijay; Tularam, Gurudeo Anand; Glynn, Patrick

2015-08-04

Are the existing global policies on combating global warming via the carbon capture and storage (CCS) method significant enough to curtail the temperature rise on time? We argue that it is already too late to have any reliance on CCS. The current status of CCS is that it is plagued by technical uncertainties, infrastructure, financial, and regulatory issues. The technology is far from maturity and, hence, commercialization. Simulations conducted in this work suggest that the relevance of CCS is completely defied if the annual emission growth rate is in excess of 2% between the years of 2015 and 2040. At such a growth rate, the annual emissions reduction between 2040 and 2100 will need to be in the vicinity of 5.5% by the year 2100. Considering an average annual emissions growth rate of 2.5% over the past decade, it seems unlikely that the emissions could be contained to a 2% growth level. CCS in its current shape and form is at odds with the economics of its implementation and the time in hand with which to play a significant role in a carbon mitigation strategy. There is an urgent need to rethink policies and strategies to combat global warming to at least some degree.

GIS-based approach for the evaluation of offshore wind power potential for Gujarat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Dhrumin; Nagababu, Garlapati; Radadia, Nishil; Parsana, Sohil; Sheth, Mohak; Sheth, Nisarg

2018-05-01

In the current global scenario, India is increasing its focus towards the methods to enrich the benefits of non-renewable energy sources as much as possible due to their key advantage of having low carbon footprint. India has already emerged as a key global player in on-shore wind energy and to achieve its annual wind energy production demand of 50 GWh, avenues other than current options have been researched on. Offshore wind energy has experienced remarkable growth worldwide but has not yet been harnessed sufficiently in India, despite addressing many of environmental and economic concerns. The present study focuses on offshore wind resource assessment on Indian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around Gujarat region. The geographical information system (GIS) methodology has been used to develop maps of wind speed, power density and capacity factor maps. Further, careful consideration has been accorded for expulsion of marine protected areas, shipping transportation lines, fishing zones, and migratory bird movements. The resultant available area has been considered for annual energy production considering data from Siemens Wind Turbine 3.6. The results obtained shows that offshore wind energy can offset twice the annual energy demand of entire country with a potential energy production of more than 2580 TWh.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Three Screening Alternatives for People with Diabetes with No or Early Diabetic Retinopathy

PubMed Central

Rein, David B; Wittenborn, John S; Zhang, Xinzhi; Allaire, Benjamin A; Song, Michael S; Klein, Ronald; Saaddine, Jinan B

2011-01-01

Objective To determine whether biennial eye evaluation or telemedicine screening are cost-effective alternatives to current recommendations for the estimated 10 million people aged 30–84 with diabetes but no or minimal diabetic retinopathy. Data Sources United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns, Medicare Payment Schedule. Study Design Cost-effectiveness Monte Carlo simulation. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Literature review, analysis of existing surveys. Principal Findings Biennial eye evaluation was the most cost-effective treatment option when the ability to detect other eye conditions was included in the model. Telemedicine was most cost-effective when other eye conditions were not considered or when telemedicine was assumed to detect refractive error. The current annual eye evaluation recommendation was costly compared with either treatment alternative. Self-referral was most cost-effective up to a willingness to pay (WTP) of U.S.$37,600, with either biennial or annual evaluation most cost-effective at higher WTP levels. Conclusions Annual eye evaluations are costly and add little benefit compared with either plausible alternative. More research on the ability of telemedicine to detect other eye conditions is needed to determine whether it is more cost-effective than biennial eye evaluation. PMID:21492158

[A proposal to improve nursing fee differentiation policy for general hospitals using profitability-analysis in the national health insurance].

PubMed

Kim, Sungjae; Kim, Jinhyun

2012-06-01

The purpose of this study was to propose optimal hospitalization fees for nurse staffing levels and to improve the current nursing fee policy. A break-even analysis was used to evaluate the impact of a nursing fee policy on hospital's financial performance. Variables considered included the number of beds, bed occupancy rate, annual total patient days, hospitalization fees for nurse staffing levels, the initial annual nurses' salary, and the ratio of overhead costs to nursing labor costs. Data were collected as secondary data from annual reports of the Hospital Nursing Association and national health insurance. The hospitalization fees according to nurse staffing levels in general hospitals are required to sustain or decrease in grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, and increase in grades 5 and 6. It is suggested that the range between grade 2 and 3 be sustained at the current level, the range between grade 4 and 5 be widen or merged into one, and the range between grade 6 and 7 be divided into several grades. Readjusting hospitalization fees for nurse staffing level will improve nurse-patient ratio and enhance the quality of nursing care in hospitals. Follow-up studies including tertiary hospitals and small hospitals are recommended.

Economic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Different Stages of Disease: A Report From Southern Iran

PubMed Central

Zare, Fatemeh; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Sepehrimanesh, Masood; Safarpour, Ali Reza

2016-01-01

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major blood-borne infection which imposes high economic cost on the patients. Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the total annual cost due to chronic HCV related diseases imposed on each patient and their family in Southern Iran. Patients and Methods Economic burden of chronic hepatitis C-related liver diseases (chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. The current retrospective study evaluated 200 Iranian patients for their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect costs) and treatment costs and work days lost due to illness by a structured questionnaire in 2015. Costs of hospital admissions were extracted from databases of Nemazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The outpatient expenditure per patient was measured through the rate of outpatient visits and average cost per visit reported by the patients; while the inpatient costs were calculated through annual rate of hospital admissions and average expenditure. Self-medication and direct non-medical costs were also reported. The human capital approach was used to measure the work loss cost. Results The total annual cost per patient for chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on purchasing power parity (PPP) were USD 1625.50, USD 6117.2, and USD 11047.2 in 2015, respectively. Conclusions Chronic hepatitis C-related liver diseases impose a substantial economic burden on patients, families and the society. The current study provides useful information on cost of treatment and work loss for different disease states, which can be further used in cost-effectiveness evaluations. PMID:27257424

Economic Evaluation of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk from Health System and Private Payer Perspectives.

PubMed

Arrieta, Alejandro; Page, Timothy F; Veledar, Emir; Nasir, Khurram

2017-01-01

The introduction of Proprotein covertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors has been heralded as a major advancement in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by nearly 50%. However, concerns have been raised on the added value to the health care system in terms of their costs and benefits. We assess the cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitors based on a decision-analytic model with existing clinical evidence. The model compares a lipid-lowering therapy based on statin plus PCSK9 inhibitor treatment with statin treatment only (standard therapy). From health system perspective, incremental cost per quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained are presented. From a private payer perspective, return-on-investment and net present values over patient lifespan are presented. At the current annual cost of $14,000 to $15,000, PCSK9 inhibitors are not cost-effective at an incremental cost of about $350,000 per QALY. Moreover, for every dollar invested in PCSK9 inhibitors, the private payer loses $1.98. Our study suggests that the annual treatment price should be set at $4,250 at a societal willingness-to-pay of $100,000 per QALY. However, we estimate the breakeven price for private payer is only $600 per annual treatment. At current prices, our study suggests that PCSK9 inhibitors do not add value to the U.S. health system and their provision is not profitable for private payers. To be the breakthrough drug in the fight against cardiovascular disease, the current price of PCSK9 inhibitors must be reduced by more than 70%.

Evaluation of annual efficiencies of high temperature central receiver concentrated solar power plants with thermal energy storage.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ehrhart, Brian David; Gill, David Dennis

The current study has examined four cases of a central receiver concentrated solar power plant with thermal energy storage using the DELSOL and SOLERGY computer codes. The current state-of-the-art base case was compared with a theoretical high temperature case which was based on the scaling of some input parameters and the estimation of other parameters based on performance targets from the Department of Energy SunShot Initiative. This comparison was done for both current and high temperature cases in two configurations: a surround field with an external cylindrical receiver and a north field with a single cavity receiver. There is amore » fairly dramatic difference between the design point and annual average performance, especially in the solar field and receiver subsystems, and also in energy losses due to the thermal energy storage being full to capacity. Additionally, there are relatively small differences (<2%) in annual average efficiencies between the Base and High Temperature cases, despite an increase in thermal to electric conversion efficiency of over 8%. This is due the increased thermal losses at higher temperature and operational losses due to subsystem start-up and shut-down. Thermal energy storage can mitigate some of these losses by utilizing larger thermal energy storage to ensure that the electric power production system does not need to stop and re-start as often, but solar energy is inherently transient. Economic and cost considerations were not considered here, but will have a significant impact on solar thermal electric power production strategy and sizing.« less

Condition assessment of short-line railroad bridges in Pennsylvania.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Current levels of available resources to maintain and preserve the Pennsylvania short-line railroad (SLRR) bridge infrastructure require that important priority decisions be made on an annual basis. The primary objective of this study was to establis...

Micro-deval coarse aggregate test evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-05-01

Studded tire use in Oregon results in millions of dollars of pavement damage annually. Accurate tests are needed to qualify durable aggregate for pavements to resist studded tire damage. ODOT currently uses the Los Angeles abrasion test as one of the...

Maximizing the Prospects for Progress Against Cancer

Cancer.gov

The 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting featured numerous, potentially practice changing research findings, according to NCI Director Dr. Norman Sharpless. In this Cancer Currents post, Dr. Sharpless discusses the rapid pace of progress in cancer research.

ACETANILIDE HERBICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS BY LC/MS

EPA Science Inventory

Acetanilide herbicides are frequently applied in the U.S. on crops (corn, soybeans, popcorn, etc.) to control broadleaf and annual weeds. The acetanilide and acetamide herbicides currently registered for use in the U.S. are alachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor, propachlor, flufen...

76 FR 78018 - Renewal of Agency Information Collection for the Bureau of Indian Education Adult Education...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... information collection is currently authorized by OMB Control Number 1076-0120, which expires December 31... OMB Control Number: 1076-0120. Title: Bureau of Indian Affairs Adult Education Program Annual Report...

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets : Current Status 2014

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-03

This report, published annually, summarizes the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discusses the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. Various stakeholders, including d...

77 FR 18865 - Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA); Lower Living Standard Income Level (LLSIL)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... higher level of the poverty line or 70 percent of the LLSIL. This issuance provides the Secretary's annual LLSIL for 2012 and references the current 2012 Health and Human Services ``Poverty Guidelines...

A Method for Improving Temporal and Spatial Resolution of Carbon Dioxide Emissions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gregg, J. S.; Andres, R. J.

2003-12-01

Using United States data, a method is developed to estimate the monthly consumption of solid, liquid and gaseous fossil fuels for each state in the union. This technique employs monthly sales data to estimate the relative monthly proportions of the total annual national fossil fuel use. These proportions are then used to estimate the total monthly carbon dioxide emissions for each state. To assess the success of this technique, the results from this method are compared with the data obtained from other independent methods. To determine the temporal success of the method, the resulting national time series is compared to the model produced by Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) and the current model being developed by T. J. Blasing and C. Broniak at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The University of North Dakota (UND) method fits well temporally with the results of the CDIAC and current ORNL research. To determine the success of the spatial component, the individual state results are compared to the annual state totals calculated by ORNL. Using ordinary least squares regression, the annual state totals of this method are plotted against the ORNL data. This allows a direct comparison of estimates in the form of ordered pairs against a one-to-one ideal correspondence line, and allows for easy detection of outliers in the results obtained by this estimation method. Analyzing the residuals of the linear regression model for each type of fuel permits an improved understanding of the strengths and shortcomings of the spatial component of this estimation technique. Spatially, the model is successful when compared to the current ORNL research. The primary advantages of this method are its ease of implementation and universal applicability. In general, this technique compares favorably to more labor-intensive methods that rely on more detailed data. The more detailed data is generally not available for most countries in the world. The methodology used here will be applied to other nations in the world to better understand their sub-annual cycle and sub-national spatial distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption. Better understanding of the cycle will lead to better models used for predicting and responding to global environmental changes currently observed and anticipated.

Reflections of Girls in the Media. A Report on the Annual Children and the Media Conference (4th, Los Angeles, California, April 30-May 2, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Children Now, Oakland, CA.

This conference focuses on how females are portrayed in a range of current media and whether these messages influence girls. The report is divided into three parts. Part 1, "Getting the Message," maintains that girls are aggressive consumers of the popular media and they understand the messages conveyed there. Although current media…

Legacies of precipitation fluctuations on primary production: theory and data synthesis.

PubMed

Sala, Osvaldo E; Gherardi, Laureano A; Reichmann, Lara; Jobbágy, Esteban; Peters, Debra

2012-11-19

Variability of above-ground net primary production (ANPP) of arid to sub-humid ecosystems displays a closer association with precipitation when considered across space (based on multiyear averages for different locations) than through time (based on year-to-year change at single locations). Here, we propose a theory of controls of ANPP based on four hypotheses about legacies of wet and dry years that explains space versus time differences in ANPP-precipitation relationships. We tested the hypotheses using 16 long-term series of ANPP. We found that legacies revealed by the association of current- versus previous-year conditions through the temporal series occur across all ecosystem types from deserts to mesic grasslands. Therefore, previous-year precipitation and ANPP control a significant fraction of current-year production. We developed unified models for the controls of ANPP through space and time. The relative importance of current-versus previous-year precipitation changes along a gradient of mean annual precipitation with the importance of current-year PPT decreasing, whereas the importance of previous-year PPT remains constant as mean annual precipitation increases. Finally, our results suggest that ANPP will respond to climate-change-driven alterations in water availability and, more importantly, that the magnitude of the response will increase with time.

Intravenous zoledronate for osteoporosis: less might be more

PubMed Central

Grey, Andrew

2016-01-01

Annual administration of 5 mg intravenous zoledronate is moderately effective in reducing fracture risk in older adults, decreasing the relative risk of clinical fracture by 33%. However, almost 10 years after its approval for use in clinical practice there remain very substantial uncertainties about the optimal treatment regimen, that is, the lowest dose and/or longest dosing interval that is efficacious. Several pieces of clinical research suggest that the current recommendation for annual administration of 5 mg zoledronate might represent overtreatment. Clinical trials to clarify the optimal use of zoledronate for reduction of fracture risk should be undertaken. PMID:27493690

Flooded Underground Coal Mines: A Significant Source of Inexpensive Geothermal Energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watzlaf, G.R.; Ackman, T.E.

2007-04-01

Many mining regions in the United States contain extensive areas of flooded underground mines. The water within these mines represents a significant and widespread opportunity for extracting low-grade, geothermal energy. Based on current energy prices, geothermal heat pump systems using mine water could reduce the annual costs for heating to over 70 percent compared to conventional heating methods (natural gas or heating oil). These same systems could reduce annual cooling costs by up to 50 percent over standard air conditioning in many areas of the country. (Formatted full-text version is released by permission of publisher)

INL Control System Situational Awareness Technology Annual Report 2012

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gordon Rueff; Bryce Wheeler; Todd Vollmer

The overall goal of this project is to develop an interoperable set of tools to provide a comprehensive, consistent implementation of cyber security and overall situational awareness of control and sensor network implementations. The operation and interoperability of these tools will fill voids in current technological offerings and address issues that remain an impediment to the security of control systems. This report provides an FY 2012 update on the Sophia, Mesh Mapper, Intelligent Cyber Sensor, and Data Fusion projects with respect to the year-two tasks and annual reporting requirements of the INL Control System Situational Awareness Technology report (July 2010).

Intravenous zoledronate for osteoporosis: less might be more.

PubMed

Grey, Andrew

2016-08-01

Annual administration of 5 mg intravenous zoledronate is moderately effective in reducing fracture risk in older adults, decreasing the relative risk of clinical fracture by 33%. However, almost 10 years after its approval for use in clinical practice there remain very substantial uncertainties about the optimal treatment regimen, that is, the lowest dose and/or longest dosing interval that is efficacious. Several pieces of clinical research suggest that the current recommendation for annual administration of 5 mg zoledronate might represent overtreatment. Clinical trials to clarify the optimal use of zoledronate for reduction of fracture risk should be undertaken.

AFTER ACTION REPORT Eleventh Annual Radiation Measurement Cross Calibration Workshop (RMCC XI) Applications to Nuclear Safeguards and Security

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davisson, M L; Kristo, M J; Fei, E

The intent of this trip was to initiate discussion with the appropriate Jordanian authorities on US collaboration in their development of a nuclear forensic capability. This required firstly to determine which agency has been legally mandated to receive and analyze nuclear forensic evidence and to review their current state of readiness to assess what assistance the US would need to provide. An additional purpose, was to introduce nuclear forensic analysis by example to the several Middle East and north African country labs present at this annual meeting.

Annual Geocenter Motion from Space Geodesy and Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ries, J. C.

2013-12-01

Ideally, the origin of the terrestrial reference frame and the center of mass of the Earth are always coincident. By construction, the origin of the reference frame is coincident with the mean Earth center of mass, averaged over the time span of the satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations used in the reference frame solution, within some level of uncertainty. At shorter time scales, tidal and non-tidal mass variations result in an offset between the origin and geocenter, called geocenter motion. Currently, there is a conventional model for the tidally-coherent diurnal and semi-diurnal geocenter motion, but there is no model for the non-tidal annual variation. This annual motion reflects the largest-scale mass redistribution in the Earth system, so it essential to observe it for a complete description of the total mass transport. Failing to model it can also cause false signals in geodetic products such as sea height observations from satellite altimeters. In this paper, a variety of estimates for the annual geocenter motion are presented based on several different geodetic techniques and models, and a ';consensus' model from SLR is suggested.

Statistical analysis of CSP plants by simulating extensive meteorological series

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavón, Manuel; Fernández, Carlos M.; Silva, Manuel; Moreno, Sara; Guisado, María V.; Bernardos, Ana

2017-06-01

The feasibility analysis of any power plant project needs the estimation of the amount of energy it will be able to deliver to the grid during its lifetime. To achieve this, its feasibility study requires a precise knowledge of the solar resource over a long term period. In Concentrating Solar Power projects (CSP), financing institutions typically requires several statistical probability of exceedance scenarios of the expected electric energy output. Currently, the industry assumes a correlation between probabilities of exceedance of annual Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and energy yield. In this work, this assumption is tested by the simulation of the energy yield of CSP plants using as input a 34-year series of measured meteorological parameters and solar irradiance. The results of this work show that, even if some correspondence between the probabilities of exceedance of annual DNI values and energy yields is found, the intra-annual distribution of DNI may significantly affect this correlation. This result highlights the need of standardized procedures for the elaboration of representative DNI time series representative of a given probability of exceedance of annual DNI.

Community for Data Integration 2014 annual report

USGS Publications Warehouse

Langseth, Madison L.; Chang, Michelle Y.; Carlino, Jennifer; Birch, Daniella D.; Bradley, Joshua; Bristol, R. Sky; Conzelmann, Craig; Diehl, Robert H.; Earle, Paul S.; Ellison, Laura E.; Everette, Anthony L.; Fuller, Pamela L.; Gordon, Janice M.; Govoni, David L.; Guy, Michelle R.; Henkel, Heather S.; Hutchison, Vivian B.; Kern, Tim; Lightsom, Frances L.; Long, Joseph W.; Longhenry, Ryan; Preston, Todd M.; Smith, Stan W.; Viger, Roland J.; Wesenberg, Katherine; Wood, Eric C.

2015-10-02

To achieve these goals, the CDI operates within four applied areas: monthly forums, annual workshop/webinar series, working groups, and projects. The monthly forums, also known as the Opportunity/Challenge of the Month, provide an open dialogue to share and learn about data integration efforts or to present problems that invite the community to offer solutions, advice, and support. Since 2010, the CDI has also sponsored annual workshops/webinar series to encourage the exchange of ideas, sharing of activities, presentations of current projects, and networking among members. Stemming from common interests, the working groups are focused on efforts to address data management and technical challenges including the development of standards and tools, improving interoperability and information infrastructure, and data preservation within USGS and its partners. The growing support for the activities of the working groups led to the CDI’s first formal request for proposals (RFP) process in 2013 to fund projects that produced tangible products. As of 2014, the CDI continues to hold an annual RFP that creates data management tools and practices, collaboration tools, and training in support of data integration and delivery.

Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage along the Colorado River in Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wright, Scott A.; Grams, Paul E.

2010-01-01

This report describes numerical modeling simulations of sand transport and sand budgets for reaches of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. Two hypothetical Water Year 2011 annual release volumes were each evaluated with six hypothetical operational scenarios. The six operational scenarios include the current operation, scenarios with modifications to the monthly distribution of releases, and scenarios with modifications to daily flow fluctuations. Uncertainties in model predictions were evaluated by conducting simulations with error estimates for tributary inputs and mainstem transport rates. The modeling results illustrate the dependence of sand transport rates and sand budgets on the annual release volumes as well as the within year operating rules. The six operational scenarios were ranked with respect to the predicted annual sand budgets for Marble Canyon and eastern Grand Canyon reaches. While the actual WY 2011 annual release volume and levels of tributary inputs are unknown, the hypothetical conditions simulated and reported herein provide reasonable comparisons between the operational scenarios, in a relative sense, that may be used by decision makers within the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program.

Using a Hybrid Model to Forecast the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Humans

PubMed Central

Zhou, Lingling; Xia, Jing; Yu, Lijing; Wang, Ying; Shi, Yun; Cai, Shunxiang; Nie, Shaofa

2016-01-01

Background: We previously proposed a hybrid model combining both the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NARNN) models in forecasting schistosomiasis. Our purpose in the current study was to forecast the annual prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Yangxin County, using our ARIMA-NARNN model, thereby further certifying the reliability of our hybrid model. Methods: We used the ARIMA, NARNN and ARIMA-NARNN models to fit and forecast the annual prevalence of schistosomiasis. The modeling time range included was the annual prevalence from 1956 to 2008 while the testing time range included was from 2009 to 2012. The mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to measure the model performance. We reconstructed the hybrid model to forecast the annual prevalence from 2013 to 2016. Results: The modeling and testing errors generated by the ARIMA-NARNN model were lower than those obtained from either the single ARIMA or NARNN models. The predicted annual prevalence from 2013 to 2016 demonstrated an initial decreasing trend, followed by an increase. Conclusions: The ARIMA-NARNN model can be well applied to analyze surveillance data for early warning systems for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis. PMID:27023573

The relationship between suicide and five climate issues in a large-scale and long-term study in Japan.

PubMed

Inoue, K; Nishimura, Y; Fujita, Y; Ono, Y; Fukunaga, T

2012-08-01

Suicide rates in Japan were high in 1998 and have remained high since then. Many researchers have discussed the current state of suicide in Japan and the world; however, there are various opinions about the relationship between suicide and climate. In the present study, we report on long-term data of suicide and examine five climatic issues in Japan as a whole and in 10 selected prefectures: the five with the highest suicide rates in 2006 (Akita, Iwate, Shimane, Yamagata and Miyazaki Prefectures) and the five with the lowest (Nara, Tokushima, Okayama, Kanagawa and Kyoto Prefectures). Annual age-adjusted suicide rates were found to have a significant inverse correlation with annual mean air temperature in the five prefectures with the highest suicide rates and in the three prefectures with the lowest suicide rates among women. Annual age-adjusted suicide rates were significantly correlated with annual mean relative humidity in the three prefectures with the highest suicide rates among women and with the annual total sunshine duration in the three prefectures with the highest suicide rates among women. It is important that these associations between suicide and climatic factors be discussed further from various viewpoints, including those of many researchers and relevant organizations.

Vegetation dynamic characteristics and its responses to climate change in Jinghe River watershed of Loess Plateau, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, F.; Liu, W.; Zhou, H.; Ning, T.; Wang, Y.

2017-12-01

The Jinghe River is a second-order tributary of the Yellow River, and located in the middle-south part of the Loess Plateau. The watershed area is 45421km², with the mean annual precipitation (P) being about 508mm and aridity index 2.09. For a long time, soil and water loss in this watershed is severe, resulting in very fragile ecological environment. The GIMMS-normalized vegetation index NDVI is used to reflect condition of vegetation cover, and P and Penman potential evapotranspiration (ET) to represent climate water and heat conditions. The annual actual ET is estimated as the difference between P and runoff (ignoring the change of watershed water storage during each hydrological year, May to April of the following year). These concepts were introduced to discuss the dynamic characteristics of vegetation cover and its response to climate change. Results showed that the mean annual NDVI value was 0.51, showing a stable increasing trend from 2000 with an annual increasing rate of 8.7×10¯³. This result is consistent with the implementation of the project that converts farmland to forests and grassland and has achieved remarkable success in the Loess Plateau since 1999. It also indicates that the positive impact of human activity has been strengthened under the background of climate change. From 1982 to 2012, the annual actual ET was 464mm, accounting for 93.6% of annual P over the same period. The NDVI value of main growing season (5-9 months) is significantly correlated with annual P and annual humid index (ratio of annual P to annual potential ET). Vegetation water consumption is the main part of land surface ET, and the relationship between annual actual ET and NDVI value over the same period is also significant. The NDVI value, P and potential ET variation varied substantially within the Jinghe River watershed, and their relationships in different regions at an inter-annual scale are different. Currently, we are investigating the influence of the changes in interannual and seasonal water-heat conditions and their matching features on vegetation cover change and ET processes using the Budyko-Fu model, and further quantify the contributions of climate change and human activities individually, providing scientific basis for ecological construction.

Multisite evaluation of APEX for water quality: II. Regional parameterization

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Phosphorus (P) index assessment requires independent estimates of long-term average annual P loss from multiple locations, management practices, soils, and landscape positions. Because currently available measured data are insufficient, calibrated and validated process-based models have been propos...

Scientists Weight Facts, Theories on Aging

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chemical and Engineering News, 1974

1974-01-01

Discusses some of the current theories on aging, such as biological time clocks for certain cells and on-off switches for genes, that were offered as explanations at the 140th annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (JR)

Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (Heast)

EPA Science Inventory

The Annual Health Effects Summary Tables (HEAST) are for use at both Superfund and RCRA sites. It is most recently maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) and provides the most current comprehensive listing of provisional risk...

Micro-Deval coarse aggregate test evaluation : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-05-01

Studded tire use in Oregon results in millions of dollars of pavement damage annually. Accurate tests are needed to qualify durable aggregate for pavements to resist studded tire damage. ODOT currently uses the Los Angeles abrasion test as one of the...

Federal Initiative: Tick-Borne Disease Integrated Pest Management White Paper

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The numbers of human cases of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases (TBDs) reported each year to CDC have been increasing steadily in the United States (US), currently totaling tens of thousands of diagnosed human cases annually.

Byproducts to New Products

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Alaska fisheries industry harvests over 2 million metric tons of wild fish annually, and after processing, over 1 million metric tons of fish byproducts are produced. This presentation will discuss current utilization of products made from fish byproducts in Alaska, and opportunities for enhanci...

Bibliographic Guide to Mexican Federal Government Documents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simoneau, Karin

This bibliographic guide covers federal-level documents from the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Mexican government. It includes bibliographies and catalogs, organization directories, serials and series currently published by government institutions, censuses, annual reports, congressional records, legal materials, and…

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2017

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

This report, published annually, summarizes the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discusses the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. The report provides a summary of ...

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2016

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

This report, published annually, summarizes the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discusses the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. The report provides a summary of ...

Yaquina Bay, Oregon, Intertidal Sediment Temperature Database, 1998 - 2006.

EPA Science Inventory

Detailed, long term sediment temperature records were obtained and compiled in a database to determine the influence of daily, monthly, seasonal and annual temperature variation on eelgrass distribution across the intertidal habitat in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Both currently and hi...

Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement. Volume 35

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sears, Derek W. G. (Editor); Binzel, Richard P. (Editor); Gaffey, Michael J. (Editor); Kraehenbuehl, Urs (Editor); Pieters, Carle M. (Editor); Shaw, Denis (Editor); Wieler, Rainer (Editor); Brownlee, Donald E. (Editor); Goldstein, Joseph I. (Editor); Lyon, Ian C. (Editor)

2000-01-01

This special supplement of the Meteoritics and Planetary Science Society Journal contains the abstracts of 324 technical presentations, and the presentations of awards during the Annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society. The abstracts review current research on meteors and planetary sciences.

COST MODELS FOR WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

EPA Science Inventory

A major challenge for society in the twenty-first century will be replacement, design and optimal management of urban infrastructure. It is estimated that the current world wide demand for infrastructure investment is approximately three trillion dollars annually. A Drinking Wate...

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets : Current Status 2015

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

This report, published annually, summarizes the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discusses the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. The report provides a summary of ...

Current knowledge on the melatonin system in teleost fish.

PubMed

Falcón, J; Migaud, H; Muñoz-Cueto, J A; Carrillo, M

2010-02-01

Melatonin is a much conserved feature in vertebrates that plays a central role in the entrainment of daily and annual physiological rhythms. Investigations aiming at understanding how melatonin mediates the effects of photoperiod on crucial functions and behaviors have been very active in the last decades, particularly in mammals. In fish a clear-cut picture is still missing. Here we review the available data on (i) the sites of melatonin production in fish, (ii) the mechanisms that control its daily and annual rhythms of production and (iii) the characterization of its different receptor subtypes, their location and regulation. The in vivo and in vitro data on melatonin effects on crucial neuroendocrine regulations, including reproduction, growth, feeding and behavioral responses, are also reviewed. Finally we discuss how manipulation of the photic cues impact on fish circannual clock and annual cycle of reproduction, and how this can be used for aquaculture purposes. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Extended rotations and culmination age of coast douglas-fir: Old studies speak to current issues. Forest Service research paper

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtis, R.O.

1995-11-01

Trends of mean annual increment and periodic annual increment were examined in 17 long-term thinning studies in Douglas-fir (Pseuditsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in western Washington, western Oregon, and British Columbia. Problems in evaluating growth trends and culmination ages are discussed. None of the stands had clearly reached culmination of mean annual increment, although some seemed close. The observed trends seem generally consistent with some other recent comparisons. These comparisons indicate that rotations can be considerably extended without reducing long-term timber production; value production probably would increase. A major problem in such a strategy is design of thinning regimesmore » that can maintain a reasonable level of timber flow during the transition period while producing stand conditions compatible with other management objectives. The continuing value of long-term permanent plot studies is emphasized.« less

The Health Assessment Longitudinal File imperative: foundation for improving the health of the force.

PubMed

Kemper, Judith A; Donahue, Donald A; Harris, Judith S

2003-08-01

A smaller active duty force and an increased operational tempo have made the Reserve components (RC) essential elements in the accomplishment of the mission of the U.S. Army. One critical factor in meeting mission is maintaining the optimal health of each soldier. Baseline health data about the RC is currently not being collected, even though increasing numbers of reserve soldiers are being activated. The Annual Health Certification and Survey is being developed as a way to meet the RCs' statutory requirement for annual certification of health while at the same time generating and tracking baseline data on each reservist in a longitudinal health file, the Health Assessment Longitudinal File. This article discusses the Annual Health Certification Questionnaire/Health Assessment Longitudinal File, which will greatly enhance the Army's ability to accurately certify the health status of the RC and track health in relation to training, mission activities, and deployment.

Water Science and Technology Board Annual Report 2001-2002

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

2002-10-01

This annual report marks the twentieth anniversary of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) (1982-2002). The WSTB oversees studies of water issues. The principal products of studies are written reports. These reports cover a wide range of water resources issues of national concern. The following three recently issued reports illustrate the scope of the WSTB's studies: Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-first Century. The Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery, and Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management. The WSTB generally meets three times each year where discussions are held on ongoingmore » projects, strategic planning, and developing new initiatives. The meetings also foster communication within the water resources community. The annual report includes a discussion on current studies, completed studies 2001-2002, and future plans, as well as a listing of published reports (1983-2002).« less

Annual variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings at Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) study sites

USGS Publications Warehouse

Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul; Goldberg, Diana R.; Franson, J. Christian

2018-01-01

Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings were collected from 16 sites across the Great Lakes to quantify normal annual variation in total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and to validate the sample size choice in earlier work. A sample size of five eggs or five nestlings per site was adequate to quantify exposure to PCBs in tree swallows given the current exposure levels and variation. There was no difference in PCB exposure in two randomly selected sets of five eggs collected in the same year, but analyzed in different years. Additionally, there was only modest annual variation in exposure, with between 69% (nestlings) and 73% (eggs) of sites having no differences between years. There was a tendency, both statistically and qualitatively, for there to be less exposure in the second year compared to the first year.

Eliminating large-scale magnetospheric current perturbations from long-term geomagnetic observatory data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pick, L.; Korte, M. C.

2016-12-01

Magnetospheric currents generate the largest external contribution to the geomagnetic field observed on Earth. Of particular importance is the solar-driven effect of the ring current whose fluctuations overlap with internal field secular variation (SV). Recent core field models thus co-estimate this effect but their validity is limited to the last 15 years offering satellite data. We aim at eliminating magnetospheric modulation from the whole geomagnetic observatory record from 1840 onwards in order to obtain clean long-term SV that will enhance core flow and geodynamo studies.The ring current effect takes form of a southward directed external dipole field aligned with the geomagnetic main field axis. Commonly the Dst index (Sugiura, 1964) is used to parametrize temporal variations of this dipole term. Because of baseline instabilities, the alternative RC index was derived from hourly means of 21 stations spanning 1997-2013 (Olsen et al., 2014). We follow their methodology based on annual means from a reduced station set spanning 1960-2010. The absolute level of the variation so determined is "hidden" in the static lithospheric offsets taken as quiet-time means. We tackle this issue by subtracting crustal biases independently calculated for each observatory from an inversion of combined Swarm satellite and observatory data.Our index reproduces the original annual RC index variability with a reasonable offset of -10 nT in the reference time window 2000-2010. Prior to that it depicts a long-term trend consistent with the external dipole term from COV-OBS (Gillet et al., 2013), being the only long-term field model available for comparison. Sharper variations that are better correlated with the Ap index than the COV-OBS solution lend support to the usefulness of our initial modeling approach. Following a detailed sensitivity study of station choice future work will focus on increasing the resolution from annual to hourly means.

Impact of an annual retreat on process improvement in a respiratory therapy section.

PubMed

Roberts, Vincent T; Kester, Lucy; Stoller, James K

2005-12-01

In order to fulfill the mission of providing superb respiratory care, managing respiratory care services requires communication and collaboration. To enhance communication and collaboration in our Section of Respiratory Therapy at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and to generate ideas for improvement, since 1996 we have conducted annual retreats for the Section, during which important challenges and opportunities are discussed in a large-group forum. The current report describes the retreat process and outcomes, namely the ideas generated during these retreats and the frequency with which ideas were implemented successfully. The annual retreat brings together all clinical specialists, supervisors, and managers in the Section of Respiratory Therapy, along with the medical director of Respiratory Therapy and representatives of the staff from each shift. In advance of the annual half-day retreat, supervisors and clinical specialists are asked to write a brief description of things that need improvement and actionable proposed solutions to these challenges. These documents are reviewed by the supervisors, managers, education coordinator, and medical director, and a list of discussion topics for the retreat is formulated. The retreat day begins with a brief introduction and summary of the year's activities and then encourages open-ended discussions regarding the various topics, with the explicit, repeated goal of generating solutions. Minutes are kept to identify specific action items, a list of which is visited repeatedly throughout the year, to assess progress toward successful completion of each action item. In the current analysis, the primary outcome measures are the number of ideas generated as action items during the retreats and the frequency with which these ideas have been implemented. Over the 8 years of annual retreats, 103 action items have been generated, of which 84% (n = 87) have been successfully implemented or completed. As evidence of the importance of this group-based activity, we cite several examples of suggestions and action items that were felt to uniquely represent group process and wisdom and which were not proposed beforehand by individuals. On the basis of this experience, we recommend conducting annual respiratory therapy department retreats. We believe the benefits include collective problem-solving in a public forum to identify solutions not advanced by individuals. Also, we believe that the direct communication in such retreats contributes to enhanced morale, further evidence of which is the very low turnover rate among our respiratory therapists during the 8 years in which we have conducted annual retreats.

A mechanistic diagnosis of the simulation of soil CO2 efflux of the ACME Land Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, J.; Ricciuto, D. M.; Wang, G.; Gu, L.; Hanson, P. J.; Mayes, M. A.

2017-12-01

Accurate simulation of the CO2 efflux from soils (i.e., soil respiration) to the atmosphere is critical to project global biogeochemical cycles and the magnitude of climate change in Earth system models (ESMs). Currently, the simulated soil respiration by ESMs still have a large uncertainty. In this study, a mechanistic diagnosis of soil respiration in the Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME) Land Model (ALM) was conducted using long-term observations at the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) forest site in the central U.S. The results showed that the ALM default run significantly underestimated annual soil respiration and gross primary production (GPP), while incorrectly estimating soil water potential. Improved simulations of soil water potential with site-specific data significantly improved the modeled annual soil respiration, primarily because annual GPP was simultaneously improved. Therefore, accurate simulations of soil water potential must be carefully calibrated in ESMs. Despite improved annual soil respiration, the ALM continued to underestimate soil respiration during peak growing seasons, and to overestimate soil respiration during non-peak growing seasons. Simulations involving increased GPP during peak growing seasons increased soil respiration, while neither improved plant phenology nor increased temperature sensitivity affected the simulation of soil respiration during non-peak growing seasons. One potential reason for the overestimation of the soil respiration during non-peak growing seasons may be that the current model structure is substrate-limited, while microbial dormancy under stress may cause the system to become decomposer-limited. Further studies with more microbial data are required to provide adequate representation of soil respiration and to understand the underlying reasons for inaccurate model simulations.

Field-quantified responses of tropical rainforest aboveground productivity to increasing CO2 and climatic stress, 1997-2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Deborah A.; Clark, David B.; Oberbauer, Steven F.

2013-06-01

A directional change in tropical-forest productivity, a large component in the global carbon budget, would affect the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]). One current hypothesis is that "CO2 fertilization" has been increasing tropical forest productivity. Some lines of evidence instead suggest climate-driven productivity declines. Relevant direct field observations remain extremely limited for this biome. Using a unique long-term record of annual field measurements, we assessed annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its relation to climatic factors and [CO2] in a neotropical rainforest through 1997-2009. Over this 12 year period, annual productivity did not increase, as would be expected with a dominant CO2 fertilization effect. Instead, the negative responses of ANPP components to climatic stress far exceeded the small positive responses associated with increasing [CO2]. Annual aboveground biomass production was well explained (73%) by the independent negative effects of increasing minimum temperatures and greater dry-season water stress. The long-term records enable a first field-based estimate of the [CO2] response of tropical forest ANPP: 5.24 g m-2 yr-1 yr-1 (the summed [CO2]-associated increases in two of the four production components; the largest component, leaf litterfall, showed no [CO2] association). If confirmed by longer data series, such a small response from a fertile tropical rainforest would indicate that current global models overestimate the benefits from CO2 fertilization for this biome, where most forests' poorer nutrient status more strongly constrains productivity responses to increasing [CO2]. Given the rapidly intensifying warming across tropical regions, tropical forest productivity could sharply decline through coming decades.

Decadal-period external magnetic field variations resolved with eigenanalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shore, Robert; Whaler, Kathryn; Macmillan, Susan; Beggan, Ciarán; Velímský, Jakub; Olsen, Nils

2017-04-01

Variations in the magnetic field at and above the Earth's surface permeate the interior of our planet, and can be used to determine the electrical conductivity of the mantle. Presently, the annual and semi-annual period fields induced by magnetospheric and ionospheric currents, suitable to estimate mantle conductivity in the approximate depth range 1,200-2,000 km, are subject to large uncertainty since they overlap with the periods on which the core field also changes significantly. It is timely to obtain an improved determination of the spatial geometry of the external, inducing, fields in order to better separate their internal, induced, part from that generated in the core. We apply the method of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) to a dataset of ground-based magnetic observatory hourly means in order to decompose the external magnetic field during quiet times over a full 11-year solar cycle into its modes of maximum variance. This allows us to assess the spatial structures and magnitude changes of its dominant spatio-temporal patterns. Specifically, our focus is on isolating the long period external inducing fields as they penetrate to the depths of the mantle where the conductivity is least constrained. We expand ground-based measurements in the inertial local-time frame to produce spherical harmonic models of the dominant long period signals isolated by the EOF method. Whilst the ring current dominates the decomposition, we show that an annual and a semi-annual oscillation are important in describing the full inducing field. Each of these terms exhibits a modulation from the 11-year solar cycle. In summary, the most important harmonic in the description of the inducing fields is P10, followed by P21. There are lesser but still significant contributions from the P11 and P20 harmonics.

The Icy Cold Heart of Pluto

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamilton, Douglas P.

2015-11-01

The locations of large deposits of frozen volatiles on planetary surfaces are largely coincident with areas receiving the minimum annual influx of solar energy; familiar examples include the polar caps of Earth and Mars. For planets tilted by more than 45 degrees, however, the poles actually receive more energy than some other latitudes. Pluto, with its current obliquity of 119 degrees, has minima in its average annual insolation at +/- 27 degrees latitude, with ~1.5% more energy flux going to the equator and ~15% more to the poles. Remarkably, the fraction of annual solar energy incident on different latitudes depends only on the obliquity of the planet and not on any of its orbital parameters.Over millions of years, Pluto's obliquity varies sinusoidally from 102-126 degrees, significantly affecting the latitudinal profile of solar energy deposition. Roughly 1Myr ago, the poles received 15% more energy that today while the equator received 13% less. The energy flux to latitudes between 25-35 degrees is far more stable, remaining low over the presumably billions of years since Pluto acquired its current spin properties. Like the poles at Earth, these mid latitudes on Pluto should be favored for the long-term deposition of volatile ices. This is, indeed, the location of the bright icy heart of Pluto, Sputnik Planum.Reflected light and emitted thermal radiation from Charon increases annual insolation to one side of Pluto by of order 0.02%. Although small, the bulk of the energy is delivered at night to Pluto's cold equatorial regions. Furthermore, Charon's thermal infrared radiation is easily absorbed by icy deposits on Pluto, slowing deposition and facilitating sublimation of volatiles. We argue that the slight but persistent preference for ices to form and survive in the anti-Charon Pluto's heart.

Diagnostic and model dependent uncertainty of simulated Tibetan permafrost area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, W.; Rinke, A.; Moore, J. C.; Cui, X.; Ji, D.; Li, Q.; Zhang, N.; Wang, C.; Zhang, S.; Lawrence, D. M.; McGuire, A. D.; Zhang, W.; Delire, C.; Koven, C.; Saito, K.; MacDougall, A.; Burke, E.; Decharme, B.

2015-03-01

We perform a land surface model intercomparison to investigate how the simulation of permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) varies between 6 modern stand-alone land surface models (CLM4.5, CoLM, ISBA, JULES, LPJ-GUESS, UVic). We also examine the variability in simulated permafrost area and distribution introduced by 5 different methods of diagnosing permafrost (from modeled monthly ground temperature, mean annual ground and air temperatures, air and surface frost indexes). There is good agreement (99-135 x 104 km2) between the two diagnostic methods based on air temperature which are also consistent with the best current observation-based estimate of actual permafrost area (101 x 104 km2). However the uncertainty (1-128 x 104 km2) using the three methods that require simulation of ground temperature is much greater. Moreover simulated permafrost distribution on TP is generally only fair to poor for these three methods (diagnosis of permafrost from monthly, and mean annual ground temperature, and surface frost index), while permafrost distribution using air temperature based methods is generally good. Model evaluation at field sites highlights specific problems in process simulations likely related to soil texture specification and snow cover. Models are particularly poor at simulating permafrost distribution using definition that soil temperature remains at or below 0°C for 24 consecutive months, which requires reliable simulation of both mean annual ground temperatures and seasonal cycle, and hence is relatively demanding. Although models can produce better permafrost maps using mean annual ground temperature and surface frost index, analysis of simulated soil temperature profiles reveals substantial biases. The current generation of land surface models need to reduce biases in simulated soil temperature profiles before reliable contemporary permafrost maps and predictions of changes in permafrost distribution can be made for the Tibetan Plateau.

Contrasting effects of tropical cyclones on the annual survival of a pelagic seabird in the Indian Ocean.

PubMed

Nicoll, Malcolm A C; Nevoux, Marie; Jones, Carl G; Ratcliffe, Norman; Ruhomaun, Kevin; Tatayah, Vikash; Norris, Ken

2017-02-01

Tropical cyclones are renowned for their destructive nature and are an important feature of marine and coastal tropical ecosystems. Over the last 40 years, their intensity, frequency and tracks have changed, partly in response to ocean warming, and future predictions indicate that these trends are likely to continue with potential consequences for human populations and coastal ecosystems. However, our understanding of how tropical cyclones currently affect marine biodiversity, and pelagic species in particular, is limited. For seabirds, the impacts of cyclones are known to be detrimental at breeding colonies, but impacts on the annual survival of pelagic adults and juveniles remain largely unexplored and no study has simultaneously explored the direct impacts of cyclones on different life-history stages across the annual life cycle. We used a 20-year data set on tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean, tracking data from 122 Round Island petrels and long-term capture-mark-recapture data to explore the impacts of tropical cyclones on the survival of adult and juvenile (first year) petrels during both the breeding and migration periods. The tracking data showed that juvenile and adult Round Island petrels utilize the three cyclone regions of the Indian Ocean and were potentially exposed to cyclones for a substantial part of their annual cycle. However, only juvenile petrel survival was affected by cyclone activity; negatively by a strong cyclone in the vicinity of the breeding colony and positively by increasing cyclone activity in the Northern Indian Ocean where they spend the majority of their first year at sea. These contrasting effects raise the intriguing prospect that the projected changes in cyclones under current climate change scenarios may have positive as well as the more commonly perceived negative impacts on marine biodiversity. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Updating estimates of low streamflow statistics to account for possible trends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blum, A. G.; Archfield, S. A.; Hirsch, R. M.; Vogel, R. M.; Kiang, J. E.; Dudley, R. W.

2017-12-01

Given evidence of both increasing and decreasing trends in low flows in many streams, methods are needed to update estimators of low flow statistics used in water resources management. One such metric is the 10-year annual low-flow statistic (7Q10) calculated as the annual minimum seven-day streamflow which is exceeded in nine out of ten years on average. Historical streamflow records may not be representative of current conditions at a site if environmental conditions are changing. We present a new approach to frequency estimation under nonstationary conditions that applies a stationary nonparametric quantile estimator to a subset of the annual minimum flow record. Monte Carlo simulation experiments were used to evaluate this approach across a range of trend and no trend scenarios. Relative to the standard practice of using the entire available streamflow record, use of a nonparametric quantile estimator combined with selection of the most recent 30 or 50 years for 7Q10 estimation were found to improve accuracy and reduce bias. Benefits of data subset selection approaches were greater for higher magnitude trends annual minimum flow records with lower coefficients of variation. A nonparametric trend test approach for subset selection did not significantly improve upon always selecting the last 30 years of record. At 174 stream gages in the Chesapeake Bay region, 7Q10 estimators based on the most recent 30 years of flow record were compared to estimators based on the entire period of record. Given the availability of long records of low streamflow, using only a subset of the flow record ( 30 years) can be used to update 7Q10 estimators to better reflect current streamflow conditions.

Publications of the planetary biology program for 1976: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, F. D. (Compiler); Young, R. S. (Compiler)

1977-01-01

An annual listing of current publications resulting from research pursued under the auspices of NASA's Planetary Biology Program is presented. To stimulate the exchange of information and ideas among scientists working in the different areas of the program. To facilitate the exchange process. The author of each publication who is presently participating in the program is identified by asterisk. Current addresses for all principal investigators are given in the appendix.

Are equilibrium multichannel networks predictable? The case of the regulated Indus River, Pakistan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carling, P. A.; Trieu, H.; Hornby, D. D.; Huang, He Qing; Darby, S. E.; Sear, D. A.; Hutton, C.; Hill, C.; Ali, Z.; Ahmed, A.; Iqbal, I.; Hussain, Z.

2018-02-01

Arguably, the current planform behaviour of the Indus River is broadly predictable. Between Chashma and Taunsa, Pakistan, the Indus is a 264-km-long multiple-channel reach. Remote sensing imagery, encompassing major floods in 2007 and 2010, shows that the Indus has a minimum of two and a maximum of nine channels, with on average four active channels during the dry season and five during the annual monsoon. Thus, the network structure, if not detailed planform, remains stable even for the record 2010 flood (27,100 m3 s- 1; recurrence interval > 100 years). Bankline recession is negligible for discharges less than a peak annual discharge of 6000 m3 s- 1 ( 80% of mean annual flood). The Maximum Flow Efficiency (MFE) principle demonstrates that the channel network is insensitive to the monsoon floods, which typically peak at 13,200 m3 s- 1. Rather, the network is in near-equilibrium with the mean annual flood (7530 m3 s- 1). The MFE principle indicates that stable networks have three to four channels, thus the observed stability in the number of active channels accords with the presence of a near-equilibrium reach-scale channel network. Insensitivity to the annual hydrological cycle demonstrates that the timescale for network adjustment is much longer than the timescale of the monsoon hydrograph, with the annual excess water being stored on floodplains rather than being conveyed in an enlarged channel network. The analysis explains the lack of significant channel adjustment following the largest flood in 40 years and the extensive Indus flooding experienced on an annual basis, with its substantial impacts on the populace and agricultural production.

The cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species winners into losers.

PubMed

Grottoli, Andréa G; Warner, Mark E; Levas, Stephen J; Aschaffenburg, Matthew D; Schoepf, Verena; McGinley, Michael; Baumann, Justin; Matsui, Yohei

2014-12-01

Mass coral bleaching events caused by elevated seawater temperatures result in extensive coral loss throughout the tropics, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity. If bleaching becomes an annual event later in this century, more than 90% of coral reefs worldwide may be at risk of long-term degradation. While corals can recover from single isolated bleaching and can acclimate to recurring bleaching events that are separated by multiple years, it is currently unknown if and how they will survive and possibly acclimatize to annual coral bleaching. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that annual coral bleaching can dramatically alter thermal tolerance in Caribbean corals. We found that high coral energy reserves and changes in the dominant algal endosymbiont type (Symbiodinium spp.) facilitated rapid acclimation in Porites divaricata, whereas low energy reserves and a lack of algal phenotypic plasticity significantly increased susceptibility in Porites astreoides to bleaching the following year. Phenotypic plasticity in the dominant endosymbiont type of Orbicella faveolata did not prevent repeat bleaching, but may have facilitated rapid recovery. Thus, coral holobiont response to an isolated single bleaching event is not an accurate predictor of its response to bleaching the following year. Rather, the cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species 'winners' into 'losers', and can also facilitate acclimation and turn some coral species 'losers' into 'winners'. Overall, these findings indicate that cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching could result in some species becoming increasingly susceptible to bleaching and face a long-term decline, while phenotypically plastic coral species will acclimatize and persist. Thus, annual coral bleaching and recovery could contribute to the selective loss of coral diversity as well as the overall decline of coral reefs in the Caribbean. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Comparison of aerobic capacity in annually certified and uncertified volunteer firefighters.

PubMed

Hammer, Rodney L; Heath, Edward M

2013-05-01

The leading cause of mortality among firefighters has been cardiac arrest precipitated by stress and overexertion with volunteer firefighters having double the death rate from this cause compared with career firefighters. In an attempt to reduce on-duty sudden cardiac deaths, annual fitness testing, and certification, has been widely instigated in wildland firefighters, who have half the cardiac arrest death rate of structural firefighters. The hypothesis was that annual fitness testing would serve as motivation to produce higher cardiorespiratory fitness. This study compared predicted aerobic capacity in annually certified and uncertified volunteer firefighters. Each firefighter performed a submaximal treadmill test to predict V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Certified volunteer firefighters, who participated in annual fitness testing, had a predicted V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of 39.9 ± 8.4 ml·kg·min. Uncertified volunteer firefighters had a predicted V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of 37.8 ± 8.5 ml·kg·min. Annual fitness testing during the certification process did not contribute to statistically higher (F2,78 = 0.627, p = 0.431) V[Combining Dot Above]O2max levels in certified volunteer firefighters. Although there was no significant difference in predicted V[Combining Dot Above]O2max values for certified and uncertified volunteer firefighters, it was reported that 30% of volunteer firefighters had predicted aerobic capacities below the recommended minimum V[Combining Dot Above]O2max level of 33.5 ml·kg·min. Current annual fitness testing for volunteer firefighters does not seem to be effective. Thus, the study emphasizes the need of a higher priority for firefighter fitness programs to best ensure the safety of firefighters and the public.

Seasonality and growth patterns using isotope sclerochronology in shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten madisonius

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goewert, Ann E.; Surge, Donna

2008-10-01

Growth lines and variation in oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C) in shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten madisonius preserve seasonal chronologies of biological and environmental change. This study evaluated whether (1) prominent growth lines were formed annually, and (2) growth rates estimated using isotope sclerochronology were comparable to rates estimated using visual inspection (measuring the width between external growth lines). We compared both techniques for estimating growth rates and age on three late to mid-Pliocene C. madisonius shells. The first approach located prominent growth lines on the δ18O time series, and differentiated between annual and non-annual (disturbance) growth lines. The second approach assumed all prominent lines were annual. This comparison showed that visual inspection underestimated growth rates and overestimated age. Seasonal timing of annual growth line formation using isotope sclerochronology provided unexpected results. Because this region fell within the warm-temperate paleobiogeographic province, we predicted annual lines formed during summers (most negative δ18O values). Instead, annual growth lines coincided with the most positive δ18O values (winter), typical of bivalves from cold-temperate regions. Moreover, shells recorded seasonal temperatures ranging from 3.2-20.8°C, a range lower than the thermal regime defined for warm-temperate environments (8-25°C). Possibly, the Sea Slope Gyre, which mixed eddies and cold filaments of the Labrador Current and warm waters of the Gulf Stream, penetrated the warm-temperate environment in this region. Alternatively, warm-water fauna from the zoogeographic Carolinian subprovince migrated northward and endured by virtue of warm summer temperatures. Regardless of the explanation, our findings provide a glimpse of mid-latitude seasonal temperature range for a warm climate episode during the mid-Pliocene.

Response of the Surface Circulation of the Arabian Sea to Monsoonal Forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beal, L. M.; Hormann, V.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.

2014-12-01

We use two decades of drifter and satellite data to examine the monthly evolution of the surface circulation of the Arabian Sea, which reverses annually in response to the Indian monsoon winds. Most significantly, we find that in the transition from winter to summer circulations, northward flow appears along the length of the western boundary as early as March or April, one or two months before the onset of the southwest monsoon winds. This reversal is initiated by annual Rossby waves, which in turn are initiated by wind curl forcing during the previous southwest monsoon. These results lead us to speculate that there is an oceanic mechanism through which one monsoon may precondition the next. Previous studies of monsoon circulations with lower temporal resolution have highlighted basin-wide currents and connections that are not found to exist in the monthly fields. In particular, we find that the Northeast Monsoon Current does not reach the western boundary and there is no counter-rotating gyre system during boreal winter. South of the equator, the eastward-flowing South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) is present year-round, even though equatorial winds are strongly influenced by the monsoons. Semi-annual variability of the SECC is governed by Ekman pumping over the south equatorial gyre (or Seychelles dome) and, surprisingly, it is weakest during the northeast monsoon. This region has important influence on the atmosphere and its link to the monsoons deserves further investigation. The East African Coastal Current feeds into the SECC from the boundary. During the southwest monsoon it overshoots the equator and splits, feeding both northward into the Somali Current and eastward into the SECC after looping back across the equator. This apparent retroflection of the EACC is what was previously known as the southern gyre and is obscured at the surface by strong, locally wind-driven, cross-equatorial Ekman transport. Finally, there is broad, strong eastward flow at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden throughout the southwest monsoon, which is influenced by the curvature and bifurcation of the atmospheric monsoon jet.

Recent trends in rainfall and temperature over North West India during 1871-2016

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, Rani; Mathur, Prasoon

2018-03-01

Rainfall and temperature are the most important environmental factors influencing crop growth, development, and yield. The northwestern (NW) part of India is one of the main regions of food grain production of the country. It comprises of six meteorological subdivisions (Haryana, Punjab, West Rajasthan, East Rajasthan, Gujarat and Saurashtra, Kutch and Diu). In this study, attempts were made to study variability and trends in rainfall and temperature during 30-year climate normal periods (CN) and 10-year decadal excess or deficit rainfall frequency during the historical period from 1871 to 2016. The Mann-Kendall and Spearman's rank correlation (Spearman's rho) tests were used to determine significance of trends. Least square linear fitting method was adopted to find out the slopes of the trend lines. The long-term mean annual rainfall over North West India is 587.7 mm (standard deviation of 153.0 mm and coefficient of variation 26.0). There was increasing trend in minimum and maximum temperatures during post monsoon season in entire study period and current climate normal period (1991-2016) due to which the sowing of rabi season crops may be delayed and there may be germination problem too. There was a non-significant decreasing trend in rainfall during monsoon season and an increasing trend in rainfall during post monsoon over North West India during entire study period. During current CN5 (1991-2016), all the subdivision (except the Saurashtra region) showed a decreasing trend in rainfall during monsoon season which is a matter of concern for kharif crops and those rabi crops which are grown as rainfed on conserved soil moisture. The decadal annual and seasonal frequencies of excess and deficit years results revealed that the annual total deficit rainfall years (24) exceeded total excess rainfall years (22) in North West India during the entire study period. While during the current decadal period (2011 to 2016), single year was the excess year and 2 years were deficit rainfall years in all subdivisions (except East Rajasthan) on annual basis.

Projecting the Long-Term Impact of School- or Community-Based Mass-Treatment Interventions for Control of Schistosoma Infection

PubMed Central

Wang, Xiaoxia; Gurarie, David; Mungai, Peter L.; Muchiri, Eric M.; Kitron, Uriel; King, Charles H.

2012-01-01

Background Schistosomiasis remains a significant health burden in many areas of the world. Morbidity control, focused on limiting infection intensity through periodic delivery of anti-schistosomal medicines, is the thrust of current World Health Organization guidelines (2006) for reduction of Schistosoma-related disease. A new appreciation of the lifetime impact of repeated Schistosoma infection has directed attention toward strategies for greater suppression of parasite infection per se, with the goal of transmission interruption. Variations in drug schedules involving increased population coverage and/or treatment frequency are now undergoing field trials. However, their relative effectiveness in long-term infection suppression is presently unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Our study used available field data to calibrate advanced network models of village-level Schistosoma transmission to project outcomes of six different community- or school age-based programs, as compared to the impact of current 2006 W.H.O. recommended control strategies. We then scored the number of years each of 10 typical villages would remain below 10% infection prevalence (a practicable level associated with minimal prevalence of disease). All strategies that included four annual treatments effectively reduced community prevalence to less than 10%, while programs having yearly gaps (‘holidays’) failed to reach this objective in half of the communities. Effective post-program suppression of infection prevalence persisted in half of the 10 villages for 7–10 years, whereas in five high-risk villages, program effects on prevalence lasted zero to four years only. Conclusions/Significance At typical levels of treatment adherence (60 to 70%), current WHO recommendations will likely not achieve effective suppression of Schistosoma prevalence unless implemented for ≥6 years. Following more aggressive 4 year annual intervention, some communities may be able to continue without further intervention for 8–10 years, while in higher-risk communities, annual treatment may prove necessary until eco-social factors fostering transmission are removed. Effective ongoing surveillance and locally targeted annual intervention must then become their mainstays of control. PMID:23166850

Propolis counteracts some threats to honey bee health

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations in North America and Europe are currently experiencing high and unsustainable annual losses. It is critically important to understand the impact of individual stressors and the interactions among stressors in order to develop solutions to increase colony health...

Assessing the motor carrier industry and its segments : current and prospective issues, 2006.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-01

This report updates the Motor Carrier Industry Profile: An Update 2004-2005 to reflect recent changes in the motor carrier industry. This document relies heavily on industry trade journals, company annual reports and other industry surveys as sources...

50 CFR 15.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS WILD BIRD... human activity, and that currently regularly inhabits or breeds in the 50 States or the District of Columbia. Life cycle means the annual processes involved with breeding, migration, and all other non...

77 FR 53890 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... currently approved collection; Title of Information Collection: The Fiscal Soundness Reporting Requirements... those programs maintain fiscally sound organizations. The revised fiscal soundness reporting form...); Frequency: Annually, Quarterly; Affected Public: Private Sector: Business or other for-profits and Not-for...

CCRC Currents. April 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slater, Doug, Ed.

2010-01-01

This annual newsletter contains updates on the latest Community College Research Center (CCRC) research, new publications and details of upcoming presentations at major conferences. The feature article in this issue, "The Growing Prominence of Community Colleges," by Thomas Bailey, discusses how today's community colleges are increasingly…

Rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Rain use efficiency (RUE), commonly described as the ratio of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to mean annual precipitation (MAP), is a critical indicator for predicting potential responses of grassland ecosystems to changing precipitation regimes. However, current understanding on patterns...

Annual Review of Sociology. Volume 9, 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Ralph H., Ed.; Short, James F., Jr., Ed.

Twenty-six essays describing current research in sociology are included in this publication. The essays fall into 10 categories: differentiation and stratification; political sociology; social processes; institutions; individual and society; formal organizations; urban sociology; theory and methods; sociology of world regions; and historical…

77 FR 64964 - Cheniere Marketing, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... displacement. CMI states that it currently is engaged in commercial discussions with CCL to obtain all the... $5.88 billion and $9.52 billion annually through the exportation of natural gas and the displacement...

The applicability of commercial glare test devices in the aeromedical certification of pilot applicants.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-08-01

In his FY 92/93 Annual Program Guidance and Current Policy Statement, the Federal Air Surgeon requested continued investigation of new testing modalities, such as glare vision testing, as to their relevance to medical certification. Glare sensitivity...

29 CFR 2520.103-6 - Definition of reportable transaction for Annual Return/Report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... plan assets. (2) During the plan year, AAA plan purchases a commercial lot from ZZZ corporation at a cost equal to 2 percent of the current value of the plan assets. Two months later, AAA plan loans ZZZ...

METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ALACHLOR ESA AND OTHER ACENTANILIDE HERBICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS

EPA Science Inventory

Introduction: Acetanilide herbicides are frequently applied in the U.S. on crops (corn, soybeans, popcorn, etc.) to control broadleaf and annual weeds. The acetanilide and acetamide herbicides currently registered for use in the U.S. are alachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor, propa...

Functional Group, Biomass, and Climate Change Effects on Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson, S. D.; Schlaepfer, D. R.; Bradford, J. B.; Lauenroth, W. K.; Duniway, M. C.; Hall, S. A.; Jamiyansharav, K.; Jia, G.; Lkhagva, A.; Munson, S. M.; Pyke, D. A.; Tietjen, B.

2018-03-01

Water relations in plant communities are influenced both by contrasting functional groups (grasses and shrubs) and by climate change via complex effects on interception, uptake, and transpiration. We modeled the effects of functional group replacement and biomass increase, both of which can be outcomes of invasion and vegetation management, and climate change on ecological drought (soil water potential below which photosynthesis stops) in 340 semiarid grassland sites over 30 year periods. Relative to control vegetation (climate and site-determined mixes of functional groups), the frequency and duration of drought were increased by shrubs and decreased by annual grasses. The rankings of shrubs, control vegetation, and annual grasses in terms of drought effects were generally consistent in current and future climates, suggesting that current differences among functional groups on drought effects predict future differences. Climate change accompanied by experimentally increased biomass (i.e., the effects of invasions that increase community biomass or management that increases productivity through fertilization or respite from grazing) increased drought frequency and duration and advanced drought onset. Our results suggest that the replacement of perennial temperate semiarid grasslands by shrubs, or increased biomass, can increase ecological drought in both current and future climates.

Functional group, biomass, and climate change effects on ecological drought in semiarid grasslands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Scott D.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Bradford, John B.; Lauenroth, William K.; Duniway, Michael C.; Hall, Sonia A.; Jamiyansharav, Khishigbayar; Jia, Gensuo; Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg; Munson, Seth M.; Pyke, David A.; Tietjen, Britta

2018-01-01

Water relations in plant communities are influenced both by contrasting functional groups (grasses, shrubs) and by climate change via complex effects on interception, uptake and transpiration. We modelled the effects of functional group replacement and biomass increase, both of which can be outcomes of invasion and vegetation management, and climate change on ecological drought (soil water potential below which photosynthesis stops) in 340 semiarid grassland sites over 30‐year periods. Relative to control vegetation (climate and site‐determined mixes of functional groups), the frequency and duration of drought were increased by shrubs and decreased by annual grasses. The rankings of shrubs, control vegetation, and annual grasses in terms of drought effects were generally consistent in current and future climates, suggesting that current differences among functional groups on drought effects predict future differences. Climate change accompanied by experimentally‐increased biomass (i.e. the effects of invasions that increase community biomass, or management that increases productivity through fertilization or respite from grazing) increased drought frequency and duration, and advanced drought onset. Our results suggest that the replacement of perennial temperate semiarid grasslands by shrubs, or increased biomass, can increase ecological drought both in current and future climates.

RNAi technologies in agricultural biotechnology: The Toxicology Forum 40th Annual Summer Meeting.

PubMed

Sherman, James H; Munyikwa, Tichafa; Chan, Stephen Y; Petrick, Jay S; Witwer, Kenneth W; Choudhuri, Supratim

2015-11-01

During the 40th Annual Meeting of The Toxicology Forum, the current and potential future science, regulations, and politics of agricultural biotechnology were presented and discussed. The meeting session described herein focused on the technology of RNA interference (RNAi) in agriculture. The general process by which RNAi works, currently registered RNAi-based plant traits, example RNAi-based traits in development, potential use of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) as topically applied pesticide active ingredients, research related to the safety of RNAi, biological barriers to ingested dsRNA, recent regulatory RNAi science reviews, and regulatory considerations related to the use of RNAi in agriculture were discussed. Participants generally agreed that the current regulatory framework is robust and appropriate for evaluating the safety of RNAi employed in agricultural biotechnology and were also supportive of the use of RNAi to develop improved crop traits. However, as with any emerging technology, the potential range of future products, potential future regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance of the technology will continue to evolve. As such, continuing dialogue was encouraged to promote education of consumers and science-based regulations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seasonal variability of the Canary Current: A numerical study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mason, Evan; Colas, Francois; Molemaker, Jeroen; Shchepetkin, Alexander F.; Troupin, Charles; McWilliams, James C.; Sangrã, Pablo

2011-06-01

A high-resolution numerical model study of the Canary Basin in the northeast subtropical Atlantic Ocean is presented. A long-term climatological solution from the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) reveals mesoscale variability associated with the Azores and Canary Current systems, the northwest African coastal upwelling, and the Canary Island archipelago. The primary result concerns the Canary Current (CanC) which, in the solution, transports ˜3 Sv southward in line with observations. The simulated CanC has a well-defined path with pronounced seasonal variability. This variability is shown to be mediated by the westward passage of two large annually excited counterrotating anomalous structures that originate at the African coast. The anomalies have a sea surface expression, permitting their validation using altimetry and travel at the phase speed of baroclinic planetary (Rossby) waves. The role of nearshore wind stress curl variability as a generating mechanism for the anomalies is confirmed through a sensitivity experiment forced by low-resolution winds. The resulting circulation is weak in comparison to the base run, but the propagating anomalies are still discernible, so we cannot discount a further role in their generation being played by annual reversals of the large-scale boundary flow that are known to occur along the African margin. An additional sensitivity experiment, where the Azores Current is removed by closing the Strait of Gibraltar presents the same anomalies and CanC behavior as the base run, suggesting that the CanC is rather insensitive to upstream variability from the Azores Current.

Earth's external magnetic fields at low orbital altitudes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klumpar, D. M.

1990-01-01

Under our Jun. 1987 proposal, Magnetic Signatures of Near-Earth Distributed Currents, we proposed to render operational a modeling procedure that had been previously developed to compute the magnetic effects of distributed currents flowing in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. After adaptation of the software to our computing environment we would apply the model to low altitude satellite orbits and would utilize the MAGSAT data suite to guide the analysis. During the first year, basic computer codes to run model systems of Birkeland and ionospheric currents and several graphical output routines were made operational on a VAX 780 in our research facility. Software performance was evaluated using an input matchstick ionospheric current array, field aligned currents were calculated and magnetic perturbations along hypothetical satellite orbits were calculated. The basic operation of the model was verified. Software routines to analyze and display MAGSAT satellite data in terms of deviations with respect to the earth's internal field were also made operational during the first year effort. The complete set of MAGSAT data to be used for evaluation of the models was received at the end of the first year. A detailed annual report in May 1989 described these first year activities completely. That first annual report is included by reference in this final report. This document summarizes our additional activities during the second year of effort and describes the modeling software, its operation, and includes as an attachment the deliverable computer software specified under the contract.

Inferring Source Regions and Supply Mechanisms of Iron in the Southern Ocean from Satellite Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graham, R. M.

2016-02-01

In many biogeochemical models a large shelf sediment iron flux is prescribed through the seafloor over all areas of bathymetry shallower than 1000 m. Here we infer the likely location of shelf sediment iron sources by identifying where mean annual satellite chlorophyll concentrations are enhanced over shallow bathymetry ( < 1000 m). We show that mean annual chlorophyll concentrations are not visibly enhanced over areas of shallow bathymetry located more than 500 km from a coastline. Chlorophyll concentrations > 2 mg m-3are only found within 50 km of a continental or island coastline. These results suggest that large sedimentary iron fluxes only exist on continental or island shelves. Large sedimentary iron fluxes are unlikely to be found on isolated seamounts and submerged plateaus. We further compare satellite chlorophyll concentrations to the position of ocean fronts to assess the relative role of horizontal advection and upwelling for supplying iron to the ocean surface. Sharp gradients in chlorophyll concentrations are observed across western boundary currents. Large chlorophyll blooms develop where western boundary currents detach from the continental shelves and turn eastwards into the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll concentrations are enhanced along contours of sea surface height extending off continental and island shelves. These observations support the hypothesis that bioavailable iron from continental shelves is entrained into western boundary currents and advected into the Sub-Antarctic Zone along the Dynamical Subtropical Front. Likewise, iron from island shelves is entrained into nearby fronts and advected downstream. Mean annual chlorophyll concentrations are very low in open ocean regions with large modelled upwelling velocities, where fronts cross over topographic ridges. These results suggests that open ocean upwelling is unlikely to deliver iron to the surface from deep sources such as hydrothermal vents.

Cost-effectiveness of digital mammography screening before the age of 50 in The Netherlands.

PubMed

Sankatsing, Valérie D V; Heijnsdijk, Eveline A M; van Luijt, Paula A; van Ravesteyn, Nicolien T; Fracheboud, Jacques; de Koning, Harry J

2015-10-15

In the Netherlands, routine mammography screening starts at age 50. This starting age may have to be reconsidered because of the increasing breast cancer incidence among women aged 40 to 49 and the recent implementation of digital mammography. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of digital mammography screening that starts between age 40 and 49, using a microsimulation model. Women were screened before age 50, in addition to the current programme (biennial 50-74). Screening strategies varied in starting age (between 40 and 50) and frequency (annual or biennial). The numbers of breast cancers diagnosed, life-years gained (LYG) and breast cancer deaths averted were predicted and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated to compare screening scenarios. Biennial screening from age 50 to 74 (current strategy) was estimated to gain 157 life years per 1,000 women with lifelong follow-up, compared to a situation without screening, and cost €3,376/LYG (3.5% discounted). Additional screening increased the number of LYG, compared to no screening, ranging from 168 to 242. The costs to generate one additional LYG (i.e., ICER), comparing a screening strategy to the less intensive alternative, were estimated at €5,329 (biennial 48-74 vs. current strategy), €7,628 (biennial 45-74 vs. biennial 48-74), €10,826 (biennial 40-74 vs. biennial 45-74) and €18,759 (annual 40-49 + biennial 50-74 vs. biennial 40-74). Other strategies (49 + biennial 50-74 and annual 45-49 + biennial 50-74) resulted in less favourable ICERs. These findings show that extending the Dutch screening programme by screening between age 40 and 49 is cost-effective, particularly for biennial strategies. © 2015 UICC.

Global evaluation of biofuel potential from microalgae

PubMed Central

Moody, Jeffrey W.; McGinty, Christopher M.; Quinn, Jason C.

2014-01-01

In the current literature, the life cycle, technoeconomic, and resource assessments of microalgae-based biofuel production systems have relied on growth models extrapolated from laboratory-scale data, leading to a large uncertainty in results. This type of simplistic growth modeling overestimates productivity potential and fails to incorporate biological effects, geographical location, or cultivation architecture. This study uses a large-scale, validated, outdoor photobioreactor microalgae growth model based on 21 reactor- and species-specific inputs to model the growth of Nannochloropsis. This model accurately accounts for biological effects such as nutrient uptake, respiration, and temperature and uses hourly historical meteorological data to determine the current global productivity potential. Global maps of the current near-term microalgae lipid and biomass productivity were generated based on the results of annual simulations at 4,388 global locations. Maximum annual average lipid yields between 24 and 27 m3·ha−1·y−1, corresponding to biomass yields of 13 to 15 g·m−2·d−1, are possible in Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and Saudi Arabia. The microalgae lipid productivity results of this study were integrated with geography-specific fuel consumption and land availability data to perform a scalability assessment. Results highlight the promising potential of microalgae-based biofuels compared with traditional terrestrial feedstocks. When water, nutrients, and CO2 are not limiting, many regions can potentially meet significant fractions of their transportation fuel requirements through microalgae production, without land resource restriction. Discussion focuses on sensitivity of monthly variability in lipid production compared with annual average yields, effects of temperature on productivity, and a comparison of results with previous published modeling assumptions. PMID:24912176

Simulation of Lake Victoria Circulation Patterns Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS).

PubMed

Nyamweya, Chrispine; Desjardins, Christopher; Sigurdsson, Sven; Tomasson, Tumi; Taabu-Munyaho, Anthony; Sitoki, Lewis; Stefansson, Gunnar

2016-01-01

Lake Victoria provides important ecosystem services including transport, water for domestic and industrial uses and fisheries to about 33 million inhabitants in three East African countries. The lake plays an important role in modulating regional climate. Its thermodynamics and hydrodynamics are also influenced by prevailing climatic and weather conditions on diel, seasonal and annual scales. However, information on water temperature and circulation in the lake is limited in space and time. We use a Regional Oceanographic Model System (ROMS) to simulate these processes from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2014. The model is based on real bathymetry, river runoff and atmospheric forcing data using the bulk flux algorithm. Simulations show that the water column exhibits annual cycles of thermo-stratification (September-May) and mixing (June-August). Surface water currents take different patterns ranging from a lake-wide northward flow to gyres that vary in size and number. An under flow exists that leads to the formation of upwelling and downwelling regions. Current velocities are highest at the center of the lake and on the western inshore waters indicating enhanced water circulation in those areas. However, there is little exchange of water between the major gulfs (especially Nyanza) and the open lake, a factor that could be responsible for the different water quality reported in those regions. Findings of the present study enhance understanding of the physical processes (temperature and currents) that have an effect on diel, seasonal, and annual variations in stratification, vertical mixing, inshore-offshore exchanges and fluxes of nutrients that ultimately influence the biotic distribution and trophic structure. For instance information on areas/timing of upwelling and vertical mixing obtained from this study will help predict locations/seasons of high primary production and ultimately fisheries productivity in Lake Victoria.

Malvinas Current Volume Transport at 41°S: A 24 Yearlong Time Series Consistent With Mooring Data From 3 Decades and Satellite Altimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Artana, Camila; Ferrari, Ramiro; Koenig, Zoé; Sennéchael, Nathalie; Saraceno, Martin; Piola, Alberto R.; Provost, Christine

2018-01-01

We combined altimetric data and the in situ data sets from three 10 years apart mooring deployments to compute a coherent and accurate volume transport time series of the Malvinas Current (MC) at 41°S. We used a method developed in Koenig et al. (2014) and explored three types of geostrophic shear to estimate the uncertainty derived from the lack of velocity data in the upper 300 m. The mean MC transport over 24 years in the upper 1,500 m is 37.1 ± 2.6 Sv and the standard deviation 6.6 ± 1 Sv. Since 1993, annual mean transports have varied from 32 to 41 Sv and the three in situ records corresponded to low annual mean transports. The MC transport time series is not stationary, its spectral content evolves with time showing significant energy at the 30-110 days, semiannual and annual period. The distribution of the MC volume transport anomalies is asymmetric, negatively skewed with larger negative anomalies than positive anomalies. Several transport maxima appear to result from cyclonic eddies that propagate northwestward following the 4,000-5,000 m isobaths and locally reinforce the circulation on the slope when they reach 41°S. During transport maxima, the northernmost extension of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) remains at its mean location (39.5°S). During minima, the SAF migrates southward of 41°S as positive anomalies shed by the Brazil Current overshoot moves westward onto the slope. Apart from continental trapped waves, changes in the MC volume transport at 41°S show no correlation with upstream conditions on the continental slope.

Differences in incidence of diabetic retinopathy between type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: a nine-year follow-up study.

PubMed

Romero-Aroca, Pedro; Navarro-Gil, Raul; Valls-Mateu, Aida; Sagarra-Alamo, Ramon; Moreno-Ribas, Antonio; Soler, Nuria

2017-10-01

To determine the incidence of any diabetic retinopathy (any-DR), sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and their risk factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) over a screening programme. Nine-year follow-up, prospective population-based study of 366 patients with T1DM and 15 030 with T2DM. Epidemiological risk factors were as follows: current age, age at DM diagnosis, sex, type of DM, duration of DM, arterial hypertension, levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ), triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Sum incidence of any-DR was 47.26% with annual incidence 15.16±2.19% in T1DM, and 26.49% with annual incidence 8.13% in T2DM. Sum incidence of STDR was 18.03% with annual incidence 5.77±1.21% in T1DM, and 7.59% with annual incidence 2.64±0.15% in T2DM. Sum incidence of DMO was 8.46% with annual incidence 2.68±038% in patients with T1DM and 6.36% with annual incidence 2.19±0.18% in T2DM. Cox's survival analysis showed that current age and age at diagnosis were risk factors at p<0.001, as high HbA1c levels at p<0.001, LDL cholesterol was significant at p<0.001, eGFR was significant at p<0.001 and UACR at p=0.017. The incidence of any-DR and STDR was higher in patients with T1DM than those with T2DM. Also, the 47.26% sum incidence of any-DR in patients with T1DM was higher than in a previous study (35.9%), which can be linked to poor metabolic control of DM. Our results suggest that physicians should be encouraged to pay greater attention to treatment protocols for T1DM in patients. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Hydrological changes impacts on annual runoff distribution in seasonally dry basins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viola, F.; Caracciolo, D.; Feng, X.

2017-12-01

Runoff is expected to be modified in the next future by climate change as well as by land use change. Given its importance for water supply and ecosystem functioning, it is therefore imperative to develop adaptation strategies and new policies for regional water resources management and planning. To do so, the identification and attribution of natural flow regime shifts as a result of climate and land use changes are of crucial importance. In this context, the Budyko's curve has begun to be widely adopted to separate the contributions of climate and land use changes to the variation of runoff over long-term periods by using the multi-year averages of hydrological variables. In this study, a framework based on Fu's equation is proposed and applied to separate the impacts of climate and land use changes on the future annual runoff distribution in seasonally dry basins, such as those in Mediterranean climates. In particular, this framework improves a recently developed method to obtain annual runoff probability density function (pdf) in seasonally dry basins from annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration statistics, and from knowledge of the Fu's equation parameter ω. The effect of climate change has been taken into account through the variation of the first order statistics of annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, consistent with general circulation models' outputs, while the Fu's equation parameter ω has been changed to represent land use change. The effects of the two factors of change (i.e., climate and land use) on the annual runoff pdf have been first independently and then jointly analyzed, by reconstructing the annual runoff pdfs for the current period and, based on likely scenarios, within the next 100 years. The results show that, for large basins, climate change is the dominant driver of the decline in annual runoff, while land use change is a secondary but important factor.

Soil resources influence vegetation and response to fire and fire-surrogate treatments in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rau, Benjamin M.; Chambers, Jeanne C.; Pyke, David A.; Roundy, Bruce A.; Schupp, Eugene W.; Doescher, Paul; Caldwell, Todd G.

2014-01-01

Current paradigm suggests that spatial and temporal competition for resources limit an exotic invader, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), which once established, alters fire regimes and can result in annual grass dominance in sagebrush steppe. Prescribed fire and fire surrogate treatments (mowing, tebuthiuron, and imazapic) are used to reduce woody fuels and increase resistance to exotic annuals, but may alter resource availability and inadvertently favor invasive species. We used four study sites within the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) to evaluate 1) how vegetation and soil resources were affected by treatment, and 2) how soil resources influenced native herbaceous perennial and exotic annual grass cover before and following treatment. Treatments increased resin exchangeable NH4+, NO3−, H2PO4−, and K+, with the largest increases caused by prescribed fire and prolonged by application of imazapic. Burning with imazapic application also increased the number of wet growing degree days. Tebuthiuron and imazapic reduced exotic annual grass cover, but imazapic also reduced herbaceous perennial cover when used with prescribed fire. Native perennial herbaceous species cover was higher where mean annual precipitation and soil water resources were relatively high. Exotic annual grass cover was higher where resin exchangeable H2PO4− was high and gaps between perennial plants were large. Prescribed fire, mowing, and tebuthiuron were successful at increasing perennial herbaceous cover, but the results were often ephemeral and inconsistent among sites. Locations with sandy soil, low mean annual precipitation, or low soil water holding capacity were more likely to experience increased exotic annual grass cover after treatment, and treatments that result in slow release of resources are needed on these sites. This is one of few studies that correlate abiotic variables to native and exotic species cover across a broad geographic setting, and that demonstrates how soil resources potentially influence the outcome of management treatments.

A 150 year record of annual Bristlecone Pine 14C from the second millennium BC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pearson, Charlotte; Salzer, Matthew; Brewer, Peter; Hodgins, Gregory; Jull, A. J. Timothy; Lange, Todd; Cruz, Richard; Brown, David; Boswijk, Gretel

2017-04-01

The Interdisciplinary Chronology of Civilizations Project (ICCP) at the University of Arizona (UA) aims to resolve longstanding chronological issues for Aegean and Near Eastern archaeology. A central component of this work is the production of annual resolution sequences of 14C from securely anchored tree-ring chronologies. Contemporary growth rings from Northern and Southern Hemisphere locations will be tested against a dataset of consecutive annual resolution 14C measurements from tree-rings of securely dated North American bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey). These data will be used in a number of ways: to investigate potential issues with the current IntCal dataset due to interpolation, smoothing, or the inclusion of annual scale rapid changes in 14C; to identify 14C off-sets; to evaluate whether annual determinations of 14C present sufficient advantages for dating to justify the substantial costs involved in creating an annual resolution calibration curve; to explore whether the degree of reproducibility between species and growth locations justifies the construction of regional curves or allows us to pioneer 'annual resolution wigglematching' to anchor substantial floating tree-ring chronologies from Mediterranean archaeological contexts, and; if new rapid changes in 14C (aka 'spikes') are discovered, to use these to achieve this same goal. The initial focus of the project is the first and second millennium BC. From this period we present 150 annual 14C determinations from bristlecone pine and explore preliminary findings based on comparisons with the existing IntCal dataset, decadal data from the Mediterranean, and some contemporary years from Irish Oak (Quercus spp.) and New Zealand Kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.). This work, in combination with results from another UA project team (see abstract by Jull et al.) helps confirm the potential of the bristlecone pine archive for high resolution radiocarbon research.

The effects of sample scheduling and sample numbers on estimates of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment in fluvial systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Horowitz, Arthur J.; Clarke, Robin T.; Merten, Gustavo Henrique

2015-01-01

Since the 1970s, there has been both continuing and growing interest in developing accurate estimates of the annual fluvial transport (fluxes and loads) of suspended sediment and sediment-associated chemical constituents. This study provides an evaluation of the effects of manual sample numbers (from 4 to 12 year−1) and sample scheduling (random-based, calendar-based and hydrology-based) on the precision, bias and accuracy of annual suspended sediment flux estimates. The evaluation is based on data from selected US Geological Survey daily suspended sediment stations in the USA and covers basins ranging in area from just over 900 km2 to nearly 2 million km2 and annual suspended sediment fluxes ranging from about 4 Kt year−1 to about 200 Mt year−1. The results appear to indicate that there is a scale effect for random-based and calendar-based sampling schemes, with larger sample numbers required as basin size decreases. All the sampling schemes evaluated display some level of positive (overestimates) or negative (underestimates) bias. The study further indicates that hydrology-based sampling schemes are likely to generate the most accurate annual suspended sediment flux estimates with the fewest number of samples, regardless of basin size. This type of scheme seems most appropriate when the determination of suspended sediment concentrations, sediment-associated chemical concentrations, annual suspended sediment and annual suspended sediment-associated chemical fluxes only represent a few of the parameters of interest in multidisciplinary, multiparameter monitoring programmes. The results are just as applicable to the calibration of autosamplers/suspended sediment surrogates currently used to measure/estimate suspended sediment concentrations and ultimately, annual suspended sediment fluxes, because manual samples are required to adjust the sample data/measurements generated by these techniques so that they provide depth-integrated and cross-sectionally representative data. 

Optimal adaptation to extreme rainfalls in current and future climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosbjerg, Dan

2017-01-01

More intense and frequent rainfalls have increased the number of urban flooding events in recent years, prompting adaptation efforts. Economic optimization is considered an efficient tool to decide on the design level for adaptation. The costs associated with a flooding to the T-year level and the annual capital and operational costs of adapting to this level are described with log-linear relations. The total flooding costs are developed as the expected annual damage of flooding above the T-year level plus the annual capital and operational costs for ensuring no flooding below the T-year level. The value of the return period T that corresponds to the minimum of the sum of these costs will then be the optimal adaptation level. The change in climate, however, is expected to continue in the next century, which calls for expansion of the above model. The change can be expressed in terms of a climate factor (the ratio between the future and the current design level) which is assumed to increase in time. This implies increasing costs of flooding in the future for many places in the world. The optimal adaptation level is found for immediate as well as for delayed adaptation. In these cases, the optimum is determined by considering the net present value of the incurred costs during a sufficiently long time-span. Immediate as well as delayed adaptation is considered.

[Predictions of potential geographical distribution of Alhagi sparsifolia under climate change].

PubMed

Yang, Xia; Zheng, Jiang-Hua; Mu, Chen; Lin, Jun

2017-02-01

Specific information on geographic distribution of a species is important for its conservation. This study was conducted to determine the potential geographic distribution of Alhagi sparsifolia, which is a plant used in traditional Uighur medicine, and predict how climate change would affect its geographic range. The potential geographic distribution of A. sparsifolia under the current conditions in China was simulated with MaxEnt software based on species presence data at 42 locations and 19 climatic variables. The future distributions of A. sparsifolia were also projected in 2050 and 2070 under the climate change scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 described in 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).The result showed that mean temperature of the coldest quarter, annual mean temperature, precipitation of the coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and the temperature annual range were the seven climatic factors influencing the geographic distribution of A. sparsifolia under current climate, the suitable habitats are mainly located in the Xinjiang, in the middle and north of Gansu, in the west of Neimeng, in the north of Nei Monggol. From 2050 to 2070, the model simulations indicated that the suitable habitats of A. sparsifolia would decrease under the climate change scenarios of RCP2.6 and scenarios of RCP8.5 on the whole. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Regional patterns of the change in annual-mean tropical rainfall under global warming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, P.

2013-12-01

Projection of the change in tropical rainfall under global warming is a major challenge with great societal implications. The current study analyzes the 18 models from the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project, and investigates the regional pattern of annual-mean rainfall change under global warming. With surface warming, the climatological ascending pumps up increased surface moisture and leads rainfall increase over the tropical convergence zone (wet-get-wetter effect), while the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) increase induces ascending flow and then increasing rainfall over the equatorial Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean where the local oceanic warming exceeds the tropical mean temperature increase (warmer-get-wetter effect). The background surface moisture and SST also can modify warmer-get-wetter effect: the former can influence the moisture change and contribute to the distribution of moist instability change, while the latter can suppress the role of instability change over the equatorial eastern Pacific due to the threshold effect of convection-SST relationship. The wet-get-wetter and modified warmer-get-wetter effects form a hook-like pattern of rainfall change over the tropical Pacific and an elliptic pattern over the northern Indian Ocean. The annual-mean rainfall pattern can be partly projected based on current rainfall climatology, while it also has great uncertainties due to the uncertain change in SST pattern.

Addressing the Challenge of Molecular Change: An Interim Report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levine, Raphael D.

2018-04-01

Invited by the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry to "contribute my autobiography," I present it here, as I understand the term. It is about my parents, my mentors, my coworkers, and my friends in learning and the scientific problems that we tried to address. Courtesy of the editorial assistance of Annual Reviews, some of the science is in the figure captions and sidebars. I am by no means done: I am currently trying to fuse the quantitative rigor of physical chemistry with systems biology while also dealing with a post-Born-Oppenheimer regime in electronic dynamics and am attempting to instruct molecules to perform advanced logic.

Enabling Telescopes of the Future: Long-Range Technology Investing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thronson, Harley

2004-01-01

The Office of Space Science at NASA Headquarters has a current staff of about 60 professionals (aka, scientists, engineers, budget analysts) and an annual budget of $2.5 B out of NASA s $15.0 B. About 35 missions or programs in various stages of development or operation are managed by OSS, notable among them are Hubble Space Telescope, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars 2001 Odyssey, Chandra X-ray Observatory, TRACE (solar observatory), Cassini (mission to Saturn), Galileo (mission at Jupiter), and Next Generation Space Telescope. OSS has an annual technology budget of several hundred million dollars. So, what is it that we are doing?

Addressing the Challenge of Molecular Change: An Interim Report.

PubMed

Levine, Raphael D

2018-04-20

Invited by the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry to "contribute my autobiography," I present it here, as I understand the term. It is about my parents, my mentors, my coworkers, and my friends in learning and the scientific problems that we tried to address. Courtesy of the editorial assistance of Annual Reviews, some of the science is in the figure captions and sidebars. I am by no means done: I am currently trying to fuse the quantitative rigor of physical chemistry with systems biology while also dealing with a post-Born-Oppenheimer regime in electronic dynamics and am attempting to instruct molecules to perform advanced logic.

Alan Stone and the ethics of forensic psychiatry: an overview.

PubMed

Miller, Glenn H

2008-01-01

In 1982, Alan Stone presented a keynote speech at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) on the ethics of forensic psychiatry. That speech was sharply critical of the prevailing ethics standards and led forensic psychiatrists to study his ideas carefully. A quarter-century later, he returned to the AAPL's Annual Meeting to present his current thinking. This overview outlines the development of Stone's thought over 25 years and the dialectic among Stone and three critics: Paul Appelbaum, Ezra Griffith, and Stephen Morse. Stone is now more optimistic about the possibility of developing an ethic for forensic psychiatry.

[A preliminary analysis of the high birth rate in India].

PubMed

Shao, N

1981-01-01

The author first provides some basic demographic data for India and points out that the current annual rate of population growth of 2.45 percent is slightly higher than the annual increase in food production. Problems in the areas of employment, education, housing, and transportation, as well as the general problem of poverty, are seen as a consequence of this imbalance. The lack of success of the national family planning program is attributed primarily to the failure to achieve a satisfactory rate of economic growth. Contributory factors include early marriage, the low status of women, the desire for large families, and administrative problems associated with the family planning program.

46 CFR 2.10-101 - Annual vessel inspection fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... inspections, damage surveys, repair and modification inspections, change in vessel service inspections, permit... of international certificates. (d) Entitlement to inspection services for the current year remains... MODUs 4,695 Semi-submersible MODUs 8,050 Nautical School Vessels: Length not greater than 100 feet 835...

Compensatory mitigation for streams under the Clean Water Act: reassessing science and redirecting policy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Considerable public funds are annually expended on stream restoration projects, but available science suggests that stream restoration as currently practiced is not effective in recovering ecosystem functional integrity. The physical scale of most stream restoration projects is insufficient because...