Sample records for anttila jyri hmlinen

  1. The Science of Climate Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oppenheimer, Michael; Anttila-Hughes, Jesse K.

    2016-01-01

    Michael Oppenheimer and Jesse Anttila-Hughes begin with a primer on how the greenhouse effect works, how we know that Earth is rapidly getting warmer, and how we know that the recent warming is caused by human activity. They explain the sources of scientific knowledge about climate change as well as the basis for the models scientists use to…

  2. Rise of planetary bodies.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Czechowski, Z.; Leliwa-Kopystyński, J.; Teisseyre, R.

    Contents: 1. On the probability of the formation of planetary systems. 2. Condensation triggered by supernova explosion and tidal capture theory. 3. Foundations of accretion theory. 4. The structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk. 5. Coagulation of orbiting bodies. 6. Collision phenomena related to planetology: accretion, fragmentation, cratering. 7. Dynamics of planetesimals: Introduction, Safronov's approach, elements of the kinetic theory of gases, Nakagawa's approach, approaches considering inelastic collisions and gravitational encounters of planetesimals, Hämeen-Anttila approach, planetesimals with different masses. 8. Growth of the planetary embryo: Basic equations, model of growth of planetary embryos. 9. Origin of the Moon and the satellites.

  3. Collisional evolution of rotating, non-identical particles. [in Saturn rings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Salo, H.

    1987-01-01

    Hameen-Anttila's (1984) theory of self-gravitating collisional particle disks is extended to include the effects of particle spin. Equations are derived for the coupled evolution of random velocities and spins, showing that friction and surface irregularity both reduce the local velocity dispersion and transfer significant amounts of random kinetic energy to rotational energy. Results for the equilibrium ratio of rotational energy to random kinetic energy are exact not only for identical nongravitating mass points, but also if finite size, self-gravitating forces, or size distribution are included. The model is applied to the dynamics of Saturn's rings, showing that the inclusion of rotation reduces the geometrical thickness of the layer of cm-sized particles to, at most, about one-half, with large particles being less affected.

  4. The GIS Database of floods in Northern Portugal, between 1865 and 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Santos, Monica; Bateira, Carlos; Hermenegildo, Carlos; Matos, Fátima

    2014-05-01

    Natural hazards, such as floods, cause considerable damage to the human life, material and functional damages every year. Thus, we created a GIS (Geographic Information System) database of floods recorded in the Northern Region of Portugal between 1865 and 2011. The research focused on the study of occurrences in newspapers of national and regional reference that caused some kind of damage. The results show that of the total of 1867 records in 147 years in analysis, 27% of occurrences have resulted in direct consequences on the population, i.e., killed, injured, missing, displaced or evacuated. These occurrences, 65% correspond to river flooding, 16% to flash floods and 18% to urban flooding. In period of analyses, there were 201 killed, 58 injured, 34 missing, 1813 evacuated, and 15924 displaced. By the natural breaks method of classification of data, we can divide the data series into 3 classes: until 1930, 1931-1971 and 1972-2011. Until 1930, the average number of occurrences per year is 5. Thereafter, until 1971, there was a significant increase for 24 occurrences per year. In the period 1972-2011, the average number of occurrences is 13.5 per year. The entire series, we highlight the years 1909, 1939, 1955 and 2001 with over 80 occurrences / year. We applied the Mann-Kendall (Kendall, 1976; Salmi, Määttä, Anttila, Ruoho-Airola, & Amnell, 2002) non-parametric test to detect long term trends in the occurrences. In order to estimate the magnitude of the trends, we used the algorithm that corresponds to an extension of the original test put forward by Theil (1950) and Sen (1968)(Sen, 1968). The results suggest a small upward trend, statistically significant, between 1865 and 2011, an increase of 0,066 occurrences per year. However, this general trend presents significant oscillations, when analysed over shorter periods of time. In terms of geographical distribution, the urban centres and the areas along major rivers concentrate most of the occurrences. The

  5. Impacts of light-absorbing impurities on snow and their quantification with bidirectional reflectance measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gritsevich, Maria; Peltoniemi, Jouni; Meinander, Outi; Dagsson-Waldhauserová, Pavla; Zubko, Nataliya; Hakala, Teemu; Virkkula, Aki; Svensson, Jonas; de Leeuw, Gerrit

    2017-04-01

    rate gets faster than the diffusion rate (under condition of warm outside temperatures), as it was observed at the end of the experiment reported here, dark material starts accumulating into the surface [5]. The BC deposited on snow at warm temperatures initiates rapid melting process and may cause dramatic changes on the snow surface. References 1 Peltoniemi J.I., Hakala T., Suomalainen J., Honkavaara E., Markelin L., Gritsevich M., Eskelinen J., Jaanson P., Ikonen E. (2014): Technical notes: A detailed study for the provision of measurement uncertainty and traceability for goniospectrometers. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer 146, 376-390, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.04.011 2 Zubko N., Gritsevich M., Zubko E., Hakala T., Peltoniemi J.I. (2016): Optical measurements of chemically heterogeneous particulate surfaces // Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 178, 422-431, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.12.010 3 Peltoniemi J.I., Gritsevich M., Hakala T., Dagsson-Waldhauserová P., Arnalds Ó., Anttila K., Hannula H.-R., Kivekäs N., Lihavainen H., Meinander O., Svensson J., Virkkula A., de Leeuw G. (2015): Soot on snow exper- iment: bidirectional reflectance factor measurements of contaminated snow // The Cryosphere, 9, 2323-2337, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2323-2015 4 Svensson J., Virkkula A., Meinander O., Kivekäs N., Hannula H.-R., Järvinen O., Peltoniemi J.I., Gritsevich M., Heikkilä A., Kontu A., Neitola K., Brus D., Dagsson-Waldhauserova P., Anttila K., Vehkamäki M., Hienola A., de Leeuw G. & Lihavainen H. (2016): Soot-doped natural snow and its albedo — results from field experiments. Boreal Environment Research, 21, 481-503, http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/preprints/Svensson1498.pdf 5 Meinander O., Kontu A., Virkkula A., Arola A., Backman L., Dagsson-Waldhauserová P., Järvinen O., Manninen T., Svensson J., de Leeuw G., and Leppäranta M. (2014): Brief communication: Light

  6. New particle formation events as a source for cloud condensation nuclei in an urban environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wonaschütz, Anna; Burkart, Julia; Wagner, Robert; Reischl, Georg; Steiner, Gerhard; Hitzenberger, Regina

    2014-05-01

    composition of particles < 100 nm, Atmos. Environ., 54, 583-591, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.063, 2012. Kerminen V.-M., Paramonov, M., Anttila, T., Riipinen, I., Fountoukis, C., Korhonen, H., Asmi, E., Laakso, L., Lihavainen, H., Swietlicki, E., Svenningsson, B., Asmi, A., Pandis, S. N., Kulmala, M., and Petäjä, T.: Cloud condensation nuclei production associated with atmospheric nucleation: a synthesis based on existing literature and new results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12037-12059, doi: 10.5194/acp-12-12037-2012, 2012. Levin, E. J. T., Prenni, A. J., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Sullivan, R. C., Atwood, S. A., Ortega, J., DeMott, P. J., and Smith, J. N.: An annual cycle of size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 06201, doi:10.1029/2011JD016854, 2012. Matsui, H., Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Takegawa, N., Wiedensohler, A., Fast, J. D., and Zaveri, R. A.: Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 19208, doi:10.1029/2011JD016025, 2011.

  7. Ozonolysis of a series of biogenic organic volatile compounds and secondary organic aerosol formation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bernard, François; Quilgars, Alain; Cazaunau, Mathieu; Grosselin, Benoît.; Daele, Véronique; Mellouki, Abdelwahid; Winterhalter, Richard; Moortgat, Geert K.

    2010-05-01

    obtained will be compared with those from the literature when available and discussed in terms of their atmospheric impact. Berndt, T., O. Böge and F. Stratmann (2003). Gas-phase ozonolysis of a-pinene: gaseous products and particle formation. Atmospheric Environment, 37: 3933-3945. Bonn, B. and G.K. Moortgat (2003). Sesquiterpene ozonolysis: Origin of atmospheric new particle formation from biogenic hydrocarbons. Journal of Geophysical Research, 30(11). Kavouras, I. and E.G. Stephanou (2002). Direct evidence of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation in forest atmosphere through heteromolecular nucleation. Environmental Science and Technology, 36: 5083-5091. Koch, S., R. Winterhalter, E. Uherek, A. Kolloff, P. Neeb and G.K. Moortagt (2000). Formation of new particles in the gas-phase ozonolysis of monoterpenes. Atmospheric Environment, 34: 4031-4042. Kulmala, M., V.-M. Kerminen, T. Anttila, A. Laaksonen and C.D. O'Dowd (2004b). Organic aerosol formation via sulphate cluster activation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(D04205): 1-7. Kulmala, M., H. Vehkamäki, T. Petäjä, M. Dal Maso, A. Lauri, V.-M. Kerminen, W. Birmili and P.H. McMurry (2004a). Formation and growth rates of ultra-fine atmospheric particles: a review of observations. Journal of Aerosol Science, 35: 143-176. Lee, S. and R.M. Kamens (2005). Particle nucleation from the reaction of a-pinene and O3. Atmospheric Environment, 39: 6822-6832.

  8. Reactor Dosimetry State of the Art 2008

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voorbraak, Wim; Debarberis, Luigi; D'Hondt, Pierre; Wagemans, Jan

    2009-08-01

    Oral session 1: Retrospective dosimetry. Retrospective dosimetry of VVER 440 reactor pressure vessel at the 3rd unit of Dukovany NPP / M. Marek ... [et al.]. Retrospective dosimetry study at the RPV of NPP Greifswald unit 1 / J. Konheiser ... [et al.]. Test of prototype detector for retrospective neutron dosimetry of reactor internals and vessel / K. Hayashi ... [et al.]. Neutron doses to the concrete vessel and tendons of a magnox reactor using retrospective dosimetry / D. A. Allen ... [et al.]. A retrospective dosimetry feasibility study for Atucha I / J. Wagemans ... [et al.]. Retrospective reactor dosimetry with zirconium alloy samples in a PWR / L. R. Greenwood and J. P. Foster -- Oral session 2: Experimental techniques. Characterizing the Time-dependent components of reactor n/y environments / P. J. Griffin, S. M. Luker and A. J. Suo-Anttila. Measurements of the recoil-ion response of silicon carbide detectors to fast neutrons / F. H. Ruddy, J. G. Seidel and F. Franceschini. Measurement of the neutron spectrum of the HB-4 cold source at the high flux isotope reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory / J. L. Robertson and E. B. Iverson. Feasibility of cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy for dose rate monitoring on nuclear reactor / H. Tomita ... [et al.]. Measuring transistor damage factors in a non-stable defect environment / D. B. King ... [et al.]. Neutron-detection based monitoring of void effects in boiling water reactors / J. Loberg ... [et al.] -- Poster session 1: Power reactor surveillance, retrospective dosimetry, benchmarks and inter-comparisons, adjustment methods, experimental techniques, transport calculations. Improved diagnostics for analysis of a reactor pulse radiation environment / S. M. Luker ... [et al.]. Simulation of the response of silicon carbide fast neutron detectors / F. Franceschini, F. H. Ruddy and B. Petrović. NSV A-3: a computer code for least-squares adjustment of neutron spectra and measured dosimeter responses / J. G