Visual Information Theory and Visual Representation for Achieving Provable Bounds in Vision-Based Control and Decision

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-30

of the IEEE Intl. Conf. on Comp. Vis. and Patt . Recog. (CVPR). 07-JAN-14, . : , B. Taylor, A. Ayvaci, A. Ravichandran, and S. Soatto.. Semantic video...detection, localization and tracking, Intl. Conf. on Comp. Vis. Patt . Recog.. 06-JAN-11, . : , Michalis Raptis, Iasonas Kokkinos, Stefano Soatto...of the IEEE Intl. Conf. on Comp. Vis. and Patt . Recog., 2012. [12] M. Raptis and S. Soatto. Tracklet descriptors for action modeling and video

76 FR 61040 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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2011-10-03

.../South 1/1141 9/8/11 VOR/DME RNAV OR GPS RWY 35, Amdt 3 Padre Island Intl. 20-Oct-11 TX Brownsville......... Brownsville/South 1/1142 9/8/11 VOR OR TACAN OR GPS A, Amdt 1A Padre Island Intl. 20-Oct-11 TX Brownsville......... Brownsville/South 1/1143 9/8/11 LOC BC RWY 31L, Amdt 11B Padre Island Intl. 20-Oct-11 AL Bay Minette...

The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite Time History Data Base System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-11-30

8-3 - MASS LOCK MODE TELEMETRY Word number Minor frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 SINGLES DETI DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DiB DiA CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3... CHANO CHANi CHAN2 INTl INTl INTl INTl INT2 INT2 INT2 1 SINGLES DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi DETi D2B D2A CHAN3 CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO CHANi...INT2 INT3 INT3 INT3 INT3 INT4 INT4 2 SINGLES DETi DETi DETI DETi DETi DETI DETi D3B D3A CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO CHANi CHAN2 CHAN3 CHANO INT4 INT4 INT5 INT5

78 FR 52981 - Investigations Regarding Eligibility to Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

...-- Tulsa, OK 08/02/13 08/01/13 Wholesale Customer Application Support Team (Workers). 82953 Abbott Laboratories, Santa Clara, CA........ 08/02/13 08/01/13 including on-site leased workers from ATR Int'l (State...

75 FR 54766 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-09

... (RNP) Z RWY 35R, Orig Denver, CO, Denver Intl, ILS OR LOC RWY 34L, ILS RWY 34L (CAT II), ILS RWY 34L (CAT III), Amdt 1 Denver, CO, Denver Intl, ILS OR LOC RWY 34R, ILS RWY 34R (CAT II), ILS RWY 34R (CAT III), Amdt 2 Denver, CO, Denver Intl, ILS OR LOC RWY 35L, ILS RWY 35L (CAT II), ILS RWY 35L (CAT III...

75 FR 10020 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... comments concerning an existing final regulation, INTL-24-94 (TD 8671), Taxpayer Identifying Numbers (TINs... Numbers (TINs). OMB Number: 1545-1461. Regulation Project Number: INTL-24-94. Abstract: This regulation...

Evaluating the Frequency of aac(6')-IIa, ant(2″)-I, intl1, and intl2 Genes in Aminoglycosides Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Obtained from Hospitalized Patients in Yazd, Iran.

PubMed

Mokhtari, Hesam; Eslami, Gilda; Zandi, Hengameh; Dehghan-Banadkouki, Amin; Vakili, Mahmood

2018-01-01

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogen that could be resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Resistance genes can be carried among gram-negative bacteria by integrons. Enzymatic inactivation is the most important mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides. In this study, the frequencies of two important resistance gene aac(6')-II a and ant(2″)-I, and genes coding integrase I and II, in K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to aminoglycosides were evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, an attempt was made to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of 130 K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from different samples of patients hospitalized in training hospitals of Yazd evaluated by disk diffusion method. The frequencies of aac(6')-II a, ant(2″)-I, intl1 , and intl2 genes were determined by PCR method. Data were analyzed by chi-square method using SPSS software (Ver. 16). our results showed that resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and amikacin were 34.6, 33.8, 43.8, and 14.6%, respectively. The frequencies of aac (6')-II a, ant(2″)-I, intl1 , and intl2 genes were 44.6, 27.7, 90, and 0%, respectively. This study showed there are high frequencies of genes coding aminoglycosides resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates. Hence, it is very important to monitor and inhibit the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

Effects of Copper Addition on Copper Resistance, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and intl1 during Swine Manure Composting

PubMed Central

Yin, Yanan; Gu, Jie; Wang, Xiaojuan; Song, Wen; Zhang, Kaiyu; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Yajun; Li, Haichao

2017-01-01

Copper is one of the most abundant heavy metals present in swine manure. In this study, a laboratory-scale aerobic composting system was amended with Cu at three levels (0, 200, and 2000 mg kg-1, i.e., control, Cu200, and Cu2000 treatments, respectively) to determine its effect on the fate of copper resistance genes [copper resistance genes (CRGs): pcoA, cusA, copA, and tcrB], antibiotic resistance genes [antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs): erm(A) and erm(B)], and intl1. The results showed that the absolute abundances of pcoA, tcrB, erm(A), erm(B), and intl1 were reduced, whereas those of copA and cusA increased after swine manure composting. Redundancy analysis showed that temperature significantly affected the variations in CRGs, ARGs, and intl1. The decreases in CRGs, ARGs, and intI1 were positively correlated with the exchangeable Cu levels. The bacterial community could be grouped according to the composting time under different treatments, where the high concentration of copper had a more persistent effect on the bacterial community. Network analysis determined that the co-occurrence of CRGs, ARGs, and intI1, and the bacterial community were the main contributors to the changes in CRGs, ARG, and intl1. Thus, temperature, copper, and changes in the bacterial community composition had important effects on the variations in CRGs, ARGs, and intl1 during manure composting in the presence of added copper. PMID:28316595

Enplanement and All Cargo Activity

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

ORLEANS NEW ORLEANS INTL/M MSY 3,255,817 $3.481.281 41 IL CHICAGO CHICAGO MIDWAY MDW 3,241,851 $3,472.203 42 OR PORTLAND PORTLAND INTL POX # 3,178,617...FNN 66.042 $473.418 NEW MEXICO TOTAL 2.560.292 $4.236.347 3601 COUNTY OF BROOME EDWIN A LINK FIELD-BRD 5GM 151.518 $783.947 3602 COUNTY OF CHAUTAUQUA...PENDLETON MUNI PDT 11,056 $400.000 4109 CITY OF REDMOND ROBERTS FtELD ROM 64.773 $486.820 4113 PORT OF PORTLAND PORTLAND INTL POX # 3.178,617 $1.715.551

Effects of Spray Mixtures on Droplet Size Under Aerial Application Conditions and Implications on Drift

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Liquid Drop Size Characteristics in a Spray Using Optical Nonimaging Light‐Scattering Instruments (ASTM Standards, 2003). The most common term used to...using optical nonimaging light‐scattering instruments. West Conshohocken, Pa.: ASTM Intl. ASTM Standards. 2004. E 1620. Standard terminology relating

Effects of Water Hardness on Spray Droplet Size Under Aerial Application Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Nonimaging Light‐Scattering Instruments (ASTM, 2003). Table 1. Spray formulations for water hardness levels. Hardness (ppm) Tank, L (gal) Kocide, kg (lb...characteristics in a spray using optical nonimaging light‐scattering instruments. W. Conshohocken, Pa.: ASTM Intl. ASTM. 2004. E1620‐97. Standard

76 FR 72615 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

..., IN, Kokomo Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 23, Amdt 1 Terre Haute, IN, Terre Haute Intl-Hulman Field, RNAV (GPS) RWY 5, Orig-B Terre Haute, IN, Terre Haute Intl-Hulman Field, RNAV (GPS) RWY 23, Amdt 1 Louisville, KY...

Severity Levels and Symptoms Complexes for Acute Radiation Sickness -- Description and Quantification

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-30

of military task performance levels. This effort was performed under the guidance and direction of DNA staff members Dr. David Auton and Dr. Robert W...INC ATTN: J HOWE ATTN: S SHRIER HORIZONS TECHNOLOGY, INC S-CUBEDATTN: B PYATT ATTN: J PALMER I:T RESEARCH INSTITUTE SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTL CORP

Selective Capture of CWAs and Containment of Their Neutralization Byproducts by Porous Frameworks Presenting Self-Amplifying and Self-Regulating Reactivities

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-04

Intl. Symposium on Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry, June 2010, Nara, Japan (Plenary talk). O. M. Yaghi, Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, 5th...International Zeolite Membrane Meeting, May 2010, Loutraki, Greece (Plenary talk). O. M. Yaghi, Reticular chemistry and its applications to clean energy

Intelligent Data Fusion for Wide-Area Assessment of UXO Contamination. SERDP Project MM-1510. 2006 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-20

assistance, particularly Dr. Herb Nelson and Dr. Dan Steinhurst. 1 Executive Summary Background. The remediation of sites contaminated with...and applications,” Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems, Taipei, Taiwan , R.O.C., Aug., 1999. 4

76 FR 6050 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-03

... Medford Rogue Valley Intl- 1/0369 1/5/11 ILS OR LOC/DME RWY 14, Amdt 2 Medford. 10-Mar-11 NM Roswell Roswell Intl Air 1/0543 1/7/11 Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle DP, Orig Center. 10-Mar-11 TX El Paso Horizon...

The abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the atmospheric environment of composting plants.

PubMed

Gao, Min; Qiu, Tianlei; Sun, Yanmei; Wang, Xuming

2018-07-01

Composting is considered to reduce the introduction of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment through land application of manure; however, the possible pollution of ARGs in the atmospheric environment of composting plants is unknown. In this study, 29 air samples including up- and downwind, composting, packaging, and office areas from 4 composting plants were collected. Dynamic concentrations of 22 subtypes of ARGs, class 1 integron (intl1), and 2 potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), and bacterial communities were investigated using droplet digital PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. In this study, intl1 and 22 subtypes of ARGs (except tetQ) were detected in air of composting, packaging, office, and downwind areas. The highest concentration of 15 out of 22 subtypes of ARGs was detected in the packaging areas, and intl1 also had the maximum average concentration of 10 4  copies/m 3 , with up to (1.78 ± 0.49) × 10 -2 copies/16S rRNA copy. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling of ARGs, potential HPBs, and bacterial components all indicated that the bioaerosol pollutant pattern in packaging areas was most similar to that in composting areas, followed by office, downwind, and upwind areas. The co-occurrence between ARGs and bacterial taxa assessed by Procrustes test, mantel test, and network analysis implied that aerosolized ARG fragments from composting and packaging areas contributed to the compositions of ARG aerosols in office and downwind areas. The results presented here show that atmoshperic environments of composting plants harbor abundant and diverse ARGs, which highlight the urgent need for comprehensive evaluation of potential human health and ecological risks of composts during both production as well as land application. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 80680 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... RWY 14, Amdt 4. Field-Corsicana Muni. 13 Jan-11 NM Roswell Roswell Intl Air 0/8879 11/23/10 RADAR 1, Orig. Center. 13 Jan-11 NM Roswell Roswell Intl Air 0/8880 11/23/10 LOC BC RWY 3, Amdt 9B. Center. 13...

76 FR 60871 - In the Matter of Certain Toner Cartridges and Components Thereof; Notice of Commission Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

... industry. The Commission's notice of investigation named as respondents Ninestar Image Co. Ltd., (a/k/a Ninestar Technology Co., Ltd.) of Guangdong, China (``Ninestar''); Ninestar Image Int'l, Ltd. of Guangdong, China (``Ninestar Image Int'l''); Seine Image International Co. Ltd. of New Territories, Hong Kong...

76 FR 65951 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

... region in which the affected airport is located; 3. The National Flight Procedures Office, 6500 South... Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) does not warrant preparation of a..., Harbor Intl. published in TL 11-23, is hereby rescinded in its entirety. 17-Nov-11 GQ Agana Guam Intl...

Use of Shape Memory Alloys in the Robust Control of Smart Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

OHP (anions) @ Cation II I I JU Anion O0HP(cations) 0 Ano Cation electrf statically h eld in double layer 0 ’ Double Diff sion Bulk Layer L., Layer I...Effect in Thermoelastic In-Tl Martensite, Mem . Fac. Eng. Kyoto Univ., 43(2): 287-303 (1981) 43. A. Nagasawa, Memory Effect in In-Tl Alloy, J. Phys. Soc

75 FR 44988 - In the Matter of Certain Toner Cartridges and Components Thereof; Notice of Investigation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... which the complaint is to be served: Ninestar Image Int'l, Ltd., No. 63, Mingzhubei Road, Zhuhai, China..., Mingzhubei Road, Zhuhai, China 519075. Seine Image Int'l Co., Ltd., 9/F Unit 18, New Commerce Centre, No. 9 On Lai Str., Shatin, Hong Kong. Ninestar Image Co., Ltd., 9/F Unit 18, New Commerce Centre, No. 9 On...

78 FR 14010 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... by reference in this amendment under 5 U.S.C. 552(a), 1 CFR part 51, and 14 CFR part 97.20. The... 97 continues to read as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40103, 40106, 40113, 40114, 40120... Intl, LDA PRM RWY 6R, Amdt 1C, CANCELED Cleveland, OH, Cleveland-Hopkins Intl, LDA PRM RWY 24L, Orig-C...

75 FR 63710 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-18

...: * * * Effective Upon Publication AIRAC date State City Airport FDC No. FDC date Subject 18-Nov-10 CQ SAIPAN ISLAND...... FRANCISCO C. ADA/ 0/1358 9/29/10 ILS OR LOC/DME RWY 7, AMDT 5B. SAIPAN INTL. 18-Nov-10 CQ SAIPAN ISLAND...... FRANCISCO C. ADA/ 0/1359 9/29/10 NDB/DME RWY 25, AMDT 2A SAIPAN INTL. 18-Nov-10 CQ SAIPAN ISLAND...

Sequential Adaptive Multi-Modality Target Detection and Classification Using Physics Based Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

estimation," R. Raghuram, R. Raich and A.O. Hero, IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech , and Signal Processing, Toulouse France, June 2006, <http...can then be solved using off-the-shelf classifiers such as radial basis functions, SVM, or kNN classifier structures. When applied to mine detection we...stage waveform selection for adaptive resource constrained state estimation," 2006 IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech , and Signal Processing

77 FR 3098 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-23

... ILS OR LOC RWY 5L, ILS RWY 5L (CAT II), ILS RWY 5L (CAT III), Orig 9-Feb-12 NC Greensboro Piedmont... RWY 27R, ILS RWY 27R (CAT II), Amdt 10C 9-Feb-12 NC Greensboro Piedmont Triad Intl. 1/4677 1/3/12 ILS OR LOC RWY 5R, ILS RWY 5R (CAT II), Amdt 7 9-Feb-12 FL Jacksonville......... Jacksonville Intl... 1...

77 FR 24371 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

...-May-12 NC Charlotte Charlotte/Douglas 2/0925 4/10/12 ILS OR LOC RWY 18R, ILS RWY 18R (CAT II), Intl. ILS RWY 18R (CAT III), Orig-A. 31-May-12 NC Charlotte Charlotte/Douglas 2/0926 4/10/12 ILS OR LOC RWY 36L, ILS RWY 36L (CAT II), Intl. ILS RWY 36L (CAT III), Orig-A. 31-May-12 TX Dallas-Fort Worth...

76 FR 37263 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

..., Amdt 5B 28-Jul-11 SC Allendale Allendale County... 1/2564 6/3/11 GPS RWY 17, Orig-A 28-Jul-11 GA Tifton... RNAV (RNP) Y RWY 9L, Orig-C Hollywood Intl. 28-Jul-11 GA Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson 1/0500 6/3/11 RNAV (RNP) Z RWY 26R, Orig-A Atlanta Intl. 28-Jul-11 GA Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson 1/0501 6/3/11 RNAV (RNP...

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SuperConductor (Beyond: (but via!!!) MgB2, Cuprates, Pnictides) Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, Wendell; Siegel, Edward

2011-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe new applications: charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield ("N-NW" of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1, 2 & 4, 927(1987)]-"land" predicted high-EST-POSSIBLE Tc SC "LiD2"; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)11,45(1972);Semiconductors.and Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb-IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term NOT "CO2" BUT C-sequestration: PROFITABLE "Grab and Sell" TRUMPS "cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in "borax-(GLASS)-beads"; and very-earlySiegel [{3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy }(1980)-vol.5/p.459!!!] "FLYING-WATER" Hindenberg-effect (H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via Hydrogen-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy "chemical-rain-in-pipelines", only via Siegel proprietary "magnetic-hydrogen-valve"(MHV): Renewables-Hydrogen-Water flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating-system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

77 FR 41666 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... Angeles..... Los Angeles 2/4270 6/18/12 ILS OR LOC RWY Intl. 25L, Amdt 12, ILS RWY 25L (CAT II), Amdt 12, ILS RWY 25L (CAT III), Amdt 12 26-Jul-12 CA Los Angeles..... Los Angeles 2/4271 6/18/12 ILS OR LOC RWY Intl. 24R, Amdt 24, ILS RWY 24R (CAT II), Amdt 24, ILS RWY 24R (CAT III), Amdt 24 26-Jul-12 IA Des...

Military Standard Transportation and Movement Procedures. Volume 1. Change 5

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-12

ANATA AMT JUNEAU JNU ANNAROO ANY KETCHIKAN INTL AIRPORT KTN ANDAMOOKA ADO KING SALMON AKN ANGUS DOWNS ANZ KODIAK ADQ ARARAT ARY KOTZEBUE OTZ ARGYLE DOWNS...ARX ASBURY PARK, NJ AUA ARUBA, ARUBA ARY ARARAT , AUSTRALIA AUB ITAUBA, BRAZIL ARZ N’ZETO, ANGOLA AUC ARAUCA, COLOMBIA F4-22 C5 DoD 4500.32-R Vol. I...CAYMAN, WEST INDIES MCI KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI-INTL. USA LYC LYCKSELE, SWEDEN MCK MCCOOK, NEBRASKA, USA LYE LYNEHAM, UNITED KINGDOM M04 MONTE CARLO

46 CFR 11.910 - Subjects for deck officer endorsements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Procedures X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Emergency Towing X X X X X Medical Care: Knowledge and use of: Int'l. Medical Guide for Ships X X Ship Med. Chest and Med. Aid at Sea X X Medical Sec., Inter... terminology. Applicants for sail/auxiliary sail endorsements to master, mate or operator of uninspected...

46 CFR 11.910 - Subjects for deck officer endorsements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Procedures X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Emergency Towing X X X X X Medical Care: Knowledge and use of: Int'l. Medical Guide for Ships X X Ship Med. Chest and Med. Aid at Sea X X Medical Sec., Inter... terminology. Applicants for sail/auxiliary sail endorsements to master, mate or operator of uninspected...

46 CFR 11.910 - Subjects for deck officer endorsements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Procedures X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Emergency Towing X X X X X Medical Care: Knowledge and use of: Int'l. Medical Guide for Ships X X Ship Med. Chest and Med. Aid at Sea X X Medical Sec., Inter... terminology. Applicants for sail/auxiliary sail endorsements to master, mate or operator of uninspected...

A Survey of Object-Oriented Database Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

now mention briefly the various security and autho- rization schemes provided by GEMSTONE. 1. Login Authorization. There are two ways to login to...GemStone- through the OPAL programming environment or through the GemStone C interface. A user ID and password is required in both cases to login . 2. Name...lIlj A. Black. Object structure in the Emerald system. Proc. Ist Intl. Conf. on Objcct- Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, pp

EPI-SPIRE: A Bio-Surveillance Prototype

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-01

application to Lyme disease vectors. Intl J GIS 16:151-166. Glass, GE, TL Yates, JB Fine, TM Shields, JB Kendall, AG Hope, CA Parmenter CJ Peters, TG...EB Hayes & BS Schwartz. 2003. Longitudinal evaluation of an educational intervention to prevent tick bites in an area of endemic Lyme disease in...34. Fine, JB, JL Robertson, GE Glass. 2004. Borrelia burgdorferi exposure in asymptomatic populations of horses in Maryland and Virginia. Am J Vet

46 CFR 11.910 - Subjects for deck officer endorsements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Procedures X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Emergency Towing X X X X X Medical Care: Knowledge and use of: Int'l. Medical Guide for Ships X X Ship Med. Chest and Med. Aid at Sea X X Medical Sec., Inter... terminology. Applicants for sail/auxiliary sail endorsements to master, mate or operator of uninspected...

Velocity and Structure Estimation of a Moving Object Using a Moving Monocular Camera

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

map the Euclidean position of static landmarks or visual features in the environment . Recent applications of this technique include aerial...From Motion in a Piecewise Planar Environment ,” International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 485-508...1988. [9] J. M. Ferryman, S. J. Maybank , and A. D. Worrall, “Visual Surveil- lance for Moving Vehicles,” Intl. Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 37, No

Enplanement and All Cargo Activity

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

AFB FAYETTEVILLE NC 9 0 7,083 PR03 FAJARDO HARBOR FAJARDO PR 6 88,095 88,095 PTN HARRY P WILLIAMS M PATTERSON LA S 0 152 RWL RAWLINS MUNI RAWLINS WY S...NEW IBERIA ACADIANA REGIONAL ARA 231 LA HOUMA HOOMA-TERREBONNE HUM 209 LA PATTERSON HARRY P WILLIAMS MEN PTN 152 LA NEW ORLEANS NEW ORLEANS HAS /ALV...HOUSTON WILLIAM P HOBBY HOU 4,008,376 37 Tm ME4PHIS mPs INTL MEN 3,956,537 30 NO KANSAS CITY KANSAS CITY INTL MCI 3,697,822 39 OR PORTLAND PORTLAND

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SC Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, W.; Siegel, E.

2010-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe[Kraus,Hunt,Ramsdell, Mineralogy (1936)] new applications:charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield (``N-NW'' of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1,2 & 4,927(1987)]-``land'' predicted high-EST- POSSIBLE Tc SC ˜ ``LiD2''; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a) 11,45(1972);Semiconductors & Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb- IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term STRATEGY, NOT ``CO2" BUT NON-gas Carbon-``ELEMENT"-sequestration: PROFITABLE MARKETABLE SALEABLE VALUABLE USEFUL ``Grab and Sell" TRUMPS ``cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in ``borax-(GLASS)- beads"; and very-early Siegel [3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy,Hemi- sphere/Springer(1980)-vol.5/p.459] ``FLYING-WATER" ``Hindenberg- effect"(H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via H2-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy ``chemical-rain-in-piplines", only via Siegel GMR enabled diffusive-magnetoresistance(DMR)enabled Siegel proprietary ``magnetic-H-valve": Renewables-H2-H2O purposely flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating- system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

Implementation of a Fault Tolerant Control Unit within an FPGA for Space Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Conference 2002, September 2002. [20] M. Alderighi, A. Candelori, F. Casini, S. D’Angelo, M. Mancini, A. Paccagnella, S. Pastore , G.R. Sechi, “Heavy...Luigi Carro and Ricardo Reis , “Designing and Testing Fault-Tolerant Techniques for SRAM-based FPGAs,” in Proc. 1st Conference on Computer Frontiers, pp...susceptibility,” in IEEE Proc. 12th IEEE Intl. Symposium on On-Line Testing, pp. 89-91, 2006. [45] Fernanda Lima, Luigi Carro and Ricardo Reis

Accretion Rate and the Physical Nature of Unobscured Active Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trump, Jonathan R.; Impey, Christopher D.; Kelly, Brandon C.; Civano, Francesca; Gabor, Jared M.; Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M.; Merloni, Andrea; Urry, C. Megan; Hao, Heng; Jahnke, Knud; Nagao, Tohru; Taniguchi, Yoshi; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Lanzuisi, Giorgio; Liu, Charles; Mainieri, Vincenzo; Salvato, Mara; Scoville, Nick Z.

2011-05-01

We show how accretion rate governs the physical properties of a sample of unobscured broad-line, narrow-line, and lineless active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We avoid the systematic errors plaguing previous studies of AGN accretion rates by using accurate intrinsic accretion luminosities (L int) from well-sampled multiwavelength spectral energy distributions from the Cosmic Evolution Survey, and accurate black hole masses derived from virial scaling relations (for broad-line AGNs) or host-AGN relations (for narrow-line and lineless AGNs). In general, broad emission lines are present only at the highest accretion rates (L int/L Edd > 10-2), and these rapidly accreting AGNs are observed as broad-line AGNs or possibly as obscured narrow-line AGNs. Narrow-line and lineless AGNs at lower specific accretion rates (L int/L Edd < 10-2) are unobscured and yet lack a broad-line region. The disappearance of the broad emission lines is caused by an expanding radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) at the inner radius of the accretion disk. The presence of the RIAF also drives L int/L Edd < 10-2 narrow-line and lineless AGNs to have ratios of radio-to-optical/UV emission that are 10 times higher than L int/L Edd > 10-2 broad-line AGNs, since the unbound nature of the RIAF means it is easier to form a radio outflow. The IR torus signature also tends to become weaker or disappear from L int/L Edd < 10-2 AGNs, although there may be additional mid-IR synchrotron emission associated with the RIAF. Together, these results suggest that specific accretion rate is an important physical "axis" of AGN unification, as described by a simple model. Based on observations with the XMM-Newton satellite, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA member states and NASA; the Magellan telescope, operated by the Carnegie Observatories; the ESO Very Large Telescope; and the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution; the Subaru Telescope, operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, operated at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

Dissipation and transport of veterinary sulfonamide antibiotics after manure application to grassland in a small catchment.

PubMed

Stoob, Krispin; Singer, Heinz P; Mueller, Stephan R; Schwarzenbach, René P; Stamm, Christian H

2007-11-01

The heavy use of veterinary antibiotics in modern animal production causes concern about risks of spreading antibiotic resistance after manure applications to agricultural fields. We report on a field study aiming at elucidating the fate of sulfonamide (SA) antibiotics in grassland soils and their transport to surface water. Two controlled manure applications were carried out under different weather conditions. After both applications, the SA concentrations in pore water and the total soil content declined rapidly. This stage of fast decline was followed by a second one during which the SA were rather persistent. More than 15% of the SAs applied were still present in the soil 3 months after application, always exceeding 100 microg/kg topsoil. The apparent SA sorption increased strongly with time. Accordingly, the risk for SA losses to water bodies decreased within 2 weeks to very low values. In contrast to SA concentrations in the soil, losses to the brook were strongly influenced by the weather conditions after the two manure applications. The overall losses were 15 times larger (about 0.5% of applied SA) during the wet conditions of May 2003 compared to the dry conditions following the first application (March 2003).

Camp Minden Fact Sheet July 2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Louisiana Military Department (LMD) led a Community Meeting on June 30, 2015. The LMD contractor, Explosive Service Intl., and its subcontractor El Dorado Engineering, presented details of Contained Burn System (CBS).

Cost-effectiveness of milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular events among the adult population in China: a Markov model

PubMed Central

Dainelli, Livia; Xu, Tingting; Li, Min; Zimmermann, Diane; Fang, Hai; Wu, Yangfeng; Detzel, Patrick

2017-01-01

Objective To model the long-term cost-effectiveness of consuming milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prevent cardiovascular events. Design A best case scenario analysis using a Markov model was conducted. Participants 8.67% of 50–79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China, including individuals with and without a prior diagnosis of hypertension. Intervention The model simulated the potential impact of a daily intake of two servings of milk powder fortified with potassium (+700 mg/day) vs the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to 0.99 international dollars (intl$; the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to intl$0.99 for the latter and to intl$1.12 for the first (+13.13%). Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. Main outcome measures Estimates of the incidence of cardiovascular events and subsequent mortality in China were derived from the literature as well as the effect of increasing potassium intake on blood pressure. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of a milk powder fortified with potassium taking into consideration the direct medical costs associated with the cardiovascular events, loss of working days and health utilities impact. Results With an ICER equal to int$4711.56 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year) in the best case scenario and assuming 100% compliance, the daily consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium shown to be a cost-effective approach to decrease SBP and reduce cardiovascular events in China. Healthcare savings due to prevention would amount to intl$8.41 billion. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the results. Conclusion Together with other preventive interventions, the consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium could represent a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the rapid rise in cardiovascular burden among the 50–79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China. PMID:28951410

Different weight bearing push-up plus exercises with and without isometric horizontal abduction in subjects with scapular winging: A randomized trial.

PubMed

Choi, Woo-Jeong; Yoon, Tae-Lim; Choi, Sil-Ah; Lee, Ji-Hyun; Cynn, Heon-Seock

2017-07-01

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the application of isometric horizontal abduction (IHA) differentially affected two weight-bearing push-up plus exercises by examining activation of the scapulothoracic muscles in subjects with scapular winging. Fifteen male subjects performed standard push-up plus (SPP) and wall push-up plus (WPP), with and without IHA. Two-way analyses of variance using two within-subject factors were used to determine the statistical significance of observed differences in upper trapezius (UT), pectoralis major (PM), and serratus anterior (SA) muscle activities and UT/SA and PM/SA muscle activity ratios. UT and SA muscle activities were greater during SPP than WPP. PM muscle activity was lower with IHA application. The UT/SA and PM/SA muscle activity ratios were lower during SPP than WPP. The PM/SA muscle activity ratio was lower with IHA application. The results suggest that IHA application using a Thera-Band can effectively reduce PM muscle activity during SPP and WPP exercises. Moreover, the SPP exercise can be used to increase UT and SA muscle activity and reduce the UT/SA and PM/SA muscle activity ratios in subjects with scapular winging. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid alleviates aluminum toxicity in soybean roots through modulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ning; Song, Fengbin; Zhu, Xiancan; You, Jiangfeng; Yang, Zhenming; Li, Xiangnan

2017-11-01

As an important signal molecule, salicylic acid (SA) improves plant tolerance to aluminum (Al) stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous SA application on the dynamics of endogenous SA and reactive oxygen species in soybean (Glycine max L.) exposed to Al stress. The roots of soybean seedlings were exposed to a combination of AlCl3 (30 μM) and SA (10 μM)/PAC (100 μM, paclobutrazol, SA biosynthesis inhibitor) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Al stress induced an increase in endogenous SA concentration in a time-dependent manner, also verified by the up-regulated expression of GmNPR1, an SA-responsive gene. Al stress increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase (BA2H), and the contents of SA, O2- and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root apex. The application of exogenous SA increased PAL and BA2H, and reduced O2- and MDA contents in soybean roots under Al stress. PAC inhibited the SA induced increase in BA2H activity. In addition, the SA application resulted in a rapid increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration under Al stress, followed by a sharp decrease. Compared with the plants exposed to Al alone, Al+SA plants possessed higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, and lower catalase activity, indicating that SA alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage. These results suggested that PAL and BA2H were involved in Al-induced SA production and showed that SA alleviated the adverse effects of Al toxicity by modulating the cellular H2O2 level and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the soybean root apex.

Cost-effectiveness of milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular events among the adult population in China: a Markov model.

PubMed

Dainelli, Livia; Xu, Tingting; Li, Min; Zimmermann, Diane; Fang, Hai; Wu, Yangfeng; Detzel, Patrick

2017-09-25

To model the long-term cost-effectiveness of consuming milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prevent cardiovascular events. A best case scenario analysis using a Markov model was conducted. 8.67% of 50-79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China, including individuals with and without a prior diagnosis of hypertension. The model simulated the potential impact of a daily intake of two servings of milk powder fortified with potassium (+700 mg/day) vs the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to 0.99 international dollars (intl$; the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to intl$0.99 for the latter and to intl$1.12 for the first (+13.13%). Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. Estimates of the incidence of cardiovascular events and subsequent mortality in China were derived from the literature as well as the effect of increasing potassium intake on blood pressure. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of a milk powder fortified with potassium taking into consideration the direct medical costs associated with the cardiovascular events, loss of working days and health utilities impact. With an ICER equal to int$4711.56 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year) in the best case scenario and assuming 100% compliance, the daily consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium shown to be a cost-effective approach to decrease SBP and reduce cardiovascular events in China. Healthcare savings due to prevention would amount to intl$8.41 billion. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the results. Together with other preventive interventions, the consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium could represent a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the rapid rise in cardiovascular burden among the 50-79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

49 CFR 572.20 - Limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-Year-Old Child § 572.20 Limbs. The limbs consist of the assemblies shown on drawing SA 103C 001 as Nos. SA 103C 041, SA 103C 042, SA 103C 051, SA... each of the applicable drawings listed under their respective numbers of the drawing SA 103C 002...

77 FR 50014 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

... navigational facilities, adding new obstacles, or changing air traffic requirements. These changes are designed.... Intl. 20-Sep-12 TX Houston Sugar Land Rgnl.... 2/8058 7/19/12 TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND (OBSTACLE) DP, Amdt...

Impact of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-regulated defences on root colonization by Trichoderma harzianum T-78.

PubMed

Martínez-Medina, Ainhoa; Appels, Freek V W; van Wees, Saskia C M

2017-08-03

We recently found that the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T-78 primes tomato plants for salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defenses, resulting in enhanced resistance against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By using SA- and JA-impaired mutant lines and exogenous hormonal application, here we investigated whether the SA- and JA-pathways also have a role in T-78 root colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana. Endophytic colonization by T-78 was faster in the SA-impaired mutant sid2 than in the wild type. Moreover, elicitation of SA-dependent defenses by SA application reduced T-78 colonization, indicating that the SA-pathway affects T-78 endophytism. In contrast, elicitation of the JA-pathway, which antagonized SA-dependent defenses, resulted in enhanced endophytic colonization by T-78. These findings are in line with our previous observation that SA-dependent defenses are repressed by T-78, which likely aids colonization by the endophytic fungus.

75 FR 61244 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-04

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service [INTL-9-95] Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and... written comments to Gerald J. Shields, Internal Revenue Service, room 6129, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW...

FAA Weather Surveillance Requirements in the Context on NEXRAD.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-19

NEXRAD Technical Requirements NUOC NEXRAD User’s Operations Concept NWS National Weather Service Pd Probability of Detection Pfa Probability of False...Winston 25. Minneapolis-St. Paul Intl. Salem Regional 26. Jacksonville International 54. Bradley International 27. Newark International 55. Roanoke

77 FR 71873 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-04

... an existing Treatment of Shareholders of Certain Passive Foreign Investment Companies. DATES: Written... Foreign Investment Companies. OMB Number: 1545-1507. Regulation Project Number: INTL-656-87 (TD 8701... of passive foreign investment companies (PFICSs). The requirements enable the Internal Revenue...

Uncooled Tunable LWIR Microbolometer

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-05

switches [19], micromirrors in projection displays [20], and tunable thermal detectors [21, 22], etc. In all these devices, contact must be achieved...Failure Mechanisms of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)”, Proc. 36th Annual Intl. Reliability Physics Symposium, Reno, NV, pp. 9-16, 1998. [33

75 FR 40027 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request For Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-13

... INTL-704-87, Treatment of Shareholders of Certain Passive Foreign Investment Companies (Sec. 1.1291-1...: Treatment of Shareholders of Certain Passive Foreign Investment Companies. OMB Number: 1545-1304. Regulation... taxation of shareholders of certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) upon payment of...

75 FR 13207 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

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2010-03-18

... comments concerning an existing final regulation, INTL-362-88 (TD 8618), Definition of a Controlled Foreign..., 2010 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to R. Joseph Durbala... INFORMATION: Title: Definition of a Controlled Foreign Corporation, Foreign Base Company Income and Foreign...

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 17. Number 6

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

Australia 3032 Friction Intl. J. Impact Engrg., Z (2), pp 151-167 E. Marui , S. Kato (1984), 14 figs, I table, 17 refs Gifu Univ., 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu-shi 501...Martinez-Sanchez............... 1153 * Jensen, J.J ................. 1094 Marui , F ............... 1202 Jery, B........................ 1073 Marulo,F

75 FR 28331 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... comments concerning an existing final regulation, INTL-955-86 (TD 8350), Requirements For Investments to Qualify Under Section 936(d)(4) As Investments in Qualified Caribbean Basin Countries (Sec. 1.936-10(c... Internet at [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Requirements For Investments to...

Determination of proteins induced in response to jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in resistant and susceptible cultivars of tomato.

PubMed

Afroz, Amber; Khan, Muhammad Rashid; Komatsu, Setsuko

2010-07-01

Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are signaling molecules that play key roles in the regulation of metabolic processes, reproduction, and defense against pathogens. The proteomics approach was used to identify proteins that are induced by JA and SA in the tomato cultivars Roma and Pant Bahr, which are susceptible and resistant to bacterial wilt, respectively. Threonine deaminase and leucine amino peptidase were upregulated, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small chain was downregulated by time-course application of JA. Translationally controlled tumor protein was upregulated by time-course application of SA. Protein disulfide isomerase was upregulated by application of either JA or SA. Proteins related to defense, energy, and protein destination/storage are suspected to be responsible for the susceptibility or resistance of the cultivars. Furthermore, in Roma, iron ABC transporter was upregulated by JA and down-regulated by SA. Iron ABC transporter plays a part in the signal transduction of both JA and SA in cultivars of tomato that are resistant to bacterial wilt.

Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress

PubMed Central

Nazar, Rahat; Umar, Shahid; Khan, Nafees A.

2015-01-01

Ascorbate (AsA)–glutathione (GSH) cycle metabolism has been regarded as the most important defense mechanism for the resistance of plants under stress. In this study the influence of salicylic acid (SA) was studied on ascorbate-glutathione pathway, S-assimilation, photosynthesis and growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants subjected to 100 mM NaCl. Treatment of SA (0.5 mM) alleviated the negative effects of salt stress and improved photosynthesis and growth through increase in enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione pathway which suggest that SA may participate in the redox balance under salt stress. The increase in leaf sulfur content through higher activity of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) and serine acetyl transferase (SAT) by SA application was associated with the increased accumulation of glutathione (GSH) and lower levels of oxidative stress. These effects of SA were substantiated by the findings that application of SA-analog, 2,6, dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and 1 mM GSH treatment produced similar results on rubisco, photosynthesis and growth of plants establishing that SA application alleviates the salt-induced decrease in photosynthesis mainly through inducing the enzyme activity of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and increased GSH production. Thus, SA/GSH could be a promising tool for alleviation of salt stress in mustard plants. PMID:25730495

77 FR 60025 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Information Collection Tools

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

... an existing final regulation, INTL-485-89 (TD 8400), Taxation of Gain or Loss from Certain... information collection tools, reporting, and record-keeping requirements: (1) Title: Taxation of Gain or Loss... to make elections concerning the taxation of exchange gain or loss on certain foreign currency...

75 FR 20998 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License; Reissuance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... Logistics, Commercial Port Annex, 2nd Floor, 1010 Cabras Highway Piti, Guam 96915. 018413NF Chicago Int'l Forwarder February 11, 2010. Incorporated, 423 East Irving Park Road, Wood Dale, IL 60191. 019908NF International Trade Management February 21, 2010. Group, LLC dba Patriot Lines, dba ITM Logistics, 611 Live Oak...

77 FR 59168 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

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2012-09-26

.... Dynamic Network Container Line Limited ECO System Co., Ltd. ECO System Corporation Elite International... Corporation Guangdong Xionglue Technology Guangzhou Qiwei Imports and Exports Co., Ltd. Guoxin Group Wang Shun.... Hubei Boshilong Technology Co., Ltd. Huiyuan Int'l Commerce Exhibition Co., Ltd. Jiashan Superpower...

Methyl salicylate differently affects benzenoid and terpenoid volatile emissions in Betula pendula.

PubMed

Liu, Bin; Kaurilind, Eve; Jiang, Yifan; Niinemets, Ülo

2018-06-20

Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a long-distance signal transduction chemical that plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress and herbivore and pathogen attacks. However, it is unclear how photosynthesis and elicitation of plant volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different metabolic pathways respond to the dose of MeSA. We applied different MeSA concentrations (0-50 mM) to study how exogenous MeSA alters VOC profiles of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves from application through recovery (0.5-23 h). Methyl salicylate application significantly reduced net assimilation rate in 10 mM and 20 mM MeSA-treated plants. No significant effects of MeSA were observed on the stomatal conductance at any MeSA concentration. Methyl salicylate elicited emissions of benzenoids (BZ), monoterpenes (MT) and fatty acid derived compounds (LOX products). Emission rates of BZ were positively, but emission rates of MT were negatively correlated with MeSA concentration. Total emission of LOX products was not influenced by MeSA concentration. Emission rate of MT was negatively correlated with BZ and the share of MT in the total emission blend decreased and the share of BZ increased with increasing MeSA concentration. Although the share of LOX products was similar across MeSA treatments, some LOX products responded differently to MeSA concentration, ultimately resulting in unique VOC blends. Overall, this study demonstrates inverse responses of MT and BZ to different MeSA doses such that plant defense mechanisms induced by lower MeSA doses mainly lead to enhanced MT synthesis, whereas greater MeSA doses trigger BZ-related defense mechanisms. Our results will contribute to improving the understanding of birch defenses induced upon regular herbivore attacks and pathogen infections in boreal forests.

Photochromic properties of the N-Salicylideneaniline in Polyvinyl Butyral matrix: Experimental and theoretical investigations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shahab, Siyamak; Filippovich, Liudmila; Aharodnikova, M.; Almodarresiyeh, Hora A.; Hajikolaee, Fatemeh Haji; Kumar, Rakesh; Mashayekhi, Mahsa

2017-04-01

In the present work, isomerization, photophysical properties, thermal conductivity (λ) and spectral study of the N-Salicylideneaniline: 2-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (SA) under the action of UV radiation in the Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) matrix were studied using the Indicator method and Density Functional Theory (DFT). The electronic absorption spectra of SA and its isomers (SA1 and SA2) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions were also calculated. The nature of absorption bands of SA, SA1 and SA2 in the visible and near ultraviolet spectral regions was interpreted. The excitation energies, electronic transitions and oscillator strengths for SA, SA1 and SA2 have also been calculated. Thermal Conductivity of PVB-films containing SA before and after UV radiation was also measured. A Photochromic PVB - film on the basis of SA for application in optical devices and display technologies was made.

MimoSA: a system for minimotif annotation

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Minimotifs are short peptide sequences within one protein, which are recognized by other proteins or molecules. While there are now several minimotif databases, they are incomplete. There are reports of many minimotifs in the primary literature, which have yet to be annotated, while entirely novel minimotifs continue to be published on a weekly basis. Our recently proposed function and sequence syntax for minimotifs enables us to build a general tool that will facilitate structured annotation and management of minimotif data from the biomedical literature. Results We have built the MimoSA application for minimotif annotation. The application supports management of the Minimotif Miner database, literature tracking, and annotation of new minimotifs. MimoSA enables the visualization, organization, selection and editing functions of minimotifs and their attributes in the MnM database. For the literature components, Mimosa provides paper status tracking and scoring of papers for annotation through a freely available machine learning approach, which is based on word correlation. The paper scoring algorithm is also available as a separate program, TextMine. Form-driven annotation of minimotif attributes enables entry of new minimotifs into the MnM database. Several supporting features increase the efficiency of annotation. The layered architecture of MimoSA allows for extensibility by separating the functions of paper scoring, minimotif visualization, and database management. MimoSA is readily adaptable to other annotation efforts that manually curate literature into a MySQL database. Conclusions MimoSA is an extensible application that facilitates minimotif annotation and integrates with the Minimotif Miner database. We have built MimoSA as an application that integrates dynamic abstract scoring with a high performance relational model of minimotif syntax. MimoSA's TextMine, an efficient paper-scoring algorithm, can be used to dynamically rank papers with respect to context. PMID:20565705

G‐LoSA: An efficient computational tool for local structure‐centric biological studies and drug design

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Abstract Molecular recognition by protein mostly occurs in a local region on the protein surface. Thus, an efficient computational method for accurate characterization of protein local structural conservation is necessary to better understand biology and drug design. We present a novel local structure alignment tool, G‐LoSA. G‐LoSA aligns protein local structures in a sequence order independent way and provides a GA‐score, a chemical feature‐based and size‐independent structure similarity score. Our benchmark validation shows the robust performance of G‐LoSA to the local structures of diverse sizes and characteristics, demonstrating its universal applicability to local structure‐centric comparative biology studies. In particular, G‐LoSA is highly effective in detecting conserved local regions on the entire surface of a given protein. In addition, the applications of G‐LoSA to identifying template ligands and predicting ligand and protein binding sites illustrate its strong potential for computer‐aided drug design. We hope that G‐LoSA can be a useful computational method for exploring interesting biological problems through large‐scale comparison of protein local structures and facilitating drug discovery research and development. G‐LoSA is freely available to academic users at http://im.compbio.ku.edu/GLoSA/. PMID:26813336

G-LoSA: An efficient computational tool for local structure-centric biological studies and drug design.

PubMed

Lee, Hui Sun; Im, Wonpil

2016-04-01

Molecular recognition by protein mostly occurs in a local region on the protein surface. Thus, an efficient computational method for accurate characterization of protein local structural conservation is necessary to better understand biology and drug design. We present a novel local structure alignment tool, G-LoSA. G-LoSA aligns protein local structures in a sequence order independent way and provides a GA-score, a chemical feature-based and size-independent structure similarity score. Our benchmark validation shows the robust performance of G-LoSA to the local structures of diverse sizes and characteristics, demonstrating its universal applicability to local structure-centric comparative biology studies. In particular, G-LoSA is highly effective in detecting conserved local regions on the entire surface of a given protein. In addition, the applications of G-LoSA to identifying template ligands and predicting ligand and protein binding sites illustrate its strong potential for computer-aided drug design. We hope that G-LoSA can be a useful computational method for exploring interesting biological problems through large-scale comparison of protein local structures and facilitating drug discovery research and development. G-LoSA is freely available to academic users at http://im.compbio.ku.edu/GLoSA/. © 2016 The Protein Society.

78 FR 21101 - Certain Steel Threaded Rod From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of...

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2013-04-09

.... Ltd. PSGT Trading Jingjiang Ltd. Qingdao Free Trade Zone Health Intl. Shanghai East Best Foreign Trade...) Shanghai Furen International Trading; and (5) Shanghai Printing and Packaging Machinery Corp. No other... International Trading Co. Ningbo Qunli Fastener Manufacture Co., Ltd. Ningbo Shuanglin Auto Parts Co., Ltd...

78 FR 66330 - Certain Steel Threaded Rod From the People's Republic of China; Final Results of Third...

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2013-11-05

...., Ltd Panther T&H Industry Co. Ltd PSGT Trading Jingjiang Ltd Qingdao Free Trade Zone Health Intl... Co., Ltd.; (4) Shanghai Furen International Trading; and (5) Shanghai Printing and Packaging...., Ltd Ningbo Pal International Trading Co. Ningbo Qunli Fastener Manufacture Co., Ltd Ningbo Shuanglin...

75 FR 4770 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews, Request for Revocation...

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2010-01-29

... Wai Yuan Bee Products Co., Ltd Chengdu Stone Dynasty Art Stone... Dongtai Peak Honey Industry Co., Ltd Eurasia Bee's Products Co., Ltd... Fresh Honey Co., Ltd. (formerly Mgl. Yun Shen) Golden Tadco Int'l... Co. Ltd. Hubei Yusun Co., Ltd Inner Mongolia Altin Bee-Keeping.. Inner Mongolia Youth Trade...

Biological Basis for Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

2005;16:955-63. 11) Kelemen L, James M, Spurdle A, Campbell I, Chang-Claude J, Peel D, Anton-Culver H, Berchuck A, Schildkraut J, Whittemore A...X., Abbazadegan, M., et al. CYP17 promotor polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk. Intl J Cancer. 2000; 86: 436-9. 23.Menin, C., Banna , G. L., De

76 FR 36287 - Temporary Exemptions and Other Temporary Relief, Together With Information on Compliance Dates...

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2011-06-22

... Econ. Dep't, Bank for Int'l Settlements, Triennial and Semiannual Surveys--Positions in Global Over-the...-Based Swap Data Repository Registration, Duties, and Core Principles, 75 FR 77305 (Dec. 10, 2010..., duties, and core principles for SB SEFs. See Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution...

75 FR 47896 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

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2010-08-09

... concerning an existing final regulation, INTL-3-95 (TD 8687), Source of Income From Sales of Inventory and...: Source of Income From Sales of Inventory and Natural Resources Produced in One Jurisdiction and Sold in... or other inventory produced in the United States and sold outside the United States or produced...

77 FR 38663 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

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2012-06-28

... domestic industry in an investigation resulting in-- (A) An affirmative determination of serious injury or.... & Fulfillment Dept., Manpower, KForce, etc., & Remote Workers in NY Reporting to Miamisburg, OH. 81,638A LexisNexis, Customer Service Albany, NY May 18, 2011. Dept. & Fulfillment Dept., Manpower, Robert Half Int'l...

75 FR 35627 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... Diego Montgomery Field.... 0/4634 6/9/10 TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND OBSTACLE DP, AMDT 3. 29-Jul-10 CQ Saipan Francisco C. Ada/ 0/9757 3/16/10 ILS OR LOC/DME RWY 7, AMDT 5A. Saipan Intl. [FR Doc. 2010-14980 Filed 6-22...

75 FR 42445 - Yakov Kobel and Victor Berkovich v. Hapag-Lloyd America, Inc., Limco Logistics, Inc., and...

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2010-07-21

... container in Respondents' custody to Complainants, and subsequently shipped the damaged container; failed to... liquidated three of five containers. Through these actions, Complainants allege that Respondent Int'l INC engaged in practice as an ocean transportation intermediary without a license and accepted cargo for an...

77 FR 50012 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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75 FR 44851 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

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... Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting... Income and Earnings and Profits under the Dollar Approximate Separate Transactions Method of Accounting... Transactions Method of Accounting (DASTM). OMB Number: 1545-1051. Regulation Project Number: INTL-29-91...

Exogenous application of salicylic acid to alleviate the toxic effects of insecticides in Vicia faba L.

PubMed

Singh, Aradhana; Srivastava, Anjil Kumar; Singh, Ashok Kumar

2013-12-01

The present study investigated the possible mediatory role of salicylic acid (SA) in protecting plants from insecticides toxicity. The seeds of Vicia faba var IIVR Selection-1 were treated with different concentrations (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 ppm) of the insecticides alphamethrin (AM) and endosulfan (ES) for 6 h with and without 12 h conditioning treatment of SA (0.01 mM). Insecticides treatment caused a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and induction of different types of chromosomal abnormalities in the meristematic cells of broad bean roots. Pretreatment of seeds with SA resulted in increased MI and significant reduction of chromosomal abnormalities. SA application also regulated proline accumulation and carotenoid content in the leaf tissues. SA resulted in the decrement of insecticides induced increase in proline content and increased the carotenoids content. These results illustrate the ameliorating effect of SA under stress conditions and reveal that SA is more effective in alleviating the toxic effects of insecticides at higher concentrations than that at lower concentrations. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Methodology for Developing Mobile Agent Application for Ubiquitous Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuzaki, Kazutaka; Yoshioka, Nobukazu; Honiden, Shinichi

A methodology which enables a flexible and reusable development of mobile agent application to a mobility aware indoor environment is provided in this study. The methodology is named Workflow-awareness model based on a concept of a pair of mobile agents cooperating to perform a given task. A monolithic mobile agent application with numerous concerns in a mobility aware setting is divided into a master agent (MA) and a shadow agent (SA) according to a type of tasks. The MA executes a main application logic which includes monitoring a user's physical movement and coordinating various services. The SA performs additional tasks depending on environments to aid the MA in achieving efficient execution without losing application logic. "Workflow-awareness (WFA)" means that the SA knows the MA's execution state transition so that the SA can provide a proper task at a proper timing. A prototype implementation of the methodology is done with a practical use of AspectJ. AspectJ is used to automate WFA by weaving communication modules to both MA and SA. Usefulness of this methodology concerning its efficiency and software engineering aspects are analyzed. As for the effectiveness, the overhead of WFA is relatively small to the whole expenditure time. And from the view of the software engineering, WFA is possible to provide a mechanism to deploy one application in various situations.

Co-synergism of endophyte Penicillium resedanum LK6 with salicylic acid helped Capsicum annuum in biomass recovery and osmotic stress mitigation

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Water-deficiency adversely affects crop growth by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) at cellular level. To mitigate such stressful events, it was aimed to investigate the co-synergism of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and symbiosis of endophytic fungus with Capsicum annuum L. (pepper). Results The findings of the study showed that exogenous SA (10-6 M) application to endophyte (Penicillium resedanum LK6) infected plants not only increased the shoot length and chlorophyll content but also improved the biomass recovery of pepper plants under polyethylene glycol (15%) induced osmotic stress (2, 4 and 8 days). Endophyte-infected plants had low cellular injury and high photosynthesis rate. SA also enhanced the colonization rate of endophyte in the host-plant roots. Endophyte and SA, in combination, reduced the production of ROS by increasing the total polyphenol, reduce glutathione, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as compared to control plants. Osmotic stress pronounced the lipid peroxidation and superoxide anions formation in control plants as compared to endophyte and SA-treated plants. The endogenous SA contents were significantly higher in pepper plants treated with endophyte and SA under osmotic stress as compared to control. Conclusion Endophytic fungal symbiosis and exogenous SA application can help the plants to relieve the adverse effects of osmotic stress by decreasing losses in biomass as compared to non-inoculated plants. These findings suggest that SA application positively impact microbial colonization while in combination, it reprograms the plant growth under various intervals of drought stress. Such symbiotic strategy can be useful for expanding agriculture production in drought prone lands. PMID:23452409

Persistence and Epidemic Propagation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 235 Clone Harboring an IS26 Composite Transposon Carrying the blaIMP-1 Integron in Hiroshima, Japan, 2005 to 2012

PubMed Central

Shimizu, Wataru; Kayama, Shizuo; Kouda, Shuntaro; Ogura, Yoshitoshi; Kobayashi, Kanao; Shigemoto, Norifumi; Shimada, Norimitsu; Yano, Raita; Hisatsune, Junzo; Kato, Fuminori; Hayashi, Tetsuya; Sueda, Taijiro; Ohge, Hiroki

2015-01-01

A 9-year surveillance for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Hiroshima region showed that the number of isolates harboring the metallo-β-lactamase gene blaIMP-1 abruptly increased after 2004, recorded the highest peak in 2006, and showed a tendency to decline afterwards, indicating a history of an epidemic. PCR mapping of the variable regions of the integrons showed that this epidemic was caused by the clonal persistence and propagation of an MDR P. aeruginosa strain harboring the blaIMP-1 gene and an aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase gene, aac(6′)-Iae in a class I integron (In113), whose integrase gene intl1 was disrupted by an IS26 insertion. Sequence analysis of the representative strain PA058447 resistance element containing the In113-derived gene cassette array showed that the element forms an IS26 transposon embedded in the chromosome. It has a Tn21 backbone and is composed of two segments sandwiched by three IS26s. In Japan, clonal nationwide expansion of an MDR P. aeruginosa NCGM2.S1 harboring chromosomally encoded In113 with intact intl1 is reported. Multilocus sequence typing and genomic comparison strongly suggest that PA058447 and NCGM2.S1 belong to the same clonal lineage. Moreover, the structures of the resistance element in the two strains are very similar, but the sites of insertion into the chromosome are different. Based on tagging information of the IS26 present in both resistance elements, we suggest that the MDR P. aeruginosa clone causing the epidemic in Hiroshima for the past 9 years originated from a common ancestor genome of PA058447 and NCGM2.S1 through an IS26 insertion into intl1 of In113 and through IS26-mediated genomic rearrangements. PMID:25712351

Dynamic fracture toughness of ASME SA508 Class 2a ASME SA533 grade A Class 2 base and heat affected zone material and applicable weld metals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Logsdon, W.A.; Begley, J.A.; Gottshall, C.L.

1978-03-01

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Article G-2000, requires that dynamic fracture toughness data be developed for materials with specified minimum yield strengths greater than 50 ksi to provide verification and utilization of the ASME specified minimum reference toughness K/sub IR/ curve. In order to qualify ASME SA508 Class 2a and ASME SA533 Grade A Class 2 pressure vessel steels (minimum yield strengths equal 65 kip/in./sup 2/ and 70 kip/in./sup 2/, respectively) per this requirement, dynamic fracture toughness tests were performed on these materials. All dynamic fracture toughness values of SA508 Class 2a base and HAZ material,more » SA533 Grade A Class 2 base and HAZ material, and applicable weld metals exceeded the ASME specified minimum reference toughness K/sub IR/ curve.« less

The mechanism of potentiation of the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by serum albumin. A possible role of nitric oxide.

PubMed

Sorokina, E G; Reutov, V P; Pinelis, V G; Vinskaya, N P; Vergun, O V; Khodorov, B I

2000-01-01

Potentiation of the delayed (Glu)-induced neurotoxicity by serum albumin (SA) was studied in experiments with cultured cerebellar granule cells. The delayed neuronal death (DND) was evaluated by counting neurons containing or excluding Trypan Blue 4 h after treatment with Glu. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured in individual Fura-2-loaded neurons. It was shown that a 15-min application of bovine SA (4 mg/ml) together with Glu (100 microM, 10 microM glycine, Mg2+-free solution) enhanced DND in the culture 1.7 times (43.1+/-3.1%) with respect to the effect induced by Glu alone (24.6+/-0.6%). The bovine SA application did not change the dynamics of [Ca2+]i response during a short-term (1 min) and long-term (15 min) Glu-treatment. DND was prevented by simultaneous application of Glu and inhibitor of NO-synthase N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 100 microM) (10.8+/-1.0%) as well as by the application of Glu with SA and L-NAME (9.8+/-1.2%). In order to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the SA effect, the cells were incubated for 15 min with the NO-donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10 and 100 microM) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2, 10 and 100 microM) together with SA and in its absence. SA also greatly enhanced the DND induced by SNP and NaNO2. Thus, the DND after simultaneous treatment with SA and SNP was 16.3+/-2.5% (10 microM) or 29.6+/-2.1% (100 microM), and 9.6+/-0.8% (10 microM) and 19.7+/-2.1% after treatment with SNP alone. Exposure to SA together with NaNO2 led to the DND increase up to 26.5+/-1.9% (10 microM) and 37.7+/-3.5% (100 microM) in comparison with 7.4+/-2.0% (10 microM) and 18.9+/-0.8% (100 microM) in experiments with NaNO2 alone. Taking into account the ability of NO and NO2 to oxidize unsaturated fatty acids and the ability of SA to bind them after their hydrolytic removal, we suggested that the SA-induced potentiation of Glu neurotoxicity resulted from exacerbation of the toxic effects of NO and other trace radicals on the neuronal membranes. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that SA also enhanced the neurotoxicity of the lipid prooxidant FeCl2. The simultaneous 15-min application of FeCl2 (10 microM) and SA caused a 51.5+/-4.0% increase in DND, which exceeded 2.4 times the effect produced by FeCl2 alone (21.3+/-2.3%).

Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates occurrence of citrus canker in susceptible navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck).

PubMed

Wang, Yin; Liu, Ji-Hong

2012-08-15

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) is a devastating bacterial disease threatening the citrus industry. Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role in plant defense response to biotic stress, but information is scarce concerning the application of SA to enhancing Xac resistance. In the present research attempts were made to investigate how exogenous application of SA influenced canker disease outbreak in navel orange (Citrus sinensis). Exogenously applied SA at 0.25 mM significantly enhanced the endogenous free and bound SA, particularly the latter. Upon exposure to Xac, lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion sites were observed in the samples pre-treated with SA, accompanied by repression of bacterial growth at the lesion sites. Concurrent with the augmented disease resistance, SA-treated leaves had higher H₂O₂ level and smaller stomata apertures before or after Xac infection when compared with their counterparts pre-treated with water (control). SA treatment elevated the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, but only the latter was higher in the SA-treated samples after Xac infection. In addition, mRNA levels of two pathogenesis-related genes, CsCHI and CsPR4A, were higher in the SA-treated samples relative to the control. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the exogenously applied SA has evoked a cascade of physiological and molecular events that function singly or in concert to confer resistance to Xac invasion. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

78 FR 43782 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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2013-07-22

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Rapid Annealing of Iron Implanted Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

Alnrroveii rFoi’ PubikI Release; distributin tilIntl ted DTICELECTEJUN 12 IMU’ BEest Available Cop, D i ..:6 (J,•, 4iL& , AD Rapid Annealing of Ion...Recently, we have received from Or.J. Dinan of the Night Vision and Electro-optic Army Labs at Fort Belvoir a few electrically uncharacterized Hg

75 FR 60305 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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2010-09-30

... the affected airport is located; 3. The National Flight Procedures Office, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd... Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) does not warrant preparation of a......... LOUISVILLE INTL- 0/8285 9/7/10 THIS NOTAM, PUBLISHED IN TL STANDIFORD 10-21, IS HEREBY RESCINDED FIELD. IN...

Bibliography on Fouling, Biodeterioration and their Control.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

Related Compounds as Anti-Borer, Anti-Fungal, and Anti- Termitic Agents" Intl. Biodet. Bull. Vol. 15, No. 1, pp 19-27 (1979) R-6 82. Burnett, R. F. "Modern...Controlled Release of a Crustacean Sex Pheromone . Amer. Zool. Vol. 14, No. 4, p 1266 (1974) 117. Chromy, L. and K. Uhacz, "Antifouling Paints Based on

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75 FR 42308 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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... previously by the FAA in a Flight Data Center (FDC) Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) as an emergency action of immediate flight safety relating directly to published aeronautical charts. The circumstances which created... Locks, CT, Bradley Intl, RNAV (RNP) Z RWY 15, Orig-A Orlando, FL, Kissimmee Gateway, ILS OR LOC RWY 15...

Realizing situation awareness within a cyber environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tadda, George; Salerno, John J.; Boulware, Douglas; Hinman, Michael; Gorton, Samuel

2006-04-01

Situation Awareness (SA) problems all require an understanding of current activities, an ability to anticipate what may happen next, and techniques to analyze the threat or impact of current activities and predictions. These processes of SA are common regardless of the domain and can be applied to the detection of cyber attacks. This paper will describe the application of a SA framework to implementing Cyber SA, describe some metrics for measuring and evaluating systems implementing Cyber SA, and discuss ongoing work in this area. We conclude with some ideas for future activities.

Prototype amperometric biosensor for sialic acid determination.

PubMed

Marzouk, Sayed A M; Ashraf, S S; Tayyari, Khawla A Al

2007-02-15

This paper describes the first report on the development, characterization, and applications of a prototype amperometric biosensor for free sialic acid (SA). The sensor was constructed by the coimmobilization of two enzymes, i.e., N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase and pyruvate oxidase, on a polyester microporous membrane, which was then mounted on top of a platinum disk electrode. The SA biosensor operation was based on the sequential action of the two enzymes to ultimately produce hydrogen peroxide, which was then detected by anodic amperometry at the platinum electrode. The surface of the platinum electrode was coated with an electropolymeric layer to enhance the biosensor selectivity in the presence of interfering oxidizable species. Optimization of the enzyme layer composition resulted in a fast and steady current response in phosphate buffer pH 7.2 at 37 degrees C. The limit of detection was 10 microM, and the response was linear to 3.5 mM (r = 0.9987). The prepared SA biosensors retained approximately 85% of their initial sensitivity after 8 days and showed excellent response reproducibility (CV = 2.3%). Utilization of a third enzyme, sialidase, expanded the scope of the present SA biosensor to determine bound sialic acid as well. The merits of the described biosensor allowed its successful application in determining SA in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results indicated that the presented SA biosensor should be a useful bioanalytical tool in several biological and clinical applications such as screening of SA as a nonspecific tumor marker as well as monitoring of tumor therapy.

Induced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera through exogenous application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in groundnut, Arachis hypogaea.

PubMed

War, Abdul Rashid; Paulraj, Michael Gabriel; Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu; Sharma, Hari Chand

2015-01-01

Induced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera through exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) was studied in groundnut genotypes (ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697) with different levels of resistance to insects and the susceptible check JL 24 under greenhouse conditions. Activities of oxidative enzymes and the amounts of secondary metabolites and proteins were quantified at 6 days after JA and SA application/insect infestation. Data were also recorded on plant damage and H. armigera larval weights and survival. Higher levels of enzymatic activities and amounts of secondary metabolites were observed in the insect-resistant genotypes pretreated with JA and then infested with H. armigera than in JL 24. The insect-resistant genotypes suffered lower insect damage and resulted in poor survival and lower weights of H. armigera larvae than JL 24. In some cases, JA and SA showed similar effects. JA and SA induced the activity of antioxidative enzymes in groundnut plants against H. armigera, and reduced its growth and development. However, induced response to application of JA was greater than to SA, and resulted in reduced plant damage, and larval weights and survival, suggesting that induced resistance can be used as a component of pest management in groundnut. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

75 FR 3932 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

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2010-01-25

... Tube Company, Sharon, PA: July 22, 2009. TA-W-71,035; Prestige Printing, J.L. Wauford, Inc./Leased from...., Mitsubishi Motors North America, Technicon Int'l, Ann Arbor, MI: September 5, 2008. TA-W-72,468; EDAG, Inc.... TA-W-72,205; Charles Conkle Motor Company, Inc., Kokomo, IN. TA-W-72,231; Lonza Inc., Riverside...

76 FR 28457 - In the Matter of Certain Toner Cartridges and Components Thereof; Determination Not To Review an...

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2011-05-17

...'s electronic docket (EDIS) at http://edis.usitc.gov . Hearing-impaired persons are advised that... United States Patent Nos. 5,903,803 and 6,128,454. The complaint named as respondents Ninestar Image Int...., Ltd. of Zhuhai, China; Zhuhai Seine Technology Co. of Zhuhai, China; Seine Image Int'l Co. of Shatin...

75 FR 62564 - In the Matter of: Certain Toner Cartridges and Components Thereof; Notice of Investigation

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... violation of section 337, and are the parties upon which the complaint is to be served: Ninestar Image Co.... Ninestar Image Int'l, Ltd., No. 63 Mingzhubei Road, Zhuhai 519075, Guangdong, China. Seine Image International Co. Ltd., Rm. 18, 9/F New Commercial Ctr., 9 on Lai St, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong...

500 Contractors Receiving the Largest Dollar Volume of Prime Contract Awards for RDT&E Fiscal Year 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATION 84 B AVCO RESEARCH LABORATORY INC 109 B CONTEL FEDERAL SYSTEMS INC 439 B B D SYSTEMS INC 427 B CONTRAVES GOERZ CORPORATION...2,121 Costa Mesa California 2,026 Santa Ana California 52 450 COMPRHENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES INTL S 2,109 * Chant illy Virginia 2,109 427 CONTRAVES GOERZ

Finite Element Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior and Interface Damage in Adhesively Bonded Joints

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

eccentricity of the axis of a lap joint gives rise to transverse or peel stresses at the Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188...Computers and Structures 29, 1011 (1988). 21 S. Roy and J. N. Reddy, Tire Sci. Technol. 16, 146 (1988). 22 S. Roy and J. N. Reddy, Intl. J. Numer

76 FR 54468 - Petra Pet, Inc. (a/k/a Petrapport) v. Panda Logistics Limited; Panda Logistics Co., Ltd. (f/k/a...

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2011-09-01

... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION [Docket No. 11-14] Petra Pet, Inc. (a/k/a Petrapport) v. Panda Logistics Limited; Panda Logistics Co., Ltd. (f/k/a panda Int'l Transportation Co., Ltd.); and RDM Solutions... with the Federal Maritime Commission (Commission) by Petra Pet, Inc. (a/k/a Petrapport), hereinafter...

78 FR 18806 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

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2013-03-28

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An Integrated Framework to Access and Mine Distributed Heterogeneous Data Streams with Uncertainty

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-13

Total Number: PERCENT_SUPPORTEDNAME FTE Equivalent: Total Number: Discipline Chris chance 0.20 CS Chris Cosey 0.20 CS Brittney Mack 0.20 CS Tuan Nguyen...Conference, New York, NY, Feb. 2014. 38. X. Zhu, S. Song, J. Wang, J. Sun , and P.S. Yu, "Matching Heterogeneous Events with Patterns", Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf

75 FR 19357 - Honey From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Amended Final Results Pursuant to Final...

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2010-04-14

... Animal By-Products Import & Export Group Corp. v. United States, Court 2008 Ct. Intl. Trade LEXIS 123... and Animal By-Products Import & Export Group Corp. v. United States, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 24374 (Fed... Co., Ltd., Jinfu and Zhejiang Native Produce and Animal By-Products Import & Export Group Corp...

77 FR 58002 - Airworthiness Directives; Turbomeca S.A. Turboshaft Engines

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2012-09-19

... Airworthiness Directives; Turbomeca S.A. Turboshaft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT... Turbomeca S.A. Arriel 2B and 2B1 turboshaft engines. That AD currently requires accomplishment of the TU166 modification. This new AD requires adding the Arriel 2S2 and 2C2 engines to the applicability of engines...

A highly shape-adaptive, stretchable design based on conductive liquid for energy harvesting and self-powered biomechanical monitoring

PubMed Central

Yi, Fang; Wang, Xiaofeng; Niu, Simiao; Li, Shengming; Yin, Yajiang; Dai, Keren; Zhang, Guangjie; Lin, Long; Wen, Zhen; Guo, Hengyu; Wang, Jie; Yeh, Min-Hsin; Zi, Yunlong; Liao, Qingliang; You, Zheng; Zhang, Yue; Wang, Zhong Lin

2016-01-01

The rapid growth of deformable and stretchable electronics calls for a deformable and stretchable power source. We report a scalable approach for energy harvesters and self-powered sensors that can be highly deformable and stretchable. With conductive liquid contained in a polymer cover, a shape-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator (saTENG) unit can effectively harvest energy in various working modes. The saTENG can maintain its performance under a strain of as large as 300%. The saTENG is so flexible that it can be conformed to any three-dimensional and curvilinear surface. We demonstrate applications of the saTENG as a wearable power source and self-powered sensor to monitor biomechanical motion. A bracelet-like saTENG worn on the wrist can light up more than 80 light-emitting diodes. Owing to the highly scalable manufacturing process, the saTENG can be easily applied for large-area energy harvesting. In addition, the saTENG can be extended to extract energy from mechanical motion using flowing water as the electrode. This approach provides a new prospect for deformable and stretchable power sources, as well as self-powered sensors, and has potential applications in various areas such as robotics, biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology, and entertainment. PMID:27386560

A highly shape-adaptive, stretchable design based on conductive liquid for energy harvesting and self-powered biomechanical monitoring.

PubMed

Yi, Fang; Wang, Xiaofeng; Niu, Simiao; Li, Shengming; Yin, Yajiang; Dai, Keren; Zhang, Guangjie; Lin, Long; Wen, Zhen; Guo, Hengyu; Wang, Jie; Yeh, Min-Hsin; Zi, Yunlong; Liao, Qingliang; You, Zheng; Zhang, Yue; Wang, Zhong Lin

2016-06-01

The rapid growth of deformable and stretchable electronics calls for a deformable and stretchable power source. We report a scalable approach for energy harvesters and self-powered sensors that can be highly deformable and stretchable. With conductive liquid contained in a polymer cover, a shape-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator (saTENG) unit can effectively harvest energy in various working modes. The saTENG can maintain its performance under a strain of as large as 300%. The saTENG is so flexible that it can be conformed to any three-dimensional and curvilinear surface. We demonstrate applications of the saTENG as a wearable power source and self-powered sensor to monitor biomechanical motion. A bracelet-like saTENG worn on the wrist can light up more than 80 light-emitting diodes. Owing to the highly scalable manufacturing process, the saTENG can be easily applied for large-area energy harvesting. In addition, the saTENG can be extended to extract energy from mechanical motion using flowing water as the electrode. This approach provides a new prospect for deformable and stretchable power sources, as well as self-powered sensors, and has potential applications in various areas such as robotics, biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology, and entertainment.

Exogenous application of the plant signalers methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid induces changes in volatile emissions from citrus foliage and influences the aggregation behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), vector of Huanglongbing

PubMed Central

Robbins, Paul S.; Niedz, Randy; McCollum, Greg; Alessandro, Rocco

2018-01-01

Huanglongbing, also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease that threatens citrus production worldwide. It is putatively caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Currently, the disease is untreatable and efforts focus on intensive insecticide use to control the vector, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Emerging psyllid resistance to multiple insecticides has generated investigations into the use of exogenously applied signaling compounds to enhance citrus resistance to D. citri and Las. In the present study, we examined whether foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ), a volatile signaling compound associated with the induced systemic resistance pathway, and salicylic acid, a constituent of the systemic acquired resistance pathway, would elicit the emission of defense-related volatiles in citrus foliage, and what effect this might have on the host-plant searching behavior of D. citri. Comparisons were made of volatiles emitted from growing shoots of uninfected and Las-infected ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees over two consecutive sampling days. A settling behavioral assay was used to compare psyllid attraction to MJ-treated vs. Tween-treated citrus sprigs. All three main effects, Las infection status, plant signaler application, and sampling day, influenced the proportions of individual volatile compounds emitted in different treatment groups. MJ- and SA-treated trees had higher emission rates than Tween-treated trees. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) and β-caryophyllene were present in higher proportions in the volatiles collected from Las-infected + trees. On the other hand, Las-infected + MJ-treated trees emitted lower proportions of MeSA than did Las-infected + Tween-treated trees. Because MeSA is a key D. citri attractant, this result suggests that MJ application could suppress MeSA emission from Las-infected trees, an approach that could be used to discourage psyllid colonization during shoot growth. MJ application enhanced emission of E-β-ocimene, indole, volatiles attractive to many of the psyllid’s natural enemies, indicating that MJ application could be used in an ‘attract and reward’ conservation biological control strategy. Volatile emissions in SA-treated trees were dominated by MeSA. MJ application elicited aggregation behavior in D. citri. Similar numbers of psyllids settled on MJ-treated versus Tween-treated sprigs, but a significantly greater percentage of the MJ-treated sprigs had aggregations of nine or more psyllids on them. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that exogenous applications of MJ or SA could be used to influence Asian citrus psyllid settling behavior and attract its natural enemies. PMID:29596451

Exogenous application of the plant signalers methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid induces changes in volatile emissions from citrus foliage and influences the aggregation behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), vector of Huanglongbing.

PubMed

Patt, Joseph M; Robbins, Paul S; Niedz, Randy; McCollum, Greg; Alessandro, Rocco

2018-01-01

Huanglongbing, also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease that threatens citrus production worldwide. It is putatively caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Currently, the disease is untreatable and efforts focus on intensive insecticide use to control the vector, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Emerging psyllid resistance to multiple insecticides has generated investigations into the use of exogenously applied signaling compounds to enhance citrus resistance to D. citri and Las. In the present study, we examined whether foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ), a volatile signaling compound associated with the induced systemic resistance pathway, and salicylic acid, a constituent of the systemic acquired resistance pathway, would elicit the emission of defense-related volatiles in citrus foliage, and what effect this might have on the host-plant searching behavior of D. citri. Comparisons were made of volatiles emitted from growing shoots of uninfected and Las-infected 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees over two consecutive sampling days. A settling behavioral assay was used to compare psyllid attraction to MJ-treated vs. Tween-treated citrus sprigs. All three main effects, Las infection status, plant signaler application, and sampling day, influenced the proportions of individual volatile compounds emitted in different treatment groups. MJ- and SA-treated trees had higher emission rates than Tween-treated trees. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) and β-caryophyllene were present in higher proportions in the volatiles collected from Las-infected + trees. On the other hand, Las-infected + MJ-treated trees emitted lower proportions of MeSA than did Las-infected + Tween-treated trees. Because MeSA is a key D. citri attractant, this result suggests that MJ application could suppress MeSA emission from Las-infected trees, an approach that could be used to discourage psyllid colonization during shoot growth. MJ application enhanced emission of E-β-ocimene, indole, volatiles attractive to many of the psyllid's natural enemies, indicating that MJ application could be used in an 'attract and reward' conservation biological control strategy. Volatile emissions in SA-treated trees were dominated by MeSA. MJ application elicited aggregation behavior in D. citri. Similar numbers of psyllids settled on MJ-treated versus Tween-treated sprigs, but a significantly greater percentage of the MJ-treated sprigs had aggregations of nine or more psyllids on them. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that exogenous applications of MJ or SA could be used to influence Asian citrus psyllid settling behavior and attract its natural enemies.

Regulation of water, salinity, and cold stress responses by salicylic acid

PubMed Central

Miura, Kenji; Tada, Yasuomi

2014-01-01

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. SA plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in the plant–pathogen relationship has been extensively investigated. In addition to defense responses, SA plays an important role in the response to abiotic stresses, including drought, low temperature, and salinity stresses. It has been suggested that SA has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of agriculturally important crops. However, the utility of SA is dependent on the concentration of the applied SA, the mode of application, and the state of the plants (e.g., developmental stage and acclimation). Generally, low concentrations of applied SA alleviate the sensitivity to abiotic stresses, and high concentrations of applied induce high levels of oxidative stress, leading to a decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this article, the effects of SA on the water stress responses and regulation of stomatal closure are reviewed. PMID:24478784

Iodine and Selenium Biofortification with Additional Application of Salicylic Acid Affects Yield, Selected Molecular Parameters and Chemical Composition of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata)

PubMed Central

Smoleń, Sylwester; Kowalska, Iwona; Czernicka, Małgorzata; Halka, Mariya; Kęska, Kinga; Sady, Włodzimierz

2016-01-01

Iodine (I) and selenium (Se) are included in the group of beneficial elements. They both play important roles in humans and other animals, particularly in the regulation of thyroid functioning. A substantial percentage of people around the world suffer from health disorders related to the deficiency of these elements in the diet. Salicylic acid (SA) is a compound similar to phytohormones and is known to improve the efficiency of I biofortification of plants. The influence of SA on Se enrichment of plants has not, however, been recognized together with its effect on simultaneous application of I and Se to plants. Two-year studies (2014–2015) were conducted in a greenhouse with hydroponic cultivation of lettuce in an NFT (nutrient film technique) system. They included the application of I (as KIO3), Se (as Na2SeO3) and SA into the nutrient solution. KIO3 was used at a dose of 5 mg I⋅dm-3 (i.e., 39.4 μM I), while Na2SeO3 was 0.5 mg Se⋅dm-3 (i.e., 6.3 μM Se). SA was introduced at three doses: 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg⋅dm-3 nutrient solutions, equivalent to 0.724, 7.24, and 72.4 μM SA, respectively. The tested combinations were as follows: (1) control, (2) I + Se, (3) I + Se + 0.1 mg SA⋅dm-3, (4) I + Se + 1.0 mg SA⋅dm-3 and (5) I + Se + 10.0 mg SA⋅dm-3. The applied treatments had no significant impact on lettuce biomass (leaves and roots). Depending on the dose, a diverse influence of SA was noted with respect to the efficiency of I and Se biofortification; chemical composition of leaves; and mineral nutrition of lettuce plants, including the content of macro- and microelements and selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) gene expression. SA application at all tested doses comparably increased the level of selenomethionine (SeMet) and decreased the content of SA in leaves. PMID:27803709

Effects of salicylic acid, Fe(II) and plant growth-promoting bacteria on Cd accumulation and toxicity alleviation of Cd tolerant and sensitive tomato genotypes.

PubMed

Wei, Ting; Lv, Xin; Jia, HongLei; Hua, Li; Xu, HuiHui; Zhou, Ran; Zhao, Jin; Ren, XinHao; Guo, JunKang

2018-05-15

In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of salicylic acid (SA), metal ion (Fe(II)), and plant growth-promoting bacteria Burkholderia sp. D54 (B) on two tomato genotypes with different Cd tolerances under Cd stress, viz. Liger (Cd tolerant) and Tabd (Cd sensitive). The plant biomass, Cd accumulation, antioxidative response, pigment content and photosynthetic performance were determined. According to the results, exogenous application of SA, Fe(II) and Burkholderia sp. D54 or their complex effectively reduced Cd accumulation and increased biomass of root, stem and leaves in both Cd sensitive and Cd tolerant genotypes. Among all treatments, SA+Fe+B exerted the best performance. Burkholderia sp. D54 effectively alleviated Cd-induced oxidative toxicity in both tomato genotypes, while SA ameliorated oxidative stress in Cd sensitive genotype. Photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic rate of Cd tolerant genotype was increased by all treatments, but only SA and Burkholderia sp. D54 treatment increased pigment contents and photosynthetic performance in Cd sensitive genotypes. All treatments significantly decreased Cd accumulation in both tomato genotypes. The effect of Cd reduction was Fe+SA+B>SA>Fe>B. Taken together, our results indicated that exogenous application of SA, Fe(II) and Burkholderia sp. D54 could alleviate the Cd toxicity in both Cd sensitive and Cd tolerant genotypes, although the extent varies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mustard seed meal mixtures: management of Meloidogyne incognita on pepper and potential phytotoxicity

PubMed Central

Zasada, Inga A.; Orisajo, Samuel B.; Morra, Matthew J.

2011-01-01

Meals produced when oil is extracted from seeds in the Brassicaceae have been shown to suppress weeds and soilborne pathogens. These seed meals are commonly used individually as soil amendments; the goal of this research was to evaluate seed meal mixes of Brassica juncea (Bj) and Sinapis alba (Sa) against Meloidogyne incognita. Seed meals from Bj ‘Pacific Gold’ and Sa ‘IdaGold’ were tested alone and in combinations to determine rates and application times that would suppress M. incognita on pepper (Capsicum annuum) without phytotoxicity. Rates of soil application (% w/w) for the phytotoxicity study were: 0.5 Sa, 0.2 Bj, 0.25 Sa + 0.25 Bj, 0.375 Sa + 0.125 Bj, 0.125 Sa + 0.375 Bj, and 0, applied 0 – 5 weeks before transplant. Overall, 0.2% Bj was the least toxic meal to pepper seedlings. By comparison, 0.5% S. alba seed meal did not reduce lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination at week 0, but all seed meal treatments containing B. juncea prevented or significantly reduced germination at week 0. The seed meals did not affect lettuce seed germination at weeks 1-5, but hypocotyl growth was reduced by all except 0.2% Bj at weeks 1, 4 and 5. Brassica juncea and Sa meals were tested for M. incognita suppression at 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05%; mixtures were 0.1% Sa + 0.1% Bj, 0.15% Sa + 0.05% Bj, and 0.05% Sa + 0.15% Bj. All treatments were applied 2 weeks before transplant. The 0.2% Bj and 0.05% Sa + 0.15% Bj treatments overall had the longest shoots and highest fresh weights. Eggs per g root were lowest with 0.1 – 0.2% Bj amendments and the seed meal mixtures. The results indicate that Bj and some Bj + Sa mixtures can be applied close to transplant to suppress M. incognita populations on pepper; consequently, a seed meal mixture could be selected to provide activity against more than one pest or pathogen. For pepper, care should be taken in formulating mixtures so that Sa rates are low compared to Bj. PMID:22791910

Better latent heat and specific heat of stearic acid with magnetite/graphene nanocomposite addition for thermal storage application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andiarto, R.; Nuryadin, M. K.; Taufik, A.; Saleh, R.

2017-04-01

In our previous study, the addition of Magnetite (Fe3O4) into Stearic acid (Sa) as an organic phase change material (PCM) shows an enhancement in the latent heat for thermal energy storage applications. The latent heat of the PCM can also be increased by adding graphene material. Therefore, in this research, the thermal properties of Sa have been studied by the sonication method for several different concentrations of Fe3O4/Graphene nanocomposite additions. The structural properties of all of the samples were observed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Melting-solidifying behavior and specific heat value were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal degradation process of all samples was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the DSC results, the presence of Fe3O4/Graphene in the Sa enhances the latent heat up to 20%. The specific heat value of the mixture was also found to be increased as the concentration of Fe3O4/Graphene to Sa increased. The TGA results show a lowered thermal degradation process of the Sa by the addition of the Fe3O4/Graphene which indicates a higher thermal stability of the mixture. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the addition of Fe3O4/Graphene to Sa improves both the sensible heat and the latent heat of the mixture which are very important for thermal energy storage applications

Bioreactor Yields Extracts for Skin Cream

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2015-01-01

Johnson Space Flight Center researchers created a unique rotating-wall bioreactor that simulates microgravity conditions, spurring innovations in drug development and medical research. Renuèll Int'l Inc., based in Aventure, Florida, licensed the technology and used it to produce a healing skin care product, RE`JUVEL. In a Food and Drug Administration test, RE`JUVEL substantially increased skin moisture and elasticity while reducing dark blotches and wrinkles.

75 FR 62504 - Certain New Pneumatic Off-the-Road Tires From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Decision...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-12

...-the-Road Tires From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Decision of the Court of International...-road tires (``OTR tires'') from the People's Republic of China (``PRC''). See GPX Int'l Tire Corp. v... tires from the PRC. The final judgment in this case was not in harmony with the Department's July 2008...

A Trust Based Framework for Information Sharing Behavior in Command and Control Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

organizations under certain environmental contexts using the ELICIT multiplayer intelligence game . Like other existing work dealing with com- parative... multiplayer intelligence game ,” in Proc. 12th Int?l Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, 2007. ...dictated by a combination of personality traits, organizational rules and the need to achieve mission objectives. For example, cooperation games often show

76 FR 25231 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

..., and the need for a special format make their verbatim publication in the Federal Register expensive... AIRAC date State City Airport FDC No. FDC date Subject 2-Jun-11 IN Terre Haute Terre Haute Intl-- 1/2732 4/1/11 VOR/DME RWY 5, Amdt 17C Hulman Field. 2-Jun-11 LA Lake Charles Lake Charles Rgnl.... 1/2810 4...

78 FR 40385 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

... regulatory evaluation as the anticipated impact is so minimal. For the same reason, the FAA certifies that... Airport FDC No. FDC Date Subject 7/25/13 AL Birmingham...... Birmingham- 3/0061 6/13/13 ILS OR LOC RWY Shuttlesworth 6, ILS RWY 6 Intl. (CAT II), Amdt 42. 7/25/13 FL Daytona Beach... Daytona Beach 3/0406 6/13/13...

Precipitation influences pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance gene abundance in storm drain outfalls in coastal sub-tropical waters.

PubMed

Ahmed, Warish; Zhang, Qian; Lobos, Aldo; Senkbeil, Jacob; Sadowsky, Michael J; Harwood, Valerie J; Saeidi, Nazanin; Marinoni, Oswald; Ishii, Satoshi

2018-07-01

Stormwater contamination can threaten the health of aquatic ecosystems and human exposed to runoff via nutrient and pathogen influxes. In this study, the concentrations of 11 bacterial pathogens and 47 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were determined by using high-throughput microfluidic qPCR (MFQPCR) in several storm drain outfalls (SDOs) during dry and wet weather in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Data generated in this study were also compared with the levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and sewage-associated molecular markers (i.e., Bacteroides HF183 and crAssphage markers) in same SDOs collected in a recent study (Ahmed et al., 2018). Concentration of FIB, sewage-associated markers, bacterial pathogens and many ARGs in water samples were relatively high and SDOs may be potentially hotspots for microbial contamination in Tampa Bay. Mean concentrations of culturable E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were tenfold higher in wet compared to dry weather. The majority of microbiological contaminants followed this trend. E. coli eaeA, encoding the virulence factor intimin, was correlated with levels of 20 ARGs, and was more frequently detected in wet weather than dry weather samples. The bla KPC gene associated with carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the beta-lactam resistant gene (bla NPS ) were only detected in wet weather samples. Frequency of integron genes Intl2 and Intl3 detection increased by 42% in wet weather samples. Culturable E. coli and Enterococcus spp. significantly correlated with 19 of 47 (40%) ARG tested. Sewage-associated markers crAssphage and HF183 significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the following ARGs: intl1, sul1, tet(M), ampC, mexB, and tet(W). The presence of sewage-associated marker genes along with ARGs associated with sewage suggested that aging sewage infrastructure contributed to contaminant loading in the Bay. Further research should focus on collecting spatial and temporal data on the microbiological contaminants especially viruses in SDOs. Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Line Shifts in Rotational Spectra of Polyatomic Chiral Molecules Caused by the Parity Violating Electroweak Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stohner, J.; Quack, M.

2009-06-01

Are findings in high-energy physics of any importance in molecular spectroscopy ? The answer is clearly `yes'. Energies of enantiomers were considered as exactly equal in an achiral environment, e.g. the gas phase. Today, however, it is well known that this is not valid. The violation of mirror-image symmetry (suggested theoretically and confirmed experimentally in 1956/57) was established in the field of nuclear, high-energy, and atomic physics since then, and it is also the cause for a non-zero energy difference between enantiomers. We expect today that the violation of mirror-image symmetry (parity violation) influences chemistry of chiral molecules as well as their spectroscopy. Progress has been made in the quantitative theoretical prediction of possible spectroscopic signatures of molecular parity violation. The experimental confirmation of parity violation in chiral molecules is, however, still open. Theoretical studies are helpful for the planning and important for a detailed analysis of rovibrational and tunneling spectra of chiral molecules. We report results on frequency shifts in rotational, vibrational and tunneling spectra of some selected chiral molecules which are studied in our group. If time permits, we shall also discuss critically some recent claims of experimental observations of molecular parity violation in condensed phase systems. T. D. Lee, C. N. Yang, Phys. Rev., 104, 254 (1956) C. S. Wu, E. Ambler, R. W. Hayward, D. D. Hoppes, R. P. Hudson, Phys. Rev., 105, 1413 (1957) M. Quack, Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed., 28, 571 (1989) Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed., 41, 4618 (2002) M. Quack, J. Stohner, Chimia, 59, 530 (2005) M. Quack, J. Stohner, M. Willeke, Ann Rev. Phys. Chem. 59, 741 (2008) M. Quack, J. Stohner, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 3807 (2000) M. Quack, J. Stohner, J. Chem. Phys., 119, 11228 (2003) J. Stohner, Int. J. Mass Spectrometry 233, 385 (2004) M. Gottselig, M. Quack, J. Stohner, M. Willeke, Int. J. Mass Spectrometry 233, 373 (2004) R. Berger, G. Laubender, M. Quack, A. Sieben, J. Stohner, M. Willeke, Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed., 44, 3623 (2005) J. Stohner, M. Quack, to be published

The fates of 15N-labeled fertilizer in a wheat-soil system as influenced by fertilization practice in a loamy soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhaoming; Wang, Huoyan; Liu, Xiaowei; Lu, Dianjun; Zhou, Jianmin

2016-10-01

Appropriate fertilization practice is crucial to achieve maximum wheat grain yield with minimum nitrogen (N) loss. A field 15N micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application methods [split application (SA) and band application (BA)] and N rates (60, 150 and 240 kg ha-1) on the wheat grain yield, urea-15N fate and N efficiency in Jiangyan County, China. At high N rates, wheat grain yield was significantly higher for SA than BA treatment, but there was no difference at the lower N rates. Plant N derived from fertilizer was higher in SA than in BA treatment. The high N fertilizer application increased total N uptake by wheat derived from fertilizer, but wheat plant N derived from soil was not affected by the N rate. Fertilizer-N recovery in SA treatment was higher than in BA treatment. Residual N recovery in the 0-80 cm soil layer was 31-51%, which decreased with increasing N rate. The highest N loss was found for BA treatment at the N application of 240 kg ha-1. The one-time BA of N fertilizer, especially for higher N rates, led to reduced wheat grain yield and N efficiency, and increased the N loss.

Surface roughness of flowable resin composites eroded by acidic and alcoholic drinks

PubMed Central

Poggio, Claudio; Dagna, Alberto; Chiesa, Marco; Colombo, Marco; Scribante, Andrea

2012-01-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface roughness of four flowable resin composites following exposure to acidic and alcoholic drinks. Materials and Methods: SureFil SDR flow, TetricEvoFlow, Esthet-X Flow and Amaris Flow HT samples were immersed in artificial saliva, Coca Cola and Chivas Regal Whisky. Each specimen was examined using a Leica DCM 3D microscope: Arithmetical mean height of the surface profiles was measured (Sa). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences among various groups (P<0,001). Mann Whitney test was applied and control groups showed significantly lower Sa values than other groups (P=0,008). Coca Cola groups showed highest Sa values (P<0,021). No significant differences (P=0,14) in surface texture were found among the specimens of the different materials. No significant differences were found among TetricEvoFlow, Esthet-X Flow and Amaris Flow under control conditions nor after Coca Cola application. Under control condition and after Coca Cola application SureFil SDR flow showed significantly higher Sa values. Moreover, after whisky application Amaris Flow showed significantly lower Sa values then the other three groups that showed no significant differences among them. Conclusions: Acidic and alcoholic drinks eroded the surface roughness of all evaluated flowable resin composites. PMID:22557811

Simulated Annealing-based Optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller Design: A Case Study on Nonlinear Quadcopter Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemirsky, Kristofer Kevin

In this thesis, the history and evolution of rotor aircraft with simulated annealing-based PID application were reviewed and quadcopter dynamics are presented. The dynamics of a quadcopter were then modeled, analyzed, and linearized. A cascaded loop architecture with PID controllers was used to stabilize the plant dynamics, which was improved upon through the application of simulated annealing (SA). A Simulink model was developed to test the controllers and verify the functionality of the proposed control system design. In addition, the data that the Simulink model provided were compared with flight data to present the validity of derived dynamics as a proper mathematical model representing the true dynamics of the quadcopter system. Then, the SA-based global optimization procedure was applied to obtain optimized PID parameters. It was observed that the tuned gains through the SA algorithm produced a better performing PID controller than the original manually tuned one. Next, we investigated the uncertain dynamics of the quadcopter setup. After adding uncertainty to the gyroscopic effects associated with pitch-and-roll rate dynamics, the controllers were shown to be robust against the added uncertainty. A discussion follows to summarize SA-based algorithm PID controller design and performance outcomes. Lastly, future work on SA application on multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems is briefly discussed.

Spectral Analysis of Dynamic PET Studies: A Review of 20 Years of Method Developments and Applications.

PubMed

Veronese, Mattia; Rizzo, Gaia; Bertoldo, Alessandra; Turkheimer, Federico E

2016-01-01

In Positron Emission Tomography (PET), spectral analysis (SA) allows the quantification of dynamic data by relating the radioactivity measured by the scanner in time to the underlying physiological processes of the system under investigation. Among the different approaches for the quantification of PET data, SA is based on the linear solution of the Laplace transform inversion whereas the measured arterial and tissue time-activity curves of a radiotracer are used to calculate the input response function of the tissue. In the recent years SA has been used with a large number of PET tracers in brain and nonbrain applications, demonstrating that it is a very flexible and robust method for PET data analysis. Differently from the most common PET quantification approaches that adopt standard nonlinear estimation of compartmental models or some linear simplifications, SA can be applied without defining any specific model configuration and has demonstrated very good sensitivity to the underlying kinetics. This characteristic makes it useful as an investigative tool especially for the analysis of novel PET tracers. The purpose of this work is to offer an overview of SA, to discuss advantages and limitations of the methodology, and to inform about its applications in the PET field.

A streptavidin linker layer that functions after drying.

PubMed

Xia, Nan; Shumaker-Parry, Jennifer S; Zareie, M Hadi; Campbell, Charles T; Castner, David G

2004-04-27

The ability of streptavidin (SA) to simultaneously bind four biotins is often used in linker layers, where a biotinylated molecule is linked to a biotin-functionalized surface via SA. For biosensor and array applications, it is desirable that the SA linker layer be stable to drying and rehydration. In this study it was observed that a significant decrease in binding capacity of a SA layer occurred when that layer was dried. For this study a SA linker layer was constructed by binding SA to a biotin-containing alkylthiolate monolayer (BAT/OEG) self-assembled onto gold. Its stability after drying was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Approximately a quarter of the SA layer was removed from the BAT/OEG surface upon drying and rehydration, suggesting disruption of SA-biotin binding when dry. This resulted in the dried SA layer losing approximately 40% of its biotinylated ferritin (BF) binding capacity. Coating the layer with trehalose before drying was found to inhibit the loss of SA from the BAT/OEG surface. SPR showed that the trehalose-protected SA linker layer retained approximately 91% of its original BF binding capacity after drying and rehydration. Atomic force microscopy, which was used to image individual surface-bound SA and BF molecules, qualitatively confirmed these observations.

ABNORMAL INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM1 Functions in Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis to Maintain Proper Reactive Oxygen Species Levels for Root Meristem Activity in Rice

PubMed Central

Zhao, Hongyu; Ruan, Wenyuan; Deng, Minjuan; Wang, Fang; Peng, Jinrong; Luo, Jie; Chen, Zhixiang

2017-01-01

Root meristem activity determines root growth and root architecture and consequently affects water and nutrient uptake in plants. However, our knowledge about the regulation of root meristem activity in crop plants is very limited. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a short root mutant in rice (Oryza sativa) with reduced root meristem activity. This root growth defect is caused by a mutation in ABNORMAL INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM1 (AIM1), which encodes a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in β-oxidation. The reduced root meristem activity of aim1 results from reduced salicylic acid (SA) levels and can be rescued by SA application. Furthermore, reduced SA levels are associated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aim1, likely due to increased expression of redox and ROS-scavenging-related genes, whose increased expression is (at least in part) caused by reduced expression of the SA-inducible transcriptional repressors WRKY62 and WRKY76. Like SA, ROS application substantially increased root length and root meristem activity in aim1. These results suggest that AIM1 is required for root growth in rice due to its critical role in SA biosynthesis: SA maintains root meristem activity through promoting ROS accumulation by inducing the activity of WRKY transcriptional repressors, which repress the expression of redox and ROS-scavenging genes. PMID:28298519

Factors associated with success of market authorisation applications for pharmaceutical drugs submitted to the European Medicines Agency.

PubMed

Regnstrom, Jan; Koenig, Franz; Aronsson, Bo; Reimer, Tatiana; Svendsen, Kristian; Tsigkos, Stelios; Flamion, Bruno; Eichler, Hans-Georg; Vamvakas, Spiros

2010-01-01

To identify factors associated with success of Market Authorisation Applications (MAAs) for pharmaceutical drugs submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA), with an emphasis on the Scientific Advice (SA) given by the Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP). MAAs with a CHMP decision (outcome) between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2007 were included in the analysis. Factors evaluated were: company size, orphan drug (OD) status, product type, existence of SA, compliance with SA, therapeutic area and year of outcome. Compliance with SA was retrospectively assessed with reference to three critical clinical variables in pivotal studies: choice of primary endpoint, selection of control and statistical methods. Of 188 MAAs with an outcome, 137 (72.9%) were approved, whereas 51 (27.1%) were not approved or were withdrawn by the company. In the simple logistic regression analysis, company size [odds ratio (OR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92; 4.56, p < 0.0001) was positively correlated with a positive outcome, whereas OD status (OD vs. non-OD: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19; 0.77, p = 0.0067) was negatively correlated. A total of 59 (31.4%) MAAs had obtained SA related to one or more of the three critical variables. Thirty-nine of these were assessed as being compliant with SA. Obtaining an SA per se was not associated with outcome (SA vs. no-SA: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.49; 1.88, p = 0.92), but complying with SA was significantly associated with positive outcome (compliant with SA vs. no-SA: OR 14.71, 95% CI 1.95; 111.2; non-compliant with SA vs. no-SA: OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06; 0.47, p < 0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that company size and SA compliance were independent predictors of outcome. The proportion of the MAAs that had received SA increased from 22% in 2004 to 47% in 2007. Company size and product type were associated with the frequency of requesting SA (26, 33 and 46% for small, medium-sized and large companies, respectively; 16, 39 and 48% for known chemical substances, new chemical substances and biologics, respectively). Factors related to compliance with SA were company size and OD status (25, 60 and 84% for small, medium-sized, and large companies, respectively; 77 and 38% for non-OD and OD status, respectively). The strong association between company size and outcome suggests that resources and experience in drug development and obtaining regulatory approval are critical factors for a successful MAA. In addition, obtaining and complying with SA appears to be a predictor of outcome. Based on this analysis, companies, particularly smaller ones and those developing orphan drugs, are recommended to engage in a dialogue with European regulators via the SA procedure. Obtaining SA early in development and at major transition points as well as compliance with the advice given by the CHMP are recommended.

Sense and avoid technologies with applications to unmanned aircraft systems: Review and prospects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Xiang; Zhang, Youmin

2015-04-01

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) are becoming ever more promising over the last decade. The Sense and Avoid (S&A) system plays a profoundly important role in integrating UASs into the National Airspace System (NAS) with reliable and safe operations. After analyzing the manner of S&A system, this paper systematically presents an overview on the recent progress in S&A technologies in the sequence of fundamental functions/components of S&A in sensing techniques, decision making, path planning, and path following. The approaches to these four aspects are outlined and summarized, based on which the existing challenges and potential solutions are highlighted for facilitating the development of S&A systems.

Integration of Scale Invariant Generator Technique and S-A Technique for Characterizing 2-D Patterns for Information Retrieve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, L.; Cheng, Q.

2004-12-01

The scale invariant generator technique (SIG) and spectrum-area analysis technique (S-A) were developed independently relevant to the concept of the generalized scale invariance (GSI). The former was developed for characterizing the parameters involved in the GSI for characterizing and simulating multifractal measures whereas the latter was for identifying scaling breaks for decomposition of superimposed multifractal measures caused by multiple geophysical processes. A natural integration of these two techniques may yield a new technique to serve two purposes, on the one hand, that can enrich the power of S-A by increasing the interpretability of decomposed patterns in some applications of S-A and, on the other hand, that can provide a mean to test the uniqueness of multifractality of measures which is essential for application of SIG technique in more complicated environment. The implementation of the proposed technique has been done as a Dynamic Link Library (DLL) in Visual C++. The program can be friendly used for method validation and application in different fields.

Discussion of CoSA: Clustering of Sparse Approximations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Armstrong, Derek Elswick

2017-03-07

The purpose of this talk is to discuss the possible applications of CoSA (Clustering of Sparse Approximations) to the exploitation of HSI (HyperSpectral Imagery) data. CoSA is presented by Moody et al. in the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (“Land cover classification in multispectral imagery using clustering of sparse approximations over learned feature dictionaries”, Vol. 8, 2014) and is based on machine learning techniques.

Measurement of ultra-low power oscillators using adaptive drift cancellation with applications to nano-magnetic spin torque oscillators.

PubMed

Tamaru, S; Ricketts, D S

2013-05-01

This work presents a technique for measuring ultra-low power oscillator signals using an adaptive drift cancellation method. We demonstrate this technique through spectrum measurements of a sub-pW nano-magnet spin torque oscillator (STO). We first present a detailed noise analysis of the standard STO characterization apparatus to estimate the background noise level, then compare these results to the noise level of three measurement configurations. The first and second share the standard configuration but use different spectrum analyzers (SA), an older model and a state-of-the-art model, respectively. The third is the technique proposed in this work using the same old SA as for the first. Our results show that the first and second configurations suffer from a large drift that requires ~30 min to stabilize each time the SA changes the frequency band, even though the SA has been powered on for longer than 24 h. The third configuration introduced in this work, however, shows absolutely no drift as the SA changes frequency band, and nearly the same noise performance as with a state-of-the-art SA, thus providing a reliable method for measuring very low power signals for a wide variety of applications.

Salicylic Acid-Regulated Antioxidant Mechanisms and Gene Expression Enhance Rosemary Performance under Saline Conditions

PubMed Central

El-Esawi, Mohamed A.; Elansary, Hosam O.; El-Shanhorey, Nader A.; Abdel-Hamid, Amal M. E.; Ali, Hayssam M.; Elshikh, Mohamed S.

2017-01-01

Salinity stress as a major agricultural limiting factor may influence the chemical composition and bioactivity of Rosmarinus officinallis L. essential oils and leaf extracts. The application of salicylic acid (SA) hormone may alleviate salinity stress by modifying the chemical composition, gene expression and bioactivity of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, SA was applied to enhance salinity tolerance in R. officinallis. R. officinallis plants were subjected to saline water every 2 days (640, 2,000, and 4,000 ppm NaCl) and 4 biweekly sprays of SA at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm for 8 weeks. Simulated salinity reduced all vegetative growth parameters such as plant height, plant branches and fresh and dry weights. However, SA treatments significantly enhanced these plant growth and morphological traits under salinity stress. Salinity affected specific major essential oils components causing reductions in α-pinene, β-pinene, and cineole along with sharp increases in linalool, camphor, borneol, and verbenone. SA applications at 100–300 ppm largely reversed the effects of salinity. Interestingly, SA treatments mitigated salinity stress effects by increasing the total phenolic, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and proline contents of leaves along with decline in sodium and chloride. Importantly, this study also proved that SA may stimulate the antioxidant enzymatic mechanism pathway including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as increasing the non-enzymatic antioxidants such as free and total ascorbate in plants subjected to salinity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that APX and 3 SOD genes showed higher levels in SA-treated rosemary under salinity stress, when compared to non-sprayed plants. Moreover, the expression level of selected genes conferring tolerance to salinity (bZIP62, DREB2, ERF3, and OLPb) were enhanced in SA-treated rosemary under salt stress, indicating that SA treatment resulted in the modulation of such genes expression which in turn enhanced rosemary tolerance to salinity stress. PMID:28983254

Prolonged dark period modulates the oxidative burst and enzymatic antioxidant systems in the leaves of salicylic acid-treated tomato.

PubMed

Poór, Péter; Takács, Zoltán; Bela, Krisztina; Czékus, Zalán; Szalai, Gabriella; Tari, Irma

2017-06-01

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant growth regulator playing a role in the hypersensitive reaction (HR) and the induction of systemic acquired resistance. Since the SA-mediated signalling pathways and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are light-dependent, the time- and concentration-specific induction of oxidative stress was investigated in leaves of tomato plants kept under light and dark conditions after treatments with 0.1mM and 1mM SA. The application of exogenous SA induced early superoxide- and H 2 O 2 production in the leaves, which was different in the absence or presence of light and showed time- and concentration-dependent changes. 1mM SA, which induced HR-like cell death resulted in two peaks in the H 2 O 2 production in the light but the first, priming peak was not detected in the dark. Unlike 0.1mM SA, 1mM SA application induced NADPH oxidase activity leading to increased superoxide production in the first hours of SA treatments in the light. Moreover, SA treatments inhibited catalase (CAT) activity and caused a transient decline in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), the two main enzymes responsible for H 2 O 2 degradation, which led to a fast H 2 O 2 burst in the light. Their activity as well as the expression of some isoenzymes of SOD and APX increased only from the 12th h in the illuminated samples. The activity of NADPH oxidase and expression SlRBOH1 gene encoding a NADPH oxidase subunit was much lower in the dark. In spite of low CAT and APX activity after SA treatments in the dark, the activation of guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (POD) could partially substitute H 2 O 2 scavenging activity of these enzymes in the dark, which reduced the ROS burst and development of lesion formation in the leaves. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Global Sensor Management: Military Asset Allocation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-06

solution (referred to as moves). A similar approach has been suggested by Zweben et al. (1993), who use a local search base metaheuristic , specifically...trapped in a local optimum. Hansen and Mladenovic (1998) describe the concept of variable neighborhood local search algorithms , and describe an...Mataric and G.S. Sukhatme (2002). “An incremental deployment algorithm for mobile robot teams,” Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on

Basic Studies of Distributed Discharge Limiters

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-10

Sputtered Lanthanum Hexaboride Film Thickness on Field Emission from Metallic Knife Edge Cathodes,” M.P. Kirley, B. Novakovic , N. Sule, M. J. Weber, I...IEEE ICOPS, San Diego, CA (2009). 99. Nishant Sule, Matt Kirley, Bozidar Novakovic , John Scharer, Irena Knezevic and John H. Booske...M. Kirley, B. Novakovic , J. Scharer, I. Knezevic, and J.H. Booske, “Field emission from low work function cathode coatings,”, Intl. Conf. Plasma

78 FR 37454 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

... National, RNAV (GPS) RWY 20, Amdt 1 Osceola, WI, L O Simenstad Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 10, Orig Osceola, WI, L... June 2013 Klawock, AK, Klawock, RNAV (GPS) RWY 2, Orig * * * Effective 25 July 2013 Mesa, AZ, Falcon Fld, RNAV (GPS) RWY 4R, Amdt 1A Ontario, CA, Ontario Intl, RNAV (GPS) Y RWY 8L, Amdt 1C Meriden, CT...

Characterization of the P. Brevis Polyether Neurotoxin Binding Component in Excitable Membranes

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-14

International Conference on Ciguatera . (T. R. Tosteson and D. Ballantyne, Eds.) in press. Baden, D.G. (1991) The Polyether Brevetoxins and Site Five of the...Confomrations and Potency Correlations. Third Intl. Conf. Ciguatera , Puerto Rico 1990. Tosteson, T.R., and Baden, D.G. Polyether Dinoflagellate Toxins...and Caribbean Ciguatera : Correlation of Fish Toxins with Standard Toxins Third International Conference on Ciguatera , Peurto Rico 1990. Baden, D.G

77 FR 68149 - Karen Paul Holley, M.D.; Decision and Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... meaningless tasks. See Philip E. Kirk, M.D., 48 FR 32887 (1983), aff'd sub nom. Kirk v. Mullen, 749 F.2d 297...); NLRB v. Int'l Assoc. of Bridge, Structural & Ornamental Ironworkers, AFL-CIO, 549 F.2d 634 (9th Cir. 1977); United States v. Consol. Mines & Smelting Co., 455 F.2d 432, 453 (9th Cir. 1971). Thus, it is...

77 FR 26667 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

.... 97.20 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The large number of SIAPs, their complex nature...-12 MN Mankato Mankato Rgnl........ 2/1869 4/20/12 RNAV (GPS) RWY 22, Orig 31-May-12 TN Memphis... IL Chicago Chicago O'Hare Intl. 2/6031 4/11/12 ILS OR LOC RWY 4R, Amdt 6L 31-May-12 MN Cloquet...

76 FR 1355 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-10

.... 97.20 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The large number of SIAPs, their complex nature... MN Duluth Duluth Intl......... 0/2159 12/20/10 ILS OR LOC RWY 27, Amdt 9 10-Feb-11 KS Iola Allen...-Feb-11 KS Olathe Johnson County 0/2282 12/17/10 NDB B, Amdt 3 Executive. 10-Feb-11 MN Duluth Duluth...

Competitive Nurse Rostering and Rerostering

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

2003)(BenHassine and Ho, 2007), staff scheduling (Winstanley, 2004), project scheduling ( Knotts et. al. 2000)(Confessore et. al. 2007), and...International Journal of Production Research. Vol. 44, No. 20, 2006, 4431- 4444 32. Bowles, Cheryl and Candela, Lori. “First Job Experiences of Recents RN...IEEE Intl Sym on Comp Intel in Robotics and Automations. 2003, 312-317 105 81. Knotts , G. et. al. “Agent-Based Project Scheduling.” IIE

Environmental and Mechanical Stability of Environmental Barrier Coated SA Tyrannohex SiC Composites Under Simulated Turbine Engine Environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhu, Dongming; Halbig, Michael Charles; Sing, Mrityunjay

2014-01-01

The environmental stability and thermal gradient cyclic durability performance of SA Tyrannohex composites were investigated for turbine engine component applications. The work has been focused on investigating the combustion rig recession, cyclic thermal stress resistance and thermomechanical low cycle fatigue of uncoated and environmental barrier coated Tyrannohex SiC SA composites in simulated turbine engine combustion water vapor, thermal gradients, and mechanical loading conditions. Flexural strength degradations have been evaluated, and the upper limits of operating temperature conditions for the SA composite material systems are discussed based on the experimental results.

ABNORMAL INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM1 Functions in Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis to Maintain Proper Reactive Oxygen Species Levels for Root Meristem Activity in Rice.

PubMed

Xu, Lei; Zhao, Hongyu; Ruan, Wenyuan; Deng, Minjuan; Wang, Fang; Peng, Jinrong; Luo, Jie; Chen, Zhixiang; Yi, Keke

2017-03-01

Root meristem activity determines root growth and root architecture and consequently affects water and nutrient uptake in plants. However, our knowledge about the regulation of root meristem activity in crop plants is very limited. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a short root mutant in rice ( Oryza sativa ) with reduced root meristem activity. This root growth defect is caused by a mutation in ABNORMAL INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM1 ( AIM1 ), which encodes a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in β-oxidation. The reduced root meristem activity of aim1 results from reduced salicylic acid (SA) levels and can be rescued by SA application. Furthermore, reduced SA levels are associated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aim1 , likely due to increased expression of redox and ROS-scavenging-related genes, whose increased expression is (at least in part) caused by reduced expression of the SA-inducible transcriptional repressors WRKY62 and WRKY76. Like SA, ROS application substantially increased root length and root meristem activity in aim1 These results suggest that AIM1 is required for root growth in rice due to its critical role in SA biosynthesis: SA maintains root meristem activity through promoting ROS accumulation by inducing the activity of WRKY transcriptional repressors, which repress the expression of redox and ROS-scavenging genes. © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid and nitric oxide alleviate high temperature induced oxidative damage in Lablab purpureus L plants by regulating bio-physical processes and DNA methylation.

PubMed

Rai, Krishna Kumar; Rai, Nagendra; Rai, Shashi Pandey

2018-07-01

Salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) modulates plant growth and development processes and recent findings have also revealed their involvement in the regulation of epigenetic factors under stress condition. In the present study, some of these factors were comparatively studied in hyacinth bean plants subjected to high temperature (HT) environment (40-42 °C) with and without exogenous application of SA and SNP under field condition. Exogenous application of SA and SNP substantially modulated the growth and biophysical process of hyacinth bean plants under HT environment. Exogenous application of SA and SNP also remarkably regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, modulated mRNA level of certain enzymes, improves plant water relation, enhance photosynthesis and thereby increasing plant defence under HT. Coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) technique revealed that many methylation changes were "dose dependent" and HT significantly increased DNA damages as evidenced by both increase and decrease in bands profiles, methylation and de-methylation pattern. Thus, the result of the present study clearly shows that exogenous SA and SNP regulates DNA methylation pattern, modulates stress-responsive genes and can impart transient HT tolerance by synchronizing growth and physiological acclimatization of plants, thus narrowing the gaps between physio-biochemical and molecular events in addressing HT tolerance. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid beyond defence: its role in plant growth and development.

PubMed

Rivas-San Vicente, Mariana; Plasencia, Javier

2011-06-01

In recent years salicylic acid (SA) has been the focus of intensive research due to its function as an endogenous signal mediating local and systemic plant defence responses against pathogens. It has also been found that SA plays a role during the plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought, chilling, heavy metal toxicity, heat, and osmotic stress. In this sense, SA appears to be, just like in mammals, an 'effective therapeutic agent' for plants. Besides this function during biotic and abiotic stress, SA plays a crucial role in the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes during the entire lifespan of the plant. The discovery of its targets and the understanding of its molecular modes of action in physiological processes could help in the dissection of the complex SA signalling network, confirming its important role in both plant health and disease. Here, the evidence that supports the role of SA during plant growth and development is reviewed by comparing experiments performed by exogenous application of SA with analysis of genotypes affected by SA levels and/or perception.

Electrically responsive materials based on polycarbazole/sodium alginate hydrogel blend for soft and flexible actuator application.

PubMed

Sangwan, Watchara; Petcharoen, Karat; Paradee, Nophawan; Lerdwijitjarud, Wanchai; Sirivat, Anuvat

2016-10-20

The electromechanical properties, namely the storage modulus sensitivity and bending, of sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels and polycarbazole/sodium alginate (PCB/SA) hydrogel blends under applied electric field was investigated. The electromechanical properties of the pristine SA were studied under effects of crosslinking types and SA molecular weights, whereas the PCB/SA hydrogel blends were studied under the effect of PCB concentrations. The storage modulus sensitivity and bending of the pristine SA as crosslinked by the ionic crosslinking agent were found to be higher than those of the covalent crosslinking. The storage modulus sensitivity and deflection of the SA increased monotonically with increasing molecular weight. The highest electromechanical response of the PCB/SA hydrogel blends was obtained from the blend with 0.10% v/v PCB as it provided surprisingly the highest ever storage modulus sensitivity, (G'-G'0)/G'0 where G'0 and G' are the storage modulus without and with applied electric field, respectively, at 18.5 under applied electric field strength of 800V/mm. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid are essential for systemic resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana.

PubMed

Zhu, Feng; Xi, De-Hui; Yuan, Shu; Xu, Fei; Zhang, Da-Wei; Lin, Hong-Hui

2014-06-01

Systemic resistance is induced by pathogens and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Recent studies have indicated that salicylic acid (SA) derivative methyl salicylate (MeSA) serves as a long-distance phloem-mobile systemic resistance signal in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and potato. However, other experiments indicate that jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical mobile signal. Here, we present evidence suggesting both MeSA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are essential for systemic resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), possibly acting as the initiating signals for systemic resistance. Foliar application of JA followed by SA triggered the strongest systemic resistance against TMV. Furthermore, we use a virus-induced gene-silencing-based genetics approach to investigate the function of JA and SA biosynthesis or signaling genes in systemic response against TMV infection. Silencing of SA or JA biosynthetic and signaling genes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased susceptibility to TMV. Genetic experiments also proved the irreplaceable roles of MeSA and MeJA in systemic resistance response. Systemic resistance was compromised when SA methyl transferase or JA carboxyl methyltransferase, which are required for MeSA and MeJA formation, respectively, were silenced. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that JA and MeJA accumulated in phloem exudates of leaves at early stages and SA and MeSA accumulated at later stages, after TMV infection. Our data also indicated that JA and MeJA could regulate MeSA and SA production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (Me)JA and (Me)SA are required for systemic resistance response against TMV.

Protective effects of the dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on sodium arsenite-induced biochemical perturbation in mice.

PubMed

Karim, Md Rezaul; Haque, Abedul; Islam, Khairul; Ali, Nurshad; Salam, Kazi Abdus; Saud, Zahangir Alam; Hossain, Ekhtear; Fajol, Abul; Akhand, Anwarul Azim; Himeno, Seiichiro; Hossain, Khaled

2010-12-01

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of turmeric powder on arsenic toxicity through mice model. Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with turmeric powder (T, 50 mg/kg body weight/day), sodium arsenite (Sa, 10 mg/kg body weight/day) and turmeric plus Sa (T+Sa), respectively. Results showed that oral administration of Sa reduced the weight gain of the mice compared to the control group and food supplementation of turmeric prevented the reduction of weight gain. Turmeric abrogated the Sa-induced elevation of serum urea, glucose, triglyceride (TG) level and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity except the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Turmeric also prevented the Sa-induced perturbation of serum butyryl cholinesterase activity (BChE). Therefore, ameliorating effect of turmeric on Sa-treated mice suggested the future application of turmeric to reduce or to prevent arsenic toxicity in human.

Situation Awareness: Papers and Annotated Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

identification 133. McKinley, R.L., Erikson , M.A., and D’Angelo, W.R. (1994). 3-Dimensional auditory displays: Development , applications, and...constructed. The second paper, by Dr. Michael Vidulich, was originally written during the early stages of the SAINT team’s response to SA concerns raised...refers to how SA is developed and maintained during flight, while the product is the resultant, elusive thing we call SA itself (Tenney, Adams, Pew

Salicylic acid regulates basal resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat.

PubMed

Makandar, Ragiba; Nalam, Vamsi J; Lee, Hyeonju; Trick, Harold N; Dong, Yanhong; Shah, Jyoti

2012-03-01

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of cereal crops such as wheat and barley. Previously, expression in wheat of the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene (AtNPR1), which encodes a key regulator of salicylic acid (SA) signaling, was shown to reduce severity of FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum. It was hypothesized that SA signaling contributes to wheat defense against F. graminearum. Here, we show that increased accumulation of SA in fungus-infected spikes correlated with elevated expression of the SA-inducible pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene and FHB resistance. In addition, FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation were curtailed in wheat plants treated with SA and in AtNPR1 wheat, which is hyper-responsive to SA. In support of a critical role for SA in basal resistance to FHB, disease severity was higher in wheat expressing the NahG-encoded salicylate hydroxylase, which metabolizes SA. The FHB-promoting effect of NahG was overcome by application of benzo (1,2,3), thiadiazole-7 carbothioic acid S-methyl ester, a synthetic functional analog of SA, thus confirming an important role for SA signaling in basal resistance to FHB. We further demonstrate that jasmonate signaling has a dichotomous role in wheat interaction with F. graminearum, constraining activation of SA signaling during early stages of infection and promoting resistance during the later stages of infection.

Exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) induces chilling tolerance in short-duration hybrid maize.

PubMed

Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed; Khan, Imran; Akhter, Muhammad Javaid; Noor, Mehmood Ali; Ashraf, Umair

2017-04-01

Chilling stress hampers the optimal performance of maize under field conditions precipitously by inducing oxidative stress. To confer the damaging effects of chilling stress, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of some natural and synthetic plant growth regulators, i.e., salicylic acid (SA), thiourea (TU), sorghum water extract (SWE), and moringa leaf extract (MLE) on chilling stress tolerance in autumn maize hybrid. Foliar application of growth regulators at low concentrations was carried out at six leaf (V6) and tasseling stages. An increase in crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and total dry matter accumulation (TDM) was observed in exogenously applied plants as compared to control. In addition, improved physio-biochemical, phenological, and grain nutritional quality attributes were noticed in foliar-treated maize plots as compared to non-treated ones. SA-treated plants reduced 20% electrolyte leakage in cell membrane against control. MLE and SA were proved best in improving total phenolic, relative water (19-23%), and chlorophyll contents among other applications. A similar trend was found for photosynthetic and transpiration rates, whereas MLE and SWE were found better in improving CGR, LAI, LAD, TDM, PH, GY, grains per cob, 1000 grain weight, and biological yield among all treatments including control. TU and MLE have significantly reduced the duration in phenological events of crop at the reproductive stage. MLE, TU, and SA also improved the grain protein, oil, and starch contents as compared to control. Enhanced crop water productivity was also observed in MLE-treated plants. Economic analysis suggested that MLE and SA applications were more economical in inducing chilling stress tolerance under field conditions. Although eliciting behavior of all growth regulators improved morpho-physiological attributes against suboptimal temperature stress conditions, MLE and SA acted as leading agents which proved to be better stress alleviators by improving plant physio-biochemical attributes and maize growth.

Small Scale Trace Contaminant Testing of SA9T at Ambient and Reduced Pressure Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broerman, Craig; Sweterlitsch, Jeffrey

2011-01-01

A principle concern for air revitalization technology in a closed loop system is the capability to control carbon dioxide (CO2) and humidity (H2O). An amine based sorbent technology, SA9T, has long been evaluated for use in this application and several programs are evaluating it for use in both a cabin as well as space suit applications. While the CO2 and H2O performance of the sorbent has been tested extensively, the question of how trace contaminants impact performance requires further evaluation. This paper presents experimental results of small scale SA9T testing that was performed over a variety of test conditions and with a variety of trace contaminants. Testing evaluated the ability of SA9T media to sufficiently remove CO2 and H2O after exposure to a fully saturated trace contaminant at ambient conditions. Testing also evaluated the impact of CO2 and H2O removal performance at suit loop pressures during cyclic operation with a constant inlet contaminant load. In addition, testing evaluated the performance of SA9T at ambient conditions in a continuous 30-day test with a mixed trace contaminant stream.

A Human Factors Analysis of Proactive Support in Human-Robot Teaming

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-28

teammate is remotely controlling a robot while working with an intelligent robot teammate ‘Mary’. Our main result shows that the subjects generally...IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Conference Date: September 28, 2015 A Human Factors Analysis of Proactive Support in Human...human teammate is remotely controlling a robot while working with an intelligent robot teammate ‘Mary’. Our main result shows that the subjects

75 FR 32306 - Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act: Impact of Post-Default Agreements on Trust Protection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

...); American Banana Co. v. Republic Nat. Bank of N.Y., 362 F.3d 33 (2nd Cir. 2004); Patterson Frozen Foods, Inc. v. Crown Foods, Int'l, 307 F.3d 666, 667 (7th Cir. 2002); Greg Orchards Produce, Inc. v. P. Roncone J., 180 F.3d 888, 892 (7th Cir. 1999); Idahoan Fresh v. Advantage Produce, Inc., 157 F.3d 197, 205...

77 FR 9170 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-16

...-NOTAM), and is incorporated by reference in the amendment under 5 U.S.C. 552(a), 1 CFR part 51, and Sec... citation for part 97 continues to read as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40103, 40106, 40113, 40114... LOC RWY 9L, ILS RWY 9L (CAT II), ILS RWY 9L (CAT III), Orig-C 8-Mar-12 IL Chicago Chicago O'Hare Intl...

Modulators of Fish Immune Responses. Volume 1. Models for Environmental Toxicology/Biomarkers Immunostimulators

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

Immunity in Invertebrates. (M. Breh~lin, editor). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp 112-124. Smith, V.J. and K. Soderhall. (1983). Beta -1-3- glucan ...resistance of carp Cyprinus carpio to experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, by some beta - 1, 3- glucan . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55:1815-1819. Yoshida...inhibitory and anti-bacterial activity of soluble and particulate glucan . Intl. J. Cancer 24: 773-779. Ellsaesser, C.F. (1989). Identification and

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN THE USE OF GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER; CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FOR 9TH INT'L. INHALATION SYMPOSIUM ON EFFECTS OF AIR CONTAMINANTS ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT - INTERPRETATIONS FROM MOLECULES TO META ANALYSIS

EPA Science Inventory

Open cohort ("time-series") studies of the adverse health effects of short-term exposures to ambient particulate matter and gaseous co-pollutants have been essential in the standard setting process. Last year, a number of serious issues were raised concerning the fitting of Gener...

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 14, Number 5

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

Engrg., Santiago de Chile ,_[_, paper B3, pp 117- 129(1969). 13. Crandall, S.H., Lee, S.S., and Williams, J.H., Jr., "Accumulated Slip of a...Temperature, en - vironment, cumulative damage, and shock loading factors can also contribute to Cf depending on the operating conditions of the...Cycle Fatigue," ASME Proc. Intl. Conf. Reliability, Stress Analy- sis Failure Prevention Methods Mech. Des ., pp 237-245 (1980). 18. Shure, J.R. and

DEPSCOR: Research on ARL’s Intelligent Control Architecture: Hierarchical Hybrid-Model Based Design, Verification, Simulation, and Synthesis of Mission Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

shown in Figure 13 and the abstracted commanded environment is shown in Figure 14. Abort? Start Intl End itmi! Aborti Figure 13: Driver for loiter module...module in UPPAAL Aborti ? start Idle *- SteerToPoirt lot er<=2 Stee Doý2 I Abort? 65 66 Figure 14: Stub for loiter module module in UPPAAL Queries

Computer Modeling of Complete IC Fabrication Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-28

James Shipley National Semi.Peter N. Manos AMD Ritu Shrivastava Cypress Semi. Corp.Deborah D. Maracas Motorola, Inc. Paramjit Singh Rockwell Intl.Sidney...Carl F Daegs Sandia Hishan Z Massoud Duke* UnIVersdy Anant Dix* Silicon Systems David Matthews Hughes Rese~arch Lab DIolidi DoIIos Spery Tmioomly K...Jaczynski AT&T Bell Labs Jack C. Carlson Motorola Sanjay Jain AT&T Bell Labs Andrew Chan Fairchild Weston Systems Werner Juengling AT&T Bell Labs

The Shock and Vibration Digest, Volume 18, Number 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

Linear Distributed Parameter Des., Proc. Intl. Symp., 11th ONR Naval Struc. Systems by Shifted Legendre Polynomial Func- Mech. Symp., Tucson, AZ, pp...University, Atlanta, Georgia nonlinear problems with elementary algebra . It J. Sound Vib., 102 (2), pp 247-257 (Sept 22, uses i = -1, the Pascal’s...eigenvalues specified. The optimal avoid failure due to resonance under the action control problem of a linear distributed parameter 0School of Mechanical

Time of Application of Sodium Ascorbate on Bonding to Bleached Dentin.

PubMed

Jung, Kyoung-Hwa; Seon, Eun-Mi; Choi, An-Na; Kwon, Yong-Hoon; Son, Sung-Ae; Park, Jeong-Kil

2017-01-01

This study examined the effects of different application times of sodium ascorbate (SA) on the bond strength of composite resin to bleached dentin. Specimens with an exposed dentin surface were divided into 3 groups according to the type of bleaching agent used: Group A, mixture of sodium perborate (SP) and distilled water (DW); Group B, mixture of SP and hydrogen peroxide (HP); control group, no bleaching. Each group was classified into 10 subgroups. Subgroups IB and DB underwent immediate bonding and delayed bonding, respectively. 10% SA was applied to 3, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Microtensile bond strength ( μ TBS) was measured after restoration, and the data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffé's test. Before restoration, the dentin surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM showed that most dentin surfaces were filled with crystals when SA was applied to more than 24 hours. EDS revealed peaks of calcium, carbon, oxygen, and sodium. The application of SA for 5 minutes to 48 hours or for 30 minutes to 24 hours is suggested when a mixture of SP and DW or HP is used, respectively.

Effect of Different Elicitors and Preharvest Day Application on the Content of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Butterhead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Produced under Hydroponic Conditions.

PubMed

Moreno-Escamilla, Jesús Omar; Alvarez-Parrilla, Emilio; de la Rosa, Laura A; Núñez-Gastélum, José Alberto; González-Aguilar, Gustavo A; Rodrigo-García, Joaquín

2017-07-05

The effect of four elicitors on phytochemical content in two varieties of lettuce was evaluated. The best preharvest day for application of each elicitor was chosen. Solutions of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), and Harpin protein (HP) were applied by foliar aspersion on lettuce leaves while cultivating under hydroponic conditions. Application of elicitors was done at 15, 7, 5, 3, or 1 day before harvest. Green lettuce showed the highest increase in phytochemical content when elicitors (AA, SA, and HP) were applied on day 7 before harvest. Similarly, antioxidant activity rose in all treatments on day 7. In red lettuce, the highest content of bioactive molecules occurred in samples treated on day 15. AA, SA, and HP were the elicitors with the highest effect on phytochemical content for both varieties, mainly on polyphenol content. Antioxidant activity also increased in response to elicitation. HPLC-MS showed an increase in the content of phenolic acids in green and red lettuce, especially after elicitation with SA, suggesting activation of the caffeic acid pathway due to elicitation.

Distributed strain measurement and possible breakage detection of optical-fiber-embedded composite structure using slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Heeyoung; Ochi, Yutaka; Matsui, Takahiro; Matsumoto, Yukihiro; Tanaka, Yosuke; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Nakamura, Kentaro

2018-07-01

Slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (SA-BOCDR) is a recently developed structural health monitoring technique for measurements of strain, temperature, and loss distributions along optical fibers. Although the basic operational principle of this method has been clarified, no measurements using optical fibers embedded in actual structures have been reported. As a first step towards such practical applications, in this study, we present an example of an SA-BOCDR-based diagnosis using a composite structure with carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. The system’s output agrees well with the actual strain distributions. We were also able to detect the breakage of the embedded fiber, thus demonstrating the promise of SA-BOCDR for practical applications.

Voltammetric study of the boric acid-salicylaldehyde-H-acid ternary system and its application to the voltammetric determination of boron.

PubMed

Kajiwara, Mari; Ito, Yoshio N; Miyazaki, Yoshinobu; Fujimori, Takao; Takehara, Kô; Yoshimura, Kazuhisa

2015-02-14

The ternary system of boric acid, salicylaldehyde (SA) and H-acid (HA) was voltammetrically studied from kinetic and equilibrium points of view. The effect of the SA substituents was also studied by using two analogs, 5-fluorosalicylaldehyde (F-SA) and 5-methylsalicylaldehyde (Me-SA). The three cathodic peaks of Azomethine H (AzH), Azomethine H-boric acid complex (AzB), and free SA were observed in the solution containing boric acid, SA and HA. The peak potentials of AzH and SA were shifted to negative potentials with increasing pH, while the peak potential of AzB was pH-independent. This difference indicates that a proton participates in the charge-transfer steps of the AzH and SA reductions, but not in that of the AzB reduction. The formation constants for the AzB complexation were similar among all the examined analogs. In the kinetic study, the reaction rate was higher in an acidic condition for the AzH formation, but in a neutral condition for the AzB formation. The rate constants for the AzB complexes were in the order of F-SA > SA ≈ Me-SA, indicating that the fluoro group accelerates the F-AzB complexation. The AzB complexation mechanism is considered to consist of more than three steps, i.e., the pre-equilibrium of the salicylaldehyde-boric acid complex (SA-B) formation, the nucleophilic attack of HA on SA-B, and the remaining some steps to form AzB. Based on these results, the voltammetric determination method of boron using F-SA was optimized, which allowed the boron concentration to be determined within only 5 min with a 0.03 mg B dm(-3) detection limit.

An oxygen slow-releasing material and its application in water remediation as oxygen supplier.

PubMed

Zhou, Yanbo; Fang, Xingbin; Zhang, Zhiqing; Hu, Yonghua; Lu, Jun

2017-11-01

In this study, an oxygen slow-releasing material (OSRM) consisting of calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ), stearic acid (SA) and quartz sand was used to improve oxygen supply during bioremediation. The oxygen-releasing rates of CaO 2 powder and OSRM with different SA contents were investigated. The efficacy of OSRM as an oxygen supplier was assessed by water remediation experiments using activated sludge. Results showed that CaO 2 powder was effectively embedded by SA under anhydrous conditions. The oxygen-releasing rate decreased with increasing SA contents. Moreover, the OSRM exhibited higher oxygen-releasing capacity, and more effective pH control ability than CaO 2 powder. The water remediation experiments showed better removal of COD and [Formula: see text] with OSRM as the oxygen supplier. These results provided detailed information when CaO 2 was applied as the oxygen supplier in water remediation, which can serve as references for field application of bioremediation.

Health-based risk neutralization in private disability insurance

PubMed Central

Buitenhuis, Jan; Brouwer, Sandra; van der Klink, Jac J.L.; de Boer, Michiel R.

2016-01-01

Background: Exclusions are used by insurers to neutralize higher than average risks of sickness absence (SA). However, differentiating risk groups according to one’s medical situation can be seen as discrimination against people with health problems in violation of a 2006 United Nations convention. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the risk of SA of insured persons with exclusions added to their insurance contract differs from the risk of persons without exclusions. Methods: A dynamic cohort of 15 632 applicants for private disability insurance at a company insuring only college and university educated self-employed in the Netherlands. Mean follow-up was 8.94 years. Duration and number of SA periods were derived from insurance data to calculate the hazard of SA periods and of recurrence of SA periods. Results: Self-employed with an exclusion added to their insurance policy experienced a higher hazard of one or more periods of SA and on average more SA days than self-employed without an exclusion. Conclusion: Persons with an exclusion had a higher risk of SA than persons without an exclusion. The question to what extent an individual should benefit from being less vulnerable to disease and SA must be addressed in a larger societal context, taking other aspects of health inequality and solidarity into account as well. PMID:27371668

Adsorption of lysozyme by alginate/graphene oxide composite beads with enhanced stability and mechanical property.

PubMed

Li, Jiwei; Ma, Jianwei; Chen, Shaojuan; Huang, Yudong; He, Jinmei

2018-08-01

The large-scale applications of lysozyme in the pharmaceutical industry and food industry require more efficient and cost-effective techniques for its separation/purification. In the present study, graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a Ca 2+ crosslinked alginate/graphene oxide composite gel beads (Ca-SA/GO) which were then used to adsorb lysozyme from aqueous solutions. Compared with pure Ca 2+ crosslinked alginate gel beads (Ca-SA), the as-prepared Ca-SA/GO has a lower swelling degree, an improved gel stability in salt solutions, and a higher mechanical performance. This can be explained by the uniform distribution of GO sheets in the Ca-SA matrix and the existence of hydrogen bonding and high interfacial adhesion between GO filler and SA matrix demonstrated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Batch adsorption experiments found that the lysozyme adsorption capacity of Ca-SA/GO can reach 278.28 mg g -1 and it can be regenerated and reused at least 4 times. Moreover, in column adsorption, the Ca-SA/GO showed excellent dynamic adsorption property. With good stability, adsorption capacity, and regeneration ability, the Ca-SA/GO could be a promising adsorbent for lysozyme from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Rapid estimate of earthquake source duration: application to tsunami warning.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reymond, Dominique; Jamelot, Anthony; Hyvernaud, Olivier

2016-04-01

We present a method for estimating the source duration of the fault rupture, based on the high-frequency envelop of teleseismic P-Waves, inspired from the original work of (Ni et al., 2005). The main interest of the knowledge of this seismic parameter is to detect abnormal low velocity ruptures that are the characteristic of the so called 'tsunami-earthquake' (Kanamori, 1972). The validation of the results of source duration estimated by this method are compared with two other independent methods : the estimated duration obtained by the Wphase inversion (Kanamori and Rivera, 2008, Duputel et al., 2012) and the duration calculated by the SCARDEC process that determines the source time function (M. Vallée et al., 2011). The estimated source duration is also confronted to the slowness discriminant defined by Newman and Okal, 1998), that is calculated routinely for all earthquakes detected by our tsunami warning process (named PDFM2, Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism, (Clément and Reymond, 2014)). Concerning the point of view of operational tsunami warning, the numerical simulations of tsunami are deeply dependent on the source estimation: better is the source estimation, better will be the tsunami forecast. The source duration is not directly injected in the numerical simulations of tsunami, because the cinematic of the source is presently totally ignored (Jamelot and Reymond, 2015). But in the case of a tsunami-earthquake that occurs in the shallower part of the subduction zone, we have to consider a source in a medium of low rigidity modulus; consequently, for a given seismic moment, the source dimensions will be decreased while the slip distribution increased, like a 'compact' source (Okal, Hébert, 2007). Inversely, a rapid 'snappy' earthquake that has a poor tsunami excitation power, will be characterized by higher rigidity modulus, and will produce weaker displacement and lesser source dimensions than 'normal' earthquake. References: CLément, J. and Reymond, D. (2014). New Tsunami Forecast Tools for the French Polynesia Tsunami Warning System. Pure Appl. Geophys, 171. DUPUTEL, Z., RIVERA, L., KANAMORI, H. and HAYES, G. (2012). Wphase source inversion for moderate to large earthquakes. Geophys. J. Intl.189, 1125-1147. Kanamori, H. (1972). Mechanism of tsunami earthquakes. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 6, 246-259. Kanamori, H. and Rivera, L. (2008). Source inversion of W phase : speeding up seismic tsunami warning. Geophys. J. Intl. 175, 222-238. Newman, A. and Okal, E. (1998). Teleseismic estimates of radiated seismic energy : The E=M0 discriminant for tsunami earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 26885-26898. Ni, S., H. Kanamori, and D. Helmberger (2005), Energy radiation from the Sumatra earthquake, Nature, 434, 582. Okal, E.A., and H. Hébert (2007), Far-field modeling of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami, Geophys. J. Intl., 169, 1229-1238. Vallée, M., J. Charléty, A.M.G. Ferreira, B. Delouis, and J. Vergoz, SCARDEC : a new technique for the rapid determination of seismic moment magnitude, focal mechanism and source time functions for large earthquakes using body wave deconvolution, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 338-358, 2011.

Enhanced Thermal Properties of Novel Latent Heat Thermal Storage Material Through Confinement of Stearic Acid in Meso-Structured Onion-Like Silica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Junkai; Lv, Mengjiao; Lu, Jinshu; Chen, Yan; Zhang, Zijun; Zhang, Xiongjie; Zhu, Yingying

2017-12-01

Meso-structured onion-like silica (MOS), which had a highly ordered, onion-like multilayer; large surface area and pore volume; and highly curved mesopores, were synthesized as a support for stearic acid (SA) to develop a novel shape-stabilized phase change material (SA/MOS). The characterizations of SA/MOS were studied by the analysis technique of scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). The results showed that the interaction between the SA and the MOS was physical adsorption and that the MOS had no effect on the crystal structure of the SA. The DSC results suggested that the melting and solidifying temperature of the SA/MOS were 72.7°C and 63.9°C with a melting latent heat of 108.0 J/g and a solidifying latent heat of 126.0 J/g, respectively, and the TGA results indicated that the SA/MOS had a good thermal stability. All of the results demonstrated that the SA/MOS was a promising thermal energy storage material candidate for practical applications.

Functionalities of chitosan conjugated with stearic acid and gallic acid and application of the modified chitosan in stabilizing labile aroma compounds in an oil-in-water emulsion.

PubMed

Yang, Tsung-Shi; Liu, Tai-Ti; Lin, I-Hwa

2017-08-01

The aims of this research were to conjugate chitosan (CT) with stearic acid (SA) and gallic acid (GA), and apply the modified chitosan to stabilize labile aroma compounds such as allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and limonene in oil-in-water emulsions. Generally, the antioxidant activity of CT-SA-GA increased as the GA content in the conjugate increased. In most assays, GA had a lower IC 50 value than that of CT-SA-GA; however, CT-SA-GA exhibited better performance than GA in the Fe 2+ -chelating activity. In accelerated tests (heating or illumination) for evaluating the chemical stability of AITC and limonene during storage, CT-SA and CT-SA-GA were used to prepare AITC and limonene O/W emulsions, respectively. Tween 80 and Span 80 (T-S-80), an emulsifier mixture, were used as a control in both emulsions for comparison. The results show that CT-SA or CT-SA-GA could protect AITC or limonene from degradation or oxidation more effectively than T-S-80. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Light-weight low-frequency loudspeaker

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corsaro, Robert; Tressler, James

2002-05-01

In an aerospace application, we require a very low-mass sound generator with good performance at low audio frequencies (i.e., 30-400 Hz). A number of device configurations have been explored using various actuation technologies. Two particularly interesting devices have been developed, both using ``Thunder'' transducers (Face Intl. Corp.) as the actuation component. One of these devices has the advantage of high sound output but a complex phase spectrum, while the other has somewhat lower output but a highly uniform phase. The former is particularly novel in that the actuator is coupled to a flat, compliant diaphragm supported on the edges by an inflatable tube. This results in a radiating surface with very high modal complexity. Sound pressure levels measured in the far field (25 cm) using only 200-V peak drive (one-third or its rating) were nominally 74 6 dB over the band from 38 to 330 Hz. The second device essentially operates as a stiff low-mass piston, and is more suitable for our particular application, which is exploring the use of active controlled surface covers for reducing sound levels in payload fairing regions. [Work supported by NRL/ONR Smart Blanket program.

77 FR 43552 - Airworthiness Directives; Turbomeca S.A. Turboshaft Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

....19 to make your request. (i) Related Information (1) For more information about this AD, contact Rose... we issued that AD, the applicability has been reduced to certain FCUs and the referenced service... holidays. For service information identified in this AD, contact Turbomeca S.A., 40220 Tarnos, France...

AN OVERVIEW OF THE UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION (UA/SA/PE) API AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT IT

EPA Science Inventory

The Application Programming Interface (API) for Uncertainty Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, and
Parameter Estimation (UA/SA/PE API) (also known as Calibration, Optimization and Sensitivity and Uncertainty (CUSO)) was developed in a joint effort between several members of both ...

75 FR 76628 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

..., Amdt 1. 13-Jan-11 NY Syracuse Syracuse Hancock 0/6891 11/17/10 ILS RWY 28, ILS RWY 28 (CAT II), Amdt... RWY 1R (CAT II), ILS RWY 1R (CAT III), Amdt 3. 13-Jan-11 MO Kansas City......... Kansas City Intl.... 0/6952 11/15/10 ILS OR LOC RWY 19R, ILS RWY 19R (CAT II), ILS RWY 19R (CAT III), Amdt 10. 13-Jan-11...

76 FR 20217 - Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act: Impact of Post-Default Agreements on Trust Protection...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... N.Y., 362 F.3d 33 (2nd Cir. 2004); Patterson Frozen Foods, Inc. v. Crown Foods, Int'l, 307 F.3d 666, 667 (7th Cir. 2002); Greg Orchards Produce, Inc. v. P. Roncone J., 180 F.3d 888, 892 (7th Cir. 1999); Idahoan Fresh v. Advantage Produce, Inc., 157F.3d 197, 205 (3d Cir. 1998); In re Lombardo Fruit and...

Aerial Port Location Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-01

the Uniform Material Movements and Issue Priority System (UMMIPS) is becoming an increasing difficult and expensive challenge . (3) According to...NEWZEALA 25,742 406 71 CUA CUBI POINT BATAAN PHILIPPIN 23,500 10 72 AJR ARVIDSJAUR SWEDEN 22,900 34 73 KPI KAPIT MALAYSIA 21,155 10 74 MGA MANAGUA...600 3 109 BDS BRINDISI ITALY 485 13 110 KUL KUALA LUMPUR INTL MALAYSIA 391 1 111 YES ISTANBUL TURKEY 352 3 112 DOH DOHA QATAR 208 3 113 ZAG

A Submillimeter Wavelength Space-Based Imaging Radar.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-31

4th Intl. Symposium on Gyrotrons and FEL’s; Bejing , China . June 1987. 10. K. Kreischer and R. Temkin, Phvs. Rev. Lett. 59, 547 (1987). 11. S. Spira...a concern exists about space-based opera - S tion. In the space environment, these voltages could cause breakdown and arcing unless the system is...emission. This experiment will operaic in a TE 61 mode, will use a Bragg resonator to provide longitudinal mode selectivity, and is designed to

Alphabetic List of All DoD Prime Contractors (No Dollars), FY84.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

ALDEN SALES CO ALFRED A YEE DIV LEO A DALY ALBERICI J S CONSTRUCTION CO ALDER FOOD DISTRIBUTORS ALFRED KAERCHER, ALBERS BOB CONSTRUCTION INC ALDERMAN...LABORATORIES INC BISSON LUCIEN INC BILDON INC BIOMETALLICS BITO LAGERTECHNIK BITTMANN GMB BILFINGER & BERGER BIONETICS CORP THE BITTINGER W E CO BILKE OIL CO...ROOT INC BROWN LEARY INC BROOK PETROLEUM INC BROWN & SHARPE INTL CAPITAL BROWN LEO CONSTRUCTION CO INC BROOKDALE COMMUNITY BROWN & SHARPE MFG CO

Shape Matching and Image Segmentation Using Stochastic Labeling

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

hierarchique d’Etiquetage Probabiliste," To be presented at AFCET, 3 eme Congres, Reconnaissance Des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle , Sept. 16-18...Tenenbaum, "MSYS: A System for Reasoning About Scenes," Tech. Note 121, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI Intl., Menlo Park, CA, 1976. [1-6] D. Marr, T...Analysis and Machine Intelligence . [1-10] O.D. Faugeras and M. Berthod, "Using Context in the Global Recognition of a Set of Objects: An Optimization

Analytical derivatives of the individual state energies in ensemble density functional theory method. I. General formalism

DOE PAGES

Filatov, Michael; Liu, Fang; Martínez, Todd J.

2017-07-21

The state-averaged (SA) spin restricted ensemble referenced Kohn-Sham (REKS) method and its state interaction (SI) extension, SI-SA-REKS, enable one to describe correctly the shape of the ground and excited potential energy surfaces of molecules undergoing bond breaking/bond formation reactions including features such as conical intersections crucial for theoretical modeling of non-adiabatic reactions. Until recently, application of the SA-REKS and SI-SA-REKS methods to modeling the dynamics of such reactions was obstructed due to the lack of the analytical energy derivatives. Here, the analytical derivatives of the individual SA-REKS and SI-SA-REKS energies are derived. The final analytic gradient expressions are formulated entirelymore » in terms of traces of matrix products and are presented in the form convenient for implementation in the traditional quantum chemical codes employing basis set expansions of the molecular orbitals. Finally, we will describe the implementation and benchmarking of the derived formalism in a subsequent article of this series.« less

Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz Ex Etl. Induced by Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Soil Salinity.

PubMed

Grzeszczuk, Monika; Salachna, Piotr; Meller, Edward

2018-05-29

Salvia coccinea (Lamiaceae) is a promising source of potential antioxidants, and its extracts can be used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as in food products and cosmetics. Salicylic acid (SA) affects many physiological and metabolic processes in vascular plants under salinity stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of S. coccinea to either SA, or sodium chloride (NaCl), or a combination of both. The plants were sprayed with a solution of 0.5 or 1.0 mM SA and watered with 0, 100, 200, or 300 mM NaCl. Exogenous application of SA increased the number of branches, fresh herbal weight, and total chlorophyll content vs control plants. Salinity-exposed plants showed reduced growth, content of photosynthetic pigments total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. However, foliar application of SA relieved the adverse effects of 100 mM NaCl, as demonstrated by increased number of branches, greater fresh herbal weight, higher content of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, and total polyphenols, as well as antioxidant potential, detected using ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2.2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), compared with untreated plants.

Extension of the Bgl Broad Group Cross Section Library

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirilova, Desislava; Belousov, Sergey; Ilieva, Krassimira

2009-08-01

The broad group cross-section libraries BUGLE and BGL are applied for reactor shielding calculation using the DOORS package based on discrete ordinates method and multigroup approximation of the neutron cross-sections. BUGLE and BGL libraries are problem oriented for PWR or VVER type of reactors respectively. They had been generated by collapsing the problem independent fine group library VITAMIN-B6 applying PWR and VVER one-dimensional radial model of the reactor middle plane using the SCALE software package. The surveillance assemblies (SA) of VVER-1000/320 are located on the baffle above the reactor core upper edge in a region where geometry and materials differ from those of the middle plane and the neutron field gradient is very high which would result in a different neutron spectrum. That is why the application of the fore-mentioned libraries for the neutron fluence calculation in the region of SA could lead to an additional inaccuracy. This was the main reason to study the necessity for an extension of the BGL library with cross-sections appropriate for the SA region. Comparative analysis of the neutron spectra of the SA region calculated by the VITAMIN-B6 and BGL libraries using the two-dimensional code DORT have been done with purpose to evaluate the BGL applicability for SA calculation.

Bench-Scale Trace Contaminant Testing of SA9T at Ambient and Reduced Pressure Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broerman, Craig; Sweterlitsch, Jeff

2011-01-01

A principal concern for air revitalization technology in a closed loop system is the capability to control carbon dioxide (CO2) and humidity (H2O). An amine based sorbent technology, SA9T, has been evaluated for use in this application and several programs are evaluating it for use in both cabin and space suit applications. While the CO2 and H2O performance of the sorbent has been tested extensively, the question of how trace contaminants impact performance requires further evaluation. This paper presents experimental results of bench-scale SA9T testing that was performed under a variety of test conditions and with several different trace contaminants. Tests were conducted to determine if the capacity of the SA9T media to sufficiently remove CO2 and H2O is compromised after exposure to a fully saturated trace contaminant at ambient conditions. Tests also were conducted to evaluate the performance of SA9T at ambient conditions in a continuous 30-day test with a mixed trace contaminant stream. In addition, testing also evaluated the impact of CO2 and H2O removal performance at suit loop pressures (29.6 KPa/4.3 psia) during cyclic operation with a constant inlet contaminant load.

Interactions between the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathway modulate the plant metabolome and affect herbivores of different feeding types.

PubMed

Schweiger, R; Heise, A-M; Persicke, M; Müller, C

2014-07-01

The phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediate induced plant defences and the corresponding pathways interact in a complex manner as has been shown on the transcript and proteine level. Downstream, metabolic changes are important for plant-herbivore interactions. This study investigated metabolic changes in leaf tissue and phloem exudates of Plantago lanceolata after single and combined JA and SA applications as well as consequences on chewing-biting (Heliothis virescens) and piercing-sucking (Myzus persicae) herbivores. Targeted metabolite profiling and untargeted metabolic fingerprinting uncovered different categories of plant metabolites, which were influenced in a specific manner, indicating points of divergence, convergence, positive crosstalk and pronounced mutual antagonism between the signaling pathways. Phytohormone-specific decreases of primary metabolite pool sizes in the phloem exudates may indicate shifts in sink-source relations, resource allocation, nutrient uptake or photosynthesis. Survival of both herbivore species was significantly reduced by JA and SA treatments. However, the combined application of JA and SA attenuated the negative effects at least against H. virescens suggesting that mutual antagonism between the JA and SA pathway may be responsible. Pathway interactions provide a great regulatory potential for the plant that allows triggering of appropriate defences when attacked by different antagonist species. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins

PubMed Central

Beissert, Tim; Koste, Lars; Perkovic, Mario; Walzer, Kerstin C.; Erbar, Stephanie; Selmi, Abderraouf; Diken, Mustafa; Kreiter, Sebastian; Türeci, Özlem; Sahin, Ugur

2017-01-01

Among nucleic acid–based delivery platforms, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors are of increasing interest for applications such as transient expression of recombinant proteins and vaccination. saRNA is safe and, due to its capability to amplify intracellularly, high protein levels can be produced from even minute amounts of transfected templates. However, it is an obstacle to full exploitation of this platform that saRNA induces a strong innate host immune response. In transfected cells, pattern recognition receptors sense double-stranded RNA intermediates and via activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and interferon signaling initiate host defense measures including a translational shutdown. To reduce pattern recognition receptor stimulation and unleash suppressed saRNA translation, this study co-delivered non-replicating mRNA encoding vaccinia virus immune evasion proteins E3, K3, and B18. It was shown that E3 is far superior to K3 or B18 as a highly potent blocker of PKR activation and of interferon (IFN)-β upregulation. B18, in contrast, is superior in controlling OAS1, a key IFN-inducible gene involved in viral RNA degradation. By combining all three vaccinia proteins, the study achieved significant suppression of PKR and IFN pathway activation in vitro and enhanced expression of saRNA-encoded genes of interest both in vitro and in vivo. This approach promises to overcome key hurdles of saRNA gene delivery. Its application may improve the bioavailability of the encoded protein, and reduce the effective dose and correspondingly the cost of goods of manufacture in the various fields where saRNA utilization is envisioned. PMID:28877647

Regulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by salicylic acid in rice plants under salinity stress conditions

PubMed Central

Mun, Bong-Gyu; Khan, Abdul Latif; Waqas, Muhammad; Kim, Hyun-Ho; Shahzad, Raheem; Imran, Muhammad

2018-01-01

This study investigated the regulatory role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in rice and its effects on toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during short-term salinity stress. SA application (0.5 and 1.0 mM) during salinity-induced stress (100 mM NaCl) resulted in significantly longer shoot length and higher chlorophyll and biomass accumulation than with salinity stress alone. NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production led to increased levels of lipid peroxidation in rice plants, which were significantly reduced following SA application. A similar finding was observed for superoxide dismutase; however, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly reduced in rice plants treated with SA and NaCl alone and in combination. The relative mRNA expression of OsCATA and OsAPX1 was lower in rice plants during SA stress. Regarding nitrogenous species, S-nitrosothiol (SNO) was significantly reduced initially (one day after treatment [DAT]) but then increased in plants subjected to single or combined stress conditions. Genes related to SNO biosynthesis, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1), NO synthase-like activity (NOA), and nitrite reductase (NIR) were also assessed. The mRNA expression of GSNOR1 was increased relative to that of the control, whereas OsNOA was expressed at higher levels in plants treated with SA and NaCl alone relative to the control. The mRNA expression of OsNR was decreased in plants subjected to single or combination treatment, except at 2 DAT, compared to the control. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that SA can regulate the generation of NaCl-induced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species in rice plants. PMID:29558477

Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins.

PubMed

Beissert, Tim; Koste, Lars; Perkovic, Mario; Walzer, Kerstin C; Erbar, Stephanie; Selmi, Abderraouf; Diken, Mustafa; Kreiter, Sebastian; Türeci, Özlem; Sahin, Ugur

2017-12-01

Among nucleic acid-based delivery platforms, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors are of increasing interest for applications such as transient expression of recombinant proteins and vaccination. saRNA is safe and, due to its capability to amplify intracellularly, high protein levels can be produced from even minute amounts of transfected templates. However, it is an obstacle to full exploitation of this platform that saRNA induces a strong innate host immune response. In transfected cells, pattern recognition receptors sense double-stranded RNA intermediates and via activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and interferon signaling initiate host defense measures including a translational shutdown. To reduce pattern recognition receptor stimulation and unleash suppressed saRNA translation, this study co-delivered non-replicating mRNA encoding vaccinia virus immune evasion proteins E3, K3, and B18. It was shown that E3 is far superior to K3 or B18 as a highly potent blocker of PKR activation and of interferon (IFN)-β upregulation. B18, in contrast, is superior in controlling OAS1, a key IFN-inducible gene involved in viral RNA degradation. By combining all three vaccinia proteins, the study achieved significant suppression of PKR and IFN pathway activation in vitro and enhanced expression of saRNA-encoded genes of interest both in vitro and in vivo. This approach promises to overcome key hurdles of saRNA gene delivery. Its application may improve the bioavailability of the encoded protein, and reduce the effective dose and correspondingly the cost of goods of manufacture in the various fields where saRNA utilization is envisioned.

WS₂ as a saturable absorber for ultrafast photonic applications of mode-locked and Q-switched lasers.

PubMed

Wu, Kan; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Wang, Jun; Li, Xing; Chen, Jianping

2015-05-04

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially the transition metal sulfide semiconductors, have drawn great interests due to their potential applications in viable photonic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) based saturable absorber (SA) for ultrafast photonic applications was demonstrated. WS2 nanosheets were prepared using liquid-phase exfoliation method and embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film for the practical usage. Saturable absorption was discovered in the WS2-PVA SA at the telecommunication wavelength near 1550 nm. By incorporating WS2-PVA SA into a fiber laser cavity, both stable mode locking operation and Q-switching operation were achieved. In the mode locking operation, the laser obtained femtosecond output pulse width and high spectral purity in the radio frequency spectrum. In the Q-switching operation, the laser had tunable repetition rate and output pulse energy of a few tens of nano joule. Our findings suggest that few-layer WS2 nanosheets embedded in PVA thin film are promising nonlinear optical materials for ultrafast photonic applications as a mode locker or Q-switcher.

Never blame the umpire - a review of Situation Awareness models and methods for examining the performance of officials in sport.

PubMed

Neville, Timothy J; Salmon, Paul M

2016-07-01

As sport becomes more complex, there is potential for ergonomics concepts to help enhance the performance of sports officials. The concept of Situation Awareness (SA) appears pertinent given the requirement for officials to understand what is going on in order to make decisions. Although numerous models exist, none have been applied to examine officials, and only several recent examples have been applied to sport. This paper examines SA models and methods to identify if any have applicability to officials in sport (OiS). Evaluation of the models and methods identified potential applications of individual, team and systems models of SA. The paper further demonstrates that the Distributed Situation Awareness model is suitable for studying officials in fastball sports. It is concluded that the study of SA represents a key area of multidisciplinary research for both ergonomics and sports science in the context of OiS. Practitioner Summary: Despite obvious synergies, applications of cognitive ergonomics concepts in sport are sparse. This is especially so for Officials in Sport (OiS). This article presents an evaluation of Situation Awareness models and methods, providing practitioners with guidance on which are the most suitable for OiS system design and evaluation.

Dose-dependent competitive block by topical acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid of low pH-induced cutaneous pain.

PubMed

Steen, K H; Reeh, P W; Kreysel, H W

1996-01-01

In a human acid pain model, which uses continuous intradermal pressure infusion of a phosphate-buffered solution (pH 5.2) to induce localized non-adapting pain, the flow was adjusted to result in constant pain ratings of about 20% or 50% on a visual analog scale (VAS). Six volunteers in each group participated in 4 different placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over studies to measure rapidly evolving cutaneous analgesia from topically applied new ointment formulations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) as well as of commercial ibuprofen and benzocain creams. Similar, log-linear dose-response curves were found for both ASA and SA, significant in effect at 3 g/kg and higher drug contents and reaching saturation level at 15 or 30 g/kg, respectively, which, 20 min after application, caused a mean pain suppression of 95% using ASA and 80% using SA. Half-maximal effects were achieved using 3 g/kg ASA or 15 g/kg SA. The SA action was also clearly slower to develop. With an increased flow of the acidic buffer, producing lower effective tissue pH and more intense pain, the effect of ASA and SA decreased to 73% pain suppression. A competitive mechanism of both drug effects was suggested by the fact that, with 15 g/kg ASA and SA, pain reduction could be reversed by increasing the buffer flow by a factor of 1.75, on average. Commercial ibuprofen (50 g/kg) and benzocain creams (100 g/kg) were comparably as effective as ASA and SA, but the local anesthetic caused a loss of all cutaneous sensations while the touch threshold (von Frey) under the specific analgesics was the same as under the placebo ointment. Thus, topical applications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) dissolved in different ointment formulations have proven dose-dependently effective and specific in suppressing experimental acidotic pain by a local and competitive mechanism.

Influence of salicylic acid pretreatment on seeds germination and some defence mechanisms of Zea mays plants under copper stress.

PubMed

Moravcová, Šárka; Tůma, Jiří; Dučaiová, Zuzana Kovalíková; Waligórski, Piotr; Kula, Monika; Saja, Diana; Słomka, Aneta; Bąba, Wojciech; Libik-Konieczny, Marta

2018-01-01

The study was focused on the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on maize seeds germination and on some physiological and biochemical processes in maize plants growing in the hydroponic culture under copper (Cu) stress. A significant influence of SA pretreatment on the advanced induction of the maize seeds metabolic activity and the level of the endogenous SA in germinated seeds and developing roots have been stated. Although, the ability of maize seeds to uptake SA and accumulate it in the germinated roots was confirmed, the growth inhibition of Cu-stressed maize seedlings was not ameliorated by SA seeds pretreatment. Cu-stressed plants exhibited a decrease in the photosynthetic pigment concentration and the increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) - an indicator of an excess energy in PSII antenna assemblies lost as a heat. The amelioration effect of SA application was found only for carotenoids content which increased in stressed plants. It was also shown that maize roots growing in stress conditions significantly differed in the chemical composition in comparison to the roots of control plants, but the SA pretreatment did not affect these differences. On the other hand, it was found that SA seed pretreatment significantly influenced the ability of stressed plants to accumulate copper in the roots. It was stated that a higher level of exogenous SA application led to a lower accumulation of Cu ions in maize roots. Cu-stressed plants exhibited higher oxidative stress in roots than in leaves which was manifested as an increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide due to stress factor application. We observed an increase in catalase (CAT) activity in leaves of Cu-stressed plants which corresponded with a lower H 2 O 2 content when compared with roots where the hydrogen peroxide level was higher, and the inhibition of the CAT activity was found. Furthermore, we found that the SA seed pretreatment led to a decrease in the H 2 O 2 content in the roots of the Cu-stressed plants, but it did not influence the H 2 O 2 level in leaves. The increase in hydrogen peroxide content in the roots of Cu-stressed plants correlated with a higher activity of the MnSODI and MnSODII isoforms. It was found that SA pretreatment caused a decrease in MnSODII activity accompanied by the decrease in H 2 O 2 concentration. Achieved results indicated also that the changes in the chemical composition of the root tissue under copper stress constituted protection mechanisms of blocking copper flow into other plant organs. However, it might be assumed that the root tissue remodelling under Cu stress did not only prevent against the Cu ions uptake but also limited the absorption of minerals required for the normal growth leading to the inhibition of the plant development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Applying spatial analysis tools in public health: an example using SaTScan to detect geographic targets for colorectal cancer screening interventions.

PubMed

Sherman, Recinda L; Henry, Kevin A; Tannenbaum, Stacey L; Feaster, Daniel J; Kobetz, Erin; Lee, David J

2014-03-20

Epidemiologists are gradually incorporating spatial analysis into health-related research as geocoded cases of disease become widely available and health-focused geospatial computer applications are developed. One health-focused application of spatial analysis is cluster detection. Using cluster detection to identify geographic areas with high-risk populations and then screening those populations for disease can improve cancer control. SaTScan is a free cluster-detection software application used by epidemiologists around the world to describe spatial clusters of infectious and chronic disease, as well as disease vectors and risk factors. The objectives of this article are to describe how spatial analysis can be used in cancer control to detect geographic areas in need of colorectal cancer screening intervention, identify issues commonly encountered by SaTScan users, detail how to select the appropriate methods for using SaTScan, and explain how method selection can affect results. As an example, we used various methods to detect areas in Florida where the population is at high risk for late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer. We found that much of our analysis was underpowered and that no single method detected all clusters of statistical or public health significance. However, all methods detected 1 area as high risk; this area is potentially a priority area for a screening intervention. Cluster detection can be incorporated into routine public health operations, but the challenge is to identify areas in which the burden of disease can be alleviated through public health intervention. Reliance on SaTScan's default settings does not always produce pertinent results.

A protective role for nitric oxide and salicylic acid for arsenite phytotoxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

PubMed

Singh, Amit Pal; Dixit, Garima; Kumar, Amit; Mishra, Seema; Kumar, Navin; Dixit, Sameer; Singh, Pradyumna Kumar; Dwivedi, Sanjay; Trivedi, Prabodh Kumar; Pandey, Vivek; Dhankher, Om Prakash; Norton, Gareth J; Chakrabarty, Debasis; Tripathi, Rudra Deo

2017-06-01

Nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA) are important signaling molecules in plant system. In the present study both NO and SA showed a protective role against arsenite (As III ) stress in rice plants when supplied exogenously. The application of NO and SA alleviated the negative impact of As III on plant growth. Nitric oxide supplementation to As III treated plants greatly decreased arsenic (As) accumulation in the roots as well as shoots/roots translocation factor. Arsenite exposure in plants decreased the endogenous levels of NO and SA. Exogenous supplementation of SA not only enhanced endogenous level of SA but also the level of NO through enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity, whether As III was present or not. Exogenously supplied NO decreased the NR activity and level of endogenous NO. Arsenic accumulation was positively correlated with the expression level of OsLsi1, a transporter responsible for As III uptake. The endogenous level of NO and SA were positively correlated to each other either when As III was present or not. This close relationship indicates that NO and SA work in harmony to modulate the signaling response in As III stressed plants. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Salicylic acid interferes with GFP fluorescence in vivo

PubMed Central

de Jonge, Jennifer; Hofius, Daniel

2017-01-01

Abstract Fluorescent proteins have become essential tools for cell biologists. They are routinely used by plant biologists for protein and promoter fusions to infer protein localization, tissue‐specific expression and protein abundance. When studying the effects of biotic stress on chromatin, we unexpectedly observed a decrease in GFP signal intensity upon salicylic acid (SA) treatment in Arabidopsis lines expressing histone H1-GFP fusions. This GFP signal decrease was dependent on SA concentration. The effect was not specific to the linker histone H1-GFP fusion but was also observed for the nucleosomal histone H2A-GFP fusion. This result prompted us to investigate a collection of fusion proteins, which included different promoters, subcellular localizations and fluorophores. In all cases, fluorescence signals declined strongly or disappeared after SA application. No changes were detected in GFP‐fusion protein abundance when fluorescence signals were lost indicating that SA does not interfere with protein stability but GFP fluorescence. In vitro experiments showed that SA caused GFP fluorescence reduction only in vivo but not in vitro, suggesting that SA requires cellular components to cause fluorescence reduction. Together, we conclude that SA can interfere with the fluorescence of various GFP‐derived reporter constructs in vivo. Assays that measure relocation or turnover of GFP‐tagged proteins upon SA treatment should therefore be evaluated with caution. PMID:28369601

Jasmonic and salicylic acid response in the fern Azolla filiculoides and its cyanobiont.

PubMed

de Vries, Sophie; de Vries, Jan; Teschke, Hendrik; von Dahlen, Janina K; Rose, Laura E; Gould, Sven B

2018-01-03

Plants sense and respond to microbes utilizing a multilayered signalling cascade. In seed plants, the phytohormones jasmonic and salicylic acid (JA and SA) are key denominators of how plants respond to certain microbes. Their interplay is especially well-known for tipping the scales in plants' strategies of dealing with phytopathogens. In non-angiosperm lineages, the interplay is less well understood, but current data indicate that it is intertwined to a lesser extent and the canonical JA/SA antagonism appears to be absent. Here, we used the water fern Azolla filiculoides to gain insights into the fern's JA/SA signalling and the molecular communication with its unique nitrogen fixing cyanobiont Nostoc azollae, which the fern inherits both during sexual and vegetative reproduction. By mining large-scale sequencing data, we demonstrate that Azolla has most of the genetic repertoire to produce and sense JA and SA. Using qRT-PCR on the identified biosynthesis and signalling marker genes, we show that Azolla is responsive to exogenously applied SA. Furthermore, exogenous SA application influenced the abundance and gene expression of Azolla's cyanobiont. Our data provide a framework for JA/SA signalling in ferns and suggest that SA might be involved in Azolla's communication with its vertically inherited cyanobiont. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Experimental Study of Fouling Behavior of Main Substances (BSA, HA, SA) of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Dead-end Membrane Filtration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yongjun; Zhu, Kexin; Khan, Bushra; Du, Xinpei; Hou, Lei; Zhao, Shuang; Li, Ping; Liu, Songbai; Song, Peng; Zhang, Hong; Jiang, Shuihong; Wang, Zhan; Zha, Shenghua

2018-01-01

In this study, the fouling behavior of PES ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with different DOM fractions including bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium alginate (SA) and humic acid (HA) was systematically investigated. The result showed that the fouling mechanism of HA was cake formation while that of BSA and SA was caused by both pore blocking and cake formation due to the different particle size. Moreover, membrane fouling became more severe with the increase of feed concentration and TMP and it could be accurately described by the cake-complete model. The pore blocking resistance for SA was larger than that for BSA, whereas the cake resistance followed the sequence SA>BSA>HA. This observation offered insight into the differences in fouling behavior of the various DOM components and was further used as guidance for practical application.

Postharvest salicylic acid treatment reduces storage rots in water-stressed but no unstressed sugarbeet roots

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) reduces storage rots in a number of postharvest crops. SA’s ability to protect sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproots from common storage rot pathogens, however, is unknown. To determine the potential of SA to reduce storage losses caused by three common...

The Shock and Vibration Digest, Volume 17, Number 11

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Jiang, C., and Chia , 1983). C.Y., "Dynamic and Static Nonlinear Analy- .sis of Cylindrically Orthotropic Circular 122. Nowinski, J.L., "On the...Rectilinearly Orthotropic Disk," Intl. J. (1984). Mech. Sci., j2 (3), pp 191-198 (1983). 132. Sathyamootthy, M. and Chia , C.Y., 123. Sathyamoorthy, M...34Geometrically Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Laminated Composite 139. Chia , C.Y., "Large Amplitude Vibra- Plates," AIAA J., 21 (4), pp 621-629 (Apr tions of

Building Partner Capacity/Security Force Assistance: A New Structural Paradigm

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-25

strategies to build partnership for NGO & Intl resources 10) Identify lessons learned & integrate into ops 6) Coordinate R& S with Coalition, IO, NGO, PVO...valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 15 MAR 2008 2. REPORT TYPE Strategy Research Project 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2007 to 00-00-2008 4...ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Scott Wuestner 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 15, Number 6

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

Numer . Methods Engrg., 14. pp 1813-1850 (1979). 90. Dinis, L.M.S., Martins, R.A.F., and Owen, D.R.J., "Material and Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis ... Numerical Results," J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 47, pp 133-138 (1980). 145. Sathyamoorthy, M. and Prasad, M.E., Mul- tiple-Mode Nonlinear Analysis of...Andersen, CM., "Two-Stage Rayleigh-Ritz Technique for Non- linear Analysis of Structures," Proc. 2nd Intl. Symp. Innovative Numer . Anal. Appl. Engrg

Analysis of a Rapidly Solidified High-Phosphorus Austenitic Steel Containing an Amorphous Phase.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

electrodeposited nickel by a combination of Jet electro- polishing and ion-beam milling. Specimens were observed in a Vacuum Generators HB-5 scanning...the cell walls in these powders is one of suppressed crystal growth rather than nucleation , since the glass is formed in direct contact with the...Cohen, this Symposium. 5. T. F. Kelly, Ph.D. Thesis , MIT, February 1982. 6. C. V. Thompson, A. L. Greer, and A. J. Drehman, Proc. 4th Intl. Conf

Stochastic Models for Closed Boundary Analysis: Part I. Representation and Reconstruction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

discussed. In a subsequent paper we will consider the classification problem. C> * School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN...1972. 2. T. S. Huang, "Coding of Two Tone Images," TR EE 77-10, School of Elec. Engr., Purdue University, W. Lafeyette, IN 47907. 3. A. Oosterlink, A...Jan. 1977. 5. A. Ambler et al., "A Versatile computer controlled assembly system," Third Intl. Conf. on Art . Intel., 1973, pp. 298-303. 6. C. Rosen

Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals. Volume 42, Number 3, July-September 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

Jane’s Information national Media Corp., Suite 307, 110 N. Royal Group Inc. 1340 Braddock Place, Suite 300, St., Alexandria, VA 22314. Alexandria, VA...22314-1651. Intl Def Ry--International Defense Review (m) Def ELect--Defense Electronics (m) No price $108.00. Jane’s Informition Group , Sentinel given...St, Alexandria, VA 22314-1696. Defense (bim) No price given. American J of Soviet Nil Studies --Journal of Soviet Forces Information Service, 601 N

Proceeding of the 18th Intl. Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-18)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reinhold, Carlos O; Krstic, Predrag S; Meyer, Fred W

2011-01-01

The main topics of this proceedings were: (1) Energy loss of particles at surfaces; (2) Scattering of atoms, ions, molecules and clusters; (3) Charge exchange between particles and surfaces; (4) Ion induced desorption, electronic and kinetic sputtering; (5) Defect formation, surface modification and nanostructuring; (6) Electron, photon and secondary ion emission due to particle impact on surfaces; (7) Sputtering, fragmentation, cluster and ion formation in SIMS and SNMS; (8) Cluster/molecular and highly charged ion beams; and (9) Laser induced desorption.

A Comparison of the Plastic Flow Response of a Powder Metallurgy Nickel Base Superalloy (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-01

average diameter of 315 nm. The c¢-solvus tempera- ture, Tc0 , was 1430 K (1157 C). As determined by a series of long- time heat treatments followed...obtained in a mode of simple shear via the torsion of tubular samples. Similar in design to that employed by various researchers in the 1980s,[28,29] the...INTL (STINFO COPY) AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OH 45433-7750 AIR

Solid State Research, 1980:3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-15

wafers. The amount of overgrowth is dependent on the orientation of the silicon substrate and the thick- ness of the SiO 2 layer. V. ANALOG DEVICE...Moulton XI Intl. Quantum Electronics Metal-Doped Lasers A. Mooradian Conference, Boston, Z3-26 June 1980 5Z45 Temperature- Dependent Spectral D.J...High Tempera- C. 0. Bozler 24-27 June 1980 ture Anneal 5327 Growth-Temperature Dependence Z. L. Liau of LPE GaInAsP/lnP Lattice J. J. Hsieh Mismatch

A Simple Hierarchical Pooling Data Structure for Loop Closure

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-16

ticated agglomerative schemes at a fraction of the effort. 1.1 Related work Loop closure is a key component in robotic mapping (SLAM) [37], autonomous...appearance-only slam-fab-map 2.0. In: Robotics : Science and Systems. vol. 5. Seattle, USA (2009) 7. Dong, J., Soatto, S.: Domain size pooling in local...detection with bags of binary words. In: Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conf. on. pp. 51–58. IEEE (2011) 9. Geiger, A

Effects of silica–gentamicin nanohybrids on osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells

PubMed Central

He, Wei; Mosselhy, Dina A; Li, Xiaoning; Yang, Xing; Yue, Lina; Hannula, Simo-Pekka

2018-01-01

Introduction In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems. This interest is mainly attributed to the ease of their surface functionalization for drug loading. In orthopedic applications, gentamicin-loaded SiO2 NPs (nanohybrids) are frequently utilized for their prolonged antibacterial effects. Therefore, the possible adverse effects of SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids on osteogenesis of bone-related cells should be thoroughly investigated to ensure safe applications. Materials and methods The effects of SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids on the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells were investigated, together with native SiO2 NPs and free gentamicin. Results The results of Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay show that both SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids and native SiO2 NPs reduce cell viability of SaOS-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Regarding osteogenesis, SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids and native SiO2 NPs at the concentration range of 31.25–125 μg/mL do not influence the osteogenic differentiation capacity of SaOS-2 cells. At a high concentration (250 μg/mL), both materials induce a lower expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) but an enhanced mineralization. Free gentamicin at concentrations of 6.26 and 9.65 μg/mL does not significantly influence the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation capacity of SaOS-2 cells. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that both SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids and SiO2 NPs show cytotoxic effects to SaOS-2 cells. Further investigation on the effects of SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids on the behaviors of stem cells or other regular osteoblasts should be conducted to make a full evaluation of the safety of SiO2–gentamicin nanohybrids in orthopedic applications. PMID:29445277

Combined effect of CO2 enrichment and foliar application of salicylic acid on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from ginger

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration caused by climate change and agricultural practices is likely to affect biota by producing changes in plant growth, allocation and chemical composition. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA, at two levels: 0 and 10-3 M) and CO2 enrichment (at two levels: 400 and 800 μmol·mol−1) on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from two Malaysian ginger varieties, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry was employed to identify and quantify the flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ginger extracts. The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The substrate specificity of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis, was investigated using the chalcone synthase (CHS) assay. Results CO2 levels of 800 μmol·mol−1 significantly increased anthocyanin, rutin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin, fisetin and morin contents in ginger leaves. Meanwhile, the combined effect of SA and CO2 enrichment enhanced anthocyanin and flavonoid production compared with single treatment effects. High anthocyanin content was observed in H Bara leaves treated with elevated CO2 and SA. The highest chalcone synthase (CHS) activity was observed in plants treated with SA and CO2 enrichment. Plants not treated with SA and kept under ambient CO2 conditions showed the lowest CHS activity. The highest free radical scavenging activity corresponded to H Bara treated with SA under high CO2 conditions, while the lowest activity corresponded to H Bentong without SA treatment and under atmospheric CO2 levels. As the level of CO2 increased, the DPPH activity increased. Higher TBA activity was also recorded in the extracts of H Bara treated with SA and grown under high CO2 conditions. Conclusions The biological activities of both ginger varieties were enhanced when the plants were treated with SA and grown under elevated CO2 concentration. The increase in the production of anthocyanin and flavonoids in plants treated with SA could be attributed to the increase in CHS activity under high CO2 levels. PMID:23176249

Combined effect of CO(2) enrichment and foliar application of salicylic acid on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from ginger.

PubMed

Ghasemzadeh, Ali; Jaafar, Hawa Ze; Karimi, Ehsan; Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz

2012-11-23

The increase in atmospheric CO(2) concentration caused by climate change and agricultural practices is likely to affect biota by producing changes in plant growth, allocation and chemical composition. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA, at two levels: 0 and 10-3 M) and CO(2) enrichment (at two levels: 400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from two Malaysian ginger varieties, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry was employed to identify and quantify the flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ginger extracts. The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The substrate specificity of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis, was investigated using the chalcone synthase (CHS) assay. CO(2) levels of 800 μmol·mol-1 significantly increased anthocyanin, rutin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin, fisetin and morin contents in ginger leaves. Meanwhile, the combined effect of SA and CO(2) enrichment enhanced anthocyanin and flavonoid production compared with single treatment effects. High anthocyanin content was observed in H Bara leaves treated with elevated CO(2) and SA. The highest chalcone synthase (CHS) activity was observed in plants treated with SA and CO(2) enrichment. Plants not treated with SA and kept under ambient CO(2) conditions showed the lowest CHS activity. The highest free radical scavenging activity corresponded to H Bara treated with SA under high CO(2) conditions, while the lowest activity corresponded to H Bentong without SA treatment and under atmospheric CO(2) levels. As the level of CO(2) increased, the DPPH activity increased. Higher TBA activity was also recorded in the extracts of H Bara treated with SA and grown under high CO(2) conditions. The biological activities of both ginger varieties were enhanced when the plants were treated with SA and grown under elevated CO(2) concentration. The increase in the production of anthocyanin and flavonoids in plants treated with SA could be attributed to the increase in CHS activity under high CO(2) levels.

Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Early and Late Responses to Salicylic Acid in Cucumber Leaves

PubMed Central

Li, Liang; Shang, Qing-Mao

2016-01-01

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays vital regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, studies on the molecular mechanism of SA, especially during the early SA responses, are lagging behind. In this study, we initiated a comprehensive isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis to explore the early and late SA-responsive proteins in leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Upon SA application through the roots, endogenous SA accumulated in cucumber leaves. By assaying the changes in marker gene expression and photosynthetic rate, we collected samples at 12 h and 72 h post treatment (hpt) to profile the early and late SA responsiveness, respectively. The iTRAQ assay followed by tandem mass spectrometry revealed 135 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 12 hpt and 301 DEPs at 72 hpt. The functional categories for these SA-responsive proteins included in a variety of biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, transport, protein folding and modification, proteolysis, cell wall organization, and the secondary phenylpropanoid pathway. Conclusively, based on the abundant changes of these DEPs, together with their putative functions, we proposed a possible SA-responsive protein network. It appears that SA could elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via enhancing the photosynthetic electron transferring, and then confer some growth-promoting and stress-priming effects on cells during the late phase, including enhanced photosynthesis and ROS scavenging, altered carbon metabolic flux for the biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleotides, and cell wall reorganization. Overall, the present iTRAQ assay provides higher proteome coverage and deepened our understanding of the molecular basis of SA-responses. PMID:27551830

Anti-inflammatory effects of sodium alginate/gelatine porous scaffolds merged with fucoidan in murine microglial BV2 cells.

PubMed

Nguyen, Van-Tinh; Ko, Seok-Chun; Oh, Gun-Woo; Heo, Seong-Yeong; Jeon, You-Jin; Park, Won Sun; Choi, Il-Whan; Choi, Sung-Wook; Jung, Won-Kyo

2016-12-01

Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Overexpression of inflammatory mediators by microglia can induce several neurological diseases. Thus, the underlying basic requirement for neural tissue engineering is to develop materials that exhibit little or no neuro-inflammatory effects. In this study, we have developed a method to create porous scaffolds by adding fucoidan (Fu) into porous sodium alginate (Sa)/gelatine (G) (SaGFu). For mechanical characterization, in vitro degradation, stress/strain, swelling, and pore size were measured. Furthermore, the biocompatibility was evaluated by assessing the adhesion and proliferation of BV2 microglial cells on the SaGFu porous scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, respectively. Moreover, we studied the neuro-inflammatory effects of SaGFu on BV2 microglial cells. The effect of gelatine and fucoidan content on the various properties of the scaffold was investigated and the results showed that mechanical properties increased porosity and swelling ratio with an increase in the gelatine and fucoidan, while the in vitro biodegradability decreased. The average SaGFu diameter attained by fabrication of SaGFu ranged from 60 to 120μm with high porosity (74.44%-88.30%). Cell culture using gelatine 2.0% (SaG2Fu) and 4.0% (SaG4Fu), showed good cell proliferation; more than 60-80% that with Sa alone. Following stimulation with 0.5μg/mL LPS, microglia cultured in porous SaGFu decreased their expression of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). SaG2Fu and SaG4Fu also inhibited the activation and translocation of p65 NF-κB protein levels, resulting in reduction of NO, ROS, and PGE2 production. These results provide insights into the diverse biological effects and opens new avenues for the applications of SaGFu in neuroscience. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid modulates arsenic toxicity by reducing its root to shoot translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

PubMed Central

Singh, Amit P.; Dixit, Garima; Mishra, Seema; Dwivedi, Sanjay; Tiwari, Manish; Mallick, Shekhar; Pandey, Vivek; Trivedi, Prabodh K.; Chakrabarty, Debasis; Tripathi, Rudra D.

2015-01-01

Arsenic (As) is posing serious health concerns in South East Asia where rice, an efficient accumulator of As, is prominent crop. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule and plays a crucial role in resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. In present study, ameliorative effect of SA against arsenate (AsV) toxicity has been investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Arsenate stress hampered the plant growth in terms of root, shoots length, and biomass as well as it enhanced the level of H2O2 and MDA in dose dependent manner in shoot. Exogenous application of SA, reverted the growth, and oxidative stress caused by AsV and significantly decreased As translocation to the shoots. Level of As in shoot was positively correlated with the expression of OsLsi2, efflux transporter responsible for root to shoot translocation of As in the form of arsenite (AsIII). SA also overcame AsV induced oxidative stress and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes in a differential manner in shoots. As treatment hampered the translocation of Fe in the shoot which was compensated by the SA treatment. The level of Fe in root and shoot was positively correlated with the transcript level of transporters responsible for the accumulation of Fe, OsNRAMP5, and OsFRDL1, in the root and shoot, respectively. Co-application of SA was more effective than pre-treatment for reducing As accumulation as well as imposed toxicity. PMID:26042132

Is Greulich and Pyle standards of skeletal maturation applicable for age estimation in South Indian Andhra children?

PubMed

Mohammed, Rezwana Begum; Rao, Dola Srinivasa; Goud, Alampur Srinivas; Sailaja, S; Thetay, Anshuj Ajay Rao; Gopalakrishnan, Meera

2015-01-01

Now-a-day age determination has gained importance for various forensic and legal reasons. Skeletal age (SA) of a test population can be estimated by comparing with established standards of Greulich and Pyle (G-P). As this atlas has been prepared using data from upper-class children born between 1917 and 1942 in the USA and the applicability of these standards to contemporary populations has yet to be tested on Andhra children living in India. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the reliability of bone age calculated by G-P atlas in estimation of age in selected population. A total of 660 children (330 girls, 330 boys) between ages 9 and 20 years were randomly selected from outpatient Department of Oral Medicine in GITAM Dental College, Andhra Pradesh. Digital hand-wrist radiographs were obtained and assessed for SA using G-P atlas and the difference between estimated SA and chronological age (CA) were compared with paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. G-P method underestimated the SA by 0.23 ± 1.53 years for boys and overestimated SA by 0.02 ± 2 years in girls and mild underestimation was noted in the total sample of about 0.1 ± 1.78 years. Spearman rank test showed significant correlation between SA and CA (r = 0.86; P < 0.001). This study concluded that G-P standards were reliable in assessing age in South Indian Andhra children of age 9-20 years with unknown CA.

Collagen-alginate as bioink for three-dimensional (3D) cell printing based cartilage tissue engineering.

PubMed

Yang, Xingchen; Lu, Zhenhui; Wu, Huayu; Li, Wei; Zheng, Li; Zhao, Jinmin

2018-02-01

Articular cartilage repair is still a huge challenge for researchers and clinicians. 3D bioprinting could be an innovative technology for cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we used collagen type I (COL) or agarose (AG) mixed with sodium alginate (SA) to serve as 3D bioprinting bioinks and incorporated chondrocytes to construct in vitro 3D printed cartilage tissue. Swelling ratio, mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cell viability and cytoskeleton, biochemistry analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to investigate the function of different bioinks in 3D printing cartilage tissue engineering applications. The results showed that the mechanical strength was improved in both SA/COL and SA/AG groups compared to SA alone. Besides, the addition of COL or AG has little impact on gelling behavior, demonstrating the advantage as bioinks for 3D printing. Among the three scaffolds, SA/COL could distinctly facilitated cell adhesion, accelerated cell proliferation and enhanced the expression of cartilage specific genes such as Acan, Col2al and Sox9 than the other two groups. Lower expression of Col1a1, the fibrocartilage marker, was present in SA/COL group than that in both of SA and SA/AG groups. The results indicated that SA/COL effectively suppressed dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and preserved the phenotype. In summary, 3D bioprinted SA/COL with favorable mechanical strength and biological functionality is promising in cartilage tissue engineering. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Modified screening and ranking algorithm for copy number variation detection.

PubMed

Xiao, Feifei; Min, Xiaoyi; Zhang, Heping

2015-05-01

Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of structural variation, usually defined as genomic segments that are 1 kb or larger, which present variable copy numbers when compared with a reference genome. The screening and ranking algorithm (SaRa) was recently proposed as an efficient approach for multiple change-points detection, which can be applied to CNV detection. However, some practical issues arise from application of SaRa to single nucleotide polymorphism data. In this study, we propose a modified SaRa on CNV detection to address these issues. First, we use the quantile normalization on the original intensities to guarantee that the normal mean model-based SaRa is a robust method. Second, a novel normal mixture model coupled with a modified Bayesian information criterion is proposed for candidate change-point selection and further clustering the potential CNV segments to copy number states. Simulations revealed that the modified SaRa became a robust method for identifying change-points and achieved better performance than the circular binary segmentation (CBS) method. By applying the modified SaRa to real data from the HapMap project, we illustrated its performance on detecting CNV segments. In conclusion, our modified SaRa method improves SaRa theoretically and numerically, for identifying CNVs with high-throughput genotyping data. The modSaRa package is implemented in R program and freely available at http://c2s2.yale.edu/software/modSaRa. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Carbon source and energy harvesting optimization in solid anolyte microbial fuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adekunle, Ademola; Raghavan, Vijaya; Tartakovsky, Boris

2017-07-01

This work investigates the application of a solid anolyte microbial fuel cell (saMFC) as a long-lasting source of electricity for powering electronic devices. Broadly available biodegradable materials such as humus, cattle manure, peat moss, and sawdust are evaluated as solid anolytes. The initial comparison shows significantly higher power production in the saMFC operated using humus as compared to other solid anolytes. At the same time, power production in the humus-based saMFC is found to decline after about 40 days of operation, while the sawdust MFC demonstrates stable performance over the test period. Following this initial comparison, a combined humus - sawdust anolyte is developed to increase saMFC life span. The optimized saMFC demonstrates stable power production for over nine months. Furthermore, power production in the saMFC is maximized by using an intermittent connection to an electrical load (on/off operation) and optimizing the connection/disconnection times. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing solid anolytes for developing inexpensive and long-lasting biobatteries operated on renewable carbon sources.

An Approach to the Application of Life Cycle Cost Concept in Weapon Systems Acquisition for the Venezuelan Navy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

resources such as buildings or land, or such intangible costs as departure from a strong precedent), especially where they differ between alternatives...1010 Venezuela S.A. 9. Jefatura de Logistics 4 * Comandancia Gereral de la 1arina Caracas 1010 Venezuela S.A. 10. Jefatura de Educacion 2 * Comandancia

Two-dimensional systolic-array architecture for pixel-level vision tasks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vijverberg, Julien A.; de With, Peter H. N.

2010-05-01

This paper presents ongoing work on the design of a two-dimensional (2D) systolic array for image processing. This component is designed to operate on a multi-processor system-on-chip. In contrast with other 2D systolic-array architectures and many other hardware accelerators, we investigate the applicability of executing multiple tasks in a time-interleaved fashion on the Systolic Array (SA). This leads to a lower external memory bandwidth and better load balancing of the tasks on the different processing tiles. To enable the interleaving of tasks, we add a shadow-state register for fast task switching. To reduce the number of accesses to the external memory, we propose to share the communication assist between consecutive tasks. A preliminary, non-functional version of the SA has been synthesized for an XV4S25 FPGA device and yields a maximum clock frequency of 150 MHz requiring 1,447 slices and 5 memory blocks. Mapping tasks from video content-analysis applications from literature on the SA yields reductions in the execution time of 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to the software implementation. We conclude that the choice for an SA architecture is useful, but a scaled version of the SA featuring less logic with fewer processing and pipeline stages yielding a lower clock frequency, would be sufficient for a video analysis system-on-chip.

Acceleration of the herbicide isoproturon degradation in wheat by glycosyltransferases and salicylic acid.

PubMed

Lu, Yi Chen; Zhang, Shuang; Yang, Hong

2015-01-01

Isoproturon (IPU) is a herbicide widely used to prevent weeds in cereal production. Due to its extensive use in agriculture, residues of IPU are often detected in soils and crops. Overload of IPU to crops is associated with human health risks. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an approach to mitigate its accumulation in crops. In this study, the IPU residues and its degradation products in wheat were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography-time of fight tandem-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS). Most detected IPU-derivatives were sugar-conjugated. Degradation and glycosylation of IPU-derivatives could be enhanced by applying salicylic acid (SA). While more sugar-conjugated IPU-derivatives were identified in wheat with SA application, lower levels of IPU were detected, indicating that SA is able to accelerate intracellular IPU catabolism. All structures of IPU-derivatives and sugar-conjugated products were characterized. Comparative data were provided with specific activities and gene expression of certain glucosyltransferases. A pathway with IPU degradation and glucosylation was discussed. Our work indicates that SA-accelerated degradation is practically useful for wheat crops growing in IPU-contaminated soils because such crops with SA application can potentially lower or minimize IPU accumulation in levels below the threshold for adverse effects. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of Organic Acids in Hand Cleansers for Prevention of Rhinovirus Infections

PubMed Central

Turner, Ronald B.; Biedermann, Kim A.; Morgan, Jeffery M.; Keswick, Bruce; Ertel, Keith D.; Barker, Mark F.

2004-01-01

Direct hand-to-hand contact is an important mechanism of transmission of rhinovirus infection. The rhinoviruses are inactivated at a low pH. A survey of organic acids in vitro revealed that these compounds have antirhinoviral activity that persists for at least 3 h after application to the skin. In additional studies of salicylic acid (SA) and pyroglutamic acid (PGA), the hands of volunteers were contaminated with rhinovirus at defined times after application of the acid, and then volunteers attempted to inoculate the nasal mucosa with one hand and quantitative viral cultures were done on the other hand. In one study, 3.5% SA or 1% SA with 3.5% PGA was compared with controls 15 min after application to assess the efficacy of the inactivation of virus and prevention of infection. Virus was recovered from the hands of 28 out of 31 (90%) of the volunteers in the control group compared to 4 out of 27 (15%) and 0 out of 27 in the groups administered 3.5 and 1% SA, respectively (P < 0.05). Rhinovirus infection occurred in 10 out of 31 (32%) of the controls and 2 out of 27 (7%) of volunteers in both treatment groups (P < 0.05 compared with control). In a second study, the efficacy of 4% PGA was evaluated 15 min, 1 h, and 3 h after application. Significantly fewer volunteers had positive hand cultures at all time points compared with the control group, but the proportion that developed rhinovirus infection was not significantly reduced. These results suggest the feasibility of the prevention of rhinovirus transmission by hand treatments that are virucidal on contact and have activity that persists after application. PMID:15215114

Development of MTL-CEBPA: Small Activating RNA Drug for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

PubMed

Setten, Ryan L; Lightfoot, Helen L; Habib, Nagy A; Rossi, John J

2018-06-10

Oligonucleotide drug development has revolutionised the drug discovery field allowing the notoriously "undruggable" genome to potentially become "druggable". Within this field, 'small' or 'short' activating RNAs (saRNA) are a more recently discovered category of short double stranded RNA with clinical potential. SaRNAs promote endogenous transcription from target loci, a phenomenon widely observed in mammals known as RNA activation (RNAa). The ability to target a particular gene is dependent on the sequence of the saRNA. Hence, the potential clinical application of saRNA is to increase target gene expression in a sequence specific manner. SaRNA based oligonucleotide therapeutics present great promise in expanding the "druggable" genome with particular areas of interest including transcription factor activation and haploinsufficency. Review and Conclusion: In this mini-review, we describe the pre-clinical development of the first saRNA drug to enter the clinic. This saRNA, referred to as MTL-CEBPA, induces transcription of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα), a tumour suppressor and critical regulator of hepatocyte function. MTL-CEBPA is presently in Phase I clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical development of MTL-CEBPA will demonstrate "proof of concept", showing that saRNAs can provide the basis for drugs which enhance targeted gene expression and consequently improve disease outcome in patients. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Rhelogical and antibacterial performance of sodium alginate/zinc oxide composite coating for cellulosic paper.

PubMed

Wu, Wei; Liu, Tao; He, Haibing; Wu, Xihu; Cao, Xianwu; Jin, Jia; Sun, Qijun; Roy, Vellaisamy A L; Li, Robert K Y

2018-07-01

Coating of antibacterial layer on the surface of cellulosic paper has numerous potential applications. In the present work, sodium alginate (SA) served as a binder to disperse Zn 2+ and the prepared zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were used as antibacterial agents. The rheology test revealed that there were cross-linking between Zn 2+ and SA molecular chains in the aqueous solution, resulting in the viscosity of ZnO/SA composite coating increased in the low shear rate region and decreased in the high shear rate region as compared with pure SA. SEM and EDS mapping images showed that the ZnO particles were prepared successfully at 120 °C and dispersed homogeneously on the surface of cellulose fibers and the pores of cellulosic papers. The thermal stabilities of the coated papers decreased as compared to the original blank cellulosic paper, which was ascribed to the low thermal stability of SA and the catalytic effect of ZnO on SA. The tensile stress and Young's modulus of ZnO/SA composite coated paper increased up 39.5% and 30.7%, respectively, as compared with those of blank cellulosic paper. The antibacterial activity tests indicated that the ZnO/SA composite coating endowed the cellulosic paper with effectively growth inhibition of both Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria S. aureu. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Salicylic acid interferes with GFP fluorescence in vivo.

PubMed

de Jonge, Jennifer; Hofius, Daniel; Hennig, Lars

2017-03-01

Fluorescent proteins have become essential tools for cell biologists. They are routinely used by plant biologists for protein and promoter fusions to infer protein localization, tissue-specific expression and protein abundance. When studying the effects of biotic stress on chromatin, we unexpectedly observed a decrease in GFP signal intensity upon salicylic acid (SA) treatment in Arabidopsis lines expressing histone H1-GFP fusions. This GFP signal decrease was dependent on SA concentration. The effect was not specific to the linker histone H1-GFP fusion but was also observed for the nucleosomal histone H2A-GFP fusion. This result prompted us to investigate a collection of fusion proteins, which included different promoters, subcellular localizations and fluorophores. In all cases, fluorescence signals declined strongly or disappeared after SA application. No changes were detected in GFP-fusion protein abundance when fluorescence signals were lost indicating that SA does not interfere with protein stability but GFP fluorescence. In vitro experiments showed that SA caused GFP fluorescence reduction only in vivo but not in vitro, suggesting that SA requires cellular components to cause fluorescence reduction. Together, we conclude that SA can interfere with the fluorescence of various GFP-derived reporter constructs in vivo. Assays that measure relocation or turnover of GFP-tagged proteins upon SA treatment should therefore be evaluated with caution. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Sialic acid (SA)-modified selenium nanoparticles coated with a high blood-brain barrier permeability peptide-B6 peptide for potential use in Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Yin, Tiantian; Yang, Licong; Liu, Yanan; Zhou, Xianbo; Sun, Jing; Liu, Jie

2015-10-01

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable gatekeeper toward exogenous substances, playing an important role in brain homeostasis and maintaining a healthy microenvironment for complex neuronal activities. However, it also greatly hinders drug permeability into the brain and limits the management of brain diseases. The development of new drugs that show improved transport across the BBB represents a promising strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) intervention. Whereas, previous study of receptor-mediated endogenous BBB transport systems has focused on a strategy of using transferrin to facilitate brain drug delivery system, a system that still suffers from limitations including synthesis procedure, stability and immunological response. In the present study, we synthetised sialic acid (SA)-modified selenium (Se) nanoparticles conjugated with an alternative peptide-B6 peptide (B6-SA-SeNPs, a synthetic selenoprotein analogue), which shows high permeability across the BBB and has the potential to serve as a novel nanomedicine for disease modification in AD. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry analysis and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy ICP-AES revealed high cellular uptake of B6-SA-SeNPs by cerebral endothelial cells (bEnd.3). The transport efficiency of B6-SA-SeNPs was evaluated in a Transwell experiment based on in vitro BBB model. It provided direct evidence for B6-SA-SeNPs crossing the BBB and being absorbed by PC12 cells. Moreover, inhibitory effects of B6-SA-SeNPs on amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fibrillation could be demonstrated in PC12 cells and bEnd3 cells. B6-SA-SeNPs could not only effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation but could disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils into non-toxic amorphous oligomers. These results suggested that B6-SA-SeNPs may provide a promising platform, particularly for the application of nanoparticles in the treatment of brain diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's most common form of dementia characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Over the past decades, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits access of therapeutic or diagnostic agents into the brain, which greatly hinders the development of new drugs for treating AD. In this work, we evaluated the efficiency of B6-SA-SeNPs across BBB and investigated the interactions between B6-SA-SeNPs and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). We confirm that B6-SA-SeNPs could provide a promising platform because of its high brain delivery efficiency, anti-amyloid properties and anti-oxidant properties, which may serve as a novel nanomedicine for the application in the treatment of brain diseases. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salicylic acid and calcium-induced protection of wheat against salinity.

PubMed

Al-Whaibi, Mohamed H; Siddiqui, Manzer H; Basalah, Mohammed O

2012-07-01

Soil salinity is one of the important environmental factors that produce serious agricultural problems. The objective of the present study was to determine the interactive effect of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium (Ca) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, proline (Pro) concentration, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and activities of antioxidant enzymes of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Samma) under salt stress. Application of 90 mM of NaCl reduced plant growth (plant height, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, CA activity) and enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) and Pro concentration. However, the application of SA or Ca alone as well as in combination markedly improved plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, Pro concentration, CA activity and activities of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) under salt stress. It was, therefore, concluded that application of SA and Ca alone as well as in combination ameliorated the adverse effect of salinity, while combined application proved more effective to reduce the oxidative stress generated by NaCl through reduced MDA accumulation, Chl a/b ratio and Chls degradation and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes.

What's in a Name?FRAMING:Martin-Bradshaw DYSfunctionality = Siegel ``Buzzwordism,Bandwagonism&Sloganeering For: Fun, Profit,Survival,Ego": From SOC to FLT Proof to High-Tc to Spintronics to Giant-Magnetoresistance: Ethics??? SHMETHICS!!! Rampant Sociolog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siegel, Edward

2008-03-01

Buzzwordism,Bandwagonism,Sloganeering for:Fun,Profit,Survival, Ego=ethics DYSunctionality: Digits log-law: Siegel INVERSION: bosons=digits; Excluded d=0? P(0)=oo V P(1)

Digital microfluidics – a new paradigm for radiochemistry

PubMed Central

Keng, Pei Yuin; van Dam, R. Michael

2016-01-01

The emerging technology of digital microfluidics is opening up the possibility to perform radiochemistry at the microliter scale to produce tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) labeled with fluorine-18 or other isotopes. Working at this volume scale not only reduces reagent costs, but also improves specific activity (SA) by reduction of contamination by the stable isotope. This technology could provide a practical means to routinely prepare high SA tracers for applications such as neuroimaging, and could make it possible to routinely achieve high SA using synthesis strategies such as isotopic exchange. Reagent droplets are controlled electronically, providing high reliability, a compact control system, and flexibility for diverse syntheses with a single chip design. The compact size may enable the development of a self-shielded synthesizer that does not require a hot cell. This article reviews the progress of this technology and its application to the synthesis of PET tracers. PMID:26650206

Effects of postharvest salicylic acid dipping on Alternaria rot and disease resistance of jujube fruit during storage.

PubMed

Cao, Jiankang; Yan, Jiaqi; Zhao, Yumei; Jiang, Weibo

2013-10-01

Considerable postharvest losses caused by Alternaria alternata often occur in Chinese jujube fruit, and synthetic fungicides have been widely used to protect the fruit from Alternaria rot. However, the potential harmfulness of fungicide residues to human health and the environment cannot be ignored. This study was conducted to develop an alternative approach for controlling postharvest disease by inducing fruit resistance with salicylic acid (SA) dipping. Disease incidence and lesion area in the jujube fruit inoculated with A. alternata were significantly inhibited by 2 and 2.5 mmol L(-1) SA dipping. Naturally infected decay rate and index in jujubes were also significantly reduced by SA dipping during long-term storage at 0°C. SA enhanced activities of the main defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the fruit during storage. SA strongly decreased catalase activity but increased superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid content in jujubes. The beneficial effects of SA on fruit protection may be due to its ability to activate several highly coordinated defence-related systems in jujubes, instead of its fungicidal activity. The findings indicated that application of SA would offer an alternative approach that helps to control postharvest disease and maintain storage quality in fruits. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Frequency and peak stretch magnitude affect alveolar epithelial permeability.

PubMed

Cohen, T S; Cavanaugh, K J; Margulies, S S

2008-10-01

The present study measured stretch-induced changes in transepithelial permeability to uncharged tracers (1.5-5.5 A) using cultured monolayers of alveolar epithelial type-I like cells. Cultured alveolar epithelial cells were subjected to uniform cyclic (0, 0.25 and 1.0 Hz) biaxial stretch from 0% to 12, 25 or 37% change in surface area (DeltaSA) for 1 h. Significant changes in permeability of cell monolayers were observed when stretched from 0% to 37% DeltaSA at all frequencies, and from 0% to 25% DeltaSA only at high frequency (1 Hz), but not at all when stretched from 0% to 12% DeltaSA compared with unstretched controls. At stretch oscillation amplitudes of 25 and 37% DeltaSA, imposed at 1 Hz, tracer permeability increased compared with that at 0.25 Hz. Cells subjected to a single stretch cycle at 37% DeltaSA (0.25 Hz), to simulate a deep sigh, were not distinguishable from unstretched controls. Reducing stretch oscillation amplitude while maintaining a peak stretch of 37% DeltaSA (0.25 Hz) via the application of a simulated post-end-expiratory pressure did not protect barrier properties. In conclusion, peak stretch magnitude and stretch frequency were the primary determining factors for epithelial barrier dysfunction, as opposed to oscillation amplitude.

Investigation of the effect of tablet surface area/volume on drug release from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose controlled-release matrix tablets.

PubMed

Reynolds, Thomas D; Mitchell, Shawn A; Balwinski, Karen M

2002-04-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tablet surface area/volume (SA/Vol) on drug release from controlled-release matrix tablets containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Soluble drugs (promethazine HCl, diphenhydramine HCl, and propranolol HCl) were utilized in this study to give predominantly diffusion-controlled release. Drug release from HPMC matrix tablets with similar values of SA/Vol was comparable within the same tablet shape (i.e., flat-faced round tablets) and among different shapes (i.e., oval, round concave, flat-faced beveled-edge, and flat-faced round tablets). Tablets having the same surface area but different SA/Vol values did not result in similar drug release; tablets with larger SA/Vol values hadfaster release profiles. Utility of SA/Vol to affect drug release was demonstrated by changing drug doses, and altering tablet shape to adjust SA/Vol. When SA/Vol was held constant, similar release profiles were obtained with f2 metric values greater than 70. Thus, surface area/volume is one of the key variables in controlling drug release from HPMC matrix tablets. Proper use of this variable has practical application by formulators who may need to duplicate drug release profiles from tablets of different sizes and different shapes.

Defense to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape is associated with the sequential activations of salicylic acid signaling and jasmonic acid signaling.

PubMed

Wang, Zheng; Tan, Xiaoli; Zhang, Zhiyan; Gu, Shoulai; Li, Guanying; Shi, Haifeng

2012-03-01

Signaling pathways mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are widely studied in various host-pathogen interactions. For oilseed rape (Brassica napus)-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction, little information of the two signaling molecules has been described in detail. In this study, we showed that the level of SA and JA in B. napus leaves was increased with a distinct temporal profile, respectively, after S. sclerotiorum infection. The application of SA or methyl jasmonate enhanced the resistance to the pathogen. Furthermore, a set of SA and JA signaling marker genes were identified from B. napus and were used to monitor the signaling responses to S. sclerotiorum infection by examining the temporal expression profiles of these marker genes. The SA signaling was activated within 12h post inoculation (hpi) followed by the JA signaling which was activated around 24 hpi. In addition, SA-JA crosstalk genes were activated during this process. These results suggested that defense against S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape is associated with a sequential activation of SA signaling and JA signaling, which provide important clues for designing strategies to curb diseases caused by S. sclerotioru. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 68169 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France (Eurocopter) Model SA-365N, SA-365N1, AS-365N2, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-05

...-1082; Directorate Identifier 2009-SW-041-AD; Amendment 39-16491; AD 2010-23-02] RIN 2120-AA64.... FAA-2010-1082; Directorate Identifier 2009-041-SW-AD'' at the beginning of your comments. We...: Amendment 39-16491; Docket No. FAA- 2010-1082; Directorate Identifier 2009-SW-041-AD. Applicability: Model...

The Effects of Social Anxiety and Online Privacy Concern on Individual Differences in Internet-Based Interaction Anxiety and Communication Preferences.

PubMed

Shaughnessy, Krystelle; Rocheleau, Jessica N; Kamalou, Somayyeh; Moscovitch, David A

2017-04-01

Social anxiety (SA) and online privacy concerns (OPCs) are conceptually distinct fears, but both may be activated by Internet-based social contexts. Whereas SA is focused on being the object of interpersonal evaluation, OPC is focused on preventing others from gaining unauthorized access to private personal information. No research to date has investigated how SA and OPCs may uniquely or interactively predict individual differences in online interaction anxiety or attitudes and preferences about online communication. Participants (N = 374) completed the Social Phobia Inventory and measures of OPCs, online interaction anxiety, and attitudes related to online communication. The results revealed that SA and OPCs were not correlated with one another; however, they each uniquely predicted significant variance in particular outcomes, with no interactive effects. Findings help to illuminate the ways in which online communication preferences may be differentially shaped by people's levels of SA and OPCs, respectively. Theoretical implications and applications are discussed.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance shikimic acid production from sorbitol.

PubMed

Liu, Xianglei; Lin, Jun; Hu, Haifeng; Zhou, Bin; Zhu, Baoquan

2014-09-01

Shikimic acid (SA) is the key synthetic material of Oseltamivir, which is an effective drug for the prevention and treatment of influenza. In this study, to block the downstream metabolic pathway of SA, the shikimate kinase isoenzyme genes aroK and aroL were deleted by Red recombination. Moreover, the key enzyme genes aroG, aroB, tktA and aroE of SA pathway were co-expressed by constructing the recombinant vector pETDuet-GBAE. As a result, SA production of E. coli BW25113 (∆aroL/aroK, DE3)/pETDuet-GBAE reached 1,077.6 mg/l when low amounts of sorbitol (5 g/l) were fed in shake flasks. The yield was 3.7 times that when glucose was used (P < 0.05). The results showed that sorbitol was an optimized carbon source for the high efficient accumulation of SA for the first time, which was applicable to use in the industry for high yields and low consumption.

Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent.

PubMed

Yin, Zhiqi; Sun, Lidan; Jin, Qiaomei; Song, Shaoli; Feng, Yuanbo; Liao, Hong; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Wei

2017-11-01

1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131 I-Sennoside A ( 131 I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131 I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131 I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131 I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131 I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131 I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131 I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131 I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.

Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r-Induced Systemic Resistance in Rice against Magnaporthe oryzae Is Based on Pseudobactin-Mediated Priming for a Salicylic Acid-Repressible Multifaceted Defense Response1[C][OA

PubMed Central

De Vleesschauwer, David; Djavaheri, Mohammad; Bakker, Peter A.H.M.; Höfte, Monica

2008-01-01

Selected strains of nonpathogenic rhizobacteria can reduce disease in foliar tissues through the induction of a defense state known as induced systemic resistance (ISR). Compared with the large body of information on ISR in dicotyledonous plants, little is known about the mechanisms underlying rhizobacteria-induced resistance in cereal crops. Here, we demonstrate the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r to trigger ISR in rice (Oryza sativa) against the leaf blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Using salicylic acid (SA)-nonaccumulating NahG rice, an ethylene-insensitive OsEIN2 antisense line, and the jasmonate-deficient mutant hebiba, we show that this WCS374r-induced resistance is regulated by an SA-independent but jasmonic acid/ethylene-modulated signal transduction pathway. Bacterial mutant analysis uncovered a pseudobactin-type siderophore as the crucial determinant responsible for ISR elicitation. Root application of WCS374r-derived pseudobactin (Psb374) primed naive leaves for accelerated expression of a pronounced multifaceted defense response, consisting of rapid recruitment of phenolic compounds at sites of pathogen entry, concerted expression of a diverse set of structural defenses, and a timely hyperinduction of hydrogen peroxide formation putatively driving cell wall fortification. Exogenous SA application alleviated this Psb374-modulated defense priming, while Psb374 pretreatment antagonized infection-induced transcription of SA-responsive PR genes, suggesting that the Psb374- and SA-modulated signaling pathways are mutually antagonistic. Interestingly, in sharp contrast to WCS374r-mediated ISR, chemical induction of blast resistance by the SA analog benzothiadiazole was independent of jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling and involved the potentiation of SA-responsive gene expression. Together, these results offer novel insights into the signaling circuitry governing induced resistance against M. oryzae and suggest that rice is endowed with multiple blast-effective resistance pathways. PMID:18945932

Implications of terminal oxidase function in regulation of salicylic acid on soybean seedling photosynthetic performance under water stress.

PubMed

Tang, Yanping; Sun, Xin; Wen, Tao; Liu, Mingjie; Yang, Mingyan; Chen, Xuefei

2017-03-01

The aim of this study is to investigate whether exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) could modulate the photosynthetic capacity of soybean seedlings in water stress tolerance, and to clarify the potential functions of terminal oxidase (plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) and alternative oxidase (AOX)) in SA' s regulation on photosynthesis. The effects of SA and water stress on gas exchange, pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) and NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH; EC1.1.1.82)) activity and transcript levels of PTOX, AOX1, AOX2a, AOX2b were examined in a hydroponic cultivation system. Results indicate that water stress significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), pigment contents (Chla + b, Chla/b, Car), maximum quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry (Fv/Fm), efficiency of excitation capture of open PSⅡcenter (Fv'/Fm'), quantum efficiency of PSⅡphotochemistry (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activity of all the enzymes. SA pretreatment led to significant decreases in Ci and MDA content, and increases in Pn, Gs, E, pigment contents, Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSⅡ, qP, and the activity of all the enzymes. SA treatment and water stress alone significantly up-regulated the expression of PTOX, AOX1 and AOX2b. SA pretreatment further increased the transcript levels of PTOX and AOX2b of soybean seedling under water stress. These results indicate that SA application alleviates the water stress-induced decrease in photosynthesis may mainly through maintaining a lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, a greater PSⅡefficiency, and an enhanced alternative respiration and chlororespiration. PTOX and AOX may play important roles in SA-mediated resistance to water stress. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Beyond SaGMRotI: Conversion to SaArb, SaSN, and SaMaxRot

USGS Publications Warehouse

Watson-Lamprey, J. A.; Boore, D.M.

2007-01-01

In the seismic design of structures, estimates of design forces are usually provided to the engineer in the form of elastic response spectra. Predictive equations for elastic response spectra are derived from empirical recordings of ground motion. The geometric mean of the two orthogonal horizontal components of motion is often used as the response value in these predictive equations, although it is not necessarily the most relevant estimate of forces within the structure. For some applications it is desirable to estimate the response value on a randomly chosen single component of ground motion, and in other applications the maximum response in a single direction is required. We give adjustment factors that allow converting the predictions of geometric-mean ground-motion predictions into either of these other two measures of seismic ground-motion intensity. In addition, we investigate the relation of the strike-normal component of ground motion to the maximum response values. We show that the strike-normal component of ground motion seldom corresponds to the maximum horizontal-component response value (in particular, at distances greater than about 3 km from faults), and that focusing on this case in exclusion of others can result in the underestimation of the maximum component. This research provides estimates of the maximum response value of a single component for all cases, not just near-fault strike-normal components. We provide modification factors that can be used to convert predictions of ground motions in terms of the geometric mean to the maximum spectral acceleration (SaMaxRot) and the random component of spectral acceleration (SaArb). Included are modification factors for both the mean and the aleatory standard deviation of the logarithm of the motions.

Use of verbal autopsy and social autopsy in humanitarian crises.

PubMed

Thomas, Lisa-Marie; D'Ambruoso, Lucia; Balabanova, Dina

2018-01-01

Two billion people live in countries affected by conflict, violence and fragility. These are exceptional situations in which mortality shifts dramatically and in which civil registration and vital statistics systems are often weakened or cease to function. Verbal autopsy and social autopsy (VA and SA) are methods used to assign causes of death and understand the contexts in which these occur, in settings where information is otherwise unavailable. This review sought to explore the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises, with a focus on how these approaches are used to inform policy and programme responses. A rapid scoping review was conducted on the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises in low and middle-income countries since 1991. Drawing on a maximum variation approach, two settings of application ('application contexts') were selected and investigated via nine semi-structured expert interviews. VA can determine causes of death in crisis-affected populations where no other registration system is in place. Combined with SA and active community involvement, these methods can deliver a holistic view of obstacles to seeking and receiving essential healthcare, yielding context-specific information to inform appropriate responses. The contexts in which VA and SA are used require adaptations to standard tools, and new mobile developments in VA raise specific ethical considerations. Furthermore, collecting and sythesising data in a timely, continuous manner, and ensuring coordination and communication between agencies, is important to realise the potential of these approaches. VA and SA are valuable research methods to foster evidence-informed responses for populations affected by humanitarian crises. When coordinated and communicated effectively, data generated through these methods can help to identify levels, causes and circumstances of deaths among vulnerable groups, and can enable planning and allocating resources effectively, potentially improving health system resilience to future crises.

Modulation of ethylene- and heat-controlled hyponastic leaf movement in Arabidopsis thaliana by the plant defence hormones jasmonate and salicylate.

PubMed

van Zanten, Martijn; Ritsema, Tita; Polko, Joanna K; Leon-Reyes, Antonio; Voesenek, Laurentius A C J; Millenaar, Frank F; Pieterse, Corné M J; Peeters, Anton J M

2012-04-01

Upward leaf movement (hyponastic growth) is adopted by several plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, as a mechanism to escape adverse growth conditions. Among the signals that trigger hyponastic growth are, the gaseous hormone ethylene, low light intensities, and supra-optimal temperatures (heat). Recent studies indicated that the defence-related phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) synthesized by the plant upon biotic infestation repress low light-induced hyponastic growth. The hyponastic growth response induced by high temperature (heat) treatment and upon application of the gaseous hormone ethylene is highly similar to the response induced by low light. To test if these environmental signals induce hyponastic growth via parallel pathways or converge downstream, we studied here the roles of Methyl-JA (MeJA) and SA on ethylene- and heat-induced hyponastic growth. For this, we used a time-lapse camera setup. Our study includes pharmacological application of MeJA and SA and biological infestation using the JA-inducing caterpillar Pieris rapae as well as mutants lacking JA or SA signalling components. The data demonstrate that MeJA is a positive, and SA, a negative regulator of ethylene-induced hyponastic growth and that both hormones repress the response to heat. Taking previous studies into account, we conclude that SA is the first among many tested components which is repressing hyponastic growth under all tested inductive environmental stimuli. However, since MeJA is a positive regulator of ethylene-induced hyponastic growth and is inhibiting low light- and heat-induced leaf movement, we conclude that defence hormones control hyponastic growth by affecting stimulus-specific signalling pathways.

Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels.

PubMed

Huang, Biao; Liu, Mingxian; Long, Zheru; Shen, Yan; Zhou, Changren

2017-01-01

Sodium alginate (SA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by solution blending and cross-linking with calcium ions. HNTs can improve the physical properties and cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels. The static and shear viscosity of SA/HNTs solution increase by the addition of HNTs. FTIR suggests the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between HNTs and SA. The crystal structure of HNTs is retained in the composites as showed by the X-ray diffraction result. A porous structure with pore size of 100-250μm is found in the hydrogels, which can provide a space for cell growth and migration. The compressive mechanical properties of composite hydrogels significantly increase compared to the pure SA hydrogel. The SA/HNTs composite hydrogels with 80% HNTs loading exhibit the compressive stress at 80% strain of 2.99MPa, while the stress at 80% strain of pure SA hydrogel is only 0.8MPa. The dynamic storage modulus of composite hydrogels also markedly increases with HNTs concentration. The differential scanning calorimetry endothermic peak area and swelling ratios in NaCl solution of the composite hydrogels decrease by the addition of HNTs. Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture results reveal that the SA/HNTs composites especially at relatively low HNTs loading show a significant increase in cells adhesion and proliferation compared to the pure SA hydrogel. All the results demonstrate that the SA/HNTs composite hydrogels show a promising application in bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Classification methods to detect sleep apnea in adults based on respiratory and oximetry signals: a systematic review.

PubMed

Uddin, M B; Chow, C M; Su, S W

2018-03-26

Sleep apnea (SA), a common sleep disorder, can significantly decrease the quality of life, and is closely associated with major health risks such as cardiovascular disease, sudden death, depression, and hypertension. The normal diagnostic process of SA using polysomnography is costly and time consuming. In addition, the accuracy of different classification methods to detect SA varies with the use of different physiological signals. If an effective, reliable, and accurate classification method is developed, then the diagnosis of SA and its associated treatment will be time-efficient and economical. This study aims to systematically review the literature and present an overview of classification methods to detect SA using respiratory and oximetry signals and address the automated detection approach. Sixty-two included studies revealed the application of single and multiple signals (respiratory and oximetry) for the diagnosis of SA. Both airflow and oxygen saturation signals alone were effective in detecting SA in the case of binary decision-making, whereas multiple signals were good for multi-class detection. In addition, some machine learning methods were superior to the other classification methods for SA detection using respiratory and oximetry signals. To deal with the respiratory and oximetry signals, a good choice of classification method as well as the consideration of associated factors would result in high accuracy in the detection of SA. An accurate classification method should provide a high detection rate with an automated (independent of human action) analysis of respiratory and oximetry signals. Future high-quality automated studies using large samples of data from multiple patient groups or record batches are recommended.

Improving Critical Thinking Using a Web-Based Tutorial Environment.

PubMed

Wiesner, Stephen M; Walker, J D; Creeger, Craig R

2017-01-01

With a broad range of subject matter, students often struggle recognizing relationships between content in different subject areas. A scenario-based learning environment (SaBLE) has been developed to enhancing clinical reasoning and critical thinking among undergraduate students in a medical laboratory science program and help them integrate their new knowledge. SaBLE incorporates aspects of both cognitive theory and instructional design, including reduction of extraneous cognitive load, goal-based learning, feedback timing, and game theory. SaBLE is a website application that runs in most browsers and devices, and is used to develop randomly selected scenarios that challenge user thinking in almost any scenario-based instruction. User progress is recorded to allow comprehensive data analysis of changes in user performance. Participation is incentivized using a point system and digital badges or awards. SaBLE was deployed in one course with a total exposure for the treatment group of approximately 9 weeks. When assessing performance of SaBLE participants, and controlling for grade point average as a possible confounding variable, there was a statistically significant correlation between the number of SaBLE levels completed and performance on selected critical-thinking exam questions addressing unrelated content.

Sampling and sensitivity analyses tools (SaSAT) for computational modelling

PubMed Central

Hoare, Alexander; Regan, David G; Wilson, David P

2008-01-01

SaSAT (Sampling and Sensitivity Analysis Tools) is a user-friendly software package for applying uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to mathematical and computational models of arbitrary complexity and context. The toolbox is built in Matlab®, a numerical mathematical software package, and utilises algorithms contained in the Matlab® Statistics Toolbox. However, Matlab® is not required to use SaSAT as the software package is provided as an executable file with all the necessary supplementary files. The SaSAT package is also designed to work seamlessly with Microsoft Excel but no functionality is forfeited if that software is not available. A comprehensive suite of tools is provided to enable the following tasks to be easily performed: efficient and equitable sampling of parameter space by various methodologies; calculation of correlation coefficients; regression analysis; factor prioritisation; and graphical output of results, including response surfaces, tornado plots, and scatterplots. Use of SaSAT is exemplified by application to a simple epidemic model. To our knowledge, a number of the methods available in SaSAT for performing sensitivity analyses have not previously been used in epidemiological modelling and their usefulness in this context is demonstrated. PMID:18304361

Flammability and oxidation kinetics of hydrophobic silica aerogels.

PubMed

Li, Zhi; Cheng, Xudong; Shi, Long; He, Song; Gong, Lunlun; Li, Congcong; Zhang, Heping

2016-12-15

Silica aerogels (SAs) present great application prospects especially on thermal insulation, but their flammability is usually ignored. A combined study on the combustion behaviors and oxidation kinetics of hydrophobic silica aerogels prepared by ambient pressure drying (SA-apd) and supercritical drying (SA-sd) was performed by employing cone calorimeter and thermal analysis. The whole combustion process for SAs could be divided into three stages in which a fire propagation phenomenon was observed with the radial propagation velocity of 6.6-8.3cms -1 . Current investigations forcefully demonstrated that hydrophobic SAs were combustible and easy to flashover when exposed to a heat flux higher than 25kWm -2 . Compared between the two SAs, the SA-sd owned a less fire risk with presenting a less fire hazard and a lower smoke toxicity than those of SA-apd. The oxidation kinetics by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method revealed that SA-sd had larger apparent activation energies than those of SA-apd which conformed to the thermal stability analysis by TG-DSC. Furthermore, a two-step combustion mechanism was proposed to explain the combustion behaviors of SAs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exogenous salicylic acid protects phospholipids against cadmium stress in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

PubMed

Belkadhi, Aïcha; De Haro, Antonio; Obregon, Sara; Chaïbi, Wided; Djebali, Wahbi

2015-10-01

Salicylic acid (SA) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. The present study addressed the hypothesis that 8-h SA pretreatment, would alter membrane lipids in a way that would protect against Cd toxicity. Flax seeds were pre-soaked for 8h in SA (0, 250 and 1000µM) and then subjected, at seedling stage, to cadmium (Cd) stress. At 100µM CdCl2, significant decreases in the percentages of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and changes in their relative fatty acid composition were observed in Cd-treated roots in comparison with controls. However, in roots of 8-h SA pretreated plantlets, results showed that the amounts of PC and PE were significantly higher as compared to non-pretreated plantlets. Additionally, in both lipid classes, the proportion of linolenic acid (18:3) increased upon the pretreatment with SA. This resulted in a significant increase in the fatty acid unsaturation ratio of the root PC and PE classes. As the exogenous application of SA was found to be protective of flax lipid metabolism, the possible mechanisms of protection against Cd stress in flax roots were discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparation and characterization of novel super-artificial hair fiber based on biomass materials.

PubMed

Yang, Lijun; Guo, Jing; Zhang, Sen; Gong, Yumei

2017-06-01

A novel super-artificial hair fiber basing on sodium alginate (SA) and Antarctic Krill protein (AKP) was prepared by wet spinning successfully. Such SA/AKP fiber did not only have similar crystalline structure with human hair, but also had super flame resistance and mechanical performance. It should be noted that the whole preparation process was green without any incorporation of non-toxic solution. Moreover, comparing with human hair, the SA/AKP fiber had a lot of unique groove upon the fiber surface, which contributed a lot to excellent hygroscopicity. Meanwhile, the dyeing performance could be improved notably due to incorporation of protein into the matrix. Herein, the SA/AKP fiber with superior mechanical and functional performance had practical value for application in the field of synthetic wig. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reactive Removal of BiF Ground State

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-28

1978). 3. W E. Jones and T D. McLean, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 90, 481 (1981). 4. R. E Heidner, H . Helvajian , J. S. Holloway, and J. B. Koffend, J. Chem...Phys. 84, 2137 (1986). 5. C. R. Jones and H . P. Broida, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 4369 (1974). 6. H . Helvajian , J. S. Holloway, and J. B. Koffend, J. Chem...Phys. Rev. A6, 631 (1972). 27. H . Hotop and W C. Lineberger, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4, 539 (1985). 28. J.M. Herbelin, Conf. Proc., Intl. Gonf. on

Results of FAA Cabin Ozone Monitoring Program in Commercial Aircraft in 1978 and 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

October 5, 1978 (5), and a final rule published on January 21, 1980 (6). The final rule applied to Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 25...Occupational Saftey and Health Administration; studies conducted at the FAA’s Civil Aeromedical Institute; a review of research into the health...DEN Stapleton Intl (Denver) 39-46N 104-53W 11. DFW Dallas-Ft Worth Regional 32-54N 97-02W 12. DTW Detroit Metropolitan Wayne Company 42-13N 83-21W 13

Graphene Oxide-A Tool for the Preparation of Chemically Crosslinking Free Alginate-Chitosan-Collagen Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.

PubMed

Kolanthai, Elayaraja; Sindu, Pugazhendhi Abinaya; Khajuria, Deepak Kumar; Veerla, Sarath Chandra; Kuppuswamy, Dhandapani; Catalani, Luiz Henrique; Mahapatra, D Roy

2018-04-18

Developing a biodegradable scaffold remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study was aimed at developing novel alginate-chitosan-collagen (SA-CS-Col)-based composite scaffolds consisting of graphene oxide (GO) to enrich porous structures, elicited by the freeze-drying technique. To characterize porosity, water absorption, and compressive modulus, GO scaffolds (SA-CS-Col-GO) were prepared with and without Ca 2+ -mediated crosslinking (chemical crosslinking) and analyzed using Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The incorporation of GO into the SA-CS-Col matrix increased both crosslinking density as indicated by the reduction of crystalline peaks in the XRD patterns and polyelectrolyte ion complex as confirmed by FTIR. GO scaffolds showed increased mechanical properties which were further increased for chemically crosslinked scaffolds. All scaffolds exhibited interconnected pores of 10-250 μm range. By increasing the crosslinking density with Ca 2+ , a decrease in the porosity/swelling ratio was observed. Moreover, the SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold with or without chemical crosslinking was more stable as compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col scaffolds when placed in aqueous solution. To perform in vitro biochemical studies, mouse osteoblast cells were grown on various scaffolds and evaluated for cell proliferation by using MTT assay and mineralization and differentiation by alizarin red S staining. These measurements showed a significant increase for cells attached to the SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col composites. However, chemical crosslinking of SA-CS-Col-GO showed no effect on the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts. These studies indicate the potential use of GO to prepare free SA-CS-Col scaffolds with preserved porous structure with elongated Col fibrils and that these composites, which are biocompatible and stable in a biological medium, could be used for application in engineering bone tissues.

Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on citrus foliage: Effecs on foliar volatiles and aggregation behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) are well-known activators of chemical defenses in plants. The SA pathway is involved in citrus response to infection by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas); less is known about the role of jasmonates in citrus defense response. We examined the eff...

Penetration of salicylic acid and salicylate into the multilayer membrane system and into the human horny layer.

PubMed

Neubert, R; Partyka, D; Wohlrab, W; Dettlaff, B; Fürst, W; Taube, K M

1990-01-01

Using a multilayer membrane system and human horny layer the difference in the penetration of salicylic acid (SA) and its sodium (Na-S) and choline (Ch-S) salts from topical formulations was studied. It was found Na-S and Ch-S were markedly accumulated in the first membrane of the three layer membrane system used. In contrast, a rapid penetration into all three membranes was observed when SA was used. Similar penetration profiles were obtained in human horny layer. Hence, the use of the salts of SA appears to be more suitable for the application as keratolytic.

Sustainability Assessment of Future Scenarios: Methodology and Application to Mountain Areas of Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheate, William R.; Partidário, Maria Rosário Do; Byron, Helen; Bina, Olivia; Dagg, Suzan

2008-02-01

BioScene (scenarios for reconciling biodiversity conservation with declining agriculture use in mountain areas in Europe) was a three-year project (2002 2005) funded by the European Union’s Fifth Framework Programme, and aimed to investigate the implications of agricultural restructuring and decline for biodiversity conservation in the mountain areas of Europe. The research took a case study approach to the analysis of the biodiversity processes and outcomes of different scenarios of agri-environmental change in six countries (France, Greece, Norway, Slovakia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) covering the major biogeographical regions of Europe. The project was coordinated by Imperial College London, and each study area had a multidisciplinary team including ecologists and social and economic experts, which sought a comprehensive understanding of the drivers for change and their implications for sustainability. A key component was the sustainability assessment (SA) of the alternative scenarios. This article discusses the development and application of the SA methodology developed for BioScene. While the methodology was objectives-led, it was also strongly grounded in baseline ecological and socio-economic data. This article also describes the engagement of stakeholder panels in each study area and the use of causal chain analysis for understanding the likely implications for land use and biodiversity of strategic drivers of change under alternative scenarios for agriculture and rural policy and for biodiversity management. Finally, this article draws conclusions for the application of SA more widely, its use with scenarios, and the benefits of stakeholder engagement in the SA process.

Multimodal and synthetic aperture approach to full-field 3D shape and displacement measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kujawińska, M.; Sitnik, R.

2017-08-01

Recently most of the measurement tasks in industry, civil engineering and culture heritage applications require archiving, characterization and monitoring of 3D objects and structures and their performance under changing conditions. These requirements can be met if multimodal measurement (MM) strategy is applied. It rely on effective combining structured light method and 3D digital image correlation with laser scanning/ToF, thermal imaging, multispectral imaging and BDRF measurements. In the case of big size and/or complicated objects MM have to be combined with hierarchical or synthetic aperture (SA) measurements. The new solutions in MM and SA strategies are presented and their applicability is shown at interesting cultural heritage and civil engineering applications.

Salicylic Acid, an Ambimobile Molecule Exhibiting a High Ability to Accumulate in the Phloem1

PubMed Central

Rocher, Françoise; Chollet, Jean-François; Jousse, Cyril; Bonnemain, Jean-Louis

2006-01-01

The ability of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to accumulate in castor bean (Ricinus communis) phloem was evaluated by HPLC and liquid scintillation spectrometry analyses of phloem sap collected from the severed apical part of seedlings. Time-course experiments indicated that SA was transported to the root system via the phloem and redistributed upward in small amounts via the xylem. This helps to explain the peculiarities of SA distribution within the plant in response to biotic stress and exogenous SA application. Phloem loading of SA at 1, 10, or 100 μm was dependent on the pH of the cotyledon incubating solution, and accumulation in the phloem sap was the highest (about 10-fold) at the most acidic pH values tested (pH 4.6 and 5.0). As in animal cells, SA uptake still occurred at pH values close to neutrality (i.e. when SA is only in its dissociated form according to the calculations made by ACD LogD suite software). The analog 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid, which is predicted to be nonmobile according to the models of Bromilow and Kleier, also moved in the sieve tubes. These discrepancies and other data may give rise to the hypothesis of a possible involvement of a pH-dependent carrier system translocating aromatic monocarboxylic acids in addition to the ion-trap mechanism. PMID:16778012

Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum).

PubMed

Wang, Caixia; Zhang, Qingming

2017-03-01

The role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in protecting wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) from contamination by the insecticide chlorpyrifos was investigated in this study. The wheat plants were grown in soils with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40mgkg -1 ) of chlorpyrifos. When the third leaf emerged, the wheat leaves were sprayed with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16mgL -1 of SA once a day for 6 days. The results showed that wheat exposed to higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos (≥20mgkg -1 ) caused declines in growth and chlorophyll content and altered the activities of a series of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Interestingly, treatments with different concentrations of SA mitigated the stress generated by chlorpyrifos and improved the measured parameters to varying degrees. Furthermore, a reverse transcription and quantitative PCR experiment revealed that the activities of SOD and CAT can be regulated by their target gene in wheat when treated with SA. We also found that SA is able to block the accumulation of chlorpyrifos in wheat. However, the effect of SA was related to its concentration. In this study, the application of 2mgL -1 of SA had the greatest ameliorating effect on chlorpyrifos toxicity in wheat plants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis, physio-biochemistry and quality of Panax ginseng under full sun shine in spring].

PubMed

Cao, Wu-lin; Meng, Xiang-cai; Ma, Wei

2015-09-01

In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA increased net photosynthetic rate to a great extent. Under the cloudy day, the average net photosynthetic rate increased by 127.8% and 155.0% over the traditional shade shed, 13.9% and 27.5% over the treatment without SA respectively; under the clear day, 23.5% and 30.4% over the traditional shade shed, 8.6% and 14.6% over the treatment without SA, particularly obvious in the morning and late afternoon. With such concentration, SA increased activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and decreased the contents of the MDA. This difference resulted from different light intensity, rise of light saturation point, and fall of compensation point. Full sun shine decreased ginsenosides contents, but with SA, the ginsenosides regained, the content of Rg1 and Re, Rb1, total six types of ginsenosides in SA 0.2 mmol x L(-1) group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and other groups. The application of 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA under full sun shine during a short time has little threat to the P. ginseng in spring, and could enhance the resistance to the adversity, which would improve the yield of ginseng heavily.

Enhancement of indocyanine green stability and cellular uptake by incorporating cationic lipid into indocyanine green-loaded nanoemulsions.

PubMed

Lee, Eun-Hye; Kim, Jin-Ki; Lim, Joon-Seok; Lim, Soo-Jeong

2015-12-01

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared optical dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration. ICG has been investigated as a simultaneous color and fluorescence-imaging tracer for the intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes, but its use has recently expanded to include application as a photosensitizer for the local photodynamic/thermal treatment of identified lymph node metastases. The current study was designed to develop an ICG-loaded nanoemulsion as an effective agent for both the diagnosis and treatment of lymph node metastases. Incorporating the cationic lipid stearylamine (SA) together with ICG in the shell of nanoemulsions did not affect the loaded ICG concentration, but changed the surface charge of nanoemulsions from a negative to a positive value and improved the physical stability of nanoemulsions. Loading ICG into SA-incorporated nanoemulsions more effectively blocked the aggregation and degradation of ICG compared to loading in SA-free nanoemulsions. SA incorporation also enhanced tumor cell uptake of ICG-loaded nanoemulsions, resulting in greater cell killing upon light irradiation. After subcutaneous injection into the footpad of mice, SA-incorporated nanoemulsions increased the concentration of ICG accumulated in popliteal lymph nodes to a greater extent than SA-free nanoemulsions without affecting the kinetics of lymph node uptake of nanoemulsions. These multiple beneficial effects of incorporating SA in nanoemulsions are likely attributable to the electrostatic interaction between anionic ICG and cationic SA, as well as the change in the nanoemulsion surface charge from negative to positive. Our findings indicate that SA-incorporated nanoemulsions are promising ICG carriers for combined diagnosis and treatment of lymph node metastases. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yb- and Er-doped fiber laser Q-switched with an optically uniform, broadband WS2 saturable absorber

PubMed Central

Zhang, M.; Hu, Guohua; Hu, Guoqing; Howe, R. C. T.; Chen, L.; Zheng, Z.; Hasan, T.

2015-01-01

We demonstrate a ytterbium (Yb) and an erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser Q-switched by a solution processed, optically uniform, few-layer tungsten disulfide saturable absorber (WS2-SA). Nonlinear optical absorption of the WS2-SA in the sub-bandgap region, attributed to the edge-induced states, is characterized by 3.1% and 4.9% modulation depths with 1.38 and 3.83 MW/cm2 saturation intensities at 1030 and 1558 nm, respectively. By integrating the optically uniform WS2-SA in the Yb- and Er-doped laser cavities, we obtain self-starting Q-switched pulses with microsecond duration and kilohertz repetition rates at 1030 and 1558 nm. Our work demonstrates broadband sub-bandgap saturable absorption of a single, solution processed WS2-SA, providing new potential efficacy for WS2 in ultrafast photonic applications. PMID:26657601

Memory processes of flight situation awareness: interactive roles of working memory capacity, long-term working memory, and expertise.

PubMed

Sohn, Young Woo; Doane, Stephanie M

2004-01-01

This research examined the role of working memory (WM) capacity and long-term working memory (LT-WM) in flight situation awareness (SA). We developed spatial and verbal measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skill and then determined the ability of these measures to predict pilot performance on SA tasks. Although both spatial measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skills were important predictors of SA performance, their importance varied as a function of pilot expertise. Spatial WM capacity was most predictive of SA performance for novices, whereas spatial LT-WM skill based on configurations of control flight elements (attitude and power) was most predictive for experts. Furthermore, evidence for an interactive role of WM and LT-WM mechanisms was indicated. Actual or potential applications of this research include cognitive analysis of pilot expertise and aviation training.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freitez, Juan A.; Sanchez, Morella; Ruette, Fernando

Application of simulated annealing (SA) and simplified GSA (SGSA) techniques for parameter optimization of parametric quantum chemistry method (CATIVIC) was performed. A set of organic molecules were selected for test these techniques. Comparison of the algorithms was carried out for error function minimization with respect to experimental values. Results show that SGSA is more efficient than SA with respect to computer time. Accuracy is similar in both methods; however, there are important differences in the final set of parameters.

An approach for evaluating the respiratory irritation of mixtures: application to metalworking fluids.

PubMed

Schaper, M M; Detwiler-Okabayashi, K A

1995-01-01

Recently, the sensory and pulmonary irritating properties of ten metalworking fluids (MWF) were assessed using a mouse bioassay. Relative potency of the MWFs was estimated, but it was not possible to identify the component(s) responsible for the the respiratory irritation induced by each MWF. One of the ten fluids, MWF "ET", produced sensory and pulmonary irritation in mice, and it was of moderate potency in comparison to the other nine MWFs. MWF "E" had three major components: tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), sodium sulfonate (SA), and paraffinic oil (PO). In the present study, the sensory and pulmonary irritating properties of these individual components of MWF "E" were evaluated. Mixtures of the three components were also prepared and similarly evaluated. This analysis revealed that the sensory irritation from MWF "E" was largely due to TOFA, whereas SA produced the pulmonary irritation observed with MWF "E". Both TOFA and SA were more potent irritants than was MWF "E", and the potency of TOFA and/or SA was diminished through combination with PO. There was no evidence of synergism of the components when combined to form MWF "E". This approach for identifying the biologically "active" component(s) in a mixture should be useful for other MWFs. Furthermore, the approach should be easily adapted for other applications involving concerns with mixtures.

A broad-spectrum, efficient and nontransgenic approach to control plant viruses by application of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.

PubMed

Shang, Jing; Xi, De-Hui; Xu, Fei; Wang, Shao-Dong; Cao, Sen; Xu, Mo-Yun; Zhao, Ping-Ping; Wang, Jian-Hui; Jia, Shu-Dan; Zhang, Zhong-Wei; Yuan, Shu; Lin, Hong-Hui

2011-02-01

Plant viruses cause many diseases that lead to significant economic losses. However, most of the approaches to control plant viruses, including transgenic processes or drugs are plant-species-limited or virus-species-limited, and not very effective. We introduce an application of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), a broad-spectrum, efficient and nontransgenic method, to improve plant resistance to RNA viruses. Applying 0.06 mM JA and then 0.1 mM SA 24 h later, enhanced resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) in Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato and hot pepper. The inhibition efficiency to virus replication usually achieved up to 80-90%. The putative molecular mechanism was investigated. Some possible factors affecting the synergism of JA and SA have been defined, including WRKY53, WRKY70, PDF1.2, MPK4, MPK2, MPK3, MPK5, MPK12, MPK14, MKK1, MKK2, and MKK6. All genes involving in the synergism of JA and SA were investigated. This approach is safe to human beings and environmentally friendly and shows potential as a strong tool for crop protection against plant viruses.

A poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend monolith with nanoscale porous structure

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

A stimuli-responsive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) blend monolith with nanoscale porous (mesoporous) structure is successfully fabricated by thermally impacted non-solvent induced phase separation (TINIPS) method. The PVA/SA blend monolith with different SA contents is conveniently fabricated in an aqueous methanol without any templates. The solvent suitable for the fabrication of the present blend monolith by TINIPS is different with that of the PVA monolith. The nanostructural control of the blend monolith is readily achieved by optimizing the fabrication conditions. Brunauer Emmett Teller measurement shows that the obtained blend monolith has a large surface area. Pore size distribution plot for the blend monolith obtained by the non-local density functional theory method reveals the existence of the nanoscale porous structure. Fourier transform infrared analysis reveals the strong interactions between PVA and SA. The pH-responsive property of the blend monolith is investigated on the basis of swelling ratio in different pH solutions. The present blend monolith of biocompatible and biodegradable PVA and SA with nanoscale porous structure has large potential for applications in biomedical and environmental fields. PMID:24093494

Surface modification of graphene oxide nanosheets by protamine sulfate/sodium alginate for anti-cancer drug delivery application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Meng; Zhang, Feng; Liu, Lijiao; Zhang, Yanan; Li, Yeping; Li, Huaming; Xie, Jimin

2018-05-01

In order to improve the efficiency of anticancer drug delivery, a graphene oxide (GO) based drug delivery system modificated by natural peptide protamine sulfate (PRM) and sodium alginate (SA) was established via electrostatic attraction at each step of adsorption based on layer-by-layer self-assembly. The nanocomposites were then loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) to estimate the feasibility as drug carriers. The nanocomposites loaded with DOX revealed a remarkable pH-sensitive drug release property. The modification with protamine sulfate and sodium alginate could not only impart the nanocomposites an improved dispersibility and stability under physiological pH, but also suppress the protein adhesion. Due to the high water dispersibility and the small particle size, GO-PRM/SA nanocomposites were able to be uptaken by MCF-7 cells. It was found that GO-PRM/SA nanocomposites exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells, while GO-PRM/SA-DOX exhibited better cytotoxicity than GO-DOX. Therefore, the GO-PRM/SA nanocomposites were feasible as drug delivery vehicles.

Improving Self-Assembly by Varying the Temperature Periodically with Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raz, Oren; Jarzynski, Christopher

Self-assembly (SA) is the process by which basic components organize into a larger structure without external guidance. These processes are common in Nature, and also have technological applications, e.g. growing a crystal with a specific structure. So far, artificial SA processes have been designed mostly using diffusive building blocks with high specificity and directionality. The formation of the self-assembled structures is then driven by free-energy minimization into a thermodynamically stable state. In an alternative approach to SA, macroscopic parameters such as temperature, pressure, pH, magnetic field etc., are varied periodically with time. In this case, the SA structures are the stable periodic states of the driven system. Currently there are no design principles for periodically driven SA, other than in the limits of fast or weak driving. We present guiding ideas for self-assembly under periodic driving. As an example, we show a particular case in which self-assembly errors can be dramatically reduced by varying a system's temperature periodically with time. James S. McDonnell Foundation, and the US National Science Foundation: DMR-1506969.

A poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend monolith with nanoscale porous structure.

PubMed

Sun, Xiaoxia; Uyama, Hiroshi

2013-10-04

A stimuli-responsive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) blend monolith with nanoscale porous (mesoporous) structure is successfully fabricated by thermally impacted non-solvent induced phase separation (TINIPS) method. The PVA/SA blend monolith with different SA contents is conveniently fabricated in an aqueous methanol without any templates. The solvent suitable for the fabrication of the present blend monolith by TINIPS is different with that of the PVA monolith. The nanostructural control of the blend monolith is readily achieved by optimizing the fabrication conditions. Brunauer Emmett Teller measurement shows that the obtained blend monolith has a large surface area. Pore size distribution plot for the blend monolith obtained by the non-local density functional theory method reveals the existence of the nanoscale porous structure. Fourier transform infrared analysis reveals the strong interactions between PVA and SA. The pH-responsive property of the blend monolith is investigated on the basis of swelling ratio in different pH solutions. The present blend monolith of biocompatible and biodegradable PVA and SA with nanoscale porous structure has large potential for applications in biomedical and environmental fields.

Singularity Analysis: a powerful image processing tool in remote sensing of the oceans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turiel, A.; Umbert, M.; Hoareau, N.; Ballabrera-Poy, J.; Portabella, M.

2012-04-01

The study of fully developed turbulence has given rise to the development of new methods to describe real data of scalars submitted to the action of a turbulent flow. The application of this brand of methodologies (known as Microcanonical Multifractal Formalism, MMF) on remote sensing ocean maps open new ways to exploit those data for oceanographic purposes. The main technique in MMF is that of Singularity Analysis (SA). By means of SA a singularity exponents is assigned to each point of a given image. The singularity exponent of a given point is a dimensionless measure of the regularity or irregularity of the scalar at that point. Singularity exponents arrange in singularity lines, which accurately track the flow streamlines from any scalar, as we have verified with remote sensing and simulated data. Applications of SA include quality assessment of different products, the estimation of surface velocities, the development of fusion techniques for different types of scalars, comparison with measures of ocean mixing, and improvement in assimilation schemes.

Salicylic acid confers enhanced resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple.

PubMed

Zhang, Ying; Shi, Xiangpeng; Li, Baohua; Zhang, Qingming; Liang, Wenxing; Wang, Caixia

2016-09-01

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Glomerella cingulata is a newly emergent disease that results in severe defoliation and fruit spots in apple. Currently, there are no effective means to control this disease except for the traditional fungicide sprays. Induced resistance by elicitors against pathogens infection is a widely accepted eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, we investigated whether exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) could improve resistance to GLS in a highly susceptible apple cultivar (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Gala') and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with SA, at 0.1-1.0 mM, induced strong resistance against GLS in 'Gala' apple leaves, with SA treated leaves showing significant reduction in lesion numbers and disease index. Concurrent with the enhanced disease resistance, SA treatment markedly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and defence-related enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). As expected, SA treatment also induced the expression levels of five pathogenesis-related (PR) genes including PR1, PR5, PR8, Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Furthermore, the most pronounced and/or rapid increase was observed in leaves treated with SA and subsequently inoculated with G. cingulata compared to the treatment with SA or inoculation with the pathogen. Together, these results suggest that exogenous SA triggered increase in reactive oxygen species levels and the antioxidant system might be responsible for enhanced resistance against G. cingulata in 'Gala' apple leaves. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Virulence factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains from periurban areas of Lima (Peru)

PubMed Central

Lluque, Angela; Mosquito, Susan; Gomes, Cláudia; Riveros, Maribel; Durand, David; Tilley, Drake H.; Bernal, María; Prada, Ana; Ochoa, Theresa J.; Ruiz, Joaquim

2015-01-01

The study was aimed to describe the serotype, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants in Shigella spp. isolated from Peruvian children. Eighty three Shigella spp. were serogrouped and serotyped being established the antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 12 virulence factors (VF) and integrase 1 and 2, along with commonly found antibiotic resistance genes was established by PCR. S. flexneri was the most relevant serogroup (55 isolates, 66%), with serotype 2a most frequently detected (27 of 55, 49%), followed by S. boydii and S. sonnei at 12 isolates each (14%) and S. dysenteriae (4 isolates, 5%). Fifty isolates (60%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) including 100% of S. sonnei and 64% of S. flexneri. Resistance levels were high to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), tetracycline (74%), ampicillin (67%), and chloramphenicol (65%). Six isolates showed decreased azithromycin susceptibility. No isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or ceftriaxone. The most frequent resistance genes were sul2 (95%), tet(B) (92%), cat (80%), dfrA1 (47%), blaOXA-1 like (40%), with intl1 and intl2 detected in 51 and 52% of the isolates, respectively. Thirty-one different VF profiles were observed, being the ipaH (100%), sen (77%), virA and icsA (75%) genes the most frequently found. Differences in the prevalence of VF were observed between species with S. flexneri isolates, particularly serotype 2a, possessing high numbers of VF. In conclusion, this study highlights the high heterogeneity of Shigella VF and resistance genes, and prevalence of MDR organisms within this geographic region. PMID:25998616

Self-Recognition Sensitizes Mouse and Human Regulatory T Cells to Low-Dose CD28 Superagonist Stimulation.

PubMed

Langenhorst, Daniela; Tabares, Paula; Gulde, Tobias; Becklund, Bryan R; Berr, Susanne; Surh, Charles D; Beyersdorf, Niklas; Hünig, Thomas

2017-01-01

In rodents, low doses of CD28-specific superagonistic monoclonal antibodies (CD28 superagonists, CD28SA) selectively activate regulatory T cells (Treg). This observation has recently been extended to humans, suggesting an option for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon is still lacking. Given that CD28SA amplify T cell receptor (TCR) signals, we tested the hypothesis that the weak tonic TCR signals received by conventional CD4 + T cells (Tconv) in the absence of cognate antigen require more CD28 signaling input for full activation than the stronger TCR signals received by self-reactive Treg. We report that in vitro , the response of mouse Treg and Tconv to CD28SA strongly depends on MHC class II expression by antigen-presenting cells. To separate the effect of tonic TCR signals from self-peptide recognition, we compared the response of wild-type Treg and Tconv to low and high CD28SA doses upon transfer into wild-type or H-2M knockout mice, which lack a self-peptide repertoire. We found that the superior response of Treg to low CD28SA doses was lost in the absence of self-peptide presentation. We also tested if potentially pathogenic autoreactive Tconv would benefit from self-recognition-induced sensitivity to CD28SA stimulation by transferring TCR transgenic OVA-specific Tconv into OVA-expressing mice and found that low-dose CD28SA application inhibited, rather than supported, their expansion, presumably due to the massive concomitant activation of Treg. Finally, we report that also in the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CD28SA, HLA II blockade interferes with the expansion of Treg by low-dose CD28SA stimulation. These results provide a rational basis for the further development of low-dose CD28SA therapy for the improvement of Treg activity.

Chlorogenic Acids Biosynthesis in Centella asiatica Cells Is not Stimulated by Salicylic Acid Manipulation.

PubMed

Ncube, E N; Steenkamp, P A; Madala, N E; Dubery, I A

2016-07-01

Exogenous application of synthetic and natural elicitors of plant defence has been shown to result in mass production of secondary metabolites with nutraceuticals properties in cultured cells. In particular, salicylic acid (SA) treatment has been reported to induce the production of phenylpropanoids, including cinnamic acid derivatives bound to quinic acid (chlorogenic acids). Centella asiatica is an important medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties owing to its wide spectrum of secondary metabolites. We investigated the effect of SA on C. asiatica cells by monitoring perturbation of chlorogenic acids in particular. Different concentrations of SA were used to treat C. asiatica cells, and extracts from both treated and untreated cells were analysed using an optimised UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method. Semi-targeted multivariate data analyses with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed a concentration-dependent metabolic response. Surprisingly, a range of chlorogenic acid derivatives were found to be downregulated as a consequence of SA treatment. Moreover, irbic acid (3,5-O-dicaffeoyl-4-O-malonilquinic acid) was found to be a dominant CGA in C. asiatica cells, although the SA treatment also had a negative effect on its concentration. Overall SA treatment was found to be an ineffective elicitor of CGA production in cultured C. asiatica cells.

Proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes from a newly isolated Bacillus mojavensis SA: Characterization and applications as laundry detergent additive and in leather processing.

PubMed

Hammami, Amal; Fakhfakh, Nahed; Abdelhedi, Ola; Nasri, Moncef; Bayoudh, Ahmed

2018-03-01

The present work aims to study the simultaneous production of highly alkaline proteases and thermostable α-amylases by a newly isolated bacterium Bacillus mojavensis SA. The optimum pH and temperature of amylase activity were 9.0 and 55°C, respectively, while those of the proteolytic activity were 12.0 and 60°C, respectively. Both α-amylase and protease enzymes showed a high stability towards a wide range of pH and temperature. Furthermore, SA crude enzymes were relatively stable towards non-ionic (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100) and anionic (SDS) surfactants, as well as oxidizing agents. Both activities were improved by the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000 and glycerol. Additionally, the crude enzymes showed excellent stability against various solid and liquid detergents. Wash performance analysis revealed that the SA crude enzymes exhibited a remarkable efficiency in the removal of a variety type of stains, such as blood, chocolate, coffee and oil. On the other side, SA proteases revealed a potential dehairing activity of animal hide without chemical assistance or fibrous proteins hydrolysis. Thus, considering their promising properties, B. mojavensis SA crude enzymes could be used in several biotechnological bioprocesses. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rational Design of Mini-Cas9 for Transcriptional Activation.

PubMed

Ma, Dacheng; Peng, Shuguang; Huang, Weiren; Cai, Zhiming; Xie, Zhen

2018-04-20

Nuclease dead Cas9 (dCas9) has been widely used for modulating gene expression by fusing with different activation or repression domains. However, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system fused with various effector domains in a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) remains challenging due to the payload limit. Here, we engineered a set of downsized variants of Cas9 including Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9) that retained DNA binding activity by deleting conserved functional domains. We demonstrated that fusing FokI nuclease domain to the N-terminal of the minimal SaCas9 (mini-SaCas9) or to the middle of the split mini-SaCas9 can trigger efficient DNA cleavage. In addition, we constructed a set of compact transactivation domains based on the tripartite VPR activation domain and self-assembled arrays of split SpyTag:SpyCatch peptides, which are suitable for fusing to the mini-SaCas9. Lastly, we produced a single AAV containing the mini-SaCas9 fused with a downsized transactivation domain along with an optimized gRNA expression cassette, which showed efficient transactivation activity. Our results highlighted a practical approach to generate down-sized CRISPR/Cas9 and gene activation systems for in vivo applications.

Development and Application of integrated monitoring platform for the Doppler Weather SA-BAND Radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Q.; Sun, J.; Zhao, C. C.; Chen, H. Y.

2017-10-01

The doppler weather SA-band radar is an important part of modern meteorological observation methods, monitoring the running status of radar and the data transmission is important.This paper introduced the composition of radar system and classification of radar data,analysed the characteristics and laws of the radar when is normal or abnormal. Using Macromedia Dreamweaver and PHP, developed the integrated monitoring platform for the doppler weather SA-band radar which could monitor the real-time radar system running status and important performance indicators such as radar power,status parameters and others on Web page,and when the status is abnormal it will trigger the audio alarm.

Ventricular tachycardia storm originating from interventricular septum successfully treated with surgical cryoablation with electroanatomic and electrophysiological mapping before dual valve replacement.

PubMed

Kawamura, Iwanari; Fukamizu, Seiji; Miyazawa, Satoshi; Hojo, Rintaro; Ito, Fusahiko; Watanabe, Masazumi; Nishizaki, Mitsuhiro; Sakurada, Harumizu; Hiraoka, Masayasu

2018-02-01

A 58-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted with heart failure. He had a history of two catheter ablation procedures for ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the intraventricular septum (IVS). Before dual valve replacement (DVR), he suffered a VT storm. An electrophysiological study revealed an extended low-voltage area at the IVS with the exit of the induced VT at the anterior side. Radiofrequency application was performed at the VT exit as a landmark for surgical cryoablation (SA). During the DVR, SA was performed at the IVS using this landmark. After SA, the patient had no ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

Thera-Band application changes muscle activity and kyphosis and scapular winging during knee push-up plus in subjects with scapular winging: The cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Shin, A-Reum; Lee, Ji-Hyun; Kim, Da-Eun; Cynn, Heon-Seock

2018-04-01

Scapular winging (SW) is defined as increased prominence of the whole medial border of the scapula. Many researchers recently recommended knee push-up plus (KPP) for enhancing serratus anterior (SA) activation. However, during push-up plus, thoracic kyphosis (TK) may usually occur as a compensatory movement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Thera-Band application during KPP on rectus abdominis (RA) activity, TK angle (TKA), SA activity, and amount of SW in subjects with SW.Fifteen subjects performed KPP with Thera-Band applied to different posterior body parts (no Thera-Band, in the occiput, and in the thoracic region). Electromyography was used to record the RA and SA activities. Image J software was used to calculate the compensatory TKA during KPP, and a scapulometer was used to measure SW in the quadruped position. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for significance.KPP with Thera-Band in the occiput showed significantly lower RA activity (P = .001) and TKA (P < .001) than KPP with no Thera-Band. SA activity (P = .020, P = .047) and SW (P < .001, P < .001) were significantly lower with Thera-Band applied to the occiput and thoracic regions than in KPP with no Thera-Band.Thera-Band applied to the occiput and thorax can be beneficial as it decreases RA and SA muscle activity and reduces TKA and SW during KPP in subjects with SW.

Exploring Situational Awareness in Diagnostic Errors in Primary Care

PubMed Central

Singh, Hardeep; Giardina, Traber Davis; Petersen, Laura A.; Smith, Michael; Wilson, Lindsey; Dismukes, Key; Bhagwath, Gayathri; Thomas, Eric J.

2013-01-01

Objective Diagnostic errors in primary care are harmful but poorly studied. To facilitate understanding of diagnostic errors in real-world primary care settings using electronic health records (EHRs), this study explored the use of the Situational Awareness (SA) framework from aviation human factors research. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted involving reviews of EHR data followed by semi-structured interviews of selected providers from two institutions in the US. The study population included 380 consecutive patients with colorectal and lung cancers diagnosed between February 2008 and January 2009. Using a pre-tested data collection instrument, trained physicians identified diagnostic errors, defined as lack of timely action on one or more established indications for diagnostic work-up for lung and colorectal cancers. Twenty-six providers involved in cases with and without errors were interviewed. Interviews probed for providers' lack of SA and how this may have influenced the diagnostic process. Results Of 254 cases meeting inclusion criteria, errors were found in 30 (32.6%) of 92 lung cancer cases and 56 (33.5%) of 167 colorectal cancer cases. Analysis of interviews related to error cases revealed evidence of lack of one of four levels of SA applicable to primary care practice: information perception, information comprehension, forecasting future events, and choosing appropriate action based on the first three levels. In cases without error, the application of the SA framework provided insight into processes involved in attention management. Conclusions A framework of SA can help analyze and understand diagnostic errors in primary care settings that use EHRs. PMID:21890757

Alleviation of salt stress in lemongrass by salicylic acid.

PubMed

Idrees, Mohd; Naeem, M; Khan, M Nasir; Aftab, Tariq; Khan, M Masroor A; Moinuddin

2012-07-01

Soil salinity is one of the key factors adversely affecting the growth, yield, and quality of crops. A pot study was conducted to find out whether exogenous application of salicylic acid could ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud. Wats.). Two Cymbopogon varieties, Krishna and Neema, were used in the study. Three salinity levels, viz, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl, were applied to 30-day-old plants. Salicylic acid (SA) was applied as foliar spray at 10(-5) M concentration. Totally, six SA-sprays were carried out at 10-day intervals, following the first spray at 30 days after sowing. The growth parameters were progressively reduced with the increase in salinity level; however, growth inhibition was significantly reduced by the foliar application of SA. With the increase in salt stress, a gradual decrease in the activities of carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase was observed in both the varieties. SA-treatment not only ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl but also showed a significant improvement in the activities of these enzymes compared with the untreated stressed-plants. The plants supplemented with NaCl exhibited a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, proline content, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase activity. Content and yield of essential oil was also significantly decreased in plants that received salinity levels; however, SA overcame the unfavorable effects of salinity stress to a considerable extent. Lemongrass variety Krishna was found to be more adapted to salt stress than Neema, as indicated by the overall performance of the two varieties under salt conditions.

In Vivo Cardiotoxicity Induced by Sodium Aescinate in Zebrafish Larvae.

PubMed

Liang, Jinfeng; Jin, Wangdong; Li, Hongwen; Liu, Hongcui; Huang, Yanfeng; Shan, Xiaowen; Li, Chunqi; Shan, Letian; Efferth, Thomas

2016-02-23

Sodium aescinate (SA) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic. To date, no toxicity or adverse events in SA have been reported, by using routine models (in vivo or in vitro), which are insufficient to predict all aspects of its pharmacological and toxicological actions. In this study, taking advantage of transparent zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), we evaluated cardiovascular toxicity of SA at doses of 1/10 MNLC, 1/3 MNLC, MNLC and LC10 by yolk sac microinjection. The qualitative and quantitative cardiotoxicity in zebrafish was assessed at 48 h post-SA treatment, using specific phenotypic endpoints: heart rate, heart rhythm, heart malformation, pericardial edema, circulation abnormalities, thrombosis and hemorrhage. The results showed that SA at 1/10 MNLC and above doses could induce obvious cardiac and pericardial malformations, whilst 1/3 MNLC and above doses could induce significant cardiac malfunctions (heart rate and circulation decrease/absence), as compared to untreated or vehicle-treated control groups. Such cardiotoxic manifestations occurred in more than 50% to 100% of all zebrafish treated with SA at MNLC and LC10. Our findings have uncovered the potential cardiotoxicity of SA for the first time, suggesting more attention to the risk of its clinical application. Such a time- and cost-saving zebrafish cardiotoxicity assay is very valid and reliable for rapid prediction of compound toxicity during drug research and development.

Micellar-mediated binding interaction between proflavine hemisulfate and salicylic acid: spectroscopic insights and its analytical application.

PubMed

Patil, Dhanshri T; Mokashi, Vidya V; Kolekar, Govind B; Patil, Shivajirao R

2013-01-01

The molecular interactions between salicylic acid (SA) and proflavin hemisulfate (PF) were investigated using fluorescence and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy in an aqueous micellar environment. Changes in the absorption spectra of SA in the presence of PF indicate a ground state interaction between salicylate and proflavine hemisulfate ions to form a complex. The excitation bands of SA monitored at its emission wavelength reveal a red spectral shift of 8390.54 and 2037.75 cm(-1) when compared with absorption bands. The intensity of both excitation bands decreased in the presence of increasing amounts of PF. The absence of excitation bands of PF rules out the possibility of its direct excitation and suggests energy transfer from excited SA to PF, resulting in quenching of the SA fluorescence. The fluorescence quenching results were found to fit the well-known Stern-Volmer (S-V) relation. S-V plots at different temperatures were used to further evaluate thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G, ∆H and ΔS. The thermodynamic and kinetic data obtained from the quenching results were used to investigate the possible mechanism of binding, the nature of the binding force and the distance between SA and PF molecules. The linear relation between SA fluorescence quenching and PF concentration used to develop an analytical method for the determination of PF from Lorexane (a veterinary cream) using a fluorescence quenching method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Low concentrations of salicylic acid delay methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence by up-regulating nitric oxide synthase activity.

PubMed

Ji, Yingbin; Liu, Jian; Xing, Da

2016-09-01

In plants, extensive efforts have been devoted to understanding the crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in pathogen defenses, but this crosstalk has scarcely been addressed during senescence. In this study, the effect of SA application on methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced leaf senescence was assessed. We found that low concentrations of SA (1-50 μM) played a delayed role against the senescence promoted by MeJA. Furthermore, low concentrations of SA enhanced plant antioxidant defenses and restricted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in MeJA-treated leaves. When applied simultaneously with MeJA, low concentrations of SA triggered a nitric oxide (NO) burst, and the elevated NO levels were linked to the nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1)-dependent pathway via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The ability of SA to up-regulate plant antioxidant defenses, reduce ROS accumulation, and suppress leaf senescence was lost in NO-deficient Atnoa1 plants. In a converse manner, exogenous addition of NO donors increased the plant antioxidant capacity and lowered the ROS levels in MeJA-treated leaves. Taken together, the results indicate that SA at low concentrations counteracts MeJA-induced leaf senescence through NOA1-dependent NO signaling and strengthening of the antioxidant defense. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Standardization of a Safing and Arming Device for Artillery Ammunition

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-10-01

designated by other author- ized documents. UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dala Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ...establish the physical and military requirements. Design studies were initiated on the current S&A devices. • DD FOR’* •’*• 1 JAN 73 1473...A developer. In the design of any mechanism, a precise definition of S&A requirements for all fuze applications is required prior to development

Modification of Lime Mortars with Synthesized Aluminosilicates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loganina, Valentina I.; Sadovnikova, Marija E.; Jezierski, Walery; Małaszkiewicz, Dorota

2017-10-01

The increasing attention for restoration of buildings of historical and architectural importance has increased the interest for lime-based binders, which could be applied for manufacturing repair mortars and plasters compatible with historical heritage. Different additives, admixtures or fibers may be incorporated to improve mechanical and thermal features of such materials. In this study synthesized aluminosilicates (SA) were applied as an additive for lime mortar. The technology of synthesis consisted in the deposition of aluminosilicates from a sodium liquid glass by the aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3. The goal of this investigation was developing a new method of aluminosilicates synthesis from a sodium liquid glass and using this new material as a component for a lime mortar. Aluminosilicates were precipitated from the solution of aluminum sulphate Al2(SO)3 and sodium silicate. SA were then used as an additive to calcareous compositions and their influence was tested. Mortars were prepared with commercial air lime and siliceous river sand. Air lime binder was replaced by 5 and 10 wt.% of SA. Calcareous composition specimens were formed at water/lime ratio 1.0. The following analyses were made: grain size distribution of SA, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), sorption properties, plastic strength and compressive strength of lime mortars. XRD pattern of the SA shows the presence of thenardite, gibbsite and amorphous phase represented by aggregate of nano-size cristobalite-like crystallites. Application of SA leads to increase of compressive strength after 90 days of hardening by 28% and 53% at SA content 5 and 10% respectively comparing to specimens without this additive. Contents of chemically bound lime in the reference specimens after 28 days of hardening in air-dry conditions was 46.5%, while in specimens modified with SA contained 50.0-55.3% of bound lime depending on filtrate pH. This testifies to high activity of calcareous composition. The new blended lime mortar was developed based on SA. SA in lime composites turned out to be effective as structure-forming additive, both plastic and compressive strength increased after addition of SA.

Use of verbal autopsy and social autopsy in humanitarian crises

PubMed Central

Balabanova, Dina

2018-01-01

Introduction Two billion people live in countries affected by conflict, violence and fragility. These are exceptional situations in which mortality shifts dramatically and in which civil registration and vital statistics systems are often weakened or cease to function. Verbal autopsy and social autopsy (VA and SA) are methods used to assign causes of death and understand the contexts in which these occur, in settings where information is otherwise unavailable. This review sought to explore the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises, with a focus on how these approaches are used to inform policy and programme responses. Methods A rapid scoping review was conducted on the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises in low and middle-income countries since 1991. Drawing on a maximum variation approach, two settings of application (‘application contexts’) were selected and investigated via nine semi-structured expert interviews. Results VA can determine causes of death in crisis-affected populations where no other registration system is in place. Combined with SA and active community involvement, these methods can deliver a holistic view of obstacles to seeking and receiving essential healthcare, yielding context-specific information to inform appropriate responses. The contexts in which VA and SA are used require adaptations to standard tools, and new mobile developments in VA raise specific ethical considerations. Furthermore, collecting and sythesising data in a timely, continuous manner, and ensuring coordination and communication between agencies, is important to realise the potential of these approaches. Conclusion VA and SA are valuable research methods to foster evidence-informed responses for populations affected by humanitarian crises. When coordinated and communicated effectively, data generated through these methods can help to identify levels, causes and circumstances of deaths among vulnerable groups, and can enable planning and allocating resources effectively, potentially improving health system resilience to future crises. PMID:29736275

Free Fatty Acid Effects on the Atrial Myocardium: Membrane Ionic Currents Are Remodeled by the Disruption of T-Tubular Architecture

PubMed Central

O’Connell, Ryan P.; Musa, Hassan; Gomez, Mario San Martin; Avula, Uma Mahesh; Herron, Todd J.; Kalifa, Jerome; Anumonwo, Justus M. B.

2015-01-01

Background Epicardial adiposity and plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and obesity, with potentially detrimental effects on myocardial function. As major components of epicardial fat, FFAs may be abnormally regulated, with a potential to detrimentally modulate electro-mechanical function. The cellular mechanisms underlying such effects of FFAs are unknown. Objective To determine the mechanisms underlying electrophysiological effects of palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) FFAs on sheep atrial myocytes. Methods We used electrophysiological techniques, numerical simulations, biochemistry and optical imaging to examine the effects of acutely (≤ 15 min), short-term (4–6 hour) or 24-hour application of individual FFAs (10 μM) on isolated ovine left atrial myocytes (LAMs). Results Acute and short-term incubation in FFAs resulted in no differences in passive or active properties of isolated left atrial myocytes (LAMs). 24-hour application had differential effects depending on the FFA. PA did not affect cellular passive properties but shortened (p<0.05) action potential duration at 30% repolarization (APD30). APD50 and APD80 were unchanged. SA had no effect on resting membrane potential but reduced membrane capacitance by 15% (p<0.05), and abbreviated APD at all values measured (p≤0.001). OA did not significantly affect passive or active properties of LAMs. Measurement of the major voltage-gated ion channels in SA treated LAMs showed a ~60% reduction (p<0.01) of the L-type calcium current (ICa-L) and ~30% reduction (p<0.05) in the transient outward potassium current (ITO). A human atrial cell model recapitulated SA effects on APD. Optical imaging showed that SA incubated for 24 hours altered t-tubular structure in isolated cells (p<0.0001). Conclusions SA disrupts t-tubular architecture and remodels properties of membrane ionic currents in sheep atrial myocytes, with potential implications in arrhythmogenesis. PMID:26274906

Free Fatty Acid Effects on the Atrial Myocardium: Membrane Ionic Currents Are Remodeled by the Disruption of T-Tubular Architecture.

PubMed

O'Connell, Ryan P; Musa, Hassan; Gomez, Mario San Martin; Avula, Uma Mahesh; Herron, Todd J; Kalifa, Jerome; Anumonwo, Justus M B

2015-01-01

Epicardial adiposity and plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and obesity, with potentially detrimental effects on myocardial function. As major components of epicardial fat, FFAs may be abnormally regulated, with a potential to detrimentally modulate electro-mechanical function. The cellular mechanisms underlying such effects of FFAs are unknown. To determine the mechanisms underlying electrophysiological effects of palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) FFAs on sheep atrial myocytes. We used electrophysiological techniques, numerical simulations, biochemistry and optical imaging to examine the effects of acutely (≤ 15 min), short-term (4-6 hour) or 24-hour application of individual FFAs (10 μM) on isolated ovine left atrial myocytes (LAMs). Acute and short-term incubation in FFAs resulted in no differences in passive or active properties of isolated left atrial myocytes (LAMs). 24-hour application had differential effects depending on the FFA. PA did not affect cellular passive properties but shortened (p<0.05) action potential duration at 30% repolarization (APD30). APD50 and APD80 were unchanged. SA had no effect on resting membrane potential but reduced membrane capacitance by 15% (p<0.05), and abbreviated APD at all values measured (p≤0.001). OA did not significantly affect passive or active properties of LAMs. Measurement of the major voltage-gated ion channels in SA treated LAMs showed a ~60% reduction (p<0.01) of the L-type calcium current (ICa-L) and ~30% reduction (p<0.05) in the transient outward potassium current (ITO). A human atrial cell model recapitulated SA effects on APD. Optical imaging showed that SA incubated for 24 hours altered t-tubular structure in isolated cells (p<0.0001). SA disrupts t-tubular architecture and remodels properties of membrane ionic currents in sheep atrial myocytes, with potential implications in arrhythmogenesis.

Dollar Summary of Prime Contract Awards by State, Place, and Contractor, FY84, Part 2 (Air Force Academy, Colorado-Zion, Illinois).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

THEODORE AND COMPANY 32 32 HOLDING HAROLD R 71 71 INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS CORP 297 297 J & R CONSTRUCTION CO INC 94 94 KETCHUM KONKEL & AUSTIN 10 150 MC...TELECOM INC 510 510 DATA SYSTEMS MARKETING 26 26 DUGGAN PETROLEUM CO INC 3,249 3,249 HONEYWELL INC 3,581 267 2,400 830 INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS CORP 424 424...FORCE DLA OCE ODA SANDERSVILLE PRENTISS DRUG & CHEMICAL CO 89 89 TOTAL - SANDERSVILLE 744 744 SAVANNAH A C S CONSTRUCTION CO MISS 550 550 A J C INTL

Acute Effects of Anticholinesterase Agents on Pupillary Function

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-16

Neuropharmacology, 24(4):325-328, 1985. Richardson, J.S., T.G. Mattio and E. Giacobini, Amitriptyline and imipramine inhibit the release of...Gidcobini 217, 785-2185 Satellite meeting of Intl. Soc. Neuro - - chem., Iraklion, Crete, Greece 5/26-29/85 THE ISOLATEO IRIS AS A :IODEL OF AG13G...104 t" lil 9( f H aid "Itti .&i kilo, Sf61014 WR(I Artv 400.4*f914 4 1qitlt il.911 l eo 14 11 1..4 14 h *ttl4 4fotIogoto tIritl f ol r e s ("ol i 46 f

The role of calcium, silicon and salicylic acid treatment in protection of canola plants against boron toxicity stress.

PubMed

Metwally, Ashraf M; Radi, Abeer A; El-Shazoly, Rasha M; Hamada, Afaf M

2018-01-22

Boron (B) toxicity often limits crop yield and the quality of production in agricultural areas. Here, we investigated the effects of calcium (Ca), silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) on development of B toxicity, B allocation in canola (Brassica napus cultivar Sarw 4) and its role in non-enzymatic antioxidants in relation to yield of this cultivar under B toxicity. Canola seedlings were subjected to four B levels induced by boric acid in the absence or presence of Ca, Si and SA. The results showed that Ca, Si and SA addition ameliorated the inhibition in canola growth, water content (WC), and improved siliqua number, siliqua weight and seed index. The B content in shoots and roots and total B accumulation in the whole plant were increased in control plants under B-toxicity-stress, and these parameters were significantly decreased by addition of Ca, Si and SA. The shoot ascorbate pool (ascorbate, AsA, and dehydroascorbate, DHA), α-tocopherol and phenolics (free and bound) were increased under B toxicity, and were significantly decreased in most cases by addition of Ca, Si and SA, except α-tocopherol, which increased at low B levels (0, 25 and 50 mg kg soil -1 ). The glutathione content did not obviously change by B stress, while added Ca, Si and SA inhibited its accumulation under B stress. In addition, B toxicity reduced the shoot flavonoids content; however, this reduction was not alleviated by the use of Ca, Si and SA treatments. It could be concluded that growth and yield of canola plants grown under high B concentration improved after external application of Ca, Si or SA.

Mechanistic link between uptake of sulfonamides and bacteriostatic effect: model development and application to experimental data from two soil microorganisms.

PubMed

Focks, Andreas; Klasmeier, Jörg; Matthies, Michael

2010-07-01

Sulfonamides (SA) are antibiotic compounds that are widely used as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. They are not rapidly biodegradable and have been detected in various environmental compartments. Effects of sulfonamides on microbial endpoints in soil have been reported from laboratory incubation studies. Sulfonamides inhibit the growth of sensitive microorganisms by competitive binding to the dihydropteroate-synthase (DHPS) enzyme of folic acid production. A mathematical model was developed that relates the extracellular SA concentration to the inhibition of the relative bacterial growth rate. Two factors--the anionic accumulation factor (AAF) and the cellular affinity factor (CAF)--determine the effective concentration of an SA. The AAF describes the SA uptake into bacterial cells and varies with both the extra- and intracellular pH values and with the acidic pKa value of an SA. The CAF subsumes relevant cellular and enzyme properties, and is directly proportional to the DHPS affinity constant for an SA. Based on the model, a mechanistic dose-response relationship is developed and evaluated against previously published data, where differences in the responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Panthoea agglomerans toward changing medium pH values were found, most likely as a result of their diverse pH regulation. The derived dose-response relationship explains the pH and pKa dependency of mean effective concentration values (EC50) of eight SA and two soil bacteria based on AAF and CAF values. The mathematical model can be used to extrapolate sulfonamide effects to other pH values and to calculate the CAF as a pH-independent measure for the SA effects on microbial growth. Copyright (c) 2010 SETAC.

Simultaneous extraction of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid from human plasma and simultaneous estimation by liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry detection. Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

PubMed

Nirogi, Ramakrishna; Kandikere, Vishwottam; Mudigonda, Koteshwara; Ajjala, Devender; Suraneni, Ramakrishna; Thoddi, Parthasarathi

2011-01-01

A simple analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in atmospheric chemical ionization mode (APCI) for the simultaneous estimation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) and its active metabolite salicylic acid (SA, CAS 69-72-7) in human plasma has been developed and validated. ASA and SA were analyzed simultaneously despite differences in plasma concentration ranges of ASA and SA after oral administration of ASA. In spite of having different chemical, ionization and chromatographic properties, ASA and SA were extracted simultaneously from the plasma sample using acetonitrile protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes were separated on a reversed phase column with rapid gradient program using mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate buffer and methanol. The structural analogue diclofenac was used as an internal standard. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions m/z 179 --> 137 for ASA, m/z 137 --> 65 for SA and m/z 294 --> 250 for IS were used. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.02-10 microg/mL for ASA and 0.1-50 microg/mL for SA. The between-batch precision (%CV) ranged from 2.1 to 7.9% for ASA and from 0.2 to 5.2% for SA. The between-batch accuracy ranged from 95.4 to 96.7% for ASA and from 94.6 to 111.3% for SA. The validated method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of ASA after single oral administration of 650 mg test formulation versus two 325 mg reference formulations of ASA in human subjects.

Acute Trauma Factor Associations With Suicidality Across the First 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury.

PubMed

Kesinger, Matthew R; Juengst, Shannon B; Bertisch, Hillary; Niemeier, Janet P; Krellman, Jason W; Pugh, Mary Jo; Kumar, Raj G; Sperry, Jason L; Arenth, Patricia M; Fann, Jesse R; Wagner, Amy K

2016-08-01

To determine whether severity of head and extracranial injuries (ECI) is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Factors associated with SI and SA were assessed in this inception cohort study using data collected 1, 2, and 5 years post-TBI from the National Trauma Data Bank and Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) databases. Level I trauma centers, inpatient rehabilitation centers, and the community. Participants with TBI from 15 TBIMS Centers with linked National Trauma Data Bank trauma data (N=3575). Not applicable. SI was measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (question 9). SA in the last year was assessed via interview. ECI was measured by the Injury Severity Scale (nonhead) and categorized as none, mild, moderate, or severe. There were 293 (8.2%) participants who had SI without SA and 109 (3.0%) who had SA at least once in the first 5 years postinjury. Random effects logit modeling showed a higher likelihood of SI when ECI was severe (odds ratio=2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-4.82; P=.001). Drug use at time of injury was also associated with SI (odds ratio=1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.86; P=.015). Severity of ECI was not associated with SA. Severe ECI carried a nearly 3-fold increase in the odds of SI after TBI, but it was not related to SA. Head injury severity and less severe ECI were not associated with SI or SA. These findings warrant additional work to identify factors associated with severe ECI that make individuals more susceptible to SI after TBI. Copyright © 2016 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Does Salicylic Acid (SA) Improve Tolerance to Salt Stress in Plants? A Study of SA Effects On Tomato Plant Growth, Water Dynamics, Photosynthesis, and Biochemical Parameters.

PubMed

Mimouni, Hajer; Wasti, Salma; Manaa, Arafet; Gharbi, Emna; Chalh, Abdellah; Vandoorne, Bertrand; Lutts, Stanley; Ben Ahmed, Hela

2016-03-01

Environmental stresses such as salinity directly impact crop growth, and by extension, world food supply and societal prosperity. It is estimated that over 800 million hectares of land throughout the world are salt-affected. In arid and semi-arid regions, salt concentration can be close to that in the seawater. Hence, there are intensive efforts to improve plant tolerance to salinity and other environmental stressors. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule for modulating plant responses to stress. In the present study, we examined, on multiple plant growth related endpoints, whether SA applied through the rooting medium could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Marmande. The latter is a hitherto understudied tomato plant from the above perspective; it is a classic variety that produces the large ribbed tomatoes in the Mediterranean and consumed worldwide. We found salt stress negatively affected the growth of cv. Marmande tomato plants. However, the SA-treated plants had greater shoot and root dry mass, leaf area compared to untreated plants when exposed to salt stress. Application of SA restores photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic pigment levels under salt (NaCl) exposure. Leaf water, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance transpiration rate, and biochemical parameters were also ameliorated in SA-treated plants under saline stress conditions. Overall, these data illustrate that SA increases cv. Marmande tomato growth by improving photosynthesis, regulation and balance of osmotic potential, induction of compatible osmolyte metabolism, and alleviating membrane damage. We suggest salicylic acid might be considered as a potential growth regulator to improve tomato plant salinity stress resistance, in the current era of global climate change.

Complex sleep apnoea in congestive heart failure.

PubMed

Bitter, Thomas; Westerheide, Nina; Hossain, Mohammed Sajid; Lehmann, Roman; Prinz, Christian; Kleemeyer, Astrid; Horstkotte, Dieter; Oldenburg, Olaf

2011-05-01

Sleep disordered breathing is common and of prognostic significance in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Complex sleep apnoea (complexSA) is defined as the emergence of central sleep apnoea during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors for complexSA in patients with CHF with OSA, and to assess the effects of treatment with adaptive servoventilation. 192 patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥2) and OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥15) were investigated using echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, measurement of hyperoxic, hypercapnic ventilatory response, 6 min walk test and measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) prior to CPAP introduction. If patients demonstrated complexSA (AHI >15/h with <10% obstructive events) during CPAP titration, adaptive servoventilation was introduced and the investigations were repeated at 3 monthly follow-up visits. ComplexSA developed in 34 patients (18%) during CPAP titration. After adjustment for demographic and cardiac parameters, measures of CO(2) sensitivity (higher hyperoxic, hypercapnic ventilatory response) were independently associated with complexSA. Patients using adaptive servoventilation had improved AHI, NYHA class, NT-proBNP concentration, LVEF, hyperoxic, hypercapnic ventilatory response, oxygen uptake during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the relationship between minute ventilation and the rate of CO(2) elimination (VE/Vco(2) slope) at last individual follow-up (14±4 months). There is a high prevalence of complexSA in patients with OSA and CHF, and those who develop complexSA have evidence of higher respiratory controller gain before application of CPAP. Treatment with adaptive servoventilation effectively suppressed complexSA and had positive effects on cardiac function and respiratory stability.

Salicylic acid binding of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain components and plays a role in basal defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tomato.

PubMed

Liao, Yangwenke; Tian, Miaoying; Zhang, Huan; Li, Xin; Wang, Yu; Xia, Xiaojian; Zhou, Jie; Zhou, Yanhong; Yu, Jingquan; Shi, Kai; Klessig, Daniel F

2015-02-01

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion. SA-induced viral defense in plants is distinct from the pathways mediating bacterial and fungal defense and involves a specific pathway mediated by mitochondria; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The SA-binding activity of the recombinant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (Slα-kGDH) E2 subunit of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was characterized. The biological role of this binding in plant defenses against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was further investigated via Slα-kGDH E2 silencing and transient overexpression in plants. Slα-kGDH E2 was found to bind SA in two independent assays. SA treatment, as well as Slα-kGDH E2 silencing, increased resistance to TMV. SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato plants but did reduce TMV susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently overexpressing Slα-kGDH E2. Furthermore, Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistance was fully blocked by bongkrekic acid application and alternative oxidase 1a silencing. These results indicated that binding by Slα-kGDH E2 of SA acts upstream of and affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which plays an important role in basal defense against TMV. The findings of this study help to elucidate the mechanisms of SA-induced viral defense. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

78 FR 24191 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

.... Applicants: Alta Wind X, LLC, Alta Wind XI, LLC, Alta Windpower Development, LLC. Description: Application... Alta Wind X, LLC, et al. Filed Date: 4/15/13. Accession Number: 20130415-5207. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET.... Applicants: Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. Description: 04-15-2013 SA 2455 DEGS Wind...

Femtosecond solid-state laser based on a few-layered black phosphorus saturable absorber.

PubMed

Su, Xiancui; Wang, Yiran; Zhang, Baitao; Zhao, Ruwei; Yang, Kejian; He, Jingliang; Hu, Qiangqiang; Jia, Zhitai; Tao, Xutang

2016-05-01

In this Letter, a high-quality, few-layered black phosphorus (BP) saturable absorber (SA) was fabricated successfully, and a femtosecond solid-state laser modulated by BP-SA was experimentally demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Pulses as short as 272 fs were achieved with an average output power of 0.82 W, corresponding to the pulse energy of 6.48 nJ and peak power of 23.8 MW. So far, these represent the shortest pulse duration and highest output power ever obtained with a BP-based mode-locked solid-state laser. The results indicate the promising potential of few-layered BP-SA for applications in solid-state femtosecond mode-locked lasers.

Formation Design Strategy for SCOPE High-Elliptic Formation Flying Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsuda, Yuichi

2007-01-01

The new formation design strategy using simulated annealing (SA) optimization is presented. The SA algorithm is useful to survey a whole solution space of optimum formation, taking into account realistic constraints composed of continuous and discrete functions. It is revealed that this method is not only applicable for circular orbit, but also for high-elliptic orbit formation flying. The developed algorithm is first tested with a simple cart-wheel motion example, and then applied to the formation design for SCOPE. SCOPE is the next generation geomagnetotail observation mission planned in JAXA, utilizing a formation flying techonology in a high elliptic orbit. A distinctive and useful heuristics is found by investigating SA results, showing the effectiveness of the proposed design process.

Improving situation awareness with the Android Team Awareness Kit (ATAK)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usbeck, Kyle; Gillen, Matthew; Loyall, Joseph; Gronosky, Andrew; Sterling, Joshua; Kohler, Ralph; Hanlon, Kelly; Scally, Andrew; Newkirk, Richard; Canestrare, David

2015-05-01

To make appropriate, timely decisions in the field, Situational Awareness (SA) needs to be conveyed in a decentralized manner to the users at the edge of the network as well as at operations centers. Sharing real-time SA efficiently between command centers and operational troops poses many challenges, including handling heterogeneous and dynamic networks, resource constraints, and varying needs for the collection, dissemination, and display of information, as well as recording that information. A mapping application that allows teams to share relevant geospatial information efficiently and to communicate effectively with one another and command centers has wide applicability to many vertical markets across the Department of Defense, as well as a wide variety of federal, state local, and non-profit agencies that need to share locations, text, photos, and video. This paper describes the Android Team Awareness Kit (ATAK), an advanced, distributed tool for commercial- off-the-shelf (COTS) mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. ATAK provides a variety of useful SA functions for soldiers, law enforcement, homeland defense, and civilian collaborative use; including mapping and navigation, range and bearing, text chat, force tracking, geospatial markup tools, image and file sharing, video playback, site surveys, and many others. This paper describes ATAK, the SA tools that ATAK has built-in, and the ways it is being used by a variety of military, homeland security, and law enforcement users.

Preparation and characterization of electrospun alginate/PLA nanofibers as tissue engineering material by emulsion eletrospinning.

PubMed

Xu, Weihong; Shen, Renzhe; Yan, Yurong; Gao, Jie

2017-01-01

Scaffolds made by biomaterials offer favorite environment for cell grow and show a wide potential application in tissue engineering. Novel biocompatibility materials polylatic acid (PLA) nanofiber membranes with favorable biocompatibility and good mechanical strength could serve as an innovative tissue engineering scaffold. Sodium alginate (SA) could be used in biomedical areas because of its anti-bacterial property, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. In this article, we chose PLA as continuous phase and SA as dispersion phase to prepare a W/O emulsion and then electrospun it to get a SA/PLA composite nanofiber membranes. The CLSM images illustrated that the existence of SA was located on the surface of composite fibers and the FTIR results confirmed the result. A calcium ion replacement step was used as an after-treatment for SA/PLA nanofiber membranes in order to anchor the alginic ion in a form of gelated calcium alginate (CA). The single fiber tensile test shows a good mechanical property of CA/PLA nanofiber membranes, and the nanofiber membranes are beneficial for cell proliferation and differentiation owing to MTT array as well as Alizarin red S (ARS) staining test. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Production optimization of sucker rod pumping wells producing viscous oil in Boscan field, Venezuela

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guirados, C.; Sandoval, J.; Rivas, O.

1995-12-31

Boscan field is located in the western coast of Maracaibo lake and is operated by Maraven S.A., affiliate of Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. It has 315 active wells, 252 of which are produced with sucker rod pumping. Other artificial lift methods currently applied in this field are hydraulic (piston) pumping (39 wells) and ESP (24 wells). This paper presents the results of the production optimization of two sucker rod pumping wells of Boscan field producing viscous oil. This optimization has been possible due to the development of a new production scheme and the application of system analysis in completion design.more » The new production scheme involves the utilization of a subsurface stuffing box assembly and a slotted housing, both designed and patented by Intevep S.A., affiliate of Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. The completion design method and software used in the optimization study were also developed by Intevep S.A. The new production scheme and design method proved to be effective in preventing the causes of the above mentioned problems, allowing the increase of oil production under better operating conditions.« less

Weasel works SA-150: Design study of a 100 to 150 passenger transport aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alkema, Kevin; Comeaux, Michael; Gilbert, Timothy; Para, Victor; Toepfer, George

1993-01-01

As the year 2000 rapidly approaches, the airlines are faced with an extremely competitive and environmentally restrictive marketplace. In order to survive, commercial air carriers will need to find new ways to lower their direct operating costs, increase load factors and comply with tightening federal and international constraints. The SA-150 has been designed to meet these demands by focusing on the areas of aerodynamic efficiency, an improved level of passenger comfort, and a limited application of advanced technology. The SA-150 has been optimized for a 500 nmi. mission to help the airlines meet the challenges of the short haul, quick turnaround flight. With a maximum capacity of 124 passengers, and full baggage, the SA-150 is also capable of covering a range of 1500 nmi. This additional range capability will provide the airlines with flexibility when scheduling their routes. The aircraft features a 'V' tail, fly-by-wire system and is powered by two turbofans mounted under a twelve aspect ratio wing. The SA-150 will have an initial production run of 800 units and have a purchase price of $37.7 million in 1993 dollars.

Hexadimethrine-montmorillonite nanocomposite: Characterization and application as a pesticide adsorbent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gámiz, B.; Hermosín, M. C.; Cornejo, J.; Celis, R.

2015-03-01

The goal of this work was to prepare and characterize a novel functional material by the modification of SAz-1 montmorillonite with the cationic polymer hexadimethrine (SA-HEXAD), and to explore the potential use of this nanocomposite as a pesticide adsorbent. Comparative preparation and characterization with the well-known hexadecyltrimethylammonium-modified SAz-1 montmorillonite (SA-HDTMA) was also assessed. The characterization was performed by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), physisorption of N2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Z potential measurements. The characterization and adsorption experiments showed that the extent of pesticide adsorption was markedly subjected to the structure and features of the surface of each organo-clay and also to the nature of the considered pesticide. SA-HEXAD displayed a high affinity for anionic pesticides which, presumably, were adsorbed by electrostatic attraction on positively-charged ammonium groups of the polymer not directly interacting with the clay. In contrast, SA-HDTMA displayed great adsorption of both uncharged and anionic pesticides with predominance of hydrophobic interactions. This work provided information about the surface properties of a new organic-inorganic nanohybrid material, SA-HEXAD, and its potential as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Effects of water storage on bond strength and dentin sealing ability promoted by adhesive systems.

PubMed

Cantanhede de Sá, Renata Bacelar; Oliveira Carvalho, Adriana; Puppin-Rontani, Regina Maria; Ambrosano, Glaúcia Maria; Nikaido, Toru; Tagami, Junji; Giannini, Marcelo

2012-12-01

To evaluate the dentin bond strength (BS) and sealing ability (SA) promoted by adhesive systems after 24 h or 6 months of water storage. The tested adhesive systems were: one three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, SBMP) and three single-step self-etching systems (Adper Easy Bond, Bond Force, and G-Bond Plus). Bovine incisors were used for both evaluations, BS (n = 11) and SA (n = 5). To examine BS, the buccal surface was ground with SiC paper to expose a flat dentin surface. After adhesive application, a block of resin composite was incrementally built up over the bonded surface and sectioned into sticks. These bonded specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength testing after 24 h and 6 months of water storage using a universal testing machine. For SA analysis, enamel was removed from the buccal surfaces. The teeth were connected to a device to measure the initial SA (10 psi), and the second measurement was taken after treating dentin with EDTA. Afterwards, the adhesive systems were applied to dentin and the SA was re-measured for each adhesive after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. The SA was expressed in terms of percentage of dentinal sealing. BS and SA data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). All adhesives showed a reduction of SA after 6 months of water storage. The SA promoted by self-etching adhesives was higher than that of SBMP. No adhesive system showed a reduction of the BS after 6 months. Sealing ability was affected by water storage, while no changes in microtensile bond strength were observed after 6 months of water storage. The single-step self-etching systems showed greater sealing ability than did SBMP, even after 6 months of storage in water.

Both the Jasmonic Acid and the Salicylic Acid Pathways Contribute to Resistance to the Biotrophic Clubroot Agent Plasmodiophora brassicae in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Lemarié, Séverine; Robert-Seilaniantz, Alexandre; Lariagon, Christine; Lemoine, Jocelyne; Marnet, Nathalie; Jubault, Mélanie; Manzanares-Dauleux, Maria J; Gravot, Antoine

2015-11-01

The role of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in resistance to root pathogens has been poorly documented. We assessed the contribution of SA and JA to basal and partial resistance of Arabidopsis to the biotrophic clubroot agent Plasmodiophora brassicae. SA and JA levels as well as the expression of the SA-responsive genes PR2 and PR5 and the JA-responsive genes ARGAH2 and THI2.1 were monitored in infected roots of the accessions Col-0 (susceptible) and Bur-0 (partially resistant). SA signaling was activated in Bur-0 but not in Col-0. The JA pathway was weakly activated in Bur-0 but was strongly induced in Col-0. The contribution of both pathways to clubroot resistance was then assessed using exogenous phytohormone application and mutants affected in SA or JA signaling. Exogenous SA treatment decreased clubroot symptoms in the two Arabidopsis accessions, whereas JA treatment reduced clubroot symptoms only in Col-0. The cpr5-2 mutant, in which SA responses are constitutively induced, was more resistant to clubroot than the corresponding wild type, and the JA signaling-deficient mutant jar1 was more susceptible. Finally, we showed that the JA-mediated induction of NATA1 drove N(δ)-acetylornithine biosynthesis in infected Col-0 roots. The 35S::NATA1 and nata1 lines displayed reduced or enhanced clubroot symptoms, respectively, thus suggesting that in Col-0 this pathway was involved in the JA-mediated basal clubroot resistance. Overall, our data support the idea that, depending on the Arabidopsis accession, both SA and JA signaling can play a role in partial inhibition of clubroot development in compatible interactions with P. brassicae. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Avocado roots treated with salicylic acid produce phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), a compound with antifungal activity.

PubMed

Rangel-Sánchez, Gerardo; Castro-Mercado, Elda; García-Pineda, Ernesto

2014-02-15

We demonstrated the ability of salicylic acid (SA) to induce a compound in avocado roots that strengthens their defense against Phytophthora cinnamomi. The SA content of avocado roots, before and after the application of exogenous SA, was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). After 4h of SA feeding, the endogenous level in the roots increased to 223 μg g(-1) FW, which was 15 times the amount found in control roots. The methanolic extract obtained from SA-treated avocado roots inhibited the radial growth of P. cinnamomi. A thin layer chromatographic bioassay with the methanolic extract and spores of Aspergillus showed a distinct inhibition zone. The compound responsible for the inhibition was identified as phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the substance reduced germinative tube length in Aspergillus and radial growth of P. cinnamomi. A commercial preparation of phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) caused the same effects on mycelium morphology and radial growth as our isolate, confirming the presence of this compound in the root extracts. This is the first report of the induction of this compound in plants by SA, and the results suggest that it plays an important role in the defense response of avocado. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Advanced Environmental Barrier Coating and SA Tyrannohex SiC Composites Integration for Improved Thermomechanical and Environmental Durability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhu, Dongming; Halbig, Michael; Singh, Mrityunjay

2018-01-01

The development of 2700 degF capable environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems, particularly, the Rare Earth "Hafnium" Silicon bond coat systems, have significantly improved the temperature capability and environmental stability of SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite Systems. We have specifically developed the advanced 2700 degF EBC systems, integrating the EBC to the high temperature SA Tyrannohex SiC fiber composites, for comprehensive performance and durability evaluations for potential turbine engine airfoil component applications. The fundamental mechanical properties, environmental stability and thermal gradient cyclic durability performance of the EBC - SA Tyrannohex composites were investigated. The paper will particularly emphasize the high pressure combustion rig recession, cyclic thermal stress resistance and thermomechanical low cycle fatigue testing of uncoated and environmental barrier coated Tyrannohex SiC SA composites in these simulated turbine engine combustion water vapor, thermal gradients, and mechanical loading conditions. We have also investigated high heat flux and flexural fatigue degradation mechanisms, determined the upper limits of operating temperature conditions for the coated SA composite material systems in thermomechanical fatigue conditions. Recent progress has also been made by using the self-healing rare earth-silicon based EBCs, thus enhancing the SA composite hexagonal fiber columns bonding for improved thermomechanical and environmental durability in turbine engine operation environments. More advanced EBC- composite systems based on the new EBC-Fiber Interphases will also be discussed.

Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krause, A.; Nehls, T.; George, E.; Kaupenjohann, M.

2015-11-01

Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. In a practice oriented field experiment at an Andosol site in NW Tanzania, the effects of various soil amendments (standard compost, urine, biogas slurry and CaSa-compost [biochar and sanitized human excreta]) on (i) the productivity of locally grown crop species, on (ii) the plants' nutrient status and on (iii) the soil's physico-chemical properties were studied. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil moisture, so the observed variation in crop yield and plant nutrition reflected differences in nutrient availability. The application of CaSa-compost increased the level of available P in the top-soil from 0.5 to 4.4 mg kg-1 and the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9. Treatment with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost increased the above-ground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha-1, compared to only 1.10 t ha-1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa-compost was especially effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as substitute for synthetic fertilizers. However, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the loop can be closed.

Effects of salicylic acid on thermotolerance and cardenolide accumulation under high temperature stress in Digitalis trojana Ivanina.

PubMed

Cingoz, Gunce Sahin; Gurel, Ekrem

2016-08-01

Long periods of high temperature or transitory increased temperature, a widespread agricultural problem, may lead to a drastic reduction in economic yield, affecting plant growth and development in many areas of the world. Heat stress causes many anatomical and physiological changes in plants. Its unfavorable effects can be alleviated by thermotolerance induced by exogenous application of plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants or by gradual application of temperature stress. Digitalis trojana Ivanina is an important medicinal plant species well known mainly for its cardenolides. The production of cardenolides via traditional agriculture is commercially inadequate. In this study, elicitation strategies were employed for improving crop thermotolerance and accumulation of cardenolides. For these purposes, the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and/or high temperature treatments in inducing cardenolide accumulation and thermotolerance were tested in callus cultures of D. trojana. Considerable increases in the production of cardenolides (up to 472.28 μg.g(-1) dry weight, dw) and induction of thermotolerance capacity were observed when callus cultures were exposed to high temperature for 2 h after pretreating with SA. High temperature treatments (2 h and 4 h) caused a marked reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activities, while SA pretreatment increased their activities. High temperature and/or SA appeared to increase the levels of proline, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. Elevated phenolic accumulation could be associated with increased stress protection. These results indicated that SA treatments induced synthesis of antioxidants and cardenolides, which may play a significant role in resistance to high temperature stress. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Clinical application of MRI-respiratory gating technology in the evaluation of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

PubMed

Zeng, Guohui; Teng, Yaoshu; Zhu, Jin; Zhu, Darong; Yang, Bin; Hu, Linping; Chen, Manman; Fu, Xiao

2018-01-01

The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-respiratory gating technology for assessing illness severity in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).MRI-respiratory gating technology was used to scan the nasopharyngeal cavities of 51 children diagnosed with OSAHS during 6 respiratory phases. Correlations between the ratio of the area of the adenoid to the area of the nasopalatine pharyngeal cavity (Sa/Snp), with the main indexes of polysomnography (PSG), were analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and Kappa analysis were used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Sa/Snp in pediatric OSAHS.The Sa/Snp was positively correlated with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (P < .001) and negatively correlated with the lowest oxygen saturation of blood during sleep (LaSO2) (P < .001). ROC analysis in the 6 respiratory phases showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the Sa/Snp in the end-expiratory phase was the largest (0.992, P < .001), providing a threshold of 69.5% for the diagnosis of severe versus slight-moderate OSAHS in children. Consistency analysis with the AHI showed a diagnosis accordance rate of 96.0% in severe pediatric OSAHS and 96.2% in slight-moderate pediatric OSAHS (Kappa = 0.922, P < .001).Stenosis of the nasopalatine pharyngeal cavity in children with adenoidal hypertrophy was greatest at the end-expiration phase during sleep. The end-expiratory Sa/Snp obtained by a combination of MRI and respiratory gating technology has potential as an important imaging index for diagnosing and evaluating severity in pediatric OSAHS.

Much ado about SEA/SA monitoring: The performance of English Regional Spatial Strategies, and some German comparisons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanusch, Marie; Glasson, John

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) seeks to better integrate environmental considerations into the preparation and decision-making process of plans and programmes with a view to promoting sustainable development. Further to application of the European Directive 2001/42/EC (SEA Directive) in 2004, the body of practical SEA experience, and parallel research, has increased steadily. Yet there is a crucial element of SEA which cannot build on much experience but whose importance will grow over time - namely that of SEA monitoring. The paper explores the application of SEA monitoring for English Regional Spatial Strategies (RSSs). It briefly introduces the role of SEA monitoringmore » and its legal requirements, the English approach of integrating SEA into Sustainability Appraisal (SA) and the nature of the current English Regional Planning context. The main part presents the research findings and discusses how practitioners cope with the challenges of SEA/SA monitoring - with guiding questions: why, what, who, how, when, and with what outcomes? Reflecting that monitoring is just about to start, the paper draws on measures envisaged for monitoring in the SA reports prepared for RSS, and on expert interviews. It identifies monitoring trends and highlights workable approaches as well as shortcomings. For a critical reflection the findings are mirrored briefly with SEA monitoring approaches of German Regional Plans. Although it is still early days for such monitoring, the findings indicate that there is a danger that some of the specific requirements and objectives of SEA/SA monitoring are not fully met, mainly due to insufficient databases, inappropriate institutional conditions and limited personnel and financial resources. Some recommendations are offered in conclusion.« less

Detection and monitoring of flexural cracks in reinforced concrete beams using mounted smart aggregate transducers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taghavipour, S.; Kharkovsky, S.; Kang, W.-H.; Samali, B.; Mirza, O.

2017-10-01

Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the capability and reliability of the use of Smart Aggregate (SA) transducers to monitor reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However, they mainly focused on the applications of embedded SAs to new structural members, while no major attention was paid to the monitoring of existing RC members using externally mounted SAs. In this paper, a mounted SA-based approach is proposed for a real-time health monitoring of existing RC beams. The proposed approach is verified through monitoring of RC beams under flexural loading, on each of which SA transducers are mounted as an actuator and sensors. The experimental results show that the proposed SA-based approach effectively evaluates the cracking status of RC beams in terms of the peak of power spectral density and damage indexes obtained at multiple sensor locations. It is also shown that the proposed sensor system can also capture a precautionary signal for major cracking.

Solving Fuzzy Optimization Problem Using Hybrid Ls-Sa Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasant, Pandian

2011-06-01

Fuzzy optimization problem has been one of the most and prominent topics inside the broad area of computational intelligent. It's especially relevant in the filed of fuzzy non-linear programming. It's application as well as practical realization can been seen in all the real world problems. In this paper a large scale non-linear fuzzy programming problem has been solved by hybrid optimization techniques of Line Search (LS), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Pattern Search (PS). As industrial production planning problem with cubic objective function, 8 decision variables and 29 constraints has been solved successfully using LS-SA-PS hybrid optimization techniques. The computational results for the objective function respect to vagueness factor and level of satisfaction has been provided in the form of 2D and 3D plots. The outcome is very promising and strongly suggests that the hybrid LS-SA-PS algorithm is very efficient and productive in solving the large scale non-linear fuzzy programming problem.

Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations of PNP from Streptococcus agalactiae.

PubMed

Caceres, Rafael Andrade; Saraiva Timmers, Luis Fernando; Dias, Raquel; Basso, Luiz Augusto; Santos, Diogenes Santiago; de Azevedo, Walter Filgueira

2008-05-01

This work describes for the first time a structural model of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Streptococcus agalactiae (SaPNP). PNP catalyzes the cleavage of N-ribosidic bonds of the purine ribonucleosides and 2-deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of inorganic orthophosphate as a second substrate. This enzyme is a potential target for the development of antibacterial drugs. We modeled the complexes of SaPNP with 15 different ligands in order to determine the structural basis for the specificity of these ligands against SaPNP. The application of a novel empirical scoring function to estimate the affinity of a ligand for a protein was able to identify the ligands with high affinity for PNPs. The analysis of molecular dynamics trajectory for SaPNP indicates that the functionally important motifs have a very stable structure. This new structural model together with a novel empirical scoring function opens the possibility to explorer larger library of compounds in order to identify the new inhibitors for PNPs in virtual screening projects.

Application of positron annihilation lineshape analysis to fatigue damage and thermal embrittlement for nuclear plant materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uchida, M.; Ohta, Y.; Nakamura, N.

1995-08-01

Positron annihilation (PA) lineshape analysis is sensitive to detect microstructural defects such as vacancies and dislocations. The authors are developing a portable system and applying this technique to nuclear power plant material evaluations; fatigue damage in type 316 stainless steel and SA508 low alloy steel, and thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steel. The PA technique was found to be sensitive in the early fatigue life (up to 10%), but showed a little sensitivity for later stages of the fatigue life in both type 316 stainless steel and SA508 ferritic steel. Type 316 steel showed a higher PA sensitivity than SA508more » since the initial SA508 microstructure already contained a high dislocation density in the as-received state. The PA parameter increased as a fraction of aging time in CF8M samples aged at 350 C and 400 C, but didn`t change much in CF8 samples.« less

Foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid alter the pattern of root acquisition of some minerals in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

PubMed Central

Ghazijahani, Noushin; Hadavi, Ebrahim; Jeong, Byoung R.

2014-01-01

The effect of foliar application of two levels of citric acid (CA; 0 and 7 mM) and two levels of salicylic acid (SA; 0 and 1 mM) combined with two levels of nutrient solution strength (full strength and half strength) on mineral acquisition by sweet basil were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design arrangement with three replications. SA alone reduced the plant height and thickened the stem. Plants supplied with a full strength solution had a ticker stem, produced more biomass, and showed higher values of Fv/Fm. Some changes in the uptake pattern of some nutrients, especially boron and sulfur, were noticed. Higher boron concentrations in leaves were in plants sprayed with a combination of 7 mM CA and 1 mM of SA. Applying combination of CA and SA was more effective than using them individually that suggests an effective synergism between them. PMID:25400645

Large-area tungsten disulfide for ultrafast photonics.

PubMed

Yan, Peiguang; Chen, Hao; Yin, Jinde; Xu, Zihan; Li, Jiarong; Jiang, Zike; Zhang, Wenfei; Wang, Jinzhang; Li, Irene Ling; Sun, Zhipei; Ruan, Shuangchen

2017-02-02

Two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest in various optoelectronic applications due to their excellent nonlinear optical properties. One of the most important applications of TMDs is to be employed as an extraordinary optical modulation material (e.g., the saturable absorber (SA)) in ultrafast photonics. The main challenge arises while embedding TMDs into fiber laser systems to generate ultrafast pulse trains and thus constraints their practical applications. Herein, few-layered WS 2 with a large-area was directly transferred on the facet of the pigtail and acted as a SA for erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) systems. In our study, WS 2 SA exhibited remarkable nonlinear optical properties (e.g., modulation depth of 15.1% and saturable intensity of 157.6 MW cm -2 ) and was used for ultrafast pulse generation. The soliton pulses with remarkable performances (e.g., ultrashort pulse duration of 1.49 ps, high stability of 71.8 dB, and large pulse average output power of 62.5 mW) could be obtained in a telecommunication band. To the best of our knowledge, the average output power of the mode-locked pulse trains is the highest by employing TMD materials in fiber laser systems. These results indicate that atomically large-area WS 2 could be used as excellent optical modulation materials in ultrafast photonics.

Canonical-ensemble state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) strategy for problems with more diabatic than adiabatic states: Charge-bond resonance in monomethine cyanines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olsen, Seth, E-mail: seth.olsen@uq.edu.au

2015-01-28

This paper reviews basic results from a theory of the a priori classical probabilities (weights) in state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) models. It addresses how the classical probabilities limit the invariance of the self-consistency condition to transformations of the complete active space configuration interaction (CAS-CI) problem. Such transformations are of interest for choosing representations of the SA-CASSCF solution that are diabatic with respect to some interaction. I achieve the known result that a SA-CASSCF can be self-consistently transformed only within degenerate subspaces of the CAS-CI ensemble density matrix. For uniformly distributed (“microcanonical”) SA-CASSCF ensembles, self-consistency is invariant tomore » any unitary CAS-CI transformation that acts locally on the ensemble support. Most SA-CASSCF applications in current literature are microcanonical. A problem with microcanonical SA-CASSCF models for problems with “more diabatic than adiabatic” states is described. The problem is that not all diabatic energies and couplings are self-consistently resolvable. A canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF strategy is proposed to solve the problem. For canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF, the equilibrated ensemble is a Boltzmann density matrix parametrized by its own CAS-CI Hamiltonian and a Lagrange multiplier acting as an inverse “temperature,” unrelated to the physical temperature. Like the convergence criterion for microcanonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF, the equilibration condition for canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF is invariant to transformations that act locally on the ensemble CAS-CI density matrix. The advantage of a canonical-ensemble description is that more adiabatic states can be included in the support of the ensemble without running into convergence problems. The constraint on the dimensionality of the problem is relieved by the introduction of an energy constraint. The method is illustrated with a complete active space valence-bond (CASVB) analysis of the charge/bond resonance electronic structure of a monomethine cyanine: Michler’s hydrol blue. The diabatic CASVB representation is shown to vary weakly for “temperatures” corresponding to visible photon energies. Canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF enables the resolution of energies and couplings for all covalent and ionic CASVB structures contributing to the SA-CASSCF ensemble. The CASVB solution describes resonance of charge- and bond-localized electronic structures interacting via bridge resonance superexchange. The resonance couplings can be separated into channels associated with either covalent charge delocalization or chemical bonding interactions, with the latter significantly stronger than the former.« less

Canonical-ensemble state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) strategy for problems with more diabatic than adiabatic states: charge-bond resonance in monomethine cyanines.

PubMed

Olsen, Seth

2015-01-28

This paper reviews basic results from a theory of the a priori classical probabilities (weights) in state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) models. It addresses how the classical probabilities limit the invariance of the self-consistency condition to transformations of the complete active space configuration interaction (CAS-CI) problem. Such transformations are of interest for choosing representations of the SA-CASSCF solution that are diabatic with respect to some interaction. I achieve the known result that a SA-CASSCF can be self-consistently transformed only within degenerate subspaces of the CAS-CI ensemble density matrix. For uniformly distributed ("microcanonical") SA-CASSCF ensembles, self-consistency is invariant to any unitary CAS-CI transformation that acts locally on the ensemble support. Most SA-CASSCF applications in current literature are microcanonical. A problem with microcanonical SA-CASSCF models for problems with "more diabatic than adiabatic" states is described. The problem is that not all diabatic energies and couplings are self-consistently resolvable. A canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF strategy is proposed to solve the problem. For canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF, the equilibrated ensemble is a Boltzmann density matrix parametrized by its own CAS-CI Hamiltonian and a Lagrange multiplier acting as an inverse "temperature," unrelated to the physical temperature. Like the convergence criterion for microcanonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF, the equilibration condition for canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF is invariant to transformations that act locally on the ensemble CAS-CI density matrix. The advantage of a canonical-ensemble description is that more adiabatic states can be included in the support of the ensemble without running into convergence problems. The constraint on the dimensionality of the problem is relieved by the introduction of an energy constraint. The method is illustrated with a complete active space valence-bond (CASVB) analysis of the charge/bond resonance electronic structure of a monomethine cyanine: Michler's hydrol blue. The diabatic CASVB representation is shown to vary weakly for "temperatures" corresponding to visible photon energies. Canonical-ensemble SA-CASSCF enables the resolution of energies and couplings for all covalent and ionic CASVB structures contributing to the SA-CASSCF ensemble. The CASVB solution describes resonance of charge- and bond-localized electronic structures interacting via bridge resonance superexchange. The resonance couplings can be separated into channels associated with either covalent charge delocalization or chemical bonding interactions, with the latter significantly stronger than the former.

Depth distribution of sulfonamide antibiotics in pore water of an undisturbed loamy grassland soil.

PubMed

Burkhardt, Michael; Stamm, Christian

2007-01-01

Despite the concern raised by the detections of veterinary antibiotics like sulfonamides (SA) in the environment, their fate in soils is still not sufficiently understood. In a previous article, we demonstrated that manure may substantially influence losses of SA via runoff from soils. Here, we report on the effect of manure on SA availability in soil pore water. Three sulfonamides (sulfadimidine, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole) and two tracers (bromide and Brilliant Blue) were either applied in manure or as aqueous solution on grassland plots. After 1 and 3 d contact time, the plots were irrigated with deionized water. One day after irrigation, soil cores were taken and profiles of pore water concentrations were determined. The median SA concentrations of the top layer on manured plots varied between 40 and 60 microg L(-1) and between 10 and 30 microg L(-1) on the controls. For the conservative tracer Br the mass recovery was about 60 to 75% and much lower for the SA (2 to 14%). Apparent distribution coefficients K(d,app) of the SA in the topsoil ranged between 3 and 15 L kg(-1) on the manured plots and between 30 to 35 kg L(-1) on the controls. Below the top layer, the concentration distribution showed a pattern typical for preferential flow. Locally, SA concentrations down to 30- to 50-cm depth were as high as in the top 5 cm with little effect of the two application matrices. In the topmost layer, the data indicate that 10 to 25% of sulfadimidine were transformed to its acetyl-metabolite.

Antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sanguinarine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration.

PubMed

Ling, F; Wu, Z-Q; Jiang, C; Liu, L; Wang, G-X

2016-08-01

Sanguinarine (SA), with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against fish pathogens, exhibits great potential commercial use in aquaculture. However, little information on pharmacokinetics of SA restricts further application in aquaculture. In this study, pharmacokinetics of SA in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration [10 mg kg(-1) BW (body weight)] was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak concentration (Cmax ) of SA in kidney was 11.8 μg g(-1) , which was higher than in other tissues and plasma. The terminal half-life in fish tissue and plasma was as follows: 42.3 h (kidney) > 37.2 h (liver) > 20.1 h (gill) > 18.8 h (muscle) > 10.9 h (spleen) > 10.0 h (plasma). Additionally, we determined the bacterial loads in tissues of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila after i.p. administration of SA at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) BW. The results showed that i.p. administration of SA at 10 mg kg(-1) BW significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against A. hydrophila, where the antibacterial ratio in the gill, kidney, spleen and liver on day 5 was 95.13%, 93.33%, 90.09% and 92.82%, respectively. Overall, these results suggested the potential of SA to treat A. hydrophila infection in common carp farming industry. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Materials Selection Criteria for Nuclear Power Applications: A Decision Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Prieto, Álvaro; Camacho, Ana María; Sebastián, Miguel Ángel

2016-02-01

An innovative methodology based on stringency levels is proposed in this paper and improves the current selection method for structural materials used in demanding industrial applications. This paper describes a new approach for quantifying the stringency of materials requirements based on a novel deterministic algorithm to prevent potential failures. We have applied the new methodology to different standardized specifications used in pressure vessels design, such as SA-533 Grade B Cl.1, SA-508 Cl.3 (issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers), DIN 20MnMoNi55 (issued by the German Institute of Standardization) and 16MND5 (issued by the French Nuclear Commission) specifications and determine the influence of design code selection. This study is based on key scientific publications on the influence of chemical composition on the mechanical behavior of materials, which were not considered when the technological requirements were established in the aforementioned specifications. For this purpose, a new method to quantify the efficacy of each standard has been developed using a deterministic algorithm. The process of assigning relative weights was performed by consulting a panel of experts in materials selection for reactor pressure vessels to provide a more objective methodology; thus, the resulting mathematical calculations for quantitative analysis are greatly simplified. The final results show that steel DIN 20MnMoNi55 is the best material option. Additionally, more recently developed materials such as DIN 20MnMoNi55, 16MND5 and SA-508 Cl.3 exhibit mechanical requirements more stringent than SA-533 Grade B Cl.1. The methodology presented in this paper can be used as a decision tool in selection of materials for a wide range of applications.

Toxicology of isoproturon to the food crop wheat as affected by salicylic acid.

PubMed

Liang, Lu; Lu, Yan Li; Yang, Hong

2012-07-01

Isoproturon, a herbicide belonging to the phenylurea family, is widely used to kill weeds in soils. Recent study indicated that isoproturon has become a contaminant in ecosystems due to its intensive use, thus bringing environmental risks to crop production safety. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the components in plant defense signaling pathways and regulates diverse physiological responses to biotic and environmental stresses. The purpose of the study is to help to understand how SA mediates the biological process in wheat under isoproturon stress. Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum, cv. Yangmai 13) were surface-sterilized and placed on moist filter paper for germination. After 24 h, the germinating seeds were placed on a plastic pot (1 L) containing 1,120 g soil mixed with isoproturon at 4 mg kg(-1) soil. After 4 days, wheat leaves were sprayed with 5 mg L(-1) SA. The SA treatment was undertaken once a day and lasted for 6 days, when the third true leaf was well developed. For control seedlings, only water was sprayed. Seedlings were grown under a light intensity of 300 µmol m(-2) s(-1) with a light/dark cycle of 12/12 h at 25°C, and watered to keep 70% relative water content in soils. We investigated the role of SA in alleviating isoproturon-induced toxicity in the food crop wheat (T. aestivum). Plants exposed to 4 mg kg(-1) isoproturon showed growth stunt and oxidative damage, but concomitant treatment with 5 mg L(-1) SA was able to attenuate the toxic effect. Isoproturon in soils was readily accumulated by wheat, but such accumulation can be blocked significantly by SA application. Treatment with SA decreased the abundance of O(2) (.-) and H(2)O(2), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increased activities of catalase in isoproturon-exposed plants. The enzyme activities were confirmed by the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Further, an RT-PCR-based assay was performed to show that several transcripts coding antioxidant enzymes were increased with isoproturon but decreased by SA. The present results indicate that exogenous SA is able to improve the wheat tolerance to isoproturon toxicity.

Virulence factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains from periurban areas of Lima (Peru).

PubMed

Lluque, Angela; Mosquito, Susan; Gomes, Cláudia; Riveros, Maribel; Durand, David; Tilley, Drake H; Bernal, María; Prada, Ana; Ochoa, Theresa J; Ruiz, Joaquim

2015-01-01

The study was aimed to describe the serotype, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants in Shigella spp. isolated from Peruvian children. Eighty three Shigella spp. were serogrouped and serotyped being established the antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 12 virulence factors (VF) and integrase 1 and 2, along with commonly found antibiotic resistance genes was established by PCR. S. flexneri was the most relevant serogroup (55 isolates, 66%), with serotype 2a most frequently detected (27 of 55, 49%), followed by S. boydii and S. sonnei at 12 isolates each (14%) and S. dysenteriae (four isolates, 5%). Fifty isolates (60%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) including 100% of S. sonnei and 64% of S. flexneri. Resistance levels were high to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), tetracycline (74%), ampicillin (67%), and chloramphenicol (65%). Six isolates showed decreased azithromycin susceptibility. No isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or ceftriaxone. The most frequent resistance genes were sul2 (95%), tet(B) (92%), cat (80%), dfrA1 (47%), blaOXA-1like (40%), with intl1 and intl2 detected in 51 and 52% of the isolates, respectively. Thirty-one different VF profiles were observed, being the ipaH (100%), sen (77%), virA and icsA (75%) genes the most frequently found. Differences in the prevalence of VF were observed between species with S. flexneri isolates, particularly serotype 2a, possessing high numbers of VF. In conclusion, this study highlights the high heterogeneity of Shigella VF and resistance genes, and prevalence of MDR organisms within this geographic region. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Responsibility Determinations of Department of Defense Environmental Cleanup Contractors: Caveat Vendori

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

114 b. DE FACTO SUSPENSIONS/DEBARMENTS ............ 117 c. INTEGRITY & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACTS ........ 119 7. COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS...Dec. 28, 1973); Comp. Gen. Dec. B-135718, 37 Comp. Gen. 798 (May 28, 1958). 294 4 C.F.R. S 21.3(m)(5) (1991); Ingenieria Y Construcciones, S.A., B...Marathon Watch Co., Ltd., B-247043, Apr. 23, 1992, 92- 1 CPD 11 384; Ingenieria Y Construcciones, S.A., B-241043, Dec. 28, 1990, 90-2 CPD 1 524; Garten-und

CALIBRATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND SENSITIVITY AND UNCERTAINTY ALGORITHMS APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (COSU-API)

EPA Science Inventory

The Application Programming Interface (API) for Uncertainty Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, and Parameter Estimation (UA/SA/PE API) tool development, here fore referred to as the Calibration, Optimization, and Sensitivity and Uncertainty Algorithms API (COSU-API), was initially d...

Simulated parallel annealing within a neighborhood for optimization of biomechanical systems.

PubMed

Higginson, J S; Neptune, R R; Anderson, F C

2005-09-01

Optimization problems for biomechanical systems have become extremely complex. Simulated annealing (SA) algorithms have performed well in a variety of test problems and biomechanical applications; however, despite advances in computer speed, convergence to optimal solutions for systems of even moderate complexity has remained prohibitive. The objective of this study was to develop a portable parallel version of a SA algorithm for solving optimization problems in biomechanics. The algorithm for simulated parallel annealing within a neighborhood (SPAN) was designed to minimize interprocessor communication time and closely retain the heuristics of the serial SA algorithm. The computational speed of the SPAN algorithm scaled linearly with the number of processors on different computer platforms for a simple quadratic test problem and for a more complex forward dynamic simulation of human pedaling.

75 FR 70736 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-18

...: EC10-98-000. Applicants: GDF Suez S.A., International Power PLC. Description: Supplemental Affidavit of...., International Power plc and its Indicated United States Subsidiaries. Filed Date: 10/29/2010. Accession Number... Generation Holdings, LLC. Description: TPF Generation Holdings, LLC submits an application for authorization...

Risk adjustment alternatives in paying for behavioral health care under Medicaid.

PubMed Central

Ettner, S L; Frank, R G; McGuire, T G; Hermann, R C

2001-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of various risk adjustment models in behavioral health applications such as setting mental health and substance abuse (MH/SA) capitation payments or overall capitation payments for populations including MH/SA users. DATA SOURCES/STUDY DESIGN: The 1991-93 administrative data from the Michigan Medicaid program were used. We compared mean absolute prediction error for several risk adjustment models and simulated the profits and losses that behavioral health care carve outs and integrated health plans would experience under risk adjustment if they enrolled beneficiaries with a history of MH/SA problems. Models included basic demographic adjustment, Adjusted Diagnostic Groups, Hierarchical Condition Categories, and specifications designed for behavioral health. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Differences in predictive ability among risk adjustment models were small and generally insignificant. Specifications based on relatively few MH/SA diagnostic categories did as well as or better than models controlling for additional variables such as medical diagnoses at predicting MH/SA expenditures among adults. Simulation analyses revealed that among both adults and minors considerable scope remained for behavioral health care carve outs to make profits or losses after risk adjustment based on differential enrollment of severely ill patients. Similarly, integrated health plans have strong financial incentives to avoid MH/SA users even after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Current risk adjustment methodologies do not eliminate the financial incentives for integrated health plans and behavioral health care carve-out plans to avoid high-utilizing patients with psychiatric disorders. PMID:11508640

Salicylic acid promotes plant growth and salt-related gene expression in Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae) grown under different salt stress conditions.

PubMed

Zheng, Jian; Ma, Xiaohua; Zhang, Xule; Hu, Qingdi; Qian, Renjuan

2018-03-01

Salt stress is a critical factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule that mitigates the negative effects of salt stress on plants. To elucidate salt tolerance in large pink Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae) and the regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA on D. superbus under different salt stresses, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate leaf biomass, leaf anatomy, soluble protein and sugar content, and the relative expression of salt-induced genes in D. superbus under 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% NaCl conditions with and without 0.5 mM SA. The result showed that exposure of D. superbus to salt stress lead to a decrease in leaf growth, soluble protein and sugar content, and mesophyll thickness, together with an increase in the expression of MYB and P5CS genes. Foliar application of SA effectively increased leaf biomass, soluble protein and sugar content, and upregulated the expression of MYB and P5CS in the D. superbus , which facilitated in the acclimation of D. superbus to moderate salt stress. However, when the plants were grown under severe salt stress (0.9% NaCl), no significant difference in plant physiological responses and relevant gene expression between plants with and without SA was observed. The findings of this study suggest that exogenous SA can effectively counteract the adverse effects of moderate salt stress on D. superbus growth and development.

Whiteflies interfere with indirect plant defense against spider mites in Lima bean

PubMed Central

Zhang, Peng-Jun; Zheng, Si-Jun; van Loon, Joop J. A.; Boland, Wilhelm; David, Anja; Mumm, Roland; Dicke, Marcel

2009-01-01

Plants under herbivore attack are able to initiate indirect defense by synthesizing and releasing complex blends of volatiles that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. However, little is known about how plants respond to infestation by multiple herbivores, particularly if these belong to different feeding guilds. Here, we report the interference by a phloem-feeding insect, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, with indirect plant defenses induced by spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants. Additional whitefly infestation of spider-mite infested plants resulted in a reduced attraction of predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) compared to attraction to plants infested by spider mites only. This interference is shown to result from the reduction in (E)-β-ocimene emission from plants infested by both spider mites and whiteflies. When using exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application to mimic B. tabaci infestation, we observed similar results in behavioral and chemical analyses. Phytohormone and gene-expression analyses revealed that B. tabaci infestation, as well as SA application, inhibited spider mite-induced jasmonic acid (JA) production and reduced the expression of two JA-regulated genes, one of which encodes for the P. lunatus enzyme β-ocimene synthase that catalyzes the synthesis of (E)-β-ocimene. Remarkably, B. tabaci infestation concurrently inhibited SA production induced by spider mites. We therefore conclude that in dual-infested Lima bean plants the suppression of the JA signaling pathway by whitefly feeding is not due to enhanced SA levels. PMID:19965373

Metabolic pathways regulated by abscisic acid, salicylic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid in association with improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera).

PubMed

Li, Zhou; Yu, Jingjin; Peng, Yan; Huang, Bingru

2017-01-01

Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are known to play roles in regulating plant stress responses. This study was conducted to determine metabolites and associated pathways regulated by ABA, SA and GABA that could contribute to drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants were foliar sprayed with ABA (5 μM), GABA (0.5 mM) and SA (10 μM) or water (untreated control) prior to 25 days drought stress in controlled growth chambers. Application of ABA, GABA or SA had similar positive effects on alleviating drought damages, as manifested by the maintenance of lower electrolyte leakage and greater relative water content in leaves of treated plants relative to the untreated control. Metabolic profiling showed that ABA, GABA and SA induced differential metabolic changes under drought stress. ABA mainly promoted the accumulation of organic acids associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle (aconitic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and malic acid). SA strongly stimulated the accumulation of amino acids (proline, serine, threonine and alanine) and carbohydrates (glucose, mannose, fructose and cellobiose). GABA enhanced the accumulation of amino acids (GABA, glycine, valine, proline, 5-oxoproline, serine, threonine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and organic acids (malic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, malonic acid and ribonic acid). The enhanced drought tolerance could be mainly due to the enhanced respiration metabolism by ABA, amino acids and carbohydrates involved in osmotic adjustment (OA) and energy metabolism by SA, and amino acid metabolism related to OA and stress-defense secondary metabolism by GABA. © 2016 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

Decision-making authority and substance abuse treatment for adolescents: a survey of state laws.

PubMed

Lallemont, Tori; Mastroianni, Anna; Wickizer, Thomas M

2009-04-01

State laws concerning decision-making authority for voluntary inpatient substance abuse (SA) treatment of minors may be a potential barrier to appropriate treatment. We sought to identify and classify relevant laws related to the provision of voluntary inpatient SA treatment to adolescents 12 to 17 years (minors) as an exploratory assessment to improve understanding of how these laws might affect treatment decisions. In summer 2006, we conducted a survey of statutes, regulations, and legal cases in the 50 states and the District of Columbia regarding the authority of parents (or guardians) and minors to make treatment decisions for voluntary inpatient SA treatment. All 50 states have laws applicable to voluntary inpatient SA treatment for adolescents, and the laws vary significantly throughout the nation. If a minor and parent disagree about SA treatment, some states defer to the decision-making authority of the minor, whereas other states defer to the parent. Most significantly, the majority of states fail to specify whether the minor's or the parent's decision will control in the event of a conflict. The lack of clarity in state laws regarding decision-making authority for voluntary inpatient SA treatment of minors may create a potential barrier to treatment for adolescents, especially those with more serious SA problems. This lack of clarity could lead to confusion among parents, adolescents, healthcare professionals, and treatment facilities, and ultimately could result in a failure to treat adolescents in need of medical attention. Policymakers should ensure that state laws clearly specify procedures to enable treatment if a conflict arises between adolescents and parents, including procedures to ensure that the due process rights of adolescents are protected.

Improving the organic and biological fouling resistance and removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products through nanofiltration by using in situ radical graft polymerization.

PubMed

Lin, Yi-Li; Tsai, Chia-Cheng; Zheng, Nai-Yun

2018-09-01

In this study, an insitu radical graft polarization technique using monomers of 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPM) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was applied to a commercial nanofiltration membrane (NF90) to improve its removal of six commonly detected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and mitigate organic and biological fouling by humic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA). Compared with the virgin membrane, the modified NF90 membrane exhibited considerably improved fouling resistance and an increased reversible fouling percentage, especially for SA+HA composite fouling Moreover, the PPCP removal of the modified NF90 membrane was higher than that of the virgin membrane after SA and SA+HA fouling, respectively. Triclosan and carbamazepine, which are poorly rejected, could be effectively removed by modified membrane after SA or SA+HA fouling. Both monomers modified the membrane surface by increasing the hydrophilicity and decreasing the contact angle. The degree of grafting was quantified using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mitigation in the fouling was evident from the low quantity of deposit formed on the modified membrane, as observed using scanning electron microscopy. A considerable amount of highly hydrophobic triclosan was adsorbed on the SA-fouled virgin membrane and penetrated through it. By contrast, the adsorption of triclosan was substantially lower in the SPM-modified membrane. After membrane modification, the fouling mechanism changed from solely intermediate blocking to both intermediate blocking and complete blocking after membrane modification. Thus, the in situ radical graft polymerization method effectively reduces organic and biological fouling and provides high PPCP removal, which is beneficial for fouling control and produces permeate of satisfactory quality for application in the field of membrane technology. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transcriptional profile of sweet orange in response to chitosan and salicylic acid.

PubMed

Coqueiro, Danila Souza Oliveira; de Souza, Alessandra Alves; Takita, Marco Aurélio; Rodrigues, Carolina Munari; Kishi, Luciano Takeshi; Machado, Marcos Antonio

2015-04-12

Resistance inducers have been used in annual crops as an alternative for disease control. Wood perennial fruit trees, such as those of the citrus species, are candidates for treatment with resistance inducers, such as salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CHI). However, the involved mechanisms in resistance induced by elicitors in citrus are currently few known. In the present manuscript, we report information regarding the transcriptional changes observed in sweet orange in response to exogenous applications of SA and CHI using RNA-seq technology. More genes were induced by SA treatment than by CHI treatment. In total, 1,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified following treatment with SA, including the important genes WRKY50, PR2, and PR9, which are known to participate in the salicylic acid signaling pathway, and genes involved in ethylene/Jasmonic acid biosynthesis (ACS12, AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, and OPR3). In addition, SA treatment promoted the induction of a subset of genes involved in several metabolic processes, such as redox states and secondary metabolism, which are associated with biotic stress. For CHI treatment, there were 640 DEGs, many of them involved in secondary metabolism. For both SA and CHI treatments, the auxin pathway genes were repressed, but SA treatment promoted induction in the ethylene and jasmonate acid pathway genes, in addition to repressing the abscisic acid pathway genes. Chitosan treatment altered some hormone metabolism pathways. The DEGs were validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data, with a high correlation between the two analyses. We expanded the available information regarding induced defense by elicitors in a species of Citrus that is susceptible to various diseases and identified the molecular mechanisms by which this defense might be mediated.

Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic copolymer stearic acid-coupled F127 nanoparticles for nano-technology based drug delivery system.

PubMed

Gao, Qihe; Liang, Qing; Yu, Fei; Xu, Jian; Zhao, Qihua; Sun, Baiwang

2011-12-01

Pluronic, F127, amphiphilic block copolymers, are used for several applications, including drug delivery systems. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of F127 is about 0.26-0.8 wt% so that the utility of F127 in nano-technology based drug delivery system is limited since the nano-sized micelles could dissociate upon dilution. Herein, stearic acid (SA) was simply coupled to F127 between the carboxyl group of SA and the hydroxyl group of F127, which formed a novel copolymer named as SA-coupled F127, with significantly lower CMC. Above the CMC 6.9 × 10(-5)wt%, SA-coupled F127 self-assembled stable nanoparticles with Zeta potential -36 mV. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanoparticles were made, with drug loading (DL) 5.7 wt% and Zeta potential -36 to -39 mV, and the nanoparticles exhibited distinct shape with the size distribution from 20 to 50 nm. DOX-loaded nanoparticles were relatively stable and exhibited DOX dependant cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells in vitro. These results suggest that SA-coupled F127 potentially could be applied as a nano-technology based drug delivery method. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of thiolated chitosan and preparation nanoparticles with sodium alginate for ocular drug delivery.

PubMed

Zhu, Xuan; Su, Meiqin; Tang, Shaoheng; Wang, Lingsong; Liang, Xinfang; Meng, Feihong; Hong, Ying; Xu, Zhiran

2012-01-01

The goal of the present study was to synthesize mucoadhesive polymer - thiolated chitosan (TCS) from chitosan (CS), then prepared CS/TCS-sodium alginate nanoparticles (CS/TCS-SA NPs), determined which was more potential for ocular drug delivery. A new method for preparing TCS was developed, and the characteristics were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the degree of thiol immobilized was measured by Ellman's reagent. Human corneal epithelium (HCE) cells were incubated with different concentrations of TCS for 48 h to determine the cell viabilities. CS/TCS-SA NPs were prepared and optimized by a modified ionic gelation method. The particle sizes, zeta potentials, Scanning electron microscopy images, mucoadhesion, in vitro cell uptake and in vivo studies of the two types of NP were compared. The new method enabled a high degree of thiol substitution of TCS, up to 1,411.01±4.02 μmol/g. In vitro cytocompatibility results suggest that TCS is nontoxic. Compared to CS-SA NPs, TCS-SA NPs were more stable, with higher mucoadhesive properties and could deliver greater amounts of drugs into HCE cells in vitro and cornea in vivo. TCS-SA NPs have better delivery capability, suggesting they have good potential for ocular drug delivery applications.

Chemical potential and reaction electronic flux in symmetry controlled reactions.

PubMed

Vogt-Geisse, Stefan; Toro-Labbé, Alejandro

2016-07-15

In symmetry controlled reactions, orbital degeneracies among orbitals of different symmetries can occur along a reaction coordinate. In such case Koopmans' theorem and the finite difference approximation provide a chemical potential profile with nondifferentiable points. This results in an ill-defined reaction electronic flux (REF) profile, since it is defined as the derivative of the chemical potential with respect to the reaction coordinate. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a new way for the calculation of the chemical potential based on a many orbital approach, suitable for reactions in which symmetry is preserved. This new approach gives rise to a new descriptor: symmetry adapted chemical potential (SA-CP), which is the chemical potential corresponding to a given irreducible representation of a symmetry group. A corresponding symmetry adapted reaction electronic flux (SA-REF) is also obtained. Using this approach smooth chemical potential profiles and well defined REFs are achieved. An application of SA-CP and SA-REF is presented by studying the Cs enol-keto tautomerization of thioformic acid. Two SA-REFs are obtained, JA'(ξ) and JA'' (ξ). It is found that the tautomerization proceeds via an in-plane delocalized 3-center 4-electron O-H-S hypervalent bond which is predicted to exist only in the transition state (TS) region. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of biochar amendment on the control of soil sulfonamides, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and gene enrichment in lettuce tissues.

PubMed

Ye, Mao; Sun, Mingming; Feng, Yanfang; Wan, Jinzhong; Xie, Shanni; Tian, Da; Zhao, Yu; Wu, Jun; Hu, Feng; Li, Huixin; Jiang, Xin

2016-05-15

Considering the potential threat of vegetables growing in antibiotic-polluted soil with high abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) against human health through the food chain, it is thus urgent to develop novel control technology to ensure vegetable safety. In the present work, pot experiments were conducted in lettuce cultivation to assess the impedance effect of biochar amendment on soil sulfonamides (SAs), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and ARG enrichment in lettuce tissues. After 100 days of cultivation, lettuce cultivation with biochar amendment exhibited the greatest soil SA dissipation as well as the significant improvement of lettuce growth indices, with residual soil SAs mainly existing as the tightly bound fraction. Moreover, the SA contents in roots and new/old leaves were reduced by one to two orders of magnitude compared to those without biochar amendment. In addition, isolate counts for SA-resistant bacterial endophytes in old leaves and sul gene abundances in roots and old leaves also decreased significantly after biochar application. However, neither SA resistant bacteria nor sul genes were detected in new leaves. It was the first study to demonstrate that biochar amendment can be a practical strategy to protect lettuce safety growing in SA-polluted soil with rich ARB and ARGs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Newberry Combined Gravity 2016

DOE Data Explorer

Kelly Rose

2016-01-22

Newberry combined gravity from Zonge Int'l, processed for the EGS stimulation project at well 55-29. Includes data from both Davenport 2006 collection and for OSU/4D EGS monitoring 2012 collection. Locations are NAD83, UTM Zone 10 North, meters. Elevation is NAVD88. Gravity in milligals. Free air and observed gravity are included, along with simple Bouguer anomaly and terrain corrected Bouguer anomaly. SBA230 means simple Bouguer anomaly computed at 2.30 g/cc. CBA230 means terrain corrected Bouguer anomaly at 2.30 g/cc. This suite of densities are included (g/cc): 2.00, 2.10, 2.20, 2.30, 2.40, 2.50, 2.67.

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater SA-T-P models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marion, G. M.; Millero, F. J.; Feistel, R.

2009-07-01

At the present time, little is known about how broad salinity and temperature ranges are for seawater thermodynamic models that are functions of absolute salinity (SA), temperature (T) and pressure (P). Such models rely on fixed compositional ratios of the major components (e.g., Na/Cl, Mg/Cl, Ca/Cl, SO4/Cl, etc.). As seawater evaporates or freezes, solid phases [e.g., CaCO3(s) or CaSO42H2O(s)] will eventually precipitate. This will change the compositional ratios, and these salinity models will no longer be applicable. A future complicating factor is the lowering of seawater pH as the atmospheric partial pressures of CO2 increase. A geochemical model (FREZCHEM) was used to quantify the SA-T boundaries at P=0.1 MPa and the range of these boundaries for future atmospheric CO2 increases. An omega supersaturation model for CaCO3 minerals based on pseudo-homogeneous nucleation was extended from 25-40°C to 3°C. CaCO3 minerals were the boundary defining minerals (first to precipitate) between 3°C (at SA=104 g kg-) and 40°C (at SA=66 g kg-). At 2.82°C, calcite(CaCO3) transitioned to ikaite(CaCO36H2O) as the dominant boundary defining mineral for colder temperatures, which culminated in a low temperature boundary of -4.93°C. Increasing atmospheric CO2 from 385 μatm (390 MPa) (in Year 2008) to 550 μatm (557 MPa) (in Year 2100) would increase the SA and t boundaries as much as 11 g kg-1 and 0.66°C, respectively. The model-calculated calcite-ikaite transition temperature of 2.82°C is in excellent agreement with ikaite formation in natural environments that occurs at temperatures of 3°C or lower. Furthermore, these results provide a quantitative theoretical explanation (FREZCHEM model calculation) for why ikaite is the solid phase CaCO3 mineral that precipitates during seawater freezing.

Salinity/temperature ranges for application of seawater SA-T-P models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marion, G. M.; Millero, F. J.; Feistel, R.

2009-01-01

At the present time, little is known about how broad salinity and temperature ranges are for seawater thermodynamic models that are functions of absolute salinity (SA), temperature (T) and pressure (P). Such models rely on fixed compositional ratios of the major components (e.g. Na/Cl, Mg/Cl, Ca/Cl, SO4/Cl, etc.). As seawater evaporates or freezes, solid phases (e.g. CaCO3(s) or CaSO42H2O(s)) will eventually precipitate. This will change the compositional ratios, and these salinity models will no longer be applicable. A future complicating factor is the lowering of seawater pH as the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase. A geochemical model (FREZCHEM) was used to quantify the SA-T boundaries at P=0.1 MPa and the range of these boundaries for future atmospheric CO2 increases. An omega supersaturation model for CaCO3 minerals based on homogeneous nucleation was extended from 25-40°C to 3°C. CaCO3 minerals were the boundary defining minerals (first to precipitate) between 3°C (at SA=104 g kg-1 and 40°C (at SA=66 g kg-1. At 2.82°C, calcite(CaCO3) transitioned to ikaite(CaCO36H2O) as the dominant boundary defining mineral for colder temperatures, which culminated in a low temperature boundary of -4.93°C. Increasing atmospheric CO2 from 385 μatm (in Year 2008) to 550 μatm (in Year 2100) would increase the SA and t boundaries as much as 11 g kg-1 and 0.66°C, respectively. The model-calculated calcite-ikaite transition temperature of 2.82°C is in excellent agreement with ikaite formation in natural environments that occurs at temperatures of 3°C or lower. Furthermore, these results provide a quantitative theoretical explanation (FREZCHEM model calculations) for why ikaite is the solid phase CaCO3 mineral that precipitates during seawater freezing.

Effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous penetration of salicylic acid in hairless rats: in vivo pharmacokinetics using microdialysis and non-invasive quantification of barrier function.

PubMed

Benfeldt, E; Serup, J

1999-09-01

The penetration of topically applied drugs is altered in diseased or barrier-damaged skin. We used microdialysis in the dermis to measure salicylic acid (SA) penetration in hairless rats following application to normal (unmodified) skin (n = 11) or skin with perturbed barrier function from (1) tape-stripping (n = 5), (2) sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 2% for 24 h (n = 3) or (3) delipidization by acetone (n = 4). Prior to the experiment, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema were measured. Two microdialysis probes were inserted into the dermis on the side of the trunk and 5% SA in ethanol was applied in a chamber overlying the probes. Microdialysis sampling was continued for 4 h, followed by measurements of probe depth by ultrasound scanning. SA was detectable in all samples and rapidly increasing up to 130 min. Microdialysates collected between 80 and 200 min showed mean SA concentrations of 3 microg/ml in unmodified and acetone-treated skin, whereas mean SA concentrations were 280 microg/ml in SLS-pretreated skin and 530 microg/ml in tape-stripped skin (P < 0.001). The penetration of SA correlated with barrier perturbation measured by TEWL (P < 0.001) and erythema (P < 0.001). A correlation between dermal probe depth and SA concentration was found in unmodified skin (P = 0.04). Microdialysis sampling in anatomical regions remote from the dosed site excluded the possibility that SA levels measured were due to systemic absorption. Microdialysis sampling of cutaneous penetration was highly reproducible. Impaired barrier function, caused by irritant dermatitis or tape stripping, resulted in an 80- to 170-fold increase in the drug level in the dermis. This dramatic increase in drug penetration could be relevant to humans, in particular to topical treatment of skin diseases and to occupational toxicology.

Integrated receiver for heterodyne detection dedicated to space applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fleury, Joel; Girard, Olivier; Royer, Michel; Bidaud, Michel

1998-10-01

This paper is devoted to the presentation of an Integrator Dewar Cooling Assembly dedicated to high frequency space applications. SAGEM SA has been a manufacturer of IR InSb and HgCdTe detectors for a long time. These detectors cover a large spectral range. The capability to use HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors for heterodyne applications at 10.6 micrometers has been demonstrated in the frame of ESA and CNES contracts. SAGEM SA has recently developed a new concept of heterodyne receiver, totally integrated, operating at variable temperatures down to 77K, using HgCdTe or InSb photovoltaic detectors. This receiver is an innovative product due to its small volume, its low weight and its low electrical consumption. The miniaturization of this product the latter to be used in space applications, specially for the earth observation missions. The performance of such a receiver with respect of the electrical bandwidth is presented in order to compare it with a receiver for terrestrial or airborne applications based on the use of a laboratory HF dewar.

75 FR 39668 - Intent To Grant a Field of Use Exclusive License of a U.S. Government-Owned Patent Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-12

... intent to grant a field of use exclusive, revocable license for the field of shigella vaccine development... related foreign patent applications (PCT/US2007,007482) to Sanofi Pasteur S.A., with its principal place...

Study on Material Selection of Reactor Pressure Vessel of SCWR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Shuli; Luo, Ying; Yin, Qinwei; Li, Changxiang; Xie, Guofu

This paper first analyzes the feasibility of SA-508 Grade 3 Class 1 Steel as an alternative material for Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). This kind of steel is limited to be applied in SCWR RPV due to its quenching property, though large forging could be accomplished by domestic manufacturers in forging aspect. Therefore, steels with higher strength and better quenching property are needed for SWCR RPV. The chemical component of SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.2 steel is similar to that of SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.1 steel, and more appropriate matching of strength and toughness could be achieved by the adjusting the elements contents, as well as proper control of tempering temperature and time. In light of the fact that Cl.2 steel has been successfully applied to steam generator, it could be an alternative material for SWCR RPV. SA-508 Gr.4N steel with high strength and good toughness is another alternative material for SCWR RPV. But large amount of research work before application is still needed for the lack of data on welding and irradiation etc.

Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate biocomposites for bone implant application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanasan, Nanthini; Adzila, Sharifah; Suid, Mohd Syafiq; Gurubaran, P.

2016-07-01

In biomedical fields, synthetic scaffolds are being improved by using the ceramics, polymers and composites materials to avoid the limitations of allograft. Ceramic-polymer composites are appearing to be the most successful bone graft substitute in human body. The natural bones itself are well-known as composite of collagen and hydroxyapatite. In this research, precipitation method was used to synthesis hydroxyapatite (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) in various parameters. This paper describes the hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate biocomposite which suitable for use in bone defects or regeneration of bone through the characterizations which include FTIR, FESEM, EDS and DTA. In FTIR, the characteristi peaks of PO4-3 and OH- groups which corresponding to hydroxyapatite are existed in the mixing powders. The needle-size particle of hydroxyapatite/ alginate (HA/SA) are observed in FESEM in the range of 15.8nm-38.2nm.EDS confirmed the existence of HA/SA composition in the mixing powders. There is an endothermic peak which corresponds to the dehydration and the loss of physically adsorbed water molecules of the hydroxyapatite (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) powder which are described in DTA.

DL-β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance in soybean against Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

PubMed

Zhong, Yunpeng; Wang, Biao; Yan, Junhui; Cheng, Linjing; Yao, Luming; Xiao, Liang; Wu, Tianlong

2014-01-01

Priming can improve plant innate capability to deal with the stresses caused by both biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, the effect of DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) against Aphis glycines Matsumura, the soybean aphid (SA) was evaluated. We found that 25 mM BABA as a root drench had minimal adverse impact on plant growth and also efficiently protected soybean from SA infestation. In both choice and non-choice tests, SA number was significantly decreased to a low level in soybean seedlings drenched with 25 mM BABA compared to the control counterparts. BABA treatment resulted in a significant increase in the activities of several defense enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase (CHI), and β-1, 3-glucanase (GLU) in soybean seedlings attacked by aphid. Meanwhile, the induction of 15 defense-related genes by aphid, such as AOS, CHS, MMP2, NPR1-1, NPR1-2, and PR genes, were significantly augmented in BABA-treated soybean seedlings. Our study suggest that BABA application is a promising way to enhance soybean resistance against SA.

[Soil biological activities at maize seedling stage under application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers].

PubMed

Li, Dongpo; Wu, Zhijie; Chen, Lijun; Liang, Chenghua; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Weicheng; Yang, Defu

2006-06-01

With pot experiment and simulating field ecological environment, this paper studied the effects of different slow/ controlled release N fertilizers on the soil nitrate - reductase and urease activities and microbial biomass C and N at maize seedling stage. The results showed that granular urea amended with dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-(n-bultyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) induced the highest soil nitrate-reductase activity, granular urea brought about the highest soil urease activity and microbial biomass C and N, while starch acetate (SA)-coated granular urea, SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD, methyl methacrylate (MMA) -coated granular urea amended with DCD, and no N fertilization gave a higher soil urease activity. Soil microbial C and N had a similar variation trend after applying various kinds of test slow/controlled release N fertilizers, and were the lowest after applying SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD and NBPT. Coated granular urea amended with inhibitors had a stronger effect on soil biological activities than coated granular urea, and MMA-coating had a better effect than SA-coating.

Production of succinic acid by metabolically engineered microorganisms.

PubMed

Ahn, Jung Ho; Jang, Yu-Sin; Lee, Sang Yup

2016-12-01

Succinic acid (SA) has been recognized as one of the most important bio-based building block chemicals due to its numerous potential applications. For the economical bio-based production of SA, extensive research works have been performed on developing microbial strains by metabolic engineering as well as fermentation and downstream processes. Here we review metabolic engineering strategies applied for bio-based production of SA using representative microorganisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Escherichia coli, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Basfia succiniciproducens, Actinobacillus succinogenes, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In particular, strategies employed for developing engineered strains of these microorganisms leading to the best performance indices (titer, yield, and productivity) are showcased based on the published papers as well as patents. Those processes currently under commercialization are also analyzed and future perspectives are provided. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robust Software Architecture for Robots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aghazanian, Hrand; Baumgartner, Eric; Garrett, Michael

2009-01-01

Robust Real-Time Reconfigurable Robotics Software Architecture (R4SA) is the name of both a software architecture and software that embodies the architecture. The architecture was conceived in the spirit of current practice in designing modular, hard, realtime aerospace systems. The architecture facilitates the integration of new sensory, motor, and control software modules into the software of a given robotic system. R4SA was developed for initial application aboard exploratory mobile robots on Mars, but is adaptable to terrestrial robotic systems, real-time embedded computing systems in general, and robotic toys.

Generation of dark solitons in erbium-doped fiber lasers based Sb(2)Te(3) saturable absorbers.

PubMed

Liu, Wenjun; Pang, Lihui; Han, Hainian; Tian, Wenlong; Chen, Hao; Lei, Ming; Yan, Peiguang; Wei, Zhiyi

2015-10-05

Dark solitons, which have better stability in the presence of noise, have potential applications in optical communication and ultrafast optics. In this paper, the dark soliton formation in erbium-doped fiber lasers based Sb(2)Te(3) saturable absorber (SA) is first experimentally demonstrated. The Sb(2)Te(3) SA is fabricated by using the pulsed laser deposition method. The generated dark solitons are centered at the wavelength of 1530 nm and repetition rate of 94 MHz. Analytic solutions for dark solitons are also obtained theoretically.

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification for the LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulation Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Picard, Richard Roy; Bhat, Kabekode Ghanasham

2017-07-18

We examine sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification for molecular dynamics simulation. Extreme (large or small) output values for the LAMMPS code often occur at the boundaries of input regions, and uncertainties in those boundary values are overlooked by common SA methods. Similarly, input values for which code outputs are consistent with calibration data can also occur near boundaries. Upon applying approaches in the literature for imprecise probabilities (IPs), much more realistic results are obtained than for the complacent application of standard SA and code calibration.

Interfacing VPSC with finite element codes. Demonstration of irradiation growth simulation in a cladding tube

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patra, Anirban; Tome, Carlos

This Milestone report shows good progress in interfacing VPSC with the FE codes ABAQUS and MOOSE, to perform component-level simulations of irradiation-induced deformation in Zirconium alloys. In this preliminary application, we have performed an irradiation growth simulation in the quarter geometry of a cladding tube. We have benchmarked VPSC-ABAQUS and VPSC-MOOSE predictions with VPSC-SA predictions to verify the accuracy of the VPSCFE interface. Predictions from the FE simulations are in general agreement with VPSC-SA simulations and also with experimental trends.

Density functional theory based probe of the affinity interaction of saccharide ligands with extra-cellular sialic acid residues.

PubMed

Patel, Anjali; Tiwari, Sanjay; Jha, Prafulla K

2018-05-10

Changes in glycosylation pattern leads to malignant transformations among the cells. In combination with upregulated actions of sialyltransferases, it ultimately leads to differential expression of sialic acid (SA) at cell surface. Given its negative charge and localization to extracellular domain, SA has been exploited for the development of targeted theranostics using approaches, such as, cationization and appending recognition saccharides on carrier surface. In this study, we have performed quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to study the interaction of saccharides with extracellular SA. Gradient-corrected DFT with the three parameter function (B3) was utilized for the calculation of Lee-Yang-Parr (LYP) correlation function. Atomic charge, vibrational frequencies and energy of the optimized structures were calculated through B3LYP. Our calculations demonstrate a stronger galactose-sialic acid interaction at tumour-relevant low pH and hyperthermic condition. These results support the application of pH responsive delivery vehicles and targeted hyperthermic chemotherapy for eradicating solid tumour deposits. These studies, conducted a priori, can guide the formulation scientists over appropriate choice of ligands and their applications in the design of 'smart' theranostic tools.

32 CFR Appendix F to Part 651 - Glossary

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Training Area Management. LCED Life Cycle Environmental Documentation. MACOM Major Army Command. MATDEV... Record of Non-Applicability. RSC Regional Support Command. S&T Science and Technology. SA Secretary of...

South African medical schools: Current state of selection criteria and medical students' demographic profile.

PubMed

van der Merwe, L J; van Zyl, G J; St Clair Gibson, A; Viljoen, M; Iputo, J E; Mammen, M; Chitha, W; Perez, A M; Hartman, N; Fonn, S; Green-Thompson, L; Ayo-Ysuf, O A; Botha, G C; Manning, D; Botha, S J; Hift, R; Retief, P; van Heerden, B B; Volmink, J

2015-12-16

Selection of medical students at South African (SA) medical schools must promote equitable and fair access to students from all population groups, while ensuring optimal student throughput and success, and training future healthcare practitioners who will fulfil the needs of the local society. In keeping with international practices, a variety of academic and non-academic measures are used to select applicants for medical training programmes in SA medical schools. To provide an overview of the selection procedures used by all eight medical schools in SA, and the student demographics (race and gender) at these medical schools, and to determine to what extent collective practices are achieving the goals of student diversity and inclusivity. A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive study design was used. All eight medical schools in SA provided information regarding selection criteria, selection procedures, and student demographics (race and gender). Descriptive analysis of data was done by calculating frequencies and percentages of the variables measured. Medical schools in SA make use of academic and non-academic criteria in their selection processes. The latter include indices of socioeconomic disadvantage. Most undergraduate medical students in SA are black (38.7%), followed by white (33.0%), coloured (13.4%) and Indian/Asian (13.6%). The majority of students are female (62.2%). The number of black students is still proportionately lower than in the general population, while other groups are overrepresented. Selection policies for undergraduate medical programmes aimed at redress should be continued and further refined, along with the provision of support to ensure student success.

Solvent-assisted stir bar sorptive extraction by using swollen polydimethylsiloxane for enhanced recovery of polar solutes in aqueous samples: Application to aroma compounds in beer and pesticides in wine.

PubMed

Ochiai, Nobuo; Sasamoto, Kikuo; David, Frank; Sandra, Pat

2016-07-15

A novel solvent-assisted stir bar sorptive extraction (SA-SBSE) technique was developed for enhanced recovery of polar solutes in aqueous samples. A conventional PDMS stir bar was swollen in several solvents with log Kow ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 while stirring for 30min prior to extraction. After extraction, thermal desorption - gas chromatography - (tandem) mass spectrometry (TD-GC-(MS/)MS) or liquid desorption - large volume injection (LD-LVI)-GC-MS were performed. An initial study involved investigation of potential solvents for SA-SBSE by weighing of the residual solvent in the swollen PDMS stir bar before and after extraction. Compared to conventional SBSE, SA-SBSE using diethyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone, dichloromethane, diisopropyl ether and toluene provided higher recoveries from water samples for test solutes with log Kow<2.5. For SA-SBSE using dichloromethane, recoveries were improved by factors of 1.4-4.1, while maintaining or even improving the recoveries for test solutes with log Kow>2.5. The performance of the SA-SBSE method using dichloromethane, diisopropyl ether, and cyclohexane is illustrated with analyses of aroma compounds in beer and of pesticides in wine. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Control of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm by Supplementation of Calcium, Copper, and Salicylic Acid.

PubMed

Bivi, M Shahul Hamid Rahamah; Paiko, Adamu Saidu; Khairulmazmi, Ahmad; Akhtar, M S; Idris, Abu Seman

2016-10-01

Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA [Ca/Cu/SA]) (5.0%) followed by T1 (5.5%), T5 (5.8%), T3 (8.3%), T6 (8.3%), T4 (13.3%), and T2 (15.8%) treatments. Continuous supplementation of Ca/Cu/SA was found to be the most effective in controlling the disease and the high performance liquid chromatography results showed the detection of ergosterol at very low concentration in the treated samples. Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy analysis results clearly indicated that T7 treatment was also enhancing lignification, which was responsible for the thickness of the secondary cell walls and middle lamella compared to untreated samples. It was therefore, concluded that continuous supplementation of minerals nutrients and SA could effectively suppress disease severity by reducing ergosterol activity and also improve the process of lignification in the treated plants. Furthermore, this treatment also managed to delay the onset of BSR symptoms and promote the growth of the seedlings and eventually suppress the BSR disease.

Control of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm by Supplementation of Calcium, Copper, and Salicylic Acid

PubMed Central

Bivi, M. Shahul Hamid Rahamah; Paiko, Adamu Saidu; Khairulmazmi, Ahmad; Akhtar, M. S.; Idris, Abu Seman

2016-01-01

Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA [Ca/Cu/SA]) (5.0%) followed by T1 (5.5%), T5 (5.8%), T3 (8.3%), T6 (8.3%), T4 (13.3%), and T2 (15.8%) treatments. Continuous supplementation of Ca/Cu/SA was found to be the most effective in controlling the disease and the high performance liquid chromatography results showed the detection of ergosterol at very low concentration in the treated samples. Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy analysis results clearly indicated that T7 treatment was also enhancing lignification, which was responsible for the thickness of the secondary cell walls and middle lamella compared to untreated samples. It was therefore, concluded that continuous supplementation of minerals nutrients and SA could effectively suppress disease severity by reducing ergosterol activity and also improve the process of lignification in the treated plants. Furthermore, this treatment also managed to delay the onset of BSR symptoms and promote the growth of the seedlings and eventually suppress the BSR disease. PMID:27721689

Effect of salicylic acid and structurally related compounds in the accumulation of phytoalexins in cotyledons of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars.

PubMed

Durango, Diego; Pulgarin, Natalia; Echeverri, Fernando; Escobar, Gustavo; Quiñones, Winston

2013-09-02

In the present work, isoflavonoid phytoalexin production in response to the application of salicylic acid in cotyledons of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (SA) was evaluated. The time-course and dose-response profiles of the induction process were established by quantifying the isoflavonoids by HPLC. Cotyledons of anthracnose-resistant cultivars induced by SA produced substantially higher phytoalexin contents as compared to the susceptible ones. In addition, maximum levels of phytoalexins (50-100 fold increases) were reached between 96 and 144 h, and when a concentration of SA from 3.62 to 14.50 mM was used. The observations also indicate that there was a relatively good correlation between the phytoalexin contents and the inhibitory effect against C. lindemuthianum; the higher antifungal activity was observed during the first 48 hours for extracts from cotyledons treated with SA at 1.45 and 3.62 mM, and between 96 and 144 h after induction. Finally, compounds structurally related to SA (dihydro-quinazolinones and some imines) showed a strong elicitor effect. Moreover, induced extracts from cotyledons treated with these potential elicitors, besides the properly elicitors, displayed a weak to moderated antifungal activity. These compounds may be considered good candidates for developing of new phytoprotectants. Furthermore, phytoalexin-eliciting substances may contribute for selecting disease resistant cultivars.

The Situation Awareness Weighted Network (SAWN) model and method: Theory and application.

PubMed

Kalloniatis, Alexander; Ali, Irena; Neville, Timothy; La, Phuong; Macleod, Iain; Zuparic, Mathew; Kohn, Elizabeth

2017-05-01

We introduce a novel model and associated data collection method to examine how a distributed organisation of military staff who feed a Common Operating Picture (COP) generates Situation Awareness (SA), a critical component in organisational performance. The proposed empirically derived Situation Awareness Weighted Network (SAWN) model draws on two scientific models of SA, by Endsley involving perception, comprehension and projection, and by Stanton et al. positing that SA exists across a social and semantic network of people and information objects in activities connected across a set of tasks. The output of SAWN is a representation as a weighted semi-bipartite network of the interaction between people ('human nodes') and information artefacts such as documents and system displays ('product nodes'); link weights represent the Endsley levels of SA that individuals acquire from or provide to information objects and other individuals. The SAWN method is illustrated with aggregated empirical data from a case study of Australian military staff undertaking their work during two very different scenarios, during steady-state operations and in a crisis threat context. A key outcome of analysis of the weighted networks is that we are able to quantify flow of SA through an organisation as staff seek to "value-add" in the conduct of their work. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 14395 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Applicants

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

..., Manager/President. Application Type: QI Change. Geoffrey Au dba ABC Logistics Company (NVO), 2250 Gellert... at (202) 523-5843 or by e-mail at [email protected] . Arkman Logistics Inc. (NVO), 1001 Fargo Avenue, Elk... Type: New NVO & OFF License. BCargo Logistics, S.A. de C.V. (NVO), Av. Revolucion 725-A, Col. Jardin...

Effects of green tea on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after in-office vital bleaching.

PubMed

Berger, Sandrine Bittencourt; Guiraldo, Ricardo Danil; Lopes, Murilo Baena; Oltramari-Navarro, Paula Vanessa; Fernandes, Thais Maria; Schwertner, Renata de Castro Alves; Ursi, Wagner José Silva

2016-01-01

The application of bleaching agents before placement of resin-bonded fixed appliances significantly, but temporarily, reduces bond strength to tooth structure. Antioxidants have been studied as a means to remove residual oxygen that compromises bonding to bleached enamel. This in vitro study evaluated whether green tea (GT) could restore the shear bond strength between bonded orthodontic brackets and bleached enamel. Six experimental groups were compared: group 1, no bleaching plus bracket bonding (positive control); group 2, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus bracket bonding (negative control); group 3, 35% HP plus 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) plus bracket bonding; group 4, 35% HP plus 10% GT plus bracket bonding; group 5, no bleaching plus 10% SA plus bracket bonding; group 6, no bleaching plus 10% GT plus bracket bonding. Results suggested that GT, like SA, may be beneficial for bracket bonding immediately after bleaching.

Tungsten diselenide for mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers with short pulse duration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wenjun; Liu, Mengli; OuYang, Yuyi; Hou, Huanran; Ma, Guoli; Lei, Ming; Wei, Zhiyi

2018-04-01

In this paper, a WSe2 film prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is transferred onto a tapered fiber, and a WSe2 saturable absorber (SA) is fabricated. In order to measure the third-order optical nonlinearity of the WSe2, the Z-scan technique is applied. The modulation depth of the WSe2 SA is measured as being 21.89%. Taking advantage of the remarkable nonlinear absorption characteristic of the WSe2 SA, a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated at 1557.4 nm with a bandwidth of 25.8 nm and signal to noise ratio of 96 dB. To the best of our knowledge, the pulse duration of 163.5 fs is confirmed to be the shortest compared with previous mode-locked fiber lasers based on transition-metal dichalcogenides SAs. These results indicate that WSe2 is a powerful competitor in the application of ultrashort pulse lasers.

Gold nanorod as saturable absorber for Q-switched Yb-doped fiber laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xu-De; Luo, Zhi-Chao; Liu, Hao; Zhao, Nian; Liu, Meng; Zhu, Yan-Fang; Xue, Jian-Ping; Luo, Ai-Ping; Xu, Wen-Cheng

2015-07-01

We reported on the generation of Q-switched pulse in an Yb-doped fiber laser by using a filmy polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based gold nanorods (GNRs) saturable absorber (SA). The GNRs are synthesized through seed-mediated method whose longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak is located at 1038 nm. The modulation depth of the GNRs SA is ∼4.06%. By gradually increasing the pump power from 62 mW to 128 mW, the repetition rate of Q-switched pulse increases from 8.78 kHz to 20.78 kHz and the pulse duration decreases from 9.43 μs to 3.65 μs. In addition, the dual-wavelength switchable Q-switched operation was also observed. The obtained results further expand the applications of GNRs SA to the field of Q-switched pulsed fiber lasers at 1.0 μm waveband.

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Enhances the Resistance of Wheat Seedlings to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation Under Heat Stress.

PubMed

Underwood, Joshua; Moch, John; Chen, Ming-Shun; Zhu, Lieceng

2014-10-01

Heat stress exerts significant impact on plant-parasite interactions. Phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), play important roles in plant defense against parasite attacks. Here, we studied the impact of a combination of heat stress and exogenous SA on the resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants to the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. We found that the wheat cultivar 'Molly', which contains the resistance gene H13, lost resistance to Hessian fly under heat stress (40°C for 3 and 6 h), and that exogenous application of SA on Molly seedlings right before heat stress can partially prevent the loss of resistance of Molly plants under heat conditions. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the dynamics of plant-insect interactions in the context of heat stress. © 2014 Entomological Society of America.

Monolayer formation of human osteoblastic cells on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds.

PubMed

Lobo, Anderson O; Antunes, Erica F; Palma, Mariana Bs; Pacheco-Soares, Cristina; Trava-Airoldi, Vladimir J; Corat, Evaldo J

2010-03-12

Monolayer formation of SaOS-2 (human osteoblast-like cells) was observed on VACNT (vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes) scaffolds without purification or functionalization. The VACNT were produced by a microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition on titanium surfaces with nickel or iron as catalyst. Cell viability and morphology studies were evaluated by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assay and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), respectively. The non-toxicity and the flat spreading with monolayer formation of the SaOs-2 on VACNT scaffolds surface indicate that they can be used for biomedical applications.

Alleviation of Osmotic Stress Effects by Exogenous Application of Salicylic or Abscisic Acid on Wheat Seedlings

PubMed Central

Marcińska, Izabela; Czyczyło-Mysza, Ilona; Skrzypek, Edyta; Grzesiak, Maciej T.; Janowiak, Franciszek; Filek, Maria; Dziurka, Michał; Dziurka, Kinga; Waligórski, Piotr; Juzoń, Katarzyna; Cyganek, Katarzyna; Grzesiak, Stanisław

2013-01-01

The aim of the study was to assess the role of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in osmotic stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. This was accomplished by determining the impact of the acids applied exogenously on seedlings grown under osmotic stress in hydroponics. The investigation was unique in its comprehensiveness, examining changes under osmotic stress and other conditions, and testing a number of parameters simultaneously. In both drought susceptible (SQ1) and drought resistant (CS) wheat cultivars, significant physiological and biochemical changes were observed upon the addition of SA (0.05 mM) or ABA (0.1 μM) to solutions containing half-strength Hoagland medium and PEG 6000 (−0.75 MPa). The most noticeable result of supplementing SA or ABA to the medium (PEG + SA and PEG + ABA) was a decrease in the length of leaves and roots in both cultivars. While PEG treatment reduced gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content in CS, and osmotic potential, and conversely, increased lipid peroxidation, soluble carbohydrates in SQ1, proline content in both cultivars and total antioxidants activity in SQ1, PEG + SA or PEG + ABA did not change the values of these parameters. Furthermore, PEG caused a two-fold increase of endogenous ABA content in SQ1 and a four-fold increase in CS. PEG + ABA increased endogenous ABA only in SQ1, whereas PEG + SA caused a greater increase of ABA content in both cultivars compared to PEG. In PEG-treated plants growing until the harvest, a greater decrease of yield components was observed in SQ1 than in CS. PEG + SA, and particularly PEG + ABA, caused a greater increase of these yield parameters in CS compared to SQ1. In conclusion, SA and ABA ameliorate, particularly in the tolerant wheat cultivar, the harmful effects and after effects of osmotic stress induced by PEG in hydroponics through better osmotic adjustment achieved by an increase in proline and carbohydrate content as well as by an increase in antioxidant activity. PMID:23803653

Surface area-volume ratios in insects.

PubMed

Kühsel, Sara; Brückner, Adrian; Schmelzle, Sebastian; Heethoff, Michael; Blüthgen, Nico

2017-10-01

Body mass, volume and surface area are important for many aspects of the physiology and performance of species. Whereas body mass scaling received a lot of attention in the literature, surface areas of animals have not been measured explicitly in this context. We quantified surface area-volume (SA/V) ratios for the first time using 3D surface models based on a structured light scanning method for 126 species of pollinating insects from 4 orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera). Water loss of 67 species was measured gravimetrically at very dry conditions for 2 h at 15 and 30 °C to demonstrate the applicability of the new 3D surface measurements and relevance for predicting the performance of insects. Quantified SA/V ratios significantly explained the variation in water loss across species, both directly or after accounting for isometric scaling (residuals of the SA/V ∼ mass 2/3 relationship). Small insects with a proportionally larger surface area had the highest water loss rates. Surface scans of insects to quantify allometric SA/V ratios thus provide a promising method to predict physiological responses, improving the potential of body mass isometry alone that assume geometric similarity. © 2016 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Actikerall™ (5-Fluorouracil 0.5% and Salicylic Acid 10%) Topical Solution for Patient-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratoses.

PubMed

Nguyen, H P; Rivers, J K

2016-05-01

Actinic keratosis (AK), a common cutaneous lesion with the potential to transform into squamous cell carcinoma, has traditionally been treated with ablative and/or surgical procedures. Recently, a topical formulation combining 0.5% 5-fluorouracil with 10% salicylic acid (5-FU-SA) was introduced in Europe under the trade name Actikerall™ for the treatment of grade I/II AKs. In a single randomized phase III trial, 5-FU-SA was shown to be superior to diclofenac 3% gel in hyaluronic acid, as measured by the histological clearance of one defined lesion (72% vs. 59.1%) and by complete clinical clearance (55.4% vs. 32.0%). 5-FU-SA should be applied once daily to a total area of up to 25 cm(2), which may include the lesion(s) and a small area of surrounding skin (rim of healthy skin should not exceed 0.5 cm), for up to 12 weeks. The most common side effects are local inflammation and pruritus at the application site, and no serious adverse effects have been reported to date. Now commercially available in Canada, 5-FU-SA represents a patientapplied therapeutic option for the treatment of both overt and subclinical AKs.

Statistical evidence for common ancestry: Application to primates.

PubMed

Baum, David A; Ané, Cécile; Larget, Bret; Solís-Lemus, Claudia; Ho, Lam Si Tung; Boone, Peggy; Drummond, Chloe P; Bontrager, Martin; Hunter, Steven J; Saucier, William

2016-06-01

Since Darwin, biologists have come to recognize that the theory of descent from common ancestry (CA) is very well supported by diverse lines of evidence. However, while the qualitative evidence is overwhelming, we also need formal methods for quantifying the evidential support for CA over the alternative hypothesis of separate ancestry (SA). In this article, we explore a diversity of statistical methods using data from the primates. We focus on two alternatives to CA, species SA (the separate origin of each named species) and family SA (the separate origin of each family). We implemented statistical tests based on morphological, molecular, and biogeographic data and developed two new methods: one that tests for phylogenetic autocorrelation while correcting for variation due to confounding ecological traits and a method for examining whether fossil taxa have fewer derived differences than living taxa. We overwhelmingly rejected both species and family SA with infinitesimal P values. We compare these results with those from two companion papers, which also found tremendously strong support for the CA of all primates, and discuss future directions and general philosophical issues that pertain to statistical testing of historical hypotheses such as CA. © 2016 The Author(s). Evolution © 2016 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

A new implant with solid core and porous surface: the biocompatability with bone.

PubMed

Yang, Xu; Wang, Dihua; Liang, Youde; Yin, Huayi; Zhang, Shuang; Jiang, Tao; Wang, Yining; Zhou, Yi

2014-07-01

This research investigated osteogenic potencies of Farthing-Fray-Chen Titanium (FFcTi) implant with transitional porous-solid structure. The material characteristics, biomechanical property, osteogenic performances were assessed. FFcTi showed similar roughness as sand-blasted and acid etched titanium (SA), but was more hydrophilic than SA and machined commercial pure titanium (MA). Young's modulus of FFcTi implant in compressive tests was 15.8 ± 6.3 GPa, which was close to bone. In vitro observations manifested excellent spreading abilities of MC3T3-E1 cell on FFcTi and SA. Adhesion rates of MC3T3-E1 cells at 4 h gradually decreased on MA, SA, and FFcTi surfaces (MA > SA, p < 0.01; SA > FFcTi, p < 0.05), while cell proliferation ability on FFcTi was weaker than MA during 1-6 days (p < 0.01) and similar to MA and SA in day 11. ALP activity of cells on FFcTi at 14 day was higher than MA and lower than SA (p < 0.01). In a bone defect model of rabbits, BIC and bone volum ratio within 50 μm were significantly higher for FFcTi than MA (BIC, p < 0.01; BT0.05, p < 0.05) while bone volume ratio within 100 and 500 μm were of no differences. Micro CT analysis also showed similar results to the histomorphometric data. Thus, we conclude that FFcTi with melting sphere based multiporous structure has a hydrophilic, rough surface, and close modulus to bone. In vitro, its low proliferation and ALP activity promotion were similar to other micro scale roughed surface. In vivo test showed better osteogenesis ability when compared with MA at least in 2 weeks. Thus, this Farthing-Fray-Chen Titanium implant seems to hold considerable potential for bone implant applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A Direct Comparison of the MM-GB/SA Scoring Procedure and Free-Energy Perturbation Calculations Using Carbonic Anhydrase as a Test Case: Strengths and Pitfalls of Each Approach.

PubMed

Guimarães, Cristiano R W

2011-07-12

MM-GB/SA scoring and free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations have emerged as reliable methodologies to understand structural and energetic relationships to binding. In spite of successful applications to elucidate the structure-activity relationships for few pairs of ligands, the reality is that the performance of FEP calculations has rarely been tested for more than a handful of compounds. In this work, a series of 13 benzene sulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase with binding free energies determined by isothermal titration calorimetry was selected as a test case. R(2) values of 0.70, 0.71, and 0.49 with the experiment were obtained with MM-GB/SA and FEP simulations run with MCPRO+ and Desmond, respectively. All methods work well, but the results obtained with Desmond are inferior to MM-GB/SA and MCPRO+. The main contrast between the methods is the level of sampling, ranging from full to restricted flexibility to single conformation for the complexes in Desmond, MCPRO+, and MM-GB/SA, respectively. The current and historical results obtained with MM-GB/SA qualify this approach as a more attractive alternative for rank-ordering; it can achieve equivalent or superior predictive accuracy and handle more structurally dissimilar ligands at a fraction of the computational cost of the rigorous free-energy methods. As for the large theoretical dynamic range for the binding energies, that seems to be a direct result of the degree of sampling in the simulations since MCPRO+ as well as MM-GB/SA are plagued by this. Van't Hoff analysis for selected pairs of ligands suggests that the wider scoring spread is not only affected by missing entropic contributions due to restricted sampling but also exaggerated enthalpic separation between the weak and potent compounds caused by diminished shielding of electrostatic interactions, thermal effects, and protein relaxation/strain.

Traffic Vehicle Counting in Jam Flow Conditions Using Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient Wireless Magnetic Sensors.

PubMed

Bao, Xu; Li, Haijian; Xu, Dongwei; Jia, Limin; Ran, Bin; Rong, Jian

2016-11-06

The jam flow condition is one of the main traffic states in traffic flow theory and the most difficult state for sectional traffic information acquisition. Since traffic information acquisition is the basis for the application of an intelligent transportation system, research on traffic vehicle counting methods for the jam flow conditions has been worthwhile. A low-cost and energy-efficient type of multi-function wireless traffic magnetic sensor was designed and developed. Several advantages of the traffic magnetic sensor are that it is suitable for large-scale deployment and time-sustainable detection for traffic information acquisition. Based on the traffic magnetic sensor, a basic vehicle detection algorithm (DWVDA) with less computational complexity was introduced for vehicle counting in low traffic volume conditions. To improve the detection performance in jam flow conditions with a "tailgating effect" between front vehicles and rear vehicles, an improved vehicle detection algorithm (SA-DWVDA) was proposed and applied in field traffic environments. By deploying traffic magnetic sensor nodes in field traffic scenarios, two field experiments were conducted to test and verify the DWVDA and the SA-DWVDA algorithms. The experimental results have shown that both DWVDA and the SA-DWVDA algorithms yield a satisfactory performance in low traffic volume conditions (scenario I) and both of their mean absolute percent errors are less than 1% in this scenario. However, for jam flow conditions with heavy traffic volumes (scenario II), the SA-DWVDA was proven to achieve better results, and the mean absolute percent error of the SA-DWVDA is 2.54% with corresponding results of the DWVDA 7.07%. The results conclude that the proposed SA-DWVDA can implement efficient and accurate vehicle detection in jam flow conditions and can be employed in field traffic environments.

Dual Recognition Strategy for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria Using Aptamer-Coated Magnetic Beads and Antibiotic-Capped Gold Nanoclusters.

PubMed

Cheng, Dan; Yu, Mengqun; Fu, Fei; Han, Weiye; Li, Gan; Xie, Jianping; Song, Yang; Swihart, Mark T; Song, Erqun

2016-01-05

Food poisoning and infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are serious public health concerns. A method of specific, sensitive, and rapid detection of such bacteria is essential and important. This study presents a strategy that combines aptamer and antibiotic-based dual recognition units with magnetic enrichment and fluorescent detection to achieve specific and sensitive quantification of SA in authentic specimens and in the presence of much higher concentrations of other bacteria. Aptamer-coated magnetic beads (Apt-MB) were employed for specific capture of SA. Vancomycin-stabilized fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@Van) were prepared by a simple one-step process and used for sensitive quantification of SA in the range of 32-10(8) cfu/mL with the detection limit of 16 cfu/mL via a fluorescence intensity measurement. And using this strategy, about 70 cfu/mL of SA in complex samples (containing 3 × 10(8) cfu/mL of other different contaminated bacteria) could be successfully detected. In comparison to prior studies, the developed strategy here not only simplifies the preparation procedure of the fluorescent probes (AuNCs@Van) to a great extent but also could sensitively quantify SA in the presence of much higher concentrations of other bacteria directly with good accuracy. Moreover, the aptamer and antibiotic used in this strategy are much less expensive and widely available compared to common-used antibodies, making it cost-effective. This general aptamer- and antibiotic-based dual recognition strategy, combined with magnetic enrichment and fluorescent detection of trace bacteria, shows great potential application in monitoring bacterial food contamination and infectious diseases.

Traffic Vehicle Counting in Jam Flow Conditions Using Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient Wireless Magnetic Sensors

PubMed Central

Bao, Xu; Li, Haijian; Xu, Dongwei; Jia, Limin; Ran, Bin; Rong, Jian

2016-01-01

The jam flow condition is one of the main traffic states in traffic flow theory and the most difficult state for sectional traffic information acquisition. Since traffic information acquisition is the basis for the application of an intelligent transportation system, research on traffic vehicle counting methods for the jam flow conditions has been worthwhile. A low-cost and energy-efficient type of multi-function wireless traffic magnetic sensor was designed and developed. Several advantages of the traffic magnetic sensor are that it is suitable for large-scale deployment and time-sustainable detection for traffic information acquisition. Based on the traffic magnetic sensor, a basic vehicle detection algorithm (DWVDA) with less computational complexity was introduced for vehicle counting in low traffic volume conditions. To improve the detection performance in jam flow conditions with a “tailgating effect” between front vehicles and rear vehicles, an improved vehicle detection algorithm (SA-DWVDA) was proposed and applied in field traffic environments. By deploying traffic magnetic sensor nodes in field traffic scenarios, two field experiments were conducted to test and verify the DWVDA and the SA-DWVDA algorithms. The experimental results have shown that both DWVDA and the SA-DWVDA algorithms yield a satisfactory performance in low traffic volume conditions (scenario I) and both of their mean absolute percent errors are less than 1% in this scenario. However, for jam flow conditions with heavy traffic volumes (scenario II), the SA-DWVDA was proven to achieve better results, and the mean absolute percent error of the SA-DWVDA is 2.54% with corresponding results of the DWVDA 7.07%. The results conclude that the proposed SA-DWVDA can implement efficient and accurate vehicle detection in jam flow conditions and can be employed in field traffic environments. PMID:27827974

Jasmonic Acid Is a Key Regulator of Spider Mite-Induced Volatile Terpenoid and Methyl Salicylate Emission in Tomato1[w

PubMed Central

Ament, Kai; Kant, Merijn R.; Sabelis, Maurice W.; Haring, Michel A.; Schuurink, Robert C.

2004-01-01

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) mutant def-1, which is deficient in induced jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation upon wounding or herbivory, was used to study the role of JA in the direct and indirect defense responses to phytophagous mites (Tetranychus urticae). In contrast to earlier reports, spider mites laid as many eggs and caused as much damage on def-1 as on wild-type plants, even though def-1 lacked induction of proteinase inhibitor activity. However, the hatching-rate of eggs on def-1 was significantly higher, suggesting that JA-dependent direct defenses enhanced egg mortality or increased the time needed for embryonic development. As to gene expression, def-1 had lower levels of JA-related transcripts but higher levels of salicylic acid (SA) related transcripts after 1 d of spider mite infestation. Furthermore, the indirect defense response was absent in def-1, since the five typical spider mite-induced tomato-volatiles (methyl salicylate [MeSA], 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene [TMTT], linalool, trans-nerolidol, and trans-β-ocimene) were not induced and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis did not discriminate between infested and uninfested def-1 tomatoes as it did with wild-type tomatoes. Similarly, the expression of the MeSA biosynthetic gene salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) was induced by spider mites in wild type but not in def-1. Exogenous application of JA to def-1 induced the accumulation of SAMT and putative geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase transcripts and restored MeSA- and TMTT-emission upon herbivory. JA is therefore necessary to induce the enzymatic conversion of SA into MeSA. We conclude that JA is essential for establishing the spider mite-induced indirect defense response in tomato. PMID:15310835

A simple strategy to fabricate poly (acrylamide-co-alginate)/gold nanocomposites for inactivation of bacteria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yanan; Lou, Zhichao; Zhang, Xiaohong; Hu, Xiaodan; Zhang, Haiqian

2014-12-01

A facile and efficient approach to prepare uniform gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in hybrid hydrogel consisting of acrylamide (AM) and alginate (SA) for antibacterial applications is reported. In this study, reduction of gold ions by acrylamide and alginate (AM-SA) occurred before the polymerization and as-obtained gold colloids are stabilized by AM-SA immediately in the absence of commonly used reducing agents and protective reagents. Via transmittance electron microscopy results, we can conclude that the obtained gold nanoparticles in hydrogel are well dispersed. Furthermore, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the structure and composition of the synthetic nanocomposites. Our approach provides well-dispersed nanoparticles around 8 mm in size. It is important to underline that nanoparticle aggregation was not observed during and after gel formation. The prepared Au NPs exhibited remarkable stability in the presence of high pH s, and a range of salt concentrations. Importantly, the hydrogel/gold nanocomposites showed a non-compromised activity to inhibit the growth of a model bacterium, Escherichia coli. With their excellent mechanical behavior, as well as the remained antibacterial activity, the nanocomposites should get various potential applications in the fields of pharmaceutical science and tissue engineering.

Statistical detection of geographic clusters of resistant Escherichia coli in a regional network with WHONET and SaTScan.

PubMed

Park, Rachel; O'Brien, Thomas F; Huang, Susan S; Baker, Meghan A; Yokoe, Deborah S; Kulldorff, Martin; Barrett, Craig; Swift, Jamie; Stelling, John

2016-11-01

While antimicrobial resistance threatens the prevention, treatment, and control of infectious diseases, systematic analysis of routine microbiology laboratory test results worldwide can alert new threats and promote timely response. This study explores statistical algorithms for recognizing geographic clustering of multi-resistant microbes within a healthcare network and monitoring the dissemination of new strains over time. Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility data from a three-year period stored in WHONET were analyzed across ten facilities in a healthcare network utilizing SaTScan's spatial multinomial model with two models for defining geographic proximity. We explored geographic clustering of multi-resistance phenotypes within the network and changes in clustering over time. Geographic clustering identified from both latitude/longitude and non-parametric facility groupings geographic models were similar, while the latter was offers greater flexibility and generalizability. Iterative application of the clustering algorithms suggested the possible recognition of the initial appearance of invasive E. coli ST131 in the clinical database of a single hospital and subsequent dissemination to others. Systematic analysis of routine antimicrobial resistance susceptibility test results supports the recognition of geographic clustering of microbial phenotypic subpopulations with WHONET and SaTScan, and iterative application of these algorithms can detect the initial appearance in and dissemination across a region prompting early investigation, response, and containment measures.

75 FR 31332 - Airworthiness Directives; Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model EMB-120, -120ER...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-03

... correcting the fuel quantity indication system; as applicable. Compliance (f) You are responsible for having... correcting the fuel quantity indication system; as applicable. The MCAI does not provide a corrective action... unsafe condition as: It has been found that some fuel quantity probes may fail during the airplane life...

Multicompartmental, multilayered probucol microcapsules for diabetes mellitus: Formulation characterization and effects on production of insulin and inflammation in a pancreatic β-cell line.

PubMed

Mooranian, Armin; Negrulj, Rebecca; Arfuso, Frank; Al-Salami, Hani

2016-11-01

We have shown that the primary bile acid, cholic acid (CA), has anti-diabetic effects in vivo. Probucol (PB) is a lipophilic drug with potential applications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to encapsulate CA with PB and examine the formulation and surface characteristics of the microcapsules. We also tested the microcapsules' biological effects on pancreatic β-cells. Using the polymer, sodium alginate (SA), two formulations were prepared: PB-SA (control), and PB-CA-SA (test). Complete characterizations of the morphology, shape, size, chemical, thermal, and rheological properties, swelling and mechanical strength, cross-sectional imaging (Micro CT), stability, Zeta-potential, drug contents, and PB release profile were carried out, at different temperature and pH values. The microcapsules were applied to a NIT-1 cell culture and the supernatant was analyzed for insulin and TNF-α concentrations. CA incorporation optimized the PB microcapsules, which exhibited pseudoplastic-thixotropic rheological characteristics. The size of the microcapsules remained similar after CA addition, and the microcapsules showed even drug distribution and no chemical alterations of the excipients. Micro-CT imaging, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed consistent microcapsules with uniform shape and morphology. PB-CA-SA microcapsules enhanced NIT-1 cell viability under hyperglycemic states and resulted in improved insulin release as well as reduced cytokine production at the physiological glucose levels. The addition of the primary bile acid, CA, improved the physical properties of the microcapsules and enhanced their pharmacological activity in vitro, suggesting potential applications in diabetes treatment.

Structure and specificity of a new class of Ca2+-independent housekeeping sortase from Streptomyces avermitilis provide insights into its non-canonical substrate preference

PubMed Central

Das, Sreetama; Pawale, Vijaykumar S.; Dadireddy, Venkatareddy; Singh, Avinash Kumar; Ramakumar, Suryanarayanarao; Roy, Rajendra P.

2017-01-01

Surface proteins in Gram-positive bacteria are incorporated into the cell wall through a peptide ligation reaction catalyzed by transpeptidase sortase. Six main classes (A–F) of sortase have been identified of which class A sortase is meant for housekeeping functions. The prototypic housekeeping sortase A (SaSrtA) from Staphylococcus aureus cleaves LPXTG-containing proteins at the scissile T–G peptide bond and ligates protein-LPXT to the terminal Gly residue of the nascent cross-bridge of peptidoglycan lipid II precursor. Sortase-mediated ligation (“sortagging”) of LPXTG-containing substrates and Gly-terminated nucleophiles occurs in vitro as well as in cellulo in the presence of Ca2+ and has been applied extensively for protein conjugations. Although the majority of applications emanate from SaSrtA, low catalytic efficiency, LPXTG specificity restriction, and Ca2+ requirement (particularly for in cellulo applications) remain a drawback. Given that Gram-positive bacteria genomes encode a variety of sortases, natural sortase mining can be a viable complementary approach akin to engineering of wild-type SaSrtA. Here, we describe the structure and specificity of a new class E sortase (SavSrtE) annotated to perform housekeeping roles in Streptomyces avermitilis. Biochemical experiments define the attributes of an optimum peptide substrate, demonstrate Ca2+-independent activity, and provide insights about contrasting functional characteristics of SavSrtE and SaSrtA. Crystal structure, substrate docking, and mutagenesis experiments have identified a critical residue that dictates the preference for a non-canonical LAXTG recognition motif over LPXTG. These results have implications for rational tailoring of substrate tolerance in sortases. Besides, Ca2+-independent orthogonal specificity of SavSrtE is likely to expand the sortagging toolkit. PMID:28270507

Transdermal penetration of vasoconstrictors--present understanding and assessment of the human epidermal flux and retention of free bases and ion-pairs.

PubMed

Cross, Sheree E; Thompson, Melanie J; Roberts, Michael S

2003-02-01

As reductions in dermal clearance increase the residence time of solutes in the skin and underlying tissues we compared the topical penetration of potentially useful vasoconstrictors (VCs) through human epidermis as both free bases and ion-pairs with salicylic acid (SA). We determined the in vitro epidermal flux of ephedrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, and xylometazoline applied as saturated solutions in propylene glycol:water (1:1) and of ephedrine, naphazoline and tetrahydrozoline as 10% solutions of 1:1 molar ratio ion-pairs with SA in liquid paraffin. As free bases, ephedrine had the highest maximal flux, Jmax = 77.4 +/- 11.7 microg/cm2/h, being 4-fold higher than tetrahydrozoline and xylometazoline, 6-fold higher than phenylephrine, 10-fold higher than naphazoline and 100-fold higher than oxymetazoline. Stepwise regression of solute physicochemical properties identified melting point as the most significant predictor of flux. As ion-pairs with SA, ephedrine and naphazoline had similar fluxes (11.5 +/- 2.3 and 12.0 +/- 1.6 microg/cm2/h respectively), whereas tetrahydrozoline was approximately 3-fold slower. Corresponding fluxes of SA from the ion-pairs were 18.6 +/- 0.6, 7.8+/- 0.8 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 respectively. Transdermal transport of VC's is discussed. Epidermal retention of VCs and SA did not correspond to their molar ratio on application and confirmed that following partitioning into the stratum corneum, ion-pairs separate and further penetration is governed by individual solute characteristics.

Altered cultivar resistance of kimchi cabbage seedlings mediated by salicylic Acid, jasmonic Acid and ethylene.

PubMed

Lee, Young Hee; Kim, Sang Hee; Yun, Byung-Wook; Hong, Jeum Kyu

2014-09-01

Two cultivars Buram-3-ho (susceptible) and CR-Hagwang (moderate resistant) of kimchi cabbage seedlings showed differential defense responses to anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum), black spot (Alternaria brassicicola) and black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xcc) diseases in our previous study. Defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene led to different transcriptional regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression in both cultivars. In this study, exogenous application of SA suppressed basal defenses to C. higginsianum in the 1st leaves of the susceptible cultivar and cultivar resistance of the 2nd leaves of the resistant cultivar. SA also enhanced susceptibility of the susceptible cultivar to A. brassicicola. By contrast, SA elevated disease resistance to Xcc in the resistant cultivar, but not in the susceptible cultivar. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment did not affect the disease resistance to C. higginsianum and Xcc in either cultivar, but it compromised the disease resistance to A. brassicicola in the resistant cultivar. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ethylene precursor did not change resistance of the either cultivar to C. higginsianum and Xcc. Effect of ACC pretreatment on the resistance to A. brassicicola was not distinguished between susceptible and resistant cultivars, because cultivar resistance of the resistant cultivar was lost by prolonged moist dark conditions. Taken together, exogenously applied SA, JA and ethylene altered defense signaling crosstalk to three diseases of anthracnose, black spot and black rot in a cultivar-dependent manner.

Sero-efficacy of Vi-polysaccharide tetanus-toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar-TCV).

PubMed

Voysey, Merryn; Pollard, Andrew J

2018-01-17

Salmonella Typhi is the major cause of enteric fever in lower income countries. New conjugate vaccines show promise as public health interventions, however there are no efficacy data available from endemic areas. Data were obtained from a previously published phase 3 randomised controlled trial comparing Vi-polysaccharide tetanus-toxoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar-TCV; Bharat Biotech Intl Ltd, India): (Vi-TT) with Vi-polysaccharide (Typbar; Bharat Biotech Intl Ltd, India): (Vi-PS) in participants aged 2- 45 years. An additional open-label arm administered Vi-TT to children aged 6 months to 23 months. The proportion of participants with presumed clinical or subclinical infection ('seroincidence'), was determined using mixture models and compared using relative risks. 81/387 (21%) participants were classified as having presumed typhoid infection during the 2 year period post-vaccination. Seroincidence was lower in those randomised to Vi-TT than Vi-PS in those aged 2-45 years; 21/155 (13.5%) vs 47/129 (36.4%); RR 0.372 (95%CI 0.235-0.588), p<0.0001 and in those aged 2-15 years RR 0.424 (95%CI 0.231-0.778), p=0.0039. There was no difference in seroincidence in those receiving Vi-TT aged 2-45 years and those aged 6-23 months; 21/155 (13.5%) vs 13/103 (12.6%); RR 1.073 (0.563, 2.046), p=0.8293. Vaccine seroefficacy was 85% (95%CI 80-88%). This is the first field estimate of the seroefficacy of a Vi-TT vaccine and shows that Typbar TCV substantially reduces the number of serologically defined (sub)clinical infections in infants, children and adults. These results support the recent World Health Organisation recommendations for deployment of typhoid conjugate vaccines in high burden areas. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Applications of Mobile GIS in Forestry South Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battad, D. T.; Mackenzie, P.

2012-07-01

South Australian Forestry Corporation (ForestrySA) had been actively investigating the applications of mobile GIS in forestry for the past few years. The main objective is to develop an integrated mobile GIS capability that allows staff to collect new spatial information, verify existing data, and remotely access and post data from the field. Two (2) prototype mobile GIS applications have been developed already using the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ARCGISR technology as the main spatial component. These prototype systems are the Forest Health Surveillance System and the Mobile GIS for Wetlands System. The Forest Health Surveillance System prototype is used primarily for aerial forest health surveillance. It was developed using a tablet PC with ArcMapR GIS. A customised toolbar was developed using ArcObjectsR in the Visual Basic 6 Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The resulting dynamic linked library provides a suite of custom tools which enables the following: - quickly create spatial features and attribute the data - full utilisation of global positioning system (GPS) technology - excellent screen display navigation tools, i.e. pan, rotate map, capture of flight path - seamless integration of data into GIS as geodatabase (GDB) feature classes - screen entry of text and conversion to annotation feature classes The Mobile GIS for Wetlands System prototype was developed for verifying existing wetland areas within ForestrySA's plantation estate, collect new wetland data, and record wetland conditions. Mapping of actual wetlands within ForestrySA's plantation estate is very critical because of the need to establish protection buffers around these features during the implementation of plantation operations. System development has been focussed on a mobile phone platform (HTC HD2R ) with WindowsR Mobile 6, ESRI's ArcGISR Mobile software development kit (SDK) employing ArcObjectsR written on C#.NET IDE, and ArcGIS ServerR technology. The system is also implemented in the VILIVR X70. The system has undergone testing by ForestrySA staff and the refinements had been incorporated in the latest version of the system. The system has the following functionalities: - display and query strategic data layers - collect and edit spatial and attribute data - full utilisation of global positioning GPS technology - distance and area measurements - display of high resolution imagery - seamless integration of data into GIS as feature classes - screen display and navigation tools, i.e. pan, zoom in/out, rotate map - capture of flight path The next stages in the development of mobile GIS technologies at ForestrySA are to enhance the systems' capabilities as one of the organization main data capture systems. These include incorporating other applications, e.g. roads/tracks mapping, mapping of significant sites, etc., and migration of the system to Windows Phone7.

Strategies for Teaching Elementary and Junior High Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Consuegra, Gerard F.

1980-01-01

Discusses the applications of Piaget's theory of cognitive development to elementary and junior high school science teaching. Topics include planning concrete experiences, inductive and hypothetical deductive reasoning, measurement concepts, combinatorial logic, scientific experimentation and reflexive thinking. (SA)

How Much Do Mental Health and Substance Use/Addiction Affect Use of General Medical Services? Extent of Use, Reason for Use, and Associated Costs.

PubMed

Graham, Kathryn; Cheng, Joyce; Bernards, Sharon; Wells, Samantha; Rehm, Jürgen; Kurdyak, Paul

2017-01-01

To measure service use and costs associated with health care for patients with mental health (MH) and substance use/addiction (SA) problems. A 5-year cross-sectional study (2007-2012) of administrative health care data was conducted (average annual sample size = 123,235 adults aged >18 years who had a valid Ontario health care number and used at least 1 service during the year; 55% female). We assessed average annual use of primary care, emergency departments and hospitals, and overall health care costs for patients identified as having MH only, SA only, co-occurring MH and SA problems (MH+SA), and no MH and/or SA (MH/SA) problems. Total visits/admissions and total non-MH/SA visits (i.e., excluding MH/SA visits) were regressed separately on MH, SA, and MH+SA cases compared to non-MH/SA cases using the 2011-2012 sample ( N = 123,331), controlling for age and sex. Compared to non-MH/SA patients, MH/SA patients were significantly ( P < 0.001) more likely to visit primary care physicians (1.82 times as many visits for MH-only patients, 4.24 for SA, and 5.59 for MH+SA), use emergency departments (odds, 1.53 [MH], 3.79 [SA], 5.94 [MH+SA]), and be hospitalized (odds, 1.59 [MH], 4.10 [SA], 7.82 [MH+SA]). MH/SA patients were also significantly more likely than non-MH/SA patients to have non-MH/SA-related visits and accounted for 20% of the sample but over 30% of health care costs. MH and SA are core issues for all health care settings. MH/SA patients use more services overall and for non-MH/SA issues, with especially high use and costs for MH+SA patients.

Sigma-1 receptor agonist increases axon outgrowth of hippocampal neurons via voltage-gated calcium ions channels.

PubMed

Li, Dong; Zhang, Shu-Zhuo; Yao, Yu-Hong; Xiang, Yun; Ma, Xiao-Yun; Wei, Xiao-Li; Yan, Hai-Tao; Liu, Xiao-Yan

2017-12-01

Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are unique endoplasmic reticulum proteins that have been implicated in both neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Sig-1R plays a role in neuroprotection and axon outgrowth. The underlying mechanisms of Sig-1R-mediated neuroprotection have been well elucidated. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Sig-1R on axon outgrowth are not fully understood. To clarify this issue, we utilized immunofluorescence to compare the axon lengths of cultured naïve hippocampal neurons before and after the application of the Sig-1R agonist, SA4503. Then, electrophysiology and immunofluorescence were used to examine voltage-gated calcium ion channel (VGCCs) currents in the cell membranes and growth cones. We found that Sig-1R activation dramatically enhanced the axonal length of the naïve hippocampal neurons. Application of the Sig-1R antagonist NE100 and gene knockdown techniques both demonstrated the effects of Sig-1R. The growth-promoting effect of SA4503 was accompanied by the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca 2+ influx and was recapitulated by incubating the neurons with the L-type, N-type, and P/Q-type VGCC blockers, nimodipine, MVIIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, respectively. This effect was unrelated to glial cells. The application of SA4503 transformed the growth cone morphologies from complicated to simple, which favored axon outgrowth. Sig-1R activation can enhance axon outgrowth and may have a substantial influence on neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Anisotropic electron temperature measurements without knowing the spectral transmissivity for a JT-60SA Thomson scattering diagnostic.

PubMed

Tojo, H; Hatae, T; Yatsuka, E; Itami, K

2012-10-01

This paper focuses on a method for measuring the electron temperature (T(e)) without knowing the transmissivity using Thomson scattering diagnostic with a double-pass scattering system. Application of this method for measuring the anisotropic T(e), i.e., the T(e) in the directions parallel (T(eparallel)) and perpendicular (T(eperpendicular)) to the magnetic field, is proposed. Simulations based on the designed parameters for a JT-60SA indicate the feasibility of the measurements except in certain T(e) ranges, e.g., T(eparallel) ~ 3.5T(eperpendicular) at 120° of the scattering angle.

Physicochemical, nutritional, and antimicrobial properties of wine grape (cv. Merlot) pomace extract-based films.

PubMed

Deng, Qian; Zhao, Yanyun

2011-04-01

Wine grape pomace (WGP) (cv. Merlot) extract-based films were studied in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical, water barrier, nutritional, and antibacterial properties. Pomace extract (PE) was obtained by hot water extraction and had a total soluble solid of 3.6% and pH 3.65. Plant-based polysaccharides, low methoxyl pectin (LMP, 0.75% w/w), sodium alginate (SA, 0.3% w/w), or Ticafilm (TF, 2% w/w), was added into PE for film formation, respectively. Elongation at break and tensile strength were 23% and 4.04 MPa for TF-PE film, 25% and 1.12 MPa for SA-PE film, and 9.89% and 1.56 MPa for LMP-PE film. Water vapor permeability of LMP-PE and SA-PE films was 63 and 60 g mm m(-2) d(-1) kPa, respectively, lower than that of TF-PE film (70 g mm m(-2) d(-1) kPa) (P<0.05). LMP-PE film had higher water solubility, indicated by the haze percentage of water after 24 h of film immersion (52.8%) than that of TF-PE (25.7%) and SA-PE (15.9%) films, and also had higher amount of released phenolics (96.6%) than that of TF-PE (93.8%) and SA-PE (80.5%) films. PE films showed antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, in which approximate 5-log reductions in E. coli and 1.7- to 3.0-log reductions in L. innocua were observed at the end of 24 h incubation test compared with control. This study demonstrated the possibility of utilizing WGP extracts as natural, antimicrobial, and antioxidant promoting film-forming material for various food applications.   WGP extract-based edible films with the addition of a small amount of commercial polysaccharides showed attractive color and comparable mechanical and water barrier properties to other edible films. The films also demonstrated their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. Hence, they may be used as colorful wraps or coatings for food, pharmaceutical, or other similar applications.

A spin-adapted size-extensive state-specific multi-reference perturbation theory. I. Formal developments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Shuneng; Cheng, Lan; Liu, Wenjian; Mukherjee, Debashis

2012-01-01

We present in this paper a comprehensive formulation of a spin-adapted size-extensive state-specific multi-reference second-order perturbation theory (SA-SSMRPT2) as a tool for applications to molecular states of arbitrary complexity and generality. The perturbative theory emerges in the development as a result of a physically appealing quasi-linearization of a rigorously size-extensive state-specific multi-reference coupled cluster (SSMRCC) formalism [U. S. Mahapatra, B. Datta, and D. Mukherjee, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 6171 (1999), 10.1063/1.478523]. The formulation is intruder-free as long as the state-energy is energetically well-separated from the virtual functions. SA-SSMRPT2 works with a complete active space (CAS), and treats each of the model space functions on the same footing. This thus has the twin advantages of being capable of handling varying degrees of quasi-degeneracy and of ensuring size-extensivity. This strategy is attractive in terms of the applicability to bigger systems. A very desirable property of the parent SSMRCC theory is the explicit maintenance of size-extensivity under a variety of approximations of the working equations. We show how to generate both the Rayleigh-Schrödinger (RS) and the Brillouin-Wigner (BW) versions of SA-SSMRPT2. Unlike the traditional naive formulations, both the RS and the BW variants are manifestly size-extensive and both share the avoidance of intruders in the same manner as the parent SSMRCC. We discuss the various features of the RS as well as the BW version using several partitioning strategies of the hamiltonian. Unlike the other CAS based MRPTs, the SA-SSMRPT2 is intrinsically flexible in the sense that it is constructed in a manner that it can relax the coefficients of the reference function, or keep the coefficients frozen if we so desire. We delineate the issues pertaining to the spin-adaptation of the working equations of the SA-SSMRPT2, starting from SSMRCC, which would allow us to incorporate essentially any type open-shell configuration-state functions (CSF) within the CAS. The formalisms presented here will be applied extensively in a companion paper to assess their efficacy.

How-To-Do-It: Demonstrating the Anatomical Expression of Two Genes in the Garden Pea.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawk, James A.

1980-01-01

Describes a rapid staining technique for investigating the anatomical expression of two recessive genes. The demonstration is intended to stimulate students who are interested in the practical applications of genetics. (Author/SA)

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Assembly SA 103C 030 Torso Assembly SA 103C 041 Upper Arm Assembly Left SA 103C 042 Upper Arm Assembly Right SA 103C 051 Forearm Hand Assembly Left SA 103C 052 Forearm Hand Assembly Right SA 103C 061Upper Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 062 Upper Leg Assembly Right SA 103C 071 Lower Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 072...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Assembly SA 103C 030 Torso Assembly SA 103C 041 Upper Arm Assembly Left SA 103C 042 Upper Arm Assembly Right SA 103C 051 Forearm Hand Assembly Left SA 103C 052 Forearm Hand Assembly Right SA 103C 061Upper Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 062 Upper Leg Assembly Right SA 103C 071 Lower Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 072...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Assembly SA 103C 030 Torso Assembly SA 103C 041 Upper Arm Assembly Left SA 103C 042 Upper Arm Assembly Right SA 103C 051 Forearm Hand Assembly Left SA 103C 052 Forearm Hand Assembly Right SA 103C 061Upper Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 062 Upper Leg Assembly Right SA 103C 071 Lower Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 072...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Assembly SA 103C 030 Torso Assembly SA 103C 041 Upper Arm Assembly Left SA 103C 042 Upper Arm Assembly Right SA 103C 051 Forearm Hand Assembly Left SA 103C 052 Forearm Hand Assembly Right SA 103C 061Upper Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 062 Upper Leg Assembly Right SA 103C 071 Lower Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 072...

Nonlinear optical and multi-photon absorption properties in graphene-ZnO nanocomposites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Qing; Wang, Yu-Hua; Yu, Xiang-Xiang; Wang, Bo; Liang, Zhuang; Tang, Meng; Wu, An-Shun; Zhang, Hai-Jun; Liang, Feng; Xie, Ya-Feng; Wang, Jun

2018-04-01

Graphene-ZnO (GZO) nanocomposites were synthesized by a modified solvothermal method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and UV-vis absorption spectra. The controllable nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of as-prepared GZO nanocomposites were tested by an open-aperture Z-scan method with 1030 nm fs laser pulses; the tested results showed that there were five-photon absorption (5PA) at 46.8 GW cm-2, 3PA at 28.1 GW cm-2, 2PA at 18.7 GW cm-2, and a vital change from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse SA (RSA) with the increase of incident intensity. This was the first time that 5PA was found in GZO nanocomposites at such a low intensity, 46.8 GW cm-2. The tunable NLO property from SA to RSA and controllable multi-photon absorption provided a facile approach for their applications in optical, optoelectronic devices, and information storage.

Comparative characteristic and erosion behavior of NiCr coatings deposited by various high-velocity oxyfuel spray processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidhu, Hazoor Singh; Sidhu, Buta Singh; Prakash, S.

2006-12-01

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the mechanical properties and microstructure details at the interface of high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF)-sprayed NiCr-coated boiler tube steels, namely ASTM-SA-210 grade A1, ASTM-SA213-T-11, and ASTM-SA213-T-22. Coatings were developed by two different techniques, and in these techniques liquefied petroleum gas was used as the fuel gas. First, the coatings were characterized by metallographic, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, surface roughness, and microhardness, and then were subjected to erosion testing. An attempt has been made to describe the transformations taking place during thermal spraying. It is concluded that the HVOF wire spraying process offers a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to HVOF powder spraying process for applications in an energy generation power plant with a point view of life enhancement and to minimize the tube failures because it gives a coating having better resistance to erosion.

Concurrent and Accurate Short Read Mapping on Multicore Processors.

PubMed

Martínez, Héctor; Tárraga, Joaquín; Medina, Ignacio; Barrachina, Sergio; Castillo, Maribel; Dopazo, Joaquín; Quintana-Ortí, Enrique S

2015-01-01

We introduce a parallel aligner with a work-flow organization for fast and accurate mapping of RNA sequences on servers equipped with multicore processors. Our software, HPG Aligner SA (HPG Aligner SA is an open-source application. The software is available at http://www.opencb.org, exploits a suffix array to rapidly map a large fraction of the RNA fragments (reads), as well as leverages the accuracy of the Smith-Waterman algorithm to deal with conflictive reads. The aligner is enhanced with a careful strategy to detect splice junctions based on an adaptive division of RNA reads into small segments (or seeds), which are then mapped onto a number of candidate alignment locations, providing crucial information for the successful alignment of the complete reads. The experimental results on a platform with Intel multicore technology report the parallel performance of HPG Aligner SA, on RNA reads of 100-400 nucleotides, which excels in execution time/sensitivity to state-of-the-art aligners such as TopHat 2+Bowtie 2, MapSplice, and STAR.

Feature-level sentiment analysis by using comparative domain corpora

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quan, Changqin; Ren, Fuji

2016-06-01

Feature-level sentiment analysis (SA) is able to provide more fine-grained SA on certain opinion targets and has a wider range of applications on E-business. This study proposes an approach based on comparative domain corpora for feature-level SA. The proposed approach makes use of word associations for domain-specific feature extraction. First, we assign a similarity score for each candidate feature to denote its similarity extent to a domain. Then we identify domain features based on their similarity scores on different comparative domain corpora. After that, dependency grammar and a general sentiment lexicon are applied to extract and expand feature-oriented opinion words. Lastly, the semantic orientation of a domain-specific feature is determined based on the feature-oriented opinion lexicons. In evaluation, we compare the proposed method with several state-of-the-art methods (including unsupervised and semi-supervised) using a standard product review test collection. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using comparative domain corpora.

Zosteric acid and salicylic acid bound to a low density polyethylene surface successfully control bacterial biofilm formation.

PubMed

Cattò, C; James, G; Villa, F; Villa, S; Cappitelli, F

2018-05-04

The active moieties of the anti-biofilm natural compounds zosteric (ZA) and salicylic (SA) acids have been covalently immobilized on a low density polyethylene (LDPE) surface. The grafting procedure provided new non-toxic eco-friendly materials (LDPE-CA and LDPE-SA) with anti-biofilm properties superior to the conventional biocide-based approaches and with features suitable for applications in challenging fields where the use of antimicrobial agents is limited. Microbiological investigation proved that LDPE-CA and LDPE-SA: (1) reduced Escherichia coli biofilm biomass by up to 61% with a mechanism that did not affect bacterial viability; (2) significantly affected biofilm morphology, decreasing biofilm thickness, roughness, substratum coverage, cell and matrix polysaccharide bio-volumes by >80% and increasing the surface to bio-volume ratio; (3) made the biofilm more susceptible to ampicillin and ethanol. Since no molecules were leached from the surface, they remained constantly effective and below the lethal level; therefore, the risk of inducing resistance was minimized.

Dollar Summary of Prime Contract Awards by Contractor, State or Country, and Place, FY 88. Part 3 (First Holdings Intl, Inc.-Kern Instruments, Inc.).

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

CM 4 M VfU V0t0*00(0G 00 a. _) j cc( 0( Jr 0w c m to 4 ; nL n ( -4- - -C. 0).4 0000 O. m -4- 000 OI N Nl tD ) .?I i V o - C𔃾 CZ4 I0C4 ." -’ C14 0...27I 00. 00. C. 0A ) 0 z - - .-01 w4 w%~ in 0 0KI cc cc U C r (A 4 S z ( CL (A A (( II -I : l ft w- z- mml mm. . 0 4j m ’ C I I Of-l a w- 2 43 *.4 th

Application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for determining the location of buried polymer interfaces with tens of nanometer precision

DOE PAGES

Damin, Craig A.; Nguyen, Vy H. T.; Niyibizi, Auguste S.; ...

2015-02-11

In this study, near-infrared scanning angle (SA) Raman spectroscopy was utilized to determine the interface location in bilayer films (a stack of two polymer layers) of polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC). Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) calculations of the sum square electric field (SSEF) for films with total bilayer thicknesses of 1200–3600 nm were used to construct models for simultaneously measuring the film thickness and the location of the buried interface between the PS and PC layers. Samples with total thicknesses of 1320, 1890, 2300, and 2750 nm and varying PS/PC interface locations were analyzed using SA Raman spectroscopy. Comparing SA Raman spectroscopymore » and optical profilometry measurements, the average percent difference in the total bilayer thickness was 2.0% for films less than ~2300 nm thick. The average percent difference in the thickness of the PS layer, which reflects the interface location, was 2.5% when the PS layer was less than ~1800 nm. SA Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be a viable, non-destructive method capable of determining the total bilayer thickness and buried interface location for bilayer samples consisting of thin polymer films with comparable indices of refraction.« less

Breast cancer cells synchronous labeling and separation based on aptamer and fluorescence-magnetic silica nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Qiu-Yue; Huang, Wei; Jiang, Xing-Lin; Kang, Yan-Jun

2018-01-01

In this work, an efficient method based on biotin-labeled aptamer and streptavidin-conjugated fluorescence-magnetic silica nanoprobes (FITC@Fe3O4@SiNPs-SA) has been established for human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells synchronous labeling and separation. Carboxyl-modified fluorescence-magnetic silica nanoparticles (FITC@Fe3O4@SiNPs-COOH) were first synthesized using the Stöber method. Streptavidin (SA) was then conjugated to the surface of FITC@Fe3O4@SiNPs-COOH. The MCF-7 cell suspension was incubated with biotin-labeled MUC-1 aptamer. After centrifugation and washing, the cells were then treated with FITC@Fe3O4@SiNPs-SA. Afterwards, the mixtures were separated by a magnet. The cell-probe conjugates were then imaged using fluorescent microscopy. The results show that the MUC-1 aptamer could recognize and bind to the targeted cells with high affinity and specificity, indicating the prepared FITC@Fe3O4@SiNPs-SA with great photostability and superparamagnetism could be applied effectively in labeling and separation for MCF-7 cell in suspension synchronously. In addition, the feasibility of MCF-7 cells detection in peripheral blood was assessed. The results indicate that the method above is also applicable for cancer cells synchronous labeling and separation in complex biological system.

Preparation and application of epitope magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for enrichment of sulfonamide antibiotics in water.

PubMed

Hu, Yufeng; Wang, Cheng; Li, Xiangdao; Liu, Lifen

2017-10-01

Sulfonamides, which are widely used synthetic antibiotics, are hydrophilic and stable. They can easily migrate into the environment and aquatic animals, and increase the risk of cancer, drug resistance, and allergic symptoms if consumed by humans. Here, we developed an epitope magnetic imprinting approach to enrich multiple sulfonamide antibiotics from a water sample. Epitope magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (EMMIPs) were prepared by free-radical polymerization using vinyl-functioned Fe 3 O 4 as a core, sulfanilamide (SA) as a dummy template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The performance of the EMMIPs was first evaluated by rebinding SA, and then an adsorption experiment was conducted to assess the extraction of multiple sulfonamide antibiotics containing the SA group. The binding experiments showed that the EMMIPs reached adsorption equilibrium in only 5 min with adsorption of SA at 2040 μg/g, compared with just 462 μg/g for the epitope magnetic non-imprinted polymers. EMMIPs were combined with HPLC for the detection of six sulfonamide antibiotics in surface water samples. The recoveries ranged from 79.3 to 92.4% and the relative standard deviations from 0.9 to 7.3%. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Simultaneous Comparison of Two Roller Compaction Techniques and Two Particle Size Analysis Methods.

PubMed

Saarinen, Tuomas; Antikainen, Osmo; Yliruusi, Jouko

2017-11-01

A new dry granulation technique, gas-assisted roller compaction (GARC), was compared with conventional roller compaction (CRC) by manufacturing 34 granulation batches. The process variables studied were roll pressure, roll speed, and sieve size of the conical mill. The main quality attributes measured were granule size and flow characteristics. Within granulations also the real applicability of two particle size analysis techniques, sieve analysis (SA) and fast imaging technique (Flashsizer, FS), was tested. All granules obtained were acceptable. In general, the particle size of GARC granules was slightly larger than that of CRC granules. In addition, the GARC granules had better flowability. For example, the tablet weight variation of GARC granules was close to 2%, indicating good flowing and packing characteristics. The comparison of the two particle size analysis techniques showed that SA was more accurate in determining wide and bimodal size distributions while FS showed narrower and mono-modal distributions. However, both techniques gave good estimates for mean granule sizes. Overall, SA was a time-consuming but accurate technique that provided reliable information for the entire granule size distribution. By contrast, FS oversimplified the shape of the size distribution, but nevertheless yielded acceptable estimates for mean particle size. In general, FS was two to three orders of magnitude faster than SA.

Preparation of the chitosan/poly(glutamic acid)/alginate polyelectrolyte complexing hydrogel and study on its drug releasing property.

PubMed

Chen, Yu; Yan, Xiaoting; Zhao, Jian; Feng, Huaiyu; Li, Puwang; Tong, Zongrui; Yang, Ziming; Li, Sidong; Yang, Jueying; Jin, Shaohua

2018-07-01

In the current study, a novel semi-dissolution/acidification/sol-gel transition (SD-A-SGT) method was explored for the preparation of polyelectrolyte complexing (PEC) composite hydrogels with natural polymers only. A chitosan (CS) powder was uniformly dispersed in a solution of poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) and alginate (SA) to form a semi-dissolved slurry mixture that was then exposed to an gaseous acidic atmosphere. CS was gradually dissolved and interacted with PGA and SA to form a CS/PGA/SA PEC composite hydrogel with a homogeneous structure. The SD-A-SGT procedure was able to overcome the shortcomings of direct mixing method via the PEC interaction. The effects of the hydrogel composition on its structure and properties were investigated by FTIR, XRD, rheology study, XPS, SEM, and swelling kinetics. The drug delivery performance of the CS/PGA/SA hydrogel was explored using piroxicam (PXC) as a model drug. PXC was in situ embedded in the hydrogel by the SD-A-SGT method. The hydrogel exhibited pH responsive drug release behaviors that were affected by the hydrogel composition. In all, the SD-A-SGT method for preparing PEC composite hydrogels has a great application potential in constructing the CS based hydrogels as medical materials. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Role of salicylic acid in resistance to cadmium stress in plants.

PubMed

Liu, Zhouping; Ding, Yanfei; Wang, Feijuan; Ye, Yaoyao; Zhu, Cheng

2016-04-01

We review and introduce the importance of salicylic acid in plants under cadmium stress, and provide insights into potential regulatory mechanisms for alleviating cadmium toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and potentially toxic environmental pollutant, originating mainly from rapid industrial processes, the application of fertilizers, manures and sewage sludge, and urban activities. It is easily taken up by plants, resulting in obvious toxicity symptoms, including growth retardation, leaf chlorosis, leaf and root necrosis, altered structures and ultrastructures, inhibition of photosynthesis, and cell death. Therefore, alleviating Cd toxicity in plants is a major aim of plant research. Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous plant phenolic compound that has been used in many plant species to alleviate Cd toxicity by regulating plant growth, reducing Cd uptake and distribution in plants, protecting membrane integrity and stability, scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing antioxidant defense system, improving photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, SA functions as a signaling molecule involved in the expression of several important genes. Significant amounts of research have focused on understanding SA functions and signaling in plants under Cd stress, but several questions still remain unanswered. In this article, the influence of SA on Cd-induced stress in plants and the potential regulation mechanism for alleviating Cd toxicity are reviewed.

Situation Awareness Implications of Adaptive Automation of Air Traffic Controller Information Processing Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaber, David B.; McClernon, Christopher K.; Perry, Carlene M.; Segall, Noa

2004-01-01

The goal of this research was to define a measure of situation awareness (SA) in an air traffic control (ATC) task and to assess the influence of adaptive automation (AA) of various information processing functions on controller perception, comprehension and projection. The measure was also to serve as a basis for defining and developing an approach to triggering dynamic control allocations, as part of AA, based on controller SA. To achieve these objectives, an enhanced version of an ATC simulation (Multitask (copyright)) was developed for use in two human factors experiments. The simulation captured the basic functions of Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) and was capable of presenting to operators four different modes of control, including information acquisition, information analysis, decision making and action implementation automation, as well as a completely manual control mode. The SA measure that was developed as part of the research was based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), previous goal-directed task analyses of enroute control and TRACON, and a separate cognitive task analysis on the ATC simulation. The results of the analysis on Multitask were used as a basis for formulating SA queries as part of the SAGAT-based approach to measuring controller SA, which was used in the experiments. A total of 16 subjects were recruited for both experiments. Half the subjects were used in Experiment #1, which focused on assessing the sensitivity and reliability of the SA measurement approach in the ATC simulation. Comparisons were made of manual versus automated control. The remaining subjects were used in the second experiment, which was intended to more completely describe the SA implications of AA applied to specific controller information processing functions, and to describe how the measure could ultimately serve as a trigger of dynamic function allocations in the application of AA to ATC. Comparisons were made of the sensitivity of the SA measure to automation manipulations impacting both higher-order information processing functions, such as information analysis and decision making, versus lower-order functions, including information acquisition and action implementation. All subjects were exposed to all forms of AA of the ATC task and the manual control condition. The approach to AA used in both experiments was to match operator workload, assessed using a secondary task, to dynamic control allocations in the primary task. In total, the subjects in each experiment participated in 10 trials with each lasting between 45 minutes and 1 hour. In both experiments, ATC performance was measured in terms of aircraft cleared, conflicting, and collided. Secondary task (gauge monitoring) performance was assessed in terms of a hit-to-signal ratio. As part of the SA measure, three simulation freezes were conducted during each trial to administer queries on Level 1, 2, and 3 SA.

A study of Maryland dental hygienists' perceptions regarding self-assessment.

PubMed

Fried, J L; DeVore, L; Dailey, J

2001-01-01

This research applied the Theory of Reasoned Action to study dental hygienists' perceptions about self-assessment (SA). This theory suggests that individuals are likely to exhibit a given behavior, i.e., self-assessment, when they view it positively and when they believe that important others think they should perform it. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action model, the study addressed the following research questions: What are dental hygienists' beliefs, attitudes, motivations, and intentions regarding SA? Respondents were asked if they actually self-assess when providing dental hygiene services and if they felt they had adequate time to do so. The study also examined correlations between socio-demographic variables (i.e., initial year of licensure, educational level, practice characteristics, and professional membership) and self-assessment intention and behavior. A self-administered survey was mailed to 200 dental hygienists randomly selected from a list of all currently licensed dental hygienists in Maryland. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations to predict intention and behavior, and analyses of differences related to socio-demographic variables. A total of 119 usable surveys were returned after one mailing, achieving a 59.5% response rate. The demographic data indicated that the respondents were a representative sample, with 66% holding associate degrees, 30% baccalaureate degrees, and 3% masters' degrees. Respondents' attitudes toward SA and intention to perform SA were strongly positive (X = 2.7, 2.6 respectively, on a Likert Scale ranging from -3 to +3) and, as the Theory of Reasoned Action suggests, attitude was strongly associated with intention (r = .6673). However, in contrast to the Theory, intention was weakly associated with behavior (r = .3721). Only one socio-demographic variable correlated with SA intention or self-reported behavior. Subjects who worked 20 hours per week or more were significantly more likely to self-assess when providing dental hygiene care than those who worked less than 20 hours per week (p < .01, .0089). A majority of respondents (76%) reported that they consistently perform SA and felt they had adequate time to do so. Respondents seemed to be motivated by perceived benefits of SA rather than by social pressure to perform it. Dental hygienists in this study appear to value self-assessment, use it when they provide patient care, and believe they have the time to do it. The extent and scope of their SA behaviors were not investigated. As SA is an integral component of quality assurance, application of well-developed self-assessment strategies in both educational and practice settings may benefit both dental hygienists and the public they serve.

EIGER detector: application in macromolecular crystallography.

PubMed

Casanas, Arnau; Warshamanage, Rangana; Finke, Aaron D; Panepucci, Ezequiel; Olieric, Vincent; Nöll, Anne; Tampé, Robert; Brandstetter, Stefan; Förster, Andreas; Mueller, Marcus; Schulze-Briese, Clemens; Bunk, Oliver; Wang, Meitian

2016-09-01

The development of single-photon-counting detectors, such as the PILATUS, has been a major recent breakthrough in macromolecular crystallography, enabling noise-free detection and novel data-acquisition modes. The new EIGER detector features a pixel size of 75 × 75 µm, frame rates of up to 3000 Hz and a dead time as low as 3.8 µs. An EIGER 1M and EIGER 16M were tested on Swiss Light Source beamlines X10SA and X06SA for their application in macromolecular crystallography. The combination of fast frame rates and a very short dead time allows high-quality data acquisition in a shorter time. The ultrafine ϕ-slicing data-collection method is introduced and validated and its application in finding the optimal rotation angle, a suitable rotation speed and a sufficient X-ray dose are presented. An improvement of the data quality up to slicing at one tenth of the mosaicity has been observed, which is much finer than expected based on previous findings. The influence of key data-collection parameters on data quality is discussed.

Population attributable fraction: planning of diseases prevention actions in Brazil.

PubMed

Rezende, Leandro Fórnias Machado de; Eluf-Neto, José

2016-06-10

Epidemiology is the study of occurrence, distribution and determinants of health-related events, including the application of that knowledge to the prevention and control of health problems. However, epidemiological studies, in most cases, have limited their research questions to determinants of health outcomes. Research related to the application of knowledge for prevention and control of diseases have been neglected. In this comment, we present a description of how population attributable fraction estimates can provide important elements for planning of prevention and control of diseases in Brazil. RESUMO Epidemiologia é o estudo da ocorrência, distribuição e determinantes de eventos relacionados à saúde da população, incluindo a aplicação desse conhecimento para a prevenção e o controle dos problemas de saúde. Entretanto, estudos epidemiológicos, na maioria das vezes, têm limitado suas perguntas de pesquisa aos fatores determinantes de desfechos em saúde. Pesquisas relacionadas à aplicação do conhecimento para ações de prevenção e controle de doenças têm sido negligenciadas. Nesse comentário, apresentamos uma descrição de como as estimativas de fração atribuível populacional podem fornecer importantes elementos para planejamento de ações de prevenção e controle de doenças no Brasil.

Statistical detection of geographic clusters of resistant Escherichia coli in a regional network with WHONET and SaTScan

PubMed Central

Park, Rachel; O'Brien, Thomas F.; Huang, Susan S.; Baker, Meghan A.; Yokoe, Deborah S.; Kulldorff, Martin; Barrett, Craig; Swift, Jamie; Stelling, John

2016-01-01

Objectives While antimicrobial resistance threatens the prevention, treatment, and control of infectious diseases, systematic analysis of routine microbiology laboratory test results worldwide can alert new threats and promote timely response. This study explores statistical algorithms for recognizing geographic clustering of multi-resistant microbes within a healthcare network and monitoring the dissemination of new strains over time. Methods Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility data from a three-year period stored in WHONET were analyzed across ten facilities in a healthcare network utilizing SaTScan's spatial multinomial model with two models for defining geographic proximity. We explored geographic clustering of multi-resistance phenotypes within the network and changes in clustering over time. Results Geographic clustering identified from both latitude/longitude and non-parametric facility groupings geographic models were similar, while the latter was offers greater flexibility and generalizability. Iterative application of the clustering algorithms suggested the possible recognition of the initial appearance of invasive E. coli ST131 in the clinical database of a single hospital and subsequent dissemination to others. Conclusion Systematic analysis of routine antimicrobial resistance susceptibility test results supports the recognition of geographic clustering of microbial phenotypic subpopulations with WHONET and SaTScan, and iterative application of these algorithms can detect the initial appearance in and dissemination across a region prompting early investigation, response, and containment measures. PMID:27530311

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl potato starch and its application in reactive dye printing.

PubMed

Zhang, Bing; Gong, Honghong; Lü, Shaoyu; Ni, Boli; Liu, Mingzhu; Gao, Chunmei; Huang, Yinjuan; Han, Fei

2012-11-01

Carboxymethyl potato starch (CMPS) was synthesized with a simple dry and multi-step method as a product of the reaction of native potato starch and monochloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to anhydroglucose unit, the volume of 95% (v/v) ethanol, the rotation rate of motor driven stirrer and the reaction time for degree of substitution (DS) were evaluated. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). FTIR spectrometry showed new bonds at 1618 and 1424 cm⁻¹ when native starch underwent carboxymethylation. SEM pictures showed that the smooth surface of native starch particles was mostly ruptured. XRD revealed that starch crystallinity was reduced after carboxymethylation. The viscosity of the mixture paste of carboxymethyl starch and sodium alginate (SA) was measured using a rotational viscometer. In addition, the applied effect of mixed paste in reactive dye printing was examined by assessing the fabric stiffness, color yield and sharp edge to the printed image in comparison with SA. And the results indicated that the mixed paste could partially replace SA as thickener in reactive dye printing. The study also showed that the method was low cost and eco-friendly and the product would have an extensive application in reactive dye printing. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel fabrication of a robust superhydrophobic PU@ZnO@Fe3O4@SA sponge and its application in oil-water separations.

PubMed

Tran, Viet-Ha Thi; Lee, Byeong-Kyu

2017-12-13

We report a novel superhydrophobic material based on commercially available polyurethane (PU) sponge with high porosity, low density and good elasticity. The fabrication of a superhydrophobic sponge capable of efficiently separating oil from water was achieved by imitating or mimicking nature's designs. The original PU sponge was coated with zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid (SA) and iron oxide particles (Fe 3 O 4 ) via a facile and environmentally friendly method. After each treatment, the properties of the modified sponge were characterized, and the changes in wettability were examined. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements confirmed the excellent superhydrophobicity of the material withhigh static WCA of 161° andlow dynamic WCA (sliding WCA of 7° and shedding WCA of 8°). The fabricated sponge showed high efficiency in separation (over 99%) of different oils from water. Additionally, the fabricated PU@ZnO@Fe 3 O 4 @SA sponge could be magnetically guided to quickly absorb oil floating on the water surface. Moreover, the fabricated sponge showed excellent stability and reusability in terms of superhydrophobicity and oil absorption capacity. The durable, magnetic and superhydrophobic properties of the fabricated sponge render it applicable to the cleanup of marine oil spills and other oil-water separation issues, with eco-friendly recovery of the oil by simple squeezing process.

Rational optimization of drug-target residence time: Insights from inhibitor binding to the S. aureus FabI enzyme-product complex

PubMed Central

Chang, Andrew; Schiebel, Johannes; Yu, Weixuan; Bommineni, Gopal R.; Pan, Pan; Baxter, Michael V.; Khanna, Avinash; Sotriffer, Christoph A.; Kisker, Caroline; Tonge, Peter J.

2013-01-01

Drug-target kinetics has recently emerged as an especially important facet of the drug discovery process. In particular, prolonged drug-target residence times may confer enhanced efficacy and selectivity in the open in vivo system. However, the lack of accurate kinetic and structural data for series of congeneric compounds hinders the rational design of inhibitors with decreased off-rates. Therefore, we chose the Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-ACP reductase (saFabI) - an important target for the development of new anti-staphylococcal drugs - as a model system to rationalize and optimize the drug-target residence time on a structural basis. Using our new, efficient and widely applicable mechanistically informed kinetic approach, we obtained a full characterization of saFabI inhibition by a series of 20 diphenyl ethers complemented by a collection of 9 saFabI-inhibitor crystal structures. We identified a strong correlation between the affinities of the investigated saFabI diphenyl ether inhibitors and their corresponding residence times, which can be rationalized on a structural basis. Due to its favorable interactions with the enzyme, the residence time of our most potent compound exceeds 10 hours. In addition, we found that affinity and residence time in this system can be significantly enhanced by modifications predictable by a careful consideration of catalysis. Our study provides a blueprint for investigating and prolonging drug-target kinetics and may aid in the rational design of long-residence-time inhibitors targeting the essential saFabI enzyme. PMID:23697754

Understanding the types of fraud in claims to South African medical schemes.

PubMed

Legotlo, T G; Mutezo, A

2018-03-28

Medical schemes play a significant role in funding private healthcare in South Africa (SA). However, the sector is negatively affected by the high rate of fraudulent claims. To identify the types of fraudulent activities committed in SA medical scheme claims. A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted, adopting a case study strategy. A sample of 15 employees was purposively selected from a single medical scheme administration company in SA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from study participants. A thematic analysis of the data was done using ATLAS.ti software (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development, Germany). The study population comprised the 17 companies that administer medical schemes in SA. Data were collected from 15 study participants, who were selected from the medical scheme administrator chosen as a case study. The study found that medical schemes were defrauded in numerous ways. The perpetrators of this type of fraud include healthcare service providers, medical scheme members, employees, brokers and syndicates. Medical schemes are mostly defrauded by the submission of false claims by service providers and syndicates. Fraud committed by medical scheme members encompasses the sharing of medical scheme benefits with non-members (card farming) and non-disclosure of pre-existing conditions at the application stage. The study concluded that perpetrators of fraud have found several ways of defrauding SA medical schemes regarding claims. Understanding and identifying the types of fraud events facing medical schemes is the initial step towards establishing methods to mitigate this risk. Future studies should examine strategies to manage fraudulent medical scheme claims.

Virtual Reality as a Medium for Sensorimotor Adaptation Training and Spaceflight Countermeasures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madansingh, S.; Bloomberg, J. J.

2015-01-01

With the upcoming shift to extra-long duration missions (1 year) aboard the ISS, sensorimotor adaptations during transitory periods in-and-out of microgravity are more important to understand and prepare for. Advances in virtual reality technology enables everyday adoption of these tools for entertainment and use in training. Experiencing virtual environments (VE) allows for the manipulation of visual flow to elicit automatic motor behavior and produce sensorimotor adaptation (SA). Recently, the ability to train individuals using repeatable and varied exposures to SA challenges has shown success by improving performance during exposure to a novel environment (Batson 2011). This capacity to 'learn to learn' is referred to as sensorimotor adaptive generalizability and, through the use of treadmill training, represents an untapped potential for individualized countermeasures. The goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of present head mounted displays (HMDs) to produce compelling visual flow information and the expected adaptations for use in future SA treadmill-based countermeasures. Participants experience infinite hallways providing congruent (baseline) or incongruent visual information (half or double speed) via HMD while walking on an instrumented treadmill at 1.1m/s. As gait performance approaches baseline levels, an adaptation time constant is derived to establish individual time-to-adapt (TTA). It is hypothesized that decreasing the TTA through SA treadmill training will facilitate sensorimotor adaptation during gravitational transitions. In this way, HMD technology represents a novel platform for SA training using off-the-shelf consumer products for greater training flexibility in astronaut and terrestrial applications alike.

Discovery of human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes and their effects on fertility in male and female mice.

PubMed

Chen, Xuemei; Liu, Xiaodong; Ren, Xiuhua; Li, Xuewu; Wang, Li; Zang, Weidong

2016-03-01

The key goals of immunocontraception research are to obtain full contraceptive effects using vaccines administered to both males and females. Current research concerning human anti-sperm contraceptive vaccines is focused on delineating infertility-related epitopes to avoid autoimmune disease. We constructed phage-display peptide libraries to select epitope peptides derived from human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) using sera collected from infertile women harbouring anti-sperm antibodies. Following five rounds of selection, positive colonies were reconfirmed for reactivity with the immunoinfertile sera. We biopanned and analysed the chemical properties of four epitope peptides, named P82, Sa6, Sa37 and Sa76. Synthetic peptides were made and coupled to either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin. We used the BSA-conjugated peptides to immunise BALB/c mice and examined the effects on fertility in female and male mice. The synthetic peptides generated a sperm-specific antibody response in female and male mice that caused a contraceptive state. The immunocontraceptive effect was reversible and, with the disappearance of peptide-specific antibodies, there was complete restoration of fertility. Vaccinations using P82, Sa6 and Sa76 peptides resulted in no apparent side effects. Thus, it is efficient and practical to identify epitope peptide candidates by phage display. These peptides may find clinical application in the specific diagnosis and treatment of male and female infertility and contraceptive vaccine development.

The complete genome sequence of Eubacterium limosum SA11, a metabolically versatile rumen acetogen.

PubMed

Kelly, William J; Henderson, Gemma; Pacheco, Diana M; Li, Dong; Reilly, Kerri; Naylor, Graham E; Janssen, Peter H; Attwood, Graeme T; Altermann, Eric; Leahy, Sinead C

2016-01-01

Acetogens are a specialized group of anaerobic bacteria able to produce acetate from CO2 and H2 via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. In some gut environments acetogens can compete with methanogens for H2, and as a result rumen acetogens are of interest in the development of microbial approaches for methane mitigation. The acetogen Eubacterium limosum SA11 was isolated from the rumen of a New Zealand sheep and its genome has been sequenced to examine its potential application in methane mitigation strategies, particularly in situations where hydrogenotrophic methanogens are inhibited resulting in increased H2 levels in the rumen. The 4.15 Mb chromosome of SA11 has an average G + C content of 47 %, and encodes 3805 protein-coding genes. There is a single prophage inserted in the chromosome, and several other gene clusters appear to have been acquired by horizontal transfer. These include genes for cell wall glycopolymers, a type VII secretion system, cell surface proteins and chemotaxis. SA11 is able to use a variety of organic substrates in addition to H2/CO2, with acetate and butyrate as the principal fermentation end-products, and genes involved in these metabolic pathways have been identified. An unusual feature is the presence of 39 genes encoding trimethylamine methyltransferase family proteins, more than any other bacterial genome. Overall, SA11 is a metabolically versatile organism, but its ability to grow on such a wide range of substrates suggests it may not be a suitable candidate to take the place of hydrogen-utilizing methanogens in the rumen.

Salicylic acid-mediated establishment of the compatibility between Alternaria brassicicola and Brassica juncea is mitigated by abscisic acid in Sinapis alba.

PubMed

Mazumder, Mrinmoy; Das, Srirupa; Saha, Upala; Chatterjee, Madhuvanti; Bannerjee, Kaushik; Basu, Debabrata

2013-09-01

This work addresses the changes in the phytohormonal signature in the recognition of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola by susceptible Brassica juncea and resistant Sinapis alba. Although B. juncea, S. alba and Arabidopsis all belong to the same family, Brassicaceae, the phytohormonal response of susceptible B. juncea towards this pathogen is unique because the latter two species express non-host resistance. The differential expression of the PR1 gene and the increased level of salicylic acid (SA) indicated that an SA-mediated biotrophic mode of defence response was triggered in B. juncea upon challenge with the pathogen. Compared to B. juncea, resistant S. alba initiated enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) responses following challenge with this pathogen, as revealed by monitoring the expression of ABA-related genes along with the concentration of ABA and JA. Furthermore, these results were verified by the exogenous application of ABA on B. juncea leaves prior to challenge with A. brassicicola, which resulted in a delayed disease progression, followed by the inhibition of the pathogen-mediated increase in SA response and enhanced JA levels. Therefore, it seems that A. brassicicola is steering the defence response towards a biotrophic mode by mounting an SA response in susceptible B. juncea, whereas the enhanced ABA response of S. alba not only counteracts the SA response but also restores the necrotrophic mode of resistance by enhancing JA biosynthesis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Construction of a Simple Respirometer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taboga, Leandro

1979-01-01

Instructions for making a simple respirometer, to measure rates of oxygen consumption of organisms, are presented. The instrument incorporates most of the basic elements of commercial respirometers but can be made inexpensively by high school students. Operating instructions and applications are given. (Author/SA)

New hybrid reflectance optical pulse oximetry sensor for lower oxygen saturation measurement and for broader clinical application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nogawa, Masamichi; Ching, Chong Thong; Ida, Takeyuki; Itakura, Keiko; Takatani, Setsuo

1997-06-01

A new reflectance pulse oximeter sensor for lower arterial oxygen saturation (Sa)2) measurement has been designed and evaluated in animals prior to clinical trials. The new sensor incorporates ten light emitting diode chips for each wavelength of 730 and 880 nm mounted symmetrically and at the radial separation distance of 7 mm around a photodiode chip. The separation distance of 7 mm was chosen to maximize the ratio of the pulsatile to the average plethysmographic signal level at each wavelength. The 730 and 880 wavelength combination was determined to obtain a linear relationship between the reflectance ratio of the 730 and 880 nm wavelengths and Sa)2. In addition to these features of the sensor, the Fast Fourier Transform method was employed to compute the pulsatile and average signal level at each wavelength. The performance of the new reflectance pulse oximeter sensor was evaluated in dogs in comparison to the 665/910 nm sensor. As predicted by the theoretical simulation based on a 3D photon diffusion theory, the 730/880 nm sensor demonstrated an excellent linearity over the SaO2 range from 100 to 30 percent. For the SaO2 range between 100 and 70 percent, the 665/910 and 730/880 sensors showed the standard error of around 3.5 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively, in comparison to the blood samples. For the range between 70 and 30 percent, the standard error of the 730/880 nm sensor was only 2.7 percent, while that of the 665/910 nm sensor was 9.5 percent. The 730/880 sensor showed improved accuracy for a wide range of SaO2 particularly over the range between 70 and 30 percent. This new reflectance sensor can provide noninvasive measurement of SaO2 accurately over the wide saturation range from 100 to 30 percent.

Development of nanostructured lipid carriers containing salicyclic acid for dermal use based on the Quality by Design method.

PubMed

Kovács, A; Berkó, Sz; Csányi, E; Csóka, I

2017-03-01

The aim of our present work was to evaluate the applicability of the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology in the development and optimalization of nanostructured lipid carriers containing salicyclic acid (NLC SA). Within the Quality by Design methology, special emphasis is layed on the adaptation of the initial risk assessment step in order to properly identify the critical material attributes and critical process parameters in formulation development. NLC SA products were formulated by the ultrasonication method using Compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid, Miglyol 812 as liquid lipid and Cremophor RH 60® as surfactant. LeanQbD Software and StatSoft. Inc. Statistica for Windows 11 were employed to indentify the risks. Three highly critical quality attributes (CQAs) for NLC SA were identified, namely particle size, particle size distribution and aggregation. Five attributes of medium influence were identified, including dissolution rate, dissolution efficiency, pH, lipid solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and entrapment efficiency. Three critical material attributes (CMA) and critical process parameters (CPP) were identified: surfactant concentration, solid lipid/liquid lipid ratio and ultrasonication time. The CMAs and CPPs are considered as independent variables and the CQAs are defined as dependent variables. The 2 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the role of the independent and dependent variables. Based on our experiments, an optimal formulation can be obtained when the surfactant concentration is set to 5%, the solid lipid/liquid lipid ratio is 7:3 and ultrasonication time is 20min. The optimal NLC SA showed narrow size distribution (0.857±0.014) with a mean particle size of 114±2.64nm. The NLC SA product showed a significantly higher in vitro drug release compared to the micro-particle reference preparation containing salicylic acid (MP SA). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A comparison of a 5% potassium hydroxide solution with a 5-fluorouracil and salicylic acid combination in the treatment of patients with anogenital warts: a randomized, open-label clinical trial.

PubMed

Işik, Selda; Koca, Rafet; Sarici, Gülben; Altinyazar, Hilmi Cevdet

2014-09-01

Anogenital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), over 30 types of which are infectious for the anogenital tract. Without treatment, warts may regress spontaneously, remain unchanged, or increase in number and size. This study compared the efficacy of a topical 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution with that of a topical 0.5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 10% salicylic acid (SA) combination in the treatment of anogenital warts. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive topical KOH or 5-FU + SA. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in numbers of lesions (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant at week 12 (P > 0.05). The mean number of lesions decreased from baseline to week 12 from 17.03 ± 12.64 to 3.73 ± 7.30 and from 16.13 ± 12.97 to 3.10 ± 4.90 in the KOH and 5-FU + SA groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Excellent clearance was achieved by 70.0 and 76.7% of patients in the KOH and 5-FU + SA groups, respectively. Marked improvement was seen in 13.3 and 20.0% of patients in the KOH and 5-FU + SA groups, respectively. At week 16, relapse was observed in two patients in the KOH group and three in the 5-FU + SA group (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Neither treatment was more efficacious. Safety and ease of application are important goals in treatments for anogenital warts. A 5% KOH solution is a promising alternative treatment because it is effective and inexpensive and causes minimal side effects. © 2014 The International Society of Dermatology.

Solar Photovoltaic Energy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehrenreich, Henry; Martin, John H.

1979-01-01

The goals of solar photovoltaic technology in contributing to America's future energy needs are presented in this study conducted by the American Physical Society. Although the time needed for photovoltaics to become popular is several decades away, according to the author, short-range applications are given. (Author/SA)

77 FR 55523 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Application for Employment as a Locally...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

... . Mail: U.S. Department of State--SA-44, HR/OE, Suite 368, Attention: Caroline Cole, 301 4th Street SW... employment use the DS-0174 to apply for Mission- advertised positions throughout the world. Mission...

77 FR 51988 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

...: Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. Description: SA 2294 Heritage Garden-ATC GIA J060... Revenues, True-Up Period Adjustment, Retail Rate Design, & CAISO Wholesale High Voltage Transmission Access.... Docket Numbers: ER12-2455-000. Applicants: Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc., Mid...

Alloy-steel nuts for bolting for high-pressure and high-temperature service (ASME SA-194 with additional requirements)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This standard covers alloy steel nuts for bolting for high-pressure and high-temperature service in nuclear and associated applications. This standard does not cover bar or other starting materials. The only implied special considerations for starting materials are that they be capable of passing the required tests when processed into finished products in accordance with this standard. Material shall conform to the requirements of ASME SA-194; to the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME Code), Section III, Article NB-2000; to the requirements of NE E 8-18; and to the additional requirements of this standard.

Beyond the Classical Performance Limitations Controlling Uncertain MIMO Systems: UAV Applications. 2nd Session

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

en ts m et ho ds - 1s t fle xi bl e m od e ha s be en co ns id er ed fo re ac h be am an d al on g its X a nd Y...s b ee n pr es en te d. • Th e te ch ni qu e ha s b ee n va lid at ed w ith a D ar w in -ty pe sp ac ec ra ft w ith fle xi bl e ap pe nd ag es...2. 1 M ar io G ar ci a- Sa nz M ar io G ar ci a- Sa nz A

Salicylic Acid Regulates Pollen Tip Growth through an NPR3/NPR4-Independent Pathway.

PubMed

Rong, Duoyan; Luo, Nan; Mollet, Jean Claude; Liu, Xuanming; Yang, Zhenbiao

2016-11-07

Tip growth is a common strategy for the rapid elongation of cells to forage the environment and/or to target to long-distance destinations. In the model tip growth system of Arabidopsis pollen tubes, several small-molecule hormones regulate their elongation, but how these rapidly diffusing molecules control extremely localized growth remains mysterious. Here we show that the interconvertible salicylic acid (SA) and methylated SA (MeSA), well characterized for their roles in plant defense, oppositely regulate Arabidopsis pollen tip growth with SA being inhibitory and MeSA stimulatory. The effect of SA and MeSA was independent of known NPR3/NPR4 SA receptor-mediated signaling pathways. SA inhibited clathrin-mediated endocytosis in pollen tubes associated with an increased accumulation of less stretchable demethylated pectin in the apical wall, whereas MeSA did the opposite. Furthermore, SA and MeSA alter the apical activation of ROP1 GTPase, a key regulator of tip growth in pollen tubes, in an opposite manner. Interestingly, both MeSA methylesterase and SA methyltransferase, which catalyze the interconversion between SA and MeSA, are localized at the apical region of pollen tubes, indicating of the tip-localized production of SA and MeSA and consistent with their effects on the apical cellular activities. These findings suggest that local generation of a highly diffusible signal can regulate polarized cell growth, providing a novel mechanism of cell polarity control apart from the one involving protein and mRNA polarization. Copyright © 2016 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa-mediated hybrid male sterility in rice.

PubMed

Xie, Yongyao; Niu, Baixiao; Long, Yunming; Li, Gousi; Tang, Jintao; Zhang, Yaling; Ren, Ding; Liu, Yao-Guang; Chen, Letian

2017-09-01

Hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter-subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica-indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica-japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid-compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa-n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid-compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa-n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding. © 2017 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Comparison of two estimation methods for surface area concentration using number concentration and mass concentration of combustion-related ultrafine particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Ji Young; Raynor, Peter C.; Maynard, Andrew D.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Ramachandran, Gurumurthy

Recent research has suggested that the adverse health effects caused by nanoparticles are associated with their surface area (SA) concentrations. In this study, SA was estimated in two ways using number and mass concentrations and compared with SA (SA meas) measured using a diffusion charger (DC). Aerosol measurements were made twice: once starting in October 2002 and again starting in December 2002 in Mysore, India in residences that used kerosene or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Mass, number, and SA concentrations and size distributions by number were measured in each residence. The first estimation method (SA PSD) used the size distribution by number to estimate SA. The second method (SA INV) used a simple inversion scheme that incorporated number and mass concentrations while assuming a lognormal size distribution with a known geometrical standard deviation. SA PSD was, on average, 2.4 times greater (range = 1.6-3.4) than SA meas while SA INV was, on average, 6.0 times greater (range = 4.6-7.7) than SA meas. The logarithms of SA PSD and SA INV were found to be statistically significant predictors of the logarithm of SA meas. The study showed that particle number and mass concentration measurements can be used to estimate SA with a correction factor that ranges between 2 and 6.

The spatial QRS-T angle in the Frank vectorcardiogram: accuracy of estimates derived from the 12-lead electrocardiogram.

PubMed

Schreurs, Charlotte A; Algra, Annemijn M; Man, Sum-Che; Cannegieter, Suzanne C; van der Wall, Ernst E; Schalij, Martin J; Kors, Jan A; Swenne, Cees A

2010-01-01

The spatial QRS-T angle (SA), a predictor of sudden cardiac death, is a vectorcardiographic variable. Gold standard vertorcardiograms (VCGs) are recorded by using the Frank electrode positions. However, with the commonly available 12-lead ECG, VCGs must be synthesized by matrix multiplication (inverse Dower matrix/Kors matrix). Alternatively, Rautaharju proposed a method to calculate SA directly from the 12-lead ECG. Neither spatial angles computed by using the inverse Dower matrix (SA-D) nor by using the Kors matrix (SA-K) or by using Rautaharju's method (SA-R) have been validated with regard to the spatial angles as directly measured in the Frank VCG (SA-F). Our present study aimed to perform this essential validation. We analyzed SAs in 1220 simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECGs and VCGs, in all data, in SA-F-based tertiles, and after stratification according to pathology or sex. Linear regression of SA-K, SA-D, and SA-R on SA-F yielded offsets of 0.01 degree, 20.3 degrees, and 28.3 degrees and slopes of 0.96, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. The bias of SA-K with respect to SA-F (mean +/- SD, -3.2 degrees +/- 13.9 degrees) was significantly (P < .001) smaller than the bias of both SA-D and SA-R with respect to SA-F (8.0 degrees +/- 18.6 degrees and 9.8 degrees +/- 24.6 degrees, respectively); tertile analysis showed a much more homogeneous behavior of the bias in SA-K than of both the bias in SA-D and in SA-R. In pathologic ECGs, there was no significant bias in SA-K; bias in men and women did not differ. SA-K resembled SA-F best. In general, when there is no specific reason either to synthesize VCGs with the inverse Dower matrix or to calculate the spatial QRS-T angle with Rautaharju's method, it seems prudent to use the Kors matrix. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Cardiac computed tomography: new applications of an evolving technique].

PubMed

Martín, María; Corros, Cecilia; Calvo, Juan; Mesa, Alicia; García-Campos, Ana; Rodríguez, María Luisa; Barreiro, Manuel; Rozado, José; Colunga, Santiago; de la Hera, Jesús M; Morís, César; Luyando, Luis H

2015-01-01

During the last years we have witnessed an increasing development of imaging techniques applied in Cardiology. Among them, cardiac computed tomography is an emerging and evolving technique. With the current possibility of very low radiation studies, the applications have expanded and go further coronariography In the present article we review the technical developments of cardiac computed tomography and its new applications. Copyright © 2014 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xiong, Guangyao; Luo, Honglin; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072

Graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are frequently used as reinforcements in polymers to improve mechanical and biological properties. In this work, novel porous hybrid nanocomposites consisting of GO, HAp, and sodium alginate (SA) have been prepared by facile solution mixing and freeze drying in an attempt to obtain a scaffold with desirable mechanical and biological properties. The as-prepared porous GO/HAp/SA hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and mechanical testing. In addition, preliminary cell behavior was assessed by CCK8 assay. It is found that the GO/HAp/SA nanocomposites show improved compressive strength and modulus over neat SA andmore » HAp/SA nanocomposites. CCK8 results reveal that the GO/HAp/SA nanocomposites show enhanced cell proliferation over neat SA and GO/SA nanocomposite. It has been demonstrated that GO/HAp20/SA holds promise in bone tissue engineering. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • Graphene oxide (GO), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and alginate (SA) nanocomposites were fabricated. • The novel porous composites were prepared by solution mixture and freeze drying. • The GO/HAp/SA had porous structure with porosity > 85% and pore size > 150 μm. • The GO/HAp/SA exhibited improved mechanical properties over HAp/SA counterparts. • The GO/HAp/SA showed enhanced cell proliferation over GO/SA counterparts.« less

Development of community based model of Tawanchai Center: sufficiency economy principles for community Development an applicability at Bankhambong Community, Sa-ard Sub-district, Nampong District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

PubMed

Kotrmaneetaweetong, Unchana; Choopen, Hhakuan; Chowchuen, Bowornsilp

2012-11-01

The objectives of the present study are 1) to study the application of sufficiency economy philosophy in community development as a model for future application of community health care program of Tawanchai Center, 2) study the administrative model for self sufficiency economy community in Bankhambong Community, Sa-ard Sub-district, Nampong District, Khon Kaen Province. The integrated study model included qualitative research by collecting data from documents, textbook, article, report, theory concept, researches and interviewing of relevant persons and the quantitative research by collecting data from questionnaires. The findings of study included objectives for development model of sufficiency economy for understanding of people, and use the philosophy of sufficiency economy model which compose of decrease expenditure, increase income activities, saving activities, learning activities and preservation of environment and sustainable natural resources activities. Decrease in expenditure activities included household gardening, and no allurements leading to ruin. Increase in income activities included supplement occupation and appropriate use of technology. Saving activities included creating saving group in household and community level. Learning activities included community use of local wisdom, and household learnt philosophy of sufficiency economy in daily living. Preservation of environment and sustainable natural resources activities included the use of sustainable raw materials in occupation. The generosity of one another activities included helping each other and solving problems for the poor and disable persons. The community development at in Bankhambong Community, Sa-ard Sub-district, Nampong District, Khon Kaen Province followed all of the above scope and guidelines and is the model for application of sufficiency community philosophy. We recommended method for successful implementation, including the starting from group process with capability of learning to create strong and adequate knowledge to apply sufficiency economy model and cover health care.

77 FR 36607 - Office of Hazardous Materials Safety Notice of Applications for Modification of Special Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... is desired, include a self-addressed stamped postcard showing the special permit number. FOR FURTHER... de Mexico, 49 CFR 173.301(a), To modify the special S.A. C.V. de Ciudad 173.302(a), permit to...

32 CFR Appendix F to Part 651 - Glossary

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... ASA(AL&T) Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology). ASA(FM) Assistant.../Cost Analysis. EICS Environmental Impact Computer System. EIFS Economic Impact Forecast System. EIS... Record of Non-Applicability. RSC Regional Support Command. S&T Science and Technology. SA Secretary of...

32 CFR Appendix F to Part 651 - Glossary

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... ASA(AL&T) Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology). ASA(FM) Assistant.../Cost Analysis. EICS Environmental Impact Computer System. EIFS Economic Impact Forecast System. EIS... Record of Non-Applicability. RSC Regional Support Command. S&T Science and Technology. SA Secretary of...

32 CFR Appendix F to Part 651 - Glossary

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... ASA(AL&T) Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology). ASA(FM) Assistant.../Cost Analysis. EICS Environmental Impact Computer System. EIFS Economic Impact Forecast System. EIS... Record of Non-Applicability. RSC Regional Support Command. S&T Science and Technology. SA Secretary of...

Helicopter internal noise reduction research and development application to the SA 360 and SA 365 Dauphin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marze, H. J.; Dambra, F.

1978-01-01

Noise sources inside helicopter cabins are considered with emphasis on the mechanisms of vibration generation inside the main gear box and mechanisms of transmission between source and cabin. The dynamic behavior of the main gear box components is examined in relation to the transfer of vibration energy to the structure. It is indicated that although improvements can be made in noise reduction at the source, a soundproofing treatment isolating the passenger from the noise source is necessary. Soundproofing treatments installed and optimized include: (1) an acoustic screen using the weight effect to isolate the passenger from the noise source; (2) a damping treatment to limit the conversion of the vibratory energy into acoustic energy; and (3) an absorbing treatment achieved either through HELMHOLTZ resonators or through a glass wool blanket to limit the propagation of acoustic waves and the wave reflection effects in the cabin. The application of treatments at the source and the optimization of the sound barriers improved the noise level by about 30 db.

MoS2-clad microfibre laser delivering conventional, dispersion-managed and dissipative solitons

PubMed Central

Cui, Yudong; Lu, Feifei; Liu, Xueming

2016-01-01

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), whose monolayer possesses a direct band gap, displays promising applications in optoelectronics, photonics, and lasers. Recent researches have demonstrated that MoS2 has not only a significant broadband saturable absorption performance, but also a higher optical nonlinear response than graphene. However, MoS2 shows much lower optical damage threshold owing to the poorer thermal conductivity and mechanical property. Here, we exploit a MoS2-clad microfibre (MCM) as the saturable absorber (SA) for the generation of ultrashort pulses under different dispersion conditions. The improved evanescent field interaction scheme can overcome the laser-induced thermal damage, as well as take full advantage of the strong nonlinear effect of MoS2. With the MCM SA, conventional, dispersion-managed, and dissipative solitons are generated around 1600 nm in Er-doped fibre lasers with anomalous, near-zero, and normal cavity dispersions, respectively. Our work paves the way for applications of 2D layered materials in photonics, especially in laser sources. PMID:27456468

The new technological solution for the JT-60SA quench protection circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaio, E.; Maistrello, A.; Novello, L.; Matsukawa, M.; Perna, M.; Ferro, A.; Yamauchi, K.; Piovan, R.

2018-07-01

An advanced technology has been developed and employed for the main circuit breakers (CB) of the quench protection circuits (QPC) of the superconducting coils of JT-60SA: it consists in a Hybrid mechanical-static CB (HCB) composed of a mechanical Bypass switch (BPS) for conducting the continuous current, in parallel to a static circuit breaker (SCB) based on integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) for current interruption. It was the result of a R&D program carried out since 2006 to identify innovative solutions for the interruption of high dc current, able to improve the maintainability and availability of the CB. The HCB developed for the JT-60SA QPC is the first realization of a dc circuit breaker based on this design approach for interrupting current of some tens of kA with reapplied voltage of some kV. It also represents the first application of hybrid technology with IGCT for protection of superconducting magnets in fusion experiments. The paper aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the main R&D activities devoted to the development of this new technological approach; then, the key aspects of the design, manufacturing and testing of the QPCs for JT-60SA, successfully completed in Naka Site in summer 2015 are presented. Finally, the significance of this research is discussed and the possible future developments, in particular in view of DEMO fusion reactor, are outlined.

Synergistic effects of sodium 
ascorbate and acetone to restore compromised bond strength 
after enamel bleaching.

PubMed

Boruziniat, Alireza; Manafi, Safa; Cehreli, Zafer C

To evaluate the effect of a new experimental solution containing sodium ascorbate (SA) and acetone on reversing compromised bonding to enamel immediately after bleaching. The buccal surface of intact, extracted human premolars (n = 60) was bleached. The teeth were then randomly assigned to 6  groups according to the type of pretreatment applied prior to adhesive procedures: 10% SA in acetone-water solution applied for 1 and 5 min (groups 1 and 2, respectively); aqueous solution of 10% SA applied for 10 min (group 3); 100% acetone applied for 10 min (group 4); no pretreatment (negative control; group 5). An additional group (positive control; group 6) comprised unbleached teeth (n = 12). Two composite microcylinders were bonded on each specimen for evaluation of microshear bond strength (MBS) and failure modes. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc and chi-square tests at P = 0.05. Groups 1 and 2 yielded similar MBS values to groups 4 and 6 (positive control). The mean MBS of groups 3 and 5 (negative control) were similar, and significantly lower than that of the positive control group. The application of 10% SA in an acetone-water solution prior to bonding procedures can restore compromised enamel bond strength to its unbleached state within a clinically acceptable time of 1 min.

Shifting from priming of salicylic acid- to jasmonic acid-regulated defences by Trichoderma protects tomato against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

PubMed

Martínez-Medina, Ainhoa; Fernandez, Ivan; Lok, Gerrit B; Pozo, María J; Pieterse, Corné M J; Van Wees, Saskia C M

2017-02-01

Beneficial root endophytes such as Trichoderma spp. can reduce infections by parasitic nematodes through triggering host defences. Little is currently known about the complex hormone signalling underlying the induction of resistance. In this study, we investigated whether Trichoderma modulates the hormone signalling network in the host to induce resistance to nematodes. We investigated the role and the timing of the jasmonic acid (JA)- and salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defensive pathways in Trichoderma-induced resistance to the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. A split-root system of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was used to study local and systemic induced defences by analysing nematode performance, defence gene expression, responsiveness to exogenous hormone application, and dependence on SA and JA signalling of Trichoderma-induced resistance. Root colonization by Trichoderma impeded nematode performance both locally and systemically at multiple stages of the parasitism, that is, invasion, galling and reproduction. First, Trichoderma primed SA-regulated defences, which limited nematode root invasion. Then, Trichoderma enhanced JA-regulated defences, thereby antagonizing the deregulation of JA-dependent immunity by the nematodes, which compromised galling and fecundity. Our results show that Trichoderma primes SA- and JA-dependent defences in roots, and that the priming of responsiveness to these hormones upon nematode attack is plastic and adaptive to the parasitism stage. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Gelation of Na-alginate aqueous solution: A study of sodium ion dynamics via NMR relaxometry.

PubMed

Zhao, Congxian; Zhang, Chao; Kang, Hongliang; Xia, Yanzhi; Sui, Kunyan; Liu, Ruigang

2017-08-01

Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels have a wide range of applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery and formulations for preventing gastric reflux. The dynamics of sodium ions during the gelation process of SA solution is critical for clarification of the gelation procedure. In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) NMR diffusometry were used to investigate the dynamics of the sodium ions during the gelation of SA alginate. We find that sodium ions are in two different states with the addition of divalent calcium ions, corresponding to Ca 2+ crosslinked and un-crosslinked regions in the hydrogels. The sodium ions within the un-crosslinked regions are those released from the alginate chains without Ca 2+ crosslinking. The relative content of sodium ions within the Ca 2+ crosslinked regions decreased with the increase in the content of calcium ions in the system. The relaxation time T 2 of sodium ions within the Ca 2+ crosslinked and un-crosslinked regions shift to shorter and longer relaxation time with the increase in concentration of calcium ion, which indicates the closer package of SA chains and the larger space for the diffusion of free sodium ions. This work clarifies the dynamics of 23 Na + in a calcium alginate gel at the equilibrium state. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salicylic Acid Regulation of Respiration in Higher Plants: Alternative Oxidase Expression.

PubMed Central

Rhoads, DM; McIntosh, L

1992-01-01

Alternative respiratory pathway capacity increases during the development of the thermogenic appendix of a voodoo lily inflorescence. The levels of the alternative oxidase proteins increased dramatically between D-4 (4 days prior to the day of anthesis) and D-3 and continued to increase until the day of anthesis (D-day). The level of salicylic acid (SA) in the appendix is very low early on D-1, but increases to a high level in the evening of D-1. Thermogenesis occurs after a few hours of light on D-day. Therefore, the initial accumulation of the alternative oxidase proteins precedes the increase in SA by 3 days, indicating that other regulators may be involved. A 1.6-kb transcript encoding the alternative oxidase precursor protein accumulated to a high level in the appendix tissue by D-1. Application of SA to immature appendix tissue caused an increase in alternative pathway capacity and a dramatic accumulation of the alternative oxidase proteins and the 1.6-kb transcript. Time course experiments showed that the increase in capacity, protein levels, and transcript level corresponded precisely. The response to SA was blocked by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, indicating that de novo transcription and translation are required. However, nuclear, in vitro transcription assays indicated that the accumulation of the 1.6-kb transcript did not result from a simple increase in the rate of transcription of aox1. PMID:12297672

Isolation of Antagonistic Endophytes from Banana Roots against Meloidogyne javanica and Their Effects on Soil Nematode Community

PubMed Central

Su, Lanxi; Shen, Zongzhuan; Ruan, Yunze; Tao, Chengyuan; Chao, Yifan; Li, Rong; Shen, Qirong

2017-01-01

Banana production is seriously hindered by Meloidogyne spp. all over the world. Endophytes are ideal candidates compared to pesticides as an environmentally benign agent. In the present study, endophytes isolated from banana roots infected by Meloidogyne spp. with different disease levels were tested in vitro, and in sterile and nature banana monoculture soils against Meloidogyne javanica. The proportion of antagonistic endophytes were higher in the roots of middle and high disease levels. Among those, bacteria were dominant, and Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp. and Streptomyces spp. showed more abundant populations. One strain, named as SA, with definite root inner-colonization ability was isolated and identified as Streptomyces sp. This strain showed an inhibiting rate of >50% in vitro and biocontrol efficiency of 70.7% in sterile soil against Meloidogyne javanica, compared to the control. Greenhouse experiment results showed that the strain SA exhibits excellent biological control ability for plant-parasites both in roots and in root-knot nematode infested soil. SA treatment showed a higher number of bacterivores, especially Mesorhabditis and Cephalobus. The maturity index was significantly lower, while enrichment index (EI) was significantly higher in the SA treatment. In conclusion, this study presents an important potential application of the endophytic strain Streptomyces sp. for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, especially Meloidogyne javanica, and presents the effects on the associated variation of the nematode community. PMID:29123509

Alpha-momorcharin enhances Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in tobaccoNN by manipulating jasmonic acid-salicylic acid crosstalk.

PubMed

Yang, Ting; Zhu, Li-Sha; Meng, Yao; Lv, Rui; Zhou, Zhuo; Zhu, Lin; Lin, Hong-Hui; Xi, De-Hui

2018-04-01

Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) is a type-I ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) with a molecular weight of 29 kDa found in plants. This protein has been shown to be effective against a broad range of human viruses and also has anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanism by which α-MMC induces plant defense responses and regulates the N gene to promote resistance to the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is still not clear. By using pharmacological and infection experiments, we found that α-MMC enhances TMV resistance of tobacco plants containing the N gene (tobacco NN ). Our results showed that plants pretreated with 0.5 mg/ml α-MMC could relieve TMV-induced oxidative damage, had enhanced the expression of the N gene and increased biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Moreover, transcription of JA and SA signaling pathway genes were increased, and their expression persisted for a longer period of time in plants pretreated with α-MMC compared with those pretreated with water. Importantly, exogenous application of 1-Aminobenzotriazole (ABT, SA inhibitor) and ibuprofen (JA inhibitor) reduced α-MMC induced plant resistance under viral infection. Thus, our results revealed that α-MMC enhances TMV resistance of tobacco NN plants by manipulating JA-SA crosstalk. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Constitutively elevated salicylic acid levels alter photosynthesis and oxidative state but not growth in transgenic populus.

PubMed

Xue, Liang-Jiao; Guo, Wenbing; Yuan, Yinan; Anino, Edward O; Nyamdari, Batbayar; Wilson, Mark C; Frost, Christopher J; Chen, Han-Yi; Babst, Benjamin A; Harding, Scott A; Tsai, Chung-Jui

2013-07-01

Salicylic acid (SA) has long been implicated in plant responses to oxidative stress. SA overproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to dwarfism, making in planta assessment of SA effects difficult in this model system. We report that transgenic Populus tremula × alba expressing a bacterial SA synthase hyperaccumulated SA and SA conjugates without negative growth consequences. In the absence of stress, endogenously elevated SA elicited widespread metabolic and transcriptional changes that resembled those of wild-type plants exposed to oxidative stress-promoting heat treatments. Potential signaling and oxidative stress markers azelaic and gluconic acids as well as antioxidant chlorogenic acids were strongly coregulated with SA, while soluble sugars and other phenylpropanoids were inversely correlated. Photosynthetic responses to heat were attenuated in SA-overproducing plants. Network analysis identified potential drivers of SA-mediated transcriptome rewiring, including receptor-like kinases and WRKY transcription factors. Orthologs of Arabidopsis SA signaling components NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 and thioredoxins were not represented. However, all members of the expanded Populus nucleoredoxin-1 family exhibited increased expression and increased network connectivity in SA-overproducing Populus, suggesting a previously undescribed role in SA-mediated redox regulation. The SA response in Populus involved a reprogramming of carbon uptake and partitioning during stress that is compatible with constitutive chemical defense and sustained growth, contrasting with the SA response in Arabidopsis, which is transient and compromises growth if sustained.

Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Sleep Apnea--A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

PubMed

Chen, Chia-Min; Tsai, Ming-Ju; Wei, Po-Ju; Su, Yu-Chung; Yang, Chih-Jen; Wu, Meng-Ni; Hsu, Chung-Yao; Hwang, Shang-Jyh; Chong, Inn-Wen; Huang, Ming-Shyan

2015-01-01

Increased incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been reported among patients with sleep apnea (SA). However, this association has not been confirmed in a large-scale study. We therefore performed a population-based cohort study using Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) database to investigate the association of SA and ED. From the database of one million representative subjects randomly sampled from individuals enrolled in the NHI system in 2010, we identified adult patients having SA and excluded those having a diagnosis of ED prior to SA. From these suspected SA patients, those having SA diagnosis after polysomnography were defined as probable SA patients. The dates of their first SA diagnosis were defined as their index dates. Each SA patient was matched to 30 randomly-selected, age-matched control subjects without any SA diagnosis. The control subjects were assigned index dates as their corresponding SA patients, and were ensured having no ED diagnosis prior to their index dates. Totally, 4,835 male patients with suspected SA (including 1,946 probable SA patients) were matched to 145,050 control subjects (including 58,380 subjects matched to probable SA patients). The incidence rate of ED was significantly higher in probable SA patients as compared with the corresponding control subjects (5.7 vs. 2.3 per 1000 patient-year; adjusted incidence rate ratio = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.8-2.2], p<0.0001). The cumulative incidence was also significantly higher in the probable SA patients (p<0.0001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, probable SA remained a significant risk factor for the development of ED after adjusting for age, residency, income level and comorbidities (hazard ratio = 2.0 [95%CI: 1.5-2.7], p<0.0001). In line with previous studies, this population-based large-scale study confirmed an increased ED incidence in SA patients in Chinese population. Physicians need to pay attention to the possible underlying SA while treating ED patients.

Segmentation of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography using a regression neural network approach and its application to the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative dataset.

PubMed

Messay, Temesguen; Hardie, Russell C; Tuinstra, Timothy R

2015-05-01

We present new pulmonary nodule segmentation algorithms for computed tomography (CT). These include a fully-automated (FA) system, a semi-automated (SA) system, and a hybrid system. Like most traditional systems, the new FA system requires only a single user-supplied cue point. On the other hand, the SA system represents a new algorithm class requiring 8 user-supplied control points. This does increase the burden on the user, but we show that the resulting system is highly robust and can handle a variety of challenging cases. The proposed hybrid system starts with the FA system. If improved segmentation results are needed, the SA system is then deployed. The FA segmentation engine has 2 free parameters, and the SA system has 3. These parameters are adaptively determined for each nodule in a search process guided by a regression neural network (RNN). The RNN uses a number of features computed for each candidate segmentation. We train and test our systems using the new Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) data. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first nodule-specific performance benchmarks using the new LIDC-IDRI dataset. We also compare the performance of the proposed methods with several previously reported results on the same data used by those other methods. Our results suggest that the proposed FA system improves upon the state-of-the-art, and the SA system offers a considerable boost over the FA system. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Water- and Fertilizer-Integrated Hydrogel Derived from the Polymerization of Acrylic Acid and Urea as a Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Water Retention in Agriculture.

PubMed

Cheng, Dongdong; Liu, Yan; Yang, Guiting; Zhang, Aiping

2018-05-31

To reduce the preparation cost of superabsorbent and improve the N release rate at the same time, a novel low-cost superabsorbent (SA) with the function of N slow release was prepared by chemical synthesis with neutralized acrylic acid (AA), urea, potassium persulfate (KPS), and N, N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA). The order of influence factors on the water absorbency property was determined by an orthogonal L 18 (3) 7 experiment. On the basis of the optimization results of the orthogonal experiment, the effects of a single factor on the water absorption were investigated, and the highest water absorbency (909 g/g) was achieved for the conditions of 1.0 mol urea/mol AA ratio, 100% of AA neutralized, K + , 1.5% KPS to AA mass fraction, 0.02% MBA to AA mass fraction, 45 °C reaction temperature, and 4.0 h reaction time. The optimal sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Swelling behaviors of the superabsorbent were investigated in distilled water and various soil and salt solutions. The water-release kinetics of SA in different negative pressures and soils were systematically investigated. Additionally, the maize seed germination in various types of soil with different amounts of SA was proposed, and the N could release 3.71% after being incubated in distilled water for 40 days. After 192 h, the relative water content of SA-treated sandy loam, loam, and paddy soil were 42, 56, and 45%, respectively. All of the results in this work showed that SA had good water retention and slow N-release properties, which are expected to have potential applications in sustainable modern agriculture.

Protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers as ultrasensitive electrochemical cytosensing interfaces for evaluation of cell surface sialic acid.

PubMed

Cao, Hongmei; Yang, Da-Peng; Ye, Daixin; Zhang, Xianxia; Fang, Xueen; Zhang, Song; Liu, Baohong; Kong, Jilie

2015-06-15

The identification of biocompatible nanomaterials with high conductivities as sensing interfaces is important in developing novel electrochemical cytosensors. We prepared a novel protein-inorganic nanomaterial-bovine serum albumin (BSA) incorporated Ag nanoflowers with three-dimensional porous architectures, using a simple biomimetic method. The BSA-incorporated Ag nanoflowers were modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and conjugated with a targeting lectin molecule, i.e., Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), for sensing DLD-1 human colon cancer cells. The BSA-incorporated Ag nanoflowers were a suitable platform, and showed improved cell-immobilization capacity, and good biocompatibility, with retention of activity of the immobilized cells. These properties are attributed to the large surface area of the porous structure and the natural BSA layer acting as a biocompatible support. The attachment of DLD-1 cells to the GCE increased the electron-transfer resistance, with a good correlation with the logarithm of the concentration from 1.35×10(2) to 1.35×10(7) cells mL(-1), with a low detection limit of 40 cells mL(-1). Based on the affinity between SNA and sialic acid (SA), the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the one-step reaction between SA and acidic ninhydrin indicated that the average number of SA molecules on a single living DLD-1 cell surface was approximately 2.16×10(12). This proposed cytosensing strategy had good reproducibility, acceptable precision, and high specificity for SA-over-expressed cells, indicating that it has potential applications for the early monitoring of tumor cells and convenient evaluation of SA on living cells. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stepwise sensitivity analysis from qualitative to quantitative: Application to the terrestrial hydrological modeling of a Conjunctive Surface-Subsurface Process (CSSP) land surface model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gan, Yanjun; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Duan, Qingyun; Choi, Hyun Il; Dai, Yongjiu; Wu, Huan

2015-06-01

An uncertainty quantification framework was employed to examine the sensitivities of 24 model parameters from a newly developed Conjunctive Surface-Subsurface Process (CSSP) land surface model (LSM). The sensitivity analysis (SA) was performed over 18 representative watersheds in the contiguous United States to examine the influence of model parameters in the simulation of terrestrial hydrological processes. Two normalized metrics, relative bias (RB) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), were adopted to assess the fit between simulated and observed streamflow discharge (SD) and evapotranspiration (ET) for a 14 year period. SA was conducted using a multiobjective two-stage approach, in which the first stage was a qualitative SA using the Latin Hypercube-based One-At-a-Time (LH-OAT) screening, and the second stage was a quantitative SA using the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)-based Sobol' sensitivity indices. This approach combines the merits of qualitative and quantitative global SA methods, and is effective and efficient for understanding and simplifying large, complex system models. Ten of the 24 parameters were identified as important across different watersheds. The contribution of each parameter to the total response variance was then quantified by Sobol' sensitivity indices. Generally, parameter interactions contribute the most to the response variance of the CSSP, and only 5 out of 24 parameters dominate model behavior. Four photosynthetic and respiratory parameters are shown to be influential to ET, whereas reference depth for saturated hydraulic conductivity is the most influential parameter for SD in most watersheds. Parameter sensitivity patterns mainly depend on hydroclimatic regime, as well as vegetation type and soil texture. This article was corrected on 26 JUN 2015. See the end of the full text for details.

Novel extracellular PHB depolymerase from Streptomyces ascomycinicus: PHB copolymers degradation in acidic conditions.

PubMed

García-Hidalgo, Javier; Hormigo, Daniel; Arroyo, Miguel; de la Mata, Isabel

2013-01-01

The ascomycin-producer strain Streptomyces ascomycinicus has been proven to be an extracellular poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degrader. The fkbU gene, encoding a PHB depolymerase (PhaZ Sa ), has been cloned in E. coli and Rhodococcus sp. T104 strains for gene expression. Gram-positive host Rhodococcus sp. T104 was able to produce and secrete to the extracellular medium an active protein form. PhaZ Sa was purified by two hydrophobic interaction chromatographic steps, and afterwards was biochemically as well as structurally characterized. The enzyme was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 48.4 kDa, and displayed highest activity at 45°C and pH 6, thus being the first PHB depolymerase from a gram-positive bacterium presenting an acidic pH optimum. The PHB depolymerase activity of PhaZ Sa was increased in the presence of divalent cations due to non-essential activation, and also in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin and PEG 3350. Protein structure was analyzed, revealing a globular shape with an alpha-beta hydrolase fold. The amino acids comprising the catalytic triad, Ser(131)-Asp(209)-His(269), were identified by multiple sequence alignment, chemical modification of amino acids and site-directed mutagenesis. These structural results supported the proposal of a three-dimensional model for this depolymerase. PhaZ Sa was able to degrade PHB, but also demonstrated its ability to degrade films made of PHB, PHBV copolymers and a blend of PHB and starch (7∶3 proportion wt/wt). The features shown by PhaZ Sa make it an interesting candidate for industrial applications involving PHB degradation.

Agreement between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen values obtained by direct arterial blood measurements versus noninvasive methods in conscious healthy and ill foals.

PubMed

Wong, David M; Alcott, Cody J; Wang, Chong; Bornkamp, Jennifer L; Young, Jessica L; Sponseller, Brett A

2011-11-15

To determine agreement between indirect measurements of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO(2)) and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) with direct measurements of PaCO(2) and calculated saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood (SaO(2)) in conscious healthy and ill foals. Validation study. 10 healthy and 21 ill neonatal foals. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed on healthy and ill foals examined at a veterinary teaching hospital to determine direct measurements of PaCO(2) and PaO(2) along with SaO(2). Concurrently, PetCO(2) was measured with a capnograph inserted into a naris, and SpO(2) was measured with a reflectance probe placed at the base of the tail. Paired values were compared by use of Pearson correlation coefficients, and level of agreement was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. Mean ± SD difference between PaCO(2) and PetCO(2) was 0.1 ± 5.0 mm Hg. There was significant strong correlation (r = 0.779) and good agreement between PaCO(2) and PetCO(2). Mean ± SD difference between SaO(2) and SpO(2) was 2.5 ± 3.5%. There was significant moderate correlation (r = 0.499) and acceptable agreement between SaO(2) and SpO(2). Both PetCO(2) obtained by use of nasal capnography and SpO(2) obtained with a reflectance probe are clinically applicable and accurate indirect methods of estimating and monitoring PaCO(2) and SaO(2) in neonatal foals. Indirect methods should not replace periodic direct measurement of corresponding parameters.

Comparative evaluation of two dose optimization methods for image-guided, highly-conformal, tandem and ovoids cervix brachytherapy planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Jiyun; Menon, Geetha; Sloboda, Ron

2013-04-01

Although the Manchester system is still extensively used to prescribe dose in brachytherapy (BT) for locally advanced cervix cancer, many radiation oncology centers are transitioning to 3D image-guided BT, owing to the excellent anatomy definition offered by modern imaging modalities. As automatic dose optimization is highly desirable for 3D image-based BT, this study comparatively evaluates the performance of two optimization methods used in BT treatment planning—Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) and simulated annealing (SA)—for a cervix BT computer simulation model incorporating a Manchester-style applicator. Eight model cases were constructed based on anatomical structure data (for high risk-clinical target volume (HR-CTV), bladder, rectum and sigmoid) obtained from measurements on fused MR-CT images for BT patients. D90 and V100 for HR-CTV, D2cc for organs at risk (OARs), dose to point A, conformation index and the sum of dwell times within the tandem and ovoids were calculated for optimized treatment plans designed to treat the HR-CTV in a highly conformal manner. Compared to the NMS algorithm, SA was found to be superior as it could perform optimization starting from a range of initial dwell times, while the performance of NMS was strongly dependent on their initial choice. SA-optimized plans also exhibited lower D2cc to OARs, especially the bladder and sigmoid, and reduced tandem dwell times. For cases with smaller HR-CTV having good separation from adjoining OARs, multiple SA-optimized solutions were found which differed markedly from each other and were associated with different choices for initial dwell times. Finally and importantly, the SA method yielded plans with lower dwell time variability compared with the NMS method.

Translating basic behavioral and social science research to clinical application: the EVOLVE mixed methods approach.

PubMed

Peterson, Janey C; Czajkowski, Susan; Charlson, Mary E; Link, Alissa R; Wells, Martin T; Isen, Alice M; Mancuso, Carol A; Allegrante, John P; Boutin-Foster, Carla; Ogedegbe, Gbenga; Jobe, Jared B

2013-04-01

To describe a mixed-methods approach to develop and test a basic behavioral science-informed intervention to motivate behavior change in 3 high-risk clinical populations. Our theoretically derived intervention comprised a combination of positive affect and self-affirmation (PA/SA), which we applied to 3 clinical chronic disease populations. We employed a sequential mixed methods model (EVOLVE) to design and test the PA/SA intervention in order to increase physical activity in people with coronary artery disease (post-percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) or asthma (ASM) and to improve medication adherence in African Americans with hypertension (HTN). In an initial qualitative phase, we explored participant values and beliefs. We next pilot tested and refined the intervention and then conducted 3 randomized controlled trials with parallel study design. Participants were randomized to combined PA/SA versus an informational control and were followed bimonthly for 12 months, assessing for health behaviors and interval medical events. Over 4.5 years, we enrolled 1,056 participants. Changes were sequentially made to the intervention during the qualitative and pilot phases. The 3 randomized controlled trials enrolled 242 participants who had undergone PCI, 258 with ASM, and 256 with HTN (n = 756). Overall, 45.1% of PA/SA participants versus 33.6% of informational control participants achieved successful behavior change (p = .001). In multivariate analysis, PA/SA intervention remained a significant predictor of achieving behavior change (p < .002, odds ratio = 1.66), 95% CI [1.22, 2.27], controlling for baseline negative affect, comorbidity, gender, race/ethnicity, medical events, smoking, and age. The EVOLVE method is a means by which basic behavioral science research can be translated into efficacious interventions for chronic disease populations.

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science Research to Clinical Application: The EVOLVE Mixed Methods Approach

PubMed Central

Peterson, Janey C.; Czajkowski, Susan; Charlson, Mary E.; Link, Alissa R.; Wells, Martin T.; Isen, Alice M.; Mancuso, Carol A.; Allegrante, John P.; Boutin-Foster, Carla; Ogedegbe, Gbenga; Jobe, Jared B.

2012-01-01

Objective To describe a mixed-methods approach to develop and test a basic behavioral science-informed intervention to motivate behavior change in three high-risk clinical populations. Our theoretically-derived intervention comprised a combination of positive affect and self-affirmation (PA/SA) which we applied to three clinical chronic disease populations. Methods We employed a sequential mixed methods model (EVOLVE) to design and test the PA/SA intervention in order to increase physical activity in people with coronary artery disease (post-percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) or asthma (ASM), and to improve medication adherence in African Americans with hypertension (HTN). In an initial qualitative phase, we explored participant values and beliefs. We next pilot tested and refined the intervention, and then conducted three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with parallel study design. Participants were randomized to combined PA/SA vs. an informational control (IC) and followed bimonthly for 12 months, assessing for health behaviors and interval medical events. Results Over 4.5 years, we enrolled 1,056 participants. Changes were sequentially made to the intervention during the qualitative and pilot phases. The three RCTs enrolled 242 PCI, 258 ASM and 256 HTN participants (n=756). Overall, 45.1% of PA/SA participants versus 33.6% of IC participants achieved successful behavior change (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis PA/SA intervention remained a significant predictor of achieving behavior change (p<0.002, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.22–2.27), controlling for baseline negative affect, comorbidity, gender, race/ethnicity, medical events, smoking and age. Conclusions The EVOLVE method is a means by which basic behavioral science research can be translated into efficacious interventions for chronic disease populations. PMID:22963594

Definition and use of Solution-focused Sustainability Assessment: A novel approach to generate, explore and decide on sustainable solutions for wicked problems.

PubMed

Zijp, Michiel C; Posthuma, Leo; Wintersen, Arjen; Devilee, Jeroen; Swartjes, Frank A

2016-05-01

This paper introduces Solution-focused Sustainability Assessment (SfSA), provides practical guidance formatted as a versatile process framework, and illustrates its utility for solving a wicked environmental management problem. Society faces complex and increasingly wicked environmental problems for which sustainable solutions are sought. Wicked problems are multi-faceted, and deriving of a management solution requires an approach that is participative, iterative, innovative, and transparent in its definition of sustainability and translation to sustainability metrics. We suggest to add the use of a solution-focused approach. The SfSA framework is collated from elements from risk assessment, risk governance, adaptive management and sustainability assessment frameworks, expanded with the 'solution-focused' paradigm as recently proposed in the context of risk assessment. The main innovation of this approach is the broad exploration of solutions upfront in assessment projects. The case study concerns the sustainable management of slightly contaminated sediments continuously formed in ditches in rural, agricultural areas. This problem is wicked, as disposal of contaminated sediment on adjacent land is potentially hazardous to humans, ecosystems and agricultural products. Non-removal would however reduce drainage capacity followed by increased risks of flooding, while contaminated sediment removal followed by offsite treatment implies high budget costs and soil subsidence. Application of the steps in the SfSA-framework served in solving this problem. Important elements were early exploration of a wide 'solution-space', stakeholder involvement from the onset of the assessment, clear agreements on the risk and sustainability metrics of the problem and on the interpretation and decision procedures, and adaptive management. Application of the key elements of the SfSA approach eventually resulted in adoption of a novel sediment management policy. The stakeholder participation and the intensive communication throughout the project resulted in broad support for both the scientific approaches and results, as well as for policy implementation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on root dentin treated with diode laser and conventional desensitizing agents.

PubMed

Cury, Maiza S; Silva, Camilla B; Nogueira, Ruchele D; Campos, Michelle G D; Palma-Dibb, Regina G; Geraldo-Martins, Vinicius R

2018-02-01

The treatments for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) may change the surface roughness of the root dentin, which can lead to biofilm accumulation, increasing the risk of root caries. The aim was to compare the surface roughness of root dentin after different treatments of DH and the biofilm formation on those surfaces. After initial surface roughness (Sa) assessment, 50 bovine root fragments received the following treatments (n = 10): G 1-no treatment; G2-5% sodium fluoride varnish; G3-professional application of a desensitizing dentifrice; G4-toothbrushing with a desensitizing dentifrice; and G5-diode laser application (908 nm; 1.5 W, 20 s). The Sa was reevaluated after treatments. Afterward, all samples were incubated in a suspension of Streptococcus mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted using a stereoscope, and the results were expressed in CFU/mL. The one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's tests compared the roughness data and the results obtained on the bacterial adhesion test (α = 5%). G2 (2.3 ± 1.67%) showed similar Sa variation than G1 (0.25 ± 0.41%) and G5 (5.69 ± 0.99%), but different from group G3 (9.05 ± 2.39%). Group 4 showed the highest Sa variation (30.02 ± 3.83%; p < 0.05). Bacterial adhesion was higher in G4 (2208 ± 211.9), suggesting that bacterial growth is greater on rougher surfaces. The diode laser and the conventional treatments for DH may change the surface roughness of the root dentin, but only brushing with desensitizing dentifrice induced a higher bacteria accumulation on root dentin surface.

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place, Fiscal Year 1985. Part 2 (Amkor A&E Inc/SAC Intl Ltd(JV) - Bay Oak Construction).

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM in <* < MEM CM CM CMCM • >->->->->->->->->3’-j33’->3333>->->->->->->->->- C m m m m in m m m...co i >- u- O CM 1 O M i in 00 OHP ) 1 a. OQMCM 1 Ul </> CO-iO 1 1 oa o> i «» OOOOO • oo CO ooo 1 moou i t- 8 CQ oo 03...in < • «> inmcOTtoc-’Cocooo H r~ PJ •’. . 1 K 0m 1 UI • a i ZO l r~30 l < i OQO O 1 * ! i *» 1 < i**. OHP ) 1 in in m in in

Assessment of MSIV full closure for Santa Maria de Garona Nuclear Power Plant using TRAC-BF1 (G1J1)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crespo, J.L.; Fernandez, R.A.

1993-06-01

This document presents a spurious Main Steam Isolation Value (MSIV) closure analysis for Santa Maria de Garorta Nuclear Power Plan describing the problems found when comparing calculated and real data. The plant is a General Electric Boiling Water Reactor 3, containment type Mark 1. It is operated by NUCLENOR, S.A. and was connected to the grid in 1971. The analysis has been performed by the Apphed Physics Department from the University of Cantabria and the Analysis and Operation Section from NUCLENOR, S.A. as a part of an agreement for developing an engineering simulator of operational transients and accidents for Santamore » Maria de Gamma Power Plant. The analysis was performed using the frozen version of TRAC-BFI (GlJl) code and is the second of two NUCLENOR contributions to the International Code Applications and Assessment Program (ICAP). The code was run in a Cyber 932 with operating system NOS/VE, property of NUCLENOR, S.A.. A programming effort was carried out in order to provide suitable graphics from the output file.« less

Using Local States To Drive the Sampling of Global Conformations in Proteins

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Conformational changes associated with protein function often occur beyond the time scale currently accessible to unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, so that different approaches have been developed to accelerate their sampling. Here we investigate how the knowledge of backbone conformations preferentially adopted by protein fragments, as contained in precalculated libraries known as structural alphabets (SA), can be used to explore the landscape of protein conformations in MD simulations. We find that (a) enhancing the sampling of native local states in both metadynamics and steered MD simulations allows the recovery of global folded states in small proteins; (b) folded states can still be recovered when the amount of information on the native local states is reduced by using a low-resolution version of the SA, where states are clustered into macrostates; and (c) sequences of SA states derived from collections of structural motifs can be used to sample alternative conformations of preselected protein regions. The present findings have potential impact on several applications, ranging from protein model refinement to protein folding and design. PMID:26808351

All-fiber Yb-doped fiber laser passively mode-locking by monolayer MoS2 saturable absorber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yue; Zhu, Jianqi; Li, Pingxue; Wang, Xiaoxiao; Yu, Hua; Xiao, Kun; Li, Chunyong; Zhang, Guangyu

2018-04-01

We report on an all-fiber passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped (Yb-doped) fiber laser with monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) saturable absorber (SA) by three-temperature zone chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The modulation depth, saturation fluence, and non-saturable loss of this ML-MoS2 are measured to be 3.6%, 204.8 μJ/cm2 and 6.3%, respectively. Based on this ML-MoS2SA, a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser has been achieved at 979 nm with pulse duration of 13 ps and repetition rate of 16.51 MHz. A mode-locked fiber laser at 1037 nm is also realized with a pulse duration of 475 ps and repetition rate of 26.5 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the ML-MoS2 SA is used in an all-fiber Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser at 980 nm. Our work further points the excellent saturable absorption ability of ML-MoS2 in ultrafast photonic applications.

TEM Analysis of Interfaces in Diffusion-Bonded Silicon Carbide Ceramics Joined Using Metallic Interlayers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ozaki, T.; Tsuda, H.; Halbig, M. C.; Singh, M.; Hasegawa, Y.; Mori, S.; Asthana R.

2016-01-01

Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a promising material for thermo-structural applications due to its excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability. However, joining and integration technologies are indispensable for this material in order to fabricate large size and complex shape components with desired functionalities. Although diffusion bonding techniques using metallic interlayers have been commonly utilized to bond various SiC ceramics, detailed microstructural observation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of the bonded area has not been carried out due to difficulty in preparing TEM samples. In this study, we tried to prepare TEM samples from joints of diffusion bonded SiC ceramics by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system and carefully investigated the interfacial microstructure by TEM analysis. The samples used in this study were SiC fiber bonded ceramics (SA-Tyrannohex: SA-THX) diffusion bonded with metallic interlayers such as Ti, TiMo, and Mo-B. In this presentation, the result of microstructural analysis obtained by TEM observations and the influence of metallic interlayers and fiber orientation of SA-THX on the joint microstructure will be discussed.

TEM Analysis of Diffusion-Bonded Silicon Carbide Ceramics Joined Using Metallic Interlayers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ozaki, T.; Tsuda, H.; Halbig, M. C.; Singh, M.; Hasegawa, Y; Mori, S.; Asthana, R.

2017-01-01

Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a promising material for thermostructural applications due to its excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability. However, joining and integration technologies are indispensable for this material in order to fabricate large size and complex shape components with desired functionalities. Although diffusion bonding techniques using metallic interlayers have been commonly utilized to bond various SiC ceramics, detailed microstructural observation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of the bonded area has not been carried out due to difficulty in preparing TEM samples. In this study, we tried to prepare TEM samples from joints of diffusion bonded SiC ceramics by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system and carefully investigated the interfacial microstructure by TEM analysis. The samples used in this study were SiC fiber bonded ceramics (SA-Tyrannohex: SA-THX) diffusion bonded with metallic interlayers such as Ti, TiMo, Mo-B and TiCu. In this presentation, we report the microstructure of diffusion bonded SA-THX mainly with TiCu interlayers obtained by TEM observations, and the influence of metallic interlayers on the joint microstructure and microhardness will be discussed.

Using Local States To Drive the Sampling of Global Conformations in Proteins.

PubMed

Pandini, Alessandro; Fornili, Arianna

2016-03-08

Conformational changes associated with protein function often occur beyond the time scale currently accessible to unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, so that different approaches have been developed to accelerate their sampling. Here we investigate how the knowledge of backbone conformations preferentially adopted by protein fragments, as contained in precalculated libraries known as structural alphabets (SA), can be used to explore the landscape of protein conformations in MD simulations. We find that (a) enhancing the sampling of native local states in both metadynamics and steered MD simulations allows the recovery of global folded states in small proteins; (b) folded states can still be recovered when the amount of information on the native local states is reduced by using a low-resolution version of the SA, where states are clustered into macrostates; and (c) sequences of SA states derived from collections of structural motifs can be used to sample alternative conformations of preselected protein regions. The present findings have potential impact on several applications, ranging from protein model refinement to protein folding and design.

Sub-200 femtosecond dispersion-managed soliton ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes saturable absorber.

PubMed

Hou, Lei; Guo, Hongyu; Wang, Yonggang; Sun, Jiang; Lin, Qimeng; Bai, Yang; Bai, Jintao

2018-04-02

Ultrafast fiber laser light sources attract enormous interest due to the booming applications they are enabling, including long-distance communication, optical metrology, detecting technology of infra-biophotons, and novel material processing. In this paper, we demonstrate 175 fs dispersion-managed soliton (DMS) mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) saturable absorber (SA). The output DMSs have been achieved with repetition rate of 21.2 MHz, center wavelength of 1025.5 nm, and a spectral width of 32.7 nm. The operation directly pulse duration of 300 fs for generated pulse is the reported shortest pulse width for broadband SA based YDF lasers. By using an external grating-based compressor, the pulse duration could be compressed down to 175 fs. To the best of our knowledge, it is the shortest pulse duration obtained directly from YDF laser based on broadband SAs. In this paper, SWCNTs-SA has been utilized as the key optical component (mode locker) and the grating pair providing negative dispersion acts as the dispersion controller.

Pipecolic acid enhances resistance to bacterial infection and primes salicylic acid and nicotine accumulation in tobacco

PubMed Central

Vogel-Adghough, Drissia; Stahl, Elia; Návarová, Hana; Zeier, Jürgen

2013-01-01

Distinct amino acid metabolic pathways constitute integral parts of the plant immune system. We have recently identified pipecolic acid (Pip), a lysine-derived non-protein amino acid, as a critical regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and basal immunity to bacterial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, Pip acts as an endogenous mediator of defense amplification and priming. For instance, Pip conditions plants for effective biosynthesis of the phenolic defense signal salicylic acid (SA), accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin, and expression of defense-related genes. Here, we show that tobacco plants respond to leaf infection by the compatible bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (Pstb) with a significant accumulation of several amino acids, including Lys, branched-chain, aromatic, and amide group amino acids. Moreover, Pstb strongly triggers, alongside the biosynthesis of SA and increases in the defensive alkaloid nicotine, the production of the Lys catabolites Pip and α-aminoadipic acid. Exogenous application of Pip to tobacco plants provides significant protection to infection by adapted Pstb or by non-adapted, hypersensitive cell death-inducing P. syringae pv maculicola. Pip thereby primes tobacco for rapid and strong accumulation of SA and nicotine following bacterial infection. Thus, our study indicates that the role of Pip as an amplifier of immune responses is conserved between members of the rosid and asterid groups of eudicot plants and suggests a broad practical applicability for Pip as a natural enhancer of plant disease resistance. PMID:24025239