7 CFR 51.348 - One variety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.348...

7 CFR 51.319 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.319 Seriously deformed. “Seriously deformed” means that the...

7 CFR 33.2 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Person. 33.2 Section 33.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.2 Person. Person means an individual...

7 CFR 33.6 - Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Package. 33.6 Section 33.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.6 Package. Package means any container of...

7 CFR 33.4 - Carrier.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Carrier. 33.4 Section 33.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.4 Carrier. Carrier means any common or...

7 CFR 33.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Secretary. 33.3 Section 33.3 Agriculture Regulations... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.3 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the United States Department of...

7 CFR 33.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Secretary. 33.3 Section 33.3 Agriculture Regulations... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.3 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the United States Department of...

7 CFR 33.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Secretary. 33.3 Section 33.3 Agriculture Regulations... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.3 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the United States Department of...

7 CFR 33.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secretary. 33.3 Section 33.3 Agriculture Regulations... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.3 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the United States Department of...

7 CFR 33.3 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Secretary. 33.3 Section 33.3 Agriculture Regulations... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Definitions § 33.3 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the United States Department of...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 51.318 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.318 Serious damage. “Serious damage” means any specific... or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple... combination of lesser bruises which detract from the appearance or edible quality of the apple to an extent...

7 CFR 51.318 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.318 Serious damage. “Serious damage” means any specific... or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple... combination of lesser bruises which detract from the appearance or edible quality of the apple to an extent...

7 CFR 51.318 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.318 Serious damage. “Serious damage” means any specific... or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple... combination of lesser bruises which detract from the appearance or edible quality of the apple to an extent...

7 CFR 51.312 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.312 Mature. “Mature” means that the apples have reached the... apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness, depending upon the stage of the ripening process. The following terms are used for describing different stages of firmness of apples: (a...

7 CFR 51.312 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.312 Mature. “Mature” means that the apples have reached the... apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness, depending upon the stage of the ripening process. The following terms are used for describing different stages of firmness of apples: (a...

7 CFR 51.320 - Diameter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.320 Diameter. When measuring for minimum size, “diameter” means the greatest dimension of the apple measured at right angles to... dimension of the apple determined by passing the apple through a round opening in any position. U.S...

7 CFR 51.320 - Diameter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.320 Diameter. When measuring for minimum size, “diameter” means the greatest dimension of the apple measured at right angles to... dimension of the apple determined by passing the apple through a round opening in any position. U.S...

7 CFR 51.312 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.312 Mature. “Mature” means that the apples have reached the... apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness, depending upon the stage of the ripening process. The following terms are used for describing different stages of firmness of apples: (a...

7 CFR 51.317 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.317 Damage. “Damage” means any specific defect defined in... quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

7 CFR 51.317 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.317 Damage. “Damage” means any specific defect defined in... quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

7 CFR 51.317 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.317 Damage. “Damage” means any specific defect defined in... quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

7 CFR 51.316 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.316 Injury. “Injury” means any specific defect defined in... shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

7 CFR 51.316 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.316 Injury. “Injury” means any specific defect defined in... shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

7 CFR 51.316 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.316 Injury. “Injury” means any specific defect defined in... shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches... cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be...

75 FR 18471 - Notice of Request for Renewal of a Recordkeeping Burden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-12

... covering exports of apples and grapes. DATES: Comments on this notice must be received by June 11, 2010 to...: Export Fruit Regulations--Export Apple Act (7 CFR part 33) and the Export Grape and Plum Act (7 CFR part... for Renewal of a Recordkeeping Burden. Abstract: Fresh apples and grapes grown in the United States...

7 CFR 51.318 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.318 Serious damage... from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be...

7 CFR 51.316 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.316 Injury. “Injury... the appearance or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be...

7 CFR 51.312 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.312 Mature. “Mature” means that the apples have reached the stage of development which will insure the proper completion of the ripening process. Before a mature apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness...

7 CFR 51.316 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.316 Injury. “Injury... the appearance or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be...

7 CFR 51.317 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.317 Damage. “Damage... appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be allowed on...

7 CFR 51.317 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.317 Damage. “Damage... appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be allowed on...

7 CFR 51.312 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.312 Mature. “Mature” means that the apples have reached the stage of development which will insure the proper completion of the ripening process. Before a mature apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness...

7 CFR 51.318 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.318 Serious damage... from the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apple. In addition, specific defect measurements are based on an apple three inches in diameter. Corresponding smaller or larger areas would be...

7 CFR 33.12 - Apples not subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Apples not subject to regulation. 33.12 Section 33.12... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Exemptions § 33.12 Apples not subject... this part, transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination: (a) A quantity of apples...

7 CFR 33.12 - Apples not subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Apples not subject to regulation. 33.12 Section 33.12... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Exemptions § 33.12 Apples not subject... this part, transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination: (a) A quantity of apples...

7 CFR 33.12 - Apples not subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Apples not subject to regulation. 33.12 Section 33.12... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Exemptions § 33.12 Apples not subject... this part, transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination: (a) A quantity of apples...

7 CFR 33.12 - Apples not subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Apples not subject to regulation. 33.12 Section 33.12... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Exemptions § 33.12 Apples not subject... this part, transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination: (a) A quantity of apples...

7 CFR 33.12 - Apples not subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Apples not subject to regulation. 33.12 Section 33.12... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Exemptions § 33.12 Apples not subject... this part, transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination: (a) A quantity of apples...

7 CFR 51.320 - Diameter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.320 Diameter. When measuring for minimum size, “diameter” means the greatest dimension of the apple measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end. When measuring for maximum size, “diameter” means the smallest dimension of the apple determined by...

7 CFR 51.320 - Diameter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.320 Diameter. When measuring for minimum size, “diameter” means the greatest dimension of the apple measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end. When measuring for maximum size, “diameter” means the smallest dimension of the apple determined by...

7 CFR 51.320 - Diameter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.320 Diameter. When measuring for minimum size, “diameter” means the greatest dimension of the apple measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end. When measuring for maximum size, “diameter” means the smallest dimension of the apple determined by...

7 CFR 33.50 - Apples for processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Apples for processing. 33.50 Section 33.50 Agriculture... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Interpretive Rules § 33.50 Apples for processing. The terms “apples for processing” as used in § 33.12 of this part apply only and is restricted to packages...

7 CFR 33.50 - Apples for processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Apples for processing. 33.50 Section 33.50 Agriculture... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Interpretive Rules § 33.50 Apples for processing. The terms “apples for processing” as used in § 33.12 of this part apply only and is restricted to packages...

7 CFR 33.50 - Apples for processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Apples for processing. 33.50 Section 33.50 Agriculture... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Interpretive Rules § 33.50 Apples for processing. The terms “apples for processing” as used in § 33.12 of this part apply only and is restricted to packages...

7 CFR 33.50 - Apples for processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Apples for processing. 33.50 Section 33.50 Agriculture... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Interpretive Rules § 33.50 Apples for processing. The terms “apples for processing” as used in § 33.12 of this part apply only and is restricted to packages...

7 CFR 33.50 - Apples for processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Apples for processing. 33.50 Section 33.50 Agriculture... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Interpretive Rules § 33.50 Apples for processing. The terms “apples for processing” as used in § 33.12 of this part apply only and is restricted to packages...

7 CFR 51.313 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.313 Overripe. “Overripe” means apples which have progressed...

7 CFR 51.349 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.349 Overripe. Overripe means apples which are...

7 CFR 51.349 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.349 Overripe. Overripe means apples which are...

7 CFR 51.313 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.313 Overripe. “Overripe” means apples which have progressed...

7 CFR 51.349 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.349 Overripe. Overripe means apples which are dead ripe, and with flesh very mealy or soft. ...

7 CFR 51.349 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.349 Overripe. Overripe means apples which are dead ripe, and with flesh very mealy or soft. ...

7 CFR 51.314 - Clean.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.314 Clean. “Clean” means that the apples are free from...

7 CFR 51.314 - Clean.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.314 Clean. “Clean” means that the apples are free from...

7 CFR 51.314 - Clean.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.314 Clean. “Clean” means that the apples are free from excessive dirt, dust, spray residue, and other foreign material. ...

7 CFR 51.319 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.319 Seriously deformed. “Seriously deformed” means that the apple is so badly misshapen that its appearance is seriously...

7 CFR 51.319 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.319 Seriously deformed. “Seriously deformed” means that the apple is so badly misshapen that its appearance is seriously...

7 CFR 51.314 - Clean.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.314 Clean. “Clean” means that the apples are free from excessive dirt, dust, spray residue, and other foreign material. ...

7 CFR 51.313 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.313 Overripe. “Overripe” means apples which have progressed beyond the stage of ripe, with flesh very mealy or soft, and...

7 CFR 51.313 - Overripe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.313 Overripe. “Overripe” means apples which have progressed beyond the stage of ripe, with flesh very mealy or soft, and...

7 CFR 51.315 - Fairly well formed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.315 Fairly well formed. “Fairly well formed” means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent which detracts materially from its...

7 CFR 51.315 - Fairly well formed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.315 Fairly well formed. “Fairly well formed” means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent which detracts materially from its...

7 CFR 51.315 - Fairly well formed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.315 Fairly well formed. “Fairly well formed” means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent...

7 CFR 51.315 - Fairly well formed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.315 Fairly well formed. “Fairly well formed” means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent which detracts materially from its...

7 CFR 51.315 - Fairly well formed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.315 Fairly well formed. “Fairly well formed” means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent...

7 CFR 33.10 - Minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.10 Minimum requirements. No person shall... shipment of apples to any foreign destination unless: (a) Apples grade at least U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 1 Early: Provided, That apples for export to Pacific ports of Russia shall grade at least U.S. Utility or...

7 CFR 33.10 - Minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.10 Minimum requirements. No person shall... shipment of apples to any foreign destination unless: (a) Apples grade at least U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 1 Early: Provided, That apples for export to Pacific ports of Russia shall grade at least U.S. Utility or...

7 CFR 33.10 - Minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.10 Minimum requirements. No person shall... shipment of apples to any foreign destination unless: (a) Apples grade at least U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 1 Early: Provided, That apples for export to Pacific ports of Russia shall grade at least U.S. Utility or...

7 CFR 33.10 - Minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.10 Minimum requirements. No person shall... shipment of apples to any foreign destination unless: (a) Apples grade at least U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 1 Early: Provided, That apples for export to Pacific ports of Russia shall grade at least U.S. Utility or...

7 CFR 33.10 - Minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.10 Minimum requirements. No person shall... shipment of apples to any foreign destination unless: (a) Apples grade at least U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 1 Early: Provided, That apples for export to Pacific ports of Russia shall grade at least U.S. Utility or...

7 CFR 51.319 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.319 Seriously deformed. “Seriously deformed” means that the apple is so badly misshapen that its appearance is seriously affected. ...

7 CFR 51.319 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Definitions § 51.319 Seriously deformed. “Seriously deformed” means that the apple is so badly misshapen that its appearance is seriously affected. ...

7 CFR 33.11 - Inspection and certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.11 Inspection and certification. (a) Each person shipping, or offering for shipment, apples to any foreign destination shall cause... transport, or receive for transportation, apples to any foreign destination unless they have been so...

7 CFR 33.11 - Inspection and certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.11 Inspection and certification. (a) Each person shipping, or offering for shipment, apples to any foreign destination shall cause... transport, or receive for transportation, apples to any foreign destination unless they have been so...

7 CFR 33.11 - Inspection and certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.11 Inspection and certification. (a) Each person shipping, or offering for shipment, apples to any foreign destination shall cause... transport, or receive for transportation, apples to any foreign destination unless they have been so...

7 CFR 33.11 - Inspection and certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.11 Inspection and certification. (a) Each person shipping, or offering for shipment, apples to any foreign destination shall cause... transport, or receive for transportation, apples to any foreign destination unless they have been so...

7 CFR 33.11 - Inspection and certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Regulations § 33.11 Inspection and certification. (a) Each person shipping, or offering for shipment, apples to any foreign destination shall cause... transport, or receive for transportation, apples to any foreign destination unless they have been so...

78 FR 43849 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

...: Export Fruit Regulations. OMB Control Number: 0581-0143. Summary of Collection: Fresh apples and grapes... requirements established by regulations issued under the Export Apple Act (7 CFR Part 33) and the Export Grape... States in apples and grapes; to protect the reputation of these American-grown commodities; and to...

75 FR 52218 - Common Crop Insurance Regulations; Apple Crop Insurance Provisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-25

... the definition of ``good farming practices'' in the Basic Provisions. Comment: Several comments were... farming operation. For instance, all producers are required to submit an application and acreage report to... practices generally in use for fresh apple acreage in the county as determined by agricultural experts'' is...

78 FR 23736 - Notice of Request for Renewal of a Recordkeeping Burden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-22

... covering exports of apples and grapes. DATES: Comments on this notice are due by June 21, 2013 to be... INFORMATION: Title: Export Fruit Regulations--Export Apple Act (7 CFR part 33) and the Export Grape and Plum... Request: Request for Renewal of a Recordkeeping Burden. Abstract: Fresh apples and grapes grown in the...

7 CFR 33.13 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.13 Notice. If the Secretary... 90 days to any person who ships, or offers for shipment, apples to any foreign destination in...

7 CFR 33.13 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.13 Notice. If the Secretary... 90 days to any person who ships, or offers for shipment, apples to any foreign destination in...

7 CFR 33.13 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.13 Notice. If the Secretary... 90 days to any person who ships, or offers for shipment, apples to any foreign destination in...

7 CFR 33.13 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.13 Notice. If the Secretary... 90 days to any person who ships, or offers for shipment, apples to any foreign destination in...

7 CFR 33.13 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.13 Notice. If the Secretary... 90 days to any person who ships, or offers for shipment, apples to any foreign destination in...

What Does "Apple" Mean? Learning To Define Words.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marinellie, Sally A.

2001-01-01

This article discusses the importance of learning to define a word. It provides a brief background on the contribution of the definitional skills to communication and school success, information on children's development of definitions, and teacher and family strategies for enhancing young children's definitions in relation to other skills.…

40 CFR 407.21 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 407.21 Section 407.21 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple...

75 FR 8918 - Approval for Subzone Expansion and Expanded Manufacturing Authority; Foreign-Trade Subzone 119B...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

...); Apple Valley, MN Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of June 18, 1934, as... of Subzone 119B at the Uponor polyethylene tubing manufacturing and distribution facilities in Apple...

Flow visualization around an apple with and without bagging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, H.; Kubota, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Mochizuki, O.

2017-04-01

The typhoon often causes the vast damage to drop the apple before harvest. Many apples fall from trees by the strong wind. These apples are usually bagged to protect them from insects and control sun light for the apples colouring while they are ripening on the tree. We directly measured the drag force acting on an apple with and without bagging experimentally to bare the influence of the bagging on the dropping mechanism. There are two interesting results through the experiment: the drag coefficient of a naked apple is smaller than a sphere, and the bagging is a cause of increasing drag coefficient. To know the reason of these results, we visualized flow around the apple with and without bagging by using the hydrogen bubbles method in an open water channel in this study. We found two facts as follows: the hollow on the top of an apple plays reduction of width of the wake of an apple and reason of increasing the wake width is the flow separation from peripheral edge of the bagging.

40 CFR 407.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.11 Section 407.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice...

40 CFR 407.21 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.21 Section 407.21 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products...

40 CFR 407.21 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.21 Section 407.21 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products...

40 CFR 407.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.11 Section 407.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice...

40 CFR 407.21 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.21 Section 407.21 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products...

40 CFR 407.21 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.21 Section 407.21 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products...

40 CFR 407.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.11 Section 407.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice...

40 CFR 407.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 407.11 Section 407.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice...

40 CFR 407.11 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Specialized definitions. 407.11 Section 407.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice...

7 CFR 51.343 - Culls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Culls § 51.343 Culls. “Culls” consist of apples which fail to...

7 CFR 1540.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE Emergency Relief From Duty-Free Imports of Perishable Products From Certain Andean Countries § 1540.41 Definitions. (a) Perishable product means: (1) Live plants and... subheadings 0805.90.00, tamarinds and kiwi fruit of subheading 0810.90.20, and cashew apples, mameyes...

7 CFR 1540.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE Emergency Relief From Duty-Free Imports of Perishable Products From Certain Andean Countries § 1540.41 Definitions. (a) Perishable product means: (1) Live plants and... subheadings 0805.90.00, tamarinds and kiwi fruit of subheading 0810.90.20, and cashew apples, mameyes...

7 CFR 1540.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE Emergency Relief From Duty-Free Imports of Perishable Products From Certain Andean Countries § 1540.41 Definitions. (a) Perishable product means: (1) Live plants and... subheadings 0805.90.00, tamarinds and kiwi fruit of subheading 0810.90.20, and cashew apples, mameyes...

7 CFR 1540.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE Emergency Relief From Duty-Free Imports of Perishable Products From Certain Andean Countries § 1540.41 Definitions. (a) Perishable product means: (1) Live plants and... subheadings 0805.90.00, tamarinds and kiwi fruit of subheading 0810.90.20, and cashew apples, mameyes...

7 CFR 1540.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE Emergency Relief From Duty-Free Imports of Perishable Products From Certain Andean Countries § 1540.41 Definitions. (a) Perishable product means: (1) Live plants and... subheadings 0805.90.00, tamarinds and kiwi fruit of subheading 0810.90.20, and cashew apples, mameyes...

76 FR 47610 - Certain Electronic Digital Media Devices and Components Thereof; Notice of Institution of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1337, on behalf of Apple, Inc. of Cupertino... upon which this notice of investigation shall be served: (a) The complainant is: Apple Inc., 1 Infinite...

Apple Can Act as Anti-Aging on Yeast Cells

PubMed Central

Palermo, Vanessa; Mattivi, Fulvio; Silvestri, Romano; La Regina, Giuseppe; Falcone, Claudio; Mazzoni, Cristina

2012-01-01

In recent years, epidemiological and biochemical studies have shown that eating apples is associated with reduction of occurrence of cancer, degenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. This association is often attributed to the presence of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and polyphenols. The substances that hinder the presence of free radicals are also able to protect cells from aging. In our laboratory we used yeast, a unicellular eukaryotic organism, to determine in vivo efficacy of entire apples and their components, such as flesh, skin and polyphenolic fraction, to influence aging and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that all the apple components increase lifespan, with the best result given by the whole fruit, indicating a cooperative role of all apple components. PMID:22970337

7 CFR 51.342 - U.S. Cider.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Grades § 51.342 U.S. Cider. “U.S. Cider” consists of apples...

Dehydration and osmotic adjustment in apple stem tissue during winter as it relates to the frost resistance of buds.

PubMed

Pramsohler, Manuel; Neuner, Gilbert

2013-08-01

In deciduous trees, measurement of stem water potential can be difficult during the leafless period in winter. By using thermocouple psychrometry, osmotic water potentials (Ψo; actual Ψo: Ψo(act); Ψo at full saturation: Ψo(sat)) of expressed sap of bark and bud tissue were measured in order to test if the severity of winter desiccation in apple stems could be sufficiently assessed with Ψo. Water potentials were related to frost resistance and freezing behaviour of buds. The determination of Ψo reliably allowed winter desiccation and osmotic adjustments in apple stem tissue to be assessed. In winter in bark tissue, a pronounced decrease in Ψo(act) and Ψo(sat) was found. Decreased Ψo(sat) indicates active osmotic adjustment in the bark as observed earlier in the leaves of evergreen woody plants. In terminal bud meristems, no significant osmotic adjustments occurred and dehydration during winter was much less. Osmotic water potentials, Ψo(act) and Ψo(sat), of bud tissue were always less negative than in the bark. To prevent water movement and dehydration of the bud tissue via this osmotic gradient, it must be compensated for either by a sufficiently high turgor pressure (Ψp) in bark tissue or by the isolation of the bud tissue from the bark during midwinter. During freezing of apple buds, freeze dehydration and extra-organ freezing could be demonstrated by significantly reduced Ψo(act) values of bud meristems that had been excised in the frozen state. Infrared video thermography was used to monitor freezing patterns in apple twigs. During extracellular freezing of intact and longitudinally dissected stems, infrared differential thermal analysis (IDTA) images showed that the bud meristem remains ice free. Even if cooled to temperatures below the frost-killing temperature, no freezing event could be detected in bud meristems during winter. In contrast, after bud break, terminal buds showed a second freezing at the frost-killing temperature that indicates deep supercooling. Our results demonstrate the applicability of thermocouple psychrometry for the assessment of winter desiccation in stem tissues of deciduous trees and corroborate the finding that dormant apple buds survive by extra-organ freezing and do not deep supercool. In addition, they indicate that significant changes of the frost-survival mechanism can occur during the apple bud development in spring.

To amend the Export Apple Act to permit the export of apples to Canada in bulk bins without certification by the Department of Agriculture.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Owens, William L. [D-NY-21

2013-03-20

House - 04/02/2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Horticulture, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

A bill to amend the Export Apple Act to permit the export of apples to Canada in bulk bins without certification by the Department of Agriculture.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY

2012-03-20

Senate - 03/20/2012 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

7 CFR 33.60 - OMB control number assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT...

Comparing Apples and Oranges: Fifteen Years of Definitions of Giftedness in Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carman, Carol A.

2013-01-01

The lack of a unified definition of giftedness leads researchers to use very different operationalizations when selecting a sample of gifted individuals for use in research. We found 104 empirical articles from 38 journals that differentiated between gifted and nongifted students which were analyzed to determine the most common methods of…

Additional indications for the low allergenic properties of the apple cultivars Santana and Elise.

PubMed

Vlieg-Boerstra, B J; van de Weg, W E; van der Heide, S; Skypala, I; Bures, P; Ballmer-Weber, B K; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K; Zauli, D; Ricci, G; Dubois, A E J

2013-12-01

Patients with Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) to fresh apple may tolerate low allergenic apple cultivars. We aimed to investigate if the low allergenic properties of Elise and Santana, as previously identified in a Dutch population, could be generalised within North West Europe within the birch pollen region with regard to both the prevalence and degree of sensitization. Prick-to-prick tests (PTP) were performed in eighty-five adult patients with OAS to fresh apple in Great Britain, Switzerland and Northern Italy, before the birch pollen season, using the putatively low allergenic apple cultivars Elise, Santana, Granny Smith, Modi and Mcintosh, as well as the putatively high allergenic apple cultivars Golden Delicious and Kanzi. No significant differences in percentages of negative responses of PTPs were found between the three countries. Negative responses did not differ from negative responses to the different apple cultivars we previously found in 2006/2007 in the Netherlands. The size of the PTPs of all apple cultivars tested were correlated to the size of the skin prick tests with birch pollen. These results add to the indications for the low allergenic properties of the low allergenic apple cultivars Santana and Elise, as the number of negative responses were reproducible in three countries within the birch pollen region and were similar to previous results in the Netherlands. These results justify oral challenge studies with Elise and Santana within the birch pollen region, to establish the low allergenic properties for the benefit for apple allergic consumers for definite conclusions.

APPL endosomes are not obligatory endocytic intermediates but act as stable cargo-sorting compartments

PubMed Central

Kalaidzidis, Inna; Miaczynska, Marta; Brewińska-Olchowik, Marta; Hupalowska, Anna; Ferguson, Charles; Parton, Robert G.; Kalaidzidis, Yannis

2015-01-01

Endocytosis allows cargo to enter a series of specialized endosomal compartments, beginning with early endosomes harboring Rab5 and its effector EEA1. There are, however, additional structures labeled by the Rab5 effector APPL1 whose role in endocytic transport remains unclear. It has been proposed that APPL1 vesicles are transport intermediates that convert into EEA1 endosomes. Here, we tested this model by analyzing the ultrastructural morphology, kinetics of cargo transport, and stability of the APPL1 compartment over time. We found that APPL1 resides on a tubulo-vesicular compartment that is capable of sorting cargo for recycling or degradation and that displays long lifetimes, all features typical of early endosomes. Fitting mathematical models to experimental data rules out maturation of APPL1 vesicles into EEA1 endosomes as a primary mechanism for cargo transport. Our data suggest instead that APPL1 endosomes represent a distinct population of Rab5-positive sorting endosomes, thus providing important insights into the compartmental organization of the early endocytic pathway. PMID:26459602

What Is Present and Absent in Critical Analyses of Neoliberalism in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apple, Michael W.

2017-01-01

In "Can Education Change Society?" (Apple, 2013), Apple described a number of tasks in which the critical scholar/activist needs to engage. Among them are telling the truth about what is happening in the creation of inequalities, illuminating spaces of possibility, and acting as the critical secretary of the movements and people who…

Project APPLE CORE. Annual Report, July 1, 1975 to September 30, 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge.

Project Apple Core (Adult Performance Level), a 15-month project funded through Section 309 of the Adult Education Act of 1966, was carried out in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, to provide a career-oriented instructional program for undereducated and underemployed adults in that area. The document briefly describes some aspects of the project, in…

7 CFR 51.1357 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1 2... which would occur if the pear were well formed. Round or apple-shaped pears shall not be considered...

7 CFR 51.1357 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2... which would occur if the pear were well formed. Round or apple-shaped pears shall not be considered...

X-ray micro-computer tomographic method to visualize the microstructure of different apple cultivars.

PubMed

Ting, Valentina J L; Silcock, Patrick; Bremer, Phil J; Biasioli, Franco

2013-11-01

Apples are appreciated for their texture with firmness acting as an indicator of quality. During prolonged storage, apples can soften and their texture can become undesirably mealy. Using an X-ray microcomputer tomography (μ-CT) scanner, the porosity (ratio of intercellular space [IS] to total volume) and the structural arrangement of the parenchyma tissue of 4 apple cultivars (Braeburn, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Jazz) stored under similar conditions for 100 d were visualized via the development of 2D and 3D images. The texture of the apples was also measured using a puncture test. The morphometric and textural measurements revealed that firm Jazz apples (flesh firmness: 29.84N) had a lower porosity (17%) compared to soft Golden Delicious apples (flesh firmness: 14.16N; porosity: 29.8%). In general, firm apples had a higher dry matter (%) and a lower porosity (%), while the reverse was true for softer apples. However, this was not an absolute trend as cultivar specific differences in the microstructural organization and consequent mechanical strength of the parenchyma tissue also influenced firmness. For example, although Fuji apples were firm (28.42N), they had a high porosity (29.3%) due to the presence of numerous small and compact IS. In comparison, soft Golden Delicious apples had a high porosity (29.8%) due to the presence of large, interconnected IS. Imaging technologies have the potential to provide a pictorial or graphical database showing the size range distribution of IS corresponding to different parenchyma tissue types and how they relate to apple texture and eating quality. © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®

7 CFR 51.348 - One variety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.348 One variety. One variety within the...

7 CFR 51.348 - One variety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.348 One variety. One variety within the...

Citrinin as an accessory establishment factor of P. expansum for the colonization of apples.

PubMed

Touhami, Najim; Soukup, Sebastian T; Schmidt-Heydt, Markus; Kulling, Sabine E; Geisen, Rolf

2018-02-02

Penicillium expansum is the causal agent of blue mold decay of apples. This fungal species can produce the two important mycotoxins patulin and citrinin. It was previously shown that patulin represents a colonization factor for the infection of apples. No definitive information about the importance of citrinin for the colonization of apples is currently available. The pksCT gene of the citrinin cluster codes for the citrinin polyketide synthase. Mutants of P. expansum in which the pksCT was inactivated showed a drastic decrease in the citrinin production. In addition, the pksCT mutants were also reduced in the ability to colonize apples. Externally added citrinin restored the capacity of the mutants to colonize apples roughly to that of the wild type. A kinetic analysis of the expression of the two respective pks genes of patulin (patK) and citrinin (pksCT) revealed that both genes are highly expressed in the first phase during the colonization process. The production of patulin in the apple matrix coincides with the expression of the patK gene. Almost no citrinin could be identified analytically during the first phase but only at a later stage of the colonization. It could be demonstrated that citrinin is degraded in apples and can tightly be bound to pectin. Overall the results suggest that citrinin may have an accessory function for the establishment of the colonization guided by other factors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

APPL1 potentiates insulin sensitivity by facilitating the binding of IRS1/2 to the insulin receptor.

PubMed

Ryu, Jiyoon; Galan, Amanda K; Xin, Xiaoban; Dong, Feng; Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad A; Zhou, Lijun; Wang, Changhua; Li, Cuiling; Holmes, Bekke M; Sloane, Lauren B; Austad, Steven N; Guo, Shaodong; Musi, Nicolas; DeFronzo, Ralph A; Deng, Chuxia; White, Morris F; Liu, Feng; Dong, Lily Q

2014-05-22

Binding of insulin receptor substrate proteins 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) to the insulin receptor (IR) is essential for the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. However, the mechanism of IRS1/2 recruitment to the IR remains elusive. Here, we identify adaptor protein APPL1 as a critical molecule that promotes IRS1/2-IR interaction. APPL1 forms a complex with IRS1/2 under basal conditions, and this complex is then recruited to the IR in response to insulin or adiponectin stimulation. The interaction between APPL1 and IR depends on insulin- or adiponectin-stimulated APPL1 phosphorylation, which is greatly reduced in insulin target tissues in obese mice. appl1 deletion in mice consistently leads to systemic insulin resistance and a significant reduction in insulin-stimulated IRS1/2, but not IR, tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating that APPL1 sensitizes insulin signaling by acting at a site downstream of the IR. Our study uncovers a mechanism regulating insulin signaling and crosstalk between the insulin and adiponectin pathways. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Apple EIN3 BINDING F-box 1 inhibits the activity of three apple EIN3-like transcription factors

PubMed Central

Tacken, Emma J.; Ireland, Hilary S.; Wang, Yen-Yi; Putterill, Jo; Schaffer, Robert J.

2012-01-01

Background and aims Fruit ripening in Malus× domestica (apple) is controlled by ethylene. Work in model species has shown that following the detection of ethylene, the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) transcription factor is stabilized, leading to an increase in transcript accumulation of ethylene-responsive genes, such as POLYGALACTURONASE1 (PG1). In the absence of ethylene, the EIN3 BINDING F-box (EBF) proteins rapidly degrade EIN3 via the ubiquitination/SCF (Skp, Cullin, F-Box) proteasome pathway. In this study, we aim to identify and characterize the apple EBF genes, and test their activity against apple EIN3-like proteins (EILs). Methodology The apple genome sequence was mined for EBF-like genes. The expression of EBF-like genes was measured during fruit development. Using a transient assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, the activity of three apple EILs was tested against the PG1 promoter, with and without ethylene and EBF1. Principal results Four EBF-like genes in apple were identified and grouped into two sub-clades. Sub-clade I genes had constant expression over fruit development while sub-clade II genes increased in expression at ripening. EBF1 was shown to reduce the transactivation of the apple PG1 promoter by the EIL1, EIL2 and EIL3 transcription factors in the presence of ethylene. Conclusions The apple EBF1 gene identified here is likely to be a functionally conserved EBF orthologue, modulating EIL activity in apples. The activity of EBF1 suggests that it is not specific to a single EIL, instead acting as a global regulator of apple EIL transcription factors. PMID:23585922

Silencing of flavanone-3-hydroxylase in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) leads to accumulation of flavanones, but not to reduced fire blight susceptibility.

PubMed

Flachowsky, Henryk; Halbwirth, Heidi; Treutter, Dieter; Richter, Klaus; Hanke, Magda-Viola; Szankowski, Iris; Gosch, Christian; Stich, Karl; Fischer, Thilo C

2012-02-01

Transgenic antisense flavanone-3-hydroxylase apple plants were produced to mimic the effect of the agrochemical prohexadione-Ca on apple leaves. This enzyme inhibitor for 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases is used as a growth retardant and for control of secondary fire blight of leaves. Like using the agent, silencing of flavanone-3-hydroxylase leads to an accumulation of flavanones in leaves, but in contrast not to the formation of 3-deoxyflavonoids. In prohexadione-Ca treated leaves the 3-deoxyflavonoid luteoforol is formed from accumulating flavanones, acting as an antimicrobial compound against the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Seemingly, the silencing of just one of the 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases (in apple also flavonol synthase and anthocyanidin synthase take part downstream in the pathway) does not provide a sufficiently high ratio of flavanones to dihydroflavonols. This seems to be needed to let the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase/flavanone-4-reductase enzyme reduce flavanones to luteoforol, and to let this be reduced by the leucoanthocyanidin-4-reductase/3-deoxyleucoanthocyanidin-4-reductase, each acting with their respective weak secondary activities. Accordingly, also the intended inducible resistance to fire blight by prohexadione-Ca is not observed with the antisense flavanone-3-hydroxylase apple plants. On the other hand, for most transgenic lines with strong flavanone-4-reductase down-regulation, up-regulation of gene expression for the other flavonoid genes was found. This provides further evidence for the feedback regulation of flavonoid gene expression having been previously reported for the prohexadione-Ca inhibited apple plants. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Apple ring rot-responsive putative microRNAs revealed by high-throughput sequencing in Malus × domestica Borkh.

PubMed

Yu, Xin-Yi; Du, Bei-Bei; Gao, Zhi-Hong; Zhang, Shi-Jie; Tu, Xu-Tong; Chen, Xiao-Yun; Zhang, Zhen; Qu, Shen-Chun

2014-08-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which silence target mRNA via cleavage or translational inhibition to function in regulating gene expression. MiRNAs act as important regulators of plant development and stress response. For understanding the role of miRNAs responsive to apple ring rot stress, we identified disease-responsive miRNAs using high-throughput sequencing in Malus × domestica Borkh.. Four small RNA libraries were constructed from two control strains in M. domestica, crabapple (CKHu) and Fuji Naga-fu No. 6 (CKFu), and two disease stress strains, crabapple (DSHu) and Fuji Naga-fu No. 6 (DSFu). A total of 59 miRNA families were identified and five miRNAs might be responsive to apple ring rot infection and validated via qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we predicted 76 target genes which were regulated by conserved miRNAs potentially. Our study demonstrated that miRNAs was responsive to apple ring rot infection and may have important implications on apple disease resistance.

Investigating AI with Basic and Logo. Teaching Your Computer to Be Intelligent.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert

1988-01-01

Discusses artificial intelligence, its definitions, and potential applications. Provides listings of Logo and BASIC versions for programs along with REM statements needed to make modifications for use with Apple computers. (RT)

The full-length form of the Drosophila amyloid precursor protein is involved in memory formation.

PubMed

Bourdet, Isabelle; Preat, Thomas; Goguel, Valérie

2015-01-21

The APP plays a central role in AD, a pathology that first manifests as a memory decline. Understanding the role of APP in normal cognition is fundamental in understanding the progression of AD, and mammalian studies have pointed to a role of secreted APPα in memory. In Drosophila, we recently showed that APPL, the fly APP ortholog, is required for associative memory. In the present study, we aimed to characterize which form of APPL is involved in this process. We show that expression of a secreted-APPL form in the mushroom bodies, the center for olfactory memory, is able to rescue the memory deficit caused by APPL partial loss of function. We next assessed the impact on memory of the Drosophila α-secretase kuzbanian (KUZ), the enzyme initiating the nonamyloidogenic pathway that produces secreted APPLα. Strikingly, KUZ overexpression not only failed to rescue the memory deficit caused by APPL loss of function, it exacerbated this deficit. We further show that in addition to an increase in secreted-APPL forms, KUZ overexpression caused a decrease of membrane-bound full-length species that could explain the memory deficit. Indeed, we observed that transient expression of a constitutive membrane-bound mutant APPL form is sufficient to rescue the memory deficit caused by APPL reduction, revealing for the first time a role of full-length APPL in memory formation. Our data demonstrate that, in addition to secreted APPL, the noncleaved form is involved in memory, raising the possibility that secreted and full-length APPL act together in memory processes. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/351043-09$15.00/0.

Patulin is a cultivar-dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum.

PubMed

Snini, Selma P; Tannous, Joanna; Heuillard, Pauline; Bailly, Sylviane; Lippi, Yannick; Zehraoui, Enric; Barreau, Christian; Oswald, Isabelle P; Puel, Olivier

2016-08-01

The blue mould decay of apples is caused by Penicillium expansum and is associated with contamination by patulin, a worldwide regulated mycotoxin. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes (patA-patO) involved in patulin biosynthesis was identified in P. expansum. blast analysis revealed that patL encodes a Cys6 zinc finger regulatory factor. The deletion of patL caused a drastic decrease in the expression of all pat genes, leading to an absence of patulin production. Pathogenicity studies performed on 13 apple varieties indicated that the PeΔpatL strain could still infect apples, but the intensity of symptoms was weaker compared with the wild-type strain. A lower growth rate was observed in the PeΔpatL strain when this strain was grown on nine of the 13 apple varieties tested. In the complemented PeΔpatL:patL strain, the ability to grow normally in apple and the production of patulin were restored. Our results clearly demonstrate that patulin is not indispensable in the initiation of the disease, but acts as a cultivar-dependent aggressiveness factor for P. expansum. This conclusion was strengthened by the fact that the addition of patulin to apple infected by the PeΔpatL mutant restored the normal fungal colonization in apple. © 2015 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.

Endopolygalacturonase in Apples (Malus domestica) and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening.

PubMed Central

Wu, Q.; Szakacs-Dobozi, M.; Hemmat, M.; Hrazdina, G.

1993-01-01

The activity of polygalacturonase (PG) has been detected in ripe McIntosh apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv McIntosh) both by enzyme activity measurement and immunoblotting using an anti-tomato-PG antibody preparation. PG activity increased during fruit ripening and remained steady, or decreased slightly, after 5 months of controlled atmospheric storage. The enzyme had a relative molecular weight of 45,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 56,000 to 61,000 when determined by gel filtration. Viscosity and reducing end group measurements with a commercial pectin preparation showed that the enzyme is endo acting. In RNA and DNA blot hybridization experiments, a full-length tomato PG cDNA hybridized with the apple RNA and DNA, showing the identity of genes encoding the activity of the enzyme in tomato and apple. PMID:12231813

Involvement of Auxin and Brassinosteroid in Dwarfism of Autotetraploid Apple (Malus × domestica).

PubMed

Ma, Yue; Xue, Hao; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Feng; Ou, Chunqing; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Zhihong

2016-05-24

The plant height is an important trait in fruit tree. However, the molecular mechanism on dwarfism is still poorly understood. We found that colchicine-induced autotetraploid apple plants (Malus × domestica) exhibited a dwarf phenotype. The vertical length of cortical parenchyma cells was shorter in autotetraploids than in diploids, by observing paraffin sections. Hormone levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) were significantly decreased in 3- and 5-year-old autotetraploid plants. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in IAA and BR pathways. microRNA390 was significantly upregulated according to microarray analysis. Exogenous application of IAA and BR promoted stem elongation of both apple plants grown in medium. The results show that dwarfing in autotetraploid apple plants is most likely regulated by IAA and BR. The dwarf phenotype of autotetraploid apple plants could be due to accumulation of miR390 after genome doubling, leading to upregulation of apple trans-acting short-interfering RNA 3 (MdTAS3) expression, which in turn downregulates the expression of MdARF3. Overall, this leads to partial interruption of the IAA and BR signal transduction pathway. Our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in autopolyploid apple plants.

Involvement of Auxin and Brassinosteroid in Dwarfism of Autotetraploid Apple (Malus × domestica)

PubMed Central

Ma, Yue; Xue, Hao; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Feng; Ou, Chunqing; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Zhihong

2016-01-01

The plant height is an important trait in fruit tree. However, the molecular mechanism on dwarfism is still poorly understood. We found that colchicine-induced autotetraploid apple plants (Malus × domestica) exhibited a dwarf phenotype. The vertical length of cortical parenchyma cells was shorter in autotetraploids than in diploids, by observing paraffin sections. Hormone levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) were significantly decreased in 3- and 5-year-old autotetraploid plants. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in IAA and BR pathways. microRNA390 was significantly upregulated according to microarray analysis. Exogenous application of IAA and BR promoted stem elongation of both apple plants grown in medium. The results show that dwarfing in autotetraploid apple plants is most likely regulated by IAA and BR. The dwarf phenotype of autotetraploid apple plants could be due to accumulation of miR390 after genome doubling, leading to upregulation of apple trans-acting short-interfering RNA 3 (MdTAS3) expression, which in turn downregulates the expression of MdARF3. Overall, this leads to partial interruption of the IAA and BR signal transduction pathway. Our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in autopolyploid apple plants. PMID:27216878

The Role of Ethylene and Cold Temperature in the Regulation of the Apple POLYGALACTURONASE1 Gene and Fruit Softening1[W][OA

PubMed Central

Tacken, Emma; Ireland, Hilary; Gunaseelan, Kularajathevan; Karunairetnam, Sakuntala; Wang, Daisy; Schultz, Keith; Bowen, Judith; Atkinson, Ross G.; Johnston, Jason W.; Putterill, Jo; Hellens, Roger P.; Schaffer, Robert J.

2010-01-01

Fruit softening in apple (Malus × domestica) is associated with an increase in the ripening hormone ethylene. Here, we show that in cv Royal Gala apples that have the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACC OXIDASE1 suppressed, a cold treatment preconditions the apples to soften independently of added ethylene. When a cold treatment is followed by an ethylene treatment, a more rapid softening occurs than in apples that have not had a cold treatment. Apple fruit softening has been associated with the increase in the expression of cell wall hydrolase genes. One such gene, POLYGALACTURONASE1 (PG1), increases in expression both with ethylene and following a cold treatment. Transcriptional regulation of PG1 through the ethylene pathway is likely to be through an ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like transcription factor, which increases in expression during apple fruit development and transactivates the PG1 promoter in transient assays in the presence of ethylene. A cold-related gene that resembles a COLD BINDING FACTOR (CBF) class of gene also transactivates the PG1 promoter. The transactivation by the CBF-like gene is greatly enhanced by the addition of exogenous ethylene. These observations give a possible molecular mechanism for the cold- and ethylene-regulated control of fruit softening and suggest that either these two pathways act independently and synergistically with each other or cold enhances the ethylene response such that background levels of ethylene in the ethylene-suppressed apples is sufficient to induce fruit softening in apples. PMID:20237022

7 CFR 51.1357 - Seriously deformed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND... were well formed. Round or apple-shaped pears shall not be considered seriously deformed. ...

Toward an Objectivistic Theory of Probability

DTIC Science & Technology

1956-01-01

OBJECTIVISTIC PROBABILITY THEORY 2 7 three potential acts: the individual may choose an apple, an orange or a banana . Each of these acts corresponds to a point...its veneer having begun to peel at one corner, etc., etc. Its future there-ness lies in that it may have its legs gnawed at by the new puppy in the

7 CFR 51.348 - One variety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false One variety. 51.348 Section 51.348 Agriculture... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Definitions § 51.348 One variety. One variety within the...

Apple Red Tape Elimination Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY

2013-04-10

Senate - 04/10/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres... cooperative. Cash flow budget is a projection listing all anticipated cash inflows (including all farm income... and other expenses) to be incurred by the borrower during the period of the budget. A cash flow budget...

Transcriptional analysis of apple fruit proanthocyanidin biosynthesis.

PubMed

Henry-Kirk, Rebecca A; McGhie, Tony K; Andre, Christelle M; Hellens, Roger P; Allan, Andrew C

2012-09-01

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are products of the flavonoid pathway, which also leads to the production of anthocyanins and flavonols. Many flavonoids have antioxidant properties and may have beneficial effects for human health. PAs are found in the seeds and fruits of many plants. In apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh.), the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is most active in the skin, with the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and epicatechin acting as the initiating units for the synthesis of PA polymers. This study examined the genes involved in the production of PAs in three apple cultivars: two heritage apple cultivars, Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden, and a commercial cultivar, Royal Gala. HPLC analysis shows that tree-ripe fruit from Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden had a higher phenolic content than Royal Gala. Epicatechin and catechin biosynthesis is under the control of the biosynthetic enzymes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR1), respectively. Counter-intuitively, real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of Royal Gala LAR1 and ANR were significantly higher than those of both Devonshire Quarrenden and Hetlina. This suggests that a compensatory feedback mechanism may be active, whereby low concentrations of PAs may induce higher expression of gene transcripts. Further investigation is required into the regulation of these key enzymes in apple.

7 CFR 33.14 - Opportunity for hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.14...

Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice.

PubMed

Friedman, Mendel; Henika, Philip R; Levin, Carol E; Mandrell, Robert E

2004-09-22

We evaluated 17 plant essential oils and nine oil compounds for antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juices in a bactericidal assay in terms of % of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA(50)). The 10 compounds most active against E. coli (60 min BA(50) range in clear juice, 0.018-0.093%) were carvacrol, oregano oil, geraniol, eugenol, cinnamon leaf oil, citral, clove bud oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon bark oil, and lemon oil. The corresponding compounds against S. enterica (BA(50) range, 0.0044-0.011%) were Melissa oil, carvacrol, oregano oil, terpeineol, geraniol, lemon oil, citral, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and linalool. The activity (i) was greater for S. enterica than for E. coli, (ii) increased with incubation temperature and storage time, and (iii) was not affected by the acidity of the juices. The antibacterial agents could be divided into two classes: fast-acting and slow-acting. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the bactericidal results are related to the composition of the oils. These studies provide information about new ways to protect apple juice and other foods against human pathogens.

Simulated Exercise Physiology Laboratories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrow, James R., Jr.; Pivarnik, James M.

This book consists of a lab manual and computer disks for either Apple or IBM hardware. The lab manual serves as "tour guide" for the learner going through the various lab experiences. The manual contains definitions, proper terminology, and other basic information about physiological principles. It is organized so a step-by-step procedure may be…

A Numerical Model for Flow and Sediment Transport in Alluvial-River Bends.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

into the bend divided by the computed total sediment discharge across the section. This insures that sediment continuity is preserved along the...6 * * * 0 * C YORF DEFINITION’S , C PI : PI !!! BOSTON CREME, APPLE, PUMPKIN , LTC* "" C G = GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT * r AAA = COEFFICI92T IN

Use of homologous and heterologous gene expression profiling tools to characterize transcription dynamics during apple fruit maturation and ripening.

PubMed

Costa, Fabrizio; Alba, Rob; Schouten, Henk; Soglio, Valeria; Gianfranceschi, Luca; Serra, Sara; Musacchi, Stefano; Sansavini, Silviero; Costa, Guglielmo; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James

2010-10-25

Fruit development, maturation and ripening consists of a complex series of biochemical and physiological changes that in climacteric fruits, including apple and tomato, are coordinated by the gaseous hormone ethylene. These changes lead to final fruit quality and understanding of the functional machinery underlying these processes is of both biological and practical importance. To date many reports have been made on the analysis of gene expression in apple. In this study we focused our investigation on the role of ethylene during apple maturation, specifically comparing transcriptomics of normal ripening with changes resulting from application of the hormone receptor competitor 1-methylcyclopropene. To gain insight into the molecular process regulating ripening in apple, and to compare to tomato (model species for ripening studies), we utilized both homologous and heterologous (tomato) microarray to profile transcriptome dynamics of genes involved in fruit development and ripening, emphasizing those which are ethylene regulated.The use of both types of microarrays facilitated transcriptome comparison between apple and tomato (for the later using data previously published and available at the TED: tomato expression database) and highlighted genes conserved during ripening of both species, which in turn represent a foundation for further comparative genomic studies. The cross-species analysis had the secondary aim of examining the efficiency of heterologous (specifically tomato) microarray hybridization for candidate gene identification as related to the ripening process. The resulting transcriptomics data revealed coordinated gene expression during fruit ripening of a subset of ripening-related and ethylene responsive genes, further facilitating the analysis of ethylene response during fruit maturation and ripening. Our combined strategy based on microarray hybridization enabled transcriptome characterization during normal climacteric apple ripening, as well as definition of ethylene-dependent transcriptome changes. Comparison with tomato fruit maturation and ethylene responsive transcriptome activity facilitated identification of putative conserved orthologous ripening-related genes, which serve as an initial set of candidates for assessing conservation of gene activity across genomes of fruit bearing plant species.

7 CFR 33.16 - Service of notice or order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE EXPORT APPLE ACT Withholding Certificates § 33.16...

An Abstract Plan Preparation Language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; Munoz, Cesar A.

2006-01-01

This paper presents a new planning language that is more abstract than most existing planning languages such as the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) or the New Domain Description Language (NDDL). The goal of this language is to simplify the formal analysis and specification of planning problems that are intended for safety-critical applications such as power management or automated rendezvous in future manned spacecraft. The new language has been named the Abstract Plan Preparation Language (APPL). A translator from APPL to NDDL has been developed in support of the Spacecraft Autonomy for Vehicles and Habitats Project (SAVH) sponsored by the Explorations Technology Development Program, which is seeking to mature autonomy technology for application to the new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) that will replace the Space Shuttle.

29 CFR 1904.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 1904.46 Section 1904.46 Labor Regulations... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Definitions § 1904.46 Definitions. The Act. The Act means the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.). The definitions contained...

21 CFR 150.160 - Fruit preserves and jams.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... jams. (a) The preserves or jams for which definitions and standards of identity are prescribed by this... combination of two, three, four, or five of such fruits in which the weight of each is not less than one-fifth... of the weight of the combination. (ii) Any combination of apple and one, two, three, or four of such...

Biocontrol activity and patulin-removal effects of Bacillus subtilis, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Agrobacterium tumefaciens against Penicillium expansum.

PubMed

Wang, Y; Yuan, Y; Liu, B; Zhang, Z; Yue, T

2016-11-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis CICC 10034, Rhodobacter sphaeroides CGMCC 1.2182 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens CGMCC 1.2554 against patulin (PAT)-producer Penicillium expansum and their ability to remove PAT. Bacillus subtilis effectively inhibited P. expansum both on apples and in in vitro experiments, which reduced the rot diameter on apples by 38% compared with the control. The reduction was followed by those induced by A. tumefaciens (27·63%) and R. sphaeroides (23·67%). None of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) was able to prevent pathogen growth. Three antagonists could suppress PAT production by P. expansum on apples by 98·5, 93·7 and 94·99% after treatment with B. subtilis, R. sphaeroides and A. tumefaciens respectively. In addition, the three strains led to a 0·56-1·47 log CFU g -1 reduction in colony number of P. expansum on apples. Survival of antagonists on apple wounds revealed their tolerance to PAT. Furthermore, both live and autoclaved cells of three strains efficiently adsorbed artificially spiked PAT from medium. The selected antagonists could be applied before harvesting to control apple infection by PAT-producing fungi and also during processing to act as PAT detoxifiers. Since little information related to the capability of R. sphaeroides and A. tumefaciens to inhibit P. expansum is currently available, the results of this study provide some new perspectives to the biocontrol field. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

CERN goes iconic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2017-06-01

There are more than 1800 emoji that can be sent and received in text messages and e-mails. Now, the CERN particle-physics lab near Geneva has got in on the act and released its own collection of 35 images that can be used by anyone with an Apple device.

PHARMACOLOGIC PROBING OF AMPHOTERICIN B-INDUCED RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE NEONATAL RAT

EPA Science Inventory

Pharmacologic Probing of Amphotericin B-Induced Renal Dysfunction in the Neonatal Rat. Gray, J.A., and Kavlock, R.J. (1988). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 93, 360-368. Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide, and amiloride pharmacologic agents that act primarily in the proximal tub...

Use of homologous and heterologous gene expression profiling tools to characterize transcription dynamics during apple fruit maturation and ripening

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Fruit development, maturation and ripening consists of a complex series of biochemical and physiological changes that in climacteric fruits, including apple and tomato, are coordinated by the gaseous hormone ethylene. These changes lead to final fruit quality and understanding of the functional machinery underlying these processes is of both biological and practical importance. To date many reports have been made on the analysis of gene expression in apple. In this study we focused our investigation on the role of ethylene during apple maturation, specifically comparing transcriptomics of normal ripening with changes resulting from application of the hormone receptor competitor 1-Methylcyclopropene. Results To gain insight into the molecular process regulating ripening in apple, and to compare to tomato (model species for ripening studies), we utilized both homologous and heterologous (tomato) microarray to profile transcriptome dynamics of genes involved in fruit development and ripening, emphasizing those which are ethylene regulated. The use of both types of microarrays facilitated transcriptome comparison between apple and tomato (for the later using data previously published and available at the TED: tomato expression database) and highlighted genes conserved during ripening of both species, which in turn represent a foundation for further comparative genomic studies. The cross-species analysis had the secondary aim of examining the efficiency of heterologous (specifically tomato) microarray hybridization for candidate gene identification as related to the ripening process. The resulting transcriptomics data revealed coordinated gene expression during fruit ripening of a subset of ripening-related and ethylene responsive genes, further facilitating the analysis of ethylene response during fruit maturation and ripening. Conclusion Our combined strategy based on microarray hybridization enabled transcriptome characterization during normal climacteric apple ripening, as well as definition of ethylene-dependent transcriptome changes. Comparison with tomato fruit maturation and ethylene responsive transcriptome activity facilitated identification of putative conserved orthologous ripening-related genes, which serve as an initial set of candidates for assessing conservation of gene activity across genomes of fruit bearing plant species. PMID:20973957

Functional genomics reveals that a compact terpene synthase gene family can account for terpene volatile production in apple.

PubMed

Nieuwenhuizen, Niels J; Green, Sol A; Chen, Xiuyin; Bailleul, Estelle J D; Matich, Adam J; Wang, Mindy Y; Atkinson, Ross G

2013-02-01

Terpenes are specialized plant metabolites that act as attractants to pollinators and as defensive compounds against pathogens and herbivores, but they also play an important role in determining the quality of horticultural food products. We show that the genome of cultivated apple (Malus domestica) contains 55 putative terpene synthase (TPS) genes, of which only 10 are predicted to be functional. This low number of predicted functional TPS genes compared with other plant species was supported by the identification of only eight potentially functional TPS enzymes in apple 'Royal Gala' expressed sequence tag databases, including the previously characterized apple (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. In planta functional characterization of these TPS enzymes showed that they could account for the majority of terpene volatiles produced in cv Royal Gala, including the sesquiterpenes germacrene-D and (E)-β-caryophyllene, the monoterpenes linalool and α-pinene, and the homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Relative expression analysis of the TPS genes indicated that floral and vegetative tissues were the primary sites of terpene production in cv Royal Gala. However, production of cv Royal Gala floral-specific terpenes and TPS genes was observed in the fruit of some heritage apple cultivars. Our results suggest that the apple TPS gene family has been shaped by a combination of ancestral and more recent genome-wide duplication events. The relatively small number of functional enzymes suggests that the remaining terpenes produced in floral and vegetative and fruit tissues are maintained under a positive selective pressure, while the small number of terpenes found in the fruit of modern cultivars may be related to commercial breeding strategies.

WNT Inhibitory Activity of Malus Pumila miller cv Annurca and Malus domestica cv Limoncella Apple Extracts on Human Colon-Rectal Cells Carrying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Mutations.

PubMed

Riccio, Gennaro; Maisto, Maria; Bottone, Sara; Badolati, Nadia; Rossi, Giovanni Battista; Tenore, Gian Carlo; Stornaiuolo, Mariano; Novellino, Ettore

2017-11-18

Inhibitors of the Wingless-related Integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway have recently been under consideration as potential chemopreventive agents against Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This autosomal-dominant syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the gene coding for the protein APC and leads to hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, uncontrolled intestinal cell proliferation and formation of adenocarcinomas. The aim of the present work was to: (i) test, on in vitro cultures of cells carrying FAP mutations and on ex vivo biopsies of FAP patients, the WNT inhibitory activity of extracts from two common southern Italian apples, Malus pumila Miller cv. 'Annurca' and Malus domestica cv 'Limoncella'; (ii) identify the mechanisms underpinning their activities and; (iii) evaluate their potency upon gastrointestinal digestion. We here show that both Annurca and Limoncella apple extracts act as WNT inhibitors, mostly thanks to their polyphenolic contents. They inhibit the pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations with active dilutions falling in ranges close to consumer-relevant concentrations. Food-grade manufacturing of apple extracts increases their WNT inhibitory activity as result of the conversion of quercetin glycosides into the aglycone quercetin, a potent WNT inhibitor absent in the fresh fruit extract. However, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion severely affected WNT inhibitory activity of apple extracts, as result of a loss of polyphenols. In conclusion, our results show that apple extracts inhibit the WNT pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations and represent a potential nutraceutical alternative for the treatment of this pathology. Enteric coating is advisable to preserve the activity of the extracts in the colon-rectal section of the digestive tract.

Functional Genomics Reveals That a Compact Terpene Synthase Gene Family Can Account for Terpene Volatile Production in Apple1[W

PubMed Central

Nieuwenhuizen, Niels J.; Green, Sol A.; Chen, Xiuyin; Bailleul, Estelle J.D.; Matich, Adam J.; Wang, Mindy Y.; Atkinson, Ross G.

2013-01-01

Terpenes are specialized plant metabolites that act as attractants to pollinators and as defensive compounds against pathogens and herbivores, but they also play an important role in determining the quality of horticultural food products. We show that the genome of cultivated apple (Malus domestica) contains 55 putative terpene synthase (TPS) genes, of which only 10 are predicted to be functional. This low number of predicted functional TPS genes compared with other plant species was supported by the identification of only eight potentially functional TPS enzymes in apple ‘Royal Gala’ expressed sequence tag databases, including the previously characterized apple (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. In planta functional characterization of these TPS enzymes showed that they could account for the majority of terpene volatiles produced in cv Royal Gala, including the sesquiterpenes germacrene-D and (E)-β-caryophyllene, the monoterpenes linalool and α-pinene, and the homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Relative expression analysis of the TPS genes indicated that floral and vegetative tissues were the primary sites of terpene production in cv Royal Gala. However, production of cv Royal Gala floral-specific terpenes and TPS genes was observed in the fruit of some heritage apple cultivars. Our results suggest that the apple TPS gene family has been shaped by a combination of ancestral and more recent genome-wide duplication events. The relatively small number of functional enzymes suggests that the remaining terpenes produced in floral and vegetative and fruit tissues are maintained under a positive selective pressure, while the small number of terpenes found in the fruit of modern cultivars may be related to commercial breeding strategies. PMID:23256150

WNT Inhibitory Activity of Malus Pumila miller cv Annurca and Malus domestica cv Limoncella Apple Extracts on Human Colon-Rectal Cells Carrying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Mutations

PubMed Central

Maisto, Maria; Bottone, Sara; Badolati, Nadia; Rossi, Giovanni Battista; Novellino, Ettore

2017-01-01

Inhibitors of the Wingless-related Integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway have recently been under consideration as potential chemopreventive agents against Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This autosomal-dominant syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the gene coding for the protein APC and leads to hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, uncontrolled intestinal cell proliferation and formation of adenocarcinomas. The aim of the present work was to: (i) test, on in vitro cultures of cells carrying FAP mutations and on ex vivo biopsies of FAP patients, the WNT inhibitory activity of extracts from two common southern Italian apples, Malus pumila Miller cv. ‘Annurca’ and Malus domestica cv ‘Limoncella’; (ii) identify the mechanisms underpinning their activities and; (iii) evaluate their potency upon gastrointestinal digestion. We here show that both Annurca and Limoncella apple extracts act as WNT inhibitors, mostly thanks to their polyphenolic contents. They inhibit the pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations with active dilutions falling in ranges close to consumer-relevant concentrations. Food-grade manufacturing of apple extracts increases their WNT inhibitory activity as result of the conversion of quercetin glycosides into the aglycone quercetin, a potent WNT inhibitor absent in the fresh fruit extract. However, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion severely affected WNT inhibitory activity of apple extracts, as result of a loss of polyphenols. In conclusion, our results show that apple extracts inhibit the WNT pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations and represent a potential nutraceutical alternative for the treatment of this pathology. Enteric coating is advisable to preserve the activity of the extracts in the colon-rectal section of the digestive tract. PMID:29156563

Transcriptional analysis of apple fruit proanthocyanidin biosynthesis

PubMed Central

Henry-Kirk, Rebecca A.

2012-01-01

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are products of the flavonoid pathway, which also leads to the production of anthocyanins and flavonols. Many flavonoids have antioxidant properties and may have beneficial effects for human health. PAs are found in the seeds and fruits of many plants. In apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh.), the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is most active in the skin, with the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and epicatechin acting as the initiating units for the synthesis of PA polymers. This study examined the genes involved in the production of PAs in three apple cultivars: two heritage apple cultivars, Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden, and a commercial cultivar, Royal Gala. HPLC analysis shows that tree-ripe fruit from Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden had a higher phenolic content than Royal Gala. Epicatechin and catechin biosynthesis is under the control of the biosynthetic enzymes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR1), respectively. Counter-intuitively, real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of Royal Gala LAR1 and ANR were significantly higher than those of both Devonshire Quarrenden and Hetlina. This suggests that a compensatory feedback mechanism may be active, whereby low concentrations of PAs may induce higher expression of gene transcripts. Further investigation is required into the regulation of these key enzymes in apple. Abbreviations:ANOVAanalysis of varianceANRanthocyanidin reductaseDADdiode array detectorDAFBdays after full bloomDFRdihydroflavonol reductaseLARleucoanthocyanidin reductaseLC-MSliquid chromatography/mass spectrometryPAproanthocyanidinqPCRreal-time quantitative PCR PMID:22859681

A Ten-Year Reflection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillip, Cyndi

2016-01-01

Five initiatives launched during Cyndi Phillip's term as American Association of School Librarians (AASL) President (2006-2007) continue to have an impact on school librarians ten years later. They include the rewriting of AASL's learning standards, introduction of the SKILLS Act, the presentation of the Crystal Apple Award to Scholastic Library…

7 CFR 51.310 - Packing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Packing requirements. 51.310 Section 51.310... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND.... (a) Apples tray packed or cell packed in cartons shall be arranged according to approved and...

Masticatory function in temporomandibular dysfunction patients: electromyographic evaluation.

PubMed

Berretin-Felix, Giédre; Genaro, Katia Flores; Trindade, Inge Elly Kiemle; Trindade Júnior, Alceu Sergio

2005-12-01

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a complex disturbance that involves the masticatory muscles and/or temporomandibular joint, causing damage to the masticatory function. This study evaluated the electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle during habitual mastication of bread, apple, banana, cashew nut and paraffin film (Parafilm M) in 25 adult subjects, of both gender, with TMD. The results were compared to those of a control group, composed of 15 adult subjects, of both sexes, free of signs and/or symptoms of TMD. The MYO-TRONICS Inc., K6-I computer software was used for electromyographic processing and analyzed the following parameters: duration of the act, duration of the masticatory cycle and number of cycles. No significant differences were found between subjects in the control group and individuals with TMD as to duration of the masticatory act and of the masticatory cycle, considering all materials used for mastication. The duration of the masticatory act and cycle was longer during mastication of paraffin film in both groups. The number of masticatory cycles was higher for mastication of apple in comparison to mastication of banana, in both groups. It can be concluded that the consistency of foods influences the duration parameters of the act, duration of the cycle and the number of masticatory cycles, and the behavior of the masticatory muscles in individuals with TMD during habitual mastication is similar to that verified in individuals without TMD.

Development of the First Cisgenic Apple with Increased Resistance to Fire Blight

PubMed Central

Kost, Thomas D.; Gessler, Cesare; Jänsch, Melanie; Flachowsky, Henryk; Patocchi, Andrea; Broggini, Giovanni A. L.

2015-01-01

The generation and selection of novel fire blight resistant apple genotypes would greatly improve the management of this devastating disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Such resistant genotypes are currently developed by conventional breeding, but novel breeding technologies including cisgenesis could be an alternative approach. A cisgenic apple line C44.4.146 was regenerated using the cisgene FB_MR5 from wild apple Malus ×robusta 5 (Mr5), and the previously established method involving A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the fire blight susceptible cultivar ‘Gala Galaxy’ using the binary vector p9-Dao-FLPi. The line C44.4.146 was shown to carry only the cisgene FB_MR5, controlled by its native regulatory sequences and no transgenes were detected by PCR or Southern blot following heat induced recombinase-mediated elimination of the selectable markers. Although this line contains up to 452 bp of vector sequences, it still matches the original definition of cisgenesis. A single insertion of T-DNA into the genome of 'Gala Galaxy' in chromosome 16 was identified. Transcription of FB_MR5 in line C44.4.146 was similar to the transcription in classically bred descendants of Mr5. Three independent shoot inoculation experiments with a Mr5 avirulent strain of Erwinia amylovora were performed using scissors or syringe. Significantly lower disease symptoms were detected on shoots of the cisgenic line compared to those of untransformed 'Gala Galaxy'. Despite the fact that the pathogen can overcome this resistance by a single nucleotide mutation, this is, to our knowledge, the first prototype of a cisgenic apple with increased resistance to fire blight. PMID:26624292

48 CFR 22.1001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... determination of minimum wages or fringe benefits made under sections 2(a) or 4(c) of the Act (41 U.S.C. 351(a... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 22.1001....1001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Act or Service Contract Act means the Service Contract Act...

Apple Procyanidins Suppress Amyloid β-Protein Aggregation

PubMed Central

Toda, Toshihiko; Sunagawa, Tadahiro; Kanda, Tomomasa; Tagashira, Motoyuki; Shirasawa, Takuji; Shimizu, Takahiko

2011-01-01

Procyanidins (PCs) are major components of the apple polyphenols (APs). We previously reported that treatment with PC extended the mean lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (Sunagawa et al., 2011). In order to estimate the neuroprotective effects of PC, we investigated the antiaggregative activity of PC on amyloid β-protein (Aβ) aggregation, which is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We herein report that PC significantly suppressed Aβ42 aggregation and dissociated Aβ42 aggregates in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that PC is a potent suppressor of Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, PC significantly inhibited Aβ42 neurotoxicity and stimulated proliferation in PC-12 cells. These results suggested that the PC and AP acted as neuroprotective factors against toxic Aβ aggregates. PMID:21826271

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles.

PubMed

Lokina, S; Stephen, A; Kaviyarasan, V; Arulvasu, C; Narayanan, V

2014-04-09

Bio-inspired silver nanoparticles are synthesized using Malus domestica (apple) extract. Polyphenols present in the apple extract act as a reducing and capping agent to produce the silver nanoparticles. UV-Visible analysis shows the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption at 420 nm. The FTIR analysis was used to identify the functional groups responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ion. The XRD and HRTEM images confirm the formation of silver nanoparticles. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles was recorded against most of the bacteria and fungus. Further, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line was employed to observe the efficacy of cancer cell killing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Convergence analysis of modulus-based matrix splitting iterative methods for implicit complementarity problems.

PubMed

Wang, An; Cao, Yang; Shi, Quan

2018-01-01

In this paper, we demonstrate a complete version of the convergence theory of the modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods for solving a class of implicit complementarity problems proposed by Hong and Li (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 23:629-641, 2016). New convergence conditions are presented when the system matrix is a positive-definite matrix and an [Formula: see text]-matrix, respectively.

"Theme" Bee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noel, Andrea M.; Cash, Julie Shornstein

2006-01-01

Thematic topics offer tremendous potential for science learning in the early grades and beyond. One second-grade class explored honeybees, a subject their teacher found both fascinating and easy to connect to a number of learning standards and science concepts. Her unit, "Honeybees and Apple Trees: A Close Look at Nature's Balancing Act," explored…

Apple miRNAs and tasiRNAs with novel regulatory networks

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory functions have been extensively characterized in model species but whether apple has evolved similar or unique regulatory features remains unknown. Results We performed deep small RNA-seq and identified 23 conserved, 10 less-conserved and 42 apple-specific miRNAs or families with distinct expression patterns. The identified miRNAs target 118 genes representing a wide range of enzymatic and regulatory activities. Apple also conserves two TAS gene families with similar but unique trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNA) biogenesis profiles and target specificities. Importantly, we found that miR159, miR828 and miR858 can collectively target up to 81 MYB genes potentially involved in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. These miRNA target sites are differentially conserved among MYBs, which is largely influenced by the location and conservation of the encoded amino acid residues in MYB factors. Finally, we found that 10 of the 19 miR828-targeted MYBs undergo small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis at the 3' cleaved, highly divergent transcript regions, generating over 100 sequence-distinct siRNAs that potentially target over 70 diverse genes as confirmed by degradome analysis. Conclusions Our work identified and characterized apple miRNAs, their expression patterns, targets and regulatory functions. We also discovered that three miRNAs and the ensuing siRNAs exploit both conserved and divergent sequence features of MYB genes to initiate distinct regulatory networks targeting a multitude of genes inside and outside the MYB family. PMID:22704043

Apple (Malus domestica) MdERF2 negatively affects ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening by suppressing MdACS1 transcription.

PubMed

Li, Tong; Jiang, Zhongyu; Zhang, Lichao; Tan, Dongmei; Wei, Yun; Yuan, Hui; Li, Tianlai; Wang, Aide

2016-12-01

Ripening in climacteric fruit requires the gaseous phytohormone ethylene. Although ethylene signaling has been well studied, knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis is still limited. Here we show that an apple (Malus domestica) ethylene response factor, MdERF2, negatively affects ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening by suppressing the transcription of MdACS1, a gene that is critical for biosynthesis of ripening-related ethylene. Expression of MdERF2 was suppressed by ethylene during ripening of apple fruit, and we observed that MdERF2 bound to the promoter of MdACS1 and directly suppressed its transcription. Moreover, MdERF2 suppressed the activity of the promoter of MdERF3, a transcription factor that we found to bind to the MdACS1 promoter, thereby increasing MdACS1 transcription. We determined that the MdERF2 and MdERF3 proteins directly interact, and this interaction suppresses the binding of MdERF3 to the MdACS1 promoter. Moreover, apple fruit with transiently downregulated MdERF2 expression showed higher ethylene production and faster ripening. Our results indicate that MdERF2 negatively affects ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in apple by suppressing the transcription of MdACS1 via multiple mechanisms, thereby acting as an antagonist of positive ripening regulators. Our findings offer a deep understanding of the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during climacteric fruit ripening. © 2016 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

43 CFR 2.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Department or a bureau thereof, including, but not limited to, education, financial transactions, medical... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 2.46 Section 2.46 Public... ACT Privacy Act § 2.46 Definitions. (a) Act. As used in this subpart, “Act” means section 3 of the...

Innovation, Motherhood, and Apple Pie. Brown Center Letters on Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitehurst, Grover

2009-01-01

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 authorized the Secretary of Education to establish a $650 million Innovation Fund to expand the work of schools that have made gains in closing achievement gaps. With growing discussion and considerable money heading in the direction of innovation, Grover "Russ" Whitehurst provides recommendations…

21 CFR 11.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 11.3 Section 11.3 Food and Drugs FOOD...; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES General Provisions § 11.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions and interpretations of terms... definitions of terms also apply to this part: (1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs...

21 CFR 11.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 11.3 Section 11.3 Food and Drugs FOOD...; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES General Provisions § 11.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions and interpretations of terms... definitions of terms also apply to this part: (1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs...

28 CFR 3.1 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition. 3.1 Section 3.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GAMBLING DEVICES § 3.1 Definition. For the purpose of this part, the term Act means the Act of January 2, 1951, 64 Stat. 1134, as amended by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962...

28 CFR 3.1 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition. 3.1 Section 3.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GAMBLING DEVICES § 3.1 Definition. For the purpose of this part, the term Act means the Act of January 2, 1951, 64 Stat. 1134, as amended by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962...

28 CFR 3.1 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definition. 3.1 Section 3.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GAMBLING DEVICES § 3.1 Definition. For the purpose of this part, the term Act means the Act of January 2, 1951, 64 Stat. 1134, as amended by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962...

28 CFR 3.1 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definition. 3.1 Section 3.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GAMBLING DEVICES § 3.1 Definition. For the purpose of this part, the term Act means the Act of January 2, 1951, 64 Stat. 1134, as amended by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962...

28 CFR 3.1 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definition. 3.1 Section 3.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GAMBLING DEVICES § 3.1 Definition. For the purpose of this part, the term Act means the Act of January 2, 1951, 64 Stat. 1134, as amended by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962...

29 CFR 553.3 - Coverage-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... definitions already in the Act were modified by the 1974 Amendments. The definition of the term “employer” was... public agencies. The definition of “enterprise” contained in section 3(r) of the Act was modified to... engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce” defined in section 3(s) of the Act was...

45 CFR 402.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 402.2 Section 402.2 Public Welfare... § 402.2 Definitions. As used in this part— The Act means the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986... secondary school, services allowable under section 607 of the Emergency Immigrant Education Act, 20 U.S.C...

High-pressure processing of apple juice: kinetics of pectin methyl esterase inactivation.

PubMed

Riahi, Esmaeil; Ramaswamy, Hosahalli S

2003-01-01

High-pressure (HP) inactivation kinetics of pectin methyl esterase (PME) in apple juice were evaluated. Commercial PME was dispensed in clarified apple juice, sealed in dual peel sterilizable plastic bags, and subjected to different high-pressure processing conditions (200-400 MPa, 0-180 min). Residual enzyme activity was determined by a titration method estimating the rate of free carboxyl group released by the enzyme acting on pectin substrate at pH 7.5 (30 degrees C). The effects of pressure level and pressure holding time on enzyme inactivation were significant (p < 0.05). PME from the microbial source was found to be more resistant (p < 0.05) to pressure inactivation than PME from the orange peel. Almost a full decimal reduction in the activity of commercial PME was achieved by HP treatment at 400 MPa for 25 min. Inactivation kinetics were evaluated on the basis of a dual effect model involving a pressure pulse effect and a first-order rate model, and the pressure sensitivity of rate constants was modeled by using the z-value concept.

44 CFR 151.03 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Definitions. 151.03 Section 151.03 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND..., Scope, Definitions § 151.03 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act...

44 CFR 151.03 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 151.03 Section 151.03 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND..., Scope, Definitions § 151.03 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act...

44 CFR 151.03 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 151.03 Section 151.03 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND..., Scope, Definitions § 151.03 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act...

44 CFR 151.03 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 151.03 Section 151.03 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND..., Scope, Definitions § 151.03 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act...

44 CFR 151.03 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 151.03 Section 151.03 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND..., Scope, Definitions § 151.03 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act...

31 CFR 50.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.5 Definitions. For purposes of this Part: (a) Act means the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. (b) Act of terrorism—(1) In general. The term act of terrorism means any act that is certified by...

31 CFR 50.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.5 Definitions. For purposes of this Part: (a) Act means the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. (b) Act of terrorism—(1) In general. The term act of terrorism means any act that is certified by...

31 CFR 50.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.5 Definitions. For purposes of this Part: (a) Act means the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. (b) Act of terrorism—(1) In general. The term act of terrorism means any act that is certified by...

31 CFR 50.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE PROGRAM General Provisions § 50.5 Definitions. For purposes of this Part: (a) Act means the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. (b) Act of terrorism—(1) In general. The term act of terrorism means any act that is certified by...

45 CFR 503.1 - Definitions-Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions-Privacy Act. 503.1 Section 503.1... THE UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RULES OF PRACTICE PRIVACY ACT AND GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE REGULATIONS Privacy Act Regulations § 503.1 Definitions—Privacy Act. For the purpose of this part: Agency...

45 CFR 503.1 - Definitions-Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions-Privacy Act. 503.1 Section 503.1... THE UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RULES OF PRACTICE PRIVACY ACT AND GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE REGULATIONS Privacy Act Regulations § 503.1 Definitions—Privacy Act. For the purpose of this part: Agency...

45 CFR 503.1 - Definitions-Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions-Privacy Act. 503.1 Section 503.1... THE UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RULES OF PRACTICE PRIVACY ACT AND GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE REGULATIONS Privacy Act Regulations § 503.1 Definitions—Privacy Act. For the purpose of this part: Agency...

45 CFR 503.1 - Definitions-Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions-Privacy Act. 503.1 Section 503.1... THE UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RULES OF PRACTICE PRIVACY ACT AND GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE REGULATIONS Privacy Act Regulations § 503.1 Definitions—Privacy Act. For the purpose of this part: Agency...

45 CFR 503.1 - Definitions-Privacy Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions-Privacy Act. 503.1 Section 503.1... THE UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RULES OF PRACTICE PRIVACY ACT AND GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE REGULATIONS Privacy Act Regulations § 503.1 Definitions—Privacy Act. For the purpose of this part: Agency...

20 CFR 606.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TAX CREDITS UNDER THE FEDERAL UNEMPLOYMENT TAX ACT; ADVANCES UNDER TITLE XII OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT General § 606.3 Definitions. For the purposes of the Acts cited and this part— (a) Act means as appropriate the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (26...

An apple oligogalactan suppresses endotoxin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by inhibition of LPS pathways.

PubMed

Li, Yuhua; Fan, Lei; Sun, Yang; Zhang, Dian; Yue, Zhenggang; Niu, Yinbo; Meng, Jin; Yang, Tiehong; Liu, Wenchao; Mei, Qibing

2013-10-01

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. Many ingredients of apples have been proven to have anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic characteristics, and show benefits for CRC prevention. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate inhibitory effect of an apple oligogalactan (AOG) on pro-inflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 and SW-620 and investigate the possible mechanisms. The two cell lines were pretreated with AOG (0.1-1 g/L) for 30 min and then treated with 10 μg/mL LPS. Real time PCR, Western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and ELISA were used to detect the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. AOG significantly inhibited the expression and activity of COX-2 in LPS-activated human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 and SW-620. The mechanisms of AOG-suppressed COX-2 expression may be through inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. These data may provide another molecular basis for understanding how apples act to prevent CRC and indicate that AOG may be useful for treatment of colitis and prevention of carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Veterans and Homelessness

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

definition of “homeless individual” under McKinney-Vento. The Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing ( HEARTH ) Act was enacted...as part of the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-22) on May 20, 2009. The changes in the HEARTH Act were to take effect at the...definition of homelessness, continue in place.10 The HEARTH Act amended Section 103(a) of McKinney-Vento to broaden the definition of homeless individuals

14 CFR 399.73 - Definition of small business for Regulatory Flexibility Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of small business for Regulatory... Rulemaking Proceedings § 399.73 Definition of small business for Regulatory Flexibility Act. For the purposes... Flexibility Act), a direct air carrier or foreign air carrier is a small business if it provides air...

Existence and Hadamard well-posedness of a system of simultaneous generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenyan; Zeng, Jing

2017-01-01

An existence result for the solution set of a system of simultaneous generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems (for short, (SSGVQEP)) is obtained, which improves Theorem 3.1 of the work of Ansari et al. (J. Optim. Theory Appl. 127:27-44, 2005). Moreover, a definition of Hadamard-type well-posedness for (SSGVQEP) is introduced and sufficient conditions for Hadamard well-posedness of (SSGVQEP) are established.

An Adaptive Shifted Power Method for Computing Generalized Tensor Eigenpairs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kolda, Tamara G.; Mayo, Jackson R.

2014-12-11

Several tensor eigenpair definitions have been put forth in the past decade, but these can all be unified under generalized tensor eigenpair framework, introduced by Chang, Pearson, and Zhang [J. Math. Anal. Appl., 350 (2009), pp. 416--422]. Given mth-order, n-dimensional real-valued symmetric tensorsmore » $${\\mathscr{A}}$$ and $$\\boldsymbol{\\mathscr{B}}$$, the goal is to find $$\\lambda \\in \\mathbb{R}$$ and $$\\mathbf{x} \\in \\mathbb{R}^{n}, \\mathbf{x} \

Transcriptomic analysis of molecular responses in Malus domestica 'M26' roots affected by apple replant disease.

PubMed

Weiß, Stefan; Bartsch, Melanie; Winkelmann, Traud

2017-06-01

Gene expression studies in roots of apple replant disease affected plants suggested defense reactions towards biotic stress to occur which did not lead to adequate responses to the biotic stressors. Apple replant disease (ARD) leads to growth inhibition and fruit yield reduction in replanted populations and results in economic losses for tree nurseries and fruit producers. The etiology is not well understood on a molecular level and causal agents show a great diversity indicating that no definitive cause, which applies to the majority of cases, has been found out yet. Hence, it is pivotal to gain a better understanding of the molecular and physiological reactions of the plant when affected by ARD and later to overcome the disease, for example by developing tolerant rootstocks. For the first time, gene expression was investigated in roots of ARD affected plants employing massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE) and RT-qPCR. In reaction to ARD, genes in secondary metabolite production as well as plant defense, regulatory and signaling genes were upregulated whereas for several genes involved in primary metabolism lower expression was detected. For internal verification of MACE data, candidate genes were tested via RT-qPCR and a strong positive correlation between both datasets was observed. Comparison of apple 'M26' roots cultivated in ARD soil or γ-irradiated ARD soil suggests that typical defense reactions towards biotic stress take place in ARD affected plants but they did not allow responding to the biotic stressors attack adequately, leading to the observed growth depressions in ARD variants.

10 CFR 820.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 820.2 Section 820.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR DOE NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES General § 820.2 Definitions. (a) The following definitions apply to this part: Act or AEA means the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Administrative Law...

40 CFR 143.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS § 143.2 Definitions. (a) Act means the Safe Drinking Water Act as... corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded from this definition. [44 FR 42198... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 143.2 Section 143.2...

31 CFR 561.312 - Act of international terrorism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Act of international terrorism. 561... General Definitions § 561.312 Act of international terrorism. For purposes of this part, the term act of international terrorism has the same definition as that provided under section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of...

Mixtures of wine, essential oils, and plant polyphenolics do not act synergistically against Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella enterica

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Red wine or fortified red wine formulations containing some various essential oils from oregano or thyme or their pure active components, and a mixture of plant extract powders from apple skin, green tea, and olive, were evaluated for inhibitory activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia c...

Action, an "Encompassing Ethic" and Academics in the Midst of the Climate Crisis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plowright, Susan

2016-01-01

In the midst of a crisis like the climate crisis and calls for "all hands on deck", what do academics, as a microcosm of humanity, see? In Hannah Arendt's terms, an "abyss of freedom" to act or a paralysing "abyss of nothingness"? Some from the academy themselves, including Tamboukou, Apple and Bourdieu, make…

Hammond Workforce 2000: A Three-Year Project. October 1989 to September 1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyers, Arthur S.; Somerville, Deborah J.

A 3-year Library Services and Construction Act grant project from 1989-1992 provided for adult learning centers, equipped with Apple IIGS computers and software at each location of the Hammond Public Library (Indiana). User-friendly, job-based software to strengthen reading, writing, mathematics, spelling, and grammar skills, as well as video and…

Unravelling the contribution of the Penicillium expansum PeSte12 transcription factor to virulence during apple fruit infection.

PubMed

Sánchez-Torres, Paloma; Vilanova, Laura; Ballester, Ana Rosa; López-Pérez, Mario; Teixidó, Neus; Viñas, Inmaculada; Usall, Josep; González-Candelas, Luis; Torres, Rosario

2018-02-01

Blue mould disease caused by Penicillium expansum infection is one of the most important diseases of pome fruit accounting for important economic losses. In the present study, the PeSte12 transcription factor gene was identified, and deletant mutants were produced by gene replacement. Knockout mutants showed a significant decrease of virulence during apple fruit infection. Virulence was affected by the maturity stage of the fruit (immature, mature and over-mature), and disease severity was notably reduced when the apples were stored at 0 °C. The ΔPeSte12 mutants resulted defective in asexual reproduction, producing less conidia, but this characteristic did not correlate with differences in microscopic morphology. In addition, the ΔPeSte12 mutants produced higher quantity of hydrogen peroxide than the wild type strain. Gene expression analysis revealed that PeSte12 was induced over time during apple infection compared to axenic growth, particularly from 2 dpi, reinforcing its role in virulence. Analysis of transcriptional abundance of several genes in ΔPeSte12 mutants showed that in most of the evaluated genes, PeSte12 seemed to act as a negative regulator during axenic growth, as most of them exhibited an increasing expression pattern along the time period evaluated. The highest expression values corresponded to detoxification, ATPase activity, protein folding and basic metabolism. Gene expression analysis during apple infection showed that 3 out of 9 analysed genes were up regulated; thus, PeSte12 seemed to exert a positive control to particular type of aldolase. These results demonstrate the PeSte12 transcription factor could play an important role in P. expansum's virulence and asexual reproduction. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Family and Medical Leave Act; Definition of Spouse. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-04-08

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is revising the definition of spouse in its regulations on the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) as a result of the decision by the United States Supreme Court holding section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional. The new definition replaces the existing definition, which contains language from DOMA that refers to "a legal union between one man and one woman.'' The new definition permits Federal employees with same-sex spouses to use FMLA leave in the same manner as Federal employees with opposite-sex spouses.

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

45 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES UNDER THE LEADERSHIP ACT § 89.2 Definitions. For the purposes of this part... person. Leadership Act means the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act... Leadership Act funds for HIV/AIDS programs directly or indirectly from HHS. Sex trafficking means the...

40 CFR 256.06 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 256.06 Definitions. Terms not defined below have the meanings assigned them by section 1004 of the Act. The Act means the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act... resource recovery system or component thereof, any system, program or facility for resource conservation...

40 CFR 256.06 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 256.06 Definitions. Terms not defined below have the meanings assigned them by section 1004 of the Act. The Act means the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act... resource recovery system or component thereof, any system, program or facility for resource conservation...

40 CFR 256.06 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... § 256.06 Definitions. Terms not defined below have the meanings assigned them by section 1004 of the Act. The Act means the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act... resource recovery system or component thereof, any system, program or facility for resource conservation...

40 CFR 256.06 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 256.06 Definitions. Terms not defined below have the meanings assigned them by section 1004 of the Act. The Act means the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act... resource recovery system or component thereof, any system, program or facility for resource conservation...

40 CFR 256.06 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... § 256.06 Definitions. Terms not defined below have the meanings assigned them by section 1004 of the Act. The Act means the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act... resource recovery system or component thereof, any system, program or facility for resource conservation...

17 CFR 230.133 - Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer”, “offer to sell”, and “offer...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of âsaleâ, âofferâ, âoffer to sellâ, and âoffer for saleâ. 230.133 Section 230.133..., SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.133 Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer...

17 CFR 230.133 - Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer”, “offer to sell”, and “offer...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of âsaleâ, âofferâ, âoffer to sellâ, and âoffer for saleâ. 230.133 Section 230.133..., SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.133 Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer...

77 FR 6138 - Draft Policy on Interpretation of the Phrase “Significant Portion of Its Range” in the Endangered...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... Portion of Its Range'' in the Endangered Species Act's Definitions of ``Endangered Species'' and... interpreting the phrase ``significant portion of its range'' in the Endangered Species Act's (Act's...'' in the Act's definitions of ``endangered species'' and ``threatened species'' will consider...

Digital Course Materials: A Case Study of the Apple iPad in the Academic Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Andrea H.; Bush, Michael H.

2011-01-01

The newness of the iPad device creates a phenomenon unique and unstudied in the academic environment. By merging the innovations of electronic text, e-reader, and multi-modal functionality, the iPad tablet device can act as an e-reader providing digital course materials as well as a range of other supplementary academic applications. This…

Analysis of Pendulum Period with an iPod Touch/iPhone

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Briggle, Justin

2013-01-01

We describe the use of Apple's iPod touch/iPhone, acting as the pendulum bob, as a means of measuring pendulum period, making use of the device's three-axis digital accelerometer and the freely available SPARKvue app from PASCO scientific. The method can be readily incorporated into an introductory physics laboratory experiment.…

16 CFR 1115.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD REPORTS General Interpretation § 1115.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions given... Sunshine Act, 16 CFR part 1012. (c) Noncompliance means the failure of a consumer product to comply with an...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

40 CFR 131.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... General Provisions § 131.3 Definitions. (a) The Act means the Clean Water Act (Pub. L. 92-500, as amended... under section 307(a) of the Act. (e) Existing uses are those uses actually attained in the water body on... effluent limitations required by sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (i) Water quality standards are...

Early Induction of Apple Fruitlet Abscission Is Characterized by an Increase of Both Isoprene Emission and Abscisic Acid Content12[W][OA

PubMed Central

Giulia, Eccher; Alessandro, Botton; Mariano, Dimauro; Andrea, Boschetti; Benedetto, Ruperti; Angelo, Ramina

2013-01-01

Apple (Malus domestica) fruitlet abscission represents an interesting model system to study the early phases of the shedding process, during which major transcriptomic changes and metabolic rearrangements occur within the fruit. In apple, the drop of fruits at different positions within the cluster can be selectively magnified through chemical thinners, such as benzyladenine and metamitron, acting as abscission enhancers. In this study, different abscission potentials were obtained within the apple fruitlet population by means of the above-cited thinners. A metabolomic study was conducted on the volatile organic compounds emitted by abscising fruitlets, allowing for identification of isoprene as an early marker of abscission induction. A strong correlation was also observed between isoprene production and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the fruit cortex, which were shown to increase in abscising fruitlets with respect to nonabscising ones. Transcriptomic evidence indicated that abscission-related ABA is biologically active, and its increased biosynthesis is associated with the induction of a specific ABA-responsive 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene. According to a hypothetical model, ABA may transiently cooperate with other hormones and secondary messengers in the generation of an intrafruit signal leading to the downstream activation of the abscission zone. The shedding process therefore appears to be triggered by multiple interdependent pathways, whose fine regulation, exerted within a very short temporal window by both endogenous and exogenous factors, determines the final destiny of the fruitlets. PMID:23444344

17 CFR 270.3c-3 - Definition of certain terms used in section 3(c)(1) of the Act with respect to certain debt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of certain terms used in section 3(c)(1) of the Act with respect to certain debt securities offered by small business... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) RULES AND REGULATIONS, INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 § 270.3c-3 Definition of certain...

17 CFR 230.133 - Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer”, “offer to sell”, and “offer...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition for purposes of... Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.133 Definition for purposes of section 5 of the Act, of “sale”, “offer...

Quasistatic Evolution in Perfect Plasticity for General Heterogeneous Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solombrino, Francesco

2014-04-01

Inspired by some recent developments in the theory of small-strain heterogeneous elastoplasticity, we both revisit and generalize the formulation of the quasistatic evolutionary problem in perfect plasticity given by Francfort and Giacomini (Commun Pure Appl Math, 65:1185-1241, 2012). We show that their definition of the plastic dissipation measure is equivalent to an abstract one, where it is defined as the supremum of the dualities between the deviatoric parts of admissible stress fields and the plastic strains. By means of this abstract definition, a viscoplastic approximation and variational techniques from the theory of rate-independent processes give the existence of an evolution satisfying an energy-dissipation balance and consequently Hill's maximum plastic work principle for an abstract and very large class of yield conditions.

12 CFR 792.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND PRIVACY ACT, AND BY SUBPOENA; SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION The Privacy Act § 792.53 Definitions. For...

12 CFR 792.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND PRIVACY ACT, AND BY SUBPOENA; SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION The Privacy Act § 792.53 Definitions. For...

12 CFR 792.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND PRIVACY ACT, AND BY SUBPOENA; SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION The Privacy Act § 792.53 Definitions. For...

12 CFR 792.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND PRIVACY ACT, AND BY SUBPOENA; SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION The Privacy Act § 792.53 Definitions. For...

12 CFR 792.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND PRIVACY ACT, AND BY SUBPOENA; SECURITY PROCEDURES FOR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION The Privacy Act § 792.53 Definitions. For...

40 CFR 35.3505 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Drinking Water State Revolving Funds § 35.3505 Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this subpart: Act. The Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93-523), as amended in 1996... State's bank. CWSRF program. Each State's clean water state revolving fund program authorized under...

40 CFR 35.3505 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Drinking Water State Revolving Funds § 35.3505 Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this subpart: Act. The Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93-523), as amended in 1996... State's bank. CWSRF program. Each State's clean water state revolving fund program authorized under...

24 CFR 573.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES LOAN GUARANTEE RECOVERY FUND § 573.2 Definitions. The following definitions are only... Investigation, shall determine whether an act of violence is a terrorist act or is reasonably believed to be a...

24 CFR 573.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES LOAN GUARANTEE RECOVERY FUND § 573.2 Definitions. The following definitions are only... Investigation, shall determine whether an act of violence is a terrorist act or is reasonably believed to be a...

40 CFR 220.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 220.2 Section 220.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING GENERAL § 220.2 Definitions. As used in this subchapter H: (a) Act means the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act...

29 CFR 1922.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) INVESTIGATIONAL HEARINGS UNDER SECTION 41 OF THE LONGSHOREMEN'S AND HARBOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION ACT § 1922.1 Definitions. (a) Act means the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. (b) Board means the Board...

25 CFR 30.101 - What definitions apply to terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PROGRESS § 30.101 What definitions apply to terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 30.101 - What definitions apply to terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PROGRESS § 30.101 What definitions apply to terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 30.101 - What definitions apply to terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PROGRESS § 30.101 What definitions apply to terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 30.101 - What definitions apply to terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PROGRESS § 30.101 What definitions apply to terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 30.101 - What definitions apply to terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROGRESS § 30.101 What definitions apply to terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

16 CFR 1302.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS BAN OF EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE CONTACT ADHESIVES § 1302.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052) apply to this part 1302. (b) The term extremely flammable contact...

16 CFR 1302.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS BAN OF EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE CONTACT ADHESIVES § 1302.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052) apply to this part 1302. (b) The term extremely flammable contact...

17 CFR 145.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... INFORMATION § 145.0 Definitions. For the purposes of part 145 the following definitions are applicable: Assistant Secretary—refers to the Assistant Secretary of the Commission for FOI, Privacy and Sunshine Acts Compliance. Compliance staff—refers to the FOI, Privacy and Sunshine Acts Compliance staff of the Office of...

29 CFR 1904.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Definitions § 1904.46 Definitions. The Act. The Act... offices, terminals, stations, etc. that either supervise such activities or are the base from which... § 1904.30(b)(3). Injury or illness. An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries...

29 CFR 1904.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Definitions § 1904.46 Definitions. The Act. The Act... offices, terminals, stations, etc. that either supervise such activities or are the base from which... § 1904.30(b)(3). Injury or illness. An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries...

29 CFR 1904.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Definitions § 1904.46 Definitions. The Act. The Act... offices, terminals, stations, etc. that either supervise such activities or are the base from which... § 1904.30(b)(3). Injury or illness. An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries...

29 CFR 1904.46 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Definitions § 1904.46 Definitions. The Act. The Act... offices, terminals, stations, etc. that either supervise such activities or are the base from which... § 1904.30(b)(3). Injury or illness. An injury or illness is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries...

19 CFR 358.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 358.102 Section 358.102 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SUPPLIES FOR USE IN EMERGENCY RELIEF WORK § 358.102 Definitions. For purposes of this part: Act means the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended...

28 CFR 42.702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION; EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICIES AND... of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 General Provisions § 42.702 Definitions. As used in this subpart, the term: Act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6101-6107. Action...

25 CFR 37.101 - What definitions apply to the terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... BOUNDARIES § 37.101 What definitions apply to the terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 37.101 - What definitions apply to the terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... BOUNDARIES § 37.101 What definitions apply to the terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 37.101 - What definitions apply to the terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... BOUNDARIES § 37.101 What definitions apply to the terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

25 CFR 37.101 - What definitions apply to the terms in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... BOUNDARIES § 37.101 What definitions apply to the terms in this part? Act means the No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law 107-110, enacted January 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act reauthorizes and amends the...

29 CFR 1905.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970 General § 1905.2 Definitions. As used in this part, unless the context clearly requires otherwise— (a) Act means the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act... Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR RULES OF...

29 CFR 1621.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-THE EQUAL PAY ACT § 1621.2 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the term the Act shall mean the Equal Pay Act the Commission shall mean the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or any of its designated representatives. ...

10 CFR 9.13 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS Freedom of Information Act Regulations § 9.13 Definitions. Agency record means a... business; or (4) Non-substantive information in logs or schedule books of the Chairman or Commissioners.... Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Officer means the NRC official designated to fulfill the...

10 CFR 9.13 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS Freedom of Information Act Regulations § 9.13 Definitions. Agency record means a... business; or (4) Non-substantive information in logs or schedule books of the Chairman or Commissioners.... Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Officer means the NRC official designated to fulfill the...

10 CFR 9.13 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS Freedom of Information Act Regulations § 9.13 Definitions. Agency record means a... business; or (4) Non-substantive information in logs or schedule books of the Chairman or Commissioners.... Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Officer means the NRC official designated to fulfill the...

10 CFR 9.13 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS Freedom of Information Act Regulations § 9.13 Definitions. Agency record means a... business; or (4) Non-substantive information in logs or schedule books of the Chairman or Commissioners.... Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Officer means the NRC official designated to fulfill the...

10 CFR 9.13 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... COMMISSION PUBLIC RECORDS Freedom of Information Act Regulations § 9.13 Definitions. Agency record means a... business; or (4) Non-substantive information in logs or schedule books of the Chairman or Commissioners.... Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Officer means the NRC official designated to fulfill the...

48 CFR 702.170-7 - Foreign Assistance Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Foreign Assistance Act. 702.170-7 Section 702.170-7 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions 702.170-7 Foreign Assistance Act. Foreign...

7 CFR 900.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Conduct of Referenda in Connection With Marketing Orders for Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts Pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as Amended § 900.401 Definitions. (a) Act means Public Act No. 10...

To Design or Not to Design (Part Two): The There Is a Problem with the Word ’Problem;’ How Unique Vocabulary Is Essential to Conceptual Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-11

apple cells. Similarly, disbanding the Iraqi military instrument of power in 2003 had no meaning at the tactical level for insurgent organization...Action; A short Definitive Account of Soft Systems Methodology and its use for Practitioners, Teachers, and Students. (England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd...to Problematizing; Questions in the Writing Classroom (Fablex Linguas, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brasil , 2009: http://freireproject.org/forum/problem

Key Points in Learning Forward's Definition of Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Staff Development, 2010

2010-01-01

This article provides Learning Forward's definition of professional development. Learning Forward is seeking legislative amendments to include its definition in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. These amendments will clarify what practices qualify for federal, state, and district…

36 CFR 222.20 - Authority and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... RANGE MANAGEMENT Management of Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros § 222.20 Authority and definitions... also use lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a part of their habitat, the Chief... Bureau of Land Management in administering the animals. (b) Definitions. (1) Act means the Act of...

36 CFR 222.60 - Authority and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... RANGE MANAGEMENT Management of Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros § 222.60 Authority and definitions... also use lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a part of their habitat, the Chief... Bureau of Land Management in administering the animals. (b) Definitions. (1) Act means the Act of...

36 CFR 222.20 - Authority and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... RANGE MANAGEMENT Management of Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros § 222.20 Authority and definitions... also use lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a part of their habitat, the Chief... Bureau of Land Management in administering the animals. (b) Definitions. (1) Act means the Act of...

36 CFR 222.20 - Authority and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... RANGE MANAGEMENT Management of Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros § 222.20 Authority and definitions... also use lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a part of their habitat, the Chief... Bureau of Land Management in administering the animals. (b) Definitions. (1) Act means the Act of...

36 CFR 222.60 - Authority and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... RANGE MANAGEMENT Management of Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros § 222.60 Authority and definitions... also use lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a part of their habitat, the Chief... Bureau of Land Management in administering the animals. (b) Definitions. (1) Act means the Act of...

10 CFR 1705.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 1705.02 Section 1705.02 Energy DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD PRIVACY ACT § 1705.02 Definitions. The following terms used in these regulations are defined in the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a): agency, individual, maintain, record, system of...

16 CFR § 1302.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS BAN OF EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE CONTACT ADHESIVES § 1302.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052) apply to this part 1302. (b) The term extremely flammable contact...

10 CFR 961.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 961.3 Section 961.3 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDARD CONTRACT FOR DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL AND/OR HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE General § 961.3 Definitions. For purposes of this part— Act means the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Public...

10 CFR 961.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 961.3 Section 961.3 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDARD CONTRACT FOR DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL AND/OR HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE General § 961.3 Definitions. For purposes of this part— Act means the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Public...

10 CFR 961.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 961.3 Section 961.3 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDARD CONTRACT FOR DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL AND/OR HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE General § 961.3 Definitions. For purposes of this part— Act means the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Public...

29 CFR 519.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applicable child-labor laws,” among other things, restricts the employment in a retail or service... establishment as defined in section 13(a)(2) of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The statutory definition is... 3(f) of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The statutory definition is interpreted in part 780 of this...

11 CFR 1.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1.2 Section 1.2 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRIVACY ACT § 1.2 Definitions. As defined in the Privacy Act of 1974 and for... that is maintained by an agency, including but not limited to his or her education, financial...

11 CFR 1.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 11 Federal Elections 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 1.2 Section 1.2 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRIVACY ACT § 1.2 Definitions. As defined in the Privacy Act of 1974 and for... that is maintained by an agency, including but not limited to his or her education, financial...

9 CFR 166.1 - Definitions in alphabetical order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION General Provisions § 166.1 Definitions... by definitions in a standard dictionary. Act. The Swine Health Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-468) as... cooked as a food for swine and which are fenced in or otherwise constructed so that swine are unable to...

9 CFR 166.1 - Definitions in alphabetical order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION General Provisions § 166.1 Definitions... by definitions in a standard dictionary. Act. The Swine Health Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-468) as... cooked as a food for swine and which are fenced in or otherwise constructed so that swine are unable to...

9 CFR 166.1 - Definitions in alphabetical order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION General Provisions § 166.1 Definitions... by definitions in a standard dictionary. Act. The Swine Health Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-468) as... cooked as a food for swine and which are fenced in or otherwise constructed so that swine are unable to...

9 CFR 166.1 - Definitions in alphabetical order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION General Provisions § 166.1 Definitions... by definitions in a standard dictionary. Act. The Swine Health Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-468) as... cooked as a food for swine and which are fenced in or otherwise constructed so that swine are unable to...

22 CFR 304.1 - Scope; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Scope; definitions. 304.1 Section 304.1 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS CLAIMS AGAINST GOVERNMENT UNDER FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT General Provisions § 304.1 Scope; definitions. (a) This subpart applies to claims asserted under the Federal Tort Claims Act, as...

22 CFR 304.1 - Scope; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Scope; definitions. 304.1 Section 304.1 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS CLAIMS AGAINST GOVERNMENT UNDER FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT General Provisions § 304.1 Scope; definitions. (a) This subpart applies to claims asserted under the Federal Tort Claims Act, as...

10 CFR 1705.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 1705.02 Section 1705.02 Energy DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD PRIVACY ACT § 1705.02 Definitions. The following terms used in these regulations are defined in the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a): agency, individual, maintain, record, system of...

10 CFR 1705.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 1705.02 Section 1705.02 Energy DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD PRIVACY ACT § 1705.02 Definitions. The following terms used in these regulations are defined in the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a): agency, individual, maintain, record, system of...

18 CFR 740.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 740.2 Section 740.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL STATE WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROGRAM § 740.2 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Planning Act (as amended), Pub. L. 89...

18 CFR 740.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 740.2 Section 740.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL STATE WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROGRAM § 740.2 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Planning Act (as amended), Pub. L. 89...

18 CFR 740.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 740.2 Section 740.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL STATE WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROGRAM § 740.2 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Planning Act (as amended), Pub. L. 89...

18 CFR 740.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Definitions. 740.2 Section 740.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL STATE WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROGRAM § 740.2 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Planning Act (as amended), Pub. L. 89...

18 CFR 740.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 740.2 Section 740.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL STATE WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROGRAM § 740.2 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Planning Act (as amended), Pub. L. 89...

25 CFR 900.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Definitions § 900.6 Definitions. Unless otherwise provided in this part: Act means secs. 1 through 9, and title I of the Indian Self... officers. BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Contract means a self...

25 CFR 900.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Definitions § 900.6 Definitions. Unless otherwise provided in this part: Act means secs. 1 through 9, and title I of the Indian Self... officers. BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Contract means a self...

21 CFR 807.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 807.3 Section 807.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... Provisions § 807.3 Definitions. (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. (b) Commercial...

21 CFR 807.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 807.3 Section 807.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... Provisions § 807.3 Definitions. (a) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. (b) Commercial...

42 CFR 56.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 56.102 Section 56.102 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR MIGRANT HEALTH SERVICES General Provisions § 56.102 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) Act means the Public Health Service Act...

15 CFR 270.2 - Definitions used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS General § 270.2 Definitions used in this part. The following definitions are applicable to this part: Act. The National Construction Safety Team Act (Pub. L. 107-231, 116 Stat. 1471...

15 CFR 270.2 - Definitions used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS General § 270.2 Definitions used in this part. The following definitions are applicable to this part: Act. The National Construction Safety Team Act (Pub. L. 107-231, 116 Stat. 1471...

15 CFR 270.2 - Definitions used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS General § 270.2 Definitions used in this part. The following definitions are applicable to this part: Act. The National Construction Safety Team Act (Pub. L. 107-231, 116 Stat. 1471...

15 CFR 270.2 - Definitions used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS General § 270.2 Definitions used in this part. The following definitions are applicable to this part: Act. The National Construction Safety Team Act (Pub. L. 107-231, 116 Stat. 1471...

15 CFR 270.2 - Definitions used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TEAMS General § 270.2 Definitions used in this part. The following definitions are applicable to this part: Act. The National Construction Safety Team Act (Pub. L. 107-231, 116 Stat. 1471...

10 CFR 1705.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1705.02 Section 1705.02 Energy DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD PRIVACY ACT § 1705.02 Definitions. The following terms used in these regulations are defined in the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a): agency, individual, maintain, record, system of...

10 CFR 1705.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 1705.02 Section 1705.02 Energy DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD PRIVACY ACT § 1705.02 Definitions. The following terms used in these regulations are defined in the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a): agency, individual, maintain, record, system of...

28 CFR 29.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION ACT REGULATIONS § 29.2 Definitions. For the purposes of this part: (a) The Act or the MVTPA means the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act. (b) Owner... used automobile dealerships. (c) The Program refers to the National Voluntary Motor Vehicle Theft...

45 CFR 1386.19 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 1386.25 of this part the following definitions apply: Abuse means any act or failure to act which was... such acts as: Verbal, nonverbal, mental and emotional harassment; rape or sexual assault; striking; the..., telephone calls (including anonymous calls), from any source alleging abuse or neglect of an individual with...

45 CFR 1386.19 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 1386.25 of this part the following definitions apply: Abuse means any act or failure to act which was... such acts as: Verbal, nonverbal, mental and emotional harassment; rape or sexual assault; striking; the..., telephone calls (including anonymous calls), from any source alleging abuse or neglect of an individual with...

45 CFR 1386.19 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 1386.25 of this part the following definitions apply: Abuse means any act or failure to act which was... such acts as: Verbal, nonverbal, mental and emotional harassment; rape or sexual assault; striking; the..., telephone calls (including anonymous calls), from any source alleging abuse or neglect of an individual with...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

30 CFR 401.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PROGRAM General § 401.3 Definitions. Act means the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (Pub. L. 98-242, 98 Stat. 97... research institute, center, or equivalent agency established in accordance with Title I of the Act. Region...

40 CFR 130.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (k) Water quality management (WQM) plan. A State or areawide waste... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT § 130.2 Definitions. (a) The Act. The Clean Water Act, as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et...

29 CFR 2704.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... hereafter shall be to “administrative law judge”. The Act means the Equal Access to Justice Act 5 U.S.C. 504... Relating to Labor (Continued) FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT IN COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS General Provisions § 2704.101 Definitions. The following...

19 CFR 201.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Miscellaneous § 201.2 Definitions. As used in this chapter— (a) Commission means the United States International Trade Commission... Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1202-1677j, 1677m-n; (d) Trade Expansion Act means the Trade Expansion Act of...

19 CFR 201.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Miscellaneous § 201.2 Definitions. As used in this chapter— (a) Commission means the United States International Trade Commission... Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1202-1677j, 1677m-n; (d) Trade Expansion Act means the Trade Expansion Act of...

19 CFR 201.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Miscellaneous § 201.2 Definitions. As used in this chapter— (a) Commission means the United States International Trade Commission... Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1202-1677j, 1677m-n; (d) Trade Expansion Act means the Trade Expansion Act of...

19 CFR 201.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Miscellaneous § 201.2 Definitions. As used in this chapter— (a) Commission means the United States International Trade Commission... Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1202-1677j, 1677m-n; (d) Trade Expansion Act means the Trade Expansion Act of...

19 CFR 201.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Miscellaneous § 201.2 Definitions. As used in this chapter— (a) Commission means the United States International Trade Commission... Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1202-1677j, 1677m-n; (d) Trade Expansion Act means the Trade Expansion Act of...

50 CFR 82.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... been approved and which provides for research in subjects which are relevant to the protection and... (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Introduction § 82.5 Definitions. As used in this part, terms shall have the meanings ascribed in this section. (a) Act means the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16...

40 CFR 130.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... sections 301(b) and 306 of the Act. (k) Water quality management (WQM) plan. A State or areawide waste... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT § 130.2 Definitions. (a) The Act. The Clean Water Act, as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

10 CFR 431.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 431.2 Section 431.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT... Section 340 of the Act. Act means the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, as amended, 42 U.S.C...

40 CFR 85.1801 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Recall Regulations § 85.1801 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart... Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857, as amended. (a) Act shall mean the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857, as amended...

12 CFR 1278.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS VOLUNTARY MERGERS OF FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS § 1278.1 Definitions. Bank, written in title case, means a Federal Home Loan Bank established under section 12 of the Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1432). Bank Act means the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as...

12 CFR 1278.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS VOLUNTARY MERGERS OF FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS § 1278.1 Definitions. Bank, written in title case, means a Federal Home Loan Bank established under section 12 of the Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1432). Bank Act means the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as...

21 CFR 2.110 - Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison... SERVICES GENERAL GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS AND DECISIONS Caustic Poisons § 2.110 Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act. For the purpose of determining whether an article containing ammonia...

21 CFR 2.110 - Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison... SERVICES GENERAL GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS AND DECISIONS Caustic Poisons § 2.110 Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act. For the purpose of determining whether an article containing ammonia...

21 CFR 2.110 - Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison... SERVICES GENERAL GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS AND DECISIONS Caustic Poisons § 2.110 Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act. For the purpose of determining whether an article containing ammonia...

21 CFR 2.110 - Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison... SERVICES GENERAL GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS AND DECISIONS Caustic Poisons § 2.110 Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act. For the purpose of determining whether an article containing ammonia...

21 CFR 2.110 - Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison... SERVICES GENERAL GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS AND DECISIONS Caustic Poisons § 2.110 Definition of ammonia under Federal Caustic Poison Act. For the purpose of determining whether an article containing ammonia...

45 CFR 283.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Abortions means.... This term does not include spontaneous abortions, i.e., miscarriages. Act means the Social Security Act... data by State. Most recent year for which abortion data are available means the year that is two...

42 CFR 52b.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 52b.2 Section 52b.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

42 CFR 52b.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 52b.2 Section 52b.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

50 CFR 300.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Eastern Pacific Tuna Fisheries § 300.21 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined in § 300.2, in the Act, and in the Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission... § 300.2, in the Act, or in the Convention, the definition in this section shall apply. Bigeye tuna means...

50 CFR 300.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Eastern Pacific Tuna Fisheries § 300.21 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined in § 300.2, in the Act, and in the Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission... § 300.2, in the Act, or in the Convention, the definition in this section shall apply. Bigeye tuna means...

50 CFR 300.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Eastern Pacific Tuna Fisheries § 300.21 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined in § 300.2, in the Act, and in the Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission... § 300.2, in the Act, or in the Convention, the definition in this section shall apply. Bigeye tuna means...

42 CFR 52c.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 52c.2 Section 52c.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS MINORITY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM § 52c.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

42 CFR 52c.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 52c.2 Section 52c.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS MINORITY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM § 52c.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

42 CFR 52c.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 52c.2 Section 52c.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS MINORITY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM § 52c.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

42 CFR 52c.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 52c.2 Section 52c.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS MINORITY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM § 52c.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as...

42 CFR 51a.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 51a.2 Section 51a.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS PROJECT GRANTS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH § 51a.2 Definitions. Act means the Social Security Act, as amended. Genetic diseases means...

42 CFR 51a.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 51a.2 Section 51a.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS PROJECT GRANTS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH § 51a.2 Definitions. Act means the Social Security Act, as amended. Genetic diseases means...

42 CFR 51a.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 51a.2 Section 51a.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS PROJECT GRANTS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH § 51a.2 Definitions. Act means the Social Security Act, as amended. Genetic diseases means...

42 CFR 51a.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 51a.2 Section 51a.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS PROJECT GRANTS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH § 51a.2 Definitions. Act means the Social Security Act, as amended. Genetic diseases means...

8 CFR 245a.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 245a.10 Section 245a.10 Aliens... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act Legalization Provisions § 245a.10 Definitions. In this Subpart B, the terms: Eligible alien means an alien (including a spouse or child as...

8 CFR 245a.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 245a.10 Section 245a.10 Aliens... AND NATIONALITY ACT Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act Legalization Provisions § 245a.10 Definitions. In this Subpart B, the terms: Eligible alien means an alien (including a spouse or child as...

8 CFR 245a.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 245a.10 Section 245a.10 Aliens... AND NATIONALITY ACT Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act Legalization Provisions § 245a.10 Definitions. In this Subpart B, the terms: Eligible alien means an alien (including a spouse or child as...

8 CFR 245a.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 245a.10 Section 245a.10 Aliens... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act Legalization Provisions § 245a.10 Definitions. In this Subpart B, the terms: Eligible alien means an alien (including a spouse or child as...

8 CFR 245a.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 245a.10 Section 245a.10 Aliens... AND NATIONALITY ACT Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act Legalization Provisions § 245a.10 Definitions. In this Subpart B, the terms: Eligible alien means an alien (including a spouse or child as...

47 CFR 301.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 301.2 Section 301.2 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER BOX COUPON PROGRAM § 301.2 Definitions. Act means Title III of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-171, 120 Stat. 4, 21...

29 CFR 510.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 510.3 Section 510.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE... § 510.3 Definitions. (a) Act or FLSA means the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended (29 U.S.C...

45 CFR 283.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Abortions means.... This term does not include spontaneous abortions, i.e., miscarriages. Act means the Social Security Act... data by State. Most recent year for which abortion data are available means the year that is two...

45 CFR 283.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Abortions means.... This term does not include spontaneous abortions, i.e., miscarriages. Act means the Social Security Act... data by State. Most recent year for which abortion data are available means the year that is two...

45 CFR 283.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Abortions means.... This term does not include spontaneous abortions, i.e., miscarriages. Act means the Social Security Act... data by State. Most recent year for which abortion data are available means the year that is two...

45 CFR 283.2 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....2 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Abortions means.... This term does not include spontaneous abortions, i.e., miscarriages. Act means the Social Security Act... data by State. Most recent year for which abortion data are available means the year that is two...

22 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Foreign... Definitions. (a) Act means the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a; 88 Stat. 1896); (b) Agency means the... about an individual that is maintained by an agency, including, but not limited to, his education...

25 CFR 700.257 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the Commission including, but not limited to, education, financial transactions, medical history, and... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 700.257 Section 700.257 Indians THE OFFICE... § 700.257 Definitions. (a) Act. As used in this subpart, “Act” means section 3 of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S...

22 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Foreign... Definitions. (a) Act means the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a; 88 Stat. 1896); (b) Agency means the... about an individual that is maintained by an agency, including, but not limited to, his education...

15 CFR 280.2 - Definitions used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROGRAMS FASTENER QUALITY General § 280.2 Definitions used in this subpart. In addition to the definitions... the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Act. The Fastener Quality Act (15 U.S.C. 5401 et seq... ISO/IEC Guides or other documents, and redesignations of those Guides or documents. Under Secretary...

15 CFR 280.2 - Definitions used in this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PROGRAMS FASTENER QUALITY General § 280.2 Definitions used in this subpart. In addition to the definitions... the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Act. The Fastener Quality Act (15 U.S.C. 5401 et seq... ISO/IEC Guides or other documents, and redesignations of those Guides or documents. Under Secretary...

42 CFR 4.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 4.2 Section 4.2 Public Health PUBLIC... § 4.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as amended (42 U.S.C... Director's delegate. Health-sciences professional means any person engaged in: (1) The administration of...

Assessment of the reduced allergenic properties of the Santana apple.

PubMed

Kootstra, Helmi S; Vlieg-Boerstra, Berber J; Dubois, Anthony E J

2007-12-01

Approximately 2% of the Northern and Central European population is allergic to apples. Because of symptoms of oral allergy syndrome, many individuals avoid eating fresh apples. A strategy to allow apple allergic individuals to eat apples is the development of hypoallergenic apple varieties. To investigate the allergenicity of a putatively hypoallergenic apple cultivar, the Santana apple, on apple allergic individuals using a method of challenge in which loss of allergenicity is minimized. The study population consisted of 15 apple allergic individuals, who underwent an open oral challenge with 3 different apple cultivars: Santana, Golden Delicious, and Topaz. Food challenges were performed between February 1 and May 31, 2005, during the birch tree pollen season. Sensory perception during challenges was minimized by use of a blindfold and nose clip and randomization of challenge order. Subjective symptoms were scored by a visual analog scale. After challenge with the Santana apple, 8 of 15 study participants (53%) developed no symptoms, which was a significantly greater proportion than after challenge with the Topaz apple (1 participant) and Golden Delicious apple (1 participant) (P = .002). The visual analog scale scores for the Santana apple (dose 1) were significantly lower than that for the Golden Delicious and Topaz apples. A total of 73% of the participants stated they would eat Santana apples in the future. The Santana apple caused significantly fewer allergic symptoms in apple allergic individuals than the Golden Delicious and Topaz apples. The Santana apple may be a good choice for most apple allergic individuals who want to eat apples.

18 CFR 366.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NATURAL GAS ACT BOOKS AND RECORDS Definitions and Provisions Under PUHCA 2005, the Federal Power Act and... with the bona fide intention of effecting distribution within 12 months of the specific securities so...

42 CFR 121.13 - Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. 121.13 Section 121.13 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE... NETWORK § 121.13 Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. “Human organ,” as covered by section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended, means...

42 CFR 121.13 - Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. 121.13 Section 121.13 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE... NETWORK § 121.13 Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. “Human organ,” as covered by section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended, means...

42 CFR 121.13 - Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. 121.13 Section 121.13 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE... NETWORK § 121.13 Definition of Human Organ Under section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended. “Human organ,” as covered by section 301 of the National Organ Transplant Act, as amended, means...

Evaluation and prevention of the negative matrix effect of terpenoids on pesticides in apples quantification by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Giacinti, Géraldine; Raynaud, Christine; Capblancq, Sophie; Simon, Valérie

2016-12-21

The sample matrix can enhance the gas chromatography signal of pesticide residues relative to that obtained with the same concentration of pesticide in solvent. This paper is related to negative matrix effects observed in coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ion trap (GC/MS 2 ) quantification of pesticides in concentrated extracts of apple peel prepared by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method. It is focused on the pesticides most frequently used on the apple varieties studied, throughout the crop cycle, right up to harvest, to combat pests and diseases and to improve fruit storage properties. Extracts from the fleshy receptacle (flesh), the epiderm (peel) and fruit of three apple varieties were studied by high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with UV-vis light detection (HPTLC/UV visible). The peel extracts had high concentrations of triterpenic acids (oleanolic and ursolic acids), reaching 25mgkg -1 , whereas these compounds were not detected in the flesh extracts (<0.05mgkg -1 ). A significant relationship has been found between the levels of these molecules and negative matrix effects in GC/MS 2 . The differences in the behavior of pesticides with respect to matrix effects can be accounted for by the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules (lone pairs, labile hydrogen, conjugation). The HPTLC/UV visible method developed here for the characterization of QuEChERS extracts acts as a complementary clean-up method, aimed to decrease the negative matrix effects of such extracts. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation and prevention of the negative matrix effect of terpenoids on pesticides in apples quantification by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Giacinti, Géraldine; Raynaud, Christine; Capblancq, Sophie; Simon, Valérie

2017-02-03

The sample matrix can enhance the gas chromatography signal of pesticide residues relative to that obtained with the same concentration of pesticide in solvent. This paper is related to negative matrix effects observed in coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ion trap (GC/MS 2 ) quantification of pesticides in concentrated extracts of apple peel prepared by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method. It is focused on the pesticides most frequently used on the apple varieties studied, throughout the crop cycle, right up to harvest, to combat pests and diseases and to improve fruit storage properties. Extracts from the fleshy receptacle (flesh), the epiderm (peel) and fruit of three apple varieties were studied by high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with UV-vis light detection (HPTLC/UV visible). The peel extracts had high concentrations of triterpenic acids (oleanolic and ursolic acids), reaching 25mgkg -1 , whereas these compounds were not detected in the flesh extracts (<0.05mgkg -1 ). A significant relationship has been found between the levels of these molecules and negative matrix effects in GC/MS 2 . The differences in the behavior of pesticides with respect to matrix effects can be accounted for by the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules (lone pairs, labile hydrogen, conjugation). The HPTLC/UV visible method developed here for the characterization of QuEChERS extracts acts as a complementary clean-up method, aimed to decrease the negative matrix effects of such extracts. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

78 FR 42484 - Small Entity Size Standards Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-16

... out the purposes of the Small Business Act. An agency may establish other definitions for ``small... Act (RFA) and request for public comment. SUMMARY: The Board is proposing to define ``small business... them within the definition of a Class III rail carrier. DATES: Comments are due by August 15, 2013. FOR...

43 CFR 17.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap § 17.202 Definitions. As...) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means that statute as amended by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, Public Law 94-142, 20 U.S.C. 1401 et...

43 CFR 17.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap § 17.202 Definitions. As...) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means that statute as amended by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, Public Law 94-142, 20 U.S.C. 1401 et...

43 CFR 17.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap § 17.202 Definitions. As...) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means that statute as amended by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, Public Law 94-142, 20 U.S.C. 1401 et...

5 CFR 352.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Reemployment Rights Under the Taiwan Relations Act § 352.802 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Act refers to Taiwan Relations Act (Pub. L. 96-8). Competitive area is the same as defined in § 351.402 of this title; Institute means the American Institute in Taiwan. Specified period of service shall be a...

5 CFR 352.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Reemployment Rights Under the Taiwan Relations Act § 352.802 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Act refers to Taiwan Relations Act (Pub. L. 96-8). Competitive area is the same as defined in § 351.402 of this title; Institute means the American Institute in Taiwan. Specified period of service shall be a...

5 CFR 352.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Reemployment Rights Under the Taiwan Relations Act § 352.802 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Act refers to Taiwan Relations Act (Pub. L. 96-8). Competitive area is the same as defined in § 351.402 of this title; Institute means the American Institute in Taiwan. Specified period of service shall be a...

5 CFR 352.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Reemployment Rights Under the Taiwan Relations Act § 352.802 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Act refers to Taiwan Relations Act (Pub. L. 96-8). Competitive area is the same as defined in § 351.402 of this title; Institute means the American Institute in Taiwan. Specified period of service shall be a...

38 CFR 18.503 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Age General § 18.503 Definitions. As used in these regulations: (a) Act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (Title III of...) Secretary means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs or designees. (d) Age means how old a person is, or the...

38 CFR 18.503 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Age General § 18.503 Definitions. As used in these regulations: (a) Act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (Title III of...) Secretary means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs or designees. (d) Age means how old a person is, or the...

38 CFR 18.503 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Age General § 18.503 Definitions. As used in these regulations: (a) Act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (Title III of...) Secretary means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs or designees. (d) Age means how old a person is, or the...

45 CFR 1172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF AGE IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES General § 1172.3 Definitions. As used in this part, the term: Act means the Age Discrimination Act... the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, 29 U.S.C. 621 et seq. (Pub. L. 90-202...

38 CFR 18.503 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Age General § 18.503 Definitions. As used in these regulations: (a) Act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (Title III of...) Secretary means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs or designees. (d) Age means how old a person is, or the...

5 CFR 352.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Reemployment Rights Under the Taiwan Relations Act § 352.802 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Act refers to Taiwan Relations Act (Pub. L. 96-8). Competitive area is the same as defined in § 351.402 of this title; Institute means the American Institute in Taiwan. Specified period of service shall be a...

29 CFR 2200.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Secretary to an employer pursuant to 10 (a) or (b) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 659(a) or (b). (k) Day means a... Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION RULES OF PROCEDURE General Provisions § 2200.1 Definitions. As used herein: (a) Act means the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970...

29 CFR 784.8 - “Employer,” “employee,” and “employ.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STANDARDS ACT APPLICABLE TO FISHING AND OPERATIONS ON AQUATIC PRODUCTS General Some Basic Definitions § 784... prohibitions against the employment of oppressive child labor. The Act provides its own definitions of... political subdivision of a State or any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer), or...

Vocational and Adult Education: Major Regulation Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Worthington, Robert M.

Federal regulations for the Adult Education Act and the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act were revised in 1985. The following are the major changes to the Adult Education Act regulations: (1) the definition of "adult" was changed to permit services to persons under the age of 16 in some cases; (2) the definition of…

12 CFR 1229.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ACTION Federal Home Loan Banks § 1229.1 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart: Bank written in title case, means a Federal Home Loan Bank established under section 12 of the Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1432). Bank Act means the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1421 through 1449). Capital...

30 CFR 71.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 71.2 Section 71.2 Mineral... Definitions. For the purpose of this part 71, the term: (a) Act means the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, Pub. L. 91-173, as amended by Pub. L. 95-164. (b) Active workings means any place in a...

42 CFR 63.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 63.2 Section 63.2 Public Health PUBLIC... § 63.2 Definitions. As used in this part: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as amended (42 U.S.C... Health and Human Services. Misconduct in science shall have the same meaning as prescribed in § 50.102 of...

Enhanced delignification of steam-pretreated poplar by a bacterial laccase

DOE PAGES

Singh, Rahul; Hu, Jinguang; Regner, Matthew R.; ...

2017-02-07

The recalcitrance of woody biomass, particularly its lignin component, hinders its sustainable transformation to fuels and biomaterials. Although the recent discovery of several bacterial ligninases promises the development of novel biocatalysts, these enzymes have largely been characterized using model substrates: direct evidence for their action on biomass is lacking. Herein, we report the delignification of woody biomass by a small laccase (sLac) from Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv3. Incubation of steam-pretreated poplar (SPP) with sLac enhanced the release of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) by ~6-fold, and reduced the amount of acid-soluble lignin by ~15%. NMR spectrometry revealed that the APPL was significantlymore » syringyl-enriched relative to the original material (~16:1 vs. ~3:1), and that sLac preferentially oxidized syringyl units and altered interunit linkage distributions. sLac’s substrate preference among monoaryls was also consistent with this observation. In addition, sLac treatment reduced the molar mass of the APPL by over 50%, as determined by gel-permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Finally, sLac acted synergistically with a commercial cellulase cocktail to increase glucose production from SPP ~8%. Altogether, this study establishes the lignolytic activity of sLac on woody biomass and highlights the biocatalytic potential of bacterial enzymes.« less

Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wen; Lunn, John E.; Feil, Regina; Wang, Yufei; Zhao, Jingjing; Tao, Hongxia; Zhao, Zhengyang

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple (Malus domestica, Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol, but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages, respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple. PMID:28069587

A Healthy Balance of Plasma Cholesterol by a Novel Annurca Apple-Based Nutraceutical Formulation: Results of a Randomized Trial.

PubMed

Tenore, Gian Carlo; Caruso, Domenico; Buonomo, Giuseppe; D'Avino, Maria; Campiglia, Pietro; Marinelli, Luciana; Novellino, Ettore

2017-03-01

Cardiovascular diseases are nowadays preferential targets of preventive medicine through a straightforward therapy on lipid profile. However, statins, the first-line lipid-lowering drug therapy, specifically act on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), having a modest effect on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Today, a number of novel HDL-targeted therapies are emerging, along with unexpected side effects. Thus, novel and possibly safe substances, able to correct impaired lipid profile in humans, are still in great demand. Herein, based on encouraging clinical data, we formulated a nutraceutical product (AppleMetS ® , AMS), based on a polyphenolic extract from Annurca apple, and demonstrated that two capsules a day of AMS, after one month, have a LDL-C lowering outcome equivalent to 40 mg of simvastatin or 10 mg of atorvastatin. Nevertheless, different from statin-based therapy, AMS exerted a notable effect on HDL (+49.2%). Based on the trial results, we can assert that AMS formulation could effectively integrate the current therapeutic arsenal to correct impaired lipid profile in humans. Specifically, AMS may be considered a complementary and/or alternative safe substance suitable for the treatment of mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects who do not present occurrence of atheromatous plaques yet.

Enhanced delignification of steam-pretreated poplar by a bacterial laccase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Rahul; Hu, Jinguang; Regner, Matthew R.

The recalcitrance of woody biomass, particularly its lignin component, hinders its sustainable transformation to fuels and biomaterials. Although the recent discovery of several bacterial ligninases promises the development of novel biocatalysts, these enzymes have largely been characterized using model substrates: direct evidence for their action on biomass is lacking. Herein, we report the delignification of woody biomass by a small laccase (sLac) from Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv3. Incubation of steam-pretreated poplar (SPP) with sLac enhanced the release of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) by ~6-fold, and reduced the amount of acid-soluble lignin by ~15%. NMR spectrometry revealed that the APPL was significantlymore » syringyl-enriched relative to the original material (~16:1 vs. ~3:1), and that sLac preferentially oxidized syringyl units and altered interunit linkage distributions. sLac’s substrate preference among monoaryls was also consistent with this observation. In addition, sLac treatment reduced the molar mass of the APPL by over 50%, as determined by gel-permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Finally, sLac acted synergistically with a commercial cellulase cocktail to increase glucose production from SPP ~8%. Altogether, this study establishes the lignolytic activity of sLac on woody biomass and highlights the biocatalytic potential of bacterial enzymes.« less

A Healthy Balance of Plasma Cholesterol by a Novel Annurca Apple-Based Nutraceutical Formulation: Results of a Randomized Trial

PubMed Central

Tenore, Gian Carlo; Caruso, Domenico; Buonomo, Giuseppe; D'Avino, Maria; Campiglia, Pietro; Marinelli, Luciana

2017-01-01

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are nowadays preferential targets of preventive medicine through a straightforward therapy on lipid profile. However, statins, the first-line lipid-lowering drug therapy, specifically act on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), having a modest effect on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Today, a number of novel HDL-targeted therapies are emerging, along with unexpected side effects. Thus, novel and possibly safe substances, able to correct impaired lipid profile in humans, are still in great demand. Herein, based on encouraging clinical data, we formulated a nutraceutical product (AppleMetS®, AMS), based on a polyphenolic extract from Annurca apple, and demonstrated that two capsules a day of AMS, after one month, have a LDL-C lowering outcome equivalent to 40 mg of simvastatin or 10 mg of atorvastatin. Nevertheless, different from statin-based therapy, AMS exerted a notable effect on HDL (+49.2%). Based on the trial results, we can assert that AMS formulation could effectively integrate the current therapeutic arsenal to correct impaired lipid profile in humans. Specifically, AMS may be considered a complementary and/or alternative safe substance suitable for the treatment of mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects who do not present occurrence of atheromatous plaques yet. PMID:28296588

Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala).

PubMed

Zhang, Wen; Lunn, John E; Feil, Regina; Wang, Yufei; Zhao, Jingjing; Tao, Hongxia; Guo, Yanping; Zhao, Zhengyang

2017-02-15

Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple ( Malus domestica , Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol, but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages, respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

25 CFR 273.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... EDUCATION CONTRACTS UNDER JOHNSON-O'MALLEY ACT General Provisions § 273.2 Definitions. As used in this part...) “Johnson-O'Malley Act” means the Act of April 16, 1934 (48 Stat. 596), as amended by the Act of June 4... controlled, sanctioned, or chartered by the government body(s) of an Indian tribe(s). (o) “Reservation” or...

25 CFR 273.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... EDUCATION CONTRACTS UNDER JOHNSON-O'MALLEY ACT General Provisions § 273.2 Definitions. As used in this part...) “Johnson-O'Malley Act” means the Act of April 16, 1934 (48 Stat. 596), as amended by the Act of June 4... controlled, sanctioned, or chartered by the government body(s) of an Indian tribe(s). (o) “Reservation” or...

25 CFR 273.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... EDUCATION CONTRACTS UNDER JOHNSON-O'MALLEY ACT General Provisions § 273.2 Definitions. As used in this part...) “Johnson-O'Malley Act” means the Act of April 16, 1934 (48 Stat. 596), as amended by the Act of June 4... controlled, sanctioned, or chartered by the government body(s) of an Indian tribe(s). (o) “Reservation” or...

13 CFR 117.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF THE AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT OF 1975, AS AMENDED § 117.3 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) The term act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended... term age means how old a person is, or the number of years from the date of a person's birth. (d) The...

13 CFR 117.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF THE AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT OF 1975, AS AMENDED § 117.3 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) The term act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended... term age means how old a person is, or the number of years from the date of a person's birth. (d) The...

13 CFR 117.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF THE AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT OF 1975, AS AMENDED § 117.3 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) The term act means the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended... term age means how old a person is, or the number of years from the date of a person's birth. (d) The...

10 CFR 1047.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... General Provisions § 1047.3 Definitions. (a) Act means section 161.k. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, (42 U.S.C. 2201.k.). (b) Arrest means any act, including taking, seizing or detaining of a person... of the person making the arrest. (c) Citizen's Arrest means that type of arrest which can be made by...

40 CFR 407.20 - Applicability; description of the apple products subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... apple products subcategory. 407.20 Section 407.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products Subcategory § 407.20 Applicability; description of the apple... processing of apples into apple products. The processing of apples into caustic peeled or dehydrated products...

8 CFR 103.8 - Definitions pertaining to availability of information under the Freedom of Information Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions pertaining to availability of information under the Freedom of Information Act. 103.8 Section 103.8 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS POWERS AND DUTIES; AVAILABILITY OF RECORDS § 103.8 Definitions pertaining to availability of...

48 CFR 25.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 25.601 Section 25.601 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION American Recovery and Reinvestment Act-Buy American Act-Construction Materials...

48 CFR 25.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 25.601 Section 25.601 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION American Recovery and Reinvestment Act-Buy American Act-Construction Materials...

32 CFR 842.22 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CLAIMS Personnel Claims (31 U.S.C. 3701, 3721) § 842.22 Definitions. (a) Act of God. An act occasioned... area or any real estate the Air Force or any other DOD element uses or controls. (d) Personal property...

32 CFR 842.22 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CLAIMS Personnel Claims (31 U.S.C. 3701, 3721) § 842.22 Definitions. (a) Act of God. An act occasioned... area or any real estate the Air Force or any other DOD element uses or controls. (d) Personal property...

40 CFR 407.20 - Applicability; description of the apple products subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products Subcategory § 407.20 Applicability; description of the apple products... apples into apple products. The processing of apples into caustic peeled or dehydrated products is...

40 CFR 407.10 - Applicability; description of the apple juice subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... apple juice subcategory. 407.10 Section 407.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice Subcategory § 407.10 Applicability; description of the apple juice... apples into apple juice or apple cider. When a plant is subject to effluent limitations covering more...

40 CFR 407.20 - Applicability; description of the apple products subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products Subcategory § 407.20 Applicability; description of the apple products... apples into apple products. The processing of apples into caustic peeled or dehydrated products is...

40 CFR 407.10 - Applicability; description of the apple juice subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice Subcategory § 407.10 Applicability; description of the apple juice... apples into apple juice or apple cider. When a plant is subject to effluent limitations covering more...

40 CFR 407.10 - Applicability; description of the apple juice subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice Subcategory § 407.10 Applicability; description of the apple juice... apples into apple juice or apple cider. When a plant is subject to effluent limitations covering more...

40 CFR 407.10 - Applicability; description of the apple juice subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice Subcategory § 407.10 Applicability; description of the apple juice... apples into apple juice or apple cider. When a plant is subject to effluent limitations covering more...

40 CFR 407.10 - Applicability; description of the apple juice subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Juice Subcategory § 407.10 Applicability; description of the apple juice... apples into apple juice or apple cider. When a plant is subject to effluent limitations covering more...

40 CFR 407.20 - Applicability; description of the apple products subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products Subcategory § 407.20 Applicability; description of the apple products... apples into apple products. The processing of apples into caustic peeled or dehydrated products is...

40 CFR 407.20 - Applicability; description of the apple products subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the apple... SOURCE CATEGORY Apple Products Subcategory § 407.20 Applicability; description of the apple products... apples into apple products. The processing of apples into caustic peeled or dehydrated products is...

Smartphone-based grading of apple quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xianglin; Li, Ting

2018-02-01

Apple quality grading is a critical issue in apple industry which is one economical pillar of many countries. Artificial grading is inefficient and of poor accuracy. Here we proposed to develop a portable, convenient, real-time, and low cost method aimed at grading apple. Color images of the apples were collected with a smartphone and the grade of sampled apple was assessed by a customized smartphone app, which offered the functions translating RGB color values of the apple to color grade and translating the edge of apple image to weight grade. The algorithms are based on modeling with a large number of apple image at different grades. The apple grade data evaluated by the smartphone are in accordance with the actual data. This study demonstrated the potential of smart phone in apple quality grading/online monitoring at gathering and transportation stage for apple industry.

Cancer chemopreventive potential of apples, apple juice, and apple components.

PubMed

Gerhauser, Clarissa

2008-10-01

Apples ( MALUS sp., Rosaceae) are a rich source of nutrient as well as non-nutrient components and contain high levels of polyphenols and other phytochemicals. Main structural classes of apple constituents include hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavonols (quercetin glycosides), catechins and oligomeric procyanidins, as well as triterpenoids in apple peel and anthocyanins in red apples. Several lines of evidence suggest that apples and apple products possess a wide range of biological activities which may contribute to health beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease, asthma and pulmonary dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, and cancer (reviewed by Boyer and Liu, Nutr J 2004). The present review will summarize the current knowledge on potential cancer preventive effects of apples, apple juice and apple extracts (jointly designated as apple products). In brief, apple extracts and components, especially oligomeric procyanidins, have been shown to influence multiple mechanisms relevant for cancer prevention in IN VITRO studies. These include antimutagenic activity, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, modulation of signal transduction pathways, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity, as well as novel mechanisms on epigenetic events and innate immunity. Apple products have been shown to prevent skin, mammary and colon carcinogenesis in animal models. Epidemiological observations indicate that regular consumption of one or more apples a day may reduce the risk for lung and colon cancer.

The domestication and evolutionary ecology of apples.

PubMed

Cornille, Amandine; Giraud, Tatiana; Smulders, Marinus J M; Roldán-Ruiz, Isabel; Gladieux, Pierre

2014-02-01

The cultivated apple is a major fruit crop in temperate zones. Its wild relatives, distributed across temperate Eurasia and growing in diverse habitats, represent potentially useful sources of diversity for apple breeding. We review here the most recent findings on the genetics and ecology of apple domestication and its impact on wild apples. Genetic analyses have revealed a Central Asian origin for cultivated apple, together with an unexpectedly large secondary contribution from the European crabapple. Wild apple species display strong population structures and high levels of introgression from domesticated apple, and this may threaten their genetic integrity. Recent research has revealed a major role of hybridization in the domestication of the cultivated apple and has highlighted the value of apple as an ideal model for unraveling adaptive diversification processes in perennial fruit crops. We discuss the implications of this knowledge for apple breeding and for the conservation of wild apples. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.1176 - Where can I find definitions of key words used in this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... words used in this subpart? 63.1176 Section 63.1176 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Production § 63.1176 Where can I find definitions of key words used in this subpart? The definitions of key words used in this subpart are in the Clean Air Act (Act), in § 63.2 of the general provisions in...

A Computerized System for Measuring Detection Sensitivity over the Visual Field,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

variety of conditions can act to degrade this basic configuration of detection capability; e.g., pathology, such as glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa ...the central line of sight involving the retinal fovea is clearly the locus of greatest visual resolution under photopic viewing conditions, the...Skills. 1974; 41:467-474. 6. Kobrick JL, Appleton S. Effects of hypoxia on visual performance and retinal vascular state. J. Appl. Physiol. 1971; 31:357

Computer Contribution Act of 1983. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session, on H.R.701 (San Francisco, California).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Ways and Means.

This hearing on legislation designed to encourage contributions of computers and computer equipment to elementary and secondary schools emphasizes California's experience with a state-level program. Testimony is included from the following witnesses: Kay Pacheco, Alameda County Office of Education; Michael D. Rashkin, Apple Computer, Inc.; Barbara…

Glossary of CERCLA, RCRA and TSCA related terms and acronyms. Environmental Guidance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-10-01

This glossary contains CERCLA, RCRA and TSCA related terms that are most often encountered in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Restoration and Emergency Preparedness activities. Detailed definitions are included for key terms. The CERCLA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended and related federal rulemakings. The RCRA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and related federal rulemakings. The TSCA definitions included in this glossary are taken from the Toxic Substances and Control Act (TSCA) and related federalmore » rulemakings. Definitions related to TSCA are limited to those sections in the statute and regulations concerning PCBs and asbestos.Other sources for definitions include additional federal rulemakings, assorted guidance documents prepared by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), guidance and informational documents prepared by the US Department of Energy (DOE), and DOE Orders. The source of each term is noted beside the term. Terms presented in this document reflect revised and new definitions published before July 1, 1993.« less

Callus Induction from Various Organs of Dragon Fruit, Apple and Tomato on some Mediums.

PubMed

Rumiyati; Sismindari; Semiarti, Endang; Milasari, Asri Fajar; Sari, Dheatika Karina; Fitriana, Nia; Galuh, Sekar

2017-01-01

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are high potential sources of antioxidant compounds such as phenolics. The compounds have the capability of protecting cells and tissues against free radicals. Secondary metabolite produced by callus cell culture from plant organs also acts as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of sucrose and 2,4-D in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for callus induction from different plant organ explants. With all of characteristic, callus can be used further for the development of natural cell regeneration agent. This study was conducted using analytical technique. Suitable explants were obtained. They were developed in various concentrations of combination between MS medium and 2,4-D. Callus growth, including their weight and surface was then measured and analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Callus was able to grow from its explants in 5-7 days after induction process. They were clear in color and had friable texture. The highest value of fresh weight of dragon fruit callus was obtained through MS supplemented with 1 μL L-1 2,4-D and 30 g sucrose. However, apple and tomato callus induction and growth maintenance reached optimal medium on MS supplemented with 30 g sucrose and 2 μL L-1 2,4-D. Callus of apple, dragon fruit and tomato was maintained upon MS supplemented with 30-40 g sucrose and 1-2 μL L-1 2,4-D for optimum induction and growth. The optimization of growth medium will give advantages for further development of natural cell regeneration agent.

Short-term biomarkers of apple consumption.

PubMed

Saenger, Theresa; Hübner, Florian; Humpf, Hans-Ulrich

2017-03-01

Urinary biomarkers are used to estimate the nutritional intake of humans. The aim of this study was to distinguish between low, medium, and high apple consumption by quantifying possible intake biomarkers in urine samples after apple consumption by HPLC-MS/MS. Apples were chosen as they are the most consumed fruits in Germany. Thirty subjects took part in 7-day study. They abstained from apples and apple products except for one weighed apple portion resembling one, two, or four apples. Before apple consumption and during the following days spot urine samples were collected. These urine samples were incubated with β-glucuronidase, diluted, and directly measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Phloretin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin were detected in urine using Scheduled MRM TM mode. Phloretin was confirmed as a urinary biomarker of apple intake and had the ability to discriminate between low or medium (one or two apples) and high apple consumption (four apples). The groups also differ in the excretion of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. Apple consumption can be monitored by urinary biomarkers for a period of at least 12 h after consumption. Furthermore the amount of apples consumed can be estimated by the concentration of certain biomarkers. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

45 CFR 160.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., the following definitions apply to this subchapter: Act means the Social Security Act. Administrative..., statements, and other required documents. Electronic media means: (1) Electronic storage material on which...) and any removable/transportable digital memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk, optical disk, or...

45 CFR 160.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., the following definitions apply to this subchapter: Act means the Social Security Act. Administrative..., statements, and other required documents. Electronic media means: (1) Electronic storage material on which...) and any removable/transportable digital memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk, optical disk, or...

40 CFR 305.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND... (CERCLA) ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMS AGAINST THE SUPERFUND General § 305.3 Definitions... Liability Act of 1980 as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), 42 U.S...

40 CFR 305.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND... (CERCLA) ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMS AGAINST THE SUPERFUND General § 305.3 Definitions... Liability Act of 1980 as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), 42 U.S...

40 CFR 305.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND... (CERCLA) ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMS AGAINST THE SUPERFUND General § 305.3 Definitions... Liability Act of 1980 as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), 42 U.S...

50 CFR 80.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS § 80.1 Definitions. As used in this... administration and execution of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts. Project. One or more related...

40 CFR 35.3105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ASSISTANCE State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds § 35.3105 Definitions. Words and terms that are not... and 40 CFR part 35, subpart I. (a) Act. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known... LOC. (i) SRF. State water pollution control revolving fund. ...

40 CFR 35.3105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ASSISTANCE State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds § 35.3105 Definitions. Words and terms that are not... and 40 CFR part 35, subpart I. (a) Act. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known... LOC. (i) SRF. State water pollution control revolving fund. ...

40 CFR 35.3105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ASSISTANCE State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds § 35.3105 Definitions. Words and terms that are not... and 40 CFR part 35, subpart I. (a) Act. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known... LOC. (i) SRF. State water pollution control revolving fund. ...

40 CFR 35.3105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ASSISTANCE State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds § 35.3105 Definitions. Words and terms that are not... and 40 CFR part 35, subpart I. (a) Act. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known... LOC. (i) SRF. State water pollution control revolving fund. ...

40 CFR 35.3105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ASSISTANCE State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds § 35.3105 Definitions. Words and terms that are not... and 40 CFR part 35, subpart I. (a) Act. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known... LOC. (i) SRF. State water pollution control revolving fund. ...

Instrument Pointing Capabilities: Past, Present, and Future

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blackmore, Lars; Murray, Emmanuell; Scharf, Daniel P.; Aung, Mimi; Bayard, David; Brugarolas, Paul; Hadaegh, Fred; Lee, Allan; Milman, Mark; Sirlin, Sam;

Volatility of patulin in apple juice.

PubMed

Kryger, R A

2001-08-01

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi, such as those found commonly on apples. The patulin content of apple juice is a regulatory concern because patulin is a suspected carcinogen and mutagen. A simple model of the apple juice concentration process was carried out to examine the possible contamination of patulin in apple aroma, a distillate produced commercially in the concentration of apple juice. The results show no evidence for patulin volatility, and document a reduction in patulin content by at least a factor of 250 in the apple distillate obtained from apple juice. Furthermore, a survey of several commercial apple aroma samples found no evidence of patulin content.

45 CFR 160.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., the following definitions apply to this subchapter: Act means the Social Security Act. ANSI stands for... required documents. Electronic media means: (1) Electronic storage media including memory devices in computers (hard drives) and any removable/transportable digital memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk...

45 CFR 160.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., the following definitions apply to this subchapter: Act means the Social Security Act. ANSI stands for... required documents. Electronic media means: (1) Electronic storage media including memory devices in computers (hard drives) and any removable/transportable digital memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

22 CFR 230.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISRAEL LOAN GUARANTEES ISSUED UNDER THE EMERGENCY WARTIME SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 2003, PUB. L. 108-11-STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS § 230.02 Definitions... 230 and the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2003, Public Law 108-11, as amended...

30 CFR 705.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL RESTRICTION ON FINANCIAL INTERESTS OF STATE EMPLOYEES § 705.5 Definitions. Act. Means the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, Pub. L. 95-87. Coal mining operation. Means the business of...

45 CFR 160.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., the following definitions apply to this subchapter: Act means the Social Security Act. ANSI stands for... required documents. Electronic media means: (1) Electronic storage media including memory devices in computers (hard drives) and any removable/transportable digital memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk...

12 CFR 1410.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... particular loan constitutes an independent credit risk and such determination is adequately documented in the... Banking FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSURANCE CORPORATION PREMIUMS § 1410.2 Definitions. (a) Act means the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended. (b) Average principal outstanding means the average annual principal...

42 CFR 23.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE CORPS Assignment of National Health Service Corps Personnel § 23.2 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Act means the Public Health Service Act, as amended. Assigned National Health Service Corps personnel or Corps...

32 CFR 291.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.3 Definitions... word record: (i) Objects or articles, such as structures, furniture, vehicles and equipment, whatever..., stored, and retrieved, if not created or used as sources of information about organizations, policies...

32 CFR 291.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.3 Definitions... word record: (i) Objects or articles, such as structures, furniture, vehicles and equipment, whatever..., stored, and retrieved, if not created or used as sources of information about organizations, policies...

32 CFR 291.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.3 Definitions... word record: (i) Objects or articles, such as structures, furniture, vehicles and equipment, whatever..., stored, and retrieved, if not created or used as sources of information about organizations, policies...

32 CFR 291.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY (DNA) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 291.3 Definitions... word record: (i) Objects or articles, such as structures, furniture, vehicles and equipment, whatever..., stored, and retrieved, if not created or used as sources of information about organizations, policies...

16 CFR 1204.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY... addition to the definitions given in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052), the..., ground plane elements, matching networks, element-connecting hardware, mounting hardware, feed cable, and...

17 CFR 260.0-3 - Definition of “rules and regulations” as used in certain sections of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of ârules and regulationsâ as used in certain sections of the Act. 260.0-3 Section 260.0-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Terms Used in the Rules and Regulations § 260.0-3 Definition of “rules and regulations” as used in...

17 CFR 230.153a - Definition of “preceded by a prospectus” as used in section 5(b)(2) of the Act, in relation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definition of âpreceded by a... security holders. 230.153a Section 230.153a Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.153a Definition of “preceded...

17 CFR 230.153a - Definition of “preceded by a prospectus” as used in section 5(b)(2) of the Act, in relation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of âpreceded by a... security holders. 230.153a Section 230.153a Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.153a Definition of “preceded...

17 CFR 230.153a - Definition of “preceded by a prospectus” as used in section 5(b)(2) of the Act, in relation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definition of âpreceded by a... security holders. 230.153a Section 230.153a Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 General § 230.153a Definition of “preceded...