What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest.

PubMed

Silvia, Paul J

2005-03-01

Relative to other emotions, interest is poorly understood. On the basis of theories of appraisal process and structure, it was predicted that interest consists of appraisals of novelty (factors related to unfamiliarity and complexity) and appraisals of coping potential (the ability to understand the new, complex thing). Four experiments, using in vivo rather than retrospective methods, supported this appraisal structure. The findings were general across measured and manipulated appraisals, interesting stimuli (random polygons, visual art, poetry), and measures of interest (self-reports, forced-choice, behavioral measures). Furthermore, the appraisal structure was specific to interest (it did not predict enjoyment, a related positive emotion), and appraisals predicted interest beyond relevant traits (curiosity, openness). The appraisal perspective offers a powerful way of construing the causes of interest. Copyright 2005 APA, all rights reserved.

24 CFR 200.206 - What are my responsibilities as an appraiser listed on the Appraiser Roster?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... appraisers listed on the Appraiser Roster are responsible for: (a) Obtaining and reading the HUD Appraiser... mortgage insurance purposes; and (c) Complying with all other instructions and standards issued by HUD when...

24 CFR 200.206 - What are my responsibilities as an appraiser listed on the Appraiser Roster?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... appraisers listed on the Appraiser Roster are responsible for: (a) Obtaining and reading the HUD Appraiser... mortgage insurance purposes; and (c) Complying with all other instructions and standards issued by HUD when...

5 CFR 430.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as..., as determined by the application of a certified appraisal system. Senior employee means a senior... Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.402 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system...

5 CFR 430.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as..., as determined by the application of a certified appraisal system. Senior employee means a senior... Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.402 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system...

5 CFR 430.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as..., as determined by the application of a certified appraisal system. Senior employee means a senior... Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.402 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system...

5 CFR 430.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as..., as determined by the application of a certified appraisal system. Senior employee means a senior... Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.402 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system...

75 FR 36270 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Appraiser Regulation; Privacy Act Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL 12 CFR Part 1102 [Docket No. AS10-2] Appraisal Subcommittee; Appraiser Regulation; Privacy Act Implementation AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (Subcommittee). ACTION: Final rule amendments. SUMMARY: The...

Does appraisal enhance learning, improve practice and encourage continuing professional development? A survey of general practitioners' experiences of appraisal.

PubMed

Finlay, Karen; McLaren, Susan

2009-01-01

Revalidation of the medical profession is under review and a system has been proposed to ensure doctors meet standards of practice and professionalism. The current appraisal system allows clinicians to chart their progress and identify developmental needs in order to improve performance. Appraisal is now an annual compulsory requirement for all doctors. The aim of the study was to investigate the experiences of general practitioners (GPs) of the current appraisal process. The specific objectives were to consider the impact the appraisal process had exerted on their learning, practice and individual continuing professional development (CPD). We employed a cross-sectional design using a postal questionnaire sent to all doctors who work as GPs (n = 385) in West Kent. Questionnaires were returned from 71.7% of doctors (n = 276). The key findings obtained were that 47.5% (n = 131) of doctors stated that taking part in the appraisal process had enhanced their learning, 40.2% (n = 111) felt that the appraisal process had improved their practice and 55.8% (n = 154) stated that the appraisal process had encouraged their CPD. Qualitative findings derived from thematic analysis of open questions revealed that participants viewed the role of the appraiser as respected peer to be vital and there was a need for independence in the appraiser's appointment. The time-consuming nature of the appraisal process was emphasised, with little protected time for preparation of documentation and engagement in CPD. Concerns were expressed about links between appraisal and revalidation. Many doctors considered that the appraisal process had enhanced their learning, improved their practice and encouraged their CPD. A vital, independent role for the appraiser was emphasised as was a need to review the time-consuming nature of the current appraisal process, together with identifying protected time to complete this and CPD engagement. As the role of appraisal within the revalidation process changes it is recognised that ensuring the quality, consistency and nature of appraisal will be essential to maintain the confidence of patients and doctors.

Audit of annual medical appraisal and revalidation activity across the UK Defence Medical Services 2013-2014.

PubMed

Morris, Louisa E; Withnall, Rdj

2017-02-01

To provide the first annual audit of Defence Medical Services (DMS) medical appraisal and revalidation activity. A questionnaire-based survey of appraisal and revalidation activity within the 2013-2014 appraisal year (1 April 2013 - 1 March 2014) across the Royal Navy (RN), Army, Royal Air Force (RAF) and Ministry of Defence (MOD) and Defence Postgraduate Medical Deanery (DPMD) Designated Bodies (DBs). Mandatory annual medical appraisal of all DMS doctors was introduced in 2002. The General Medical Council (GMC) introduced licences to practise in November 2011. Revalidation went live in December 2012. In the 2013-2014 appraisal year, there were 1379 DMS doctors. The Responsible Officers (ROs) of the RN, Army, RAF, MOD and Defence Postgraduate Medical Deanery (DPMD) provide appraisal and revalidation services for doctors within their DBs. In the 2013-2014 appraisal year, 82% of DMS doctors completed an annual appraisal. ROs provided positive revalidation recommendations for 90% of DMS doctors without the need for additional supporting information. Additional supporting evidence was required for 10% of DMS trained doctors, but ultimately 100% of DMS doctors due revalidation in the 2013-2014 appraisal year received a positive recommendation. To assist DMS compliance with GMC quality assurance requirements, HQ Surgeon General now maintains a central database of appraisal and revalidation data across the five DMS DBs. Appropriately targeted appraiser training and 'revalidation ready top-up' training should be provided to ensure the demand for military appraisers is met, and that DMS appraisers appropriately maintain their skills. MOD now maintains a central live database for ongoing appraisal and revalidation monitoring. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

An S-shaped relationship between changes in appraisals and changes in emotions.

PubMed

Tong, Eddie M W; Ellsworth, Phoebe C; Bishop, George D

2009-12-01

Previous research on appraisal theories of emotion has shown that emotions and appraisals are related but has not specified the nature of the relationships. This research examined the functional forms of appraisal-emotion relationships and demonstrated that for all seven appraisals studied, appraisals relate to emotions in an S-shaped (ogival) fashion: Changes in appraisals at extreme levels are associated with only small changes in emotions, but changes at moderate levels are associated with substantial changes in emotions. With a few exceptions, ogival relationships were found for the relationships between seven appraisals (Goal Achievement Expectancy, Agency, Control, Certainty, Fairness, Pleasantness, and Motive Congruence) and numerous relevant emotions across different sample-types, cultures, and methods.

Resilience as positive coping appraisals: Testing the schematic appraisals model of suicide (SAMS).

PubMed

Johnson, J; Gooding, P A; Wood, A M; Tarrier, N

2010-03-01

The Schematic Appraisals Model of Suicide (SAMS) suggests that positive self-appraisals may be important for buffering suicidal thoughts and behaviours, potentially providing a key source of resilience. The current study aimed to explore whether positive self-appraisals buffered individuals from suicidality in the face of stressful life events. 78 participants who reported experiencing some degree of suicidality were recruited from a student population. They completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of suicidality, stressful life events and positive self-appraisals. Positive self-appraisals moderated the association between stressful life events and suicidality. For those reporting moderate or high levels of positive self-appraisals, raised incidence of stressful life events did not lead to increases in suicidality. These results support the SAMS framework, and suggest that positive self-appraisals may confer resilience to suicide. Positive self-appraisals may be a promising avenue for further resilience research, and an important area to target for suicide interventions. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Men’s Appraisals of Their Military Experiences in World War II: A 40-Year Perspective

PubMed Central

Settersten, Richard A.; Day, Jack; Elder, Glen H.; Waldinger, Robert J.

2012-01-01

Using data on veterans from the longitudinal Harvard Study of Adult Development (N=241), we focused on subjective aspects of military service. We examined how veterans of World War II appraised specific dimensions of military service directly after the war and over 40 years later, as well as the role of military service in their life course. In addition to examining change in appraisals, we examined how postwar appraisals of service mediated the effects of objective aspects of service, and how postwar psychological adjustment and health mediated the effects of postwar appraisals, on later-life appraisals. Men’s appraisals at both time points were generally, but not highly, positive, and revealed remarkable consistency over four decades. Postwar appraisals strongly predicted later-life appraisals and mediated the effects of objective service variables. The effects of postwar appraisals were not carried forward through psychological adjustment or midlife health. Better adjustment, however, was negatively related to later-life appraisals. Results reinforce the idea that how men perceive their military experiences may be more important in predicting outcomes than the experiences themselves. Results are discussed in light of the sample characteristics, the historical context of World War II, and the complexities of appraisal and retrospection. PMID:23284272

Effects of appraisal training on responses to a distressing autobiographical event.

PubMed

Woud, Marcella L; Zlomuzica, Armin; Cwik, Jan C; Margraf, Jürgen; Shkreli, Lorika; Blackwell, Simon E; Gladwin, Thomas E; Ehring, Thomas

2018-04-14

Dysfunctional appraisals are a key factor suggested to be involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Research has shown that experimental induction of a positive or negative appraisal style following a laboratory stressor affects analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. This supports a causal role of appraisal in the development of traumatic stress symptoms and the therapeutic promise of modifying appraisals to reduce PTSD symptoms. The present study aimed to extend previous findings by investigating the effects of experimentally induced appraisals on reactions to a naturally occurring analogue trauma and by examining effects on both explicit and implicit appraisals. Participants who had experienced a distressing life event were asked to imagine themselves in the most distressing moment of that event and then received either a positive or negative Cognitive Bias Modification training targeting appraisals (CBM-App). The CBM-App training induced training-congruent appraisals, but group differences in changes in appraisal over training were only seen for explicit and not implicit appraisals. However, participants trained positively reported less intrusion distress over the subsequent week than those trained negatively, and lower levels of overall posttraumatic stress symptoms. These data support the causal relationship between appraisals and trauma distress, and further illuminate the mechanisms linking the two. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stress appraisals and cellular aging: A key role for anticipatory threat in the relationship between psychological stress and telomere length

PubMed Central

O’Donovan, Aoife; Tomiyama, A. Janet; Lin, Jue; Puterman, Eli; Adler, Nancy E.; Kemeny, Margaret; Wolkowitz, Owen M.; Blackburn, Elizabeth H.; Epel, Elissa S.

2012-01-01

Chronic psychological stressis a risk factor formultiple diseases of aging. Accelerated cellular aging as indexed by short telomere length has emerged as a potential common biological mechanism linking various forms of psychological stress and diseases of aging. Stress appraisals determine the degree and type of biological stress responses and altered stress appraisals may be a common psychological mechanism linking psychological stress and diseases of aging. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between stress appraisals and telomere length. We exposed chronically stressed female caregivers and non-caregiving controls (N= 50; M age = 62.14±6.10) to a standardized acute laboratory stressor and measured their anticipatory and retrospective threat and challenge appraisals of the stressor. We hypothesized that threat and challenge appraisals would be associated with shorter and longer telomere length respectively, and that chronic care giving stress would influence telomere length through altered stress appraisals. Higher anticipatory threat appraisals were associated with shorter age-adjusted telomere length (β = −.32, p = .03), but challenge appraisals and retrospective threat appraisals showed no independent association with telomere length. Caregivers reported significantly higher anticipatory (β = −.36, p = .006)and retrospective (β = −.29, p = .03) threat appraisals than controls, but similar challenge appraisals. Although there was no significant main effect of caregiver status on telomere length, care giving had a significant indirect effect on telomere length through anticipatory threat appraisals. Exaggerated anticipatory threat appraisals may be a common and modifiable psychological mechanism of psychological stress effects on cellular aging. PMID:22293459

Automatic affective appraisal of sexual penetration stimuli in women with vaginismus or dyspareunia.

PubMed

Huijding, Jorg; Borg, Charmaine; Weijmar-Schultz, Willibrord; de Jong, Peter J

2011-03-01

Current psychological views are that negative appraisals of sexual stimuli lie at the core of sexual dysfunctions. It is important to differentiate between deliberate appraisals and more automatic appraisals, as research has shown that the former are most relevant to controllable behaviors, and the latter are most relevant to reflexive behaviors. Accordingly, it can be hypothesized that in women with vaginismus, the persistent difficulty to allow vaginal entry is due to global negative automatic affective appraisals that trigger reflexive pelvic floor muscle contraction at the prospect of penetration. To test whether sexual penetration pictures elicited global negative automatic affective appraisals in women with vaginismus or dyspareunia and to examine whether deliberate appraisals and automatic appraisals differed between the two patient groups. Women with persistent vaginismus (N = 24), dyspareunia (N = 23), or no sexual complaints (N = 30) completed a pictorial Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST), and then made a global affective assessment of the EAST stimuli using visual analogue scales (VAS). The EAST assessed global automatic affective appraisals of sexual penetration stimuli, while the VAS assessed global deliberate affective appraisals of these stimuli. Automatic affective appraisals of sexual penetration stimuli tended to be positive, independent of the presence of sexual complaints. Deliberate appraisals of the same stimuli were significantly more negative in the women with vaginismus than in the dyspareunia group and control group, while the latter two groups did not differ in their appraisals. Unexpectedly, deliberate appraisals seemed to be most important in vaginismus, whereas dyspareunia did not seem to implicate negative deliberate or automatic affective appraisals. These findings dispute the view that global automatic affect lies at the core of vaginismus and indicate that a useful element in therapeutic interventions may be the modification of deliberate global affective appraisals of sexual penetration (e.g., via counter-conditioning). © 2010 International Society for Sexual Medicine.

4 CFR 4.2 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Performance appraisal. 4.2 Section 4.2 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL SYSTEM EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND UTILIZATION § 4.2 Performance appraisal. (a) The GAO shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems which provide for periodic appraisals of...

The implications of enhancing appraisal to meet the requirements of revalidation, as perceived by appraisers: a qualitative study in Scotland.

PubMed

Wakeling, Judy; Cameron, Niall

2011-11-01

This paper describes a qualitative study which explored the possible impact of enhanced appraisal and the requirements of revalidation upon GP appraisers in Scotland. So far there has been little research examining the impact 'enhanced' appraisal may have on the appraisee or appraiser population. Key objectives were to identify potential benefits and problems with the introduction of enhanced appraisal for the appraiser population and to explore what they perceive its impact will be on the GP workforce more generally. Three focus groups were held with a purposive sample of 17 highly experienced GP appraisers from across Scotland between February and April 2010. The results showed that this group of appraisers perceived that they would need to become more prescriptive about the standard of basic paperwork and evidence that is submitted by an appraisee. This created some anxieties about taking on a more judgemental role. They were concerned about a possible need to inform a high-achieving GP that their evidence was insufficient. Concerns were also raised about appraisees becoming less open and candid during appraisal once the links to revalidation are in place. Uncertainty was expressed about the relationship between the appraiser and responsible officer (RO) and how appraisers should decide which appraisees ought to be flagged up to the RO. The need for clear, standardised summary forms (known as GP Scot 4 in Scotland) to be passed to the RO was highlighted. Some of the appraisers were unsure about the value of new types of evidence which will be required--notably MSF and continuing professional development (CPD) credits. However, a few appraisers noted that some early adopters of CPD credits liked this way of recording their learning whilst MSF could be valuable and was seldom controversial. Potential benefits of 'enhanced appraisal' were highlighted--particularly increased engagement from some GPs who have hitherto been reluctant appraisees. The appraisers in this study wanted further training for their role, particularly training and calibration in delivering MSF feedback and in verifying CPD credits. They were frustrated by delays to revalidation and concerned that enhanced appraisal might be implemented without sufficient support (remediation and IT systems) being in place. However, they remained cautiously optimistic that some of the formative elements of appraisal can be maintained and were content to continue as appraisers provided they receive appropriate training and support and provided adequate remediation systems are in place for those GPs requiring help.

Employee Performance Appraisal and the 95/5 Rule

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasch, Lee

2004-01-01

Many colleges use some form of an employee performance appraisal process. Yet, despite prevalent use, the performance appraisal process is facing growing criticism. The author reviews the literature regarding the process of performance appraisal in higher education, focusing on articles supportive of the use of the performance appraisal, and those…

25 CFR 11.706 - Appointment and duties of appraiser.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... such article or item of property set forth in the inventory of the estate and to certify such appraisal by subscribing his or her name to the inventory and appraisal. ... the duty of the appraiser to appraise separately the true cash value of each article or item of...

Test Takers' Performance Appraisals, Appraisal Calibration, and Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phakiti, Aek

2016-01-01

The current study explores the nature and relationships among test takers' performance appraisals, appraisal calibration, and reported cognitive and metacognitive strategy use in a language test situation. Performance appraisals are executive processes of strategic competence for judging test performance (e.g., evaluating the correctness or…

Stigma, Reflected Appraisals, and Recovery Outcomes in Mental Illness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markowitz, Fred E.; Angell, Beth; Greenberg, Jan S.

2011-01-01

Drawing on modified labeling theory and the reflected appraisals process and using longitudinal data from 129 mothers and their adult children with schizophrenia, we estimate models of the effects of mothers' stigmatized identity appraisals of their mentally ill children on reflected and self-appraisals, and how appraisals affect outcomes…

12 CFR 564.4 - Minimum appraisal standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum appraisal standards. 564.4 Section 564.4 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY APPRAISALS § 564.4 Minimum appraisal standards. For federally related transactions, all appraisals shall, at a minimum: (a...

Cognitive appraisals of stereotype threat.

PubMed

Berjot, S; Roland-Levy, C; Girault-Lidvan, N

2011-04-01

Using the cognitive appraisal conceptualisation of the transactional model of stress, the goal was to assess how victims of stereotype threat respond to this situation in terms of primary appraisals (threat/challenge) and to investigate whether those appraisals may mediate the relation between stereotype threat and performance. Results show that, while participants from North Africa living in France did appraise the situation more as a threat and less as a challenge, only challenge appraisal mediated between stereotype threat and performance.

Angry and Afraid: Women's Appraisal of Sexual Harassment during Litigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Caroline Vaile; Fitzgerald, Louise F.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine primary appraisal of sexual harassment, that is, a victim's cognitive evaluation of the harassment and the factors that influence this appraisal. The perspectives of 72 female plaintiffs were investigated by measuring their primary appraisal of the event, examining the structure of this appraisal, and…

49 CFR 24.104 - Review of appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... appraiser (see § 24.103(d)(1) and appendix A, § 24.104) shall examine the presentation and analysis of..., including, to the extent appropriate, the UASFLA, and support the appraiser's opinion of value. The level of review analysis depends on the complexity of the appraisal problem. As needed, the review appraiser shall...

12 CFR 564.3 - Appraisals required; transactions requiring a State certified or licensed appraiser.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... than funds necessary to cover reasonable closing costs; (8) The transaction involves the purchase, sale... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appraisals required; transactions requiring a... SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY APPRAISALS § 564.3 Appraisals required; transactions requiring a State...

12 CFR 323.3 - Appraisals required; transactions requiring a State certified or licensed appraiser.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... advancement of new monies, other than funds necessary to cover reasonable closing costs; (8) The transaction... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appraisals required; transactions requiring a... CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY APPRAISALS § 323.3 Appraisals required; transactions...

41 CFR 102-42.40 - When is an appraisal necessary?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF FOREIGN GIFTS AND DECORATIONS General Provisions Appraisals § 102-42.40 When is an appraisal necessary? An appraisal is necessary when— (a) An employee indicates an interest in purchasing a gift or decoration. In this situation, the appraisal must be obtained before the gift or decoration is reported to...

Appraisal and coping as mediators of the effects of cumulative risk on preadolescent adjustment

PubMed Central

Thompson, Stephanie F.; Lengua, Liliana J.; Garcia, Connie Meza

2016-01-01

This study examined the concurrent and longitudinal relations among cumulative risk, appraisal, coping, and adjustment. Longitudinal path models were tested in a community sample of 316 children in preadolescence to examine hypotheses that threat appraisal and avoidant coping mediate the effects of cumulative risk on child adjustment, whereas positive appraisal and active coping were hypothesized to predict better adjustment independently. Children and their mothers were assessed during in-home interviews at three time points at one-year intervals. Children reported on appraisal and coping strategies. Mothers and children reported on child adjustment problems and positive adjustment. Rank-order changes in appraisal and coping predicted rank-order changes in adjustment. Cumulative risk was concurrently related to higher threat appraisal and avoidant coping at each time point. Threat appraisal and avoidant coping mediated the relations of cumulative risk to rank-order changes in adjustment. There is specificity in the relations of cumulative risk to threat appraisal and avoidant coping, whereas positive appraisal and active coping are independent of risk and operate as individual resource factors. PMID:27110087

Examining the relationships between challenge and threat cognitive appraisals and coaching behaviours in football coaches.

PubMed

Dixon, Martin; Turner, Martin J; Gillman, Jamie

2017-12-01

Previous research demonstrates that sports coaching is a stressful activity. This article investigates coaches' challenge and threat cognitive appraisals of stressful situations and their impact on coaching behaviour, using Blascovich and Mendes' (2000) biopsychosocial model as a theoretical framework. A cross-sectional correlational design was utilised to examine the relationships between irrational beliefs (Shortened general attitude and belief scale), challenge and threat appraisals (Appraisal of life events scale), and coaching behaviours (Leadership scale for sports) of 105 professional football academy coaches. Findings reveal significant positive associations between challenge appraisals and social support, and between threat appraisals and autocratic behaviour, and a significant negative association between threat appraisals and positive feedback. Results also show that higher irrational beliefs are associated with greater threat, and lesser challenge cognitive appraisals. However, no associations were revealed between irrational beliefs and challenge cognitive appraisals. Additionally, findings demonstrate a positive relationship between age and training and instruction. Results suggest that practitioners should help coaches to appraise stressful situations as a challenge to promote positive coaching behaviours.

The development and validation of a meta-tool for quality appraisal of public health evidence: Meta Quality Appraisal Tool (MetaQAT).

PubMed

Rosella, L; Bowman, C; Pach, B; Morgan, S; Fitzpatrick, T; Goel, V

2016-07-01

Most quality appraisal tools were developed for clinical medicine and tend to be study-specific with a strong emphasis on risk of bias. In order to be more relevant to public health, an appropriate quality appraisal tool needs to be less reliant on the evidence hierarchy and consider practice applicability. Given the broad range of study designs used in public health, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a meta-tool that combines public health-focused principles of appraisal coupled with a set of design-specific companion tools. Several design methods were used to develop and validate the tool including literature review, synthesis, and validation with a reference standard. A search of critical appraisal tools relevant to public health was conducted; core concepts were collated. The resulting framework was piloted during three feedback sessions with public health practitioners. Following subsequent revisions, the final meta-tool, the Meta Quality Appraisal Tool (MetaQAT), was then validated through a content analysis of appraisals conducted by two groups of experienced public health researchers (MetaQAT vs generic appraisal form). The MetaQAT framework consists of four domains: relevancy, reliability, validity, and applicability. In addition, a companion tool was assembled from existing critical appraisal tools to provide study design-specific guidance on validity appraisal. Content analysis showed similar methodological and generalizability concerns were raised by both groups; however, the MetaQAT appraisers commented more extensively on applicability to public health practice. Critical appraisal tools designed for clinical medicine have limitations for use in the context of public health. The meta-tool structure of the MetaQAT allows for rigorous appraisal, while allowing users to simultaneously appraise the multitude of study designs relevant to public health research and assess non-standard domains, such as applicability. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Differentiation of 13 positive emotions by appraisals.

PubMed

Tong, Eddie M W

2015-01-01

This research examined how strongly appraisals can differentiate positive emotions and how they differentiate positive emotions. Thirteen positive emotions were examined, namely, amusement, awe, challenge, compassion, contentment, gratitude, hope, interest, joy, pride, relief, romantic love and serenity. Participants from Singapore and the USA recalled an experience of each emotion and thereafter rated their appraisals of the experience. In general, the appraisals accurately classified the positive emotions at rates above chance levels, and the appraisal-emotion relationships conformed to predictions. Also, the appraisals were largely judged by participants as relevant to their positive emotion experiences, and the appraisal-emotion relationships were largely consistent across the two countries.

Appraisal and coping styles account for the effects of temperament on preadolescent adjustment

PubMed Central

Thompson, Stephanie F.; Zalewski, Maureen; Lengua, Liliana J.

2014-01-01

Temperament, appraisal, and coping are known to underlie emotion regulation, yet less is known about how these processes relate to each other across time. We examined temperamental fear, frustration, effortful control, and impulsivity, positive and threat appraisals, and active and avoidant coping as processes underpinning the emotion regulation of pre-adolescent children managing stressful events. Appraisal and coping styles were tested as mediators of the longitudinal effects of temperamental emotionality and self-regulation on adjustment using a community sample (N=316) of preadolescent children (8–12 years at T1) studied across one year. High threat appraisals were concurrently related to high fear and impulsivity, whereas effortful control predicted relative decreases in threat appraisal. High fear was concurrently related to high positive appraisal, and impulsivity predicted increases in positive appraisal. Fear was concurrently related to greater avoidant coping, and impulsivity predicted increases in avoidance. Frustration predicted decreases in active coping. These findings suggest temperament, or dispositional aspects of reactivity and regulation, relates to concurrent appraisal and coping processes and additionally predicts change in these processes. Significant indirect effects indicated that appraisal and coping mediated the effects of temperament on adjustment. Threat appraisal mediated the effects of fear and effortful control on internalizing and externalizing problems, and avoidant coping mediated the effect of impulsivity on internalizing problems. These mediated effects suggest that one pathway through which temperament influences adjustment is pre-adolescents’ appraisal and coping. Findings highlight temperament, appraisal and coping as emotion regulation processes relevant to children’s adjustment in response to stress. PMID:25821237

Extreme positive and negative appraisals of activated states interact to discriminate bipolar disorder from unipolar depression and non-clinical controls.

PubMed

Kelly, Rebecca E; Mansell, Warren; Wood, Alex M; Alatiq, Yousra; Dodd, Alyson; Searson, Ruth

2011-11-01

This research aimed to test whether positive, negative, or conflicting appraisals about activated mood states (e.g., energetic and high states) predicted bipolar disorder. A sample of individuals from clinical and control groups (171 with bipolar disorder, 42 with unipolar depression, and 64 controls) completed a measure of appraisals of internal states. High negative appraisals related to a higher likelihood of bipolar disorder irrespective of positive appraisals. High positive appraisals related to a higher likelihood of bipolar disorder only when negative appraisals were also high. Individuals were most likely to have bipolar disorder, as opposed to unipolar depression or no diagnosis, when they endorsed both extremely positive and extremely negative appraisals of the same, activated states. Appraisals of internal states were based on self-report. The results indicate that individuals with bipolar disorder tend to appraise activated, energetic internal states in opposing or conflicting ways, interpreting these states as both extremely positive and extremely negative. This may lead to contradictory attempts to regulate these states, which may in turn contribute to mood swing symptoms. Psychological therapy for mood swings and bipolar disorder should address extreme and conflicting appraisals of mood states. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessing Teacher Appraisals and Stress in the Classroom: Review of the Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarthy, Christopher J.; Lambert, Richard G.; Lineback, Sally; Fitchett, Paul; Baddouh, Priscila G.

2016-01-01

Stress research increasingly emphasizes the role of appraisal in determining which events are perceived as stressful. The Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands (CARD) was developed to measure teachers' appraisals of their classroom demands and resources in order to assess their risk for experiencing occupational stress. The present purposes…

An Investigation into Appraisal Bias: The Role of Decision Support Tools in Debiasing Valuation Judgments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tidwell, Owen Alan

2011-01-01

Given the nature of the valuation task environment appraisers are often made aware of previous value opinions rendered by appraisers, commonly in the form of an historic appraisal. And, because an appraisal task involves the rendering of market value, a hypothetical, unobservable construct based on probabilities, direct feedback against this…

Bipolar vulnerability and extreme appraisals of internal states: a computerized ratings study.

PubMed

Dodd, Alyson L; Mansell, Warren; Morrison, Anthony P; Tai, Sara

2011-01-01

A recent integrative cognitive model proposed that multiple, extreme, personalized, positive and negative appraisals of internal states predispose to maintain and exacerbate bipolar symptoms. This study aimed to directly assess conviction in a range of positive and negative appraisals of internal states suggested by the model, by using a laboratory-based computerized task. In a student sample (n = 68), a history of hypomania was associated with more positive and less negative appraisals of internal states, and a history of depression was associated with more negative appraisals and less positive appraisals of internal states. The sample was then split into three groups for comparison: bipolar risk (n = 18), depression risk (n = 20) and controls (n  = 30). Relative to controls, the bipolar risk group made more extreme ratings of catastrophic appraisals of low activation states and tended to make more extreme ratings of appraisals of high activation states. The depression risk group scored higher on a range of negative appraisals of low activation states. These findings provide tentative support for the role of both positive and negative, extreme, personalized appraisals of internal states in hypomania and depression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... within 60-calendar days, Reclamation will review and update the trend information as it deems necessary... date of the appraisal will be the date of last inspection by the appraiser(s) unless there is a prior...

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... within 60-calendar days, Reclamation will review and update the trend information as it deems necessary... date of the appraisal will be the date of last inspection by the appraiser(s) unless there is a prior...

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... within 60-calendar days, Reclamation will review and update the trend information as it deems necessary... date of the appraisal will be the date of last inspection by the appraiser(s) unless there is a prior...

Investigating d-cycloserine as a potential pharmacological enhancer of an emotional bias learning procedure.

PubMed

Woud, Marcella L; Blackwell, Simon E; Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann; Browning, Michael; Holmes, Emily A; Harmer, Catherine J; Margraf, Jürgen; Reinecke, Andrea

2018-05-01

The partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist d-cycloserine may enhance psychological therapies. However, its exact mechanism of action is still being investigated. Cognitive bias modification techniques allow isolation of cognitive processes and thus investigation of how they may be affected by d-cycloserine. We used a cognitive bias modification paradigm targeting appraisals of a stressful event, Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal, to investigate whether d-cycloserine enhanced the modification of appraisal, and whether it caused greater reduction in indices of psychopathology. Participants received either 250 mg of d-cycloserine ( n=19) or placebo ( n=19). As a stressor task, participants recalled a negative life event, followed by positive Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal training. Before and after Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal, appraisals and indices of psychopathology related to the stressor were assessed. Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal successfully modified appraisals, but d-cycloserine did not affect appraisals post-training. There were no post-training group differences in frequency of intrusions. Interestingly, d-cycloserine led to a greater reduction in distress and impact on state mood from recalling the event, and lower distress post-training was associated with fewer intrusions. Therefore, d-cycloserine may affect emotional reactivity to recalling a negative event when combined with induction of a positive appraisal style, but via a mechanism other than enhanced learning of the appraisal style.

Are the discrepancies between self- and others' appraisals of competence predictive or reflective of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: a longitudinal study, Part II.

PubMed

Hoffman, K B; Cole, D A; Martin, J M; Tram, J; Seroczynski, A D

2000-11-01

Two cohorts of children and adolescents (who started 6th grade in 1993 and 1996), parents, teachers, and peers participated in a 4-wave, 2-year, longitudinal study of perceived competence and depressive symptoms. The authors assessed children's tendencies to underestimate their competence (discrepant self-appraisals) relative to the appraisals of significant others. We also assessed the degree to which self-appraisals reflected the evaluations of others (reflective self-appraisals). Domains of competence were academic competence, physical appearance, behavioral conduct, social acceptance, and athletic competence. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that depressive symptoms correlated with reflective and discrepant self-appraisals. Longitudinal analyses revealed that reflective and discrepant self-appraisals predicted subsequent depressive symptoms and that depressive symptoms predicted discrepant but not reflective self-appraisals. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Investigating m-Health Acceptance from a Protection Motivation Theory Perspective: Gender and Age Differences.

PubMed

Guo, Xitong; Han, Xiaocui; Zhang, Xiaofei; Dang, Yuanyuan; Chen, Chun

2015-08-01

Mobile health (m-health) services are becoming increasingly important and widely accepted. However, empirical studies on potential users' m-health acceptance behavior remain underexplored. Indeed, m-health adoption is not only a technology acceptance behavior, but also a health-related behavior. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory, this article explores users' m-health adoption behavior from the perspectives of threat appraisal and coping appraisal, and also examines the moderating role of gender and age through a survey of potential users. The survey was conducted among 500 potential m-health service participants. Our results show that threat appraisal and coping appraisal factors influence adoption intention through attitude. It is also found that gender and age play different moderating roles with threat appraisal and coping appraisal factors. Gender and age play different roles between threat appraisal and coping appraisal factors in the acceptance of m-health. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Role of Islamic appraisals, trauma-related appraisals, and religious coping in the posttraumatic adjustment of Muslim trauma survivors.

PubMed

Berzengi, Azi; Berzenji, Latef; Kadim, Aladdin; Mustafa, Falah; Jobson, Laura

2017-03-01

This research investigated the role of Islamic appraisals, trauma-related appraisals, and religious coping in Muslim trauma survivors. We report 2 studies of Muslim trauma survivors with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) living in the United Kingdom (Study 1) and a sample of Muslim trauma survivors living in Northern Iraq (Study 2). In both studies participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Brief Religious Coping Scale, Islamic Appraisal Questionnaire, and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory in Arabic. First, it was found that negative religious coping differentiated between trauma survivors with and without PTSD (Study 1) and was significantly correlated with PTSD symptoms (Study 2). Second, negative Islamic appraisals were significantly associated with greater PTSD symptoms whereas positive Islamic appraisals were significantly associated with fewer PTSD symptoms (Study 2). Third, negative trauma-related appraisals correlated significantly with, and uniquely predicted, PTSD symptoms (Study 2). Finally, trauma-related appraisals were found to mediate the relationship between negative Islamic appraisals and negative religious coping and PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the theoretical emphasis on trauma-related cognitions may also be applicable to our understanding of PTSD in Muslim trauma survivors. However, for this population, trauma-related appraisals and subsequent coping strategies may be influenced by Islamic beliefs and values. Clinically, our findings suggest that addressing PTSD symptoms in Muslim trauma survivors may require clinicians to consider the impact of trauma on the survivor's religious appraisals and relationship with God. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Cancer survivors' understanding of the cause and cure of their illness: Religious and secular appraisals.

PubMed

Carney, Lauren M; Park, Crystal L

2018-02-28

Little is known about survivors' understanding of the cause of their cancer and of their recovery, nor how these ways of understanding relate to their well-being. No study has examined both secular and religious appraisals of the same event. The current study aimed to examine both religious (God) and secular (self) appraisals of both the cause (attributions) and course/cure of cancer in relation to multiple aspects of adjustment. Data were obtained from a sample of cancer survivors at Time 1 (n = 250) and 1 year later (Time 2, n = 167). Cancer survivors endorsed higher appraisals relating to course/cure of their cancer than those relating to cause, and they endorsed both secular and religious appraisals. Appraisals of the cause and course/cure of cancer were differentially related to adjustment, such that self-attributions of cause and God-attributions of cause were related to negative aspects of adjustment (eg, negative affect and pessimism), while appraisals of self and God's control over the course/cure were related to positive aspects of adjustment (eg, perceived positive life and health changes since cancer). Religiosity did not moderate most of relationships between religious appraisals and adjustment outcomes. Secular and religious appraisals of cancer are not mutually exclusive, and religious appraisals are associated with adjustment regardless of survivors' religiosity. Appraisals relating to cause and course/cure have differential relationships with well-being. Addressing cancer survivors' appraisals-religious or nonreligious-in a therapeutic setting may be beneficial regardless of their reported religiosity. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

5 CFR 430.307 - Appraising performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Appraising performance. 430.307 Section 430.307 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Managing Senior Executive Performance § 430.307 Appraising performance. (a) Annual appraisals...

5 CFR 430.307 - Appraising performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appraising performance. 430.307 Section 430.307 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Managing Senior Executive Performance § 430.307 Appraising performance. (a) Annual appraisals...

5 CFR 430.307 - Appraising performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Appraising performance. 430.307 Section 430.307 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Managing Senior Executive Performance § 430.307 Appraising performance. (a) Annual appraisals...

5 CFR 430.307 - Appraising performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appraising performance. 430.307 Section 430.307 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Managing Senior Executive Performance § 430.307 Appraising performance. (a) Annual appraisals...

5 CFR 430.307 - Appraising performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appraising performance. 430.307 Section 430.307 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Managing Senior Executive Performance § 430.307 Appraising performance. (a) Annual appraisals...

76 FR 5161 - Determination Regarding National Appraisal Complaint Hotline

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-03] Determination Regarding National Appraisal Complaint Hotline AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC) of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. ACTION: Determination by the ASC regarding a national appraisal complaint...

The merits of measuring challenge and hindrance appraisals.

PubMed

Searle, Ben J; Auton, Jaime C

2015-01-01

The challenge-hindrance framework has shown that challenge stressors (work characteristics associated with potential personal gain) tend to have positive outcomes, whereas hindrance stressors (those which obstruct goals) have negative outcomes. However, typical research methods assume that stressors allocated to these categories are appraised consistently by different people and across different situations. We validate new measures of challenge and hindrance appraisals and demonstrate their utility in stress research. We used a cross-sectional survey of American employees (Study 1, n = 333), a diary survey of Australian employees (Study 2, n = 241), and a survey of Australian college students whose performance was evaluated independently (Study 3, n = 350). Even after accounting for the effects of stressors, challenge and hindrance appraisals consistently explained unique variance in affective states, with indications that stressors have indirect effects via appraisals. Such effects were seen within- as well as between-participants (Study 2). Appraisals also had expected associations with specific coping behaviors (Study 1), while challenge appraisal was associated with task performance (Study 3). The scales of challenge and hindrance appraisals were psychometrically sound across multiple contexts. RESULTS highlight the merit of considering appraisal in stress research.

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... cost methods, as applicable. Reclamation will consider nonproject water supply factors as provided in... standard appraisal procedures. (c) Appraisals of nonproject water supplies. (1) The appraiser will consider nonproject water supply factors, where appropriate, including: (i) Ground water pumping lift; (ii) Surface...

A Review and Analysis of Performance Appraisal Processes, Volume III. Performance Appraisal for Professional Service Employees: Non-Technical Report. Professionalism in Schools Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ondrack, D. A.; Oliver, C.

The third of three volumes, this report summarizes the findings of, first, a review and analysis of published literature on performance appraisal in general and particularly on the use of appraisals in public education systems, and, second, a series of field-site investigations of performance appraisal systems in action. The field site studies of…

Knowledge of the Disease, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisals in Women with Urinary Incontinence

PubMed Central

Szymona-Pałkowska, Katarzyna; Janowski, Konrad; Pedrycz, Agnieszka; Ambroży, Tadeusz; Siermontowski, Piotr; Adamczuk, Jolanta; Sapalska, Marta; Mucha, Dawid; Kraczkowski, Janusz

2016-01-01

Social support and knowledge of the disease have been shown to facilitate adaptation to a chronic disease. However, the adaptation process is not fully understood. We hypothesized that these factors can contribute to better adaptation to the disease through their impact on disease-related cognitive appraisal. To analyze the links between social support and the knowledge of the disease, on one hand, and disease-related appraisals, on the other hand, one hundred fifty-eight women with stress UI, aged 32 to 79, took part in the study. Questionnaire measures of knowledge of UI, social support, and disease-related appraisals were used in the study. The level of knowledge correlated significantly negatively with the appraisal of the disease as Harm. The global level of social support correlated significantly positively with three disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, and Value. Four subgroups of patients with different constellations of social support and knowledge of the disease were identified in cluster analysis and were demonstrated to differ significantly on four disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, Harm, and Value. Different cognitive appraisals of UI may be specifically related to social support and knowledge of the disease, with social support affective positive disease-related appraisals, and the knowledge affecting the appraisal of Harm. PMID:28097132

Reflected appraisals and perceived importance of significant others' appraisals as predictors of college athletes' self-perceptions of competence.

PubMed

Amorose, Anthony J

2003-03-01

This study examined the reflected appraisal process with college athletes (N = 325). Specifically, the study tested (a) the relative influence of the reflected appraisals of mothers, fathers, coaches, and teammates (i.e., how athletes perceive these others view their ability) on athletes' self-perceptions of competence, and (b) whether the importance placed on these significant others as sources of competence information moderated the relationship. Based on a factor analysis, composite variables were formed representing the reflected appraisals of the athletes' parents (i.e., father, mother) and the reflected appraisals of sport-others (i.e., coach, teammates). Regression analyses revealed that the reflected appraisals of parents (beta = .21) and sport-others (beta = .55) predicted self-perceptions of competence (p < .05, R2 = .45). Follow-up analyses determined that the reflected appraisal of sport-others was a significantly stronger predictor. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the interaction of reflected appraisals and the importance of significant others did not significantly add to the prediction of self-perceptions of competence (p > .05, deltaR2 = .01) beyond the independent effects of these constructs. Results are discussed in terms of the reflected appraisal process and the influence of significant others on athletes' self-perceptions.

Knowledge of the Disease, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisals in Women with Urinary Incontinence.

PubMed

Szymona-Pałkowska, Katarzyna; Janowski, Konrad; Pedrycz, Agnieszka; Mucha, Dariusz; Ambroży, Tadeusz; Siermontowski, Piotr; Adamczuk, Jolanta; Sapalska, Marta; Mucha, Dawid; Kraczkowski, Janusz

2016-01-01

Social support and knowledge of the disease have been shown to facilitate adaptation to a chronic disease. However, the adaptation process is not fully understood. We hypothesized that these factors can contribute to better adaptation to the disease through their impact on disease-related cognitive appraisal. To analyze the links between social support and the knowledge of the disease, on one hand, and disease-related appraisals, on the other hand, one hundred fifty-eight women with stress UI, aged 32 to 79, took part in the study. Questionnaire measures of knowledge of UI, social support, and disease-related appraisals were used in the study. The level of knowledge correlated significantly negatively with the appraisal of the disease as Harm. The global level of social support correlated significantly positively with three disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, and Value. Four subgroups of patients with different constellations of social support and knowledge of the disease were identified in cluster analysis and were demonstrated to differ significantly on four disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, Harm, and Value. Different cognitive appraisals of UI may be specifically related to social support and knowledge of the disease, with social support affective positive disease-related appraisals, and the knowledge affecting the appraisal of Harm.

Are there individual and sibling differences in appraisals of interparental conflict?

PubMed

Lucas-Thompson, Rachel G; George, Melissa W

2017-10-01

Despite decades of empirical literature documenting the harmful effects of frequent, intense, violent, and unresolved interparental conflict on children's adjustment, there is considerable variability in the extent to which marital conflict contributes to the development of children's emotional and behavioral problems. Past research has documented links between properties of interparental conflict itself (e.g., intensity, frequency), children's appraisals of conflict, and children's outcomes, yet less is known about the role of individual and family characteristics in predicting children's conflict appraisals. Sibling studies may be especially helpful in understanding these individual differences yet are notably lacking in marital conflict research. The current study examines individual- and family-characteristic predictors of adolescents' appraisals of conflict in a study of 153 adolescents as well as sibling similarities in conflict appraisals in a subsample of 50 pairs of siblings. Controlling for parent reports of the frequency, intensity, and resolution of interparental conflict, parent-child relationship quality and stressful life events predicted conflict appraisals. In addition, there was nonindependence of sibling appraisals of conflict properties, but self-blame and threat appraisals appeared independent across siblings. Greater discrepancies in siblings' conflict appraisals were related to more negative marital conflict and discrepancies in parent-child relationship quality, and were found in mixed-sex sibling dyads. Implications for future studies on factors that impact children's appraisals of conflict and in particular making use of sibling studies to examine shared environmental and individual influences on appraisals is highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

12 CFR 564.6 - Professional association membership; competency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional association membership; competency... APPRAISALS § 564.6 Professional association membership; competency. (a) Membership in appraisal organizations... membership in any particular appraisal organization. (b) Competency. All staff and fee appraisers performing...

12 CFR 225.66 - Professional association membership; competency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional association membership; competency...; competency. (a) Membership in appraisal organizations. A State certified appraiser or a State licensed...) Competency. All staff and fee appraisers performing appraisals in connection with federally related...

5 CFR 430.207 - Monitoring performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... appraisal program shall include methods for appraising each critical and non-critical element during the appraisal period. Performance on each critical and non-critical element shall be appraised against its... provide assistance whenever performance is determined to be below “Fully Successful” or equivalent but...

5 CFR 430.207 - Monitoring performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... appraisal program shall include methods for appraising each critical and non-critical element during the appraisal period. Performance on each critical and non-critical element shall be appraised against its... provide assistance whenever performance is determined to be below “Fully Successful” or equivalent but...

4 CFR 4.2 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL SYSTEM EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND UTILIZATION § 4.2 Performance appraisal. (a) The GAO shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems which provide for periodic... standards; and uses the results of performance appraisal as a basis for training, rewarding, reassigning...

7 CFR Exhibit B-4 to Subpart B of... - Letter for Notifying Applicants, Lenders and Holders and Borrowers of Unfavorable Decision...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ______: At your request we have reviewed the appraisal of the property you wish to purchase. We have... appraisal education, testing and experience. The appraisal must conform to Agency Appraisal regulations...

Critical Appraisal Tools and Reporting Guidelines for Evidence-Based Practice.

PubMed

Buccheri, Robin K; Sharifi, Claire

2017-12-01

Nurses engaged in evidence-based practice (EBP) have two important sets of tools: Critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines. Critical appraisal tools facilitate the appraisal process and guide a consumer of evidence through an objective, analytical, evaluation process. Reporting guidelines, checklists of items that should be included in a publication or report, ensure that the project or guidelines are reported on with clarity, completeness, and transparency. The primary purpose of this paper is to help nurses understand the difference between critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines. A secondary purpose is to help nurses locate the appropriate tool for the appraisal or reporting of evidence. A systematic search was conducted to find commonly used critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines for EBP in nursing. This article serves as a resource to help nurse navigate the often-overwhelming terrain of critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines, and will help both novice and experienced consumers of evidence more easily select the appropriate tool(s) to use for critical appraisal and reporting of evidence. Having the skills to select the appropriate tool or guideline is an essential part of meeting EBP competencies for both practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses (Melnyk & Gallagher-Ford, 2015; Melnyk, Gallagher-Ford, & Fineout-Overholt, 2017). Nine commonly used critical appraisal tools and eight reporting guidelines were found and are described in this manuscript. Specific steps for selecting an appropriate tool as well as examples of each tool's use in a publication are provided. Practicing registered nurses and advance practice nurses must be able to critically appraise and disseminate evidence in order to meet EBP competencies. This article is a resource for understanding the difference between critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines, and identifying and accessing appropriate tools or guidelines. © 2017 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Appraisals to affect: Testing the integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder.

PubMed

Palmier-Claus, Jasper E; Dodd, Alyson; Tai, Sara; Emsley, Richard; Mansell, Warren

2016-09-01

Cognitive models have suggested that extreme appraisals of affective states and maladaptive affect regulation strategies are important in the development of bipolar symptomatology. Little is known about the pathway by which these appraisals and behaviours interact in the formation of activated and depressed affective states. This study tested the predictions that (1) ascent behaviours mediate the relationship between positive appraisals of activated mood and activation; and (2) descent behaviours mediate the relationship between negative appraisals of activated mood and depression. A total of 52 individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder (confirmed by structured interview) completed biweekly assessments of affect regulation behaviours and mood for 4 weeks. Positive and negative appraisals of affective states were assessed at baseline through the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Prediction Inventory. Multilevel mediation analysis was used to explore the data. Ascent behaviours partially mediated the relationship between positive appraisals of activated mood and activation. Descent behaviours, but not negative appraisals of activated mood, predicted levels of depression indicating the absence of a mediation effect. The results suggest that positive appraisals of activated mood can escalate activation in individuals with bipolar disorder. Such appraisals may be inherently rewarding and reinforcing directly elevating levels of activation, whilst increasing individuals' use of ascent behaviours. The results are consistent with the view that appraisals and behaviours should be targeted during cognitive behavioural therapy for bipolar disorder. It may be beneficial to target positive appraisals of activated mood in cognitive behavioural therapy for mania. Cognitive behavioural therapists may also wish to focus on identifying and targeting individuals' use of ascent behaviours to reduce highly activated states. © 2015 The British Psychological Society.

4 CFR 4.2 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 4.2 Section 4.2 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL SYSTEM EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND UTILIZATION § 4.2 Performance appraisal. (a) The GAO shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems which provide for periodic...

4 CFR 4.2 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 4.2 Section 4.2 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL SYSTEM EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND UTILIZATION § 4.2 Performance appraisal. (a) The GAO shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems which provide for periodic...

19 CFR 162.43 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INSPECTION, SEARCH, AND SEIZURE Treatment of Seized Merchandise § 162.43 Appraisement. (a) Property under seizure and subject to forfeiture. Seized property shall be appraised as required by section... to the place of appraisement shall be reported. (b) Property not under seizure. The basis for a claim...

7 CFR 4280.141 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Guaranteed Loans § 4280.141 Appraisals. (a... of $600,000 or more, a complete self-contained appraisal must be conducted. Lenders must complete at... assessment on existing business sites, which should be provided to the appraiser for completion of the self...

7 CFR 4280.141 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Guaranteed Loans § 4280.141 Appraisals. (a... of $600,000 or more, a complete self-contained appraisal must be conducted. Lenders must complete at... assessment on existing business sites, which should be provided to the appraiser for completion of the self...

7 CFR 4280.141 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Guaranteed Loans § 4280.141 Appraisals. (a... of $600,000 or more, a complete self-contained appraisal must be conducted. Lenders must complete at... assessment on existing business sites, which should be provided to the appraiser for completion of the self...

5 CFR 430.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as defined at § 430.203 and performance management systems as defined at § 430.303. GPRA means the Government... Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.402 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system...

Patients' appraisals of public and private healthcare: a qualitative study of physiotherapy and osteopathy.

PubMed

Bradbury, Katherine J; Bishop, Felicity L; Yardley, Lucy; Lewith, George

2013-10-01

Patients have previously reported differences in their experiences of treatments received in the public and private sectors; it remains unclear whether such perceived differences are particular to or shared across different interventions. This study explored whether patients' appraisals of public and private treatments are similar when appraising a complementary therapy (osteopathy) compared to a mainstream therapy (physiotherapy). Thirty-five qualitative interviews were analysed thematically. Patients' appraisals varied by health-care sector and therapy type: physiotherapy was appraised more negatively in the National Health Service than the private sector but osteopathy was appraised similarly within both health-care sectors. Potential reasons for this are discussed.

The importance of coping, threat appraisal, and beliefs in understanding and responding to fear of victimization: applications to a male prisoner sample.

PubMed

Ireland, Jane L

2011-08-01

The current study explores conceptualizations of victimization by men, focusing on threat appraisal, coping appraisal, and beliefs, and seeking to apply protection motivation theory, the applied fear response model, and social cognition. Five hundred and sixty-six male prisoners, comprising adults and adolescents, completed a measure of victimization and perpetration (DIPC-SCALED) and of fear, appraisal, and beliefs (TAB). It was predicted that increased threat appraisal and ineffective coping appraisal would predict increased fear of victimization, particularly among the mutual perpetrator/victim group. This group was expected to select strategies for managing the threat of victimization, which carried more risk to them (e.g., such as an aggressive reaction) and to present with beliefs supporting the use of aggression as a response to victimization. Fear of victimization was predicted by threat and coping appraisal although the deficit for victims appeared in coping appraisal only. Mutual perpetrator/victims presented with a specific difficulty in appraising their ability to cope with threat. Differences in beliefs supporting an aggressive response to threat were also noted across perpetrator and/or victimization groups. The article concludes by outlining the implications for theory and clinical practice.

Problem Solving Appraisal of Delinquent Adolescents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, Ruperto M.; And Others

The study investigated the following: (1) the relationship of problem solving appraisal to narcissistic vulnerability, locus of control, and depression; (2) the differences in problem solving appraisal, locus of control, and depression in first-time and repeat offenders; and (3) the prediction of problem solving appraisal by narcissistic…

7 CFR 761.7 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the making and servicing of direct FLP and Non-program loans; and (2) Appraisal reviews conducted on appraisals made in connection with the making and servicing of direct and guaranteed FLP and Non-program... the existing real estate appraisal to reach loan making or servicing decisions under either of the...

7 CFR 761.7 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... made in connection with the making and servicing of direct FLP and Non-program loans; and (2) Appraisal reviews conducted on appraisals made in connection with the making and servicing of direct and guaranteed... appraisal to reach loan making or servicing decisions under either of the following conditions: (1) The...

7 CFR 761.7 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the making and servicing of direct FLP and Non-program loans; and (2) Appraisal reviews conducted on appraisals made in connection with the making and servicing of direct and guaranteed FLP and Non-program... the existing real estate appraisal to reach loan making or servicing decisions under either of the...

Subjective Appraisal as a Feedback Tool. Technical Report 604.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burnside, Billy L.

This report examines the accuracy of subjective appraisals of several aspects of task performance, including proficiency, difficulty, frequency, and criticality. An introduction discusses current Army use of subjective appraisal, feedback methods, and problems with subjective appraisal. Data pertaining to the accuracy of various types of appraisal…

36 CFR 228.48 - Appraisal and measurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of by free-use permit. (b) Measurement. The amount of mineral material actually removed may be... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appraisal and measurement... MINERALS Disposal of Mineral Materials General Provisions § 228.48 Appraisal and measurement. (a) Appraisal...

Satisfaction of staff of Swiss insurance companies with medical appraisals: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Eichler, Klaus; Imhof, Daniel; Bollag, Yvonne; Stöhr, Susanna; Gyr, Niklaus; Auerbach, Holger

2011-03-28

A high quality of timely delivered medical appraisals is crucial for social and other insurances to judge possible occupational reintegration measures for patients with medical conditions who are in danger to lose their job. However, little is known about the satisfaction of staff of insurance companies with medical appraisals that they have commissioned.Our questionnaire survey prospectively included all medical appraisals arriving at Swiss insurances from FEB to APR 2008. We assessed the satisfaction of the commissioner with medical appraisals performed by medical assessors. In addition, we evaluated the contribution of several factors to overall satisfaction. The unit of sample was the medical appraisal. We analysed 3165 medical appraisals, 2444 (77%) of them from the public disability insurance, 678 (22%) from private accident, liability and loss of income insurances and 43 (1%) from other insurances. Overall satisfaction of staff of insurance companies in Switzerland was high, but satisfaction of the disability insurance with appraisals was generally lower compared to satisfaction of private insurances. The staff of the disability insurance judged time for preparation as too long in 30%. For staff of private insurance companies 20% of appraisals were not "worth its price". Well-grounded and comprehensible conclusions were the single most important factor for high overall satisfaction (OR 10.1; 95%-CI: 1.1-89.3). From the viewpoint of staff of insurance companies, a relevant part of medical appraisals arrives too late. Medical assessors have to take the specific needs of insurances into account, to perform more appraisals with sound conclusions in due time.

Satisfaction of staff of Swiss insurance companies with medical appraisals: a cross sectional study

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background A high quality of timely delivered medical appraisals is crucial for social and other insurances to judge possible occupational reintegration measures for patients with medical conditions who are in danger to lose their job. However, little is known about the satisfaction of staff of insurance companies with medical appraisals that they have commissioned. Our questionnaire survey prospectively included all medical appraisals arriving at Swiss insurances from FEB to APR 2008. We assessed the satisfaction of the commissioner with medical appraisals performed by medical assessors. In addition, we evaluated the contribution of several factors to overall satisfaction. The unit of sample was the medical appraisal. Findings We analysed 3165 medical appraisals, 2444 (77%) of them from the public disability insurance, 678 (22%) from private accident, liability and loss of income insurances and 43 (1%) from other insurances. Overall satisfaction of staff of insurance companies in Switzerland was high, but satisfaction of the disability insurance with appraisals was generally lower compared to satisfaction of private insurances. The staff of the disability insurance judged time for preparation as too long in 30%. For staff of private insurance companies 20% of appraisals were not "worth its price". Well-grounded and comprehensible conclusions were the single most important factor for high overall satisfaction (OR 10.1; 95%-CI: 1.1-89.3). Conclusions From the viewpoint of staff of insurance companies, a relevant part of medical appraisals arrives too late. Medical assessors have to take the specific needs of insurances into account, to perform more appraisals with sound conclusions in due time. PMID:21443762

Multisource feedback questionnaires in appraisal and for revalidation: a qualitative study in UK general practice

PubMed Central

Hill, Jacqueline J; Asprey, Anthea; Richards, Suzanne H; Campbell, John L

2012-01-01

Background UK revalidation plans for doctors include obtaining multisource feedback from patient and colleague questionnaires as part of the supporting information for appraisal and revalidation. Aim To investigate GPs' and appraisers' views of using multisource feedback data in appraisal, and of the emerging links between multisource feedback, appraisal, and revalidation. Design and setting A qualitative study in UK general practice. Method In total, 12 GPs who had recently completed the General Medical Council multisource feedback questionnaires and 12 appraisers undertook a semi-structured, telephone interview. A thematic analysis was performed. Results Participants supported multisource feedback for formative development, although most expressed concerns about some elements of its methodology (for example, ‘self’ selection of colleagues, or whether patients and colleagues can provide objective feedback). Some participants reported difficulties in understanding benchmark data and some were upset by their scores. Most accepted the links between appraisal and revalidation, and that multisource feedback could make a positive contribution. However, tensions between the formative processes of appraisal and the summative function of revalidation were identified. Conclusion Participants valued multisource feedback as part of formative assessment and saw a role for it in appraisal. However, concerns about some elements of multisource feedback methodology may undermine its credibility as a tool for identifying poor performance. Proposals linking multisource feedback, appraisal, and revalidation may limit the use of multisource feedback and appraisal for learning and development by some doctors. Careful consideration is required with respect to promoting the accuracy and credibility of such feedback processes so that their use for learning and development, and for revalidation, is maximised. PMID:22546590

Multisource feedback questionnaires in appraisal and for revalidation: a qualitative study in UK general practice.

PubMed

Hill, Jacqueline J; Asprey, Anthea; Richards, Suzanne H; Campbell, John L

2012-05-01

UK revalidation plans for doctors include obtaining multisource feedback from patient and colleague questionnaires as part of the supporting information for appraisal and revalidation. To investigate GPs' and appraisers' views of using multisource feedback data in appraisal, and of the emerging links between multisource feedback, appraisal, and revalidation. A qualitative study in UK general practice. In total, 12 GPs who had recently completed the General Medical Council multisource feedback questionnaires and 12 appraisers undertook a semi-structured, telephone interview. A thematic analysis was performed. Participants supported multisource feedback for formative development, although most expressed concerns about some elements of its methodology (for example, 'self' selection of colleagues, or whether patients and colleagues can provide objective feedback). Some participants reported difficulties in understanding benchmark data and some were upset by their scores. Most accepted the links between appraisal and revalidation, and that multisource feedback could make a positive contribution. However, tensions between the formative processes of appraisal and the summative function of revalidation were identified. Participants valued multisource feedback as part of formative assessment and saw a role for it in appraisal. However, concerns about some elements of multisource feedback methodology may undermine its credibility as a tool for identifying poor performance. Proposals linking multisource feedback, appraisal, and revalidation may limit the use of multisource feedback and appraisal for learning and development by some doctors. Careful consideration is required with respect to promoting the accuracy and credibility of such feedback processes so that their use for learning and development, and for revalidation, is maximised.

43 CFR 404.27 - How will Reclamation evaluate my request to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility study completed without the support of... Reclamation evaluate my request to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility study completed without... appraisal investigation or feasibility study is eligible to be reviewed under the program. Reclamation will...

43 CFR 404.27 - How will Reclamation evaluate my request to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility study completed without the support of... Reclamation evaluate my request to review an appraisal investigation or feasibility study completed without... appraisal investigation or feasibility study is eligible to be reviewed under the program. Reclamation will...

49 CFR 24.103 - Criteria for appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... defining the appraisal problem. The scope of work and development of an appraisal under these requirements depends on the complexity of the appraisal problem. (2) The Agency has the responsibility to assure that...), including items identified as personal property, a statement of the known and observed encumbrances, if any...

28 CFR 8.5 - Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. 8.5 Section 8.5 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FBI FORFEITURE AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN STATUTES § 8.5 Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. Seized property shall be appraised...

28 CFR 8.5 - Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. 8.5 Section 8.5 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FBI FORFEITURE AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN STATUTES § 8.5 Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. Seized property shall be appraised...

28 CFR 8.5 - Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. 8.5 Section 8.5 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FBI FORFEITURE AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN STATUTES § 8.5 Appraisement of property subject to forfeiture. Seized property shall be appraised...

A Field Study of Discrete Emotions: Athletes' Cognitive Appraisals during Competition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinent, Guillaume; Ferrand, Claude

2015-01-01

Purpose: Cognitive-motivational-relational theory (CMRT) emphasizes that cognitive appraisal components and core relational themes (in which the 6 separate appraisal judgments are brought together as 1) are the proximal determinants of athletes' emotions. This study aimed to explore appraisals associated with discrete emotions experienced by…

Appraisal and Evaluation: Chimera, Fantasy, or Practicality?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marland, Michael

1986-01-01

Looks beyond the threatening and remunerative aspects of teacher appraisal in the United Kingdom to the contribution that evaluation can make to professional and school development. Considers five sound reasons for appraisal, the roles and behaviors to be appraised, and some workable approaches and techniques. Effective leadership is the key.…

Teacher Performance Appraisal in Thailand: Poison or Panacea?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pimpa, Nattavud

2005-01-01

This research focuses on the examination of problems related to the national teacher performance appraisal system by the Thai Ministry of Education. It highlights major problems of the current performance appraisal system by delineating the weaknesses and pitfalls of the current appraisal system. The findings indicate problems to three major…

32 CFR 644.43 - Gross appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HANDBOOK Appraisal § 644.43 Gross appraisals. (a) Preparation. (1) The gross appraisal sections of real...-type or brief real estate design memoranda on civil works projects are submitted, comparable sales data... issued on the same project and if values have changed in the interim, additional sales data submitted to...

32 CFR 644.43 - Gross appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HANDBOOK Appraisal § 644.43 Gross appraisals. (a) Preparation. (1) The gross appraisal sections of real...-type or brief real estate design memoranda on civil works projects are submitted, comparable sales data... issued on the same project and if values have changed in the interim, additional sales data submitted to...

12 CFR 528.2a - Nondiscriminatory appraisal and underwriting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nondiscriminatory appraisal and underwriting. 528.2a Section 528.2a Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NONDISCRIMINATION REQUIREMENTS § 528.2a Nondiscriminatory appraisal and underwriting. (a) Appraisal. No savings...

5 CFR 430.204 - Agency performance appraisal system(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Agency performance appraisal system(s... Other Employees § 430.204 Agency performance appraisal system(s). (a) Each agency as defined at section 4301(1) of title 5, United States Code, shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems for...

The effects of subliminal anger and sadness primes on agency appraisals.

PubMed

Yang, Zixu; Tong, Eddie M W

2010-12-01

Two studies examined whether appraisals can be differentially affected by subliminal anger and sadness primes. Participants from Singapore (Experiment 1) and China (Experiment 2) were exposed to either subliminal angry faces or subliminal sad faces. Supporting appraisal theories of emotions, participants exposed to subliminal angry faces were more likely to appraise negative events as caused by other people and those exposed to subliminal sad faces were more likely to appraise the same events as caused by situational factors. The results provide the first evidence for subliminal emotion-specific cognitive effects. They show that cognitive functions such as appraisals can be affected by subliminal emotional stimuli of the same valence.

Appraisal underpinnings of affective chronometry: the role of appraisals in emotion habituation.

PubMed

Tong, Eddie M W; Bishop, George D; Enkelmann, Hwee Chong; Why, Yong Peng; Diong, Siew Maan; Khader, Majeed; Ang, Jansen

2009-08-01

In light of the lack of studies examining the cognitive components of affective chronometry, this research examined the appraisals associated with emotion habituation, using anger as the emotion of focus. Anger and its appraisals were assessed repeatedly over a day in the participants' naturalistic contexts. The trajectory of decline in anger over time after its first appearance was found to be a function of chronic coping styles. More importantly, the trajectories of anger-related appraisals generally corresponded to that of anger and were also moderated by coping styles in ways consistent with the moderating effects of coping styles on anger. Implications of these results for affective chronometry research and for appraisal research are discussed.

Personal resilience, cognitive appraisals, and coping: an integrative model of adjustment to abortion.

PubMed

Major, B; Richards, C; Cooper, M L; Cozzarelli, C; Zubek, J

1998-03-01

We hypothesized that the effects of personality (self-esteem, control, and optimism) on postabortion adaptation (distress, well-being, and decision satisfaction) would be fully mediated by preabortion cognitive appraisals (stress appraisals and self-efficacy appraisals) and postabortion coping. We further proposed that the effects of preabortion appraisals on adaptation would be fully mediated by postabortion coping. Results of a longitudinal study of 527 women who had first-trimester abortions supported our hypotheses. Women with more resilient personalities appraised their abortion as less stressful and had higher self-efficacy for coping with the abortion. More positive appraisals predicted greater acceptance/reframing coping and lesser avoidance/denial, venting, support seeking, and religious coping. Acceptance-reframing predicted better adjustment on all measures, whereas avoidance-denial and venting related to poorer adjustment on all measures. Greater support seeking was associated with reduced distress, and greater religious coping was associated with less decision satisfaction.

Personality, cognitive appraisal and adjustment in chronic pain patients.

PubMed

Herrero, Ana M; Ramírez-Maestre, Carmen; González, Vanessa

2008-11-01

This study investigated the relationship between clinical personality patterns and cognitive appraisal as well as their repercussions on adjustment to chronic pain in a sample of 91 patients. It was predicted that clinical personality patterns would be related to adjustment and cognitive appraisal processes, whereas cognitive appraisals would be related to anxiety, depression and levels of perceived pain. The instruments used were as follows: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, the Cognitive Appraisal Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney U-test were used to analyse the data obtained. The results show that certain clinical personality patterns were associated with poor adjustment to chronic pain. The use of cognitive appraisal of harm predicted higher anxiety levels and greater perceived pain in chronic pain patients. The use of cognitive appraisals of challenge predicted lower depression levels.

Strategic issues in performance appraisal: theory and practice.

PubMed

Fombrun, C J; Laud, R L

1983-01-01

Performance appraisal systems have tremendous strategic potential for governing employee behavior and thus corporate direction through their links to selection, training and career planning, and reward systems. Authors Charles J. Fombrun, assistant professor of management at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, and Robert P. Laud, senior vice-president of Drake Beam Morin, Inc., surveyed appraisal systems of Fortune 1300 corporations to find out how well companies are realizing this potential. Among their conclusions: (1) In most organizations, the typical performance appraisal system is focused on short-term goals. Strengthening the linkage between the appraisal system and the long-term implications of strategic planning could improve organizational effectiveness in the future. (2) The performance appraisal system's most prevalent use is as a feedback mechanism rather than as a management tool. Thus, the authors conclude, the role of the performance appraisal system as a strategic organizational tool is largely unappreciated by U.S. organizations.

Research report appraisal: how much understanding is enough?

PubMed

Lipscomb, Martin

2014-07-01

When appraising research papers, how much understanding is enough? More specifically, in deciding whether research results can inform practice, do appraisers need to substantively understand how findings are derived or is it sufficient simply to grasp that suitable analytic techniques were chosen and used by researchers? The degree or depth of understanding that research appraisers need to attain before findings can legitimately/sensibly inform practice is underexplored. In this paper it is argued that, where knowledge/justified beliefs derived from research evidence prompt actions that materially affect patient care, appraisers have an epistemic duty to demand high (maximal) rather than low (minimal) levels of understanding regards finding derivation (i.e. appraisers have a duty to seek a superior epistemic situation). If this argument holds assumptions about appraiser competence/ability and the feasibility of current UK conceptions of evidence based practice are destabilized. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Cognitive appraisals of alcohol use in early adolescence: Psychosocial predictors and reciprocal associations with alcohol use

PubMed Central

Colder, Craig R.; Read, Jennifer P.; Wieczorek, William F.; Eiden, Rina D.; Lengua, Liliana J.; Hawk, Larry W.; Trucco, Elisa M.; Lopez-Vergara, Hector I.

2016-01-01

Early adolescence is a dynamic period for the development of alcohol appraisals (expected outcomes of drinking and subjective evaluations of expected outcomes), yet the literature provides a limited understanding of psychosocial factors that shape these appraisals during this period. This study took a comprehensive view of alcohol appraisals and considered positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies, as well as subjective evaluations of expected outcomes. Developmental-ecological theory guided examination of individual, peer, family, and neighborhood predictors of cognitive appraisals of alcohol and use. A community sample of 378 adolescents (mean age 11.5 years at Wave 1, 52% female) was assessed annually for 4 years. Longitudinal path analysis suggested that the most robust predictors of alcohol appraisals were peer norms. Furthermore, perceived likelihood of positive and negative alcohol outcomes prospectively predicted increases in drinking. There was limited support for appraisals operating as mediators of psychosocial risk and protective factors. PMID:28479653

7 CFR 1781.14 - Planning, options, and appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Planning, options, and appraisals. 1781.14 Section...) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.14 Planning, options, and appraisals. (a) WS and RCD area plans are developed... designated agent when a WS loan, WS advance or RCD loan is made. (d) Options and appraisals related to the...

Characteristics of Appraisal Systems That Promote Job Satisfaction of Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deneire, Alexia; Vanhoof, Jan; Faddar, Jerich; Gijbels, David; Van Petegem, Peter

2014-01-01

This article examines if and how characteristics of appraisal systems used for secondary school teachers affect job satisfaction. Using multilevel analyses on data of 3 473 teachers in Flanders (Belgium), we found that appraisals with a developmental purpose and appraisals perceived as being a fair judgement, both have a positive impact on job…

7 CFR 1980.334 - Appraisal of property serving as collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Improvements” section of the form must be completed when the dwelling is less than 1 year old. (ii) Not less... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appraisal of property serving as collateral. 1980.334... status, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (b) Appraisal report. Residential appraisals...

7 CFR 1980.334 - Appraisal of property serving as collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Improvements” section of the form must be completed when the dwelling is less than 1 year old. (ii) Not less... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appraisal of property serving as collateral. 1980.334... status, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (b) Appraisal report. Residential appraisals...

7 CFR 1980.334 - Appraisal of property serving as collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Improvements” section of the form must be completed when the dwelling is less than 1 year old. (ii) Not less... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Appraisal of property serving as collateral. 1980.334... status, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (b) Appraisal report. Residential appraisals...

7 CFR 1980.334 - Appraisal of property serving as collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Improvements” section of the form must be completed when the dwelling is less than 1 year old. (ii) Not less... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Appraisal of property serving as collateral. 1980.334... status, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (b) Appraisal report. Residential appraisals...

12 CFR 202.14 - Rules on providing appraisal reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... given at any time during the application process but no later than when the creditor provides notice of... appraisals. A creditor shall provide a copy of an appraisal report used in connection with an application for... appraisal report to an applicant (whether credit is granted or denied or the application is withdrawn). (2...

12 CFR 202.14 - Rules on providing appraisal reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... given at any time during the application process but no later than when the creditor provides notice of... appraisals. A creditor shall provide a copy of an appraisal report used in connection with an application for... appraisal report to an applicant (whether credit is granted or denied or the application is withdrawn). (2...

Individual Differences in Children's Risk Perception and Appraisals in Outdoor Play Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Helen; Wyver, Shirley

2010-01-01

Child characteristics including age, gender, risk-taking behaviour and sensation seeking are thought to influence children's ability to appraise risks. The present study investigated children's risk perceptions and appraisals in the context of common outdoor physical play activities. Risk perceptions and appraisal of four- and five-year olds were…

Learning to Appraise the Quality of Qualitative Research Articles: A Contextualized Learning Object for Constructing Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chenail, Ronald J.

2011-01-01

Helping beginning qualitative researchers critically appraise qualitative research articles is a common learning objective for introductory methodology courses. To aid students in achieving competency in appraising the quality of qualitative research articles, a multi-part activity incorporating the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme's (CASP)…

12 CFR 564.8 - Appraisal policies and practices of savings associations and subsidiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appraisal policies and practices of savings associations and subsidiaries. 564.8 Section 564.8 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY APPRAISALS § 564.8 Appraisal policies and practices of savings associations and...

36 CFR 228.48 - Appraisal and measurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... All mineral materials for sale must be appraised to determine fair market value. Appraisals must be based on knowledge of the extent of the deposit, quality of material, and economic value. A sale must not be made at less than the appraised value which may be expressed as either price per cubic yard or...

12 CFR 552.14 - Dissenter and appraisal rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... demand payment of fair or appraised value. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any... right to demand payment of the fair or appraised value of his stock: Provided, That such stockholder has... stock shall have the right under this section to demand payment of the stock's fair or appraised value...

12 CFR 552.14 - Dissenter and appraisal rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... demand payment of fair or appraised value. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any... right to demand payment of the fair or appraised value of his stock: Provided, That such stockholder has... stock shall have the right under this section to demand payment of the stock's fair or appraised value...

Do prospective workday appraisals influence end-of-workday affect and self-monitored performance?

PubMed

Grawitch, Matthew J; Granda, Stephanie E; Barber, Larissa K

2008-10-01

The current study uses self-regulation as the basis for a model that examines the influence of three types of workday appraisals (resource, task, and response). At the beginning of their workday, a total of 170 faculty, graduate students, and staff of a university completed appraisal ratings of their anticipated workday tasks, resources, and responses. At the end of the workday, they completed assessments of positive and negative affect and self-monitored performance. Results suggested that resource appraisals of control and skills were predictive of task appraisals of difficulty, threat, and ambiguity. Task appraisals were then predictive of both response appraisals, in terms of anticipated support and effort, and self-monitored performance at the end of the day. Anticipated effort and self-monitored performance were both positively related to positive affect at the end of the day. Anticipated support and self-monitored performance were both negatively related to negative affect at the end of the day, while threat task appraisals were positively related to negative affect. Implications of the results for workplace interventions are discussed.

Changes in children's appraisals of marital discord from childhood through adolescence.

PubMed

Richmond, Melissa K; Stocker, Clare M

2007-09-01

The study examined how children's appraisals of marital conflict (threat and self-blame) changed across development, whether changes in exposure to marital conflict were associated with corresponding changes in appraisals, and whether the appraisal process was different for boys and girls. Data were collected on 112 families (224 children) at 4 time points. At each wave, children (mean ages ranged from 8 to 19) provided information on their appraisals of marital conflict, and parents provided information on children's exposure to marital conflict. Results indicated that appraisals of threat declined rapidly from childhood to adolescence and then declined less rapidly across adolescence; appraisals of self-blame showed little change over time. Second, changes in exposure to marital discord covaried with changes in threat over time, but not with changes in self-blame. Finally, boys experienced more self-blame than girls on average, and gender moderated the association between exposure to marital discord and threat. Results suggest that development, exposure to marital conflict, and gender are important in determining why some children appraise their parents' disputes negatively. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved

Program Facilitates CMMI Appraisals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sweetser, Wesley

2005-01-01

A computer program has been written to facilitate appraisals according to the methodology of Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). [CMMI is a government/industry standard, maintained by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, for objectively assessing the engineering capability and maturity of an organization (especially, an organization that produces software)]. The program assists in preparation for a CMMI appraisal by providing drop-down lists suggesting required artifacts or evidence. It identifies process areas for which similar evidence is required and includes a copy feature that reduces or eliminates repetitive data entry. It generates reports to show the entire framework for reference, the appraisal artifacts to determine readiness for an appraisal, and lists of interviewees and questions to ask them during the appraisal. During an appraisal, the program provides screens for entering observations and ratings, and reviewing evidence provided thus far. Findings concerning strengths and weaknesses can be exported for use in a report or a graphical presentation. The program generates a chart showing capability level ratings of the organization. A context-sensitive Windows help system enables a novice to use the program and learn about the CMMI appraisal process.

Self-focused attention affects subsequent processing of positive (but not negative) performance appraisals.

PubMed

Holzman, Jacob B; Valentiner, David P

2016-03-01

Cognitive-behavioral models highlight the conjoint roles of self-focused attention (SFA), post-event processing (PEP), and performance appraisals in the maintenance of social anxiety. SFA, PEP, and biased performance appraisals are related to social anxiety; however, limited research has examined how SFA affects information-processing following social events. The current study examined whether SFA affects the relationships between performance appraisals and PEP following a social event.. 137 participants with high (n = 72) or low (n = 65) social anxiety were randomly assigned to conditions of high SFA or low SFA while engaging in a standardized social performance. Subsequent performance appraisals and PEP were measured. Immediate performance appraisals were not affected by SFA. High levels of SFA led to a stronger, inverse relationship between immediate positive performance appraisals and subsequent negative PEP. High levels of SFA also led to a stronger, inverse relationship between negative PEP and changes in positive performance appraisals.. Future research should examine whether the current findings, which involved a standardized social performance event, extend to interaction events as well as in a clinical sample. These findings suggest that SFA affects the processing of positive information following a social performance event. SFA is particularly important for understanding how negative PEP undermines positive performance appraisals.. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The effects of performance appraisal in the Norwegian municipal health services: a case study

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Introduction Previous research in performance appraisal (PA) indicates that variation exists in learning and job motivation from performance appraisal between occupational groups. This research evaluates the potential effect of job motivation, learning and self-assessment through performance appraisals for health personnel. Case description This article focuses on goal-setting, feedback, participation and training in performance appraisals in municipal health services in Norway; and job motivation, learning and self-assessment of performance are the dependent factors. Questionnaires were distributed to a representative sample of 600 health personnel from the Norwegian municipal health service, with a response rate of 62%. Factor analysis and regression analysis were run in SPSS 12. Discussion and evaluation The study suggests that respondents learn from performance appraisal. Nurses experienced some higher job motivation from performance appraisal than auxiliary nurses. All subordinates perceived higher job motivation after performance appraisal than managers. Conclusion Useful feedback, active participation and higher education are fundamental elements of discussion in performance appraisal, as well as the role of increasing employees' job motivation. In this study, nurses' job motivation seems to be more effected by PA, than for auxiliary nurses. Both nurses and auxiliary nurses indicate that there is a learning effect from PA. This study may be of interest to health researchers and managers in municipal health services. PMID:21974831

How Do Alcohol and Relationship Type Affect Women’s Risk Judgment of Partners with Differing Risk Histories?

PubMed Central

Norris, Jeanette; Kiekel, Preston A.; Morrison, Diane M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; George, William H.; Zawacki, Tina; Abdallah, Devon Alisa; Jacques-Tiura, Angela J.; Stappenbeck, Cynthia A.

2013-01-01

Understanding how women judge male partners’ sexual risk is important to developing risk reduction programs. Applying a cognitive mediation model of sexual decision making, our study investigated effects of alcohol consumption (control, low dose, high dose) and relationship type (disrupted vs. new) on women’s risk judgments of a male sexual partner in three sexual risk conditions (low, unknown, high). After random assignment to an experimental condition, 328 participants projected themselves into a story depicting a sexual interaction. The story was paused to assess primary appraisals of sexual and relationship potential and secondary appraisals of pleasure, health, and relationship concerns, followed by sexual risk judgments. In all risk conditions, alcohol and disrupted relationship increased sexual potential whereas disrupted relationship increased relationship potential in the low- and high-risk conditions. In the unknown-risk condition, women in the no-alcohol, new relationship condition had the lowest primary sexual appraisals. In all conditions, sexual appraisals predicted all secondary appraisals, but primary relationship appraisals predicted only secondary relationship appraisals. Secondary health appraisals led to increased risk judgments whereas relationship appraisals predicted lower risk judgments. Possible intervention points include helping women to re-evaluate their safety beliefs about past partners, as well as to develop behavioral strategies for decreasing hazardous drinking. PMID:24003264

Practice nurse appraisal: evaluation report.

PubMed

Murie, Jill; Wilson, Anne; Cerinus, Marie

2009-07-01

As general practice nurses (GPNs) now perform many activities formerly undertaken by general practitioners (GPs), the paperwork and process of the Scottish GP appraisal scheme may be usefully replicated for GPN appraisal. Eight GPNs adapted paperwork. Ten GP appraisers in NHS Lanarkshire were invited to interview their GPN(s) using the adapted paperwork. Both groups evaluated the project from 'descriptive' (participation and process) and 'reflective' or qualitative perspectives. Eight GPs appraised 11 GPNs using a ten-page document. GPNs reported that the documentation was helpful in preparing for and participating in the interview, as well as the planning of future objectives and development. GPs reported that the appraisal interview incorporated GPNs' views, the content was relevant, and their approach nonjudgemental and developmental. Some expressed concern that their participation had not helped them identify ways of addressing GPN learning needs. There was clear indication from GPNs that trained colleagues rather than GP employers are preferred appraisers. Improvements in the paperwork would be required. There is potential to replicate the paperwork and processes used in GP appraisal to GPNs, subject to refinement of the paperwork and engagement of trained nurse colleagues in the process. This may reduce the effect of collusion, inhibition or conflict of interest. However, GPN personal development still must be reconciled with practice priorities and development. The results of this pilot indicate a positive response in terms of participation and process. Further research should examine GPN appraisal using an external nurse appraiser, training issues and resource implications.

Evidence appraisal: a scoping review, conceptual framework, and research agenda.

PubMed

Goldstein, Andrew; Venker, Eric; Weng, Chunhua

2017-11-01

Critical appraisal of clinical evidence promises to help prevent, detect, and address flaws related to study importance, ethics, validity, applicability, and reporting. These research issues are of growing concern. The purpose of this scoping review is to survey the current literature on evidence appraisal to develop a conceptual framework and an informatics research agenda. We conducted an iterative literature search of Medline for discussion or research on the critical appraisal of clinical evidence. After title and abstract review, 121 articles were included in the analysis. We performed qualitative thematic analysis to describe the evidence appraisal architecture and its issues and opportunities. From this analysis, we derived a conceptual framework and an informatics research agenda. We identified 68 themes in 10 categories. This analysis revealed that the practice of evidence appraisal is quite common but is rarely subjected to documentation, organization, validation, integration, or uptake. This is related to underdeveloped tools, scant incentives, and insufficient acquisition of appraisal data and transformation of the data into usable knowledge. The gaps in acquiring appraisal data, transforming the data into actionable information and knowledge, and ensuring its dissemination and adoption can be addressed with proven informatics approaches. Evidence appraisal faces several challenges, but implementing an informatics research agenda would likely help realize the potential of evidence appraisal for improving the rigor and value of clinical evidence. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Racing with friends: Resistance to peer influence, gist and specific risk beliefs.

PubMed

Mirman, Jessica H; Curry, Allison E

2016-11-01

Studies assessing young drivers' risk appraisals with their driving behavior have shown both positive and inverse associations, possibly due to differences in survey items that cue gist appraisals about risk (i.e., beliefs that are focused on meaning) or specific appraisals (i.e., beliefs that are focused on discrete instances). Prior research has indicated that gist-based reasoning is protective against engaging in risk behavior and that use of gist appraisals increases with development. Additionally, although much of adolescents' risk-taking occurs in groups, almost no research examines how adolescents' resistance to peer influence may relate to their specific and gist beliefs about socially-bound risk behavior, as well as their future engagement in such behavior. One hundred and thirty-two adolescent drivers participated in a prospective self-report study on racing behavior. Surveys measured specific and gist risk appraisals, resistance to peer influence, and racing behavior at two time points three months apart. We hypothesized that stronger specific appraisals would be associated with greater likelihood of racing, and stronger gist appraisals would be protective. Further, we hypothesized that resistance to peer influence would be positively associated with gist appraisals and negatively associated with specific risk appraisals; and would also be inversely associate with racing. Specific risk appraisals and gist appraisals were predictive of racing behavior as hypothesized. Resistance to peer influence did not predict racing, but was associated with each type of risk appraisal as predicted at Time 1, although the association between specific risk and resistance to peer influence was non-significant at the second time point. Gist beliefs and the ability to resist influence from friends might be indicative of an underlying strength of one's own beliefs about the self as a non-risk taking person who stands up for his or her beliefs, which is protective against engaging in risky behavior, such as racing with friends. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metacognition moderates the relationship between dysfunctional self-appraisal and social functioning in prolonged schizophrenia independent of psychopathology.

PubMed

James, Alison V; Hasson-Ohayon, Ilanit; Vohs, Jenifer; Minor, Kyle S; Leonhardt, Bethany L; Buck, Kelly D; George, Sunita; Lysaker, Paul H

2016-08-01

Both dysfunctional self-appraisal and metacognitive deficits, or impairments in the ability to form complex and integrated ideas about oneself and others, may contribute to social deficits in schizophrenia. Little is known, however, about how they interact with each other. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that both higher metacognition and more positive self-appraisal are necessary for increased social functioning. Concurrent assessments of self-appraisal, metacognition, and social functioning were gathered from 66 adults with schizophrenia in a non-acute phase of disorder. Three forms of self-appraisal were used: self-esteem, hope and self-efficacy. Metacognition was assessed using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated, and social functioning with the Quality of Life Scale. Measures of psychopathology, neurocognition and social cognition were also gathered for use as potential covariates. A single index of self-appraisal was generated from subjecting the assessments of self-appraisal to a principal components analysis. Linear regression analyses revealed that after controlling for severity of psychopathology, metacognition moderated the effect of the self-appraisal factor score upon social functioning. A median split of metacognition and the self-appraisal index yielded four groups. ANCOVA analyses revealed that participants with higher levels of metacognition and more positive self-appraisal had greater capacities for social relatedness than all other participants, regardless of levels of positive and negative symptoms. Correlational analyses revealed that metacognition but not self-appraisal was related to the frequencies of social contact independent of the effects of psychopathology. Assessments of social cognition and neurocognition were not significantly linked with social dysfunction. Greater social functioning is made possible by a combination of both more positive self-appraisals and greater metacognitive capacity. Individuals with schizophrenia who struggle to relate to others may benefit from interventions which address both their beliefs about themselves and their capacity for metacognition. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The effectiveness of health appraisal processes currently in addressing health and wellbeing during spatial plan appraisal: a systematic review.

PubMed

Gray, Selena; Carmichael, Laurence; Barton, Hugh; Mytton, Julie; Lease, Helen; Joynt, Jennifer

2011-11-24

Spatial planning affects the built environment, which in turn has the potential to have a significant impact on health, for good or ill. One way of ensuring that spatial plans take due account of health is through the inclusion of health considerations in the statutory and non statutory appraisal processes linked to plan-making processes. A systematic review to identify evaluation studies of appraisals or assessments of plans where health issues were considered from 1987 to 2010. A total of 6161 citations were identified: 6069 from electronic databases, 57 fromwebsite searches, with a further 35 citations from grey literature, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. These 20 citations reported on a total of 135 different case studies: 11 UK HIA; 11 non UK high income countries HIA, 5 UK SEA or other integrated appraisal; 108 non UK high income SEA or other integrated appraisal. All studies were in English. No relevant studies were identified reporting on low or middle income countries.The studies were limited by potential bias (no independent evaluation, with those undertaking the appraisal also responsible for reporting outcomes), lack of detail and a lack of triangulation of results. Health impact assessments generally covered the four specified health domains (physical activity, mental health and wellbeing, environmental health issues such as pollution and noise, injury) more comprehensively than SEA or other integrated appraisals, although mental health and wellbeing was an underdeveloped area. There was no evidence available on the incorporation of health in Sustainability Appraisal, limited evidence that the recommendations from any type of appraisal were implemented, and almost no evidence that the recommendations had led to the anticipated outcomes or improvements in health postulated. Research is needed to assess (i) the degree to which statutory plan appraisal processes (SA in the UK) incorporate health; (ii) whether recommendations arising from health appraisal translate into the development process and (iii) whether outcomes are as anticipated.

An exploration of the utility of appraisals for the revalidation of pharmacy professionals in community pharmacy in Great Britain.

PubMed

Jee, Samuel D; Jacobs, Sally; Schafheutle, Ellen I; Elvey, Rebecca; Hassell, Karen; Noyce, Peter R

2013-01-01

With revalidation in pharmacy in the United Kingdom fast approaching, appropriate systems of revalidation in community pharmacy are required. With little known about the potential use of appraisals for evaluating fitness to practice in pharmacy professionals (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) in this sector, research was undertaken to explore their potential utility in a revalidation process. To examine existing structures and processes in community pharmacy appraisals in Great Britain (ie, England, Scotland, and Wales) and consider the views of pharmacy stakeholders on if, and how, appraisals could contribute to revalidation of pharmacy professionals. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with senior staff (eg, superintendents and professional development managers) from chain community pharmacies as well as pharmacy managers/owners from independent pharmacies. Senior staff from locum agencies and pharmacy technician stakeholders were also interviewed. Appraisals were in place for pharmacists in most chain pharmacies but not in independent pharmacies. Locum pharmacists were not appraised, either by the companies they worked for or by the locum agencies. Pharmacy managers/owners working in independent pharmacies were also not appraised. Pharmacy technicians were appraised in most chain pharmacies but only in some independent pharmacies. Where appraisals were in operation, they were carried out by line managers who may or may not be a pharmacist. Appraisals did not seem to cover areas relevant to fitness to practice but instead focused more on performance related to business targets. This was particularly true for those in more senior positions within the organization such as area managers and superintendent pharmacists. Existing systems of appraisal, on their own, do not seem to be suitable for revalidating a pharmacy professional. Considerable changes to the existing appraisal systems in community pharmacy and employer engagement may be necessary if they are to play a role in revalidation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A scoring system for appraising mixed methods research, and concomitantly appraising qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods primary studies in Mixed Studies Reviews.

PubMed

Pluye, Pierre; Gagnon, Marie-Pierre; Griffiths, Frances; Johnson-Lafleur, Janique

2009-04-01

A new form of literature review has emerged, Mixed Studies Review (MSR). These reviews include qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. In the present paper, we examine MSRs in health sciences, and provide guidance on processes that should be included and reported. However, there are no valid and usable criteria for concomitantly appraising the methodological quality of the qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. To propose criteria for concomitantly appraising the methodological quality of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies or study components. A three-step critical review was conducted. 2322 references were identified in MEDLINE, and their titles and abstracts were screened; 149 potentially relevant references were selected and the full-text papers were examined; 59 MSRs were retained and scrutinized using a deductive-inductive qualitative thematic data analysis. This revealed three types of MSR: convenience, reproducible, and systematic. Guided by a proposal, we conducted a qualitative thematic data analysis of the quality appraisal procedures used in the 17 systematic MSRs (SMSRs). Of 17 SMSRs, 12 showed clear quality appraisal procedures with explicit criteria but no SMSR used valid checklists to concomitantly appraise qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. In two SMSRs, criteria were developed following a specific procedure. Checklists usually contained more criteria than needed. In four SMSRs, a reliability assessment was described or mentioned. While criteria for quality appraisal were usually based on descriptors that require specific methodological expertise (e.g., appropriateness), no SMSR described the fit between reviewers' expertise and appraised studies. Quality appraisal usually resulted in studies being ranked by methodological quality. A scoring system is proposed for concomitantly appraising the methodological quality of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies for SMSRs. This scoring system may also be used to appraise the methodological quality of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods components of mixed methods research.

First Contact: the intersection of demographics, knowledge, and appraisal of treatment at the initial infertility visit

PubMed Central

CHILDRESS, Krista J.; LAWSON, Angela K.; GHANT, Marissa S.; MENDOZA, Gricelda; CARDOZO, Eden R.; CONFINO, Edmond; MARSH, Erica E.

2015-01-01

Objective To determine the impact of the initial infertility visit on treatment-related knowledge, patient anxiety, and appraisals of treatment. Study Design Prospective survey. Setting Academic medical center. Patients 234 English-speaking women, ages 18-50, attending their first infertility visit Intervention(s) Participants completed a survey assessing health literacy, knowledge, anxiety, and appraisals of the treatment process before and after their infertility visit. Main Outcome Measure(s) 1) Knowledge of infertility and treatment and, 2) Anxiety and appraisal scores. Results Most participants were white and earned >$100,000/year and had at least a college education. Baseline knowledge of reproductive anatomy, ART, and fertility factors was modest, but improved after the initial visit. Factors associated with higher knowledge included higher education and income, White or Asian ethnicity, and English as their primary language. Patient appraisals of treatment represented by the positive (Challenge) and negative (Threat and Loss) subscale scores on the Appraisal of Life Events (ALE) scale, changed from the pre-visit survey to the post-visit survey. Negative appraisals of treatment and anxiety scores decreased and positive appraisals of treatment increased after the initial visit. Lower knowledge was associated with higher positive appraisal scores lower health literacy was associated with higher anxiety and appraisal scores (positive and negative) post-visit. Black women had higher Challenge scores compared to White and Asian women. Hispanic women had higher anxiety scores than non-Hispanic women. Conclusions Infertility patients have modest baseline knowledge of fertility and infertility treatment. The initial infertility visit can improve this knowledge and decrease both negative appraisals of treatment and anxiety levels. Differences in knowledge and appraisal were seen across ethnic groups and other demographic variables. Physicians should individualize patient counseling to improve patients’ knowledge and provide realistic treatment expectations, while also reducing patient anxiety. PMID:26003271

Is the Annual Confidential Report system effective? A study of the government appraisal system in Gujarat, India.

PubMed

Purohit, Bhaskar; Martineau, Tim

2016-06-02

Effective performance appraisal systems can not only motivate employees to improve performance but also be important for the performance of organizations. However, the appraisal systems in civil services called the Annual Confidential Report (ACR) systems can be ineffective and do not contribute to employees' learning and development. With this background, the current study aimed at understanding the ACR system and assessing its effectiveness. The research aims to contribute in filling the knowledge gap in the existing literature on the need as to why the ACR system in civil services is an important human resource management (HRM) function. The analysis is based on policy review to understand the extant appraisal-related rules and policies. Nineteen in-depth interviews with medical officers (MOs) working with the government health department of Gujarat, India, were conducted. The main objective of the research was to assess the effectiveness of the actual appraisal system called or referred to as the ACR as perceived by MOs. Thematic framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data using NVIVO 9. Themes were built around five features of an effective appraisal system, i.e., purpose, source, feedback quality, link of the ACR system with other human resource functions, and administrative effectiveness. The five features of the effective appraisal system studied in the current research (purpose, source, feedback quality, link of ACR system with other HRM functions, and administrative effectiveness) indicate that the overall appraisal system is ineffective. The overall appraisal system was perceived to be subjective and one directional in character by the study respondents. Furthermore, respondents perceived the appraisal system to be a ritual and where MOs hardly got to know about their performance, especially good performance. Hence, the feedback loop, an important feature for an effective appraisal system, was absent. The overall ACR system functions in isolation with no link to other HRM functions such as training and counselling, and a weak link with salary administration and promotion. Addressing the five features or domains of an effective appraisal system can lead to improved perceived fairness MOs have on the current appraisal system which may further influence the satisfaction and motivation positively. Improved motivation and satisfaction with the appraisal system can influence two important human resource for health-related outcomes, i.e., performance and retention.

15 CFR 904.503 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS CIVIL PROCEDURES Seizure and Forfeiture Procedures § 904.503 Appraisement. NOAA will appraise seized property to determine its...

An Effective Model of Teacher Appraisal: Evidence from Secondary Schools in Shanghai, China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Xiao-feng; Ng, Ho-ming

2017-01-01

Teacher appraisal has been widely practised in China for decades. With the introduction, in 2009, of the teacher performance pay system, however, teacher appraisal has undergone certain changes. This study explores the practice of teacher appraisal, using a qualitative approach and taking public schools in Shanghai as its research sites. The…

Quality Appraisal of Single-Subject Experimental Designs: An Overview and Comparison of Different Appraisal Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wendt, Oliver; Miller, Bridget

2012-01-01

Critical appraisal of the research literature is an essential step in informing and implementing evidence-based practice. Quality appraisal tools that assess the methodological quality of experimental studies provide a means to identify the most rigorous research suitable for evidence-based decision-making. In single-subject experimental research,…

The Development of a Comparative Appraisal of Perceived Resources and Demands for Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maerz, Drew Rory

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop the Comparative Appraisal of perceived Resources and Demands for Principals (CARD-P), which is used for appraising perceived stress in the elementary school principalship. An appraisal-based definition of stress was derived from literature and used as the theoretical framework for creating the instrument.…

Cognitive Appraisals of Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence: Psychosocial Predictors and Reciprocal Associations with Alcohol Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colder, Craig R.; Read, Jennifer P.; Wieczorek, William F.; Eiden, Rina D.; Lengua, Liliana J.; Hawk, Larry W., Jr.; Trucco, Elisa M.; Lopez-Vergara, Hector I.

2017-01-01

Early adolescence is a dynamic period for the development of alcohol appraisals (expected outcomes of drinking and subjective evaluations of expected outcomes), yet the literature provides a limited understanding of psychosocial factors that shape these appraisals during this period. This study took a comprehensive view of alcohol appraisals and…

24 CFR 248.111 - Appraisal and preservation value of eligible low income housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... regarding the performance of an appraisal pursuant to this section. (c) Appraisers. The Commissioner and the owner shall each select and compensate an appraiser who shall: (1) Neither be an employee of the Federal Government nor an employee or officer of any entity that is affiliated with the owner or the mortgagee of...

Counselor's Handbook: I, Counselor's Interviewing Guides in Individual Appraisal; II, Counselee Appraisal Patterns Related to Fields of Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Employment Security (DOL), Washington, DC.

Part I includes guides for appraising individual characteristics such as interests, temperament, educational development, and aptitudes, to help the counselee learn about himself. Part II includes guidelines for appraising individual characteristics as they relate to the 18 fields of work (occupational clusters) which help the counselee learn…

The role of appraisal distortion, contempt, and morality in couple conflict: a grounded theory.

PubMed

Whiting, Jason B

2008-01-01

A common goal of couples' therapy is to help individuals modify their view of each other and the relationship. Distorted views and appraisals contribute to conflict, and these can be manifest by use of rationalization or denial. This study explored appraisal distortion as an evaluative and moral process that occurs during partner conflict, particularly when it becomes contemptuous and aggressive. Using a philosophical base that is grounded in the ethical relationship, a model of appraisal distortion and couple conflict was created using constructivist grounded theory methods. The theoretical concepts derived from the data show relationships between one's relational stance, appraisal distortion, and verbal and physical aggression. This model implies that helping individuals take responsibility for appraisals is important in treating conflict.

78 FR 10367 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-13

...The Board, Bureau, FDIC, FHFA, NCUA, and OCC (collectively, the Agencies) are issuing a final rule to amend Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act (TILA), and the official interpretation to the regulation. The revisions to Regulation Z implement a new provision requiring appraisals for ``higher-risk mortgages'' that was added to TILA by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act or Act). For mortgages with an annual percentage rate that exceeds the average prime offer rate by a specified percentage, the final rule requires creditors to obtain an appraisal or appraisals meeting certain specified standards, provide applicants with a notification regarding the use of the appraisals, and give applicants a copy of the written appraisals used.

75 FR 67968 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-9] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... [[Page 67969

Cancer-related fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients postchemotherapy: Different associations with optimism and stress appraisals.

PubMed

Levkovich, Inbar; Cohen, Miri; Pollack, Shimon; Drumea, Karen; Fried, Georgeta

2015-10-01

Symptoms of depression and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are common among breast cancer patients postchemotherapy and may seriously impair quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression and CRF in breast cancer patients postchemotherapy and to examine their relationships to optimism and to threat and challenge appraisals. Participants included 95 breast cancer patients (stages 1-3) 1 to 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. Patients submitted personal and medical details and completed the following: physical symptom questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-BR23), a symptoms of depression questionnaire (CES-D), the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and a stress appraisals questionnaire. We found levels of depression, CRF, and appraisals of cancer as a threat to bemoderate and levels of optimism and appraisals of cancer as a challenge to be high. Depression and CRF were positively associated. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that 51% of the CRF variancewas explained; physical symptoms and threat appraisal were significantly associated with CRF. A 67% of the CRF variance of depression was explained; challenge and threat appraisals were significantly associated with depression [corrected]. Although CRF and depression were often experienced simultaneously and both were found to be higher among individuals who gave higher appraisals of cancer as a threat, only depression was related to optimism and challenge appraisals, while CRF was related mainly to intensity of physical symptoms. The different pattern of associations between optimism and appraisals warrants further clinical attention as well as future study.

Self-esteem and optimism in men and women infected with HIV.

PubMed

Anderson, E H

2000-01-01

Self-esteem and optimism have been associated with appraisal and outcomes in a variety of situations. The degree to which the contribution of self-esteem and optimism to outcomes over time is accounted for by the differences in threat (primary) or resource (secondary) appraisal has not been established in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To examine the longitudinal relationship of personality (self-esteem and optimism) on primary and secondary appraisal and outcomes of well-being, mood, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, and selected activities. Men (n = 56) and women (n = 42) infected with HIV completed eight self-report measures twice over 18 months. Hierarchical Multiple Regressions were used to examine the relationship of personality variables on appraisals and outcomes. The mediating effects of primary and secondary appraisals were explored. Self-esteem uniquely accounted for 6% of the variance in primary appraisal and 5% in secondary appraisal. Optimism accounted for 8% of the unique variance in secondary appraisal. Primary and secondary appraisal mediated differently between personality and outcome variables. A strong predictor of well-being, mood disturbance, and activity disruption at Time 2 was participants' initial level of these variables. Socioeconomic status was a strong predictor of mood. Self-esteem and optimism are important but different resources for adapting to HIV disease. Strategies for reducing threats and increasing resources associated with HIV may improve an individual's mood and sense of well-being.

Maladaptive cognitive appraisals in children with high-functioning autism: associations with fear, anxiety and theory of mind.

PubMed

Sharma, Shilpi; Woolfson, Lisa M; Hunter, Simon C

2014-04-01

Despite the well-documented success of cognitive restructuring techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders, there is still little clarity on which cognitions underpin fear and anxiety in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. This study examined whether certain cognitive appraisals, known to be associated with fear and anxiety in typically developing groups, may help explain these emotions in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. It also investigated relations between these cognitive appraisals and theory of mind. Appraisals, fear and anxiety were assessed using a vignette approach in 22 children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and 22 typically developing children. The two groups differed significantly on all four appraisal types. Anxiety was negatively correlated with future expectancy and positively with problem-focused coping potential in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group but was not correlated with appraisals in the typically developing group. The two appraisals associated with fear were emotion-focused coping potential (in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group only) and self-accountability (in the typically developing group only). Linear regression analysis found that appraisals of emotion-focused coping potential, problem-focused coping potential and future expectancy were significant predictors of theory-of-mind ability in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorders group. These findings indicate that specific, problematic patterns of appraisal may characterise children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.

'Post-deployment appraisal' and the relationship with stress and psychological health in Australian veterans.

PubMed

Wright, Breanna; Forbes, Andrew; Kelsall, Helen; Clarke, David; Ikin, Jill; Sim, Malcolm

2015-12-01

Understanding how veterans appraise their post-deployment experiences could provide insight into better assisting their deployment transitions. We aimed to assess the factor structure of positive and negative post-deployment appraisals in Australian veterans and to examine the resultant factors in their relationship with military stress and psychological health. Questions capturing post-deployment attitudes were developed by the researchers in collaboration with veterans. The questions were administered to 1938 veterans and the results factor analysed. The relationships between post-deployment appraisal, military stress and psychological health were examined using Structural Equation Modelling. A three-factor solution was found for the post-deployment appraisal questions; representing personal development, lack of recognition, and appreciation of life and country. Military stress was associated with the three factors and psychological health. The three factors were weakly to moderately associated with psychological health. Mediation between military stress and psychological health by any post-deployment appraisal factor was minimal. Post-deployment appraisal measures three important attitudes and concerns of veterans after deployment. Military stress is associated with the post-deployment appraisal factors. However, the factors did not mediate the relationship between military stress and psychological health. These factors provide insight into how veterans appraise their complex array of post-deployment experiences, and may provide useful in regard to transitions and integration into civilian life.

43 CFR 404.20 - What information must I include in my full proposal to conduct an appraisal or a feasibility study?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... proposal to conduct an appraisal or a feasibility study? 404.20 Section 404.20 Public Lands: Interior... appraisal or a feasibility study? A full proposal to conduct an appraisal investigation or a feasibility... feasibility study and a plan for addressing those issues. The information provided must also address each of...

Critical Appraisal Toolkit (CAT) for assessing multiple types of evidence

PubMed Central

Moralejo, D; Ogunremi, T; Dunn, K

2017-01-01

Healthcare professionals are often expected to critically appraise research evidence in order to make recommendations for practice and policy development. Here we describe the Critical Appraisal Toolkit (CAT) currently used by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The CAT consists of: algorithms to identify the type of study design, three separate tools (for appraisal of analytic studies, descriptive studies and literature reviews), additional tools to support the appraisal process, and guidance for summarizing evidence and drawing conclusions about a body of evidence. Although the toolkit was created to assist in the development of national guidelines related to infection prevention and control, clinicians, policy makers and students can use it to guide appraisal of any health-related quantitative research. Participants in a pilot test completed a total of 101 critical appraisals and found that the CAT was user-friendly and helpful in the process of critical appraisal. Feedback from participants of the pilot test of the CAT informed further revisions prior to its release. The CAT adds to the arsenal of available tools and can be especially useful when the best available evidence comes from non-clinical trials and/or studies with weak designs, where other tools may not be easily applied. PMID:29770086

Negative Trauma Appraisals and PTSD Symptoms in Sri Lankan Adolescents.

PubMed

Ponnamperuma, Thyagi; Nicolson, Nancy A

2016-02-01

The cognitive model posits that negative appraisals play an important role in posttraumatic stress disorder, in children as well as in adults. This study examined correlates of negative appraisals in relation to trauma exposure and their relationship to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in 414 Sri Lankan adolescents, aged 12 to 16, living in areas impacted in varying degrees by the 2004 tsunami. In 2008, participants completed measures of negative appraisals, lifetime traumatic events, posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalizing symptoms, ongoing adversity, and social support. The majority (70 %) of the participants reported multiple traumatic events; 25 % met DSM-IV criteria for full or partial PTSD. Adolescents who had experienced more severe events, abusive events, greater cumulative trauma, or greater current adversity reported more negative appraisals. In regression analyses controlling for known risk factors such as female gender, cumulative trauma, ongoing adversity, and low social support, negative appraisals were the best predictor of PTSS, explaining 22 % of the variance. This relationship appeared specific to PTSS, as negative appraisals did not predict internalizing symptoms. Findings confirm the link between negative cognitions concerning traumatic events and persistent PTSS in adolescents, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether appraisals contribute to symptom maintenance over time.

Seeing the bigger picture: training in perspective broadening reduces self-reported affect and psychophysiological response to distressing films and autobiographical memories.

PubMed

Schartau, Patricia E S; Dalgleish, Tim; Dunn, Barnaby D

2009-02-01

Appraising negative experiences in ways that reduce associated distress is a key component of successful emotion regulation. In 4 studies, the authors examined the effects of systematically practicing appraisal skills using a computer-mediated cognitive bias modification (CBM) methodology. In Studies 1-3, healthy participants practiced applying appraisal themes linked to the idea of seeing the bigger picture to a series of distressing training films, either during each film (Study 1) or immediately after each film (Studies 2 and 3). Control participants watched the same films with no appraisal instructions. Participants who practiced appraisal, compared with controls, exhibited reduced levels of self-reported negative emotional (Studies 1-3) and electrodermal (Study 1) responses to a final test film that all participants were instructed to appraise. In Study 4, a comparable effect of appraisal practice was found using distressing autobiographical memories for participants with higher levels of negative affect. Appraisal practice also led to reduced intrusion and avoidance of the target memories in the week poststudy, compared with prestudy levels, and relative to the no-practice controls. The findings are discussed in terms of the broader literature on CBM.

Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals.

PubMed

Strack, Juliane; Esteves, Francisco

2015-01-01

The present study examined why people differ in how they appraise the same stressful situation (an approaching exam). We explored whether interpreting anxiety as a facilitative emotion can affect the type of stress appraisal people make. One hundred and three undergraduate students took part in this study, which lasted for 10 days (leading up to an exam). The students completed a daily self-reported evaluation of anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and stress experienced. The findings suggest a process by which a stressful time can be experienced as motivating rather than threatening or emotionally exhausting. For example, interpreting anxiety as facilitative moderated the relationship between anxiety and stress appraisals. When interpreting their anxiety as facilitative, individuals showed a higher tendency to make challenge stress appraisals and a lower tendency to appraising the stressor as a threat. These differences were especially visible with high levels of anxiety. Furthermore, interpreting anxiety as facilitative was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion, but positively associated with the academic performance. These findings suggest an explanation why people differ in how they appraise the same stressor: how people interpret their anxiety may to a large part affect how they appraise difficult events and situations.

Anxiety and burnout in young athletes: The mediating role of cognitive appraisal.

PubMed

Gomes, A R; Faria, S; Vilela, C

2017-12-01

This study tested the relationship between trait anxiety, cognitive appraisal, and athletes' burnout proposing two hypotheses: (a) there is a direct relationship between athletes' trait anxiety and cognitive appraisal and burnout, and (b) cognitive appraisal mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and burnout, and this mediation occurs despite the competitive level and sport records of athletes. The study included 673 young athletes and provided measures of trait anxiety, cognitive appraisal, and burnout. Structural equation modeling indicated that cognitive appraisal mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and burnout, confirming hypothesis 2, and this model provided better fit than the direct model of hypothesis 1. However, the mediation also indicated that the direct relationship between trait anxiety and burnout should be considered. The mediating model was invariant according to competitive levels and sport records. In conclusion, cognitive appraisal is an important variable in explaining athletes' burnout. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stress and coping in HIV-positive former plasma/blood donors in China: A test of cognitive appraisal theory

PubMed Central

Meade, Christina S.; Wang, Jianping; Lin, Xiuyun; Wu, Hao; Poppen, Paul J.

2013-01-01

Throughout the 1990s, many villagers in rural China were infected with HIV through commercial plasma/blood donation. These former plasma/blood donors (FPDs) experienced many HIV-related stressors. This study tested a cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping in a sample of HIV-positive adult FPDs. Participants (N = 207) from multiple villages completed a battery of questionnaires assessing HIV-related stress, HIV symptoms, cognitive appraisal, coping behaviors, and psychological distress. Participants reported high levels of HIV-related stress, depression, and anxiety. In a structural equation model, greater HIV-related stress, HIV symptoms, and threat appraisal were directly associated with psychological distress. HIV-related stress was also indirectly associated with psychological distress through threat appraisal. In a second model, coping was found to mediate the relationship between challenge appraisal and psychological distress. Results support the utility of cognitive appraisal theory. Stress management interventions targeting HIV-positive FPDs in China are indicated. PMID:19127424

Differentiating between appraisal process and product in cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress

PubMed Central

Nanney, John T.; Constans, Joseph I.; Kimbrell, Timothy A.; Kramer, Teresa L.; Pyne, Jeffrey M.

2014-01-01

Biased appraisal is central to cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress, but little research has examined the potentially distinct meanings of the term. The on-going process of appraising social information and the beliefs that emerge as products of that process can be distinguished conceptually. The present study sought to examine if these two meanings are empirically distinct as well, and if so, to begin exploring potential relations between these appraisal constructs and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Soldiers (N = 424) preparing for deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan were administered measures of each construct. Results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the appraisal process and the products of that process (i.e., beliefs) are indeed distinct. Structural equation models are consistent with cognitive bias and social information processing literatures which posit that a biased appraisal process may contribute to the development of dysfunctional beliefs and posttraumatic stress symptoms following trauma. The potential utility of distinctly conceptualizing and measuring the appraisal process in both clinical and research settings is discussed. PMID:26147520

Differentiating between appraisal process and product in cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress.

PubMed

Nanney, John T; Constans, Joseph I; Kimbrell, Timothy A; Kramer, Teresa L; Pyne, Jeffrey M

2015-07-01

Biased appraisal is central to cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress, but little research has examined the potentially distinct meanings of the term. The ongoing process of appraising social information and the beliefs that emerge as products of that process can be distinguished conceptually. This study sought to examine whether these 2 meanings are empirically distinct as well, and if so, to begin exploring potential relations between these appraisal constructs and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Soldiers (N = 424) preparing for deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan were administered measures of each construct. Results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the appraisal process and the products of that process (i.e., beliefs) are indeed distinct. Structural equation models are consistent with cognitive bias and social information processing literatures, which posit that a biased appraisal process may contribute to the development of dysfunctional beliefs and posttraumatic stress symptoms following trauma. The potential utility of distinctly conceptualizing and measuring the appraisal process in both clinical and research settings is discussed. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

The Alcohol Relapse Situation Appraisal Questionnaire: Development and Validation

PubMed Central

Martin, Rosemarie A.; MacKinnon, Selene M.; Johnson, Jennifer E.; Myers, Mark G.; Cook, Travis A. R.; Rohsenow, Damaris J.

2011-01-01

Background The role of cognitive appraisal of the threat of alcohol relapse has received little attention. A previous instrument, the Relapse Situation Appraisal Questionnaire (RSAQ), was developed to assess cocaine users’ primary appraisal of the threat of situations posing a high risk for cocaine relapse. The purpose of the present study was to modify the RSAQ in order to measure primary appraisal in situations involving a high risk for alcohol relapse. Methods The development and psychometric properties of this instrument, the Alcohol Relapse Situation Appraisal Questionnaire (A-RSAQ), were examined with two samples of abstinent adults with alcohol abuse or dependence. Factor structure and validity were examined in Study 1 (N=104). Confirmation of the factor structure and predictive validity were assessed in Study 2 (N=161). Results Results demonstrated construct, discriminant and predictive validity and reliability of the A-RSAQ. Discussion Results support the important role of primary appraisal of degree of risk in alcohol relapse situations. PMID:21237586

Young children's appraisals of interparental conflict: Measurement and links with adjustment problems.

PubMed

McDonald, Renee; Grych, John H

2006-03-01

The present study investigated 2 questions pertinent to understanding developmental aspects of children's conflict appraisals: (a) Do 7- to 9-year-old children make reliable distinctions between their perceptions of conflict and their appraisals of threat and self-blame? (b) Do threat and blame appraisals mediate the association between exposure to interparental conflict and adjustment problems in this age group? Factor analysis of a new version of the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y) designed for younger children showed that 179 7- to 9-year-old children distinguished properties of conflict from their appraisals of it. Moreover, as predicted by the cognitive-contextual framework, threat and self-blame appraisals mediated the link between conflict and internalizing problems but not externalizing problems. This study provides compelling evidence that appraisals of interparental conflict can be reliably measured at relatively young ages and suggests that perceptions of threat and self-blame function similarly in 7- to 9-year-olds as they do in older children. Copyright 2006 APA, all rights reserved.

[A correlational study on uncertainty, mastery and appraisal of uncertainty in hospitalized children's mothers].

PubMed

Yoo, Kyung Hee

2007-06-01

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation among uncertainty, mastery and appraisal of uncertainty in hospitalized children's mothers. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables. Variables were uncertainty, mastery and appraisal of uncertainty. In data analysis, the SPSSWIN 12.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Reliability of the instruments was cronbach's alpha=.84~.94. Mastery negatively correlated with uncertainty(r=-.444, p=.000) and danger appraisal of uncertainty(r=-.514, p=.000). In regression of danger appraisal of uncertainty, uncertainty and mastery were significant predictors explaining 39.9%. Mastery was a significant mediating factor between uncertainty and danger appraisal of uncertainty in hospitalized children's mothers. Therefore, nursing interventions which improve mastery must be developed for hospitalized children's mothers.

Appraisal patterns of envy and related emotions.

PubMed

van de Ven, Niels; Zeelenberg, Marcel; Pieters, Rik

2012-06-01

Envy is a frustrating emotion that arises from upward social comparison. Two studies investigated the appraisals that distinguish benign envy (aimed at improving one's own situation) from malicious envy (aimed at pulling down the superior other). Study 1 found that appraisals of deservingness and control potential differentiated both types of envy. We manipulated these appraisals in Study 2 and found that while both did not influence the intensity of envy, they did determine the type of envy that resulted. The more a situation was appraised as undeserved, the more participants experienced malicious envy. Benign envy was experienced more when the situation was not undeserved, and the most when the situation was appraised as both deserved and controllable. The current research also clarifies how the types of envy differ from the related emotions admiration and resentment.

The use of ecological momentary assessment to test appraisal theories of emotion.

PubMed

Tong, Eddie M W; Bishop, George D; Enkelmann, Hwee Chong; Why, Yong Peng; Diong, Siew Maan; Khader, Majeed; Ang, Jansen

2005-12-01

Although appraisal theories have received strong empirical support, there are methodological concerns about the research, including biased recall, heuristic responding, ethical issues, and weak and unrealistic induction of emotions in laboratories. To provide a more ecologically valid test of appraisal theories, the authors used ecological momentary assessment, in which the emotions and appraisals of Singaporean police officers were measured online over the course of an ordinary workday. The research focused on happiness. Support was obtained for predictions, demonstrating the generalizability of appraisal theories to a nonlaboratory setting and circumventing the shortcomings of previously used methodologies. Also, evidence was obtained that happiness was reported primarily in association with a specific combination of 3 relevant appraisals: high pleasantness, high perceived control, and low moral violation. Copyright (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved.

Development and validation of the Work Conflict Appraisal Scale (WCAS).

PubMed

González-Navarro, Pilar; Llinares-Insa, Lucía; Zurriaga-Llorens, Rosario; Lloret-Segura, Susana

2017-05-01

In the context of cognitive appraisal, the Work Conflict Appraisal Scale (WCAS) was developed to assess work conflict in terms of threat and challenge. In the first study, the factorial structure of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis with a Spanish multi-occupational employee sample (N= 296). In the sec-ond study, we used multi-sampling confirmatory factor analysis (N= 815) to cross-validate the results. The analyses confirm the validity of the scale and are con-sistent with the tri-dimensional conflict classification. The findings support the distinc-tion between the challenge and threat appraisals of work conflict, highlighting the im-portance of measuring these two types of appraisal separately. This scale is a valid and reliable instrument to measure conflict appraisal in organizations.

43 CFR 404.36 - Will Reclamation reimburse me for the cost of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study that was not completed under § 404.11(a) or (b... Reclamation reimburse me for the cost of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study that was not... appraisal investigations and feasibility studies that are completed under the program pursuant to § 404.11(a...

43 CFR 404.36 - Will Reclamation reimburse me for the cost of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study that was not completed under § 404.11(a) or (b... Reclamation reimburse me for the cost of an appraisal investigation or a feasibility study that was not... appraisal investigations and feasibility studies that are completed under the program pursuant to § 404.11(a...

Medial prefrontal functional connectivity--relation to memory self-appraisal accuracy in older adults with and without memory disorders.

PubMed

Ries, Michele L; McLaren, Donald G; Bendlin, Barbara B; Guofanxu; Rowley, Howard A; Birn, Rasmus; Kastman, Erik K; Sager, Mark A; Asthana, Sanjay; Johnson, Sterling C

2012-04-01

It is tentatively estimated that 25% of people with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impaired awareness of disease-related changes in their own cognition. Research examining both normative self-awareness and altered awareness resulting from brain disease or injury points to the central role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in generating accurate self-appraisals. The current project builds on this work - examining changes in MPFC functional connectivity that correspond to impaired self-appraisal accuracy early in the AD time course. Our behavioral focus was self-appraisal accuracy for everyday memory function, and this was measured using the Memory Function Scale of the Memory Awareness Rating Scale - an instrument psychometrically validated for this purpose. Using regression analysis of data from people with healthy memory (n=12) and people with impaired memory due to amnestic mild cognitive impairment or early AD (n=12), we tested the hypothesis that altered MPFC functional connectivity - particularly with other cortical midline structures and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - explains variation in memory self-appraisal accuracy. We spatially constrained (i.e., explicitly masked) our regression analyses to those regions that work in conjunction with the MPFC to evoke self-appraisals in a normative group. This empirically derived explicit mask was generated from the result of a psychophysiological interaction analysis of fMRI self-appraisal task data in a separate, large group of cognitively healthy individuals. Results of our primary analysis (i.e., the regression of memory self-appraisal accuracy on MPFC functional connectivity) were generally consistent with our hypothesis: people who were less accurate in making memory self-appraisals showed attenuated functional connectivity between the MPFC seed region and proximal areas within the MPFC (including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate, and left posterior hippocampus. Contrary to our expectations, MPFC functional connectivity with the posterior cingulate was not significantly related to accuracy of memory self-appraisals. Results reported here corroborate findings of variable memory self-appraisal accuracy during the earliest emergence of AD symptoms and reveal alterations in MPFC functional connectivity that correspond to impaired memory self-appraisal. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Appraisals Generate Specific Configurations of Facial Muscle Movements in a Gambling Task: Evidence for the Component Process Model of Emotion.

PubMed

Gentsch, Kornelia; Grandjean, Didier; Scherer, Klaus R

2015-01-01

Scherer's Component Process Model provides a theoretical framework for research on the production mechanism of emotion and facial emotional expression. The model predicts that appraisal results drive facial expressions, which unfold sequentially and cumulatively over time. In two experiments, we examined facial muscle activity changes (via facial electromyography recordings over the corrugator, cheek, and frontalis regions) in response to events in a gambling task. These events were experimentally manipulated feedback stimuli which presented simultaneous information directly affecting goal conduciveness (gambling outcome: win, loss, or break-even) and power appraisals (Experiment 1 and 2), as well as control appraisal (Experiment 2). We repeatedly found main effects of goal conduciveness (starting ~600 ms), and power appraisals (starting ~800 ms after feedback onset). Control appraisal main effects were inconclusive. Interaction effects of goal conduciveness and power appraisals were obtained in both experiments (Experiment 1: over the corrugator and cheek regions; Experiment 2: over the frontalis region) suggesting amplified goal conduciveness effects when power was high in contrast to invariant goal conduciveness effects when power was low. Also an interaction of goal conduciveness and control appraisals was found over the cheek region, showing differential goal conduciveness effects when control was high and invariant effects when control was low. These interaction effects suggest that the appraisal of having sufficient control or power affects facial responses towards gambling outcomes. The result pattern suggests that corrugator and frontalis regions are primarily related to cognitive operations that process motivational pertinence, whereas the cheek region would be more influenced by coping implications. Our results provide first evidence demonstrating that cognitive-evaluative mechanisms related to goal conduciveness, control, and power appraisals affect facial expressions dynamically over time, immediately after an event is perceived. In addition, our results provide further indications for the chronography of appraisal-driven facial movements and the underlying cognitive processes.

Appraisals Generate Specific Configurations of Facial Muscle Movements in a Gambling Task: Evidence for the Component Process Model of Emotion

PubMed Central

Gentsch, Kornelia; Grandjean, Didier; Scherer, Klaus R.

2015-01-01

Scherer’s Component Process Model provides a theoretical framework for research on the production mechanism of emotion and facial emotional expression. The model predicts that appraisal results drive facial expressions, which unfold sequentially and cumulatively over time. In two experiments, we examined facial muscle activity changes (via facial electromyography recordings over the corrugator, cheek, and frontalis regions) in response to events in a gambling task. These events were experimentally manipulated feedback stimuli which presented simultaneous information directly affecting goal conduciveness (gambling outcome: win, loss, or break-even) and power appraisals (Experiment 1 and 2), as well as control appraisal (Experiment 2). We repeatedly found main effects of goal conduciveness (starting ~600 ms), and power appraisals (starting ~800 ms after feedback onset). Control appraisal main effects were inconclusive. Interaction effects of goal conduciveness and power appraisals were obtained in both experiments (Experiment 1: over the corrugator and cheek regions; Experiment 2: over the frontalis region) suggesting amplified goal conduciveness effects when power was high in contrast to invariant goal conduciveness effects when power was low. Also an interaction of goal conduciveness and control appraisals was found over the cheek region, showing differential goal conduciveness effects when control was high and invariant effects when control was low. These interaction effects suggest that the appraisal of having sufficient control or power affects facial responses towards gambling outcomes. The result pattern suggests that corrugator and frontalis regions are primarily related to cognitive operations that process motivational pertinence, whereas the cheek region would be more influenced by coping implications. Our results provide first evidence demonstrating that cognitive-evaluative mechanisms related to goal conduciveness, control, and power appraisals affect facial expressions dynamically over time, immediately after an event is perceived. In addition, our results provide further indications for the chronography of appraisal-driven facial movements and the underlying cognitive processes. PMID:26295338

Emotional and Utilitarian Appraisals of Moral Dilemmas Are Encoded in Separate Areas and Integrated in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

PubMed Central

Montaser-Kouhsari, Leila; Woodward, James; Rangel, Antonio

2015-01-01

Moral judgment often requires making difficult tradeoffs (e.g., is it appropriate to torture to save the lives of innocents at risk?). Previous research suggests that both emotional appraisals and more deliberative utilitarian appraisals influence such judgments and that these appraisals often conflict. However, it is unclear how these different types of appraisals are represented in the brain, or how they are integrated into an overall moral judgment. We addressed these questions using an fMRI paradigm in which human subjects provide separate emotional and utilitarian appraisals for different potential actions, and then make difficult moral judgments constructed from combinations of these actions. We found that anterior cingulate, insula, and superior temporal gyrus correlated with emotional appraisals, whereas temporoparietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex correlated with utilitarian appraisals. Overall moral value judgments were represented in an anterior portion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Critically, the pattern of responses and functional interactions between these three sets of regions are consistent with a model in which emotional and utilitarian appraisals are computed independently and in parallel, and passed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex where they are integrated into an overall moral value judgment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Popular accounts of moral judgment often describe it as a battle for control between two systems, one intuitive and emotional, the other rational and utilitarian, engaged in winner-take-all inhibitory competition. Using a novel fMRI paradigm, we identified distinct neural signatures of emotional and utilitarian appraisals and used them to test different models of how they compete for the control of moral behavior. Importantly, we find little support for competitive inhibition accounts. Instead, moral judgments resembled the architecture of simple economic choices: distinct regions represented emotional and utilitarian appraisals independently and passed this information to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for integration into an overall moral value signal. PMID:26354924

Paper trials: a qualitative study exploring the place of portfolios in making revalidation recommendations for Responsible Officers.

PubMed

Furmedge, Daniel S; Griffin, Ann; O'Keeffe, Catherine; Verma, Anju; Smith, Laura-Jane; Gill, Deborah

2016-02-17

A portfolio of supporting information (SI) reflecting a doctor's entire medical practice is now a central aspect of UK appraisal for revalidation. Medical revalidation, introduced in 2012, is an assessment of a doctor's competence and passing results in a five yearly license to practice medicine. It assesses of a doctor's professional development, workplace performance and reflection and aims to provide assurance that doctors are up-to-date and fit to practice. The dominant assessment mechanism is a portfolio. The content of the revalidation portfolio has been increasingly prescribed and the assessment of the SI is a fundamental aspect of the appraisal process which ultimately allows Responsible Officers (ROs) to make recommendations on revalidation. ROs, themselves doctors, were the first to undergo UK revalidation. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of ROs and their appraisers about the use of this portfolio of evidence in a summative revalidation appraisal. 28 purposefully sampled London ROs were interviewed following their revalidation appraisal and 17 of their appraisers participated in focus groups and interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify commonalities and differences of experience. SI was mostly easy to provide but there were challenges in gathering certain aspects. ROs did not understand in what quantities they should supply SI or what it should look like. Appraisers were concerned about making robust judgements based on the evidence supplied. A lack of reflection from the process of collating SI and preparing for appraisal was noted and learning came more from the appraisal interview itself. More explicit guidance must be available to both appraisee and appraiser about what SI is required, how much, how it should be used and, how it will be assessed. The role of SI in professional learning and revalidation must be clarified and further empirical research is required to examine how best to use this evidence to make judgments as part of this type of appraisal.

Emotional and Utilitarian Appraisals of Moral Dilemmas Are Encoded in Separate Areas and Integrated in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex.

PubMed

Hutcherson, Cendri A; Montaser-Kouhsari, Leila; Woodward, James; Rangel, Antonio

2015-09-09

Moral judgment often requires making difficult tradeoffs (e.g., is it appropriate to torture to save the lives of innocents at risk?). Previous research suggests that both emotional appraisals and more deliberative utilitarian appraisals influence such judgments and that these appraisals often conflict. However, it is unclear how these different types of appraisals are represented in the brain, or how they are integrated into an overall moral judgment. We addressed these questions using an fMRI paradigm in which human subjects provide separate emotional and utilitarian appraisals for different potential actions, and then make difficult moral judgments constructed from combinations of these actions. We found that anterior cingulate, insula, and superior temporal gyrus correlated with emotional appraisals, whereas temporoparietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex correlated with utilitarian appraisals. Overall moral value judgments were represented in an anterior portion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Critically, the pattern of responses and functional interactions between these three sets of regions are consistent with a model in which emotional and utilitarian appraisals are computed independently and in parallel, and passed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex where they are integrated into an overall moral value judgment. Significance statement: Popular accounts of moral judgment often describe it as a battle for control between two systems, one intuitive and emotional, the other rational and utilitarian, engaged in winner-take-all inhibitory competition. Using a novel fMRI paradigm, we identified distinct neural signatures of emotional and utilitarian appraisals and used them to test different models of how they compete for the control of moral behavior. Importantly, we find little support for competitive inhibition accounts. Instead, moral judgments resembled the architecture of simple economic choices: distinct regions represented emotional and utilitarian appraisals independently and passed this information to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for integration into an overall moral value signal. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/3512593-14$15.00/0.

Testing the reliability and efficiency of the pilot Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for systematic mixed studies review.

PubMed

Pace, Romina; Pluye, Pierre; Bartlett, Gillian; Macaulay, Ann C; Salsberg, Jon; Jagosh, Justin; Seller, Robbyn

2012-01-01

Systematic literature reviews identify, select, appraise, and synthesize relevant literature on a particular topic. Typically, these reviews examine primary studies based on similar methods, e.g., experimental trials. In contrast, interest in a new form of review, known as mixed studies review (MSR), which includes qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies, is growing. In MSRs, reviewers appraise studies that use different methods allowing them to obtain in-depth answers to complex research questions. However, appraising the quality of studies with different methods remains challenging. To facilitate systematic MSRs, a pilot Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) has been developed at McGill University (a checklist and a tutorial), which can be used to concurrently appraise the methodological quality of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. The purpose of the present study is to test the reliability and efficiency of a pilot version of the MMAT. The Center for Participatory Research at McGill conducted a systematic MSR on the benefits of Participatory Research (PR). Thirty-two PR evaluation studies were appraised by two independent reviewers using the pilot MMAT. Among these, 11 (34%) involved nurses as researchers or research partners. Appraisal time was measured to assess efficiency. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by calculating a kappa statistic based on dichotomized responses for each criterion. An appraisal score was determined for each study, which allowed the calculation of an overall intra-class correlation. On average, it took 14 min to appraise a study (excluding the initial reading of articles). Agreement between reviewers was moderate to perfect with regards to MMAT criteria, and substantial with respect to the overall quality score of appraised studies. The MMAT is unique, thus the reliability of the pilot MMAT is promising, and encourages further development. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Insights into Flood-Coping Appraisals of Protection Motivation Theory: Empirical Evidence from Germany and France.

PubMed

Bubeck, Philip; Wouter Botzen, W J; Laudan, Jonas; Aerts, Jeroen C J H; Thieken, Annegret H

2017-11-17

Protection motivation theory (PMT) has become a popular theory to explain the risk-reducing behavior of residents against natural hazards. PMT captures the two main cognitive processes that individuals undergo when faced with a threat, namely, threat appraisal and coping appraisal. The latter describes the evaluation of possible response measures that may reduce or avert the perceived threat. Although the coping appraisal component of PMT was found to be a better predictor of protective intentions and behavior, little is known about the factors that influence individuals' coping appraisals of natural hazards. More insight into flood-coping appraisals of PMT, therefore, are needed to better understand the decision-making process of individuals and to develop effective risk communication strategies. This study presents the results of two surveys among more than 1,600 flood-prone households in Germany and France. Five hypotheses were tested using multivariate statistics regarding factors related to flood-coping appraisals, which were derived from the PMT framework, related literature, and the literature on social vulnerability. We found that socioeconomic characteristics alone are not sufficient to explain flood-coping appraisals. Particularly, observational learning from the social environment, such as friends and neighbors, is positively related to flood-coping appraisals. This suggests that social norms and networks play an important role in flood-preparedness decisions. Providing risk and coping information can also have a positive effect. Given the strong positive influence of the social environment on flood-coping appraisals, future research should investigate how risk communication can be enhanced by making use of the observed social norms and network effects. © 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.

24 CFR 200.35 - Appraisal standards-nondiscrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the selection of appraiser. In the selection of an appraiser, there shall be no discrimination on the... Practice must include a statement that the racial/ethnic composition of the neighborhood surrounding the...

24 CFR 200.35 - Appraisal standards-nondiscrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the selection of appraiser. In the selection of an appraiser, there shall be no discrimination on the... Practice must include a statement that the racial/ethnic composition of the neighborhood surrounding the...

24 CFR 200.35 - Appraisal standards-nondiscrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the selection of appraiser. In the selection of an appraiser, there shall be no discrimination on the... Practice must include a statement that the racial/ethnic composition of the neighborhood surrounding the...

Precompetitive achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping among athletes.

PubMed

Nicholls, Adam R; Perry, John L; Calmeiro, Luis

2014-10-01

Grounded in Lazarus's (1991, 1999, 2000) cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions, we tested a model of achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping. We predicted that precompetitive achievement goals would be associated with appraisals, appraisals with emotions, and emotions with coping in our model. The mediating effects of emotions among the overall sample of 827 athletes and two stratified random subsamples were also explored. The results of this study support our proposed model in the overall sample and the stratified subsamples. Further, emotion mediated the relationship between appraisal and coping. Mediation analyses revealed that there were indirect effects of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, which indicates the importance of examining multiple emotions to reveal a more accurate representation of the overall stress process. Our findings indicate that both appraisals and emotions are just as important in shaping coping.

The McDonaldization of appraisal? Doctors' views of the early impacts of medical revalidation in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Archer, Julian; Nunn, Suzanne; Regan de Bere, Sam

2017-09-01

Medical regulation is rapidly changing with claims that systems such as revalidation/relicensing will reassure the public. Yet the impact of such initiatives is unknown. Using the principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control through technology, identified by Ritzer, and exampled by the McDonalds business model, we analyzed interviews with doctors between May 2012-Dec 2013 which focused on doctor experiences of appraisal and revalidation in SW England. The research found significant changes in appraisals since the launch of revalidation in December 2012. Appraisal has been standardized with a list of supporting information that must be collected by doctors. The success of implementation is measured in the numbers of appraisals completed but less is known about the quality of the appraisal itself. Such efficiencies have been supported by IT systems that themselves might be at risk of driving the process. There are potential advantages to McDonaldization including appraisals available to all, not just for doctors working in the NHS, and a potentially more appetizing recipe for their completion. As yet a state of McAppraisal has not been reached; with a complete transfer of trust in the doctor to trust in the appraisal process within revalidation. However policymakers will need to continue to ensure that regulatory initiatives, such as revalidation, are not just a process for their own sake. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The biopsychosocial model of stress in adolescence: self-awareness of performance versus stress reactivity

PubMed Central

Rith-Najarian, Leslie R.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Sheridan, Margaret A.; Nock, Matthew K.

2014-01-01

Extensive research among adults supports the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat, which describes relationships among stress appraisals, physiological stress reactivity, and performance; however, no previous studies have examined these relationships in adolescents. Perceptions of stressors as well as physiological reactivity to stress increase during adolescence, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationships among stress appraisals, physiological reactivity, and performance during this developmental period. In this study, 79 adolescent participants reported on stress appraisals before and after a Trier Social Stress Test in which they performed a speech task. Physiological stress reactivity was defined by changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance from a baseline rest period to the speech task, and performance on the speech was coded using an objective rating system. We observed in adolescents only two relationships found in past adult research on the BPS model variables: (1) pre-task stress appraisal predicted post-task stress appraisal and (2) performance predicted post-task stress appraisal. Physiological reactivity during the speech was unrelated to pre- and post-task stress appraisals and to performance. We conclude that the lack of association between post-task stress appraisal and physiological stress reactivity suggests that adolescents might have low self-awareness of physiological emotional arousal. Our findings further suggest that adolescent stress appraisals are based largely on their performance during stressful situations. Developmental implications of this potential lack of awareness of one’s physiological and emotional state during adolescence are discussed. PMID:24491123

The biopsychosocial model of stress in adolescence: self-awareness of performance versus stress reactivity.

PubMed

Rith-Najarian, Leslie R; McLaughlin, Katie A; Sheridan, Margaret A; Nock, Matthew K

2014-03-01

Extensive research among adults supports the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat, which describes relationships among stress appraisals, physiological stress reactivity, and performance; however, no previous studies have examined these relationships in adolescents. Perceptions of stressors as well as physiological reactivity to stress increase during adolescence, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationships among stress appraisals, physiological reactivity, and performance during this developmental period. In this study, 79 adolescent participants reported on stress appraisals before and after a Trier Social Stress Test in which they performed a speech task. Physiological stress reactivity was defined by changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance from a baseline rest period to the speech task, and performance on the speech was coded using an objective rating system. We observed in adolescents only two relationships found in past adult research on the BPS model variables: (1) pre-task stress appraisal predicted post-task stress appraisal and (2) performance predicted post-task stress appraisal. Physiological reactivity during the speech was unrelated to pre- and post-task stress appraisals and to performance. We conclude that the lack of association between post-task stress appraisal and physiological stress reactivity suggests that adolescents might have low self-awareness of physiological emotional arousal. Our findings further suggest that adolescent stress appraisals are based largely on their performance during stressful situations. Developmental implications of this potential lack of awareness of one's physiological and emotional state during adolescence are discussed.

Social appraisal influences recognition of emotions.

PubMed

Mumenthaler, Christian; Sander, David

2012-06-01

The notion of social appraisal emphasizes the importance of a social dimension in appraisal theories of emotion by proposing that the way an individual appraises an event is influenced by the way other individuals appraise and feel about the same event. This study directly tested this proposal by asking participants to recognize dynamic facial expressions of emotion (fear, happiness, or anger in Experiment 1; fear, happiness, anger, or neutral in Experiment 2) in a target face presented at the center of a screen while a contextual face, which appeared simultaneously in the periphery of the screen, expressed an emotion (fear, happiness, anger) or not (neutral) and either looked at the target face or not. We manipulated gaze direction to be able to distinguish between a mere contextual effect (gaze away from both the target face and the participant) and a specific social appraisal effect (gaze toward the target face). Results of both experiments provided evidence for a social appraisal effect in emotion recognition, which differed from the mere effect of contextual information: Whereas facial expressions were identical in both conditions, the direction of the gaze of the contextual face influenced emotion recognition. Social appraisal facilitated the recognition of anger, happiness, and fear when the contextual face expressed the same emotion. This facilitation was stronger than the mere contextual effect. Social appraisal also allowed better recognition of fear when the contextual face expressed anger and better recognition of anger when the contextual face expressed fear. 2012 APA, all rights reserved

A Stress-Coping Model of Mental Illness Stigma: I. Predictors of Cognitive Stress Appraisal

PubMed Central

Rüsch, Nicolas; Corrigan, Patrick W.; Wassel, Abigail; Michaels, Patrick; Olschewski, Manfred; Wilkniss, Sandra; Batia, Karen

2009-01-01

Stigma can be a major stressor for individuals with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. It is unclear, however, why some stigmatized individuals appraise stigma as more stressful, while others feel they can cope with the potential harm posed by public prejudice. We tested the hypothesis that the level of perceived public stigma and personal factors such as rejection sensitivity, perceived legitimacy of discrimination and ingroup perceptions (group value; group identification; entitativity, or the perception of the ingroup of people with mental illness as a coherent unit) predict the cognitive appraisal of stigma as a stressor. Stigma stress appraisal refers to perceived stigma-related harm exceeding perceived coping resources. Stress appraisal, stress predictors and social cue recognition were assessed in 85 people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or affective disorders. Stress appraisal did not differ between diagnostic subgroups, but was positively correlated with rejection sensitivity. Higher levels of perceived societal stigma and holding the group of people with mental illness in low regard (low group value) independently predicted high stigma stress appraisal. These predictors remained significant after controlling for social cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and diagnosis. Our findings support the model that public and personal factors predict stigma stress appraisal among people with mental illness, independent of diagnosis and clinical symptoms. Interventions that aim to reduce the impact of stigma on people with mental illness could focus on variables such as rejection sensitivity, a personal vulnerability factor, low group value and the cognitive appraisal of stigma as a stressor. PMID:19269140

Forgiveness and the appraisal-coping process in response to relationship conflicts: implications for depressive symptoms.

PubMed

Ysseldyk, Renate; Matheson, Kimberly; Anisman, Hymie

2009-03-01

The present investigation assessed the mediating role of appraisal-coping processes in the relation between forgiveness and depressive symptoms associated with intimate relationship conflicts. Study 1 assessed the role of forgiveness in the context of a severe relationship stressor, namely women experiencing dating abuse, along with the appraisal-coping responses and depressive symptoms associated with such a stressor. Study 2 evaluated the function served by forgiveness among men and women in response to non-abusive relationship stressors, including the dissolution of the relationship, and also assessed the relations among forgiveness, appraisal-coping processes, and depressive symptoms. Women who encountered dating abuse were less likely to forgive their partners, and this was linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms. The relation between forgiveness and lower depressive symptoms was partially mediated by lower threat appraisals, secondary appraisals of the effectiveness of emotion-focused coping, and the reduced endorsements of this coping strategy (Study 1). Appraisal-coping processes similarly mediated the relation between forgiveness and depressive symptoms among men and women reporting conflict in an ongoing (non-abusive) relationship or a relationship break-up (Study 2). It is suggested that the relation between forgiveness and diminished distress operates primarily by guiding individuals' appraisals of the conflict and by diminishing the reliance on emotion-focused coping.

Emotion appraisal dimensions inferred from vocal expressions are consistent across cultures: a comparison between Australia and India.

PubMed

Nordström, Henrik; Laukka, Petri; Thingujam, Nutankumar S; Schubert, Emery; Elfenbein, Hillary Anger

2017-11-01

This study explored the perception of emotion appraisal dimensions on the basis of speech prosody in a cross-cultural setting. Professional actors from Australia and India vocally portrayed different emotions (anger, fear, happiness, pride, relief, sadness, serenity and shame) by enacting emotion-eliciting situations. In a balanced design, participants from Australia and India then inferred aspects of the emotion-eliciting situation from the vocal expressions, described in terms of appraisal dimensions (novelty, intrinsic pleasantness, goal conduciveness, urgency, power and norm compatibility). Bayesian analyses showed that the perceived appraisal profiles for the vocally expressed emotions were generally consistent with predictions based on appraisal theories. Few group differences emerged, which suggests that the perceived appraisal profiles are largely universal. However, some differences between Australian and Indian participants were also evident, mainly for ratings of norm compatibility. The appraisal ratings were further correlated with a variety of acoustic measures in exploratory analyses, and inspection of the acoustic profiles suggested similarity across groups. In summary, results showed that listeners may infer several aspects of emotion-eliciting situations from the non-verbal aspects of a speaker's voice. These appraisal inferences also seem to be relatively independent of the cultural background of the listener and the speaker.

Emotion appraisal dimensions inferred from vocal expressions are consistent across cultures: a comparison between Australia and India

PubMed Central

Thingujam, Nutankumar S.; Schubert, Emery

2017-01-01

This study explored the perception of emotion appraisal dimensions on the basis of speech prosody in a cross-cultural setting. Professional actors from Australia and India vocally portrayed different emotions (anger, fear, happiness, pride, relief, sadness, serenity and shame) by enacting emotion-eliciting situations. In a balanced design, participants from Australia and India then inferred aspects of the emotion-eliciting situation from the vocal expressions, described in terms of appraisal dimensions (novelty, intrinsic pleasantness, goal conduciveness, urgency, power and norm compatibility). Bayesian analyses showed that the perceived appraisal profiles for the vocally expressed emotions were generally consistent with predictions based on appraisal theories. Few group differences emerged, which suggests that the perceived appraisal profiles are largely universal. However, some differences between Australian and Indian participants were also evident, mainly for ratings of norm compatibility. The appraisal ratings were further correlated with a variety of acoustic measures in exploratory analyses, and inspection of the acoustic profiles suggested similarity across groups. In summary, results showed that listeners may infer several aspects of emotion-eliciting situations from the non-verbal aspects of a speaker's voice. These appraisal inferences also seem to be relatively independent of the cultural background of the listener and the speaker. PMID:29291085

Elevated Appraisals of the Negative Impact of Naturally Occurring Life Events: A Risk Factor for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

PubMed Central

Espejo, Emmanuel P.; Hammen, Constance; Brennan, Patricia A.

2012-01-01

The tendency to appraise naturally occurring life events (LEs) as having high negative impact may be a predisposing factor for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In the current study, appraisals of the negative impact of recent LEs were examined in relationship to depressive and anxiety disorders in a sample of 653 adolescents who were administered diagnostic and life stress interviews at ages 15 and 20. Participants’ appraisals of the negative impact of LEs reported at age 15 were statistically adjusted using investigator-based ratings to control for objective differences across LEs. Higher appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were associated with both past and current depressive and anxiety disorders at age 15 and predicted subsequent first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders occurring between ages 15 and 20. In addition, appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were particularly elevated among those experiencing both a depressive and anxiety disorder over the course of the study. The findings suggest that systematically elevated appraisals of the negative impact of LEs is a predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders and may represent a specific risk factor for co-morbid depression and anxiety in mid-adolescence and early adulthood. Keywords: depression; anxiety; stress appraisals; prospective study; PMID:21845380

Financial Strain, Trajectories of Marital Processes, and African American Newlyweds' Marital Instability

PubMed Central

Barton, Allen W.; Bryant, Chalandra M.

2016-01-01

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among financial strain, trajectories of marital processes, and increases in marital instability concerns among a sample of 280 African American newlywed couples followed over the first three years of marriage. Results from dyadic structural equation modeling revealed that financial strain experienced during the early years of marriage was associated with increased marital instability concerns for both husbands and wives. Latent growth curves of marital processes revealed mean declines in appraisals of spousal warmth and increases in appraisals of spousal hostility, with variability between individuals in rates of decline in warmth; further, wives' appraisals of spousal warmth covaried with levels of financial strain, such that high levels of financial strain were associated with steeper declines in spousal warmth appraisals. For both husbands and wives, rates of change in spousal warmth appraisals had a greater influence on increases in marital instability concerns than either starting levels of spousal warmth appraisals or financial strain. Findings highlight the long-term associations between external stress and trajectories of marital appraisals as well as their relative effects on marital distress. PMID:26998640

The effects of familiarity and complexity on appraisal of complex songs by cochlear implant recipients and normal hearing adults.

PubMed

Gfeller, Kate; Christ, Aaron; Knutson, John; Witt, Shelley; Mehr, Maureen

2003-01-01

The purposes of this study were (a) to develop a test of complex song appraisal that would be suitable for use with adults who use a cochlear implant (assistive hearing device) and (b) to compare the appraisal ratings (liking) of complex songs by adults who use cochlear implants (n = 66) with a comparison group of adults with normal hearing (n = 36). The article describes the development of a computerized test for appraisal, with emphasis on its theoretical basis and the process for item selection of naturalistic stimuli. The appraisal test was administered to the 2 groups to determine the effects of prior song familiarity and subjective complexity on complex song appraisal. Comparison of the 2 groups indicates that the implant users rate 2 of 3 musical genres (country western, pop) as significantly more complex than do normal hearing adults, and give significantly less positive ratings to classical music than do normal hearing adults. Appraisal responses of implant recipients were examined in relation to hearing history, age, performance on speech perception and cognitive tests, and musical background.

Prospective, controlled assessment of the impact of formal evidence-based medicine teaching workshop on ability to appraise the medical literature.

PubMed

Harewood, G C; Hendrick, L M

2010-03-01

The ability to critically appraise the calibre of studies in medical literature is increasingly important for medical professionals. This prospective controlled study evaluated the impact of a 6-h Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Workshop on the critical appraisal skills of medical trainees. Individuals attended three 2-h workshops over a 3-week period, incorporating didactic lectures in statistics, clinical trial design, appraising research papers and practical examples. Appraisal skills were assessed pre- and post-training based on grading the quality of randomised control studies (level 1 evidence), cohort studies (level 2 evidence) and case-control studies (level 3 evidence) [From Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (2001), http://www.cebm.net/critical_appraisal.asp ]. Overall grading improved from 39% (pre-course) to 74% (post-course), P = 0.002, with grading of levels 1, 2 and 3 studies improving from 42 to 75%, 53 to 61% and 21 to 84%, respectively. We conclude that a 6-h formal EBM workshop is effective in enhancing the critical appraisal skills of medical trainees.

Why employees with higher challenging appraisals style are more affectively engaged at work? The role of challenging stressors: a moderated mediation model.

PubMed

Lin, Shin-Huei; Wu, Chia-Huei; Chen, Mei-Yen; Chen, Lung Hung

2014-10-01

Challenging stressors have been positively linked to various work outcomes. However, the role of individual differences in stress appraisal in shaping the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes has been rarely discussed. Drawing on the individual differences perspective, the authors propose that employees higher in challenge appraisal are more likely to have challenging stressors and are more responsive to such stressors to have a higher positive affect at work. Results obtained from 117 employees supported the hypotheses. The results indicated that challenge appraisal is positively related to challenging stressors. In addition, challenging stressors has a positive association with positive affect at work when challenge appraisal is high but has a null association when challenge appraisal is low. The findings suggest that challenging stressors does not necessarily bring positive work outcomes as suggested in past studies and highlight the importance of considering dispositional tendency in stress appraisal when looking into the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes. © 2014 International Union of Psychological Science.

Healthcare librarians and the delivery of critical appraisal training: attitudes, level of involvement and support.

PubMed

Maden-Jenkins, Michelle

2010-12-01

Although healthcare librarians are undertaking training in critical appraisal skills, what is not so clear is the impact of the training on the understanding and dissemination of these skills. This study aims to examine the attitudes of healthcare librarians towards delivering critical appraisal training and their level of involvement. A questionnaire survey of 57 library services across 48 NHS Trust Library Services in north-west England followed up with 21 semi-structured interviews. Seventy-three per cent of respondents felt that they ought to be involved in delivering critical appraisal training, however less than a third (29%) are actually involved. Librarians are involved in critical appraisal facilitation at various levels. Debate continues over the extent of librarian involvement in delivering critical appraisal training. As long as healthcare librarians recognise their own capabilities and identify the boundaries within which they feel comfortable then there is no reason why they should not be involved in delivering critical appraisal training. © 2010 The authors. Health Information and Libraries Journal © 2010 Health Libraries Group.

5 CFR 1330.405 - Procedures for certifying agency appraisal systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... individual and organizational performance, as appropriate; (3) Documentation showing that the appraisal... REGULATIONS WITH THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Performance Appraisal...) Organizational and employee coverage information; (ii) Applicable administrative instructions and implementing...

Self-Esteem Discrepancies and Depression.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schafer, Robert B.; Keith, Patricia M.

1981-01-01

Examined the relationship between self-esteem discrepancies and depression in a long-term intimate relationship. Findings supported the hypothesis that depression is associated with discrepancies between married partners' self-appraisals, perceptions of spouse's appraisal, and spouse's actual appraisal. (Author/DB)

77 FR 5249 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-01] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as [[Page 5250

76 FR 42126 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-20] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as [[Page 42127

5 CFR 1330.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal system means the policies, practices, and procedures an agency... authority, for planning, monitoring, developing, evaluating, and rewarding employee performance. This includes appraisal systems and appraisal programs as defined at § 430.203 and performance management...

The appraisal of clinical guidelines in dentistry.

PubMed

Glenny, Anne-Marie; Worthington, Helen V; Clarkson, Jan E; Esposito, Marco

2009-01-01

To appraise the reported processes involved in the development of published dental guidelines. Electronic databases were searched to identify guidelines making recommendations for any health professional within dentistry. All included guidelines were appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. A total of 105 guidelines met the inclusion criteria. The appraised guidelines showed lack of rigour in their development (median score 14.3%; range 0% to 100%). Only 10 (9.5%) were coded as 'strongly recommend' by at least two assessors. If recommendations within clinical guidelines are to be relied upon, the methods used in their development must be explicit and free from bias. When using the AGREE checklist to make decisions on whether or not to implement individual sets of guidelines, the findings of the present assessment reinforce the need for more than two assessors to be included in the appraisal of each set of guidelines.

Intensity and Duration of Negative Emotions: Comparing the Role of Appraisals and Regulation Strategies

PubMed Central

Brans, Karen; Verduyn, Philippe

2014-01-01

Intensity and duration are two central characteristics of an emotional response. Appraisals and regulation strategies are among the most important determinants of these emotion features. However, as intensity and duration are only moderately correlated, appraisals and regulation strategies may be differently related to these characteristics. A systematic empirical study comparing predictors of emotion intensity and duration is missing. The goal of the present study is to fill this gap. Participants were asked to recall recently experienced episodes of anger, fear, disgust, guilt, sadness, and shame. Subsequently, they were asked to answer a number of questions regarding (a) the intensity and duration of these emotions, (b) their appraisal of the emotion-eliciting event, and (c) their use of a wide range of regulation strategies. Emotion intensity was found to be mainly predicted by appraisals whereas emotion duration was equally well predicted by appraisals and regulation strategies. PMID:24670979

Coping and negative appraisal as mediators between control beliefs and psychological symptoms in children of divorce.

PubMed

Sandler, I N; Kim-Bae, L S; MacKinnon, D

2000-09-01

Examined control beliefs of children of divorce as predictors of their coping, negative appraisals for stressful events, and mental health problems. We tested whether coping and negative appraisal for stressful events mediated the relations between multiple dimensions of control beliefs and mental health problems. Different dimensions of control beliefs were related to different aspects of coping and negative stress appraisal. Internal control beliefs for positive events were related to both active and avoidant coping. Unknown control beliefs for positive events were related to higher active coping and higher negative appraisal. Unknown control beliefs for negative events were related to higher avoidant coping. In addition, evidence for mediation was found such that the effect of unknown control beliefs for positive events on mental health problems was mediated by negative appraisal. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.

Sex differences in outcomes and harasser characteristics associated with frightening sexual harassment appraisals.

PubMed

Settles, Isis H; Buchanan, Nicole T; Yap, Stevie C Y; Harrell, Zaje A T

2014-04-01

This study examined data from U.S. military personnel (1,764 men; 4,540 women) to determine whether appraisals of sexual harassment as frightening mediate the relationship between perpetrator characteristics (perpetrator sex and rank) and three psychological/job outcomes (psychological distress, role limitations, and work satisfaction), and whether these relationships were stronger for women than men. Results indicated that frightening appraisals mediated the relationship between perpetrator rank and all outcomes for both sexes. However, frightening appraisals mediated the relationship between perpetrator sex and outcomes only for women. As predicted, having a male perpetrator or a higher status perpetrator was more strongly related to frightening appraisals for women than men. However, unexpectedly, the relationship between frightening appraisals and more psychological distress, more role limitations, and less work satisfaction was stronger for men than women. We discuss the results in terms of expectancy norm violations and sexual harassment as a form of dominance.

Adolescent Conflict Appraisals Moderate the Link Between Marital Conflict and Physiological Stress Reactivity.

PubMed

Lucas-Thompson, Rachel G; Lunkenheimer, Erika S; Granger, Douglas A

2017-03-01

The goal of this study was to advance understanding of how adolescent conflict appraisals contribute uniquely, and in combination with interparental conflict behavior, to individual differences in adolescent physiological reactivity. Saliva samples were collected from 153 adolescents (52% female; ages 10-17 years) before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Saliva was assayed for cortisol and alpha-amylase. Results revealed interactive effects between marital conflict and conflict appraisals. For youth who appraised parental conflict negatively (particularly as threatening), negative marital conflict predicted dampened reactivity; for youth who appraised parental conflict less negatively, negative marital conflict predicted heightened reactivity. These findings support the notion that the family context and youth appraisals of family relationships are linked with individual differences in biological sensitivity to context. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence © 2016 Society for Research on Adolescence.

God and the search for meaning among hospice caregivers.

PubMed

Mickley, J R; Pargament, K I; Brant, C R; Hipp, K M

1998-01-01

The purposes of this study were (1) to describe both religious and nonreligious appraisals of caregiving for a terminally ill patient and (2) to explore the relationship between these appraisals with situational outcomes, mental health outcomes, and spiritual health outcomes in the caregivers. Ninety-two caregivers completed a questionnaire consisting of religious and nonreligious appraisals, general and religious outcomes, depression, anxiety, and purpose in life. Caregivers who appraised their situation as part of God's plan or as a means of gaining strength or understanding from God reported positive outcomes while caregivers who viewed their situation as unjust, as unfair punishment from God, or as desertion from God had low scores on mental and spiritual health outcomes. Religious appraisals made a significant and unique contribution to the prediction of situational outcomes and mental and spiritual health outcomes above and beyond the effects of nonreligious appraisals.

Affecting others: social appraisal and emotion contagion in everyday decision making.

PubMed

Parkinson, Brian; Simons, Gwenda

2009-08-01

In a diary study of interpersonal affect transfer, 41 participants reported on decisions involving other people over 3 weeks. Reported anxiety and excitement were reliably related to the perceived anxiety and excitement of another person who was present during decision making. Risk and importance appraisals partially mediated effects of other's anxiety on own anxiety as predicted by social appraisal theory. However, other's emotion remained a significant independent predictor of own emotion after controlling for appraisals, supporting the additional impact of more direct forms of affect transfer such as emotion contagion. Significant affect-transfer effects remained even after controlling for participants' perceptions of the other's emotion in addition to all measured appraisals, confirming that affect transfer does not require explicit registration of someone else's feelings. This research provides some of the clearest evidence for the operation of both social appraisal and automatic affect transfer in everyday social life.

Using emotional intelligence to facilitate strengthened appraiser development.

PubMed

Tavabie, Abdol; Koczwara, Anna; Patterson, Fiona

2010-01-01

This paper describes a new approach to developing strengthened medical appraiser skills prior to the introduction of medical revalidation. We describe how we extended previous skills-based models and competency checklists to produce a behavioural model of effective appraiser performance. Development centre (DC) methods were used to produce a one-day workshop to encourage appraisers to reflect on their current level of ability and to identify and address additional required skills through observation, practice and feedback. In describing the DC, we discuss the impact of using the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) to develop appraiser skills and improve self-awareness. This aimed to support appraisers to effectively influence appraisees' continual professional development (CPD) and review appraisee practice through audit, significant events and patient and colleague feedback, with the ultimate aim of improving patient care. Finally, we provide initial evaluation data for our DC approach.

The Type and Impact of Evidence Review Group Exploratory Analyses in the NICE Single Technology Appraisal Process.

PubMed

Carroll, Christopher; Kaltenthaler, Eva; Hill-McManus, Daniel; Scope, Alison; Holmes, Michael; Rice, Stephen; Rose, Micah; Tappenden, Paul; Woolacott, Nerys

2017-06-01

As part of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) single technology appraisal process, independent evidence review groups (ERGs) critically appraise a company's submission relating to a specific technology and indication. To explore the type of additional exploratory analyses conducted by ERGs and their impact on the recommendations made by NICE. The 100 most recently completed single technology appraisals with published guidance were selected for inclusion. A content analysis of relevant documents was undertaken to identify and extract relevant data, and narrative synthesis was used to rationalize and present these data. The types of exploratory analysis conducted in relation to companies' models were fixing errors, addressing violations, addressing matters of judgment, and the provision of a new, ERG-preferred base case. Ninety-three of the 100 ERG reports contained at least one of these analyses. The most frequently reported type of analysis in these 93 ERG reports related to the category "Matters of judgment," which was reported in 83 reports (89%). At least one of the exploratory analyses conducted and reported by an ERG is mentioned in 97% of NICE appraisal consultation documents and 94% of NICE final appraisal determinations, and had a clear influence on recommendations in 72% of appraisal consultation documents and 47% of final appraisal determinations. These results suggest that the additional analyses undertaken by ERGs in the appraisal of company submissions are highly influential in the policy-making and decision-making process. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Property Values as a Measure of Neighborhoods: An Application of Hedonic Price Theory.

PubMed

Leonard, Tammy; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M; Ayers, Colby; Murdoch, James C; Yin, Wenyuan; Pruitt, Sandi L

2016-07-01

Researchers measuring relationships between neighborhoods and health have begun using property appraisal data as a source of information about neighborhoods. Economists have developed a rich tool kit to understand how neighborhood characteristics are quantified in appraisal values. This tool kit principally relies on hedonic (implicit) price models and has much to offer regarding the interpretation and operationalization of property appraisal data-derived neighborhood measures, which goes beyond the use of appraisal data as a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status. We develop a theoretically informed hedonic-based neighborhood measure using residuals of a hedonic price regression applied to appraisal data in a single metropolitan area. We describe its characteristics, reliability in different types of neighborhoods, and correlation with other neighborhood measures (i.e., raw neighborhood appraisal values, census block group poverty, and observed property characteristics). We examine the association between all neighborhood measures and body mass index. The hedonic-based neighborhood measure was correlated in the expected direction with block group poverty rate and observed property characteristics. The neighborhood measure and average raw neighborhood appraisal value, but not census block group poverty, were associated with individual body mass index. We draw theoretically consistent methodology from the economics literature on hedonic price models to demonstrate how to leverage the implicit valuation of neighborhoods contained in publicly available appraisal data. Consistent measurement and application of the hedonic-based neighborhood measures in epidemiology will improve understanding of the relationships between neighborhoods and health. Researchers should proceed with a careful use of appraisal values utilizing theoretically informed methods such as this one.

Cultural and social influences of negative illness appraisals in first-episode psychosis.

PubMed

Upthegrove, Rachel; Atulomah, Onyekachi; Brunet, Kat; Chawla, Rajan

2013-11-01

In the UK, there has been growing concern about the incidence and prognosis of psychosis in minority ethnic groups for a number of years. Negative self-appraisals after first-episode psychosis (FEP) are associated with post-psychotic depression, poor functioning and suicidality. In carers, appraisals of loss and decreased control are linked with high expressed emotion and relapse; however, as yet there has been no investigation as to how ethnicity and culture relate to these negative appraisals in FEP. The study aims to investigate the occurrence of negative illness appraisals, for example, loss and shame, in FEP within different ethnic and social-cultural groups. In addition, it aims to explore influence of insight, recovery style and carers' appraisals in the development of negative appraisals. There were 67 patients and 46 carers who completed reliable and valid measures on beliefs about illness, insight and recovery style. Data on ethnicity and deprivation were also collected. Black patients experienced significantly less loss, lack of control and entrapment than White, Asian and mixed ethnicity patients, yet these were not explained by lower levels of insight or recovery style. Patient's and carer's appraisals were highly correlated. Black patients, in spite of higher incidence and poorer outcome in FEP, experienced less loss and shame. Possible explanations, including a protective aspect of alternative health belief models, are explored. This area provides much scope for further investigation. Strong relationships between patient and carer appraisals indicate that family interventions are essential to improved clinical outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Resilience to health challenges is related to different ways of thinking: mediators of physical and emotional quality of life in a heterogeneous rare-disease cohort.

PubMed

Schwartz, Carolyn E; Michael, Wesley; Rapkin, Bruce D

2017-11-01

We sought to understand what distinguishes people who confront health challenges but still manage to thrive. This study investigated whether resilience helps to explain the impact of health challenges on quality of life (QOL) outcomes, and how resilience relates to appraisal. A web-based survey of rare-disease panel participants included the Centers for Disease Control Healthy Days Core Module, the PROMIS-10, and comorbidities. The QOL Appraisal Profile-v2 assessed cognitive processes underlying QOL. Resilience was operationalized statistically using residual modeling, and hierarchical regressions tested the mediation hypothesis that resilience accounts for a significant amount of the relationship of appraisal to QOL. The study sample (n = 3,324; mean age 50; 86% female; 90% White) represented a range of diagnostic codes, with cancer and diseases of the nervous system being the most prevalent health conditions. After adjusting for comorbidities (catalysts), resilience was associated with better physical and emotional functioning, and different appraisal processes were associated with better or worse physical or emotional functioning. After controlling for catalysts, 62% of the association of Physical Functioning and 23% of the association between Emotional Functioning and appraisal were mediated by resilience. Physical and emotional resilience comprised some of the same appraisal processes, but physically resilient people were characterized by more appraisal processes than their emotionally resilient counterparts. Resilient people employ different appraisal processes than non-resilient people, and these processes differ for physical and emotional outcomes. Resilience was a stronger mediator of the relationship between physical rather than emotional functioning and appraisal.

4 CFR 4.2 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL SYSTEM EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND UTILIZATION § 4.2 Performance..., promoting, reducing in grade, retaining, and removing employees. (b) Each performance appraisal system shall... appraisal period on such standards. (4) Recognizing and rewarding employees whose performance so warrants...

76 FR 13187 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-06] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 68187 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-28] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 5249 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-02] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 45610 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-15] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 25690 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-15] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 39729 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-17] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 31962 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-18] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 14301 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-06] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 31961 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-06-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-17] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 42126 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-07-18

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-19] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

75 FR 62819 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2010-10-13

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-5] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 61704 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-10-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-27] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 19773 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-04-08

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-13] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 33458 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-06-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-10] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 60873 - Appraisal Subcommittee Meeting

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2013-10-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-23] Appraisal Subcommittee Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: In accordance with Section 1104(b) of Title XI of the Financial Institutions...

77 FR 66840 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-11-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-21] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

75 FR 57468 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2010-09-21

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-4] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 61606 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-19] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

75 FR 74732 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2010-12-01

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-10] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 71611 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

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2013-11-29

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-24] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 6134 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-02-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-04] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 26279 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-05-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-08] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 6135 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-02-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-05] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 76410 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-12-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-32] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 66840 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

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2012-11-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-22] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 58140 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-09-19

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-18] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 58140 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-09-19

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-17] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 14014 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-03-08

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-03] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

75 FR 67969 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2010-11-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-8] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 33419 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-06-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-15] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 61404 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-09

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-20] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 20633 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-05] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 9050 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-02-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-03] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 76410 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-12-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-31] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 57741 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-09-16

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-25] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 9050 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-02-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-04] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 61703 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-26] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 47698 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-08-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-19] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 20318 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-08] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 28218 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-12] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 14014 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-03-08

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-04] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 20633 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-04-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-06] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 25690 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-05-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-16] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 25084 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-04-29

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-10] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

75 FR 74732 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-11] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 13188 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of meeting

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2011-03-10

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-07] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 72862 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-12-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-24] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 68187 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of meeting

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2011-11-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-29] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 60872 - Appraisal Subcommittee Meeting

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2013-10-02

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-22] Appraisal Subcommittee Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: In accordance with Section 1104(b) of Title XI of the Financial Institutions...

75 FR 57468 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2010-09-21

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-3] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 2995 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

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2013-01-15

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-01] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 47182 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-08-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-22] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 40051 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

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2012-07-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-13] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

78 FR 33419 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2013-06-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-14] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 57741 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

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2011-09-16

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-24] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 26280 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-05-03

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-09] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

76 FR 47182 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2011-08-04

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-21] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 33459 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-06-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-11] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

77 FR 72862 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

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2012-12-06

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS12-23] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice is hereby given...

Increasing young adults' condom use intentions and behaviour through changing chlamydia risk and coping appraisals: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of efficacy.

PubMed

Newby, Katie V; French, David P; Brown, Katherine E; Lecky, Donna M

2013-05-30

Chlamydia is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England and has serious public health consequences. Young people carry a disproportionate burden of infection. A number of social cognition models identify risk appraisal as a primary motivator of behaviour suggesting that changing risk appraisals for STIs may be an effective strategy in motivating protective behaviour. Meta-analytic evidence indicates that the relationship between risk appraisal and health behaviour is small, but studies examining this relationship have been criticised for their many conceptual and methodological weaknesses. The effect of risk appraisal on health behaviour may therefore be of larger size. The proposed study aims to examine the efficacy of an intervention to increase condom use intentions and behaviour amongst young people through changing chlamydia risk and coping appraisals. Coping appraisal is targeted to avoid the intervention being counterproductive amongst recipients who do not feel able to perform the behaviour required to reduce the threat. An experimental design with follow-up, a conditional measure of risk appraisal, and analysis which controls for past behaviour, enable the relationship between risk appraisal and protective behaviour to be accurately assessed. The proposed study is a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial using a waiting-list control design to test the efficacy of the intervention compared to a control group. Participants will be school pupils aged 13-16 years old recruited from approximately ten secondary schools. Schools will be randomised into each arm. Participants will receive their usual teaching on STIs but those in the intervention condition will additionally receive a single-session sex education lesson on chlamydia. Measures will be taken at baseline, post-intervention and at follow-up three months later. The primary outcome measure is intention to use condoms with casual sexual partners. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first controlled trial testing the efficacy of an intervention to increase condom use intentions and behaviour through changing chlamydia risk appraisals. It is one of few experimental studies to accurately test the relationship between risk appraisal and precautionary sexual behaviour using a conditional measure of risk appraisal and controlling for past behaviour.

Family income and appraisals of parental conflict as predictors of psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol in emerging adulthood.

PubMed

Lucas-Thompson, Rachel G; Hostinar, Camelia E

2013-10-01

The goal of the current study was to provide the first investigation of whether appraisals of parental marital conflict mediate associations of family income with emerging adult psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol production. Participants were 178 college students who provided 3 saliva samples across the day and reported their family income, adjustment (depressive symptoms, perceived daily stress, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems), and appraisals of their parents' conflict (including perceptions of frequency, intensity, resolution, stability, as well as perceived threat and self-blame for conflict). Results indicated that emerging adults from low-income families reported more-negative conflict appraisals, which in turn predicted lower levels of adjustment; there was no association between income and patterns of cortisol production across the day. However, emerging adults who felt responsible for their parents' conflict displayed cortisol levels that were lower early in the day, with a tendency toward blunted cortisol slopes across the day; those who appraised their parents' conflict less negatively displayed a more normative pattern of cortisol production. These results suggest that effects of family income on psychological adjustment are explained, in part, by appraisals of parental conflict, particularly of appraisals of conflict as threatening, whereas self-blame conflict appraisals have main effects on cortisol, and predict a dysregulated and potentially maladaptive pattern of cortisol production across the day for emerging adults.

Turning gold into lead: Dampening appraisals reduce happiness and pleasantness and increase sadness during anticipation and recall of pleasant activities in the laboratory.

PubMed

Dunn, Barnaby D; Burr, Leigh Anne; Smith, Harriet Bunker; Hunt, Anna; Dadgostar, Daniel; Dalglish, Lucy; Smith, Sophie; Attree, Ellie; Jell, Grace; Martyn, James; Bos, Nikita; Werner-Seidler, Aliza

2018-05-25

Two studies examined whether use of dampening appraisals (e.g., thinking "this is too good to last") or amplifying appraisals (e.g., thinking "I deserve this") modulated affective experience when remembering (Study One) and anticipating (Study Two) positive events. Both studies used a mixed within-between participants design, with participants completing an uninstructed positive recall/anticipation task before being randomized to either control, dampening, or amplifying instructions during a second positive recall/anticipation task. During memory recall (Study One), instructed dampening increased dampening appraisals and led to a reduction in happiness and pleasantness and an increase in sadness, significantly differing from the control and amplifying conditions. While the amplifying condition significantly increased amplifying appraisals, it did not alter affective experience (relative to the control condition). During anticipation (Study Two), identical findings emerged for the dampening manipulation. The amplifying manipulation did not significantly increase amplifying appraisals, precluding conclusions being drawn about the impact of amplifying in this study. These results suggest that dampening appraisals contribute to altered affective experience when imagining and recalling positive activities and may account for why attempts to do so can have paradoxically negative effects in clinical populations. Moreover, the studies preliminarily validate a novel scale measuring state appraisal of positive experiences. Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of conscientiousness on the appraisals of daily stressors.

PubMed

Gartland, Nicola; O'Connor, Daryl B; Lawton, Rebecca

2012-02-01

Conscientiousness (C) is positively associated with health and longevity although the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Stress may play a role in explaining the C-longevity relationship. This study investigated whether C predicted the cognitive appraisals of daily stressors/hassles. Participants (N=102) completed measures of C and cognitive appraisal in relation to the most stressful hassle they had experienced in the last 7 days. Correlational analysis revealed that Total C, Order and Industriousness were positively correlated with primary appraisals, and Responsibility was positively correlated with secondary appraisals. The facets of C were then entered into hierarchical regression models, controlling for age and gender. This demonstrated that Order (β=0.27, p<0.05) and Industriousness (β=0.28, p<0.05) significantly predicted primary appraisals, accounting for 15.8% of the variance. Responsibility significantly predicted secondary appraisals (β=0.44, p<0.01), accounting for 16.3% of the variance. These findings indicate that higher Order and Industriousness are related to having a greater stake in daily stressors, whereas higher Responsibility is related to greater confidence in one's ability to deal with daily stressors. These results are the first demonstration that C is related to the appraisals of daily hassles and suggest that C may moderate the experience of stress in daily life. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Burden and Cognitive Appraisal of Stroke Survivors' Informal Caregivers: An Assessment of Depression Model With Mediating and Moderating Effects.

PubMed

Tsai, Yi-Chen; Pai, Hsiang-Chu

2016-04-01

This study proposes and evaluates a model of depression that concerns the role of burden and cognitive appraisal as mediators or moderators of outcomes among stroke survivor caregivers. A total of 105 informal caregivers of stroke survivor completed the self-report measures of Caregiver Burden Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Cognitive Impact of Appraisal Scale. The Glasgow Coma Scale and Barthel Index were used by the researcher to examine the physical functional status of the survivor. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was used to estimate the parameters of a depression model that included mediating or moderating effects. The model shows that burden and impact of cognitive appraisal have a significant direct and indirect impact on depression, while survivor physical functional status does not have a direct impact. The model also demonstrates that burden and impact of cognitive appraisal separately play a mediating role between survivor physical functional status and caregiver depression. In addition, cognitive appraisal has a moderating influence on the relationship between burden and depression. Overall, survivor physical functional status, burden, and cognitive appraisal were the predictors of caregiver depression, explaining 47.1% of the variance. This study has shown that burden and cognitive appraisal are mediators that more fully explain the relationship between patient severity and caregiver depression. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mills, Evan

Large numbers of commercial buildings have sought to improve their energy and environmental performance, with half of all leasable U.S. offices now designated at some level of “green”. All proper/es fall somewhere on the green/high-­performance spectrum (above and below average) whether or not they bear a formal label or ra/ng.1 Variations in the level of performance can either positively or negatively influence value. This component of value can be shaped by many factors, from utility costs to tenant/owner preferences that translate into income (rent levels, vacancy rates, lease-­up /mes, etc.). Occupant perceptions of indoor environmental quality are another potential influencemore » on value. While there has been little uptake of this thinking by practicing appraisers, the increased prevalence of green/HP practices combined with concerns about appraiser competency are compelling the industry to adapt their traditional techniques to this new driver of value. However, the overly narrow focus of policymakers on appraisal of labeled or rated exemplary buildings (e.g., LEED or ENERGY STAR Certified) represents a significant missed opportunity. Any level of green or energy performance can in fact influence value, including below-­average performance (a.k.a. “brown discount”), irrespec/ve of whether or not the building has been formally rated. Another surmountable challenge is the limitations to non-­appraisers’ understanding of the appraisal process (and constraints therein). A crucial byproduct of this is unrealistic expectations of what appraisers can and will do in the marketplace. This report identifies opportunities for catalyzing improvement of the green/HP appraisal process, which apply to all involved actors—from owner, report-­ordering client, the appraiser, and the appraisal reviewer—and fostering more demand for appraisals that recognize green/HP property attributes. The intended audience is primarily the public policy community and other stakeholders outside the formal appraisal community who can contribute to the broader effort to advance professional practces. The discussion begins with a descripton of the appraisal process and the points at which green/HP consideratons can enter the analysis. A series of major barriers to better practces are identfied along with approaches to reducing them.« less

7 CFR 550.15 - Resource contribution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS Formation of... Cooperator as established by an independent appraiser (e.g., certified real property appraiser or General... of comparable space as established by an independent appraisal of comparable space and facilities in...

7 CFR 550.15 - Resource contribution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS Formation of... Cooperator as established by an independent appraiser (e.g., certified real property appraiser or General... of comparable space as established by an independent appraisal of comparable space and facilities in...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance...

76 FR 1164 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-01] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. ACTION: Notice of meeting. Description: In accordance with Section 1104(b) of Title XI of the...

76 FR 1165 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-07

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-02] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. ACTION: Notice of meeting. Description: In accordance with Section 1104(b) of Title XI of the...

75 FR 77449 - Interagency Appraisal and Evaluation Guidelines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-10

... manner. Further, the Guidelines promote consistency in the application and enforcement of the Agencies... promote consistency in the application and enforcement of the Agencies' current appraisal requirements and... application of the Agencies' appraisal regulations, thereby promoting safe and sound collateral valuation...

28 CFR 345.41 - Performance appraisal for inmate workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Worker Standards and Performance Appraisal § 345.41 Performance appraisal for inmate workers. Work supervisors should complete a performance... inmate's skills, abilities, qualifications, and work performance are sufficiently developed to enable the...

78 FR 14300 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-05] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice...

76 FR 19773 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS11-14] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice...

78 FR 2995 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS13-02] Appraisal Subcommittee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination...) of Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended...

75 FR 62819 - Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-6] Appraisal Subcommittee Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination... Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, notice...

75 FR 36088 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Rules of Operation; Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL [Docket No. AS10-2] Appraisal Subcommittee; Rules of Operation; Amendment AGENCY: Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions... Financial Institutions Examination Council is amending the following sections: Section 3.04 of the Rules of...

24 CFR 200.35 - Appraisal standards-nondiscrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Application, Commitment, and Endorsement Generally Applicable to Multifamily and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Programs; and Continuing Eligibility Requirements for Existing Projects Miscellaneous Cross... the selection of appraiser. In the selection of an appraiser, there shall be no discrimination on the...

24 CFR 200.35 - Appraisal standards-nondiscrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Application, Commitment, and Endorsement Generally Applicable to Multifamily and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Programs; and Continuing Eligibility Requirements for Existing Projects Miscellaneous Cross... the selection of appraiser. In the selection of an appraiser, there shall be no discrimination on the...

DianaHealth.com, an On-Line Database Containing Appraisals of the Clinical Value and Appropriateness of Healthcare Interventions: Database Development and Retrospective Analysis.

PubMed

Bonfill, Xavier; Osorio, Dimelza; Solà, Ivan; Pijoan, Jose Ignacio; Balasso, Valentina; Quintana, Maria Jesús; Puig, Teresa; Bolibar, Ignasi; Urrútia, Gerard; Zamora, Javier; Emparanza, José Ignacio; Gómez de la Cámara, Agustín; Ferreira-González, Ignacio

2016-01-01

To describe the development of a novel on-line database aimed to serve as a source of information concerning healthcare interventions appraised for their clinical value and appropriateness by several initiatives worldwide, and to present a retrospective analysis of the appraisals already included in the database. Database development and a retrospective analysis. The database DianaHealth.com is already on-line and it is regularly updated, independent, open access and available in English and Spanish. Initiatives are identified in medical news, in article references, and by contacting experts in the field. We include appraisals in the form of clinical recommendations, expert analyses, conclusions from systematic reviews, and original research that label any health care intervention as low-value or inappropriate. We obtain the information necessary to classify the appraisals according to type of intervention, specialties involved, publication year, authoring initiative, and key words. The database is accessible through a search engine which retrieves a list of appraisals and a link to the website where they were published. DianaHealth.com also provides a brief description of the initiatives and a section where users can report new appraisals or suggest new initiatives. From January 2014 to July 2015, the on-line database included 2940 appraisals from 22 initiatives: eleven campaigns gathering clinical recommendations from scientific societies, five sets of conclusions from literature review, three sets of recommendations from guidelines, two collections of articles on low clinical value in medical journals, and an initiative of our own. We have developed an open access on-line database of appraisals about healthcare interventions considered of low clinical value or inappropriate. DianaHealth.com could help physicians and other stakeholders make better decisions concerning patient care and healthcare systems sustainability. Future efforts should be focused on assessing the impact of these appraisals in the clinical practice.

DianaHealth.com, an On-Line Database Containing Appraisals of the Clinical Value and Appropriateness of Healthcare Interventions: Database Development and Retrospective Analysis

PubMed Central

Bonfill, Xavier; Osorio, Dimelza; Solà, Ivan; Pijoan, Jose Ignacio; Balasso, Valentina; Quintana, Maria Jesús; Puig, Teresa; Bolibar, Ignasi; Urrútia, Gerard; Zamora, Javier; Emparanza, José Ignacio; Gómez de la Cámara, Agustín; Ferreira-González, Ignacio

2016-01-01

Objective To describe the development of a novel on-line database aimed to serve as a source of information concerning healthcare interventions appraised for their clinical value and appropriateness by several initiatives worldwide, and to present a retrospective analysis of the appraisals already included in the database. Methods and Findings Database development and a retrospective analysis. The database DianaHealth.com is already on-line and it is regularly updated, independent, open access and available in English and Spanish. Initiatives are identified in medical news, in article references, and by contacting experts in the field. We include appraisals in the form of clinical recommendations, expert analyses, conclusions from systematic reviews, and original research that label any health care intervention as low-value or inappropriate. We obtain the information necessary to classify the appraisals according to type of intervention, specialties involved, publication year, authoring initiative, and key words. The database is accessible through a search engine which retrieves a list of appraisals and a link to the website where they were published. DianaHealth.com also provides a brief description of the initiatives and a section where users can report new appraisals or suggest new initiatives. From January 2014 to July 2015, the on-line database included 2940 appraisals from 22 initiatives: eleven campaigns gathering clinical recommendations from scientific societies, five sets of conclusions from literature review, three sets of recommendations from guidelines, two collections of articles on low clinical value in medical journals, and an initiative of our own. Conclusions We have developed an open access on-line database of appraisals about healthcare interventions considered of low clinical value or inappropriate. DianaHealth.com could help physicians and other stakeholders make better decisions concerning patient care and healthcare systems sustainability. Future efforts should be focused on assessing the impact of these appraisals in the clinical practice. PMID:26840451

Alienation appraisals distinguish adults diagnosed with DID from PTSD.

PubMed

DePrince, Anne P; Huntjens, Rafaële J C; Dorahy, Martin J

2015-11-01

Studies are beginning to show the importance of appraisals to different types and severities of psychiatric disorders. Yet, little work in this area has assessed whether trauma-related appraisals can differentiate complex trauma-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID). The current study evaluated whether any of 6 trauma-related appraisals distinguished adults diagnosed with DID from those diagnosed with PTSD. To accomplish this, we first examined the basic psychometric properties of a Dutch-translated short-form of the Trauma Appraisals Questionnaire (TAQ) in healthy control (n = 57), PTSD (n = 27) and DID (n = 12) samples. The short-form Dutch translation of the TAQ showed good internal reliability and criterion-related validity for all 6 subscales (betrayal, self-blame, fear, alienation, shame, anger). Of the 6 subscales, the alienation appraisal subscale specifically differentiated DID from PTSD, with the former group reporting more alienation. Abuse-related appraisals that emphasize disconnection from self and others may contribute to reported problems of memory and identity common in DID. The current findings suggest that addressing experiences of alienation may be particularly important in treatment for clients diagnosed with DID. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Resilience to suicidal ideation in psychosis: Positive self-appraisals buffer the impact of hopelessness.

PubMed

Johnson, J; Gooding, P A; Wood, A M; Taylor, P J; Pratt, D; Tarrier, N

2010-09-01

Recent years have seen growing interest into concepts of resilience, but minimal research has explored resilience to suicide and none has investigated resilience to suicide amongst clinical groups. The current study aimed to examine whether a proposed resilience factor, positive self-appraisals of the ability to cope with emotions, difficult situations and the ability to gain social support, could buffer against the negative impact of hopelessness amongst individuals with psychosis-spectrum disorders when measured cross-sectionally. Seventy-seven participants with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders completed self-report measures of suicidal ideation, hopelessness and positive self-appraisals. Positive self-appraisals were found to moderate the association between hopelessness and suicidal ideation. For those reporting high levels of positive self-appraisals, increased levels of hopelessness were significantly less likely to lead to suicidality. These results provide cross-sectional evidence suggest that positive self-appraisals may buffer individuals with psychosis against the pernicious impact of a well known clinical risk factor, hopelessness. Accounting for positive self-appraisals may improve identification of individuals at high risk of suicidality, and may be an important area to target for suicide interventions. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An exploration of cognitive appraisals following spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Kaiser, Sally; Kennedy, Paul

2011-12-01

This study explored the cognitive appraisals that people make following spinal cord injury (SCI) about their situation and their ability to cope with it. Appraisals are thought to be important in determining individual responses to different events and have been shown to predict psychological well-being following injury. A cross-sectional interview study was used. Ten individuals who had recently started rehabilitation at the National Spinal Injuries Centre following an SCI were interviewed. Eight men and two women with a variety of injury level and completeness participated. Interviews were semi-structured and aimed to elicit participants' appraisals of their experiences and their ability to cope. Interviews were analysed qualitatively using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the interviews. These were making sense of a traumatic experience, impact of the SCI, coping and altered view of self and life. The interviews revealed that appraisals following SCI are complex and relate not only to the individual but also to their context, life stage, roles and relationships. The study adds to the theoretical understanding of the appraisal process following SCI. Ideas for further research are generated and clinical implications for improving patient experiences and developing appraisal-focused interventions are considered.

Measuring appraisals following acquired spinal cord injury: a preliminary psychometric analysis of the appraisals of disability.

PubMed

Dean, R E; Kennedy, Paul

2009-05-01

The current study aimed to develop a reliable and valid appraisal scale (The Appraisals of DisAbility: Primary and Secondary Scale; ADAPSS) for adult spinal cord injury (SCI) populations. Items for the ADAPSS were generated using themes and quotes from a qualitative study exploring appraisals made by individuals with SCI. The ADAPSS was administered with 2 additional appraisal measures, a measure of anxiety and depression, a measure of social desirability and demographic information. The study used a cross-sectional questionnaire design with a test-retest component, sampling community-based individuals with SCI. Data analysis was undertaken on 237 completed questionnaires. Factor analysis revealed the ADAPSS to have a 6-factor structure and the following subscales identified: (a) Fearful Despondency, (b) Overwhelming Disbelief, (c) Determined Resolve, (d) Growth and Resilience, (e) Negative Perceptions of Disability, and (f) Personal Agency. Preliminary analyses suggest the ADAPSS demonstrates reasonable reliability and validity and has potential as a therapeutic outcome measure. Future research should focus on the relationship between appraisals identified on the ADAPSS and their relationship to the coping strategies that individuals employ and adjustment to SCI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

Personal and parental problem drinking: effects on problem-solving performance and self-appraisal.

PubMed

Slavkin, S L; Heimberg, R G; Winning, C D; McCaffrey, R J

1992-01-01

This study examined the problem-solving performances and self-appraisals of problem-solving ability of college-age subjects with and without parental history of problem drinking. Contrary to our predictions, children of problem drinkers (COPDs) were rated as somewhat more effective in their problem-solving skills than non-COPDs, undermining prevailing assumptions about offspring from alcoholic households. While this difference was not large and was qualified by other variables, subjects' own alcohol abuse did exert a detrimental effect on problem-solving performance, regardless of parental history of problem drinking. However, a different pattern was evident for problem-solving self-appraisals. Alcohol-abusing non-COPDs saw themselves as effective problem-solvers while alcohol-abusing COPDs appraised themselves as poor problem-solvers. In addition, the self-appraisals of alcohol-abusing COPDs were consistent with objective ratings of solution effectiveness (i.e., they were both negative) while alcohol-abusing non-COPDs were overly positive in their appraisals, opposing the judgments of trained raters. This finding suggests that the relationship between personal alcohol abuse and self-appraised problem-solving abilities may differ as a function of parental history of problem drinking. Limitations on the generalizability of findings are addressed.

Financial strain, trajectories of marital processes, and African American newlyweds' marital instability.

PubMed

Barton, Allen W; Bryant, Chalandra M

2016-09-01

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among financial strain, trajectories of marital processes, and increases in marital instability concerns among a sample of 280 African American newlywed couples followed over the first 3 years of marriage. Results from dyadic structural equation modeling revealed that financial strain experienced during the early years of marriage was associated with increased marital instability concerns for both husbands and wives. Latent growth curves of marital processes revealed mean declines in appraisals of spousal warmth and increases in appraisals of spousal hostility, with variability between individuals in rates of decline in warmth; further, wives' appraisals of spousal warmth covaried with levels of financial strain, such that high levels of financial strain were associated with steeper declines in spousal warmth appraisals. For both husbands and wives, rates of change in spousal warmth appraisals had a greater influence on increases in marital instability concerns than either starting levels of spousal warmth appraisals or financial strain. Findings highlight the long-term associations between external stress and trajectories of marital appraisals as well as their relative effects on marital distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Getting Started with Taiji: Investigating Students Expectations and Teachers Appraisals of Taiji Beginners Courses

PubMed Central

Nedeljkovic, Marko; Bürgler, Christina; Wirtz, Petra H.; Seiler, Roland; Streitberger, Konrad M.; Ausfeld-Hafter, Brigitte

2012-01-01

In recent years, Taiji has been frequently investigated and considered as a stress management intervention. Although health care providers' appraisals and consumers' expectations are regarded as essential for treatment outcome, little attention has been drawn to this issue in Taiji research. In our study we have conducted two surveys to explore beginners' (n = 74) expectations and teachers' (n = 136) appraisals of their Taiji courses in general as well as more particularly related to stress management. Qualitative data analysis revealed that beginners mainly expected to learn a new method that is applicable in their daily life to foster peace of mind and to enhance their stress management. Congruently moderate-to-high improvements in stress management have also been found in quantitative analysis, whereby a lower educational level predicted higher expectations (P = 0.016). Taiji-teachers stated body- and mind-related benefits most frequently and appraised moderate-to-high improvements in stress management. Higher appraisals were predicted by a shorter teaching experience (P = 0.024). Our results inform about beginners' expectations and teachers' appraisals related to a Taiji-beginners course and highlight the role of educational background and teaching experience in shaping stress-management-related beginners' expectations and teachers' appraisals. PMID:23258990

Response styles, bipolar risk, and mood in students: The Behaviours Checklist.

PubMed

Fisk, Claire; Dodd, Alyson L; Collins, Alan

2015-12-01

An Integrative Cognitive Model of mood swings and bipolar disorder proposes that extreme positive and negative appraisals about internal states trigger ascent and descent behaviours, contributing to the onset and maintenance of mood swings. This study investigated the reliability and validity of a new inventory, the Behaviours Checklist (BC), by measuring associations with appraisals, response styles to positive and negative affect, bipolar risk, mania, and depression. Correlational analogue study. Students (N = 134) completed the BC alongside measures of appraisals, response styles to positive and negative mood, mania, depression, and hypomanic personality (bipolar risk). The BC was of adequate reliability and showed good validity. Ascent behaviours and appraisals predicted bipolar risk, whereas descent behaviours and appraisals were associated with depression. Appraisals, ascent, and descent behaviours may play an important role in the development and maintenance of mood swings. Limitations and research recommendations are outlined. Extreme positive and negative appraisals of internal states, and subsequent behavioural responses (ascent and descent behaviours), are associated with bipolar risk and bipolar mood symptoms in a student sample. These processes are involved with mood dysregulation in clinical populations as well as bipolar risk in students, with implications for mood management. © 2015 The British Psychological Society.

76 FR 16627 - Statutory Provisions Affecting State Appraiser Regulatory Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... following provisions: Reciprocity. Qualification requirements for State licensed appraisers. Minimum...' efforts to implement the requirements. Reciprocity: Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act require States to... related transaction unless the State wherein the appraiser is credentialed has such a reciprocity policy...

5 CFR 430.405 - Procedures for certifying agency appraisal systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... supervise to ensure that they reflect distinctions in individual and organizational performance, as... SERVICE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Performance Appraisal Certification for Pay Purposes § 430.405... of the appraisal system(s) to be certified, including— (i) Organizational and employee coverage...

7 CFR 762.127 - Appraisal requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appraisal requirements. 762.127 Section 762.127 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.127 Appraisal requirements. (a) General. The general...

7 CFR 356.2 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appraisement. 356.2 Section 356.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FORFEITURE PROCEDURES § 356.2 Appraisement. Promptly following the seizure or other...

12 CFR 722.6 - Professional association membership; competency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional association membership; competency... CREDIT UNIONS APPRAISALS § 722.6 Professional association membership; competency. (a) Membership in... membership in any particular appraisal organization. (b) Competency. All staff and fee appraisers performing...

12 CFR 614.4267 - Professional association membership; competency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional association membership; competency...; competency. (a) Membership in appraisal organizations. A State certified appraiser or a State licensed...) Competency. All staff and fee evaluators, including appraisers, performing evaluations in connection with...

12 CFR 225.64 - Minimum appraisal standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....64 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Regulations Appraisal Standards... Board of the Appraisal Foundation, 1029 Vermont Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20005, unless principles of...

24 CFR 4001.114 - Appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Appraisal. 4001.114 Section 4001.114 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued... shall be conducted in accordance with Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) but...

24 CFR 4001.114 - Appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Appraisal. 4001.114 Section 4001.114 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued... shall be conducted in accordance with Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) but...

The influence of dyadic symptom distress on threat appraisals and self-efficacy in advanced cancer and caregiving.

PubMed

Ellis, Katrina R; Janevic, Mary R; Kershaw, Trace; Caldwell, Cleopatra H; Janz, Nancy K; Northouse, Laurel

2017-01-01

Physical and psychological symptoms experienced by patients with advanced cancer influence their well-being; how patient and family caregiver symptom distress influence each other's well-being is less understood. This study examined the influence of patient and caregiver symptom distress on their threat appraisals and self-efficacy to cope with cancer. We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from an RCT that enrolled patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (N = 484 dyads). Structural equation modeling and the actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) were used to examine two models: threat appraisals as a mediator of the relationship between symptom distress and individual and family-related self-efficacy; and, self-efficacy (individual and family dimensions) as mediators of the relationship between symptom distress and threat appraisals. Data suggest the self-efficacy mediation model was the preferred model. More patient and caregiver symptom distress was directly associated with their own lower self-efficacy and more threatening appraisals. Patient and caregiver individual self-efficacy also mediated the relationship between their own symptom distress and threat appraisals. There were also significant interdependent effects. More patient symptom distress was associated with less caregiver family-related self-efficacy, and more caregiver symptom distress was directly associated with more threatening patient appraisals. Patient and caregiver symptom distress influenced their own and in some cases each other's cognitive appraisals. Limitations of this study include the use of cross-sectional data and assessments of individually-focused (vs. family-focused) threat appraisals. These findings highlight the need to consider the management of patient and caregiver symptoms during advanced cancer.

Appraised leadership styles, psychosocial work factors, and musculoskeletal pain among public employees.

PubMed

Fjell, Ylva; Osterberg, Mia; Alexanderson, Kristina; Karlqvist, Lena; Bildt, Carina

2007-10-01

The main aim of this study was to explore the associations between appraised leadership styles, psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal pain among subordinates in four different public service sectors from an epidemiological perspective. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted; data from 2,403 public sector employees in subordinate positions (86% women) were analysed. The appraised leadership styles were measured through items from a modified version of the CPE questionnaire (C change, P production/structure, E employee/relation). The structure validity of the CPE-model was examined by principal component analysis (PCA). Univariate and multivariate analyses of associations between levels of musculoskeletal pain and appraised leadership styles and with psychosocial work factors were conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were used as a measure of associations. There were small variations in the appraisals of the immediate manager among the subordinates. However, the associations between musculoskeletal pain and leadership styles varied according to sector. Poor appraisals (low scores) on "change" and "employee relation" dimensions were associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain in two sectors: home and health care services. In the domestic catering services, poor appraisals of managers in the "production/structure" dimension had the strongest association with high levels of pain. In general, poor appraisals of the "change" dimension was most strongly associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain. "High work demands" had the strongest association with high levels of pain, particularly among the men. Poor appraisals of managers and their leadership styles were associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain among both female and male subordinates in different public service sectors. There is therefore a great need of further studies of the mechanisms behind the relationships between the leadership styles and their impact on health among the genders.

The architecture of personality.

PubMed

Cervone, David

2004-01-01

This article presents a theoretical framework for analyzing psychological systems that contribute to the variability, consistency, and cross-situational coherence of personality functioning. In the proposed knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture (KAPA), personality structures and processes are delineated by combining 2 principles: distinctions (a) between knowledge structures and appraisal processes and (b) among intentional cognitions with varying directions of fit, with the latter distinction differentiating among beliefs, evaluative standards, and aims. Basic principles of knowledge activation and use illuminate relations between knowledge and appraisal, yielding a synthetic account of personality structures and processes. Novel empirical data illustrate the heuristic value of the knowledge/appraisal distinction by showing how self-referent and situational knowledge combine to foster cross-situational coherence in appraisals of self-efficacy.

The future is now: prospective temporal self-appraisals among defensive pessimists and optimists.

PubMed

Sanna, Lawrence J; Chang, Edward C; Carter, Seth E; Small, Eulena M

2006-06-01

Three studies found that prospective temporal self-appraisals can be part of defensive pessimists' strategy; they felt closer to equally distant negative than positive futures. In Study 1, defensive pessimists felt closer to future failures and reported more negative affect than those considering success. In Study 2, when manipulated negative futures were close, defensive pessimists felt bad and performed well; results suggested that viewing negative futures as close may be part of their natural strategy. Study 3 found that prospective self-appraisals influenced performances through felt preparation. Optimists did not use prospective self-appraisals (Study 1) and their performances were unaffected by manipulated temporal distance (Studies 2 and 3). Discussion centers on prospective self-appraisals and multiple strategies of defensive pessimists.

Familiarity, legitimation, and frequency: the influence of others on the criminal self-view.

PubMed

Asencio, Emily K

2011-01-01

From an identity theory perspective, reflected appraisals from others are relevant for social behavior, because behavior is motivated by the desire to achieve congruence between reflected appraisals and the self-view for a particular identity. This study extends prior identity theory work from the laboratory setting by examining identity processes with respect to the criminal identity in the unique “natural” setting of a total institution. The findings build on prior work which finds that reflected appraisals do have an influence on identities and behavior by demonstrating that the relationship one has to the source of reflected appraisals is important for the way in which reflected appraisals influence the criminal self-view for an incarcerated population.

Teaching Critical Appraisal of Articles on Psychopharmacology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohr, Pavel; Hoschl, Cyril; Volavka, Jan

2012-01-01

Objective: Psychiatrists and other physicians sometimes read publications superficially, relying excessively on abstracts. The authors addressed this problem by teaching critical appraisal of individual articles. Method: The authors developed a 23-item appraisal instrument to assess articles in the area of psychopharmacology. The results were…

76 FR 49787 - Rural Water Supply Program Approved Appraisal Reports; Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

...., prohibit rural residential growth) and water conservation (e.g., leak detection surveys). Dated: July 11... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Reclamation Rural Water Supply Program Approved Appraisal...: Reclamation provides assistance for appraisal investigations and feasibility studies for rural water supply...

10 CFR 611.101 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... using industry standard model (need to add name and location of this open source model) to show... the project is based and applicant's financial model presenting project pro forma statements for the... Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice,” promulgated by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal...

10 CFR 611.101 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... using industry standard model (need to add name and location of this open source model) to show... the project is based and applicant's financial model presenting project pro forma statements for the... Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice,” promulgated by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal...

10 CFR 611.101 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... using industry standard model (need to add name and location of this open source model) to show... the project is based and applicant's financial model presenting project pro forma statements for the... Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice,” promulgated by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal...

9 CFR 50.9 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES ANIMALS DESTROYED BECAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS General Indemnity § 50.9 Appraisals. (a) Livestock to be destroyed because of tuberculosis under § 50.3 must be appraised within 15 days after being classified as infected with tuberculosis, except that the veterinarian...

12 CFR 34.46 - Professional association membership; competency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Professional association membership; competency... ESTATE LENDING AND APPRAISALS Appraisals § 34.46 Professional association membership; competency. (a... membership or lack of membership in any particular appraisal organization. (b) Competency. All staff and fee...

12 CFR 225.65 - Appraiser independence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept an appraisal that was prepared by an appraiser engaged directly by another financial services institution, if... no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property. If the only qualified...

15 CFR 904.503 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS CIVIL PROCEDURES Seizure... domestic value. Domestic value means the price at which such or similar property is offered for sale at the... property at the place of appraisement, the value in the principal market nearest the place of appraisement...

36 CFR 254.26 - Appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appraisal. 254.26 Section 254.26 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LANDOWNERSHIP ADJUSTMENTS National Forest Townsites § 254.26 Appraisal. Fair market value of townsite tracts shall be...

5 CFR 301.303 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 301.303 Section....303 Performance appraisal. As soon as practicable, but beginning not later than January 1, 1984, overseas agencies are required to evaluate the performance of employees who serve under overseas local hire...

5 CFR 301.303 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 301.303 Section....303 Performance appraisal. As soon as practicable, but beginning not later than January 1, 1984, overseas agencies are required to evaluate the performance of employees who serve under overseas local hire...

5 CFR 301.303 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 301.303 Section....303 Performance appraisal. As soon as practicable, but beginning not later than January 1, 1984, overseas agencies are required to evaluate the performance of employees who serve under overseas local hire...

5 CFR 301.303 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 301.303 Section....303 Performance appraisal. As soon as practicable, but beginning not later than January 1, 1984, overseas agencies are required to evaluate the performance of employees who serve under overseas local hire...

5 CFR 301.303 - Performance appraisal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Performance appraisal. 301.303 Section....303 Performance appraisal. As soon as practicable, but beginning not later than January 1, 1984, overseas agencies are required to evaluate the performance of employees who serve under overseas local hire...

5 CFR 1330.405 - Procedures for certifying agency appraisal systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedures for certifying agency appraisal systems. 1330.405 Section 1330.405 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET JOINT REGULATIONS WITH THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Performance Appraisal...

Appraising Reading Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ediger, Marlow

To determine quality sequence in pupil progress, evaluation approaches need to be used which guide the teacher to assist learners to attain optimally. Teachers must use a variety of procedures to appraise student achievement in reading, because no one approach is adequate. Appraisal approaches might include: (1) observation and subsequent…

9 CFR 50.9 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES ANIMALS DESTROYED BECAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS General Indemnity § 50.9 Appraisals. (a) Livestock to be destroyed because of tuberculosis under § 50.3 must be appraised within 15 days after being classified as infected with tuberculosis, except that the veterinarian...

9 CFR 50.9 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES ANIMALS DESTROYED BECAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS General Indemnity § 50.9 Appraisals. (a) Livestock to be destroyed because of tuberculosis under § 50.3 must be appraised within 15 days after being classified as infected with tuberculosis, except that the veterinarian...

9 CFR 50.9 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES ANIMALS DESTROYED BECAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS General Indemnity § 50.9 Appraisals. (a) Livestock to be destroyed because of tuberculosis under § 50.3 must be appraised within 15 days after being classified as infected with tuberculosis, except that the veterinarian...

9 CFR 50.9 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES ANIMALS DESTROYED BECAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS General Indemnity § 50.9 Appraisals. (a) Livestock to be destroyed because of tuberculosis under § 50.3 must be appraised within 15 days after being classified as infected with tuberculosis, except that the veterinarian...

12 CFR 564.7 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Enforcement. 564.7 Section 564.7 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY APPRAISALS § 564.7 Enforcement. Institutions and institution-affiliated parties, including staff appraisers and fee appraisers, who violate...

Deliberative Mapping of options for tackling climate change: Citizens and specialists ‘open up’ appraisal of geoengineering

PubMed Central

Bellamy, Rob; Chilvers, Jason; Vaughan, Naomi E.

2014-01-01

Appraisals of deliberate, large-scale interventions in the earth’s climate system, known collectively as ‘geoengineering’, have largely taken the form of narrowly framed and exclusive expert analyses that prematurely ‘close down’ upon particular proposals. Here, we present the findings from the first ‘upstream’ appraisal of geoengineering to deliberately ‘open up’ to a broader diversity of framings, knowledges and future pathways. We report on the citizen strand of an innovative analytic–deliberative participatory appraisal process called Deliberative Mapping. A select but diverse group of sociodemographically representative citizens from Norfolk (United Kingdom) were engaged in a deliberative multi-criteria appraisal of geoengineering proposals relative to other options for tackling climate change, in parallel to symmetrical appraisals by diverse experts and stakeholders. Despite seeking to map divergent perspectives, a remarkably consistent view of option performance emerged across both the citizens’ and the specialists’ deliberations, where geoengineering proposals were outperformed by mitigation alternatives. PMID:25224904

Factors Influencing Female Caregivers' Appraisals of Their Preschoolers' Behaviors.

PubMed

Coke, Sallie P; Moore, Leslie C

This study used the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to explore family factors associated with primary female caregivers' appraisals of children's behaviors, distortion of their appraisals, and children's risk of having behavioral problems. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from female caregivers of preschoolers. Instruments measured demographic characteristics, comfort in parenting, appraisal of behaviors, daily and parenting stress, depressive symptoms, social support, ratings of children's behaviors, and distortion in ratings. Analyses included χ 2 and simultaneous linear regression. Greater parenting discomfort and daily stress were associated with lower appraisals of children's behaviors. Caucasian race and higher distortion in behavioral ratings were associated with higher risk of behavioral problems. Caregiver's appraisal was associated with daily stress level and parenting comfort. Additional research is needed regarding how these factors affect children's behavior and causes of distorted parental views of children's behaviors. Copyright © 2016 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Deliberative Mapping of options for tackling climate change: Citizens and specialists 'open up' appraisal of geoengineering.

PubMed

Bellamy, Rob; Chilvers, Jason; Vaughan, Naomi E

2016-04-01

Appraisals of deliberate, large-scale interventions in the earth's climate system, known collectively as 'geoengineering', have largely taken the form of narrowly framed and exclusive expert analyses that prematurely 'close down' upon particular proposals. Here, we present the findings from the first 'upstream' appraisal of geoengineering to deliberately 'open up' to a broader diversity of framings, knowledges and future pathways. We report on the citizen strand of an innovative analytic-deliberative participatory appraisal process called Deliberative Mapping. A select but diverse group of sociodemographically representative citizens from Norfolk (United Kingdom) were engaged in a deliberative multi-criteria appraisal of geoengineering proposals relative to other options for tackling climate change, in parallel to symmetrical appraisals by diverse experts and stakeholders. Despite seeking to map divergent perspectives, a remarkably consistent view of option performance emerged across both the citizens' and the specialists' deliberations, where geoengineering proposals were outperformed by mitigation alternatives. © The Author(s) 2014.

Interparental conflict and adolescent dating relationships: the role of perceived threat and self-blame appraisals.

PubMed

Kim, Kerri L; Jackson, Yo; Hunter, Heather L; Conrad, Selby M

2009-05-01

In line with the cognitive-contextual framework proposed by Grych and Fincham (1990), evidence suggests that children exposed to interparental conflict (IPC) are at risk for experiencing conflict within their own intimate relationships. The mediating role of adolescent appraisal in the relation between IPC and adolescent dating behavior was examined in the current study. Specifically, it was hypothesized that self-blame and threat appraisals would mediate the relation between IPC and adolescent maladaptive dating behaviors. To examine the potential mediating role of appraisal, 169 high school students completed the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992) and Child and Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (Wolfe, Scott, Reitzel-Jaffe, Wekerle, Grasley, & Straatman, 2004). Findings suggest that self-blame appraisal partially mediated the relation between IPC and adolescent sexual aggression, and between IPC and adolescent threatening behavior. In addition, perceived threat appraisal partially mediated the relation between IPC and adolescent sexual aggression. Implications for the current findings are discussed.

Influences of acute alcohol consumption, sexual precedence, and relationship motivation on women’s relationship and sex appraisals and unprotected sex intentions

PubMed Central

Jacques-Tiura, Angela J.; Norris, Jeanette; Kiekel, Preston A.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Zawacki, Tina; Morrison, Diane M.; George, William H.; Abdallah, Devon Alisa

2014-01-01

Guided by the cognitive mediation model of sexual decision making (Norris, Masters, & Zawacki, 2004. Cognitive mediation of women’s sexual decision making: The influence of alcohol, contextual factors, and background variables. Annual Review of Sex Research, 15, 258–296), we examined female social drinkers’ (N = 162) in-the-moment risky sexual decision making by testing how individual differences (relationship motivation) and situational factors (alcohol consumption and sexual precedence conditions) influenced cognitive appraisals and sexual outcomes in a hypothetical sexual scenario. In a path model, acute intoxication, sexual precedence, and relationship motivation interactively predicted primary relationship appraisals and independently predicted primary sex appraisals. Primary appraisals predicted secondary appraisals related to relationship and unprotected sex, which predicted unprotected sex intentions. Sexual precedence directly increased unprotected sex intentions. Findings support the cognitive mediation model and suggest that sexual risk reduction interventions should address alcohol, relationship, sexual, and cognitive factors. PMID:25755302

Coherence explored between emotion components: evidence from event-related potentials and facial electromyography.

PubMed

Gentsch, Kornelia; Grandjean, Didier; Scherer, Klaus R

2014-04-01

Componential theories assume that emotion episodes consist of emergent and dynamic response changes to relevant events in different components, such as appraisal, physiology, motivation, expression, and subjective feeling. In particular, Scherer's Component Process Model hypothesizes that subjective feeling emerges when the synchronization (or coherence) of appraisal-driven changes between emotion components has reached a critical threshold. We examined the prerequisite of this synchronization hypothesis for appraisal-driven response changes in facial expression. The appraisal process was manipulated by using feedback stimuli, presented in a gambling task. Participants' responses to the feedback were investigated in concurrently recorded brain activity related to appraisal (event-related potentials, ERP) and facial muscle activity (electromyography, EMG). Using principal component analysis, the prediction of appraisal-driven response changes in facial EMG was examined. Results support this prediction: early cognitive processes (related to the feedback-related negativity) seem to primarily affect the upper face, whereas processes that modulate P300 amplitudes tend to predominantly drive cheek region responses. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Parental appraisal of the family impact of childhood developmental disability: times of sadness and times of joy.

PubMed

Trute, Barry; Hiebert-Murphy, Diane; Levine, Kathryn

2007-03-01

Parental positive and negative appraisals of the family impact of childhood disability are tested as early predictors of parental self-esteem and overall family adjustment in households with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Within 103 Canadian families, 103 mothers and 55 fathers independently completed interviews in their home at two time points: 6 months after their child entered childhood disability services (T1), and one year later (T2). Longer-term family adjustment was found to be predicted by level of parental negative appraisal of the family impact of disability, and by level of self-esteem, for both mothers and fathers. For mothers, positive appraisal of childhood disability was also found to predict early family adjustment and was related to enhanced self-esteem. Gender differences in parental appraisal of the family impact of childhood disability appear to merge over time. Both positive and negative appraisals appear to coexist and are predictive of mothers' and fathers' perceived overall family adjustment in the longer term.

Students' daily emotions in the classroom: intra-individual variability and appraisal correlates.

PubMed

Ahmed, Wondimu; van der Werf, Greetje; Minnaert, Alexander; Kuyper, Hans

2010-12-01

Recent literature on emotions in education has shown that competence- and value-related beliefs are important sources of students' emotions; nevertheless, the role of these antecedents in students' daily functioning in the classroom is not yet well-known. More importantly, to date we know little about intra-individual variability in students' daily emotions. The objectives of the study were (1) to examine within-student variability in emotional experiences and (2) to investigate how competence and value appraisals are associated with emotions. It was hypothesized that emotions would show substantial within-student variability and that there would be within-person associations between competence and value appraisals and the emotions. (s) The sample consisted of 120 grade 7 students (52%, girls) in 5 randomly selected classrooms in a secondary school. A diary method was used to acquire daily process variables of emotions and appraisals. Daily emotions and daily appraisals were assessed using items adapted from existing measures. Multi-level modelling was used to test the hypotheses. As predicted, the within-person variability in emotional states accounted for between 41% (for pride) and 70% (for anxiety) of total variability in the emotional states. Also as hypothesized, the appraisals were generally associated with the emotions. The within-student variability in emotions and appraisals clearly demonstrates the adaptability of students with respect to situational affordances and constraints in their everyday classroom experiences. The significant covariations between the appraisals and emotions suggest that within-student variability in emotions is systematic.

Use of a journal club and letter-writing exercise to teach critical appraisal to medical undergraduates.

PubMed

Edwards, R; White, M; Gray, J; Fischbacher, C

2001-07-01

There is growing interest in methods of teaching critical appraisal skills at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. We describe an approach using a journal club and subsequent letter writing to teach critical appraisal and writing skills to medical undergraduates. The exercise occurs during a 3-week public health medicine attachment in the third year of the undergraduate curriculum. Students work in small groups to appraise a recently published research paper, present their findings to their peers in a journal club, and draft a letter to the journal editor. Evaluation took place through: informal and formal feedback from students; number of letters written, submitted and published, and a comparison of marks obtained by students submitting a literature review assignment with and without critical appraisal teaching during the public health attachment. Feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive. In the first 3(1/2) years, 26 letters have been published or accepted for publication, and 58 letters published on the Internet. There were no significant differences in overall marks or marks for the critical appraisal component of the literature review assignments between the two student groups. We believe our approach is an innovative and enjoyable method for teaching critical appraisal and writing skills to medical students. Lack of difference in marks in the literature review between the student groups may reflect its insensitivity as an outcome measure, contamination by other critical appraisal teaching, or true ineffectiveness.

The role of attainment value, academic self-efficacy, and message frame in the appraisal of value-promoting messages.

PubMed

Symes, Wendy; Putwain, David W

2016-09-01

Prior to high-stakes examinations, teachers may use value-promoting messages (VPMs) to communicate to students the value and importance of their forthcoming examinations in the hope that they will adopt adaptive learning and study behaviours. These messages can focus on achieving success (gain-framed) or avoiding failure (loss-framed). This study examined how secondary school students appraised hypothetical gain- and loss-framed VPMs, and how these appraisals differed according to self-reported levels of attainment value (AV) and academic self-efficacy (ASE). In total, 539 secondary school students (284 male, 255 female, mean age 14.8 years) were participated in this study. Participants completed self-report measures of AV and ASE and appraised hypothetical VPMs as challenging, threatening, or irrelevant (disregard). Participants were randomly assigned to a gain- or loss-framed condition. A challenge appraisal was greater in students with higher AV and ASE. A threat appraisal was greater in students with higher AV and lower ASE. A disregard appraisal was higher in students with lower AV. Message frame did not interact with AV or ASE in the appraisal of VPMs as challenging, threatening, or irrelevant. Educational practitioners should consider the characteristics of their students before using VPMs. In particular, they may not be effective for students high in AV and low in ASE. They are likely to be ineffective for students low in AV. © 2016 The British Psychological Society.

32 CFR 644.42 - Appraisal report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... designed, dates of original construction and/or additions; include, for privately owned property, a ten... to show how they indicate the value of the land being appraised. 13. VALUE ESTIMATE BY COMPARATIVE... MAP. (Within the city or area) 19. COMPARATIVE MAP DATA. Show geographic location of the appraised...

32 CFR 644.42 - Appraisal report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... designed, dates of original construction and/or additions; include, for privately owned property, a ten... to show how they indicate the value of the land being appraised. 13. VALUE ESTIMATE BY COMPARATIVE... MAP. (Within the city or area) 19. COMPARATIVE MAP DATA. Show geographic location of the appraised...

32 CFR 644.42 - Appraisal report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... designed, dates of original construction and/or additions; include, for privately owned property, a ten... to show how they indicate the value of the land being appraised. 13. VALUE ESTIMATE BY COMPARATIVE... MAP. (Within the city or area) 19. COMPARATIVE MAP DATA. Show geographic location of the appraised...

32 CFR 644.42 - Appraisal report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... designed, dates of original construction and/or additions; include, for privately owned property, a ten... to show how they indicate the value of the land being appraised. 13. VALUE ESTIMATE BY COMPARATIVE... MAP. (Within the city or area) 19. COMPARATIVE MAP DATA. Show geographic location of the appraised...

32 CFR 644.42 - Appraisal report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... designed, dates of original construction and/or additions; include, for privately owned property, a ten... to show how they indicate the value of the land being appraised. 13. VALUE ESTIMATE BY COMPARATIVE... MAP. (Within the city or area) 19. COMPARATIVE MAP DATA. Show geographic location of the appraised...

12 CFR 614.4240 - Collateral definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and impartially prepared by a qualified appraiser setting forth an opinion as to the market value of... the laws of Illinois, in order to enhance the quality of professional appraisals. (d) Appraisal... establishes an indicated value by measuring the current market cost to construct a reproduction of or...

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Disability Application Appraisal Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayer, Nina A.; Spoont, Michele; Nelson, David B.; Nugent, Sean

2004-01-01

This article describes the development and psychometric properties of an inventory to assess cognitive appraisal of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability application process, the Disability Application Appraisal Inventory (DAAI). Participants were 439 veterans seeking disability status for posttraumatic stress disorder through the VA…

7 CFR 761.7 - Appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... applicable Agency loan making or servicing requirements; and (ii) Market values have remained stable since... made in connection with the making and servicing of direct FLP and Non-program loans; and (2) Appraisal reviews conducted on appraisals made in connection with the making and servicing of direct and guaranteed...

77 FR 52721 - Appraisal Subcommittee; Proposed Policy Statements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-30

... a more lenient or more open door policy; however, States cannot impose additional impediments to...: (1) A roster listing individuals who have received a State certification or license in accordance... results in appraisers being listed as inactive, the ASC will not change those appraisers back to active...

Appraisals of Negative Events by Preadolescent Children of Divorce.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheets, Virgil; And Others

1996-01-01

Investigated children's appraisals of the significance of negative events. Subjects were 256 preadolescent children of divorced parents. Cross-sectional structural equation models found significant paths between negative appraisal and psychological symptoms, over and above the direct effects of the traditional life event measure of stress. (MDM)

Administrators' and Faculty Members' Perceptions of the Performance Appraisal Interview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, Earl E.

An exploratory study examined how administrators (department heads/chairs) perceive faculty members, as well as themselves, in the performance appraisal interview. Subjects, 450 faculty members and 200 administrators at a midwestern university, answered an Appraisal Interview Questionnaire in which they rated administrator performance, content and…

19 CFR 152.108 - Unacceptable bases of appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Unacceptable bases of appraisement. 152.108 Section 152.108 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... Merchandise § 152.108 Unacceptable bases of appraisement. For the purposes of this subpart, imported...

19 CFR 152.108 - Unacceptable bases of appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Unacceptable bases of appraisement. 152.108 Section 152.108 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... Merchandise § 152.108 Unacceptable bases of appraisement. For the purposes of this subpart, imported...

19 CFR 152.108 - Unacceptable bases of appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Unacceptable bases of appraisement. 152.108 Section 152.108 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... Merchandise § 152.108 Unacceptable bases of appraisement. For the purposes of this subpart, imported...

Tennessee Extension Agents' Perceptions of Performance Appraisal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donaldson, Joseph L.; French, Russell L.

2013-01-01

Performance appraisal is necessary for summative decisions about employees, such as merit pay and promotion. The research reported here describes Extension agent perceptions of their performance appraisal system. The population studied consisted of all Tennessee Extension agents (N = 312). Surveys were completed by 218 respondents, for a completed…

12 CFR 564.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 564.2 Section 564.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY APPRAISALS § 564.2 Definitions. (a) Appraisal means a written statement independently and impartially prepared by a qualified appraiser setting...

19 CFR 152.108 - Unacceptable bases of appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unacceptable bases of appraisement. 152.108 Section 152.108 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... Merchandise § 152.108 Unacceptable bases of appraisement. For the purposes of this subpart, imported...

The Potential of "Function" as an Archival Descriptor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaudron, Gerald

2008-01-01

Functional analysis has been incorporated widely into appraisal methods for decades. These methods, from documentation strategy to macroappraisal, are discussed, and the usefulness and limitations of functional analysis in appraisal are examined. Yet, while archival thinkers have focused on function in appraisal, little has been written on…

Managing Performance to Change Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denisi, Angelo S.

2011-01-01

Performance appraisal systems are often considered primarily in their role as criterion measures for validation studies. Even when they are considered in other organizational roles, there has traditionally been a strong focus on improving the accuracy of the appraisals. The present article argues that the proper focus of performance appraisal is…

Moral Appraisals Affect Doing/Allowing Judgments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cushman, Fiery; Knobe, Joshua; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter

2008-01-01

An extensive body of research suggests that the distinction between doing and allowing plays a critical role in shaping moral appraisals. Here, we report evidence from a pair of experiments suggesting that the converse is also true: moral appraisals affect doing/allowing judgments. Specifically, morally bad behavior is more likely to be construed…

Due Process in Appraisal: A Quasi-Experiment in Procedural Justice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, M. Susan; And Others

1995-01-01

Extended research on procedural justice by examining effects of a due-process performance-appraisal system on (government) employees' and managers' reactions. Employee-management pairs were randomly assigned to either a due-process appraisal system or the existing one. Although due-process employees received lower evaluations, both employees and…

7 CFR 3015.56 - Appraisal of real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appraisal of real property. 3015.56 Section 3015.56 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNIFORM FEDERAL ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS Cost-Sharing or Matching § 3015.56 Appraisal...

9 CFR 52.3 - Appraisal of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... § 52.3 Appraisal of swine. (a) Herds of swine and individual breeding sows to be destroyed because they... determined by the meat or breeding value of the animals. Animals may be appraised in groups, provided that...

9 CFR 52.3 - Appraisal of swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... § 52.3 Appraisal of swine. (a) Herds of swine and individual breeding sows to be destroyed because they... determined by the meat or breeding value of the animals. Animals may be appraised in groups, provided that...

A Composite Model for Employees' Performance Appraisal and Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manoharan, T. R.; Muralidharan, C.; Deshmukh, S. G.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative method of performance appraisal that will be useful for designing a structured training programme. Design/methodology/approach: Employees' performance appraisals are conducted using new approaches, namely data envelopment analysis and an integrated fuzzy model. Interpretive structural…

43 CFR 404.11 - What type of assistance is available under the program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Program, you may: (a) Request Reclamation to conduct an appraisal investigation or feasibility study for a... cooperative agreement to enable you to conduct an appraisal investigation or feasibility study for a rural... an appraisal investigation or feasibility study completed without assistance from Reclamation. ...

77 FR 50514 - Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

...] Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal Throughout the... Administration (FDA) is announcing the following public workshop entitled ``Post-Approval Studies 2012 Workshop: Design, Methodology, and Role in Evidence Appraisal Throughout the Total Product Life Cycle.'' The topics...

Communicating with Faculty Using a Diagnostic Performance Appraisal Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibson, Ken

In spite of the many teacher evaluation models available and the extensive research on performance appraisal, few community colleges have effectively come to terms with this difficult task. Many administrators prefer to avoid the interpersonal conflict and the possible legal ramifications of performance appraisal. However, in times of limited…

42 CFR 24.7 - Performance appraisal system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Performance appraisal system. 24.7 Section 24.7 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.7 Performance appraisal system. The members of the Service shall be subject to a...

42 CFR 24.7 - Performance appraisal system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Performance appraisal system. 24.7 Section 24.7 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.7 Performance appraisal system. The members of the Service shall be subject to a...

42 CFR 24.7 - Performance appraisal system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Performance appraisal system. 24.7 Section 24.7 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.7 Performance appraisal system. The members of the Service shall be subject to a...

42 CFR 24.7 - Performance appraisal system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Performance appraisal system. 24.7 Section 24.7 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.7 Performance appraisal system. The members of the Service shall be subject to a...

42 CFR 24.7 - Performance appraisal system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Performance appraisal system. 24.7 Section 24.7 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.7 Performance appraisal system. The members of the Service shall be subject to a...

Cognitive Appraisal of Dissertation Stress among Undergraduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devonport, Tracey J.; Lane, Andrew M.

2006-01-01

The present study examined changes in primary and secondary appraisal, and coping strategies utilized in the final weeks leading to dissertation submission. Sixty volunteer Sports Studies dissertation students (male: n = 29; female: n = 31) completed an adapted Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale (CAHS: Kessler, 1998), and Brief COPE (Carver,…

12 CFR 722.5 - Appraiser independence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... appraiser engaged directly by another financial services institution; if: (i) The appraiser has no direct or... interest, financial or otherwise, in the property. If the only qualified persons available to perform an... the credit union or its agent and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the...

5 CFR 430.204 - Agency performance appraisal system(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Other Employees § 430.204 Agency performance appraisal system(s). (a) Each agency as defined at section... employees covered by this subpart. (b) An agency appraisal system shall establish agencywide policies and... covered by the system. At a minimum, an agency system shall— (1) Provide for— (i) Establishing employee...

5 CFR 430.204 - Agency performance appraisal system(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Other Employees § 430.204 Agency performance appraisal system(s). (a) Each agency as defined at section... employees covered by this subpart. (b) An agency appraisal system shall establish agencywide policies and... covered by the system. At a minimum, an agency system shall— (1) Provide for— (i) Establishing employee...

5 CFR 430.204 - Agency performance appraisal system(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Other Employees § 430.204 Agency performance appraisal system(s). (a) Each agency as defined at section... employees covered by this subpart. (b) An agency appraisal system shall establish agencywide policies and... covered by the system. At a minimum, an agency system shall— (1) Provide for— (i) Establishing employee...

5 CFR 430.204 - Agency performance appraisal system(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Other Employees § 430.204 Agency performance appraisal system(s). (a) Each agency as defined at section... employees covered by this subpart. (b) An agency appraisal system shall establish agencywide policies and... covered by the system. At a minimum, an agency system shall— (1) Provide for— (i) Establishing employee...

43 CFR 426.13 - Excess land appraisals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Excess land appraisals. 426.13 Section 426.13 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.13 Excess land appraisals. (a) When does...

How to Assess Transformative Performance towards Sustainable Development in Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mader, Clemens

2012-01-01

This article highlights the role of sustainability appraisal for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Traditional HEI appraisal systems lack a way to assess the integration of sustainability principles reflecting societal needs with the consequences of research, education and management of HEIs. Two appraisal systems are discussed. The Austrian…

76 FR 72306 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Appraiser Roster: Appraiser Qualifications for Placement on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-23

... Appraiser Roster regulations by replacing the obsolete references to the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System (CAIVRS) with references to its successor, the online-based Credit Alert Verification... propose the elimination references to the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System (CAIVRS). On July...

76 FR 41441 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Appraiser Roster: Appraiser Qualifications for Placement on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-14

... the FHA Appraiser Roster by replacing the obsolete references to the Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System with references to its successor, the online-based Credit Alert Verification Reporting...'s Limited Denial of Participation list, or in HUD's Credit Alert Interactive Voice Response System...

Maladaptive Self-Appraisals before Trauma Exposure Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, Richard A.; Guthrie, Rachel M.

2007-01-01

This study tested the proposal that negative appraisals represent a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma. Trainee firefighters (N = 68) were assessed during training (before trauma exposure) for PTSD, history of traumatic events, and tendency to engage in negative appraisals. Firefighters were reassessed 4…

42 CFR 35.32 - Board of appraisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Board of appraisers. 35.32 Section 35.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICAL CARE AND EXAMINATIONS HOSPITAL AND STATION MANAGEMENT Disposition of Articles Produced by Patients § 35.32 Board of appraisers...

42 CFR 35.32 - Board of appraisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Board of appraisers. 35.32 Section 35.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICAL CARE AND EXAMINATIONS HOSPITAL AND STATION MANAGEMENT Disposition of Articles Produced by Patients § 35.32 Board of appraisers...

42 CFR 35.32 - Board of appraisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Board of appraisers. 35.32 Section 35.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICAL CARE AND EXAMINATIONS HOSPITAL AND STATION MANAGEMENT Disposition of Articles Produced by Patients § 35.32 Board of appraisers...

42 CFR 35.32 - Board of appraisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Board of appraisers. 35.32 Section 35.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICAL CARE AND EXAMINATIONS HOSPITAL AND STATION MANAGEMENT Disposition of Articles Produced by Patients § 35.32 Board of appraisers...

42 CFR 35.32 - Board of appraisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Board of appraisers. 35.32 Section 35.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICAL CARE AND EXAMINATIONS HOSPITAL AND STATION MANAGEMENT Disposition of Articles Produced by Patients § 35.32 Board of appraisers...

Principals' Informal Methods for Appraising Poor-Performing Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yariv, Eliezer

2009-01-01

Teacher appraisal is never an easy task, especially of teachers experiencing difficulties and failures. Nevertheless it is a requirement for good management, in our schools no less than our corporations. Forty elementary school principals in Israel described the informal methods they use to appraise teachers who are performing poorly. Most…

7 CFR 3560.753 - Agency appraisal standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Description of the subject property; (v) Description of existing and planned improvements; (vi) A highest and... of appraisal reports, based upon the complexity of the appraisal assignment. (i) A self-contained... the subject property as improved, if improvements have been made. If the highest and best use of a...

7 CFR 3560.753 - Agency appraisal standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Description of the subject property; (v) Description of existing and planned improvements; (vi) A highest and... of appraisal reports, based upon the complexity of the appraisal assignment. (i) A self-contained... the subject property as improved, if improvements have been made. If the highest and best use of a...

7 CFR 3560.753 - Agency appraisal standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Description of the subject property; (v) Description of existing and planned improvements; (vi) A highest and... of appraisal reports, based upon the complexity of the appraisal assignment. (i) A self-contained... the subject property as improved, if improvements have been made. If the highest and best use of a...

7 CFR 3560.753 - Agency appraisal standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Description of the subject property; (v) Description of existing and planned improvements; (vi) A highest and... of appraisal reports, based upon the complexity of the appraisal assignment. (i) A self-contained... the subject property as improved, if improvements have been made. If the highest and best use of a...

7 CFR 3560.753 - Agency appraisal standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Description of the subject property; (v) Description of existing and planned improvements; (vi) A highest and... of appraisal reports, based upon the complexity of the appraisal assignment. (i) A self-contained... the subject property as improved, if improvements have been made. If the highest and best use of a...

77 FR 54721 - Appraisals for Higher-Risk Mortgage Loans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... requirements of the regulation. See 12 CFR parts 226, Supp. I, and 1026, Supp. I. \\1\\ For motor vehicle dealers... than a licensed appraiser. Further, the proposed rule does not specify competency standards. In... experience, knowledge, and educational background to determine the individual's competency to appraise a...

Identity negotiation in roommate relationships: the self as architect and consequence of social reality.

PubMed

McNulty, S E; Swann, W B

1994-12-01

The authors report two longitudinal studies of new college roommates (Ns = 69 and 95 pairs). In both studies, targets' initial self-views predicted changes in perceivers' appraisals of them, and perceivers' initial appraisals predicted changes in targets' self-views, although few dyads displayed both effects. The perceiver-driven and target-driven effects occurred when appraisals and self-views were negative as well as positive. Implications for self-verification theory and symbolic interactionism are discussed, and a less restrictive model of how appraisals influence self-views is proposed.

An Appraisal of Performance Appraisal Summary Results of a Large Scale Study.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-01

subordinate to M 6 28 66 put in more effort S 9 28 62 Mutual planning of future M 22 22 58 work goas S 9 29 62 M = PerrcenLtage of manager resposes S...some), subordinates believe it forms a larger Both managors and stibordinates agree that self -appraisal is not a frequontly used basis of evaluation...made M=2.0 S=3.0 1 Self -appraisal completed before the interview M=2.5 S=2.4 -20- 𔃻________________ SECTION 4 EVALUATI NG PERFORMANCE APPRA I SAL

Appraising Qualitative Research in Health Education: Guidelines for Public Health Educators

PubMed Central

Jeanfreau, Scharalda G.; Jack, Leonard

2010-01-01

Research studies, including qualitative studies, form the basis for evidence-based practice among health professionals. However, many practicing health educators do not feel fully confident in their ability to critically appraise qualitative research studies. This publication presents an overview of qualitative research approaches, defines key terminology used in qualitative research, and provides guidelines for appraising the strengths and weaknesses of published qualitative research. On reading, health educators will be better equipped to evaluate the quality of the evidence through critical appraisals of qualitative research publications. PMID:20817630

Clustering of worry appraisals among college students.

PubMed

Schwab, Nicholas G; Cullum, Jerry C; Harton, Helen C

2016-01-01

The present study investigated the potential clustering of worry appraisals within college social networks. Participants living in campus residence buildings responded to online surveys across the course of several months. Worry appraisals were measured 10 weeks into the fall semester and again approximately 6 months later. Analysis of sociometric data suggests that the majority of participants' social interactions occurred within their respective residence building floors, indicating that proximity strongly influenced the development of social network ties and sources of social influence. Further, significant clustering of worry appraisals occurred across time, and more importantly, within residence building floors. The present findings compliment previous work suggesting that several physical and psychological states appear to spread and cluster within social networks. Implications for the study of emotional appraisals and future research are discussed.

A prospective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment.

PubMed

Grych, John H; Harold, Gordon T; Miles, Claire J

2003-01-01

This longitudinal study tested the role of children's appraisals of threat and self-blame as mediators of the association between interparental conflict and child adjustment in a sample of 298 Welsh children ages 11 to 12 years. Exposure to higher levels of interparental conflict at Time 1 predicted greater perceived threat and self-blame at Time 2, after accounting for the effects of Time 1 adjustment and appraisals on later appraisals. Perceived threat in turn was associated with increased internalizing problems at Tune 2, and self-blame was associated with higher externalizing problems. The pattern of results was largely consistent for child and parent reports of conflict and for boys and girls, though some gender differences were found in associations between appraisals and adjustment.

Neural and Behavioral Responses During Self-Evaluative Processes Differ in Youth With and Without Autism

PubMed Central

Merchant, Junaid S.; Colich, Natalie L.; Hernandez, Leanna M.; Rudie, Jeff D.; Dapretto, Mirella

2012-01-01

This fMRI study investigated neural responses while making appraisals of self and other, across the social and academic domains, in children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Compared to neurotypical youth, those with ASD exhibited hypoactivation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex during self-appraisals. Responses in middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and anterior insula (AI) also distinguished between groups. Stronger activity in MCC and AI during self-appraisals was associated with better social functioning in the ASD group. Although self-appraisals were significantly more positive in the neurotypical group, positivity was unrelated to brain activity in these regions. Together, these results suggest that multiple brain regions support making self-appraisals in neurotypical development, and function atypically in youth with ASD. PMID:22760337

Personal resources, appraisal, and coping in the adaptation process of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union.

PubMed

Yakhnich, Liat; Ben-Zur, Hasida

2008-04-01

Between 1989 and 2005, Israel absorbed over a million new immigrants, about 90% of whom were from the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The present study investigated the adaptation of these FSU new immigrants in a sample of 301 participants (67% women, ages 25-45 years), who completed inventories measuring personal resources (tolerance of ambiguity and cognitive flexibility), cognitive appraisals (of employment, language, and housing problems), coping strategies, well-being, distress, and willingness to remain in Israel. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that tolerance for ambiguity and cognitive flexibility contributed positively to control appraisals, task-oriented coping, and level of participant well-being, and negatively to threat/loss appraisals, emotion/avoidance-oriented coping, and distress. Control appraisals contributed to task-oriented coping, whereas threat/loss appraisals contributed to both emotion/avoidance-oriented and task-oriented coping. Control and challenge appraisals, and task-oriented coping, contributed positively to participant willingness to remain in Israel, whereas emotion/avoidance-oriented coping contributed positively to distress levels, which in turn were negatively related to willingness to remain in Israel. The results of this study have significant implications for such aspects of immigrant adaptation as absorption policies and the provision of individual care by professionals and organizations. Copyright 2008 APA, all rights reserved.

How to design the cost-effectiveness appraisal process of new healthcare technologies to maximise population health: A conceptual framework.

PubMed

Johannesen, Kasper M; Claxton, Karl; Sculpher, Mark J; Wailoo, Allan J

2018-02-01

This paper presents a conceptual framework to analyse the design of the cost-effectiveness appraisal process of new healthcare technologies. The framework characterises the appraisal processes as a diagnostic test aimed at identifying cost-effective (true positive) and non-cost-effective (true negative) technologies. Using the framework, factors that influence the value of operating an appraisal process, in terms of net gain to population health, are identified. The framework is used to gain insight into current policy questions including (a) how rigorous the process should be, (b) who should have the burden of proof, and (c) how optimal design changes when allowing for appeals, price reductions, resubmissions, and re-evaluations. The paper demonstrates that there is no one optimal appraisal process and the process should be adapted over time and to the specific technology under assessment. Optimal design depends on country-specific features of (future) technologies, for example, effect, price, and size of the patient population, which might explain the difference in appraisal processes across countries. It is shown that burden of proof should be placed on the producers and that the impact of price reductions and patient access schemes on the producer's price setting should be considered when designing the appraisal process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Anosognosia in mild cognitive impairment: Relationship to activation of cortical midline structures involved in self-appraisal

PubMed Central

Ries, Michele L.; Jabbar, Britta M.; Schmitz, Taylor W.; Trivedi, Mehul A.; Gleason, Carey E.; Carlsson, Cynthia M.; Rowley, Howard A.; Asthana, Sanjay; Johnson, Sterling C.

2009-01-01

Awareness of cognitive dysfunction shown by individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a condition conferring risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is variable. Anosognosia, or unawareness of loss of function, is beginning to be recognized as an important clinical symptom of MCI. However, little is known about the brain substrates underlying this symptom. We hypothesized that MCI participants’ activation of cortical midline structures (CMS) during self-appraisal would covary with level of insight into cognitive difficulties (indexed by a discrepancy score between patient and informant ratings of cognitive decline in each MCI participant). To address this hypothesis, we first compared 16 MCI participants and 16 age-matched controls, examining brain regions showing conjoint or differential BOLD response during self-appraisal. Second, we used regression to investigate the relationship between awareness of deficit in MCI and BOLD activity during self-appraisal, controlling for extent of memory impairment. Between-group comparisons indicated that MCI participants show subtly attenuated CMS activity during self-appraisal. Regression analysis revealed a highly-significant relationship between BOLD response during self-appraisal and self-awareness of deficit in MCI. This finding highlights the level of anosognosia in MCI as an important predictor of response to self-appraisal in cortical midline structures, brain regions vulnerable to changes in early AD. PMID:17445294

Personality characteristics and cognitive appraisals associated with self-discrepancy after severe traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Beadle, Elizabeth Jane; Ownsworth, Tamara; Fleming, Jennifer; Shum, David H K

2018-05-09

Although changes to self-identity or self-discrepancy are common after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the influence of personality characteristics and cognitive appraisals on self-discrepancy. Participants were 51 adults (74% male) with severe TBI (M age = 36.22 years; SD = 12.65) who were on average 34 months (SD = 40.29) post-injury. They completed self-report measures of personality style (optimism and defensiveness), cognitive appraisals (threat appraisals, rumination and reflection and perceived coping resources), and self-discrepancy (Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale - III). Correlation analyses identified that higher levels of optimism, defensiveness and perceived coping resources were significantly associated with more positive self-discrepancy (r = .29-.47, p < .05), whereas higher threat appraisals and rumination were significantly related to more negative self-discrepancy (r = -.50-.57, p < .001). After controlling for personality characteristics, cognitive appraisals significantly accounted for self-discrepancy (R 2 change = .15). Moreover, rumination significantly mediated the relationship between optimism and self-discrepancy. In summary, cognitive appraisals were found to be related to self-discrepancy, independent of personality characteristics. Rumination in particular may be an important target of psychological intervention for individuals experiencing negative self-discrepancy.

Sources of Life Strengths Appraisal Scale: A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Older Adults' Perceived Sources of Life Strengths

PubMed Central

Fry, Prem S.; Debats, Dominique L.

2014-01-01

Both cognitive and psychosocial theories of adult development stress the fundamental role of older adults' appraisals of the diverse sources of cognitive and social-emotional strengths. This study reports the development of a new self-appraisal measure that incorporates key theoretical dimensions of internal and external sources of life strengths, as identified in the gerontological literature. Using a pilot study sample and three other independent samples to examine older adults' appraisals of their sources of life strengths which helped them in their daily functioning and to combat life challenges, adversity, and losses, a psychometric instrument having appropriate reliability and validity properties was developed. A 24-month followup of a randomly selected sample confirmed that the nine-scale appraisal measure (SLSAS) is a promising instrument for appraising older adults' sources of life strengths in dealing with stresses of daily life's functioning and also a robust measure for predicting outcomes of resilience, autonomy, and well-being for this age group. A unique strength of the appraisal instrument is its critically relevant features of brevity, simplicity of language, and ease of administration to frail older adults. Dedicated to the memory of Shanta Khurana whose assistance in the pilot work for the study was invaluable PMID:24772352

Contextual or general stress outcomes: making choices through caregiving appraisals.

PubMed

Braithwaite, V

2000-12-01

This study contributes to the debate on general versus contextual measures of caregiver well-being through examining the differential relationships of caregiving appraisals to outcomes. Six dimensions of caregiving appraisal were examined as predictors of minor psychiatric symptoms, affect balance, and burden. Burden was high, symptoms were high, and affect was poor when caregivers held appraisals that reflected (a) low personal resiliency and (b) a conflict-ridden and dysfunctional relationship with the care receiver. When caregivers reported expending (c) considerable energy in maintaining their social networks, burden was also high, with some risk of symptoms, but affect was positive. The fourth appraisal, (d) a close loving caregiver-care receiver relationship, was positively correlated with general well-being, but was not related to burden. The fifth appraisal, (e) dealing with a heavy workload in providing care, was linked with poor affect, but neither symptoms nor burden. Finally, (f) caring at a distance was related to burden, but not to the general outcome measures. These findings suggest that the foci of research questions might be usefully located within an appraisal framework, and that this framework might then provide guidance for the choice of appropriate outcome variables. In many cases, however, a deeper understanding ensues from assessing both contextual and general well-being.

Discrepancies in parental and self-appraisals of prosocial characteristics predict emotional problems in adolescents.

PubMed

Taylor, Peter J; Wood, Alex M

2013-09-01

Parental appraisals of an adolescent may have an effect upon the adolescent's well-being and likelihood of emotional problems. However, the impact of these parental appraisals is likely to be partly determined by the young person's self-appraisal. It was predicted that a discrepancy in self- and parent appraisals of positive, prosocial qualities would be associated with an increased risk of emotional problems. The study employed a cross-sectional design within a large sample of adolescent and caregiver dyads (N = 3,976, aged 11-17 years), drawn from the 'Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004' survey. Two separate measures of prosociality were used to ensure that effects were not specific to one measure. The analysis explored the discrepancy in parent and self-ratings on these measures via interactions within a logistic regression framework. Potential confounds, including gender, parental mental health, conduct and hyperkinetic problems were controlled for in the analysis. The logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant interactions between self- and parent ratings of prosocial qualities in predicting the odds of emotional disorder (i.e., depression and anxiety). This effect occurred across both measures of prosocial qualities whilst controlling for confounds. The pattern of the interactions suggested that low parental appraisals had a more detrimental effect on well-being when self-appraisals were highly positive. The results suggest that moderately high self-appraised positive traits may carry a cost of leaving young people more vulnerable to discrepant, negative parental appraisals. This has important implications for the meaning attributed to self-appraised positive traits in clinical contexts. Clinicians should be aware that the association between parental perceptions of a child's prosociality and emotional disorder may be influenced by the adolescents' self-perceptions. Clinicians should therefore endeavour to assess both parental and adolescent appraisals. Discrepancies may be clinically meaningful, in terms of the risk of emotional problems, rather than simply being a nuisance. This study is cross-sectional, so although discrepancies may be linked to risk of emotional problems, the direction of this effect requires elucidation. The current study only focusses on the parent-adolescent dynamic and so may not extend to discrepancy effects in other areas of positive functioning or in other relational contexts. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

A New Appraisal- Lessons from the History of Efforts to Value Green and High-Performance Home Attributes in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mills, Evan

Rigorous consideration of green and high-performance (“green/HP”) features is rarely included in the property valuation process._ To help illuminate why this is the case, this report takes stock of the history of efforts to improve practices, and identifies barriers that have emerged and opportunities for overcoming them. Particular emphasis is placed on what energy and environmental policymakers and other stakeholders outside the appraisal community can contribute to the broader effort to advance professional practices. The history has unfolded in parallel with turbulent periods in the housing market for which appraisers and their customers are deemed to share responsibility, followed bymore » cycles of regulations, siloing of appraisers in the name of professional integrity, and commoditization of the valuation process itself. This pattern has important ramifications for aspirations that appraisers engage more fully in identifying and valuing the green/HP characteristics of homes. On the one hand, it is legally and ethically incumbent on appraisers to do so, yet on the other hand it is perceived as a risky avenue to follow. Risks arise where findings can be challenged as either over- or under-stating value, together with a market environment in which the complexity of their assignments increases despite downward pressure on appraiser fees. While efforts to address green/HP considerations date back to the early 1980s, the vast majority of activity has taken place within the past five years. Many players have engaged in the efforts to promote improved valuation practices. These include the Appraisal Foundation, The Appraisal Institute, Colorado Energy Office, Earth Advantage, EcoBroker, Elevate Energy, Fannie Mae, Federal Housing Administration, Home Innovation Research Labs, The Institute for Market Transformation, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, National Association of Homebuilders, National Association of State Energy Officials, National Association of Appraisers, RESNET, USEPA, USDOE and its National Laboratories, the U.S. Green Buildings Council, and the Vermont Green Homes Alliance. Many activities have resulted, ranging from trainings, to data-gathering instruments, and the emergence of a literature attempting to statistically isolate the effects of green/HP characteristics on home values. In some cases, the results of studies have been overgeneralized and oversold, and embodied flawed methods. Although the green/HP community has encouraged appraisers to focus on exemplary buildings (e.g., LEED or ENERGY STAR Certified), any level of green or energy performance can in fact influence value, including below-average performance (a.k.a. “brown discount”), irrespective of whether or not the building has been formally rated. This overly narrow focus represents a significant missed opportunity. Other surmountable challenges include limitations to non-appraisers’ understanding of the appraisal process (and practical constraints therein). A byproduct of this can be unrealistic expectations of what appraisers can and will do in the marketplace. These challenges notwithstanding, the environment for moving forward has improved. There is better data today (a critical need); expanded efforts to disclose energy use information (characteristics, consumption, bills); improved and more pervasive building energy codes, building rating and labeling initiatives; and a host of federal, state, and local policies that have collectively brought green/HP practices much more into the mainstream. Meanwhile, a renewed focus on professional standards of care and competency for assessing green/HP homes make it increasingly important for appraisers to consider these factors in their assignments. Despite the past four decades of studies, there is little if any discernible uptake of these practices by the appraisal practice at large. It would behoove interested parties to step back and consider what new strategies might be productive. A key element of any new plan should be to reset the nature of interactions with the industry, with the goal a more collaborative, two-way discussion to help improve outsiders’ understanding of the valuation process. It is not only the appraiser that needs to be engaged and could benefit from awareness raising. Homeowners, builders, lenders, utilities, insurance companies should also provide input on how green/HP factors impact property valuations and ways to accurately reflect these considerations in appraisals and real estate transactions more broadly. Given extensive inertia within the appraisal industry and a mixed history of interactions with the non-appraisal stakeholders, it is unlikely that the status quo will achieve much unless followed with more coordinated and persistent efforts. Workshops, studies, and memoranda of understanding will not on their own have much impact, and do not address deeper structural issues. Expectations are often unrealistic and not attentive to real-world constraints faced by appraisers. The report identifies key barriers impeding more thorough consideration of green/HP factors in residential real estate appraisals, and solutions for mitigating them. Barriers • Although industry standards of practice caution against bias of any sort, a skeptical predisposition towards “green” is reinforced by information deficiencies. • Information deficiencies result from the lack or difficulty of obtaining usable data on green/HP features in subject properties as well as valid sales comparisons or cashflow analyses. • Competency deficiencies, such as lack of conversancy in relevant technical topics, leads to oversights, and disjointed treatment of relevant information. • Time/cost pressure and process commoditization (e.g., template-based approaches) result from highly constrained budgets, quick turn-around times expected of appraisers, and standardized practices that were not developed with green/HP considerations in mind. • Professional differences between appraisers and sustainability professionals include divergent objectives, the former being market observers and the latter market influencers. • Risk aversion arises from multiple concerns including veracity, accuracy, and persistence of energy data, impacts of operational choices, new sources of appraiser liability associated with green/HP assessments, industry pressures not to over-value buildings or suggestion of bias, and concern about spending non-billable time on complex assignments. • A public policy vacuum has been created by disjointed and uncoordinated efforts from public-sector stakeholders, insufficient efforts to discuss and understand the appraisal industry and process, and a perception by some valuation professionals that green/HP is oversold. Opportunities • Elevating the competency of appraisers can be achieved through a combination of improved industry standards of care and equal-access training and professional development offerings. • Development of better information resources must focus on building-level information that provides robust documentation as well as aggregate sales-comparison data and other contextual information such as local codes, typical upgrade costs, energy prices, etc. • Improved energy benchmarking and rating tools could provide appraisers with information more well-adapted to their particular needs, which differ from those of typical audiences such as energy managers. • Better characterizing and managing risk will enable appraisers to cope with uncertainties in performance information, and help identify where risks may be introduced or mitigated by green/HP features, including higher costs or obsolescence of poorly-performing buildings. • Integrating disaster resilience and sustainability in appraisals would recognize important synergisms among these features, including durability and ability of green/HP buildings to better withstand external hazards. • Mitigating the problem of additional time/cost for performing assignments is an essential need that can be addressed by providing easier access to information and analytic procedures, perhaps coupled with new resources to defray the associated costs. • Enhancing demand for improved appraisals is a fundamental need, and depends on owners, developers, lenders, and others soliciting competent appraisers to perform scopes that expressly call out green/HP considerations, and to critically review the work product for compliance before acceptance. • Engaging new market participants, such as energy utilities and insurance companies can ensure fuller representation and participation of market stakeholders already engaged in green/HP activities and capable of furnishing valuable data and managing associated risks. Cutting across these individual activities, there is a need for outside stakeholders to formulate and follow a roadmap instead of piecemeal initiatives, bridging the professional/cultural divide between appraisers and green/HP communities, and tracking progress in order to know what is working. A more coherent communication and training strategy is needed, as the appraisal industry is highly fragmented, with two-thirds of appraisers opting out of membership in trade associations. In sum, while there is no silver bullet for advancing the practice of valuing green/HP features, there are concrete opportunities. Parties seeking solutions must identify barriers they wish to address and select from among potential initiatives that map to those barriers. Close collaboration with the appraisal community is critical, as non-appraisers have historically obtained limited traction with this industry due to lack of understanding of the nuances involved in the valuation profession. Large organizations and agencies should have a united approach; the perception or reality of a fragmented and uncoordinated strategy is unsettling for prospective partners in the appraisal industry. This requires improved communication and education within and among these communities.« less

Computer supported collaborative learning in a clerkship: an exploratory study on the relation of discussion activity and revision of critical appraisal papers.

PubMed

Koops, Willem J M; van der Vleuten, Cees P M; de Leng, Bas A; Snoeckx, Luc H E H

2012-08-20

Medical students in clerkship are continuously confronted with real and relevant patient problems. To support clinical problem solving skills, students perform a Critical Appraisal of a Topic (CAT) task, often resulting in a paper. Because such a paper may contain errors, students could profit from discussion with peers, leading to paper revision. Active peer discussion by a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environment show positive medical students perceptions on subjective knowledge improvement. High students' activity during discussions in a CSCL environment demonstrated higher task-focussed discussion reflecting higher levels of knowledge construction. However, it remains unclear whether high discussion activity influences students' decisions revise their CAT paper. The aim of this research is to examine whether students who revise their critical appraisal papers after discussion in a CSCL environment show more task-focussed activity and discuss more intensively on critical appraisal topics than students who do not revise their papers. Forty-seven medical students, stratified in subgroups, participated in a structured asynchronous online discussion of individual written CAT papers on self-selected clinical problems. The discussion was structured by three critical appraisal topics. After the discussion, the students could revise their paper. For analysis purposes, all students' postings were blinded and analysed by the investigator, unaware of students characteristics and whether or not the paper was revised. Postings were counted and analysed by an independent rater, Postings were assigned into outside activity, non-task-focussed activity or task-focussed activity. Additionally, postings were assigned to one of the three critical appraisal topics. Analysis results were compared by revised and unrevised papers. Twenty-four papers (51.6%) were revised after the online discussion. The discussions of the revised papers showed significantly higher numbers of postings, more task-focussed activities, and more postings about the two critical appraisal topics: "appraisal of the selected article(s)", and "relevant conclusion regarding the clinical problem". A CSCL environment can support medical students in the execution and critical appraisal of authentic tasks in the clinical workplace. Revision of CAT papers appears to be related to discussions activity, more specifically reflecting high task-focussed activity of critical appraisal topics.

Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

PubMed

Paul, Sandra; Beucke, Jan C; Kaufmann, Christian; Mersov, Anna; Heinzel, Stephan; Kathmann, Norbert; Simon, Daniela

2018-04-06

Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit dysfunctional appraisal of disorder-relevant stimuli in patients, suggesting disturbances in the processes relying on amygdala-prefrontal connectivity. Recent neuroanatomical models add to the traditional view of dysfunction in corticostriatal circuits by proposing alterations in an affective circuit including amygdala-prefrontal connections. However, abnormalities in amygdala-prefrontal coupling during symptom provocation, and particularly during conditions that require stimulus appraisal, remain to be demonstrated directly. Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was examined in unmedicated OCD patients during appraisal (v. distraction) of symptom-provoking stimuli compared with an emotional control condition. Subsequent analyses tested whether hypothesized connectivity alterations could be also identified during passive viewing and the resting state in two independent samples. During symptom provocation, reductions in positive coupling between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex were observed in OCD patients relative to healthy control participants during appraisal and passive viewing of OCD-relevant stimuli, whereas abnormally high amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling was found when appraisal was distracted by a secondary task. In contrast, there were no group differences in amygdala connectivity at rest. Our finding of abnormal amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related (relative to generally aversive) stimuli is consistent with the involvement of affective circuits in the functional neuroanatomy of OCD. Aberrant connectivity can be assumed to impact stimulus appraisal and emotion regulation, but might also relate to fear extinction deficits, which have recently been described in OCD. Taken together, we propose to integrate abnormalities in amygdala-prefrontal coupling in affective models of OCD.

Understanding hope and factors that enhance hope in women with breast cancer.

PubMed

Ebright, Patricia R; Lyon, Brenda

2002-04-01

To examine the extent to which antecedent variables and appraisals differentiate levels of hope in women during treatment for breast cancer. Descriptive, correlational. Two large midwestern urban areas. 73 Caucasian women between the ages of 20-73 with first-time diagnosis of breast cancer; recruited through five physician offices; within three months after surgical intervention with planned chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or tamoxifen; and able to read English. Identical surveys mailed to participants 3 and 12 months after surgery. Instruments included Lazarus' Appraisal Components and Themes Scales, Herth Hope Index, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part 2, Helpfulness of Religious Beliefs Scale, and demographics questionnaire. Appraisal, hope, self-esteem, social support, and helpfulness of religious beliefs. Variables influencing appraisals during breast cancer treatment on both surveys were self-esteem and helpfulness of religious beliefs. Potential for coping appraisals and self-esteem contributed to variation in hope at both time points. Social support was a significant contributor to hope in the 12-month survey. Appraisal themes reflected challenge but not fear. Self-esteem and helpfulness of religious beliefs influence women's appraisals regarding the potential for coping; appraisals and antecedent variables relevant for differentiating hope are beliefs about the potential for coping, self-esteem, and social support. Care of women with breast cancer during the first year of treatment should include assessment of beliefs regarding the potential for coping. Results suggest that support for interventions related to self-esteem, social support, and helpfulness of religious beliefs increase confidence in coping abilities and hope.

Negative appraisals and fear extinction are independently related to PTSD symptoms.

PubMed

Zuj, Daniel V; Palmer, Matthew A; Gray, Kate E; Hsu, Chia-Ming K; Nicholson, Emma L; Malhi, Gin S; Bryant, Richard A; Felmingham, Kim L

2017-08-01

Considerable research has revealed impaired fear extinction to be a significant predictor of PTSD. Fear extinction is also considered the primary mechanism of exposure therapy, and a critical factor in PTSD recovery. The cognitive theory of PTSD proposes that symptoms persist due to excessive negative appraisals about the trauma and its sequelae. Research has not yet examined the relationship between fear extinction and negative appraisals in PTSD. A cross-sectional sample of participants with PTSD (n =21), and trauma-exposed controls (n =33) underwent a standardized differential fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, with skin conductance response (SCR) amplitude serving as the index of conditioned responses. The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) was used to index catastrophic negative appraisals. Participants with PTSD demonstrated a slower decrease in overall SCR responses during extinction and greater negative appraisals compared to the group. A moderation analysis revealed that both negative trauma-relevant appraisals and fear extinction learning were independently associated with PTSD symptoms, but there was no moderation interaction. The current study was limited by a modest sample size, leading to the inclusion of participants with subclinical PTSD symptoms. Further, the current study only assessed fear extinction learning; including a second day extinction recall task may show alternative effects. These findings indicate that negative appraisals and fear extinction did not interact, but had independent relationships with PTSD symptoms. Here we show for the first time in an experimental framework that negative appraisals and fear extinction play separate roles in PTSD symptoms. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Critical appraisal of nonrandomized studies-A review of recommended and commonly used tools.

PubMed

Quigley, Joan M; Thompson, Juliette C; Halfpenny, Nicholas J; Scott, David A

2018-02-27

When randomized controlled trial data are limited or unavailable, or to supplement randomized controlled trial evidence, health technology assessment (HTA) agencies may rely on systematic reviews of nonrandomized studies (NRSs) for evidence of the effectiveness of health care interventions. NRS designs may introduce considerable bias into systematic reviews, and several methodologies by which to evaluate this risk of bias are available. This study aimed to identify tools commonly used to assess bias in NRS and determine those recommended by HTA bodies. Appraisal tools used in NRS were identified through a targeted search of systematic reviews (January 2013-March 2017; MEDLINE and EMBASE [OVID SP]). Recommendations for the critical appraisal of NRS by expert review groups and HTA bodies were reviewed. From the 686 studies included in the narrative synthesis, 48 critical appraisal tools were identified. Commonly used tools included the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, the methodological index for NRS, and bespoke appraisal tools. Neither the Cochrane Handbook nor the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination recommends a particular instrument for the assessment of risk of bias in NRS, although Cochrane has recently developed their own NRS critical appraisal tool. Among HTA bodies, only the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health recommends use of a specific critical appraisal tool-SIGN 50 (for cohort or case-control studies). Several criteria including reporting, external validity, confounding, and power were examined. There is no consensus between HTA groups on the preferred appraisal tool. Reviewers should select from a suite of tools on the basis of the design of studies included in their review. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

What happens during annual appraisal interviews? How leader-follower interactions unfold and impact interview outcomes.

PubMed

Meinecke, Annika L; Lehmann-Willenbrock, Nale; Kauffeld, Simone

2017-07-01

Despite a wealth of research on antecedents and outcomes of annual appraisal interviews, the ingredients that make for a successful communication process within the interview itself remain unclear. This study takes a communication approach to highlight leader-follower dynamics in annual appraisal interviews. We integrate relational leadership theory and recent findings on leader-follower interactions to argue (a) how supervisors' task- and relation-oriented statements can elicit employee involvement during the interview process and (b) how these communication patterns affect both supervisors' and employees' perceptions of the interview. Moreover, we explore (c) how supervisor behavior is contingent upon employee contributions to the appraisal interview. We audiotaped 48 actual annual appraisal interviews between supervisors and their employees. Adopting a multimethod approach, we used quantitative interaction coding (N = 32,791 behavioral events) as well as qualitative open-axial coding to explore communication patterns among supervisors and their employees. Lag sequential analysis revealed that supervisors' relation-oriented statements triggered active employee contributions and vice versa. These relation-activation patterns were linked to higher interview success ratings by both supervisors and employees. Moreover, our qualitative findings highlight employee disagreement as a crucial form of active employee contributions during appraisal interviews. We distinguish what employees disagreed about, how the disagreement was enacted, and how supervisors responded to it. Overall employee disagreement was negatively related to ratings of supervisor support. We discuss theoretical implications for performance appraisal and leadership theory and derive practical recommendations for promoting employee involvement during appraisal interviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

How Adolescents Search for and Appraise Online Health Information: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Freeman, Jaimie L; Caldwell, Patrina H Y; Bennett, Patricia A; Scott, Karen M

2018-04-01

To conduct a systematic review of the evidence concerning whether and how adolescents search for online health information and the extent to which they appraise the credibility of information they retrieve. A systematic search of online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC) was performed. Reference lists of included papers were searched manually for additional articles. Included were studies on whether and how adolescents searched for and appraised online health information, where adolescent participants were aged 13-18 years. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. In line with the research questions, 2 key concepts were identified within the papers: whether and how adolescents search for online health information, and the extent to which adolescents appraise online health information. Four themes were identified regarding whether and how adolescents search for online health information: use of search engines, difficulties in selecting appropriate search strings, barriers to searching, and absence of searching. Four themes emerged concerning the extent to which adolescents appraise the credibility of online health information: evaluation based on Web site name and reputation, evaluation based on first impression of Web site, evaluation of Web site content, and absence of a sophisticated appraisal strategy. Adolescents are aware of the varying quality of online health information. Strategies used by individuals for searching and appraising online health information differ in their sophistication. It is important to develop resources to enhance search and appraisal skills and to collaborate with adolescents to ensure that such resources are appropriate for them. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimism, Symptom Distress, Illness Appraisal, and Coping in Patients With Advanced-Stage Cancer Diagnoses Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment.

PubMed

Sumpio, Catherine; Jeon, Sangchoon; Northouse, Laurel L; Knobf, M Tish

2017-05-01

To explore the relationships between optimism, self-efficacy, symptom distress, treatment complexity, illness appraisal, coping, and mood disturbance in patients with advanced-stage cancer.
. Cross-sectional study.
. Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven in Connecticut, an outpatient comprehensive cancer center.
. A convenience sample of 121 adult patients with stages III-IV cancer undergoing active chemotherapy.
. Participants completed common self-report questionnaires to measure variables. Treatment hours and visits were calculated from data retrieved from medical record review. Mediation and path analysis were conducted to identify direct and indirect pathways from the significant antecedent variables to mood disturbance.
. Dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, social support, treatment complexity, symptom distress, illness appraisal, coping, and mood disturbance.
. Greater optimism and self-efficacy were associated with less negative illness appraisal, less avoidant coping, and decreased mood disturbance. Conversely, greater symptom distress was associated with greater negative illness appraisal, greater avoidant coping, and greater mood disturbance. In the final model, optimism and symptom distress had direct and indirect effects on mood disturbance. Indirect effects were partially mediated by illness appraisal.
. Mood disturbance resulted from an interaction of disease stressors, personal resources, and cognitive appraisal of illness. Avoidant coping was associated with greater disturbed mood, but neither avoidant nor active coping had a significant effect on mood in the multivariate model. 
. Illness appraisal, coping style, and symptom distress are important targets for intervention. Optimism is a beneficial trait and should be included, along with coping style, in comprehensive nursing assessments of patients with cancer.

Cognitive appraisals and emotional status following a spinal cord injury in post-acute rehabilitation.

PubMed

Eaton, Rebecca; Jones, Kevin; Duff, Jane

2018-06-12

Retrospective, cross-sectional study. To investigate the factor structure of the ADAPSS-short form (ADAPSS-SF) in an acutely injured SCI population and to assess the relationship between cognitive appraisals made in the initial phase of rehabilitation and the experience of anxiety and depression. National Spinal Injuries Centre, UK. Participants were acutely injured patients admitted to the NSIC over 35 months. Cognitive appraisals were measured using the ADAPSS-SF; psychological distress was measured using the HADS. Individual profiles, including demographics and injury characteristics, were collected. Principle Component Analysis with oblique rotation demonstrated a coherent two-factor structure of the ADAPSS-SF: resilience and loss. Correlational analysis found that individuals who negatively appraised their injury were more likely to report lower mood. Findings identified four vulnerable subgroups that were more likely to negatively appraise their injury: females, individuals older at the time of SCI, individuals with AIS-A injuries and individuals whose SCI was acquired through assault. Hierarchical regression analysis reported that resilience and loss factors were significant predictors of depression. Gender, resilience and loss factors were significant predictors of anxiety. Cognitive appraisals accounted for more variance in mood above biological markers. Findings support a two-factor structure and validity of ADAPSS-SF in acute SCI rehabilitation. The study provides support for the role of cognitive appraisals in psychological adjustment in the early phases of rehabilitation, above injury characteristics. Findings highlighted the vulnerable subgroups that are more likely to initially endorse negative appraisals, which may influence clinical practice and provides an avenue for further research.

12 CFR 34.203 - Appraisals for higher-priced mortgage loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....203 Section 34.203 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY REAL... et seq.), and any implementing regulations, in effect at the time the appraiser signs the appraiser's... secured by a mobile home, boat, or trailer. (4) A transaction to finance the initial construction of a...

21 CFR 1316.74 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Appraisement. 1316.74 Section 1316.74 Food and... appraise the property to determine the domestic value at the time and place of seizure. The domestic value... no market for the property at the place of seizure, the domestic value shall be considered the value...

21 CFR 1316.74 - Appraisement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Appraisement. 1316.74 Section 1316.74 Food and... appraise the property to determine the domestic value at the time and place of seizure. The domestic value... no market for the property at the place of seizure, the domestic value shall be considered the value...

17 CFR 229.1015 - (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., appraisals and negotiations. 229.1015 Section 229.1015 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... (Regulation M-A) § 229.1015 (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations. (a) Report, opinion or... paragraph (a) of this section or any negotiation or report described in response to Item 1014(d) of...

17 CFR 229.1015 - (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., appraisals and negotiations. 229.1015 Section 229.1015 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... (Regulation M-A) § 229.1015 (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations. (a) Report, opinion or... paragraph (a) of this section or any negotiation or report described in response to Item 1014(d) of...

17 CFR 229.1015 - (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., appraisals and negotiations. 229.1015 Section 229.1015 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... (Regulation M-A) § 229.1015 (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations. (a) Report, opinion or... paragraph (a) of this section or any negotiation or report described in response to Item 1014(d) of...

17 CFR 229.1015 - (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., appraisals and negotiations. 229.1015 Section 229.1015 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... (Regulation M-A) § 229.1015 (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations. (a) Report, opinion or... paragraph (a) of this section or any negotiation or report described in response to Item 1014(d) of...

17 CFR 229.1015 - (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., appraisals and negotiations. 229.1015 Section 229.1015 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... (Regulation M-A) § 229.1015 (Item 1015) Reports, opinions, appraisals and negotiations. (a) Report, opinion or... paragraph (a) of this section or any negotiation or report described in response to Item 1014(d) of...

24 CFR 200.204 - What actions may HUD take against unsatisfactory appraisers on the Appraiser Roster?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... appraiser; (vi) Being issued a final debarment, suspension, or limited denial of participation; (vii... you have been issued a final debarment, suspension, or limited denial of participation, in which case...) Automatic removal for issuance of final debarment, suspension, or limited denial of participation. If you...

43 CFR 404.28 - Is it possible to expedite the completion of an appraisal investigation or feasibility study?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of an appraisal investigation or feasibility study? 404.28 Section 404.28 Public Lands: Interior... or feasibility study? Yes. If Reclamation determines that a community or groups of communities to be..., to the maximum extent practicable, expedite appraisal investigations and reports and feasibility...

34 CFR 106.36 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Programs or Activities Prohibited § 106.36 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of sex in the counseling or...

38 CFR 23.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 23.425 Section 23.425 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT... Activities Prohibited § 23.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

31 CFR 28.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 28.425 Section 28.425 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the....425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not...

18 CFR 1317.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1317.425 Section 1317.425 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... Activities Prohibited § 1317.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

44 CFR 19.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 19.425 Section 19.425 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL... Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 19.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and...

18 CFR 1317.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1317.425 Section 1317.425 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... Activities Prohibited § 1317.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

13 CFR 113.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 113.425 Section 113.425 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... Activities Prohibited § 113.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

13 CFR 113.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 113.425 Section 113.425 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... Activities Prohibited § 113.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

18 CFR 1317.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1317.425 Section 1317.425 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... Activities Prohibited § 1317.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

31 CFR 28.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 28.425 Section 28.425 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the....425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not...

24 CFR 3.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 3.425 Section 3.425 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Activities Prohibited § 3.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

24 CFR 3.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 3.425 Section 3.425 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Activities Prohibited § 3.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

49 CFR 25.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Discrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 25.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

14 CFR 1253.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1253.425 Section 1253.425 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... § 1253.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall...

24 CFR 3.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 3.425 Section 3.425 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Activities Prohibited § 3.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

36 CFR 1211.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1211.425 Section 1211.425 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL... Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 1211.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling...

38 CFR 23.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 23.425 Section 23.425 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT... Activities Prohibited § 23.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

24 CFR 3.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 3.425 Section 3.425 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department... Activities Prohibited § 3.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

44 CFR 19.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 19.425 Section 19.425 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL... Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 19.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and...

44 CFR 19.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 19.425 Section 19.425 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL... Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 19.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and...

29 CFR 36.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 36... in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 36.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of...

13 CFR 113.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 113.425 Section 113.425 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... Activities Prohibited § 113.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

49 CFR 25.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Discrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 25.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

18 CFR 1317.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1317.425 Section 1317.425 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... Activities Prohibited § 1317.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

36 CFR 1211.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1211.425 Section 1211.425 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL... Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 1211.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling...

44 CFR 19.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 19.425 Section 19.425 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL... Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 19.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and...

14 CFR 1253.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1253.425 Section 1253.425 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... § 1253.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall...

29 CFR 36.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials... in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 36.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of...

10 CFR 1042.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials... on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 1042.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

38 CFR 23.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 23.425 Section 23.425 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT... Activities Prohibited § 23.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

38 CFR 23.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 23.425 Section 23.425 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT... Activities Prohibited § 23.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

49 CFR 25.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Discrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 25.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

13 CFR 113.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 113.425 Section 113.425 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... Activities Prohibited § 113.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

13 CFR 113.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 113.425 Section 113.425 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... Activities Prohibited § 113.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

49 CFR 25.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Discrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 25.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

18 CFR 1317.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1317.425 Section 1317.425 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... Activities Prohibited § 1317.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...

14 CFR 1253.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 1253.425 Section 1253.425 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... § 1253.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall...

34 CFR 106.36 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling... Programs or Activities Prohibited § 106.36 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of sex in the counseling or...

29 CFR 36.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 36... in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 36.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of...

31 CFR 28.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 28.425 Section 28.425 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the....425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not...

10 CFR 1042.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials... on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Prohibited § 1042.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not discriminate against any person on...

31 CFR 28.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 28.425 Section 28.425 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the....425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A recipient shall not...

38 CFR 23.425 - Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. 23.425 Section 23.425 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT... Activities Prohibited § 23.425 Counseling and use of appraisal and counseling materials. (a) Counseling. A...