32 CFR 644.523 - Restricting future of artillery and other ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Restricting future of artillery and other ranges. 644.523 Section 644.523 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... concentration of fire, and the properties of these projectiles are such that many duds are deeply buried. Depth...

32 CFR 644.523 - Restricting future of artillery and other ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Restricting future of artillery and other ranges. 644.523 Section 644.523 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... concentration of fire, and the properties of these projectiles are such that many duds are deeply buried. Depth...

Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-21

Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire ? by Colonel Ian G. Corey United States Army United States...SUBTITLE Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire ? 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6...YOUR FIRE ? by Colonel Ian G. Corey United States Army Professor Daniel Y. Coulter Project Adviser This SRP

Applying a System-of-Systems Engineering Perspective to Current and Future Army Acquisitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

of detecting short- and long-range rockets and mortars. They currently provide detection capability for the C-RAM ( Higgins 2007). The weapon system... Higgins 2007). This is where the Army Air Defense came into play. The decision makers demonstrated understanding that the FAAD C2 and AMDWS...from the mortars 28 will endanger civilians. As stated in Higgins ’ study, “At the tactical level, the clearing of fires before the gun could

Command and Control: Does Current U.S. Army Tactical Command and Control Doctrine Meet the Requirement for Today’s High Intensity Battlefield?

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-02

units, organized to fully integrate the effects of combined arms, merging individual capabilities of mobility, protection, and fire power to provide a... capability to meet a wide range of operational requirements with minimal reorganization. Organizations which provide this inherent flexibility...5 LA - .- f increasingly proficient and capable massed Soviet armies attacking on broad frontages, and finally the surprising German t-actica; and

Appropriate Technology for Treating Wastewater at Remote Sites on Army Installations: Preliminary Findings

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

firing ranges, and training areas--four conventional methods have been used to treat human wastes: trenching and cat holing, pit latrines, vault toilets...stations, and training and recrea- tional areas. The Army now uses four conventional methods to treat human wastes at such sites: trenching and cat ...holing, pit latrines, vault toilets, and chemical toilets ("port-a-pots"). Trenching and cat holing are used when troops are on bivouac; waste is

Biological Efficacy of Permethrin Treatment on New U.S. Military Uniforms

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The United States Army and United States Marine Corps (USMC) are fielding uniforms that incorporate fire resistant fibers into the uniform material. For the U.S. Army, the change in uniform composition to produce the Fire-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU) results in a uniform that does not reta...

The Brigade: A History. Its Organization and Employment in the US Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-15

Sean, “‘Like Apocalypse Now ’ 7th Cavalry Squadron Runs Gauntlet of Iraqi Fire During Its Longest Day,” Army Times, 7 April 2003, 14-16. 30. On...Like Apocalypse Now .’ 7th Cavalry Squadron Runs Gauntlet of Iraqi Fire During Its Longest Day.” Army Times, 7 April 2003, 14-16

Applying a System-of-Systems Engineering Perspective to Current and Future Army Acquisitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

detecting short- and long-range rockets and mortars. They currently provide detection capability for the C-RAM ( Higgins 2007). The weapon system for... Higgins 2007). This is where the Army Air Defense came into play. The decision makers demonstrated understanding that the FAAD C2 and AMDWS provided...the mortars 28 will endanger civilians. As stated in Higgins ’ study, “At the tactical level, the clearing of fires before the gun could engage a

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. May-June 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

DATE MAY 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-05-2011 to 00-06-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery...celebration in front of the original School of Fire, which dates back to 1911. (Photo by Keith Pannell, U.S. Army) 3 sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin... date ) in the photograph - for example: “SGT Joe B. Smith, C/2-20 Fires, 4th Fires Brigade, fires the M777A2 howitzer during unit qualification

A Model for Training Range Planning Data.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

firing over flank avoided; reduced accuracy Thermal Imaging System: For day and night target acLquisition and aiming Digital Ballistic Computer...ATTN: NGB-DAP US Army Engineer Districts USACC ATTN: DAAATTN Libary 41)WASH DC 20314 ATTN. Library (41) ATTN: Facilities Engineer (2) A C Chief

33 CFR 334.1450 - Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles. 334.1450 Section 334.1450 Navigation and... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1450 Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas...

33 CFR 334.1450 - Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles. 334.1450 Section 334.1450 Navigation and... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1450 Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas...

33 CFR 334.1450 - Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles. 334.1450 Section 334.1450 Navigation and... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1450 Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas...

33 CFR 334.1450 - Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles. 334.1450 Section 334.1450 Navigation and... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1450 Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas...

Evaluation of NDI compressed air foam system (cafs) applied as a retrofit. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, S.

1994-08-01

Army Engineer Firefighting Detachments require increased firefighting capability to compensate for deficiencies in structural, brush, or wildland and large petroleum storage site fires. Additionally, Army fire departments responsible for protection and prevention on posts, camps and stations have difficulty accessing new or emerging technology do not possess state-of-the-art equipment. The results of this evaluation and subsequent projects, will be reported throughout the Army in an attempt to mitigate operational deficiencies and widen the scope of knowledge in the Army fire service. The evaluation of non-developmental retrofitted compressed air foam systems show an efficiency of suppressive capabilities of water superseded bymore » water alone. Retrofitting the equipment was not easy or inexpensive but it was very successful.« less

2. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print located at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado). R.M.A. - 613 - FIRE HOUSE LOOKING N.W. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Fire House, 960 feet North of Sixth Avenue; 90 feet West of B Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print located at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado). R.M.A. - 613 - FIRE HOUSE LOOKING N.E. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Fire House, 960 feet North of Sixth Avenue; 90 feet West of B Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

4. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print located at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado). R.M.A. - 312 - FIRE & POLICE STATION LOOKING N.E. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Fire Station, 80 feet North of December Seventh Avenue; 120 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

33 CFR 334.1420 - Pacific Ocean off Orote Point, Apra Harbor, Island of Guam, Marianas Islands; small arms firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE..., Marianas Islands; small arms firing range. (a) The danger zone. The waters within an area delineated by a....2″ 13°24′51.2″ 144°36′31.9″ 13°25′28.7″ 144°37′59.1″ 13°25′43.2″ 144°38′09.5″ (b) The regulations...

33 CFR 334.1420 - Pacific Ocean off Orote Point, Apra Harbor, Island of Guam, Marianas Islands; small arms firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE..., Marianas Islands; small arms firing range. (a) The danger zone. The waters within an area delineated by a....2″ 13°24′51.2″ 144°36′31.9″ 13°25′28.7″ 144°37′59.1″ 13°25′43.2″ 144°38′09.5″ (b) The regulations...

33 CFR 334.1420 - Pacific Ocean off Orote Point, Apra Harbor, Island of Guam, Marianas Islands; small arms firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE..., Marianas Islands; small arms firing range. (a) The danger zone. The waters within an area delineated by a....2″ 13°24′51.2″ 144°36′31.9″ 13°25′28.7″ 144°37′59.1″ 13°25′43.2″ 144°38′09.5″ (b) The regulations...

33 CFR 334.1420 - Pacific Ocean off Orote Point, Apra Harbor, Island of Guam, Marianas Islands; small arms firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE..., Marianas Islands; small arms firing range. (a) The danger zone. The waters within an area delineated by a....2″ 13°24′51.2″ 144°36′31.9″ 13°25′28.7″ 144°37′59.1″ 13°25′43.2″ 144°38′09.5″ (b) The regulations...

33 CFR 334.1420 - Pacific Ocean off Orote Point, Apra Harbor, Island of Guam, Marianas Islands; small arms firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE..., Marianas Islands; small arms firing range. (a) The danger zone. The waters within an area delineated by a....2″ 13°24′51.2″ 144°36′31.9″ 13°25′28.7″ 144°37′59.1″ 13°25′43.2″ 144°38′09.5″ (b) The regulations...

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research Development and Testing (36th)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

and pressure data collected during the four seasons at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico , are converted for use in artillery surface-to-surface...155-mm weapon system fired at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico , did not reach an apogee of 30 km. For the low-angle simulations, the projectile...Range, Now Mexico , during 1989. A sample of 226 rawinsonde flighto containing representative sets for each of the four seasons is used an the met data

4. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of photograph, U.S. Army, ca. 1943 (original print located at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado). R.M.A. - 613 - FIRE HOUSE 2nd FL. LOOKING N.E. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Fire House, 960 feet North of Sixth Avenue; 90 feet West of B Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Thermal weapon sights with integrated fire control computers: algorithms and experiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rothe, Hendrik; Graswald, Markus; Breiter, Rainer

2008-04-01

The HuntIR long range thermal weapon sight of AIM is deployed in various out of area missions since 2004 as a part of the German Future Infantryman system (IdZ). In 2007 AIM fielded RangIR as upgrade with integrated laser Range finder (LRF), digital magnetic compass (DMC) and fire control unit (FCU). RangIR fills the capability gaps of day/night fire control for grenade machine guns (GMG) and the enhanced system of the IdZ. Due to proven expertise and proprietary methods in fire control, fast access to military trials for optimisation loops and similar hardware platforms, AIM and the University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg (HSU) decided to team for the development of suitable fire control algorithms. The pronounced ballistic trajectory of the 40mm GMG requires most accurate FCU-solutions specifically for air burst ammunition (ABM) and is most sensitive to faint effects like levelling or firing up/downhill. This weapon was therefore selected to validate the quality of the FCU hard- and software under relevant military conditions. For exterior ballistics the modified point mass model according to STANAG 4355 is used. The differential equations of motions are solved numerically, the two point boundary value problem is solved iteratively. Computing time varies according to the precision needed and is typical in the range from 0.1 - 0.5 seconds. RangIR provided outstanding hit accuracy including ABM fuze timing in various trials of the German Army and allied partners in 2007 and is now ready for series production. This paper deals mainly with the fundamentals of the fire control algorithms and shows how to implement them in combination with any DSP-equipped thermal weapon sights (TWS) in a variety of light supporting weapon systems.

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. March - April 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

of joint training that the Fires Center of Excellence teaches and supports. (Photo by Lance Cpl. Seth Maggard, U.S. Marine Corps) 19 sill...provides security with U.S Army Soldiers from the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division in the Logar province of Afghanistan on Nov. 27, 2010. (Photo by PFC Donald Watkins , U.S. Army)

Index to Army Times 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

Army Times; June 26, 1989; 49(46): p. 6. FOREST FIRES--IDAHO Toorps head ti daho , Oregon to battle blazes. Army Times; Aug. 14, 1989; 50(1): p. 12. Blaze...9, 1989; 49(22): p. 2. IOWA (SHIP) GUN TURRET EXPLOSION , 1989 Iowa investigation comes up ambiguous. Army Times; Sept. 11, 1989; 50(5): p. 26. i ’ 71

Army Water Reuse Policy - A Decision Document

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

Marsh enhancement Streamflow augmentation Fisheries Nonpotable urban uses Fire protection Air conditioning Toilet flushing Water features US Army Corps...policy Use of IPR from suppliers or to practice on Army facilities Impact of privatization US Army Corps of Engineers® Engineer Research and...Development Center Definitions Graywater = Greywater = Gray Water = Grey Water Blackwater Toilet , Kitchen Wastewater Reclaimed Water Wastewater Treated

Semiannual Report to the Congress. April 1, 2010 - September 30, 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

passes.” APRIL 1, 2010 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2010 59 Services USAAA evaluated practices used to manage BlackBerry devices. personnel...practices used to manage cellular telephones and BlackBerry devices by activities at U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, U.S. Army Forces...some tanks. In addition, there were fire and safety hazards identified. For example, the Red Hill fuel tunnel complex lacked adequate fire

Fire Fighting Task Force (FIRE)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

and fdenify by block number) ~’This study is part of ~a contining effort to develop soldier data and performance algorithms (pergorithus) needed to...similar to combat, results will be useful in developing algorithms and data for use in US Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA) combat models. THE...dimensions. The US Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA) is committed to adding the soldier variables and algorithms that are necessary to fully represent

Removal of Invasive Fire-Prone Grasses to Increase Training Lands in the Pacific

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Boone Kauffman. U.S. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Research Center. Hilo . Hawaii . SWCA, Inc. 39 SWCA also acknowledges Amy Brown Curtis...Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), Marine Corps Training Area Bellows (MCTAB), Army installations Makua Valley, Schofield Barracks, Pohakuloa Training...Area, the Hawaii Army National Guard facility at Diamond Head Crater, and at the Naval Magazine on the Island of Guam. Invasive, fire-prone

Effects of military training activities on shrub-steppe raptors in southwestern Idaho, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lehman, Robert N.; Steenhof, Karen; Kochert, Michael N.; Carpenter, L.B.

1999-01-01

Between 1991 and 1994, we assessed relative abundance, nesting success, and distribution of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis), northern harriers (Circus cyaneus), burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), and short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) inside and outside a military training site in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area, southwestern Idaho. The Orchard Training Area is used primarily for armored vehicle training and artillery firing by the Idaho Army National Guard. Relative abundance of nesting pairs inside and outside the training site was not significantly different from 1991 to 1993 but was significantly higher on the training site in 1994 (Pa??a??a??0.03). Nesting success varied among years but was not significantly different inside and outside the training site (Pa??>a??0.26). In 1994, short-eared owl and burrowing owl nests were significantly closer to firing ranges used early in the spring before owls laid eggs than were random points (Pa??

A Primer on Fire Support for Joint Special Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-15

been "a battery commander with the 99th Field Artillery (Pack) at Fort Hoyle , Maryland." 3 7 The addition of the provisional cannon company to the Force...gatherer for special operations.143 ROLE OF THE FIRE SUPPORT OFFICER During a recent interview, Major General Fred F. Marty, Commandant of the Field...143. Ibid., 722-724. 144. Fred F. Marty, Major General, U.S. Army, Commandant of the U.S. Army Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, interview by

Is the Army’s Reserve Component Imbalanced, Separate and Unequal?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-02

USAR have divided their compositions in two ways, the ARNG is predominately a RC Maneuver Fires and Effects ( MFE ) provider to the US Army, and the...the Maneuver, Fires, & Effects ( MFE ), 27% in the Operational Support (OS), and 15% in Force Sustainment (FS).22 (See Figure 2).23 Current ARNG‟s...Army‟s RC primary MFE force provider. While the ARNG has flourished, the ARNG should balance their force ratio by adding enabler units in order to

From Good to Great: Creating a Fires-Centric VMU Culture

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-07

Anderson 2 Conclusion: Solutions ranging from low to high impact are available. At the low impact end of the spectrum, the summer .2011 transition... back to the end of Predator’s advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTO) phase. During the Predator’s 30 month ACTO the Army was largely...that the Marine Corps is experiencing the same growing pains that the Air Force experienced with its weaponized unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Major

Estimation of fire danger in Hawai'i using limited weather data and simulation

Treesearch

D.R. Weise; S.L. Stephens; F.M. Fujioka; T.J. Moody; J. Benoit

2010-01-01

The presence of fire in Hawai'i has increased with introduction of nonnative grasses. Fire danger estimation using the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) typically requires 5 to 10 yr of data to determine percentile weather values and fire activity. The U.S. Army Pōhakuloa Training Area in Hawai‘i is located in the interface zone between windward...

Army Strategic Leader Competency Development: Small Changes for a Large Impact

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

an Infantry Officer is similar to other Maneuver, Fire, and Effects ( MFE ) Officers, and the majority of General Officers come for the MFE ranks.24...Army, CASAL 2010, 12. 65 Discussion with COL Reese Turner, Former MFE Branch Chief, 13 Nov 12, on how branches assign officers to OES assignments. 66 U.S. Department of the Army, CASAL 2010, 18.

33 CFR 334.1450 - Atlantic Ocean off north coast of Puerto Rico; practice firing areas, U.S. Army Forces Antilles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) The fact that practice firing is to take place over the designated area will be advertised to the public through the usual media for the dissemination of such information. Factual information as to the dates, time, and characteristics of the firing will be advertised in advance of each session of firing...

Von Braun Rocket Team at Fort Bliss, Texas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1940-01-01

The German Rocket Team, also known as the Von Braun Rocket Team, poses for a group photograph at Fort Bliss, Texas. After World War II ended in 1945, Dr. Wernher von Braun led some 120 of his Peenemuende Colleagues, who developed the V-2 rocket for the German military during the War, to the United Sttes under a contract to the U.S. Army Corps as part of Operation Paperclip. During the following five years the team worked on high altitude firings of the captured V-2 rockets at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and a guided missile development unit at Fort Bliss, Texas. In April 1950, the group was transferred to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, and continued to work on the development of the guided missiles for the U.S. Army until transferring to a newly established field center of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Origin of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)

NASA Image and Video Library

1940-01-01

The German Rocket Team, also known as the Von Braun Rocket Team, poses for a group photograph at Fort Bliss, Texas. After World War II ended in 1945, Dr. Wernher von Braun led some 120 of his Peenemuende Colleagues, who developed the V-2 rocket for the German military during the War, to the United Sttes under a contract to the U.S. Army Corps as part of Operation Paperclip. During the following five years the team worked on high altitude firings of the captured V-2 rockets at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and a guided missile development unit at Fort Bliss, Texas. In April 1950, the group was transferred to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, and continued to work on the development of the guided missiles for the U.S. Army until transferring to a newly established field center of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Department of Defense Annual Report on Sexual Assault in the Military, Fiscal Year 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-22

focused on the following objectives: • Determine whether club culture promotes or resists adherence to Army and USMA values, and why. • Obtain... firing range. The Subject would tell certain female trainees to spread their legs, and he would use the metal detector to touch the females in their...after she "gave up" attempting to resist after repeatedly telling him to stop during the previous progression of sexual contacts. Sexual Assault

14. Site D57C, Improved NIKEHercules System, Grading Plan, U.S. Army ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Site D-57-C, Improved NIKE-Hercules System, Grading Plan, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 18 January 1962. - Newport NIKE Missile Battery D-57/58, Integrated Fire Control Area, Newport Road, Carleton, Monroe County, MI

Lead accumulation in woodchucks (Marmota monax) at small arms and skeet ranges.

PubMed

Johnson, Mark S; Major, Michael A; Casteel, Stan W

2004-10-01

Increasing concern regarding the stewardship of US Army lands requires a proactive program to evaluate sites of potential risk. Small arms and upland skeet ranges are a potentially significant source of lead exposure for burrowing mammals. Woodchucks (Marmota monax) were evaluated for lead exposure in a previously used upland skeet range and a small arms range, respective to animals collected at two nearby reference locations. Soil lead concentrations collected at burrow entrances on the firing ranges were compared with blood, bone, kidney, liver, and fecal concentrations of woodchucks collected from the reference areas. No statistical differences were found in the lead concentrations in tissue between woodchucks in reference and firing ranges; concentrations of lead in liver and kidney were below detection limits. Levels in bone, blood, and feces suggest the bioavailability of lead at these various sites, although other factors (e.g., differences in foraging areas, age structure, habitat preferences, and environmental conditions) were also likely to influence exposure. Blood levels were below that which suggests toxicity. Further analysis of other ranges with higher lead concentrations and of small mammal species with smaller home ranges is recommended to further elucidate trends that could be extrapolated to other sites.

[Health status comparative analysis of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees and contract servicemen in the Russian Army].

PubMed

Koteev, P K; Kireev, S G; Golovinova, V Iu

2013-08-01

Results of health status comparative analysis of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees and contract servicemen in the Russian Army are submitted as following. The emercom of russia firemen's average annual rate of primary morbidity is 459,1, that of labor losses' days 8430,8, of disability 0,9, and mortality cases 0,7. The russian army contract servicemen's average annual rate of primary morbidity during the covered period comes to 410,3, that of discharges 7,4, and mortality cases 1,3. The results of comparative analysis show that the rate of contract servicemen's primary morbidity is lower than that of emercom of Russia firemen below 10.6% (p < 0.001), whereas their discharge level is higher above 87% (p < 0.001). In the course of comparison of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees' and the Russian Army contract servicemen's primary morbidity structure it was revealed that the indexes of the diseases of respiratory system, traumas and poisoning are higher among the first ones. On the contrary, their indexes were lower in the sphere of circulatory system, skin and hypodermic cellulose diseases. The indexes of circulatory system diseases in the disability (discharge level) structure of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees were higher than those of other diseases. It is expedient to use the results of this research in forming of priority assignments and conducting of a complex of curative and prophylactic measures organized by the medical service of the emercom of Russia.

Wernher von Braun

NASA Image and Video Library

1959-01-21

In this photo, (left to right) Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) Missile Firing Laboratory Chief Dr. Kurt Debus, Director of the ABMA Development Operations Division, Dr. von Braun and an unidentified individual in blockhouse during the CM-21 (Jupiter) firing. The Jupiter missile CM-21 became the first Chrysler production qualification missile to be fired and in March 1959 launched the Pioneer IV.

2011 Center for Army Leadership Annual Survey of Army Leadership (CASAL): Main Findings

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

serving in a Maneuver, Fires & Effects ( MFE ) (MTOE) assignments agree they are confident following their immediate superior into life-or- death...deployed to Afghanistan and serving in MFE assignments agree; 20% disagree. Several factors relate to subordinate confidence in following their

Urban Joint Fire Support: Air Force Fixed-Wing and Army Field Artillery Precision Munitions Capabilities for Urban Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-15

of 2006, the GBU - 39 /B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) was first employed by Air Force aircraft (Weisgerber 2006). This newly developed munition was...Vertical, Limited horizontal 500# Impact, Delay ≤ 3m GBU-38 JDAM GPS/INS Vertical, Horizontal 500# Proximity, Impact, Delay ~10m GBU - 39 /B...between 5 to 15 nautical miles, though LGB maximum employment range may be further limited by the need to acquire and lase the target. The GBU - 39 offers

Continuation of the Ecological Risk Assessment of Explosive Residues in Rodents, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish and Invertebrates: An Integrated Laboratory and Field Investigation Related to Live-Fire Ranges in the Department of Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

malicum strain HAAP-1 isolated from a methanogenic mixed culture. Current Microbiology 48:332-340. Army. 1985h. HMX: Acute toxicity tests in...explosives: biotransformation versus mineralization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 54:605-618. Hawari J, Halasz A, Sheremata T, Beaudet S...triazine (RDX) with municipal anaerobic sludge. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:2652-2657. Kudo, H., and Y. Oki. 1984. Microtus species

Military Authority.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martz, Carlton; Hayes, Bill

2001-01-01

This issue of "Bill of Rights in Action" explores questions of military authority. The first article looks at the French Army mutinies in World War I and how the French Army dealt with them. The second article examines President Truman's firing of popular and powerful General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War. The final article…

U.S. Army Space Operational Narrative

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-20

fire, and effects ( MFE ), the operational support (OS), and the functional support division (FSD); it is further divided into many more specialties...cyberspace expertise at the highest levels is a must for the Army. Both ARCYBERCOM and USASMDC/ARSTRAT commands are key positions filled by MFE officers... MFE officers with the majority from infantry and armor (31). The FA, AD, and EN branches will round out the top five.47 Half of the Army branches are

Fires Readiness: The State of US Army Fires in Support of Combined Arms Maneuver at the Division Level

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

proficiency in their core competencies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Fires, Fire Support, DIVARTY, FAB , Combined Arms Maneuver, DOTMLPF 16. SECURITY...FAA Functional Area Analysis FAB Field Artillery Brigade FER Final Exercise Report FFA HQ Force Field Artillery Headquarters FM Field Manual FNA...function. This provided me the opportunity to work with several Division Artillerys (DIVARTYs) and Field Artillery Brigades ( FABs ). During this time

32 CFR 644.554 - Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and improvements by fire or acts of God. 644.554 Section 644.554 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Sale Procedure § 644.554 Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God...

32 CFR 644.554 - Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and improvements by fire or acts of God. 644.554 Section 644.554 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Sale Procedure § 644.554 Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God...

32 CFR 644.554 - Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and improvements by fire or acts of God. 644.554 Section 644.554 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Sale Procedure § 644.554 Insurance against loss or damages to buildings and improvements by fire or acts of God...

Estimating the Manpower, Personnel, and Training Requirements of the Army’s Corps Support Weapon System Using the HARDMAN Methodology

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

Description 24 3-4 System Analysis 26 3-5 CSWS Fire Control System 40 3-6 Hybrid Collective Protection Equipment 46 4-1 Macrit Calculation 50 4-2...suppression. The U.S. Army Chemical Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, is developing hybrid collective protection equipment (HCPE) to provide NBC...Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 15 January 1981. Hybrid collective protection equipment (HCPE) application guidelines. Clearwater, FL

Arracourt -- September 1944

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-04

located to the North of Fifth Panzer * Army) opposed the 4th Armored Division. Major subordinate units of German First Army were:4 3d Mechanized...east side. German artillery and heavy mortars or the 3d Panzer Grenadier Division of the lot German Army located near Pont-a-Mousson at a higher...elevation than those at St. Genevieve continued firing on U.S. units as they crossed the Moselle. In addition to the 3d Panzer Grenadier Divi- sion, the

Amicicide: The Problem of Friendly Fire in Modern War

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

episodes of the Korean War was the stubborn, defense of the British 29th Brigade along the Imjin River north of Seoul in April 1951.67 Faced by a...antiaircraft fire over Paestum beach in Italy. Amicicide: The Problem of Friendly Fire in Modern War by Lieutenant Colonel Charles R. Shrader, U.S...Data Shrader, Charles R. Amicieide: the problem of friendly fire in modern war . (Research survey/Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and

Engineering an Undergarment for Flash/Flame Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

the event of a flash fire situation because the fabric could melt and stick to the Soldier’s skin causing more severe burn injury. Additionally, an...harm’s way which include fire fighters and police in their daily work. 1.1 Problem Statement The threat of burn injuries to Soldiers in combat due...to blasts, flash fires and secondary fires has resulted in the development of the Flame Resistant Army Combat Uniform, FR ACU. The FR ACUs provide

Report of the Army Scientific Advisory Panel Ad Hoc Group on Fire Suppression

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-01

initially should be provided a nucleus of a seven- person technical staff composed of one 0-6 combat arme officer as Director, two senior behavioral ...If the suppressee perceives the fire as being reactive to his own behavior then the personal danger factor will be reinforced,1 Fire...that is not periodic hut also not reactive to his behavior may be like periodic fire in its personal threat except more difficult to

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. July - August 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

military background. Never forget frustration is the bread and butter of an advisor, and the Iraqi army is not the U.S. Army. 2 Respect their culture...Lawrence, 27 Articles.) Every meeting usually is accompanied by Chai tea and other liquid refreshments as a basic part of Iraqi hospitality. If you

Investigation of Fire-Vulnerability-Reduction Effectiveness of Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel in Armored Vehicular Fuel Tanks

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-30

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, September 1976. 2. Weatherford, W.D., Jr., Fodor, G.E., Naegeli , D.W., Owens, E.C., Wright, B.R., and Schaekel, F.W...Weatherford, W.I)., Jr., Fodor, G.E., Naegeli , D.W., Owens, E.C., Wright, B.R., and Schaekel, F.W., "Development of Army Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel," Interim

German General Officer Casualties in World War II -- Harbinger for U.S. Army General Officer Casualties in Airland Battle

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-07

grenades, air attacks, tank fire, snipers, and partisans. Many of these causes, such as air attacks and tank fire, were relatively infrequent occurrences...Tank Fire 5 9 Small Arms Fire 7 13 Grenade 3 5 Air Attack 18 32 Tank Fire 2 4 Partisans 5 9 Sniper 3 5 In World War I personal danger for officers had...accounts of individual demises reflect this increased lethality, and better describe the significant dangers to these senior commanders. 18 AIR ATTACK

166. ARAIII Fire hose houses (Probably numbered on site as ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

166. ARA-III Fire hose houses (Probably numbered on site as ARA-624). Aerojet-general 880-area/GCRE-701-S-4. Date: February 1958. Ineel index code no. 063-0624-00-013-102695. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

XM25 Schedule Delays, Cost Increases, and Performance Problems Continue, and Procurement Quantity Not Justified (REDACTED)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-29

ammunition. (FOUO) Figure 1. XM25 Weapon System and Air Bursting Ammunition 3 Hidden refers to the enemy seeking cover in trenches; behind walls, rocks ...system that fires 25mm high-explosive, air- bursting ammunition to allow soldiers to fire at hidden enemy targets. Findings Army officials could...XM25 Weapon System The XM25 is a semiautomatic, shoulder-fired weapon system that fires 25mm high-explosive, air- bursting ammunition to allow soldiers

Research on Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel Flammability Mitigation Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

Naegeli U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Under Contract to U.S. Army Mobility Equipment...David Naegeli DAAK70-80-C-0001 DAAK70-82-C-0001 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESSES 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASK U.S. Army Fuels and...water-containing diesel fuel blends. 43 VI. LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Weatherford, W.D., Jr., Fodor, G.E., Naegeli , D.W., Wright, B.R., Owens, E.C., and

Decisive Combined Arms Maneuver and Atomic Fires: The Emergent Role of the Artillery

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-18

conduct operations accordingly. This condition shaped decisions across the force and in doctrine, and each sub-culture within the organization of the...the Air Force from the Army was a pivotal event in the development of doctrine and understanding of the role of the Army. The Army held the view that...would require a ground force , and that the ground force would provide a strategic link through their tactical actions.5 The theory that enabled this

U.S. Army Rifle and Carbine Adoption between 1865 and 1900

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-15

end-strength of 11,043. General in Chief of the Army General Ulysses S. Grant wanted to increase the Regular Army to 80,000 men , but neither...the weapon to stand. The shooter placed a primer on the nipple and cocked the hammer making the arm ready to fire. When the shooter pulled the...another change to the barrel bands, setting the nipple bolster out a bit further, incorporating a clean out screw instead of an angled flash hole, and

36 CFR 331.15 - Fires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fires. 331.15 Section 331.15 Parks, Forests, and Public Property CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE PROTECTION, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FALLS OF THE OHIO NATIONAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREA, KENTUCKY AND...

36 CFR 331.15 - Fires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fires. 331.15 Section 331.15 Parks, Forests, and Public Property CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE PROTECTION, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FALLS OF THE OHIO NATIONAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREA, KENTUCKY AND...

36 CFR § 331.15 - Fires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Fires. § 331.15 Section § 331.15 Parks, Forests, and Public Property CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE PROTECTION, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FALLS OF THE OHIO NATIONAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREA...

Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions.

PubMed

Ahmad, Mahtab; Lee, Sang Soo; Lim, Jung Eun; Lee, Sung-Eun; Cho, Ju Sik; Moon, Deok Hyun; Hashimoto, Yohey; Ok, Yong Sik

2014-01-01

Mussel shell (MS), cow bone (CB) and biochar (BC) were selected to immobilize metals in an army firing range soil. Amendments were applied at 5% (wt) and their efficacies were determined after 175 d. For metal phytoavailability test, maize (Zea mays L.) plants were cultivated for 3weeks. Results showed that all amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb by up to 99% in planted/unplanted soils. Contrarily, exchangeable Sb were increased in the MS- and CB-amended soils. The rise in soil pH (~1 unit) by the amendments affected Pb and Sb mobility in soils. Bioavailability of Pb to maize was reduced by up to 71% in the amended soils. The Sb uptake to maize was decreased by up to 53.44% in the BC-amended soil. Sequential chemical extractions showed the transformation of easily available Pb to stable residual form with the amendment treatments. Scanning electron microscopic elemental dot mapping revealed the Pb association with Al and Si in the MS-amended soil and that with P in the CB- and BC-amended soils. Additionally, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic analysis indicated the transformation of organic bound Pb in unamended control soil to relatively more stable Pb-hydroxide (Ksp=10(-17.1)), chloropyromorphite (Ksp=10(-84.4)) and Pb-phosphate (Ksp=10(-23.8)) in soils amended with MS, CB and BC, respectively. Application of BC was the best in decreasing the phytoavailability of Pb and Sb in the studied army firing range soil. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Critical Technology Events (CTEs) that Support the Rationale for Army Laboratories Based on S&T Functions Performed

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

is very compatible to growth of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe or MCT) on its surface. HgCdTe is the IR sensitive material. However, CdZnTe is...in Indiana which is one of the few test ranges in the developed world where battlefield smokes and live artillery fire could be 41 F. Shields, NV...spectral region of E&M spectrum) I2 – Image Intensification JIEDDO – Joint IED Defeat Office JPG – Jefferson Proving Ground, Indiana . JPO – Joint

An Overview of the Ecological Effects of Tracked Vehicles on Major U.S. (United States) Army Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

IL 41868 runtsil ie 35807 Fort Devens 01433 3345 CES/IE, stop 27 .oner 4ississipPi 4ulley 39180 Fort Drm 13601 -’dole East )9018 Fort Hood 7654.4...training. Detailed quantitative data were obtained from Forts Polk, Knox, Hood, and Lewis; supplementary semi-quantitative and qualitative studies were...done at Forts Benning, Bliss, Carson, Drum, Irwin, Riley, and Stewart, and at Yakima Firing Range. v- (continued on next page) D1JAN7373 3 ETOOFNO6

Decisive Army Strategic and Expeditionary Maneuver

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

80 6.9 Fuel Cells, Batteries, and Solar Photovoltaics ................................................................... 81 6.10 Thermoelectric...selected areas will have matured to the point where they can be incorporated into Army operations Semi-autonomous systems, hybrid- powered platforms... powered platforms, aerial layer communications and networking, precision fires/munitions) are addressed in BA4, BA3 (and BA2) funding plans • In

Evaluation of weapons' combustion products in armored vehicles. Final report, 30 September 1986-14 December 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Menzies, K.T.; Randel, M.A.; Quill, A.L.

1989-01-01

The U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory defined an extensive research program to address the generation of potentially toxic propellant combustion products in crew compartments of armored vehicles during weapons firing. The major objectives of the research were: (1) to determine the presence and concentration of propellant combustion products, (2) to determine potential crew exposure to these combustion products, and (3) to assess the efficacy of field monitoring in armored vehicles. To achieve these goals, air monitoring was conducted in selected armored vehicle types, i.e., M109, M60, M3, M1, at several Army installations. Auxiliary information concerning the specific munitionsmore » fired and the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) or Forces Command (FORSCOM) firing scenarios was collected so that a comparison of pollutant concentrations generated by specific weapons both within vehicle types and between vehicle types could be made.« less

The Evolution of Fire Support Doctrine Was Driven by Airmobile Doctrine and New Weapon Systems During the Vietnam War

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-18

army.mil/history/factsheets/army.shtml (accessed on 26 Apr 2004). 7Catchpole, 153. 8Pamela Feltus , Air Power: The Korean War, U.S., [Centennial of...Edgar C., Jr. Tools of War. Boston, MA: Boston Publishing Company, 1984. 87 Feltus , Pamela. Air Power: The Korean War, U.S. Centennial of Flight

Canadian Army Trophy Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMBNo. 0704-0188 la. REPORT SECURITY CLASS-- CAT ;ON lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS Unclassified 2a. SECURITY CLASSiFICATION AUTHORITr 3...if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP CAT , Canadajn Army Trophy, International, Competition, --Gunnery, Tank--T C...accuracy, firing speed, and detection on score during the CAT competition. This study uses a custom stochastic computer model designed to replicate the

Fire Support Team Experiment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

December 1984 APPROVED FOR PUBUC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. U_ US ARMY *’ HUMAN ENGINEERING LABORATORY US ARMY BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY ABERDEEN...INTRODUCTION A. Background In March 1982, the HELBAT ( Human Engineering Laboratory Battalion Artillery Test) Executive Committee agreed that the Ballistic...tactical equipment and its -. human operators. FOSCE mimicked the actions of the platoon forward observers that work for the FIST HQ while the FDS

Armaments for the Army of the Future (Army XXI Through Army After Next). An International Symposium & Exhibition

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

concentrate on the planned firing of a 155 mm ETC gun at the Kirkcudbright ballistic performance well in excess of that possible from Electromagnetic...The~ thrat APFSDS Demonstration 40mm C-1-W.S al I 500m API--SDS set-\\ ice round I.mvc 1,111 rropý211mlt Z7 10d APFSDS stretch round I 1-od Taruct I...CTWS Benefits of Ownership Product performance Product maturity All’ordability Integration benel"its System approach Benefits to CTAI CLIstomas/Partners

Investigation of Radiometric Combustion Monitoring Techniques for Coal- Fired Stoker Boilers

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

Office ATTN: CECPW-FU-P 22060 Ft Devens 01433 US Army Envr Hygiene Agency ATTN: AFZD-DE ATTN: HSHB-ME 21010 US Army Engr District Fort Drum 13602 ATTN...Library (40) ATTN: AFZS-EH-E US Gov’t Printing Office 20401 Fort Irwin 92310 ATFN: Rac SecDeposit Sac (2) US Army Engr Division ATTN: AFZJ-EH ATTN...66 USACERL DISTRIBUTION Chief of Engiaes Fort McCoy 54656 Tyndall AFB 32403 ATTN: CEHEC-IM-LH (2) ATTN: AFZR-DE ATTN: AFESC Program O(c ATTN: CEHEC-IM

Kuwait Oil Fires, Kuwait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The number of oil well fires from the Kuwait Oil Fields (29.5N, 48.0E) set afire by the retreating Iraqi Army during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, has been measurably diminished since the last observation although the smoke plumes were still intact as far south as Qatar. Most of the remaining approximately 300 oil fires are in the two largest fields: Sibirayah, north of Kuwait Bay and the larger Magwas-Burgan-Al Ahmadi field south of Kuwait City.

Fire deaths in aircraft without the crashworthy fuel system.

PubMed

Springate, C S; McMeekin, R R; Ruehle, C J

1989-10-01

Cases reported to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were examined for occupants of helicopters without the crashworthy fuel system (CWFS) who survived crashes but died as a result of postcrash fires. There were 16 fire deaths in the 9 such accidents which occurred between January 1976 and April 1984. All of these victims would have survived if there had been no postcrash fire. Partial body destruction by fire probably prevented inclusion of many other cases. The dramatic reduction in fire deaths and injuries due to installation of the CWFS in Army helicopters is discussed. The author concludes that fire deaths and injuries in aircraft accidents could almost be eliminated by fitting current and future aircraft with the CWFS.

A Feasibility Assessment of 6LoWPAN for Secure Communications in the U.S. Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

22 1. Obstacles .......................................................................................22 2. Resistance against...35 Table 6. An Example of a Pre-formatted Call for Fire (CFF) Exchange and Expected Byte...friendly forces in a dismounted operation often occurs through line of sight (LOS) or verbal passing of information within a small fire -team or squad sub

Impulse noise trauma during army weapon firing.

PubMed

Munjal, K R; Singh, V P

1997-04-01

A 100 infanty personnel firing modern weapons such as the Anti Tank Guided Missile, 106mm Recoiless Gun (RCL), 84mm Rocket Launcher (RL) and 81mm Mortar were studied for the effect of impulse noise on the ear and the evolution of the Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS), Recovery Time (RT) and Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) was traced.

Report to Congress on Sustainable Ranges, 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

4ID AVN BDE HQ, 41st Fires BDE, 4th Sustainment BDE, 7-158 AVN (-), 6-52 AVN (-), 11th MP BN, 308th MI BDE, 21st Cavalry BDE (Air Combat), TF Odin, 1st...Army Division West HQ, 120 Infantry BDE, 166th AVN , 479 FA BDE, 407 AFSB, 901 SPT BN, 15th Sustainment BDE, 36th EN BDE, 89th MP BDE, 57th SIG BDE...1st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade; 162nd Infantry Training Brigade; the JRTC Operations Group; the 115th CSH and the 5th AVN BN. Home station unit

Evaluation of weapons' combustion products in armored vehicles. Appendix C: Summary of descriptive statistics (proc tabulate). Appendix D: Summary of comparative statistics. Final report, 30 September 1986-14 December 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Menzies, K.T.; Randel, M.A.; Quill, A.L.

1989-01-01

The U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory defined an extensive research program to address the generation of potentially toxic propellant combustion products in crew compartments of armored vehicles during weapons firing. The major objectives of the research were (1) to determine the presence and concentration of propellant combustion products, (2) to determine potential crew exposure to these combustion products, and (3) to assess the efficacy of field monitoring in armored vehicles. To achieve these goals, air monitoring was conducted in selected armored vehicle types, i.e., M109, M60, M3, M1, at several Army installations. Auxiliary information concerning the specific munitionsmore » fired and the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) or Forces Command (FORSCOM) firing scenarios was collected so that a comparison of pollutant concentrations generated by specific weapons both within vehicle types and between vehicle types could be made.« less

Crucible of fire: the Boer War and the birth of the Canadian Army Medical Corps.

PubMed Central

McCulloch, I

1995-01-01

Although Canada's military physicians didn't come to prominence until WW I and WW II, the Canadian Army Medical Corps (CAMC), the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and the current Canadian Forces Medical Service, actually had its origins in the Boer War. During that turn-of-the-century conflict, field hospitals accompanied Canadian troops to South Africa. Ian McCulloch discusses that early type of medical service and the steps that led to the creation of the CAMC. Images p1495-a p1496-a PMID:7585380

Air-Powered Projectile Launcher

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andrews, T.; Bjorklund, R. A.; Elliott, D. G.; Jones, L. K.

1987-01-01

Air-powered launcher fires plastic projectiles without using explosive propellants. Does not generate high temperatures. Launcher developed for combat training for U.S. Army. With reservoir pressurized, air launcher ready to fire. When pilot valve opened, sleeve (main valve) moves to rear. Projectile rapidly propelled through barrel, pushed by air from reservoir. Potential applications in seismic measurements, avalanche control, and testing impact resistance of windshields on vehicles.

Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1983 Submitted to Congress February 1982. Part 3 (Weapons & Tracked Combat Vehicles).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

of 130 kits for the Fire Support Teem Vehicle, an integrated system platform which will provide under - armor protection for the ground laser locator...procureuent of 495 kits for the Fire Support Team Vehicles, an integrated system platform which will provide under - armor protection for the Ground Laser

Aircraft Survivability: Vulnerability Reduction, Spring 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

selected small arms, rocket propelled grenades, and shoulder-fired missiles will be presented. Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate previous demonstrations...lethality. Hands-on experience will be provided with threat munitions and missiles , test articles, damaged-air- craft hardware, live fire...non-linear effects of scale and operational environment. Current Efforts In the structures S&T program at the US Army Aviation and Missile Research

Computer-Based Training of Cannon Fire Direction Specialists

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

and military knowlge needed to perfor wartime missio (Department of the Army, 1987). These occur "in residence" at Army schools, during on-the-job...not permit detailed analysis of the activities associated with producing and executing a training course. This is a serious problem because many of...and to sustain existing training products. Tracing the changes in support activities is difficult because support activities exist at many different

Particulate Air Pollution Control for Army Coal-Fired Boiler Plants.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

Army flue gas . The condensed material usually is sticky and emissions control . Of the current new technologies. traps the flyash on the bag, where it... control device is made a matter of convenience. The location Flue gas temperature control is an important factor of other components is given the prime...consideration. *in the application of baghouses to flue gas particulate This often results in the particle-laden gas being forced control . Bag

U.S. Army Workshop on Exploring Enterprise, System of Systems, System, and Software Architectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

state of a net-centric intelligence /surveillance/reconnaissance (ISR) capability featuring DCGS by the middle of the next decade.5 In some situations...boundaries. The DoDAF has a relatively long history. It started as a Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Surveillance and Intelligence ...Army have needed to perform tasks such as: col- lect and analyze intelligence information; maneuver the force; target and provide fire support; conduct

2017 Fire Protection Informational Exchange Meeting

DTIC Science & Technology

documents the results of an information exchange meeting held May 1011, 2017 at the US Army Research Laboratory, which brought together interested...parties across the armed services to outline, as a community, the current state of the art in fire protection research and engineering and determine...where future efforts would be most advantageous. The forum provided the opportunity to strengthen old collaborations, begin new partnerships, and serve

Application of Mensuration Technology to Improve the Accuracy of Field Artillery Firing Unit Location

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-13

8 U.S. Army Field Artillery Operations ............................................................................ 8 Geodesy ...Experts in this field of study have a full working knowledge of geodesy and the theory that allows mensuration to surpass the level of accuracy achieved...desired. (2) Fire that is intended to achieve the desired result on target.”6 Geodesy : “that branch of applied mathematics which determines by observation

Elimination of spades in wheeled military vehicles using MR-fluid dampers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseinloo, Ashkan H.; Vahdati, Nader; Yap, Fook Fah

2011-03-01

Tracked military vehicles were the choice of fighting vehicles due to their heavy fire power, better armor package distribution, better traction, and ability to fire on the move without spades. Many armies are converting to all wheeled vehicles, but one of the drawbacks is the inability to fire on the move without spades. A 2D heave pitch vehicle model for HMMWV has been developed. Simulation results indicate that by the use of MR-fluid dampers with the skyhook controls, it is possible to remove the spades, control chassis vibration, and prevent vehicle lift off during mortar firing, without bursting the tires.

2006 Joint Services Small Arms Systems Annual Symposium, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-18

FE FE FE /F H FE/FH FE FH EXIT EX IT EX IT EX IT EXIT FH - FIRE HOSE FE - FIRE EXTINGUISHER N S W E LOUNGE 20 20 LOUNGE 20 20 31’ AAI Corporation 302...Sniper Rifle Congressional Program, Mr. Neil E . Lee, US Army ARDEC • Plasma Transfer Arc Fabrication of Enhanced Performance Barrels, Mr. Kris C...Years of Small Arms (1326 – 1626)”, Dr. Stephen C. Small, JSSAP/ARDEC Session IV: International Programs • Small Arms in NATO Transformation, Mr. Vernon E

Army Programmatic Environmental Assessment of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

vehicles  with  a  blast  resistant  V‐shaped underbody designed to protect the crew from mine blasts, fragments  and direct  fire  weapons.  The CAT I vehicle...Army Programmatic Environmental  Assessment   of the  Mine  Resistant  Ambush Protected (MRAP)  Vehicle Program        December 2010...06-07-2010 to 20-11-2010 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Army Programmatic Environmental Assessment of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle

Wernher von Braun

NASA Image and Video Library

1959-03-03

Dr. von Braun, Director of the Development Operations Divisons, and Dr. Debus, Director of the Missile Firing Laboratory; Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), in the blockhouse during the launch of the Pioneer IV, March 3, 1959.

State behavior during the Ukrainian crisis: the perspectives of Romania, France, and the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Four Leaders, Three Cease-Fires, and Two Summits.” Center for Strategic and International Studies , October 23, 2015. Accessed April 17, 2016. http...United States A Monograph By MAJ Valerică-Iulian Sărățeanu Romanian Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command...SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) School of Advanced Military Studies , Advanced Military Studies Program 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12

Fires. September-December 07

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

struction, troop-leading procedures and land navigation. The training, similar to the US Army Ranger Course, was so difficult that 56 out of 100...the students received a tab—similar to a US Army Ranger tab but with “Commando Course” written in Arabic and English.Two reiterations of the...airlifted by a variety of aircraft while the M-270 can only be loaded on one US Air Force aircraft—the C-5 “ Galaxy .” HIMARS is built on a wheeled rather

The Broken Machine: The US Army Division in the Age of Brigade Modularity

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-15

Doctrine, Division Training, General Staff Officer Education , Fires, Field Artillery, World War II 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF...age of Napoleon. This amazing transformation in the interwar period was the result of a focused effort by a cadre of leaders in the US Army to build...Reardon, Victory at Mortain, 265. 6 Peter J. Schifferle, America’s School for War: Fort Leavenworth, Officer Education , and Victory in World War II

FR/HR Sewing Thread

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of trade names in this report does not constitute an official endorsement or...project to design and develop a Fire Resistant (FR) and Heat Resistant (HR) sewing thread. The main goal of the project is to produce sewing threads made...addresses the design , development and testing of various Fire Resistant (FR)/Heat Resistant (HR) sewing threads for US Army applications. Such a sewing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, Daniel Steven; Efroymson, Rebecca Ann; Hargrove, William Walter

A multiple stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, M60- A1 tanks. This paper describes the ecological risk assessment for the missile launch and detonation. The primary stressor associated with this activity was sound. Other minor stressors included the detonation impact, shrapnel, and fire. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using the Army sound contour program BNOISE2, as well as distances frommore » the explosion to deer. Few effects data were available from related studies. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of human "disturbance" and hearing damage thresholds in units of C-weighted decibels (sound exposure level) and a distance-based No Observed Adverse Effects Level for moose and cannonfire. The risk characterization used a weight-of-evidence approach and concluded that risk to mule deer behavior from the missile firing was likely for a negligible number of deer, but that no risk to mule deer abundance and reproduction is expected.« less

Reassessing the Representative Heuristic of the Plywood Ballistic Mannequin Used in Live-Fire Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) April 2015 2. REPORT TYPE Final 3...the materials of construction of the current plywood ballistic mannequin (or manikin) should be more closely controlled and 2) to revise the US Army...Inappropriate 33 Appendix B. The American Plywood Association (APA) Wood Species Grouping 37 Appendix C. US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) Plywood

Improving the Future of the Army’s Future Combat Systems Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

that the Army will not be able to afford to focus on both its needs in Iraq and Afghanistan and its long-term vision of the future as if they were...and conventional fights. ‘After receiving situational awareness reports from the FCS network, the NLOS-C will be able to put precision fires on...defuse mines. 17 • Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV), which is a lightweight robot designed to be man-portable and to be able to scout ahead of

Report on Technical Advisory Services. Fiscal Year 1965

DTIC Science & Technology

1965-12-01

and train- ing problem areas depicted in movies of ET firings were reviewed . e. Visitors were provided information on requirementsfor a small tracking...Director’s Office from Division No. 1 served on a special Army committee to prepare an historical review of the training and use of marginnl personnel...Personnel: of. Smith. Capt. Shepherd (USN net.) Dotes: Sp-Doec 64 Days expentlef. 1 2ri ’-A ,,C VL 7. Assistance is being given in the review of Army

Special Operations Forces (SOF): An Integral Part of the Theater Operating System

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-08

Special Operations Forces (SOF) Operati’c-al MOUC Theater Operating Syst,:- Opelrational Fires G-eration Desert Sh.eld/;e sert Stormi Ccc.Tnd & cnrtrcl~ It...INTRODUCTION The classroom at the College of Naval Command & Staff was filled with field grade Army officers. The day’s lesson, part of the Army’s...service component SOF units; readers are inviter’ to turn to the many field manuals and publications which describe the characteristics of special

Allies of a Kind: Canadian Army-US Army Relations and the Korean War, 1950-1953

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

lective debauch — the only unit action of its type by Canadians in the Korean War — outraged Stone and hardened his heart to complaints about food...weapons firing that by design drove the faint- hearted and unfit Patricias from his ranks. His program of forced attrition alarmed Canadian personnel...Detention Barracks 1st Canadian Field Security Service 25th Canadian Public Relations Unit 25th Canadian Field Dental Unit, RCDC Unless formally

The Evolution of U.S. Army Doctrine: from Active Defense to Airland Battle and Beyond

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-13

Battle-Future? What lessons can be drawn that might inform the development and employment of U.S. Army doctrine in the future? This thesis will argue...These highly lethal fires can only restore our freedom to maneuver if the enemy cannot respond in kind. 125"Two Companies to Produce Winning SADARM...the ability to detect and destroy any battalion-sized unit that moves as far away as 400 kilometers. If the Soviets can do that as well, what safety

Progress Report NORSAR Phase 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-31

September after one year’s leave ->f absence in the army. 1.2 Property The NORSAR Maintanance Center (NMC) at Stange had a fire 24 November. Even...been down since 24 November due to the fire at NMC. 2.1 NDPC Activity An option for easy access to the model parameters at three different ...Message Ptccggor [TXPl Connection The use of the ARPANET terminal attachment from NORSAR in this quarter does not differ from earlier reported use

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. January - February 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

support). Just as a musician has to learn the fundamentals of his instrument and how to produce the desired melody, young officers must learn the...Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. • Headquarters, Department of the Army • PB644-12-1 Adapting young leaders through learning...progress, developments and best use in campaigns; cultivates a common understanding of the power, limitations and application of joint Fires, both

Test Planning, Collection, and Analysis of Pressure Data Resulting from Army Weapon Systems. Volume IV. Data Analysis of the M198 and M109 May 1979 Firings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

the M203 charge during May 1979 at Aberdeen Proving Ground . The data collection and analysis effort is part of a continuing program undertaken by...May to 18 May 1979 the M198 towed howitzer and the M109 self- propelled howitzer were fired with the 14203 charge at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds ...howitzer and the M109 self- propeiled howitzer were fired with the M203 charge at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds . This section of the report gives the

Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, Stewart F.; Chalmers, Ann; Mack, Thomas J.; Denner, Jon C.

2005-01-01

The Ethan Allen Firing Range of the Vermont Army National Guard is a weapons-testing and training facility in a mountainous region of Vermont that has been in operation for about 80 years. The hydrologic framework and water quality of the facility were assessed between October 2002 and December 2003. As part of the study, streamflow was continuously measured in the Lee River and 24 observation wells were installed at 19 locations in the stratified drift and bedrock aquifers to examine the hydrogeology. Chemical analyses of surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, and fish tissue were collected to assess major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and volatile and semivolatile compounds. Sampling included 5 surface-water sites sampled during moderate and low-flow conditions; streambed-sediment samples collected at the 5 surface-water sites; fish-tissue samples collected at 3 of the 5 surface-water sites; macroinvertebrates collected at 4 of the 5 surface-water sites; and ground-water samples collected from 10 observation wells, and samples collected at all surface- and ground-water sites. The hydrogeologic framework at the Ethan Allen Firing Range is dominated by the upland mountain and valley setting of the site. Bedrock wells yield low to moderate amounts of water (0 to 23 liters per minute). In the narrow river valleys, layered stratified-drift deposits of sand and gravel of up to 18 meters thick fill the Lee River and Mill Brook Valleys. In these deposits, the water table is generally within 3 meters below the land surface and overall ground-water flow is from east to west. Streamflow in the Lee River averaged 0.72 cubic meters per second (25.4 cubic feet per second) between December 2002 and December 2003. Streams are highly responsive to precipitation events in this mountainous environment and a comparison with other nearby watersheds shows that Lee River maintains relatively high streamflow during dry periods. Concentrations of trace elements and nutrients in surface-water samples are well below freshwater-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Brook-trout samples collected in 1992 and 2003 show trace-metal concentrations have decreased over the past 11 years. concentrations in water samples are well below levels that restrict swimming at all five stream sites at moderate and low-flow conditions and in all observation wells. Comparisons among surface-water, streambed-sediment, and biological samples collected in 2003 to earlier studies at the Ethan Allen Firing Range indicate water-quality conditions are similar or have improved over the past 15 years. Ground water in the stratified-drift aquifers at the facility is well buffered with relatively high alkalinities and pH greater than 6. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, and zinc were below detection levels in ground-water samples. Barium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and strontium were the only trace elements detected in ground-water samples. Cobalt and iron were detected at low levels in two wells near Mill Brook, and copper was detected at the detection limit in one of these wells. These same two wells had concentrations of barium and manganese 2 to 10 times greater than other ground-water samples. Concentrations of nutrients are at or below detection levels in most ground-water samples. Volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were not detected in any water samples from the Ethan Allen Firing Range.

Intelligent mobility for robotic vehicles in the army after next

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerhart, Grant R.; Goetz, Richard C.; Gorsich, David J.

1999-07-01

The TARDEC Intelligent Mobility program addresses several essential technologies necessary to support the army after next (AAN) concept. Ground forces in the AAN time frame will deploy robotic unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in high-risk missions to avoid exposing soldiers to both friendly and unfriendly fire. Prospective robotic systems will include RSTA/scout vehicles, combat engineering/mine clearing vehicles, indirect fire artillery and missile launch platforms. The AAN concept requires high on-road and off-road mobility, survivability, transportability/deployability and low logistics burden. TARDEC is developing a robotic vehicle systems integration laboratory (SIL) to evaluate technologies and their integration into future UGV systems. Example technologies include the following: in-hub electric drive, omni-directional wheel and steering configurations, off-road tires, adaptive tire inflation, articulated vehicles, active suspension, mine blast protection, detection avoidance and evasive maneuver. This paper will describe current developments in these areas relative to the TARDEC intelligent mobility program.

Tropic Test of Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-23

CM-R AMSTE-SG-H AMSTE-PT-MT AMSTE-RM Aberden Proving Ground , MD 21005-5055 Commander U.S. Army Armament Research and Development Command ATTN: AMSMC...Requirements Appendix E -Vision Devices Appendix F - Grounding Circuit Resistance Appendix G - Human Factors Appendix H - Distribution List -" -"" 3...miles of operation o Time-on-Target Baseline Tests o Selected electrical and grounding circuit resistances o Armament Firing (25mm, 7.62mm and TOW) o Fire

Evaluation of State-of-the-Art High Speed Deluge Systems Presently in Service at Various U.S. Army Ammunition Plants

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

designed to respond to. No data exists on spectral irradiances in the IR or UV spectral bands where the current detectors operate. A need exists to...appropriate fire/explosion detection spectral bands. Setting a pyrotechnic fire and testing the responses of commercial UV and IR detectors that are designed...PNZ B. DETECTOR BACKGROUND ............... 30 C. UV DETECTORS . . ............ . . . 32 D. IR DETECTORS . . . ......... . . ... 34 E. MACHINE VISION

Sensor and information fusion for improved hostile fire situational awareness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scanlon, Michael V.; Ludwig, William D.

2010-04-01

A research-oriented Army Technology Objective (ATO) named Sensor and Information Fusion for Improved Hostile Fire Situational Awareness uniquely focuses on the underpinning technologies to detect and defeat any hostile threat; before, during, and after its occurrence. This is a joint effort led by the Army Research Laboratory, with the Armaments and the Communications and Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Centers (CERDEC and ARDEC) partners. It addresses distributed sensor fusion and collaborative situational awareness enhancements, focusing on the underpinning technologies to detect/identify potential hostile shooters prior to firing a shot and to detect/classify/locate the firing point of hostile small arms, mortars, rockets, RPGs, and missiles after the first shot. A field experiment conducted addressed not only diverse modality sensor performance and sensor fusion benefits, but gathered useful data to develop and demonstrate the ad hoc networking and dissemination of relevant data and actionable intelligence. Represented at this field experiment were various sensor platforms such as UGS, soldier-worn, manned ground vehicles, UGVs, UAVs, and helicopters. This ATO continues to evaluate applicable technologies to include retro-reflection, UV, IR, visible, glint, LADAR, radar, acoustic, seismic, E-field, narrow-band emission and image processing techniques to detect the threats with very high confidence. Networked fusion of multi-modal data will reduce false alarms and improve actionable intelligence by distributing grid coordinates, detection report features, and imagery of threats.

Fires in Idaho and Montana

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

2000 continues to be the worst fire season in the United States in decades. By August 8, 2000, fires in Montana and Idaho had burned more than 250,000 acres. Resources were stretched so thin that Army and Marine soldiers were recruited to help fight the fires. President Clinton visited Payette National Forest to lend moral support to the firefighters. Dense smoke from Idaho and western Montana is visible stretching all the way to North and South Dakota in this image from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). The image was taken on August 7, 2000. Although the primary mission of SeaWiFS is to measure the biology of the ocean, it also provides stunning color imagery of the Earth's surface. For more information about fires in the U.S., visit the National Interagency Fire Center. To learn more about using satellites to monitor fires, visit Global Fire Monitoring and New Technology for Monitoring Fires from Space in the Earth Observatory. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

Performance of a Condensing Heat Exchanger in Recovering Waste Heat from a Natural Gas-Fired Boiler

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

conductea by Richard Caron, Sharon Jones DeVelle, and Kevin Fitzgerald of Arthur D. Little, Inc., under the direction of the U.S. Army Construction...Wienke, USACERL Information Management Office. The cooperation of Mr. Kevin Kinmon of Morton Thiokol, operating contractor for the Louisiana Army...at 00 Palo Steam(4441 k~ha/ht Makep Waer Fsilwter Steamn to Osorator 3733 lbA at 60FedwFe 441lblh atl15psl 3733o OFd (513 (lOGtut/l’ 2 6 0h ( 8 2 5B

13. Site D57 & 58C, Layout and Utility Plan, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Site D-57 & 58-C, Layout and Utility Plan, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1 March 1957. - Newport NIKE Missile Battery D-57/58, Integrated Fire Control Area, Newport Road, Carleton, Monroe County, MI

U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Reliability of Simulations of Physically Demanding Tasks Performed by Combat Arms Soldiers.

PubMed

Foulis, Stephen A; Redmond, Jan E; Frykman, Peter N; Warr, Bradley J; Zambraski, Edward J; Sharp, Marilyn A

2017-12-01

Foulis, SA, Redmond, JE, Frykman, PN, Warr, BJ, Zambraski, EJ, and Sharp, MA. U.S. Army physical demands study: reliability of simulations of physically demanding tasks performed by combat arms soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3245-3252, 2017-Recently, the U.S. Army has mandated that soldiers must successfully complete the physically demanding tasks of their job to graduate from their Initial Military Training. Evaluating individual soldiers in the field is difficult; however, simulations of these tasks may aid in the assessment of soldiers' abilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of simulated physical soldiering tasks relevant to combat arms soldiers. Three cohorts of ∼50 soldiers repeated a subset of 8 simulated tasks 4 times over 2 weeks. Simulations included: sandbag carry, casualty drag, and casualty evacuation from a vehicle turret, move under direct fire, stow ammunition on a tank, load the main gun of a tank, transferring ammunition with a field artillery supply vehicle, and a 4-mile foot march. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement (SEMs), and 95% limits of agreement. Performance of the casualty drag and foot march did not improve across trials (p > 0.05), whereas improvements, suggestive of learning effects, were observed on the remaining 6 tasks (p ≤ 0.05). The ICCs ranged from 0.76 to 0.96, and the SEMs ranged from 3 to 16% of the mean. These 8 simulated tasks show high reliability. Given proper practice, they are suitable for evaluating the ability of Combat Arms Soldiers to complete the physical requirements of their jobs.

SMART Fires: A COTS Approach to Tactical Fire Support Using a Smartphone

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

Battalion Landing Team C2 Command and Control C2PC Command and Control Personal Computer CAC Common Access Card COC Combat Operation Center COIN...functionality to way-points. It is currently available on the iTunes App Store for $5.99 (Tactical NAV, 2010). 11 MILS are a unit...download on both the iTunes App Store and the Android Marketplace. Apps for the Army (A4A) also created a repository for the applications submitted, along

Enhancing Combat Effectiveness, The Evolution of the United States Army Infantry Rifle Squad Since the End of World War II

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-01

some officers continued to search for better solutions. In 1994, Colonel Galen B. Jackman , the Director of the Infantry School’s Combined Arms and...to an analysis of the changing operational environment and the US Army’s current trend toward force reduction. Colonel Jackman believed that his...recommended organization would return to the infantry rifle squad the capability to conduct fire and maneuver. Colonel Jackman advocated smaller fire

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. November - December 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Fires, Building 652, Room 203, McNair...1 sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/ • November-December 2010 A Joint Professional Bulletin for U.S. Field and Air Defense Artillerymen November...Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals . November - December 2010 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S

The Development of a Rapid Train-Up Package and Platoon-Level Scenarios for Armor Training in the Army National Guard

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

equipped with T-72 tanks and BMPs. He has extensive indirect fire and electronic warfare assets. No chemicals have been used in the past 48 hours...BMPs. He has an extensive electronic warfare and indirect fire capability. Chemical weapons have not been used in the past 24 hours. Indications are...and Campshure (1989) observed that some battlefield activities are not simulated at all on SIMNET (e.g., dismounting, employing chemical alarms

Overview of Considerations in Assessing the Biomass Potential of Army Installations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

stage. Will the species grow well in poor soils and on harsh, open sites? Trees that met these standards were then grouped according to their...frequency of fire, (2) reduces the need of fire control methods such as controlled burns, and (3) makes site preparation easier.21 Whole-tree chipping...the "aesthetic" value of the stand is increased.22 The negative effect most often thought to occur with whole-tree chipping is loss of soil nutrients

The Road To The Objective Force. Armaments for the Army Transformation

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-06-18

Vehicle Fire Support Vehicle •TOW 2B Anti-Tank Capability Under Armor •Detection of NBC Hazards Mortar Carrier •Dismounted M121 120mm MRT Initially...engaged from under armor M6 Launchers (x4) Staring Array Thermal Sight Height reduction for air transport Day Camera Target Acq Sight Armament Remote...PM BCT ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE VEHICLE • TOWII • ITAS (Raytheon) - 2 Missiles • IBAS Day Camera • Missile is Remotely Fired Under Armor • M6 Smoke

Detailed Characterization of Hypervelocity Firings in a Long 120-MM Gun

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

Figure 14. Experinental Pressure-Time Curves for Round2L Qf S d Phase Firing Seris.± 14 series led to similarly good agreement in modeling the second...Applied Ballistics Branch, and Messrs. R. May, D . Meier, and S. Little of Applied Concets Corporation are acknowledged for their uEual high level of...LB IfG AT aCTRACT RAOFORD ARMY AMUNITION PLANT. RADFORO, VA. D rWAOM9- .-Z-0003 NITROCELLULOSE - ACCEPTED BLEND NUMB I NITROGEN CNTENT 1 KI STARCH I

Voice Recognition Vocabulary Lists for the Army’s TACFIRE System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

reasons for considering the impl-men-ation of vcice control to TACFIR3. Threshold Tnc. was contarted and the researchers were told that there was nothing...thra section on the lactical Fire Control Function. The next section will establish the v3cabalary for the message associated with thS Non -nuclear Fire...Professor Department of Operations Research E. F. Roland Rolands and Associates Reviewed by: Released by: K. T. Mrshl l, ermn Willia M. Tolles Department of

COUNTERMEASURE: Army Ground Risk-Management Information. Volume 24, Number 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

damp rag, or a dry, clean cloth. Underwear crew members and maintenance personnel must should be changed frequently and foot powder wear gloves to...only p rolem oh the unlined barrel due to the probability of firing ugly things can happen with unlined barrels. If SLAP ammo. SLAP ammo will cause the...unlined you chamber a SLAP round in an unlined barrel barrel to wear significantly faster than the lined and don’t fire the round, there is a good

Safety, Health, and Fire Prevention Guide for Hospital Safety Managers

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

Safety committee S 2-5 Oxygen quality assurance program 0 2-6 Safety and fire prevention library 0 2-7 Safety services to Dental Activities • 2-8...Chapter 2 Safety Management 2-1. Safety policy statement Health Services Command (HSC) Supplement (Suppl) 1 to Army Regulation (AR) 385-10 and the...Management. (b) The medical staff. (c) The nursing service . (d) Logistics. (e) Nutritional care. (f) Preventive medicine. * 2-3 USAEHA TG No. 152 March 1993 (g

An Objective Summary of US Army Electro-Optical Modeling and Field Testing in an Obscuring Environment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

NUMBER 7. AUTHOR( e ) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&) Robert A. Sutherland Donald W. Hoock Rirhard R r.nM NA 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS...smoke produced by a burning tank (BURN), another treats fires in general (FIRE), four are inventory smoke munitions expenditure models ( STILES , SEMM... E . Cramer (HEC) Company under contract to ASL and Tforms the basic transport and diffusion routine for the larger system called Experimental Prototype

Environmental factors affecting corrosion of munitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bundy, K.; Bricka, M.; Morales, A.

1995-12-31

Spent small arms munitions have accumulated for years at outdoor firing ranges operated by the DoD and other groups. Used bullets are often subjected to moisture sources. There is increasing concern that accumulations of lead-based munitions represent potential sources of water and soil pollution. To understand both the severity of and solutions to this problem, it is necessary to measure how rapidly bullets corrode and to determine the soil variables affecting the process. In this study M16 bullets were buried in samples of soil taken from Louisiana army firing ranges. Four environmental conditions were simulated; rain water, acid rain, seamore » water, and 50% sea water/50% acid rain. The three electrode technique was used to measure the bullet corrosion. Graphite rods served as counter electrodes. A saturated calomel reference electrode was used along with a specially constructed salt bridge. Electrochemical measurements were conducted using a computer-controlled potentiostat to determine corrosion potential, soil resistance, and corrosion current. The rate of corrosion was found to markedly increase with decreasing soil pH and increasing chloride and moisture contents, with the chloride content being the most influential variable. High soil resistance and noble corrosion potential were found to be associated with low corrosion rates. This is important since both parameters can be readily measured in the field.« less

The Lessons of Mumbai

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Airport attack in which three members of the Japanese Red Army opened fire and threw hand grenades at arriving passengers. Barricade and hostage...Albless Hospital, near the CST. 22:50 Gunfire at the Metro Theatre (Metro Cinema Junction). 23:00 Explosion in a taxi in Vile Parle in north

Fire Extinguishing Agents for Protection of Occupied Spaces in Military Ground Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-14

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). HFC-227 has high GWP. • The Army is considering replacing legacy agents with more...a l Ozone Depletion Potentiale 16 0 0 0 0 Global Warming Potentialf 6900 3500 1 0 0 Atmospheric Lifetime (yr) 65 33 0.014 0 0 S a f e t y Design...Extinguisher System  Discharge  in the STRYKER Combat  Vehicle: An Initial Assessment and Recommendations to Prevent Injury,” Walter Reed Army Institute of

33 CFR 334.230 - Potomac River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 334.230 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.230 Potomac River. (a) Naval Surface Weapons... except Sundays. (ii) When firing is in progress, no person, or fishing or oystering vessels shall operate...

Iraq War: Defense Program Implications for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-04

Sinnreich, Richard Hart. War Could Test Transformation The Hard Way. Lawton (Oklahoma) Constitution, February 16, 2003; Jaffe, Greg. Getting U.S...fire. McIntyre, Jamie . U.S. Crew Missing After F-15 Goes Down. CNN.Com, April 17, 2003; U.S. Army Helicopter Shot Down; 7 Killed, New York Times

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

1950-01-01

Test firing of a Redstone Missile at Redstone Test Stand in the early 1950's. The Redstone was a high-accuracy, liquid-propelled, surface-to-surface missile developed by the von Braun Team under the management of the U.S. Army. The Redstone was the first major rocket development program in the United States.

U.S. Army noncombat munitions injuries.

PubMed

Kopchinski, B; Lein, B

2001-02-01

The object of this study was to determine the types of noncombat injuries secondary to munitions sustained by U.S. Army soldiers. A retrospective review of all noncombat munitions injuries reported to the U.S. Army Safety Center from August 1989 to September 1996 was conducted. There were 742 incidents reported, resulting in 894 injured soldiers. The most common types of injuries were thermal burns, puncture wounds, and lacerations. The extremities were the most common anatomical location injured. The most common activities associated with injuries were combat training exercises, munitions firing, and rendering munitions safe. This study demonstrates a distinctive injury pattern for each category of munitions. Military readiness will be improved if we train all personnel to be familiar with the injury patterns and the most common situations associated with injury. By informing unit commanders which activities are associated with increased risk of injury, they may better prepare preventive measures to decrease the number of noncombat injuries.

75 FR 12735 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for Resumption of Year-Round Firing Opportunities at...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... until the discovery in 1990 that white phosphorus (a substance contained in certain Army munitions... when the ice is sufficiently thick to eliminate the risk of disturbing any underlying white phosphorus... white phosphorus from the local ecosystem. Active CERCLA cleanup at Eagle River Flats is scheduled for...

27 CFR 555.207 - Construction of type 1 magazines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Construction of type 1 magazines. A type 1 magazine is a permanent structure: a building, an igloo or “Army-type structure”, a tunnel, or a dugout. It is to be bullet-resistant, fire-resistant, weather-resistant...) Fabricated metal wall construction. Metal wall construction is to consist of sectional sheets of steel or...

27 CFR 555.207 - Construction of type 1 magazines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Construction of type 1 magazines. A type 1 magazine is a permanent structure: a building, an igloo or “Army-type structure”, a tunnel, or a dugout. It is to be bullet-resistant, fire-resistant, weather-resistant...) Fabricated metal wall construction. Metal wall construction is to consist of sectional sheets of steel or...

27 CFR 555.207 - Construction of type 1 magazines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Construction of type 1 magazines. A type 1 magazine is a permanent structure: a building, an igloo or “Army-type structure”, a tunnel, or a dugout. It is to be bullet-resistant, fire-resistant, weather-resistant...) Fabricated metal wall construction. Metal wall construction is to consist of sectional sheets of steel or...

Virtual war, military revolutions, and networks: a guide through the concepts from an Australian perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowley, Dean K.; Gaertner, Paul S.

2003-07-01

In this paper the argument is made that the offensive fire support organisation and doctrine, born of the "indirect fire revolution" of the first world war, is the start point for distributed sensors, shooters and deciders that may be transferred to a joint force; that the culture of directive control and mission orders developed by the German Army in 1918 and then adopted by most western armies is the start point for the culture required to achieve "self synchronisation" and that the network developed for the air defence of carrier battle groups is the start point for developing a networked ground manoeuvre force. We discuss the strategic expectations of network centric warfare, a "virtual war" scenario and the inherent vulnerabilities. The current level of understanding and implementation in specific areas is analysed and lessons for general application are developed and the potential payoff identified. Three broad operational domains are investigated, networked platform versus platform warfare between states, guerrilla/counter-insurfence operations and the emerging domain of "netwars" (terror organisations and criminal gangs).

Ballistic Evaluation of 7085 Aluminum

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

direct-fire threats and a lower strength, higher ductility variant, 7085-T7E02, for underbody blast protection kits. Ballistic evaluation was...direct-fire threats and a lower strength, higher ductility variant, 7085-T7E02, for underbody blast protection kits. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory...0.40 max 0.25 max a 0.10 max 0.12 max Titanium 0.06 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.02–0.10 0.15 max 0.10 max Zinc 7.0–8.0 3.50–4.50 0.25 max 0.10 max 0.25

Development of a Physical Employment Testing Battery for Infantry Soldiers: 11B Infantryman and 11C Infantryman-Indirect Fire

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

43 1.9 Images of Move Under Direct Fire (Task 10) 44 1.10 Engage Targets with a .50 Caliber M2 Machine Gun (Task 12) 45 1.11 Image of Lay a...Caliber M2 Machine Gun While wearing a fighting load (approximately 83 lb) and working as a member of a two-person team, Soldiers lifted and carried the... M2 HB Machine Gun with tripod (153 lb) a distance of 10 m. Army Standard: Successful completion of the task 13. Emplace Base Plate (11C

Research on Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

1[ >1 1? 1F RESEARCH ON FIRE-RESISTANT DIESEL FUEL INTERIM REPORT AFLRL No. 145 By W.D. Weatherford, Jr. G.E. Fodor M.D. Kanakia D.W. Naegeli B.R...GRANT NUMBER(S) W.D. Weatherford, Jr., G.E. Fodor, DAAK7O-80-C-OOO1 M.D. Kanakia, D.W. Naegeli , B.R. Wright (AFLRL) DAAK7O-82-C-OOO1 andF.W...Filters in Fuel Systems of U.S. Army Vehicles I:I , i , , , =- 111 REFERENCES 1. Weatherford, W.D., Jr. Fodor, G.E., Naegeli , D.W., Owens, E.C., Wright

Force transformation: an historical perspective from across the Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salt, John D.

2004-07-01

The twentieth century saw the armies of the US and the UK successfully meet a number of extreme demands imposed by changes in weapons technology and by politico-military events. In many cases, on both sides of the Atlantic, this has demanded a greater or lesser transformation of military organisation and practice. The present paper attempts a broad conspectus of the reactions of both armies to the most significant of these technological challenges, such as the magazine rifle, war gases, the tank, indirect-fire artillery, radio control, the atomic bomb, the guided missile and the digital computer. It seems that the US Army has been much more prepared than the British to re-organise itself to meet technological change. The British Army not only seems to have transformed itself less often, but also as a response to pressures other than those of technology. The author concludes that there are certain principles that have held good throughout a century of sometimes dizzying technological change, and which will be worth holding on to. The force transformation we see may not be entirely the one we expect.

72. ARAII. Interior view in ARA602 support building showing oilfired ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

72. ARA-II. Interior view in ARA-602 support building showing oil-fired hot air furnace and hot water boiler in foreground; hot water tank and diesel generator in background. December 12, 1957. Ineel photo no. 57-6099. Photographer: Jack L. Anderson. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Transformation under Fire: A Historical Case Study with Modern Parallels

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

during the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Most recently, he was honored with the USMA Apgar Award for Excellence in Teaching. He holds a B.S. in Russian and...the recent revision of Field Manual (FM) 3-24, Counterinsurgency; meanwhile, the Army’s core warfighting doctrine, FM 3-0, Operations, has not been

Experimental Design and Analysis for the FIST (Fire Support Team) Force Development Testing and Experimentation II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-01

median service time for a FIST IHQ to service Copperhead missions while in review mode and for mission workload (FO + ARMOR + CPH) was only 6.0...07703 Uazhin.tou, DC 20036 2 Coui-,ander 1 Comwanaer US Aruy larry Diaiaond Labs. US Army Belvoir ATTN: AIILHD- TD , Dr. Scully Research & Development

Mosquito bite protection of U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps fire-resistant uniforms

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The US Department of Defense system for personal protection of deployed personnel consists of wearing repellent on the skin and a permethrin-treated uniform to cover the rest of the body. Since 1991, treatment of combat uniforms with permethrin has been done primarily in the field using a 2 gallon ...

Evaluation of weapons' combustion products in armored vehicles. Appendix A: Sampling and analysis methods. Appendix B: Analytical data. Final report, 30 September 1986-14 December 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Menzies, K.T.; Randel, M.A.; Quill, A.L.

1989-01-01

The U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory defined an extensive research program to address the generation of potentially toxic propellant combustion products in crew compartments of armored vehicles during weapons firing. The major objectives of the research were (1) to determine the presence and concentration of propellant combustion products, (2) to determine potential crew exposure to these combustion products, and (3) to assess the efficacy of field monitoring in armored vehicles. To achieve these goals, air monitoring was conducted in selected armored vehicle types, i.e., M109, M60, M3, M1, at several Army installations.

Lead exposures and biological responses in military weapons systems: Aerosol characteristics and acute lead effects among US Army artillerymen: Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhattacharyya, M.H.; Stebbings, J.H.; Peterson, D.P.

1993-03-01

This study was to determine the concentration and chemical nature of lead (Pb) aerosols produced during the firing of artillery and to determine the exposures and biological responses of crew members exposed to lead aerosols during such firing. The concentrations of lead-containing aerosols at crew positions depended on wind conditions, with higher concentrations when firing into a head wind. Aerosol concentrations were highest in the muzzle blast zone. Concentrations of lead in the blood of crew members rose during the first 12 days of exposure to elevated airborne lead concentrations and then leveled off. There was no rapid decrease inmore » blood lead concentrations after completion of firing. Small decreases in hematocrit and small increases in free erythrocyte porphyrin were correlated with increasing exposure to airborne lead. These changes were reversed by seven weeks after firing. Changes in nerve conduction velocity had borderline statistical significance to airborne lead exposure. In measuring nerve conduction velocity, differences in skin temperature must be taken into account.« less

Occupational overpressure exposure of breachers and military personnel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamimori, G. H.; Reilly, L. A.; LaValle, C. R.; Olaghere Da Silva, U. B.

2017-11-01

Military and law enforcement personnel may be routinely and repetitively exposed to low-level blast (LLB) overpressure during training and in operations. This repeated exposure has been associated with symptoms similar to that reported for sports concussion. This study reports LLB exposure for various military and law enforcement sources in operational training environments. Peak overpressure and impulse data are presented from indoor breaching, outdoor breaching, shotgun door breaching, small arms discharge, and mortar and artillery fire missions. Data were collected using the Black Box Biometrics (B3) Blast Gauge sensors. In all cases, sensors were attached to the operators and, where possible, also statically mounted to walls or other fixed structures. Peak overpressures from below 1 psi (7 kPa) to over 12 psi (83 kPa) were recorded; all values reported are uncorrected for incidence angle to the blast exposure source. The results of these studies indicate that the current minimum safe distance calculations are often inaccurate for both indoor and outdoor breaching scenarios as true environmental exposure can consistently exceed the 4 psi (28 kPa) incident safe threshold prescribed by U.S. Army doctrine. While ballistic (shotgun) door breaching and small arms firing only expose the operator to low peak exposure levels, the sheer number of rounds fired during training may result in an excessive cumulative exposure. Mortar and artillery crew members received significantly different overpressure and impulse exposures based on their position (job) relative to the weapon. As both the artillery and mortar crews commonly fire hundreds of rounds during a single training session they are also likely to receive high cumulative exposures. These studies serve to provide the research community with estimates for typical operator exposure across a range of operational scenarios or in the discharge of various weapons systems.

Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress

MedlinePlus

... by clicking HERE US Army Culture for Researchers Book The Center has developed "US Army Culture: An ... of research involving soldiers and their families. The book provides information on a range of Army topics ...

Demolition Range Noise Abatement Technique Demonstration and Evaluation for the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

CALDERONE,JAMES J.; GARBIN,H. DOUGLAS

2001-08-01

Public concern regarding the effects of noise generated by the detonation of excess and obsolete explosive munitions at U.S. Army demolition ranges is a continuing issue for the Army's demilitarization and disposal groups. Recent concerns of citizens living near the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (MCAAP) in Oklahoma have lead the U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC) to conduct a demonstration and evaluation of noise abatement techniques that could be applied to the MCAAP demolition range. With the support of the DAC, MCAAP, and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), three types of noise abatement techniques were applied: aqueous foams, overburden (using combinationsmore » of sand beds and dirt coverings), and rubber or steel blast mats. Eight test configurations were studied and twenty-four experiments were conducted on the MCAAP demolition range in July of 2000. Instrumentation and data acquisition systems were fielded for the collection of near-field blast pressures, far-field acoustic pressures, plant boundary seismic signals, and demolition range meteorological conditions. The resulting data has been analyzed and reported, and a ranking of each technique's effects has been provided to the DAC.« less

Families in the Army: Looking Ahead

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

WRi 0ata FEA14-64) This study considers how aggregate demand for Army family services will change in the future and identifies long-range issues posed...although Army actions and policies could potentially modify that future. Four long-range issues deserve closer study and continued monitoring: (1...important issues those changes pose, and explores their implications for force manage- ment and service delivery policies. It is meant to provide RAND and

Assessing the Assignment Policy for Army Women

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the...research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the...the battlefield while locating and closing with the enemy to defeat them by fire, maneuver, or shock effect . 1 Les Aspin, Secretary of Defense

The United States Army 1996 Modernization Plan.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-03-08

and a cadre of operations, intelligence, fire support, air defense, and nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare personnel. As required, ARSPACE will...aerial and stand-off chemical and biological detection systems. " Decontamination improvements include Modular Decontamination System fielding in the near... Chemical . As many as 25 nations are producing and stockpiling chemical weapons. Weapons systems from mortars to missiles can deliver chemical warfare (CW

89. ARAIII. Petrochem oilfired gas heater installed in reactor building ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

89. ARA-III. Petro-chem oil-fired gas heater installed in reactor building (ARA-608). View is at floor level. Shows hand rails around heater pit and top of pit extending upwards through ceiling. January 20, 1959. Ineel photo no. 59-321. Photographer: Jack L. Anderson. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Safe Operation and Alignment of the Variable Pulse Width Laser at the US Army Research Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

that the stored lamp parameters match the desired flashlamp operating parameters. Then go back to the main menu and press “B” to select the desired...operating the laser at a high voltage, either press “STOP” on the flashlamp controller to discharge the capacitors or fire the laser a few times at

Military Contributions to Rescue and Relief During the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iversen, E. H.

2006-12-01

In both the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire and the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake the military has played a significant role in rescue and relief operations. This paper focuses on the work done by the Army at the Presidio of San Francisco and gives briefer accounts of the work done by other installations and services. The role the Army played in 1989 is compared and contrasted to the role it played in the 1906 Earthquake and Fire. One of the most striking points is that in both cases the city of San Francisco never included military aid in planning but also did not refuse it. Due to the reduction of the Department of Defense budget the Presidio of San Francisco was transferred to the National Park Service on October 1, 1994. Almost all other San Francisco Bay area military installations have been closed with the exception of those belonging to the Coast Guard. Considering the important role the military has played in the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes there is concern as to how the cities of the Bay Area will cope when the earth shakes the next time.

FY95 limited energy study for the area `a` package boiler. Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Kingsport, Tennessee. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-11-03

Holston Army Ammunition Plant (HSAAP) in Holston, Tennessee, manufactures explosives from raw materials. The facility comprises two separate areas designated Area `A11 and Area 11B`. Each area is served by a steam plant which produces steam for production processes, equipment operation, space heating, domestic water heating, steam tracing, and product storage heating requirements. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of alternative methods of meeting the steam requirements of the Area 11A11 industrial complex. The following items were specifically requested to be evaluated. Evaluate the use of two new gas-fired packaged boilersmore » sized to meet the requirements of the industrial complex. The new boilers would be installed adjacent to the existing steam plant and would utilize the existing smokestacks and steam distribution system. Evaluate using the existing steam distribution system rather than locating multiple boilers at various sites. Existing steam driven chillers will be replaced with electric driven equipment. Evaluate this impact on the steam system requirements. Field survey and test two existing gas-fired packaged boilers located at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The two boilers were last used about 1980 and are presently laid away. The boilers are approximately the same capacity and operating characteristics as the ones at HSAAP. Relocation of the existing boilers and ancillary equipment (feedwater pumps, generators, fans, etc.) would be required as well as repairs or modifications necessary to meet current operating conditions and standards.« less

Loss of Military Performance due to Individual NBC Protection in a Tropic Environment (belasting en prestatieverlies door individuele nbc-beschermin gin de tropen)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

SMP) 1 Trg Area 1330-1430 SMP 2 Trg Area 16 nov 0800-0900 SMP 3 Trg Area 0930-1200 Offensive Fire - LIVE FIRE Range 1 Range Complex 1300-1530 Command...Control Evaluation (C2) 1 Range Complex 1600-1700 SMP 4 Trg Area 17 nov 0930-1200 Defensive Fire - LIVE FIRE Range 2 Range Complex 1300-1530 Command...Control Evaluation (C2) 2 Range Complex 18 nov 0800-0900 SMP 5 Trg Area 0930-1200 Offensive Fire - LIVE FIRE Range 2 Range Complex 1300-1530

Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brownell, Andrew T.; Hapke, Cheryl J.; Spore, Nicholas J.; McNinch, Jesse E.

2015-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, collaborated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, to collect shallow water bathymetric data of the Wilderness breach on Fire Island, New York, in June 2013. The breach formed in October 2012 during Hurricane Sandy, and the USGS is involved in a post-Sandy effort to map, monitor, and model the morphologic evolution of the breach as part of Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B: Linking Coastal Vulnerability and Process, Fire Island. This publication includes a bathymetric dataset of the breach and the adjacent nearshore on the ocean side of the island. The objective of the data collection and analysis is to map the bathymetry of the primary breach channel, ebb shoal, and nearshore bar system.

Army Airmobility Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-03-01

is restricted only by the practical range of its organic aerial vehicles which provide its high degree of mobility; a form of warfare that not only... ORGANIC AIRCRAFT RADIOS 1* Chapter and Appendix. APPENDIX 4 ARMY AIRCRAFT WEAPONS SYSTEMS APPENDIX 5 ARMY AVIATION ORGANIZATIONS IL. APPENDIX 6 AIRMOBILE...helicopters, fix,:d wing aircraft, and organizations and equipment associatetd with Army aviation. It provides basic and general information, and

Ground-based lidar beach topography of Fire Island, New York, April 2013

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brenner, Owen T.; Hapke, Cheryl J.; Spore, Nicholas J.; Brodie, Katherine L.; McNinch, Jesse E.

2015-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in Florida and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, collaborated to gather alongshore ground-based lidar beach elevation data at Fire Island, New York. This high-resolution elevation dataset was collected on April 10, 2013, to characterize beach topography following substantial erosion that occurred during Hurricane Sandy, which made landfall on October 29, 2012, and multiple, strong winter storms. The ongoing beach monitoring is part of the Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B. This USGS data series includes the resulting processed elevation point data (xyz) and an interpolated digital elevation model (DEM).

Assessing Conventional Army Demands and Requirements for Ultra-Light Tactical Mobility

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

hour Enemy or adversary actions Population Decision points Reserve Fires Engineer PMO AMD CBRN Intelligence R&S Avn Bde M o ve m en t an d m an eu ve...LDMove on Route Irish Seize on OBJ Irene 2nd BCT Cross LDMove on Route Longstreet Seize on OBJ Rose 3rd BCT FPOL with 1st BCT Airdrop resupply AMD Avn Bde

Enhancing Fire Control Decision Making with the Patriot Cognitive Skills Trainer: Development and Validation

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-01

existing instruction. In addition, the methodology used to identify decision-triggers may be applied to other Army domains to develop instruction...ADDIE is an instructional design framework used as a descriptive guideline for building effective training and performance support tools. 3 In...and evaluate information, and create a solution—were Level Descriptive Terms Additional Examples Create Generating – hypothesizing Planning

75 FR 26988 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of Defense, Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... counted items are 78 faunal bone fragments, 1,326 pieces of mammal bone, 9 fish bones, 5 pieces of bird bone, 114 pieces of charcoal, 5 olivella shell beads, 43 basalt and cryptocrystalline/chert tools, and 1 piece of fire cracked rock. The 78 lots or samples are 43 weighed lots of mammal bone (2,564 grams...

United States Army Medical Department Journal, January-March 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

or reclassification. Soldiers at a minimum must be able to perform the following common tasks: fire individual weapon ; wear the ballistic helmet...the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (1996). The President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and...Committee on Human Radiation Experiments resulted in Executive Order 12975,𔃽 which established the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) in

Survey of Microcleaning Methods for Application to Army Coal-Fired Plants

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

Authority (TVA) has successfully reduced its cost of controlling SOX by combining postcombustion flue gas desulfurization equipment with precombustion coal...effective way of meeting the new standards for SOl Several options are available, in- cluding flue gas desulfurization , fluidized bed combustors, and...are available, including flue gas desulfurization , fluidized bed combustors, and precombustion cleaning. This report (Cont’d.) 20 DISTRIBUTION

M109 Family of Vehicles, Paladin Integrated Management (PIM): Operational Assessment of the Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT and E)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

procedures and Army doctrine. During pre -IOT&E training and developmental testing , the combat developer discovered that when projectiles were fired using...Director, Operational Test and Evaluation M109 Family of Vehicles, Paladin Integrated Management (PIM) Operational Assessment of the...Initial Operational Test and Evaluation October 2011 January 2017 J. Michael Gilmore Director

Methodology for Scour Evaluation of US Army Installation Bridges: A Proposed Evaluation for Scour Risk and Channel Instability

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

rainfall runoff relations ....................................................... 9  Step 2: evaluate hydraulic conditions...earthquakes, landslides , or forest fires might result in a large sediment load. Major changes in the stream might be reflected in aggradation, degradation...removal of material from around piers, abutments, and embankments, caused by an acceleration of flow and by vortices induced by the flow around

Innovative Solidification Techniques for Hazardous Wastes at Army Installations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Fixed Hazardous Industrial Wastes and Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludges," Interim Report, EPA-600/2-76-182, US Environmental Protection Agency... flue gas . Flyash from coal-fired power plants is an almost entirely inorganic product having a glassy nature. Consequently, flyash by itself has little...effective- ness of alternative control strategies for reducing environmental impacts. 4. % 46 -"- °° ~~~~~...-.-..o

Mammalian Toxicology Testing: Problem Definition Study, Global Army Toxicology Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

Electronic Warfare Equipment (D251) Tactical ECK System (64750A) Protective Electronic Warfare Equipment (D540) High Energy Electromagnetic Radiation...Fighting Portable Weapon (for IFV) Smoke Grenade Launcher Staff Smart, Target-Activated Fire-and-Forget Tactical ECK System (63755A) Protective Electronic...Warfare Equipment (D251) Tactical ECK System (64750A) Protective Electronic Warfare Equipment (D540) High Energy Electromagnetic Radiation Weapons (e.g

Guidance and Control Aspects of Tactical Air-Launched Missiles

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

information; - Continuously stimulating advances in the aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defence pusture; -- Improving the co...Symposium on Precision Delivery Systems was held at Eglin Air Force Base , Florida. USA. Many important advances in guidance sensor technology, control system...paper concentrates primarily or the US Army Missile Command’s technology base for development of the precision pointing and tracking or fire control

Defense Infrastructure: In-Kind Construction and Renovation Projects Initiated by DOD during Fiscal Year 2013

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

property conveyed by the Navy. Installation officials generally have more flexibility in real-estate transactions. According to officials of the...Air Force Civil Engineer Center, in-kind payment projects offer installation officials greater flexibility in executing real-estate transactions...air conditioning, fire protection, utility connections, pavement , and information systems. Agreement between Army and Air Force Exchange Services

Determining fate and transport parameters for nitroglycerine, 2,4-dinitrotoluine, and nitroguanidine in soils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gosch, D. L.; Dontsova, K.; Chorover, J.; Ferré, T.; Taylor, S.

2010-12-01

During military operations, a small fraction of propellant mass is not consumed during firing and is deposited onto the ground surface (Jenkins et al., 2006). Soluble propellant constituents can be released from particulate residues into the environment. Propellant constituents of interest for this study are nitroglycerine (NG), 2,4-dinitrotoluine (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluine (2,6-DNT), and nitroguanidine (NQ). The goal of this work is to determine fate and transport parameters for these constituents in three soils that represent a range of geographic locations and soil properties. This supports a companion study that looks at dissolution of NG, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and NQ from fired and unfired solid propellant formulations and their transport in soils. The three soils selected for the study are Catlin silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, superactive Oxyaquic Argiudoll), Plymouth sandy loam (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamment), and Sassafras loam (fine loamy, siliceous, mesic Typic Hapudult). Two of these soils, Plymouth sandy loam and Sassafras loam, were collected on military installations. Linear adsorption coefficients and transformation rates of propellant constituents were determined in batch kinetic experiments. Soils were mixed with propellant constituent solutions (2 mg L-1) at 4:1 solution/soil mass ratio and equilibrated for 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 120 hr at which time samples were centrifuged and supernatant solutions were analyzed for target compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using U.S. EPA Method 8330b for NG, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT, and Walsh (1989) method for NQ. Adsorption and transformation of propellant constituents were determined from the decrease in solution concentration of these compounds. It was determined that all studied compounds were subjected to sorption by the solid phase and degradation. Catlin soil, with finer texture and high organic matter content, influenced solution concentration of NG, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and NQ to the greatest extent. Estimated fate and transport parameters will support ongoing release and column transport studies and will allow environmental managers on military installations to better estimate potential for propellant constituent transport off-site. Jenkins, T.F., A.D. Hewitt, C.L. Grant, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, M.E. Walsh, T.A. Ranney, C.A. Ramsey, A.J. Palazzo, and J.C. Pennington. 2006. Identity and distribution of residues of energetic compounds at army live-fire training ranges. Chemosphere 63:1280-1290. Walsh, M.E. 1989. Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water. Special Report 89-35. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.

Assessment of Energy Storage Technologies for Army Facilities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

units, and the other on tandem units with separate multistage pump and Pelton impulse turbine . The third scheme was a double-drop type based on the...used to drive the turbine /generator. Exhaust gas from the low-pressure turbine may be used to preheat inlet air to the high-pressure turbine . Storage...for firing CAES plant turbines . A Battelle publication summarizes reservoir stability criteria and research directed toward minimizing or eliminating

Director, Operational Test and Evaluation FY 2005 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

agent at room temperature, and moderate humidity in a specially-sealed chamber at Dugway Proving Ground , Utah. • The tolerance of the...Manned Ground Vehicles. The Army is conducting extensive NLOS-C developmental test firings at Yuma Proving Ground , Arizona. A detailed report on... agent , another would destroy ton containers of mustard blister agent ). After completion of a campaign, the facility will revert to OT status for

Obscuration Due to Dust of a Laser Beam in a Gun Firing Environment - Preliminary Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-10-01

34 APG- MT-4371, Nov 1973, Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD (AD Number: 915796L). 13. Engineering Design Handbook, Ballistic Series, "Interior Ballistics of...Technical Library Watervliet, NY 12189 Director Ballistic Research Laboratories Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD 21005 Commander US Army Electronics...RHFL Warren, MI 48090 Commander Aberdeen Proving Ground ATTN: Tech Lib., Bldg 313 Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD 22005 Chief of Naval Research

The Promise of Precision

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Ali Ibrahim Al Dulaymi , Commander, I Republican Guard Corps in Kevin M . Woods et al ., The Iraqi Perspectives Report: Saddam’s Senior Leadership on...The Americans were able to induce fear throughout the army by using precision air power.”11 Additionally, the commander of the Al -Nida Armored...use of any other weapon system, including ground-based anti-tank missiles, so conventional artillery fire destroyed an entrenched tank.18 At Al

Engineering Guide for Fire Protection and Detection Systems at Army Ammunition Plants. Volume 1. Selection and Design

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

type of personnel likely to he using them, (3) the physical environment , (4) health and operational safety considerations. Carefully selected portable...operated apparatus must have the battery and energy-limiting components located outside the hazardous environment , and be so constructed that a direct...designate effect on equipment or personnel), based upon the most severe result of personnel error, procedural deficiencies, environment , design

Development of a remediation strategy for surface soils contaminated with energetic materials by thermal processes: Phases 1, 2 and 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Various remediation strategies are currently being studied ( phytoremediation , fire ecology, etc.) in order to address the problem of surface soils...treatments for explosives-contaminated soils: aqueous-phase bioreactor treatment, composting, land farming, phytoremediation , white rot fungus treatment...study achieved a 30 to 40 % contaminant degradation. • Phytoremediation : The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is developing technologies to

Mission Impact Through Neuro-Inspired Design (MIND) Laboratory: Design Principles and Performance Characteristics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

sprinkler , fire alarm, and mass-notification systems ). Piping required for the sprinkler system uses dielectric couplers at each penetration of the...environment for neuroscience research designed for studying Soldier- system interactions in support of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s...Engineers, of Towson, MD, —designed the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and electrical systems ; Hi-Tech Services, Inc., of Ferndale, WA

The Enhanced Speed Bag System

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-18

vantages and few disadvantages. Th e most distinct advantage is that the aircraft can maintain a relatively safe altitude and speed , rendering it less...July–August 2015 Army Sustainment46 The enhanced speed bag sys-tem (ESBS) is a cutting-edge piece of equipment. Its pur- pose is to facilitate...reasonable speed (20 knots). The ESBS enables Sol- diers to conduct quick and accurate resupply operations while avoiding enemy small-arms fire and

Fire Support Coordination Measures by the Numbers

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-06-01

the enemy in defense; and Period Three (27 to 28 Feb), Coalition operations with the enemy withdrawing. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Commander-in...flying in Operation Desert Storm and participated in the Highway 8 attacks. 97 Scales, 290. 98 Ibid., 315. 99 William L. Smallwood , Warthog, Flying...General, USA. Certain Victory: The US Army in the Gulf War. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Command and General Staff College Press, 1994. Smallwood , William L

Energy Sustainability and the Army: The Current Transformation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

heating and 20 cooling for buildings; wood-fired central heating plant; pyrolysis plant for conversion of wood to liquid fuels; synthetic mobility fuels...Http://Www.Sciencedaily.Com/Releases/2008/ 08/080818184434.Htm. Accessed 22 August 2008. Anonymous, “Bio-Fuel from Corn , Switch-Grass And Misconthus...Press_Releases_Seven.Html. Accessed 15 August 2008. Anonymous, “Protecting Soils and Producing Bio-Fuel With Corn Stover, Science News, 7 November 2008. Available

Army and Marine Corps Active Protection System (APS) Efforts

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-23

with hard or soft kill capabilities to a variety of threats, including rocket -propelled grenades (RPGs) and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). APS...of threats, including rocket -propelled grenades (RPGs) and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). APS technologies are not new, and a number of nations...training. 1 RPGs are basically single man-portable, shoulder-fired, unguided rockets . RPGs have been widely proliferated but can be mitigated to a

BMDO Raptor/Talon Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

During the lambing season, disturbance to the sheep potentially jeopardizes lamb survival, and thus the overall stability of the herd June 1993...New Mexico 88004 May 3, 1993 Commander U.S. Army, White Sands Missile Range ATTN: STEWS -ES-E (Bldg. T-150) White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico...263 2-22-93-1-264 Commander U.S. Army, White Sands Missile Range ATTN: STEWS -ES-E (Bldg. T-150) White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 88002

The United States Army Social Media Handbook, Version 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

new facebook timeline design . We also take a closer look at the steps needed to establish a social media presence and how to register that...important tool for army messag- ing and outreach . the army uses a variety of social media platforms designed to support a range of media from text...from the Midwest . checklist for Operations Security for Official army Pages designate members of your team responsible for posting content to the

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research Development and Testing (31st) Held at the Madison, Wisconsin on 23-25 October 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

LOW SUN ANGLES,’ ....... "’eorgeAnitole, Ronald I. Johnson and Christopher J. Neubert . . . 201 , ~ ~EIBULL TAIL MODELING FOR ESTIMATING CONFIDENCE ON...Richard H. Duncan, Technical Director, and Chief Scientist White Sands Missile Range Paul H. Thrasher, White Bands Missile Range MODELS FOR CONTINGENCY...INDIVIDUAL SAMPLING PLANS TO A COMPARABLE GROUP PLAN Paul A. Roediger, US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command John A. Mardo, US Army Armament

Malleability and Measurement of Army Leader Attributes: Personnel Development in the U.S. Army

DTIC Science & Technology

as generalized self -efficacy and expertise, may be amenable to change, but development requires substantial time and effort. A second objective of the...review are relevant not only to leadership and to the Army but to development and assessment of personnel in a wide range of positions and organizations .

33 CFR 334.440 - New River, N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...; Marine Corps firing ranges. 334.440 Section 334.440 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS..., N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges. (a) Atlantic Ocean east of New River Inlet. The... section are referred to true meridian. (b) New River. The firing ranges include all waters to the high...

33 CFR 334.440 - New River, N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...; Marine Corps firing ranges. 334.440 Section 334.440 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS..., N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges. (a) Atlantic Ocean east of New River Inlet. The... section are referred to true meridian. (b) New River. The firing ranges include all waters to the high...

33 CFR 334.440 - New River, N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...; Marine Corps firing ranges. 334.440 Section 334.440 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS..., N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges. (a) Atlantic Ocean east of New River Inlet. The... section are referred to true meridian. (b) New River. The firing ranges include all waters to the high...

33 CFR 334.440 - New River, N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...; Marine Corps firing ranges. 334.440 Section 334.440 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS..., N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges. (a) Atlantic Ocean east of New River Inlet. The... section are referred to true meridian. (b) New River. The firing ranges include all waters to the high...

33 CFR 334.440 - New River, N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; Marine Corps firing ranges. 334.440 Section 334.440 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS..., N.C., and vicinity; Marine Corps firing ranges. (a) Atlantic Ocean east of New River Inlet. The... section are referred to true meridian. (b) New River. The firing ranges include all waters to the high...

Fire and weather disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern Cascades.

Treesearch

James K. Agee

1994-01-01

Fire has been an important ecological process in eastside Cascade ecosystems for millennia. Fire regimes ranged from low severity to high severity, and historic fire return intervals ranged from less than a decade to greater than 300 years. Fire history and effects are described for grassland and shrubland ecosystems, and the range of forested communities by plant...

Fragile Victory

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-08

units, in addition to the armored and mechanized divisions north of Kuwait City, comprised the VIII Tank Corps. The goalies , located on the northern... pull the Saudi fat out of an August fire. Utilizing the opposed mechanized movement rates established by the Army’s CACDA Jiffy III War Game, Volume...against an enemy who frequently was unwilling "to pull the trigger". Our national will, untested due to the quick, bloodless nature of the war, probably

Enhanced Met Message for Fire Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

STAT AITN: LTC Graut I DGAM 00450 Armees ATTN: Mr. J.L. Perez Minguez FRANCE Poligono de Experiencias Paseo de Extremedura 28024 Madrid SPAIN 24 No. of...Computer Meteorological Message." STANAG 4082, De - partment of the Army, Washington, D.C., June 1969. Arnold, A., and Bellucci, R. "Variability of...Copies Organization Copies Organization Ecole Royale Militaire I BWB-WM II 6 ATTN: Prof. E. Celens ATTN: Mr. V. Buehner Avenue de la Renaissance 30

Environmental Impact Research Program. Brush Piles. Section 5.3.1, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

game species. Skunks (Mephitis and Spilogale spp.), raccoons (Procyon lotor), opossums (Dideiphis virginiana ), river otters (Lutra canadensis...cropland clearing, release cutting and pruning , fence repair, and clearing of fire lanes and openings (Burger 1973, Yoakum et al. 1980). General...apple (Malus spp.), basswood (Tilia spp.), and maple (Acer spp.) (Burger 1973). Such clippings will often be available as a by-product of pruning and

Relationship between Main Civilian Occupation and Army General Classification Test Standard Score. Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-03-07

Picture (285) ....... •"■*’ Cameraman, Motion Picture (043) 115 Canvas Cover Renairuan (OhU) ■ * Car Carpenter, Railway (046) i<" Car Mechanic...Film Editor, Motion Picture (l3l) .,,,.,♦ * 15 Filter Operator, ^ tor Supply (O83). # 10 Fingerprinter (307) ’. . * 30 Fire Fighter (383) ,. 128...Mechanic (322) .... Registered Nurse (225) ....... Repairman, Camera (042) Repairman, Canvas Cover (044) . . . Repairman, Central. Of fice (095

Current Simulation Methods in Military Systems Vulnerability Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

Weapons * 1990: JASON Review of the Army Approach to Vulnerability Testing Many of the suggestions and recommendations made by these committees concern...damage vectors. Ongoing work by the JASONs 29 is also targeted to developing statistical methods for LF-test/SQuASH-model comparisons in Space 2]. We...Technical Report BRL-TR-3113, June 1990. 28. L. Tonnessen, A. Fries , L. Starkey and A. Stein, Live Fire Testing in the Evaluation of the Vulnerability of

Energy to the Edge (E2E) Equipment Assessment U.S. Army Rapid Equipping Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

120 • Packaging - (3) each (AC module, DC module, and battery module). • System - • Lithium - ion Ferrous Phosphate (LFP), Capability...Mortar Fire Control Systems (MFCS). Lithium batteries were used which reduce Findings: Small Power Systems batteries . The result reduced the...information on lithium batteries . d. • Lower the temperature setting for the cooling fan when inverting power. • output in order to prevent power tripping

Economics of Third-Party Central Heating Plants to Supply the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Third-Party Gas-Fired Boiler Economics 52 APPENDIX C: Third-Party Gas Turbine Cogeneration Economics ( PURPA ) 58 APPENDIX D: Government Gas Turbine...Turbine Cogeneration Economics (Installation and PURPA Purchase) 76 APPENDIX G: Checklist for Identifying Optimal Third-Party Projects and Bidders 82...of scale 37 4 Relative costs of thermal energy from third-party cogeneration plants (@ 4C/kWh PURPA payment) 38 5 Comparison of life-cycle costs for

Changing the Army’s Weapon Training Strategies to Meet Operational Requirements More Efficiently and Effectively

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

System Maneuver COe M4/16 Rifle M9 pistol M2 , MK19, and M240B Machine Guns , M249 Squad Automatic Rifle Bradley Fighting Vehicle Abrams Tank Fires COe 155mm...27 Rifle, Machine Gun , and SAW Training...are called desig- nated weapons. For example, a maintenance company may have some machine guns authorized for self-protection that are manned by

Prioritization of Threatened and Endangered Species Sound Research on Army Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-11-01

Currently, soldiers are restricted from disturbing dense stands of Agave plants (e.g., Agave palmeri, A. deserti, and A. parryi , etc.) and from...bats are present (AERTA 1999). Threats to Lesser Long-nosed Bat survival – Habitat destruction of desert vegeta- tion and over harvesting of Agave ...currently restricted from conducted fire producing training activities in dense stands of agave as a way to reduce any military impacts on the species

Fires. October-December 08

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

COL David J. Brost and LTC Richard A. McConnell, both FA 14 excalibur: A New Precision engagement Asset in the Warfighter’s toolkit By LTC Noel D...constitutes neither affirmation of their accuracy nor product endorsements. By Order of the Secretary of the Army: George W. casey Jr. General... Brost and LTC Richard A. McConnell, both FA FA and economic Development in iraq: One Chicken at a Time An Iraqi man unloads crates of chicks in Arab

Getting the Best Value in a Source Selection

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

leadership, for both civilian and military program managers . Army COL James C. Mills relieved COL Gary D. Stephens as project manager for the...Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems (PFRMS) on July 15. COL William D. Jackson relieved COL Thomas H. Todd as project manager for Utility...Helicopters (UH) on July 15. COL Shane N. Fullmer relieved COL John Cavedo, Jr. as project manager for Joint Program Office, Joint Light Tactical Vehicles

The Impact of Emotional Arousal on Learning in Virtual Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-09-01

intelligence (AI) algorithms, weapon fire/hit/miss rate, health of the players , etc.) within the actual code of the game/VE. No other game offered...experiment was conducted to observe learning differences in a low-arousal condition and a high-arousal condition. A first-person shooter videogame ...and a high-arousal condition. A first-person shooter videogame (America’s Army: Operations) was used as the virtual environment. In the low

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research, Development and Testing (29th)

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

SEQUENTIAL TESTING (Bldg. A, Room C) 1300-1330 ’ 1330-1415 1415-1445 1445-1515 BREAK 1515-1545 A TRUNCATED SEQUENTIAL PROBABILITY RATIO TEST J...suicide optical data operational testing reliability random numbers bootstrap methods missing data sequential testing fire support complex computer model carcinogenesis studies EUITION Of 1 NOV 68 I% OBSOLETE a ...contributed papers can be ascertained from the titles of the

Noise exposure assessment and abatement strategies at an indoor firing range.

PubMed

Kardous, Chucri A; Willson, Robert D; Hayden, Charles S; Szlapa, Piotr; Murphy, William J; Reeves, Efrem R

2003-08-01

Exposure to hazardous impulse noise is common during the firing of weapons at indoor firing ranges. The aims of this study were to characterize the impulse noise environment at a law enforcement firing range; document the insufficiencies found at the range from a health and safety standpoint; and provide noise abatement recommendations to reduce the overall health hazard to the auditory system. Ten shooters conducted a typical live-fire exercise using three different weapons--the Beretta.40 caliber pistol, the Remington.308 caliber shotgun, and the M4.223 caliber assault rifle. Measurements were obtained at 12 different positions throughout the firing range and adjacent areas using dosimeters and sound level meters. Personal and area measurements were recorded to a digital audio tape (DAT) recorder for further spectral analysis. Peak pressure levels inside the firing range reached 163 decibels (dB) in peak pressure. Equivalent sound levels (Leq) ranged from 78 decibels, A-weighted (dBA), in office area adjacent to the range to 122 dBA inside the range. Noise reductions from wall structures ranged from 29-44 dB. Noise abatement strategies ranged from simple noise control measures (such as sealing construction joints and leaks) to elaborate design modifications to eliminate structural-borne sounds using acoustical treatments. Further studies are needed to better characterize the effects of firing weapons in enclosed spaces on hearing and health in general.

Solar Eclipse (1979). Part II. Initial Results for Ionization Sources, Electron Density, and Minor Neutral Constituents.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

OH 45433 Director Commandant Office of Missile Electronic Warfare US Army Field Artillery School ATTN: DELEW-M-STO (Dr. Steven Kovel) ATTN: ATSF- CF -R...Commander Commandant US Army White Sands Missile Range US Army Field Artillery School ATTN: STEWS-PT-AL (Laurel B. Saunders) ATTN: ATSF- CF -R White Sands...Commander Defense Communications Agency US Army INSCOM/Quest Research Corporation Technical Library Center ATTN: Mr. Donald Wilmot Code 222 6845 Elm Street

Fire history and pattern in a Cascade Range landscape.

Treesearch

Peter H. Morrison; Frederick J. Swanson

1990-01-01

Fire history from years 1150 to 1985 was reconstructed by analyzing forest stands in two 1940-hectare areas in the central-western Cascade Range of Oregon. Serving as records for major fire episodes, these stands revealed a highly variable fire regime. The steeper, more dissected, lower elevation Cook-Quentin study area experienced more frequent fires (natural fire...

Evaluation of Military Range Berm Effectiveness in Protecting Red-cockaded Woodpecker Foraging and Nesting Habitat

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

Benning – Malone 5 Malone 5 is an unbermed SA machine gun (firing 7.62 mm or smaller caliber rounds) range with elevated firing and target boxes (~1...plots, not originally allocated. Fort Stewart – Kilo The Kilo range on Fort Stewart is an unbermed SA machine gun (firing 7.62 mm or smaller...is a bermed SA machine gun (firing 7.62 mm or smaller caliber rounds) range with elevated firing boxes and targets (~1-m high; Figures 6 and 7). The

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1967-09-09

This image depicts a firing of a single H-1 engine at the Marshall Space Flight Center’s (MSFC’s) Power Plant test stand. This 1950s test stand, inherited from the Army, was used to test fire engines until the Test Area was completed in the latter 1960s. The H-1 engine was the workhorse of the first Saturn launch vehicles and used in the Saturn I, Block 1 and II, and in the Saturn IB. The eight H-1 engines were attached to a thrust frame on the vehicle’s aft end in two different ways. Four engines are rigidly attached to the inboard position and canted at a three degree angle to the long axis of the booster. The other four engines, mounted in the outboard position, are canted at six degrees.

The Kuwait Oil Fire Health Risk Assessment Biological Surveillance Initiative.

PubMed

Deeter, David P

2011-07-01

An important environmental concern during the first Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) was assessing exposures and potential health effects in U.S. forces exposed to the Kuwait oil fires. With only 3 weeks for planning, a Biological Surveillance Initiative (BSI) was developed and implemented for a U.S. Army unit. The BSI included blood and urine collections, questionnaire administration, and other elements during the predeployment, deployment, and post-deployment phases. Many BSI objectives were accomplished. Difficulties encountered included planning failures, loss of data and information, and difficulty in interpreting laboratory results. In order for biological surveillance initiatives to provide useful information for future deployments where environmental exposures may be a concern, meaningful, detailed, and realistic planning and preparation must occur long before the deployment is initiated.

Selection of the thermal imaging approach for the XM29 combat rifle fire control system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brindley, Eric; Lillie, Jack; Plocki, Peter; Volz, Robert T.

2003-09-01

The paper briefly describes the XM29 (formerly OICW) weapon, its fire control system and the requirements for thermal imaging. System level constraints on the in-hand weight dictate the need for a high degree of integration with other elements of the system such as the laser rangefinder, direct view optics and daylight video, all operating at different wavelengths. The available Focal Plane Array technology choices are outlined and the evaluation process is described, including characterization at the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and recent field-testing at Quantico USMC base, Virginia. This paper addresses the trade study, technology assessment and test-bed effort. The relationship between field and lab testing performance is compared and path forward recommended.

Lead exposure at firing ranges-a review.

PubMed

Laidlaw, Mark A S; Filippelli, Gabriel; Mielke, Howard; Gulson, Brian; Ball, Andrew S

2017-04-04

Lead (Pb) is a toxic substance with well-known, multiple, long-term, adverse health outcomes. Shooting guns at firing ranges is an occupational necessity for security personnel, police officers, members of the military, and increasingly a recreational activity by the public. In the United States alone, an estimated 16,000-18,000 firing ranges exist. Discharge of Pb dust and gases is a consequence of shooting guns. The objectives of this study are to review the literature on blood lead levels (BLLs) and potential adverse health effects associated with the shooting population. The search terms "blood lead", "lead poisoning", "lead exposure", "marksmen", "firearms", "shooting", "guns", "rifles" and "firing ranges" were used in the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct to identify studies that described BLLs in association with firearm use and health effects associated with shooting activities. Thirty-six articles were reviewed that included BLLs from shooters at firing ranges. In 31 studies BLLs > 10 μg/dL were reported in some shooters, 18 studies reported BLLs > 20 μg/dL, 17 studies > 30 μg/d, and 15 studies BLLs > 40 μg/dL. The literature indicates that BLLs in shooters are associated with Pb aerosol discharge from guns and air Pb at firing ranges, number of bullets discharged, and the caliber of weapon fired. Shooting at firing ranges results in the discharge of Pb dust, elevated BLLs, and exposures that are associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. Women and children are among recreational shooters at special risk and they do not receive the same health protections as occupational users of firing ranges. Nearly all BLL measurements compiled in the reviewed studies exceed the current reference level of 5 μg/dL recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH). Thus firing ranges, regardless of type and user classification, currently constitute a significant and unmanaged public health problem. Prevention includes clothing changed after shooting, behavioural modifications such as banning of smoking and eating at firing ranges, improved ventilation systems and oversight of indoor ranges, and development of airflow systems at outdoor ranges. Eliminating lead dust risk at firing ranges requires primary prevention and using lead-free primers and lead-free bullets.

Enabling Decisive Strategic Maneuver for the Army Beyond 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

System and a small Advanced Fire Support System ( AFSS ). In the long run, it might be better to have several vehicles share an AFSS . These are...18 tons M-113APC 9 tons C’OTM 4 tons Flyer w/5 ton AFSS 10 tons Flyer, 5 ton resupply 10 tons Robotic rotorcraft Self ferry All systems were...Task Force Man-portable Air Defense System Manpower and Personnel Integration Micro- Autonomous Vehicles Micro-Electro-Mechanics Micro Electric

Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals. January - February 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

the Army, our all-volunteer human capital , how to shape the force for the future fight, and creating a professional organization in a resource...from 1911 such as caring for your equipment, scouting techniques and joint force development. Several articles from the 1911 issue are printed this... ventured across friendly lines to strip the enemy plane of its machine guns, and other useful equipment. The patrol was also successful in cutting away

Eliminating Fratricide from Attack Helicopter Fires: An Army Aviator’s Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-03

conflict. The question then becomes, is it inevitable? Virtually every discussion, thesis, or study on the topic of fratricide has concluded that, taken in...system, perhaps fratricide’s inevitability can be challenged. The question for this study then becomes: Given the virtual all 3 weather, day/night...other references devoted to the topic of fratricide throughout the manual, it is a start. It is virtually impossible to even find mention of fratricide in

The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

oars or heavy poles were used to propel it. Under the direction of Lowe, the ship became a “flattop” that could be maneuvered into positions of ad...was disbanded, having made its last ascensions during the Chancellorsville Campaign a month earlier. During its existence the balloon corps (or de ...attached to a number of ropes coming down from the balloon. On one occasion when he was subjected to par- ticularly heavy artillery fire and wished

On Celestial Wings,

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-11-01

naval attach6 in Washington, D.C., and had regularly attended American 22 DEATH ON A BRIGHT SUNDAY MORNING League baseball games at Griffith Stadium in...Army Air Corps, ordered a study of the defenses of Oahu, the Hawaiian Island occupied by Pearl Harbor and the all important Hickam Field. The report...entanglement wiping out the landing gear. I opened the bottom hatch and ran in case the plane caught fire. The pilot’s only comment was, "Well, I brought you a

Considerations for Operations on Urban Terrain by Light Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

precaution to make themselves "less detecta.ble* in the city. Some, because of the way in which they draped belts of ammunition over themse es...German Infantry Weapons of world Wa_ !I. London: 4rms and Armour Press, 1969. Bavly. Dan. Fire in Beirut. Briarcliff Manor: Stein and Day Publishers, 1984...Echelon.* Unpublished paper, Fort Leavenworth, 1983. Smith, Field Officer R.G. "The Soviet Armoured threat and NATO Anti- Armour capabilities." The- Army

Environmental Assessment: Construct Fire Station at Grand Forks Air Force Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency or person undertakes such other actions” (40 CFR §1508.7). Cumulative effects are likely to arise when...dining, relaxing, and physical fitness . 4 .2 Need for the Action ( why this action is desired or required- why here, why now) : The 1957-vintage main...Army permit would not be required . If you disagree with this jurisdictional determination, you have the right to appeal the decision . If you would like

Congreve Rockets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

The British fired Congreve rockets against the United States in the War of 1812. As a result Francis Scott Key coined the phrase the 'rocket's red glare.' Congreve had used a 16-foot guide stick to help stabilize his rocket. William Hale, another British inventor, invented the stickless rocket in 1846. The U.S. Army used the Hale rocket more than 100 years ago in the war with Mexico. Rockets were also used to a limited extent by both sides in the American Civil War.

An Overview of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems as Applied to Army Scale Central Heat Plants

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-01

heat transfer surfaces located in the path of the exiting combustion gases generate additional steam. Flue gas particulates entrained in the combustion...anid the overall heat transfer surface anid boiler volume can be reduced. After the hot flue gas exits thie bed, it enters the external COnv.ctfion...rates, underfeed stoker fired combustors emit little smoke, and only a low concentration of particulates entrained in the flue gas . Under these

A Spatially Explicit Model of Red Imported Fire Ant Behavior for Managing Species at Risk on Military Lands

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

of gastropods (e.g., Helicodiscus spp. and Mesodon spp.), carabid beetles (Rhadine reyesi), and spiders (Cicurina spp.), respectively (Taylor et al...the availability of the RIFA model for direct application or adaptation to the environment at a specific locale. The RIFA model is available to the...http://earth.cecer.army.mil/SARPVA at no charge, for adoption or adaptation by natural resource managers working within RIFA territories. Although

Dragon Operations: Hostage Rescues in the Congo, 1964-1965 (Leavenworth Papers, Number 14)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

lying in the street. 28 The corpse of Dr. Carlson 103 Off-loading medical supplies and food at Stanley.ville The paras’ assembly of the survivors was...attempted to care for the refugees- providing food , water, and shelter from rebel fire-Strobaugh and the · Belgians worked feverishly to get them safely...Georges Ledant, Colonel e.r. Belgian Army, interviews with the author, Ville Franche , France, 9 January 1986: Vandewalle interviews; and Janssens

Close Air Support in a Joint Environment: Disconnect Between the Services and How Can Close Air Support Be Improved

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-05

military expecting technology to close the gap between the lack of CAS training and the expected pilot proficiency in multiple roles? To be an... Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 19 March 2004. McGrath, John. Fire for Effect: Field Artillery and Close Air Support in...including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations

Information Management Principles Applied to the Ballistic Missile Defense System

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

of a BMDS. From this, the Army produced the Nike -Zeus system comprised of four radars, the Zeus missile, and a computer fire control system (General...made the Nike -Zeus our first National Missile Defense (NMD) system named Sentinel. The architecture was to cover 14 locations, 10 of which were...1999). Additionally, there are cultural impacts (Gordon & Gordon, 1999). A company choosing an Apple OS may have to wage a big fight against the

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

The British fired Congreve rockets against the United States in the War of 1812. As a result Francis Scott Key coined the phrase the "rocket's red glare." Congreve had used a 16-foot guide stick to help stabilize his rocket. William Hale, another British inventor, invented the stickless rocket in 1846. The U.S. Army used the Hale rocket more than 100 years ago in the war with Mexico. Rockets were also used to a limited extent by both sides in the American Civil War.

The Art of Selection: Command Selection Failures, and a Better Way to Select Army Senior Leaders

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-12

and Effects ( MFE ), Force Sustainment (FS), and Operations Support (OS). Board members review board files in accordance with the instructions given to...Fires, and Effects ( MFE ), Operations Support (OS), and Force Sustainment (FS). The exact composition of a command selection board is governed by a...policy updated annually by the Military Personnel Management Directorate. For example, the MFE lieutenant colonel command board will be made up of one

Results of field testing with the FightSight infrared-based projectile tracking and weapon-fire characterization technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Snarski, Steve; Menozzi, Alberico; Sherrill, Todd; Volpe, Chris; Wille, Mark

2010-04-01

This paper describes experimental results from recent live-fire data collects that demonstrate the capability of a prototype system for projectile detection and tracking. This system, which is being developed at Applied Research Associates, Inc., under the FightSight program, consists of a high-speed thermal camera and sophisticated image processing algorithms to detect and track projectiles. The FightSight operational vision is automated situational intelligence to detect, track, and graphically map large-scale firefights and individual shooting events onto command and control (C2) systems in real time (shot location and direction, weapon ID, movements and trends). Gaining information on enemy-fire trajectories allows educated inferences on the enemy's intent, disposition, and strength. Our prototype projectile detection and tracking system has been tested at the Joint Readiness Training Center (Ft Polk, LA) during live-fire convoy and mortar registration exercises, in the summer of 2009. It was also tested during staged military-operations- on-urban-terrain (MOUT) firefight events at Aberdeen Test Center (Aberdeen, MD) under the Hostile Fire Defeat Army Technology Objective midterm experiment, also in the summer of 2009, where we introduced fusion with acoustic and EO sensors to provide 3D localization and near-real time display of firing events. Results are presented in this paper that demonstrate effective and accurate detection and localization of weapon fire (5.56mm, 7.62mm, .50cal, 81/120mm mortars, 40mm) in diverse and challenging environments (dust, heat, day and night, rain, arid open terrain, urban clutter). FightSight's operational capabilities demonstrated under these live-fire data collects can support closecombat scenarios. As development continues, FightSight will be able to feed C2 systems with a symbolic map of enemy actions.

Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Archuleta, Christy-Ann M.; Eames, Deanna R.

2009-01-01

The Rio Grande Civil Works and Restoration Projects Web Application, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Albuquerque District, is designed to provide publicly available information through the Internet about civil works and restoration projects in the Rio Grande Basin. Since 1942, USACE Albuquerque District responsibilities have included building facilities for the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, providing flood protection, supplying water for power and public recreation, participating in fire remediation, protecting and restoring wetlands and other natural resources, and supporting other government agencies with engineering, contracting, and project management services. In the process of conducting this vast array of engineering work, the need arose for easily tracking the locations of and providing information about projects to stakeholders and the public. This fact sheet introduces a Web application developed to enable users to visualize locations and search for information about USACE (and some other Federal, State, and local) projects in the Rio Grande Basin in southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.

Installation Restoration Program Management Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-03-01

Proving Ground Dugway Proving Ground White Sands Missile Range Yuma Proving Ground Aviation Missile Command Redstone Arsenal Letterkenny Army Depot...approved for Public Release DUC QUALITY INSPECTED 3 REPLY TO ATTENTION OF DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND ...environmental documents. The TIC is located at the USAEC at Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD. If an installation or MACOM/MSC is not aware of

33 CFR 334.200 - Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River... Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland, danger zones. (a) Aerial firing range—(1) The danger zone. The waters...

33 CFR 334.200 - Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River... Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland, danger zones. (a) Aerial firing range—(1) The danger zone. The waters...

33 CFR 334.200 - Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River... Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland, danger zones. (a) Aerial firing range—(1) The danger zone. The waters...

Dust Cloud Models: Sensitivity of Calculated Transmittances to Variations in Input Parameters

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

Artillery School ATTN: DELEW-M-STO (Dr. Steven Kovel) ATTN: ATSF- CF -R (CPT James M. Watson) White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 Fort Sill, OK 73503 Office...STEWS-PT-AL (Laurel B. Saunders) ATTN: ATSF- CF -R White Sands Missile Range, RM 88002 Fort Sill, OK 73503 Commander Commandant US Army RAD Coordinator...Army Field Artillery School ATTN: OELEW-M-STO (Dr. Steven Kovel) ATTN: ATSF- CF -R (CPT James M. Watson) White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 Fort Sill, OK

Using Natural Cementation Systems to Control Corrosion Dust on Un-surfaced Roads

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

metallurgical slags ), volcanic glass , fly ash and low-fired clays • Can use waste alkali from manufacturing operations • No Portland cement is involved Soil...solidified with alkali- activated glass slag US Army Corps of Engineers 4 Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA) as a Test Site • Serious dust problem at site...Conventional Cement? • Glass can be both the aggregate and form the cementing phase • Waste glass ( slag , fly ash) can be used • More alkaline solution is

Improvements Needed on DoD Procurements from Robertson Fuel Systems (REDACTED)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-25

reasonable price, but is not certified. 4 A ballistically self-sealing tank is designed to prevent fuel loss and a fire after damage. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY...pubs/index.cfm. DoD IG DODIG-2015-120, “Defense Logistics Agency Did Not Obtain Fair and Reasonable Prices from Meggitt Aircraft Braking System for...Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Repair Parts,” April 4, 2014 DODIG-2014-020, “U.S. Army Contracting Command Did Not Obtain Fair and Reasonable

Responses to Three USARIEM Job Analysis Questionnaires (JAQ’s) Conducted with Cannon Crewmembers and Fire Support Specialists (MOS’s 13B and 13F)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-26

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) designed and conducted a total of three web - administered job analysis...for seven of the Army’s most physically demanding jobs, researchers from the USARIEM and Human Performance Systems, Inc. designed three web ...quality of some item responses. 3) This survey was web -administered, and thus participants had limited opportunity to seek feedback about question

Ballistic Analysis of Firing Table Data for 155MM, M825 Smoke Projectile

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

PROVING GROUND , MARYLAND I I 4 .i. NOTICES Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. DO NOT return it to the originator. Additional copies of this...ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING MONITORING U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory AGENCY REPORT NUMBER ATTN: SLCBR-DD-T BRL-R-3865 Aberdeen Proving Ground ...thru September 1988 at Dugway Proving Ground . Such an analysis will consider whether the M825 MOD PIP Base projectile is ballistically matched or

The Evolution of Air and Nuclear Doctrine: The Theories that Shaped SIOP-62

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

Smoke , Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974), 11. 11 Posen, The Sources of Military...Air Corps, refuted this idea by stating, “the objective of war is to overcome the enemy’s will to resist , and the defeat of his army, his fleet or the...should focus on bombardment aviation as its dominant arm. He noted that although antiaircraft fire was a threat to bomber formations, it could not

Right Sizing the People’s Liberation Army: Exploring the Contours of China’s Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

two, the PLA Navy is large, capable, and prepared for joint operations. Thus, by 2016 , the Navy might be expected to become dominant among East...in Wuhan, Hubei province. 57. Edward Cody, “China Confirms Firing Missile to Destroy Satellite,” Washington Post, January 27, 2007, p. A8. For two...with the concept of “timely, sensor-to- shooter information direct to the warfighter.”23 All the services caught on, however, 199 in an effort to link

Franklin Edward Kameny (1925-2011, Astronomer)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wright, Jason

2012-01-01

Dr. Frank Kameny is best known today as one of the most important members of the gay rights movement in the United States, but he was also a PhD astronomer. In fact, it was his firing from his civil service position as astronomer for the US Army Map Service on the grounds of homosexuality that sparked his lifelong career of activism. Here, I explore some aspects of his short but interesting astronomical career and the role of the AAS in his life.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Method for Basic Marksmanship Training on an Australian Army Course

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

in DSTO’s Land Division. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree and First Class Honours Degree in Psychology from the University of Adelaide. He...also holds a Master of Psychology Degree from the University of South Australia and is a Registered Psychologist in Australia. He joined DSTO in 2002...including LF6 qualification. There was no evidence of negative training associated with using different colour targets in the simulator and live-fire

Simplified Resiliency Analysis of U.S. Army TOE (Table of Organization and Equipment) Units

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

leadership , fire support, and comnunications assets are all key factors in determining a military unit’s ability to continue its mission. [Ref 5] A...significantly related to combat effectiveness. The perception of the soldier’s possibility of’ survival, competent leadership , and the soldier’s belief that what...good leadership , high morale and esprit de corps. The second may be ineffective due to the lack of one or all of these same qualities. The second

Electronic Joint Army/Navy Point Detonating/Delay Fuze

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

be battery powered and will use an existing S & A , such as an M739 . We recormiended that the fuzes be fired at various zones and high-speed cameras...Demonstrator 10 Power Supply Tasks 47 11 Electronic S & A 43 11.1 Explosive Barrier Module 49 11.2 Internal Development Program 51 12 Fuze Packaging...program, contract number DAAK10-80-C-0049. We included the Electronic S & A and Fuze Packaging sections to present a complete understanding of the overall

Development of Army Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

45 C C Service Station Fuel Semple 85 A 75B AB C C 95 95 Service Station Fuel Sample 8 00 A -7B\\ A -7s C Refiney Fu UNMODIFIED* MODIFIED* SURFACTANT...Change in Brake Power, % -11.2 Change in Brake Specific Volumetric Fuel Consumption, % +17.7 Change in Thermal Efficiency of Work Cycle, abs % - 1.6...and unmodified surfactant) 2. Cladosporium resinae . 3. ASTM mixed fungal spore inoculum (only with item A5 and with item A4 made with deionized water

U.S. Air Forces Aerial Spray Mission: Should the Department of Defense Continue to Operate this Weapon of Mass Dispersion

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

pesticide application over farm fields to produce a better crop.2 On 3 August 1921 in a joint effort between the U.S. Army Signal Corps in Dayton, Ohio... pesticide dissemination because of the relatively small amount of product needed to spray for nuisance insects over a vast area. The ULV system is... pesticide per minute. Applications that require massive amounts of liquid herbicide to neutralize cheatgrass and other fire-prone, invasive vegetation on

Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army, August 2008. Special Edition: Counterinsurgency Reader II

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

method to obtain the information Soldiers need to succeed in counterinsurgency. 133 Paper and COIN: Exploiting the Enemy’s Documents Major Vernie...people (IDPs) Use technicians to make DVDs and web site Extortion: provide “protection” merchant’s vehicles Pass info tea shop grid 17S12345678...merchant who provides printing and materials for paper TCP: Traffic Control Point, SAF: Small Arms Fire, MNF-I: Multi-National Forces-Iraq from local

Providing Boiler Inspections at US Army Installations: How to Perform Internal/Operational, Efficiency, and Emissions Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

corrosion can be found on tubes , tubesheets, and in steam- drums, most often near the waterline in steam boilers . Oxygen pitting can also occur anywhere...components present in the feedwater onto wetted boiler surfaces including fire- tubes and water- tubes . Since scale is a good insulator, the thicker...steel surfaces of a steam boiler . However, heavier scale accumulates on the lower steel surfaces of the tubes , mud-drum, and boiler shell. SLUDGE

Medical Department, United States Army. Wound Ballistics for World War II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1962-01-01

Georgia Island at Zanana Beach between 2 and 6 July to pro- ceed to a line of departure on the Barike River. After considerable fighting, with heavy...1 mile of the Barike River along the Munda trail. At 1100 hours on 19 July, when the battalion was advancing along this trail, it came under...automatic weapons fire at the Barike River; several men were killed and several wounded. The river was not crossed until 20 July, CASUALTY SURVEY, NEW GEORGIA

An Evaluation of Reed Bed Technology to Dewater Army Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

speculated that the plants produced "root exudations" that were active against pathogens, and that the plants specifically showed an affinity for cadmium , zinc...Schwenksville, PA Topton Sewage Treatment Topton. PA Wabash WWTP Wabash . IN Wallingford Fire District #lWastewater Treatment Plant Wallingford. VT...Navy Group 06/88 Tom Severance Security 207-963-5534 Winter Harbour. ME Wabash WWTP. IN 09/91 Vincent J. Bauco 219-563-2941 20 Table 4 (Cont’d

A Gearless Safe and Arming Device for Artillery Firing (Program Summary and Mathematical Analysis)

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-09-01

not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be constued as an official De - partment of the Army position unless so...MECHANICS OF THE GEARLESS S&A MECHANISM 72 Friction Not Considered 17 Friction Considerations 7 3 Mesh Friction 73 Bearing Friction Other System ...Size) 18 5 DVA Gearless Booster (M572E2 Size) 20 6 Gearless S&A: Design 2; Configuration 3 29 7 Returnable Setback System 31 8 Lower Lever

A Comparative Analysis of the Resources Required for Test and Evaluation on Army-Led Weapon System Programs, Based Upon Program Size and Acquisition Management Complexity

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

Program Manager PMO Program Manager Office POM Program Objective Memorandum PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPT Production Prove...test • Technical feasibility test • Engineering development test • Production prove-out test ( PPT ) • Software qualification test 22 • Live fire...improvement BIDS (P3I) system is equipped with a detection suite to include high volume samplers, a fluorescent particle counter/sizer, a flow

Earth, Wind, and Fire: Elemental Properties of Army and Air Force Cooperation in Close Air Support, 1945-1991

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

9 Carl H. Builder, The Icarus Syndrome : The Role of Air Power Theory in the Evolution and Fate of the U.S. Air Force (New Brunswick, New... head -on in Europe. In rapid sequence, the United States faced another strategic challenge in October 1949, when Mao Zedong and the Chinese...General Twining took the experiences in Korea as an example of where future warfare would be heading and made it a point throughout the

The British Armed Forces Covenant - Protection for Tommy or a Civil Military Battleground

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

he would have been happy to hasten a General Election, which, in his mind, would have been for the good of both the country and the British Army...ire of the Labour government and probably expected to be fired for his actions. Matthew Paris of the [London] Times newspaper noted, “General Dannatt...winnable, as the historian Max Hasting stated in the Times “the British [ Labour ] Government has become increasingly cynical about its own war and

Operational Resiliency Assessment of an Army Company Team

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

enemy with direct fire assets. For example, the Abrams tank employs a 120 millimeter main gun and a .50 caliber machine gun with which to engage...eight personnel each, complimented by two medium-caliber machine guns , an anti-armor section, and two dismounted anti-aircraft missile systems...Dismounted Infantry Squad 8 3 Anti-Aircraft Missile Team 1 2 Anti-Armor Section 1 2 PKM Med MG Machine Gun Team 1 2 2 12.7mm Heavy MG Tank Platoon 4 1

Decisive Action Training Environment at the Joint Readiness Training Center, Vol.14: Company-Level Combined Arms Maneuver

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

isolate the breach. “At the company level, direct fire control measures are effective only if the entire unit has a common understanding of what they mean... units must have the same control measures , and these measures must be shared with 66 CENTER FOR ARMY LESSONS LEARNED adjacent units for them to be...Graphic control measures • Adjacent unit coordination • CCIRs • Command and signal • Rules of engagement (ROE) Mission Orders in Practice During

Environmental Assessment: Addressing Construction Projects at Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station, New York

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Aeronautical Research Center missile site (Site 5), JP-4 tank truck spill (Site 7) at the eastern end of Taxiway A, Building 202 Drum Storage Yard (Site...BNOISE2. BNOISE2 was developed by the . U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory for the Operational Noise to assess large arms weapons...was estimated using the OneShot component of BNOISE2. Per AR 200-1, if there are multiple weapon types fired from one location, the single-event

Distributed Common Ground System - Army (DCGS-A) Increment 1 Release 2 Follow-on Operational Test and Evaluation (FOT and E) Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

Moving Target Indicator, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), Rivet Joint, U-2, and ground signals intelligence (PROPHET). At the BCT, Ranger Regiment and... metadata catalog managed by the DIB management office (outside of the DCGS-A system ). A metadata is a searchable description of data, and users across...challenge for users . The system required reboots about every 20 hours for users who had heavy workloads such as the fire support analysts and data

DoD Civilian Training: Source, Content, Frequency and Cost

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

Intelligence School Charleston, SC, and the Fire School will move to Fort Huachuca, AZ, from portion of the Naval Technical Training Fort Devens , MA...Recruiting & Retention School 2 10 Fort Bliss, TX Air Defense Artillery 2 I 11 Fort Devens , MA Army Intelligence School 4 12 Fort Eustis, VA Aviation...17457 4385 Gigllng Road- 8th Floor , Fort Ord, CA 93941-5800 94 6 8 07A’ The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness issued a tasker

The 2006 Lebanon Campaign and the Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and Defense Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

a separate peace that would leave Hitler in power.33 In all three examples—Imperial Japan, Wilhelmine Germany, and Nazi Germany—state governments in...helmets, web vests, body armor, dog tags, and rank insignia .92 On occasion, IDF units hesitated to fire on Hezbollah parties in the open because their...North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) in 1999, Japan’s in 1944, Nazi Germany’s in 1944, or Wilhelmine Germany’s in 1917; in military terms

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 68, Number 6, June 1928

DTIC Science & Technology

1928-06-01

text book on the Turkish Army, and two guide books. The maps available were not up to date and contained few details. Writing in his diary under date...The moon shone faintly through the clouds and at 1 :00 A. M. the ships stopped, waiting for the moon to set. While lying here, all six men-of-war...against the firing table value of 63 yards. The prohable error of the prohahle error was then determined in the same manner that we ordinarily compute the

A Comparative Analysis of the Army MQ-8B Fire Scout Vertical Takeoff Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VTUAV) and Navy MQ-8B Manpower & Training Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

manning requirements, Military Occupational Specialty Codes ( MOSC ) are briefly explained. The MOS code ( MOSC ) consists of nine characters and...provides more defined information than a soldier’s MOS. The MOS is used in automated management systems and reports. The MOSC is used in active and...reserve records, reports, authorization documents, and other personnel management systems. The elements of the MOSC are as follows: First three

Fully Fueled TACOM Vehicle Storage Test Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

Messrs. H. Hobart, T. Wilson, and T. Hinkley , DRSTA-GSP, U.S. Army Tank Automotive Command (TACOM) for providing both liai- son and fuel-sampling...and its characteristics are as follows: Density, g/ml 0.9 Flash point , *F 140 Fire point , *F 145 Pour point , *F -50 Neutralization No., TAN 25 TBN 130...following characteristics: Density, g/ml 1.05 Flash point , *F 144 Pour point , *F -27.5 Viscosity, cSt, @ 70*F 29 Boron content 7.4% Water (free

Small ICBM Area Narrowing Report. Volume 1. Hard Mobile Launcher in Random Movement Basing Mode

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

WHICH STATE INSTALLATION SERVICE ELIMINATED DE DOVER AIR FORCE BASE AF 4 DE REC AREA, FIRST ARMY ARMY 3 FL AVON PARK AIR FORCE RANGE AF 3 FL CAPE...PLANT NO. 47 AF 3 OH COLUMBUS DEF CONST SUPPLY CTR ARMY 4 OH COLUMBUS WEAPONS IND RES PLANT NAVY 3 OH EVANDALE PLANT NO. 36 AF 3 OH LIMA ARMY TANK...BLANK I I I I i I I I D-19 SENSITIVE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 29I 331 J11 31 Alabam .._ _ . _ _ ............. _ . BAY MNETI ALLENTOW DE FUNII X0 LAN AT NO

U.S. Army Training and Testing Area Carrying Capacity (ATTACC) for Munitions (AFM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-01

Army Training Support Center USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation...Range condition is a function of climate, soil , and hydrology. The munitions impact, constituent load, and range condition are modeled using AFM...For ArcGIS v2 to attain expected concentrations of munitions constituents and corresponding risk due to exposure through soil - and water-related

A Comparison of Antenna Measurements in a Near-Field Range and a Newly Renovated Short-Tapered Chamber

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to quantify and compare electromagnetic device (i.e., antenna) measurements using the US Army...15. SUBJECT TERMS electromagnetic , chamber, near-field range, anechoic chamber, antenna measurement 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...undertaken to quantify and compare electromagnetic (EM) device (i.e., antenna) measurements using the US Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s) near-field

Advanced Suspension and Control Algorithm for U.S. Army Ground Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), for his assistance and guidance in building a multibody vehicle dynamics model of a typical light...Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle [HMMWV] model) that was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (5) is...control weight for GPC With Explicit Disturbance was R = 1.0e-7 over the entire speed range. To simplify analysis , the control weights for the other two

Knowledge-Based Systems Approach to Wilderness Fire Management.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saveland, James M.

The 1988 and 1989 forest fire seasons in the Intermountain West highlight the shortcomings of current fire policy. To fully implement an optimization policy that minimizes the costs and net value change of resources affected by fire, long-range fire severity information is essential, yet lacking. This information is necessary for total mobility of suppression forces, implementing contain and confine suppression strategies, effectively dealing with multiple fire situations, scheduling summer prescribed burning, and wilderness fire management. A knowledge-based system, Delphi, was developed to help provide long-range information. Delphi provides: (1) a narrative of advice on where a fire might spread, if allowed to burn, (2) a summary of recent weather and fire danger information, and (3) a Bayesian analysis of long-range fire danger potential. Uncertainty is inherent in long-range information. Decision theory and judgment research can be used to help understand the heuristics experts use to make decisions under uncertainty, heuristics responsible both for expert performance and bias. Judgment heuristics and resulting bias are examined from a fire management perspective. Signal detection theory and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis can be used to develop a long-range forecast to improve decisions. ROC analysis mimics some of the heuristics and compensates for some of the bias. Most importantly, ROC analysis displays a continuum of bias from which an optimum operating point can be selected. ROC analysis is especially appropriate for long-range forecasting since (1) the occurrence of possible future events is stated in terms of probability, (2) skill prediction is displayed, (3) inherent trade-offs are displayed, and (4) fire danger is explicitly defined. Statements on the probability of the energy release component of the National Fire Danger Rating System exceeding a critical value later in the fire season can be made early July in the Intermountain West. Delphi was evaluated formally and informally. Continual evaluation and feedback to update knowledge-based systems results in a repository for current knowledge, and a means to devise policy that will augment existing knowledge. Thus, knowledge-based systems can help implement adaptive resource management.

Analysis of toxic effluents released from PVC carpet under different fire conditions.

PubMed

Stec, A A; Readman, J; Blomqvist, P; Gylestam, D; Karlsson, D; Wojtalewicz, D; Dlugogorski, B Z

2013-01-01

A large number of investigations have been reported on minimising the PAH and PCDD/F yields during controlled combustion, such as incineration. This study is an attempt to quantify acute and chronic toxicants including PAH and PCDD/F in conditions relating to unwanted fires. This paper investigates distribution patterns of fire effluents between gas and aerosol phase, and the different particle size-ranges produced under different fire conditions. PVC carpet was selected as the fuel as a precursor for both PAH and PCDD/F. In order to generate fire effluents under controlled fire conditions, the steady-state tube furnace, was chosen as the physical fire model. Fire scenarios included oxidative pyrolysis, well-ventilated and under-ventilated fires. Fire effluent measurements included: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and furans and soot. The distribution patterns between gas and particle phase, and the size-ranges of the particles produced in these fires together with their chemical composition is also reported. Significant quantities of respirable submicron particles were detected, together with a range of PAHs. Lower levels of halogenated dioxins were detected in the fire residue compared with those found in other studies. Nevertheless, the findings do have implications for the health and safety of fire and rescue personnel, fire investigators, and other individuals exposed to the residue from unwanted fires. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Shoreline Erosion and Proposed Control at Experimental Facility 15-Spesutie Island

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

Island, it is made up of various facilities and ranges designed for weapons testing as well as automotive testing . These ranges belong to the...ARL-SR-0383 ● SEP 2017 US Army Research Laboratory Shoreline Erosion and Proposed Control at Experimental Facility 15–Spesutie...in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation

Analysis of Aquifer Response, Groundwater Flow, and PlumeEvolution at Site OU 1, Former Fort Ord, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jordan, Preston D.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Su, Grace W.

2005-02-24

This report presents a continuation from Oldenburg et al. (2002) of analysis of the hydrogeology, In-Situ Permeable Flow Sensor (ISPFS) results, aquifer response, and changes in the trichloroethylene (TCE) groundwater plume at Operational Unit 1 (OU 1) adjacent to the former Fritzsche Army Airfield at the former Fort Ord Army Base, located on Monterey Bay in northern Monterey County. Fuels and solvents were burned on a portion of OU 1 called the Fire Drill Area (FDA) during airport fire suppression training between 1962 and 1985. This activity resulted in soil and groundwater contamination in the unconfined A-aquifer. In the latemore » 1980's, soil excavation and bioremediation were successful in remediating soil contamination at the site. Shortly thereafter, a groundwater pump, treat, and recharge system commenced operation. This system has been largely successful at remediating groundwater contamination at the head of the groundwater plume. However, a trichloroethylene (TCE) groundwater plume extends approximately 3000 ft (900 m) to the northwest away from the FDA. In the analyses presented here, we augment our prior work (Oldenburg et al., 2002) with new information including treatment-system totalizer data, recent water-level and chemistry data, and data collected from new wells to discern trends in contaminant migration and groundwater flow that may be useful for ongoing remediation efforts. Some conclusions from the prior study have been modified based on these new analyses, and these are pointed out clearly in this report.« less

Lead Exposure in Military Outdoor Firing Ranges.

PubMed

Greenberg, Nili; Frimer, Ron; Meyer, Robert; Derazne, Estella; Chodick, Gabrial

2016-09-01

Several studies have reported significant airborne lead exposures during training at indoor firing ranges. Scarce attention has been given to airborne lead exposures in outdoor shooting ranges with automatic weapons. To assess the prevalence and magnitude of airborne and blood lead levels (BLL) among firing instructors and shooters in military outdoor ranges. Exposure assessment, for both trainees and instructors, included airborne and BLL during basic and advanced training at outdoor firing ranges. Personal airborne samples were collected in both day and night shooting during both training periods. During basic training, there is 95% likelihood that up to 25% of instructors and 99% likelihood that up to 5% of trainees might be exposed above the action level (AL) (25 μg/m(3)). During advanced training, there is 90% likelihood that 10% of instructors and 99% likelihood that up to 10% of trainees might be exposed above the AL. Military personnel participating in automatic weapon marksmanship training can be exposed to considerable levels of airborne lead during outdoor firing range training. As a result, the Israel Defense Force Medical Corp has classified firing range instructors as workers that require periodic medical examinations. Reprint & Copyright © 2016 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Reconstructing diet in Napoleon's Grand Army using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis.

PubMed

Holder, Sammantha; Dupras, Tosha L; Jankauskas, Rimantas; Williams, Lana; Schultz, John

2017-05-01

Historical evidence has provided information regarding disease and mortality in Napoleon Bonaparte's Grand Army, but dietary information beyond individual soldier accounts remains scarce. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the diets of Napoleon's multiethnic army who were associated with the Russian Campaign of 1812. We conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis on femoral bone collagen of 78 individuals recovered from a salvage excavation at the mass gravesite of Šiaurės miestelis in Vilnius, Lithuania. These individuals were later discovered to be Napoleonic soldiers and camp followers who participated in the 1812 Russian Campaign. Stable carbon isotope ratios range from -19.2‰ to -11.8‰, with a mean of -17.8‰ ± 1.5‰ (1 σ). Stable nitrogen isotope ratios range from 7.1‰ to 13.6‰, with a mean of 10.5‰ ± 1.4‰ (1 σ). Both δ 13 C and δ 15 N values show a wide range of variation. Stable isotope data indicate considerable dietary variation in this population associated with a multiethnic and socially stratified military population. Diets ranged from predominantly C 3 -based to predominantly C 4 -based, with varying inputs of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine animal protein. Comparison with other European populations further denotes the exceptional range of dietary variation of soldiers and camp followers in Napoleon's army. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Civilian casualties of Iranian cities by ballistic missile attacks during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988).

PubMed

Khaji, Ali; Fallahdoost, Shoaodin; Soroush, Mohammad Reza

2010-04-01

To determine the nature and extent of Iranian casualties by ballistic missile attacks during the eight years of the Iraq-Iran war. The data collected about Iraqi missile strikes on Iranian cities included the following: date and time, number and type of missiles, cities targeted, and injuries and deaths resulting from impacts of missiles in civilian areas. The data were extracted from a database that was constructed by the army staff headquarters based on daily reports of Iranian army units during the war. Over a period of eight years (1980-1988), Iraqi army fired 533 ballistic missiles at Iranian territories. From those, 414 missiles (77.7%) landed on Iranian cities. The impacts of these missiles caused the deaths of 2,312 civilians and injured 11,625 others. Three types of ballistic missiles were used: FROG-7, Scud, and Al-Hussein (a modified version of the Scud missile). Twenty-seven cities in Iran were struck by Iraqi ballistic missiles. The highest mortalities from ballistic missiles were in Dezful and Tehran. Iraqi missile attacks continued for 90 months (2,748 days). Our results point to the necessity of investigating the psychological consequences of Iraqi ballistic missile attacks among survivors in 27 Iranian cities during the eight years of the Iraq-Iran war.

Historical, observed, and modeled wildfire severity in montane forests of the Colorado Front Range.

PubMed

Sherriff, Rosemary L; Platt, Rutherford V; Veblen, Thomas T; Schoennagel, Tania L; Gartner, Meredith H

2014-01-01

Large recent fires in the western U.S. have contributed to a perception that fire exclusion has caused an unprecedented occurrence of uncharacteristically severe fires, particularly in lower elevation dry pine forests. In the absence of long-term fire severity records, it is unknown how short-term trends compare to fire severity prior to 20th century fire exclusion. This study compares historical (i.e. pre-1920) fire severity with observed modern fire severity and modeled potential fire behavior across 564,413 ha of montane forests of the Colorado Front Range. We used forest structure and tree-ring fire history to characterize fire severity at 232 sites and then modeled historical fire-severity across the entire study area using biophysical variables. Eighteen (7.8%) sites were characterized by low-severity fires and 214 (92.2%) by mixed-severity fires (i.e. including moderate- or high-severity fires). Difference in area of historical versus observed low-severity fire within nine recent (post-1999) large fire perimeters was greatest in lower montane forests. Only 16% of the study area recorded a shift from historical low severity to a higher potential for crown fire today. An historical fire regime of more frequent and low-severity fires at low elevations (<2260 m) supports a convergence of management goals of ecological restoration and fire hazard mitigation in those habitats. In contrast, at higher elevations mixed-severity fires were predominant historically and continue to be so today. Thinning treatments at higher elevations of the montane zone will not return the fire regime to an historic low-severity regime, and are of questionable effectiveness in preventing severe wildfires. Based on present-day fuels, predicted fire behavior under extreme fire weather continues to indicate a mixed-severity fire regime throughout most of the montane forest zone. Recent large wildfires in the Front Range are not fundamentally different from similar events that occurred historically under extreme weather conditions.

Historical, Observed, and Modeled Wildfire Severity in Montane Forests of the Colorado Front Range

PubMed Central

Sherriff, Rosemary L.; Platt, Rutherford V.; Veblen, Thomas T.; Schoennagel, Tania L.; Gartner, Meredith H.

2014-01-01

Large recent fires in the western U.S. have contributed to a perception that fire exclusion has caused an unprecedented occurrence of uncharacteristically severe fires, particularly in lower elevation dry pine forests. In the absence of long-term fire severity records, it is unknown how short-term trends compare to fire severity prior to 20th century fire exclusion. This study compares historical (i.e. pre-1920) fire severity with observed modern fire severity and modeled potential fire behavior across 564,413 ha of montane forests of the Colorado Front Range. We used forest structure and tree-ring fire history to characterize fire severity at 232 sites and then modeled historical fire-severity across the entire study area using biophysical variables. Eighteen (7.8%) sites were characterized by low-severity fires and 214 (92.2%) by mixed-severity fires (i.e. including moderate- or high-severity fires). Difference in area of historical versus observed low-severity fire within nine recent (post-1999) large fire perimeters was greatest in lower montane forests. Only 16% of the study area recorded a shift from historical low severity to a higher potential for crown fire today. An historical fire regime of more frequent and low-severity fires at low elevations (<2260 m) supports a convergence of management goals of ecological restoration and fire hazard mitigation in those habitats. In contrast, at higher elevations mixed-severity fires were predominant historically and continue to be so today. Thinning treatments at higher elevations of the montane zone will not return the fire regime to an historic low-severity regime, and are of questionable effectiveness in preventing severe wildfires. Based on present-day fuels, predicted fire behavior under extreme fire weather continues to indicate a mixed-severity fire regime throughout most of the montane forest zone. Recent large wildfires in the Front Range are not fundamentally different from similar events that occurred historically under extreme weather conditions. PMID:25251103

No neurochemical evidence of brain injury after blast overpressure by repeated explosions or firing heavy weapons.

PubMed

Blennow, K; Jonsson, M; Andreasen, N; Rosengren, L; Wallin, A; Hellström, P A; Zetterberg, H

2011-04-01

Psychiatric and neurological symptoms are common among soldiers exposed to blast without suffering a direct head injury. It is not known whether such symptoms are direct consequences of blast overpressure. To examine if repeated detonating explosions or firing if of heavy weapons is associated with neurochemical evidence of brain damage. Three controlled experimental studies. In the first, army officers were exposed to repeated firing of a FH77B howitzer or a bazooka. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken post-exposure to measure biomarkers for brain damage. In the second, officers were exposed for up to 150 blasts by firing a bazooka, and in the third to 100 charges of detonating explosives of 180 dB. Serial serum samples were taken after exposure. Results were compared with a control group consisting of 19 unexposed age-matched healthy volunteers. The CSF biomarkers for neuronal/axonal damage (tau and neurofilament protein), glial cell injury (GFAP and S-100b), blood-brain barrier damage (CSF/serum albumin ratio) and hemorrhages (hemoglobin and bilirubin) and the serum GFAP and S-100b showed normal and stable levels in all exposed officers. Repeated exposure to high-impact blast does not result in any neurochemical evidence of brain damage. These findings are of importance for soldiers regularly exposed to high-impact blast when firing artillery shells or other types of heavy weapons. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Characterization of exposure to byproducts from firing lead-free frangible ammunition in an enclosed, ventilated firing range.

PubMed

Grabinski, Christin M; Methner, Mark M; Jackson, Jerimiah M; Moore, Alexander L; Flory, Laura E; Tilly, Trevor; Hussain, Saber M; Ott, Darrin K

2017-06-01

U.S. Air Force small arms firing ranges began using copper-based, lead-free frangible ammunition in the early 2000s due to environmental and health concerns related to the use of lead-based ammunition. Exposure assessments at these firing ranges have routinely detected chemicals and metals in amounts much lower than their mass-based occupational exposure limits, yet, instructors report work-related health concerns including respiratory distress, nausea, and headache. The objective of this study at one firing range was to characterize the aerosol emissions produced by weapons during firing events and evaluate the ventilation system's effectiveness in controlling instructor exposure to these emissions. The ventilation system was assessed by measuring the range static air pressure differential and the air velocity at the firing line. Air flow patterns were near the firing line. Instructor exposure was sampled using a filter-based air sampling method for metals and a wearable, real-time ultrafine particle counter. Area air sampling was simultaneously performed to characterize the particle size distribution, morphology, and composition. In the instructor's breathing zone, the airborne mass concentration of copper was low (range = <1 µg/m 3 to 16 µg/m 3 ), yet the ultrafine (nanoscale) particle number concentration increased substantially during each firing event. Ultrafine particles contained some copper and were complex in morphology and composition. The ventilation assessment found that the average velocity across all shooting lanes was acceptable compared to the recommended guideline (20% of the ideal 0.38 m/s (75 ft/min). However, uniform, downrange airflow pattern requirements were not met. These results suggest that the mass-based occupational exposure limits, as applied to this environment, may not be protective enough to eliminate health complaints reported by instructors whose full-time job involves training personnel on weapons that fire lead-free frangible ammunition. Using an ultrafine particle counter appears to be an alternative method of assessing ventilation effectiveness in removing ultrafine particulate produced during firing events.

Press On! Selected Works of General Donn A. Starry. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

of age is qualified and eligible for active military duty. The Army must enlist 1 out of every 16 of these young men. This year, the Army will...forces by upgrading our aging weapons stockpile with enhanced radiation weapons; trading off some shorter-range, lower-yield weapons for mid- range...on fitness for duty performance, and on good health and appearance, not on sex, age , the installation to which one happens to be assigned, or other

BehavePlus fire modeling system: Past, present, and future

Treesearch

Patricia L. Andrews

2007-01-01

Use of mathematical fire models to predict fire behavior and fire effects plays an important supporting role in wildland fire management. When used in conjunction with personal fire experience and a basic understanding of the fire models, predictions can be successfully applied to a range of fire management activities including wildfire behavior prediction, prescribed...

The 2002 Hayman Fire - ecological benefit or catastrophe? An understory plant community perspective

Treesearch

Paula Fornwalt

2013-01-01

Fire has long been a keystone ecological process in Western forests. In ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests of the Colorado Front Range, historical fires are believed to have been "mixed severity" in nature. That means that these fires are believed to have typically burned within a range of severities from low severity...

Contents and leachability of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Sb, Zn, As) in soil at the Pantex firing range, Amarillo, Texas.

PubMed

Basunia, S; Landsberger, S

2001-10-01

Pantex firing range soil samples were analyzed for Pb, Cu, Sb, Zn, and As. One hundred ninety-seven samples were collected from the firing range and vicinity area. There was a lack of knowledge about the distribution of Pb in the firing range, so a random sampling with proportional allocation was chosen. Concentration levels of Pb and Cu in the firing range were found to be in the range of 11-4675 and 13-359 mg/kg, respectively. Concentration levels of Sb were found to be in the range of 1-517 mg/kg. However, the Zn and As concentration levels were close to average soil background levels. The Sn concentration level was expected to be higher in the Pantex firing range soil samples. However, it was found to be below the neutron activation analysis (NAA) detection limit of 75 mg/kg. Enrichment factor analysis showed that Pb and Sb were highly enriched in the firing range with average magnitudes of 55 and 90, respectively. Cu was enriched approximately 6 times more than the usual soil concentration levels. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was carried out on size-fractionated homogeneous soil samples. The concentration levels of Pb in leachates were found to be approximately 12 times higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory concentration level of 5 mg/L. Sequential extraction (SE) was also performed to characterize Pb and other trace elements into five different fractions. The highest Pb fraction was found with organic matter in the soil.

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research Development and Testing (34th) Held in Las Cruces, New Mexico on 19-21 October 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-01

Webb and Linda L.C. Moss.............,,...,....., 27 COMPARISON OF RELIABILITY CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Paul H . Thrasher. ......... . 0 1...Webb and Linda L.C. Moss, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory COMPARISON OF RELIABILITY CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Paul H. Thrasher, White Sands Missile...RELEVANT Paul H. Thrasher, White Sands Missile Range 0930 - 1000 BREAK 1000 - 1130 GENERAL SESSION III Chairperson: Douglas B. Tang, Valter Reed Army

Post-fire geomorphic response in steep, forested landscapes: Oregon Coast Range, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, Molly; Roering, Joshua J.

2009-06-01

The role of fire in shaping steep, forested landscapes depends on a suite of hydrologic, biologic, and geological characteristics, including the propensity for hydrophobic soil layers to promote runoff erosion during subsequent rainfall events. In the Oregon Coast Range, several studies postulate that fire primarily modulates sediment production via root reinforcement and shallow landslide susceptibility, although few studies have documented post-fire geomorphic response. Here, we describe field observations and topographic analyses for three sites in the central Oregon Coast Range that burned in 1999, 2002, and 2003. The fires generated strongly hydrophobic soil layers that did not promote runoff erosion because the continuity of the layers was interrupted by pervasive discontinuities that facilitated rapid infiltration. At each of our sites, fire generated significant colluvial transport via dry ravel, consistent with other field-based studies in the western United States. Fire-driven dry ravel accumulation in low-order valleys of our Sulphur Creek site equated to a slope-averaged landscape lowering of 2.5 mm. Given Holocene estimates of fire frequency, these results suggest that fire may contribute 10-20% of total denudation across steep, dissected portions of the Oregon Coast Range. In addition, we documented more rapid decline of root strength at our sites than has been observed after timber harvest, suggesting that root strength was compromised prior to fire or that intense heat damaged roots in the shallow subsurface. Given that fire frequencies in the Pacific Northwest are predicted to increase with continued climate change, our findings highlight the importance of fire-induced dry ravel and post-fire debris flow activity in controlling sediment delivery to channels.

Occupational Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges in Korea

PubMed Central

Lee, Suk-Ho; Lee, Se-Ho; Yoon, Hye-Sik

2016-01-01

Military personnel often use ammunitions that contain lead. The present study aimed to identify the risks for lead exposure and lead poisoning among workers at indoor firing ranges. A special health examination, including blood lead level (BLL) testing, was performed for all 120 workers at the indoor firing ranges of the Republic of Korea’s Air Force, Navy, and Armed Forces Athletic Corps. The overall mean BLL was 11.3 ± 9.4 µg/dL (range: 2.0–64.0 µg/dL). The arithmetic mean of the BLL for professional shooters belong to Armed Forces Athletic Corps was 14.0 ± 8.3 µg/dL, while those of shooting range managers and shooting range supervisors were 13.8 ± 11.1 µg/dL and 6.4 ± 3.1 µg/dL, respectively. One individual had a BLL of 64 µg/dL, and ultimately completed chelation treatment (with CaNa2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) without any adverse effects. These findings indicate that indoor firing range workers are exposed to elevated levels of lead. Therefore, when constructing an indoor firing range, a specialist should be engaged to design and assess the ventilation system; and safety guidelines regarding ammunition and waste handling must be mandatory. Moreover, workplace environmental monitoring should be implemented for indoor firing ranges, and the workers should undergo regularly scheduled special health examinations. PMID:27051231

Occupational Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges in Korea.

PubMed

Park, Won-Ju; Lee, Suk-Ho; Lee, Se-Ho; Yoon, Hye-Sik; Moon, Jai-Dong

2016-04-01

Military personnel often use ammunitions that contain lead. The present study aimed to identify the risks for lead exposure and lead poisoning among workers at indoor firing ranges. A special health examination, including blood lead level (BLL) testing, was performed for all 120 workers at the indoor firing ranges of the Republic of Korea's Air Force, Navy, and Armed Forces Athletic Corps. The overall mean BLL was 11.3 ± 9.4 µg/dL (range: 2.0-64.0 µg/dL). The arithmetic mean of the BLL for professional shooters belong to Armed Forces Athletic Corps was 14.0 ± 8.3 µg/dL, while those of shooting range managers and shooting range supervisors were 13.8 ± 11.1 µg/dL and 6.4 ± 3.1 µg/dL, respectively. One individual had a BLL of 64 µg/dL, and ultimately completed chelation treatment (with CaNa2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) without any adverse effects. These findings indicate that indoor firing range workers are exposed to elevated levels of lead. Therefore, when constructing an indoor firing range, a specialist should be engaged to design and assess the ventilation system; and safety guidelines regarding ammunition and waste handling must be mandatory. Moreover, workplace environmental monitoring should be implemented for indoor firing ranges, and the workers should undergo regularly scheduled special health examinations.

Application of TREECS Modeling System to Strontium-90 for Borschi Watershed near Chernobyl, Ukraine.

PubMed

Johnson, Billy E; Dortch, Mark S

2014-05-01

The Training Range Environmental Evaluation and Characterization System (TREECS™) (http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/treecs/) is being developed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) for the U.S. Army to forecast the fate of munitions constituents (MC) (such as high explosives (HE) and metals) found on firing/training ranges, as well as those subsequently transported to surface water and groundwater. The overall purpose of TREECS™ is to provide environmental specialists with tools to assess the potential for MC migration into surface water and groundwater systems and to assess range management strategies to ensure protection of human health and the environment. The multimedia fate/transport models within TREECS™ are mathematical models of reduced form (e.g., reduced dimensionality) that allow rapid application with less input data requirements compared with more complicated models. Although TREECS™ was developed for the fate of MC from military ranges, it has general applicability to many other situations requiring prediction of contaminant (including radionuclide) fate in multi-media environmental systems. TREECS™ was applied to the Borschi watershed near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Ukraine. At this site, TREECS™ demonstrated its use as a modeling tool to predict the fate of strontium 90 ((90)Sr). The most sensitive and uncertain input for this application was the soil-water partitioning distribution coefficient (Kd) for (90)Sr. The TREECS™ soil model provided reasonable estimates of the surface water export flux of (90)Sr from the Borschi watershed when using a Kd for (90)Sr of 200 L/kg. The computed export for the year 2000 was 0.18% of the watershed inventory of (90)Sr compared to the estimated export flux of 0.14% based on field data collected during 1999-2001. The model indicated that assumptions regarding the form of the inventory, whether dissolved or in solid phase form, did not appreciably affect export rates. Also, the percentage of non-exchangeable adsorbed (90)Sr, which is uncertain and affects the amount of (90)Sr available for export, was fixed at 20% based on field data measurements. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was conducted treating Kd as an uncertain input variable with a range of 100-300 L/kg. This analysis resulted in a range of 0.13-0.27% of inventory exported to surface water compared to 0.14% based on measured field data. Based on this model application, it was concluded that the export of (90)Sr from the Borschi watershed to surface water is predominantly a result of soil pore water containing dissolved (90)Sr being diverted to surface waters that eventually flow out of the watershed. The percentage of non-exchangeable adsorbed (90)Sr and the soil-water Kd are the two most sensitive and uncertain factors affecting the amount of export. The 200-year projections of the model showed an exponential decline in (90)Sr export fluxes from the watershed that should drop by a factor of 10 by the year 2100. This presentation will focus on TREECS capabilities and the case study done for the Borschi Watershed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Preliminary assessment of the health and environmental impacts of continuing to store M55 rockets at Lexington-Blue Grass Depot Activity, Anniston Army Depot, Umatilla Depot Activity, Pine Bluff Arsenal, and Tooele Army Depot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyette, J.A.; Breck, J.E.; Coleman, P.R.

1986-03-01

The purpose is to provide an assessment of the potential health and environmental impacts of continuing to store M55 rockets filled with nerve agent GB or VX at their current storage locations at Anniston Army Depot in Alabama, Lexington-Blue Grass Depot Activity in Kentucky, Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas, Tooele Army Depot in Utah, and Umatilla Depot Activity in Oregon. The assessment considers the possible impacts of (1) normal storage (with no release to the environment) and (2) two postulated accidents on the air quality, ground and surface water, aquatic ecology, terrestrial ecology, human health, and cultural and socioeconomic resourcesmore » in and around the various storage depots. The analysis considers three basic scenarios during storage: (1) normal operations; (2) a minor spill of agent (the contents of one rocket released to the biosphere); and (3) a maximum credible event or MCE. The MCE is an igloo fire resulting in the aerosolization of a small (in the case of GB) or an extremely small (in the case of VX) percentage of the igloo's nerve agent contents to the biosphere. The extremely low probabilities of such accidents, which are reported elsewhere, are noted. Our assessments of the impacts of a minor spill and of an MCE consider two sets of meteorological conditions: conservative most likely and worst-case. In addition, we assume that an agent plume would travel toward the area of highest population density. 21 figs., 47 tabs.« less

Using a probabilistic approach in an ecological risk assessment simulation tool: test case for depleted uranium (DU).

PubMed

Fan, Ming; Thongsri, Tepwitoon; Axe, Lisa; Tyson, Trevor A

2005-06-01

A probabilistic approach was applied in an ecological risk assessment (ERA) to characterize risk and address uncertainty employing Monte Carlo simulations for assessing parameter and risk probabilistic distributions. This simulation tool (ERA) includes a Window's based interface, an interactive and modifiable database management system (DBMS) that addresses a food web at trophic levels, and a comprehensive evaluation of exposure pathways. To illustrate this model, ecological risks from depleted uranium (DU) exposure at the US Army Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) and Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) were assessed and characterized. Probabilistic distributions showed that at YPG, a reduction in plant root weight is considered likely to occur (98% likelihood) from exposure to DU; for most terrestrial animals, likelihood for adverse reproduction effects ranges from 0.1% to 44%. However, for the lesser long-nosed bat, the effects are expected to occur (>99% likelihood) through the reduction in size and weight of offspring. Based on available DU data for the firing range at APG, DU uptake will not likely affect survival of aquatic plants and animals (<0.1% likelihood). Based on field and laboratory studies conducted at APG and YPG on pocket mice, kangaroo rat, white-throated woodrat, deer, and milfoil, body burden concentrations observed fall into the distributions simulated at both sites.

33 CFR 334.650 - Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. 334.650 Section 334.650 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....650 Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. (a) The danger zone. A fan...

33 CFR 334.650 - Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. 334.650 Section 334.650 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....650 Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. (a) The danger zone. A fan...

33 CFR 334.650 - Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. 334.650 Section 334.650 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....650 Gulf of Mexico, south of St. George Island, Fla.; test firing range. (a) The danger zone. A fan...

33 CFR 334.640 - Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. 334.640 Section 334.640 Navigation and Navigable Waters... REGULATIONS § 334.640 Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. (a) The... meanderings of the shore to the point of beginning. (b) The regulations. (1) The fact that aerial rocket...

33 CFR 334.640 - Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. 334.640 Section 334.640 Navigation and Navigable Waters... REGULATIONS § 334.640 Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. (a) The... meanderings of the shore to the point of beginning. (b) The regulations. (1) The fact that aerial rocket...

33 CFR 334.640 - Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. 334.640 Section 334.640 Navigation and Navigable Waters... REGULATIONS § 334.640 Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. (a) The... meanderings of the shore to the point of beginning. (b) The regulations. (1) The fact that aerial rocket...

33 CFR 334.640 - Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. 334.640 Section 334.640 Navigation and Navigable Waters... REGULATIONS § 334.640 Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. (a) The... meanderings of the shore to the point of beginning. (b) The regulations. (1) The fact that aerial rocket...

33 CFR 334.640 - Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. 334.640 Section 334.640 Navigation and Navigable Waters... REGULATIONS § 334.640 Gulf of Mexico south of Apalachee Bay, Fla.; Air Force rocket firing range. (a) The... meanderings of the shore to the point of beginning. (b) The regulations. (1) The fact that aerial rocket...

Pigments which reflect infrared radiation from fire

DOEpatents

Berdahl, Paul H.

1998-01-01

Conventional paints transmit or absorb most of the intense infrared (IR) radiation emitted by fire, causing them to contribute to the spread of fire. The present invention comprises a fire retardant paint additive that reflects the thermal IR radiation emitted by fire in the 1 to 20 micrometer (.mu.m) wavelength range. The important spectral ranges for fire control are typically about 1 to about 8 .mu.m or, for cool smoky fires, about 2 .mu.m to about 16 .mu.m. The improved inventive coatings reflect adverse electromagnetic energy and slow the spread of fire. Specific IR reflective pigments include titanium dioxide (rutile) and red iron oxide pigments with diameters of about 1 .mu.m to about 2 .mu.m and thin leafing aluminum flake pigments.

Seek, Strike, and Destroy: U.S. Army Tank Destroyer Doctrine in World War II (Leavenworth Papers, Number 12)

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

velocity 75-mm gun that fired a tungsten carbide antitank round, and the massive Mark VI Tiger tank , which carried a version. of the deadly 88-mm gun...guns would be able to penetrate the frontal armor of the massive Mark VI Tiger tank at a comfortable two thousand yards.27 Prior to the invasion, the...conceived counterattack aimed at recapturing the Sidi-bou-Zid position and. was badly battered in the ensuing German ambush,17 . A damaged Mark VI Tiger

Right-Sizing the People’s Liberation Army: Exploring the Contours of China’s Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

this scenario, as in the other two, the PLA Navy is large, capable, and prepared for joint operations. Thus, by 2016 , the Navy might be expected to...research student in the Second Artillery’s Command Academy located in Wuhan, Hubei province. 57. Edward Cody, "China Confirms Firing Missile to Destroy...U.S. Navy may well have led the way in linking C41SR with the concept of "timely, sensor-to- shooter information direct to the warfighter." 23 All the

Spaceflight 101: Explorer 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-09

Aerospace pioneers who worked on the launch of Explorer 1 participate in a panel discussion with NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana at the center's Training Auditorium on Wednesday, May 9, 2018. Panelists, from left are William "Curly" Chandler, firing room engineer; Lionel (Ed) Fannin, mechanical and propulsion systems; Terry Greenfield, blockhouse engineer; Carl Jones, measuring branch engineer; and Ike Rigell, electrical networks systems chief. Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the U.S. It was launched by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency on Jan. 31, 1958 on a Juno I rocket from Launch Complex-26.

Demonstration of a Retrofit Corrosion-Resistant Fire Hydrant Which Also Protects Against Deliberate Contamination of Critical Army Water Supplies

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

0.4 Sodium Cyanide 3.7 Fast acting, readily available Sodium Fluoroacetate 1.7 Tasteless, Colorless, Odorless Thallium Nitrate 3.4 Sarin 1 VX 0.15 L iq...TurbChlor TOC 1080 Aflatoxin Cyanide "VX" BUILDING STRONG®27 Beijing Olympics  GuardianBlue Systems selected for securing drinking water during the...Closed BUILDING STRONG®54 Features 304 Stainless Replacement Stem, Tensile Strength 80 Ksi E Coated Sleeve/Seat 11 ga, A-569 Hot Rolled Steel

Use of Ni63 Overvoltage Gap Switches in the Flight Termination Systems on Boosters Launched from U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

J3 w c’f oz us~ w - 0n fn 00:1 0 Ic 0 L o 0j 0 0I LL 0 Iof the less than adequate reliability of the earlier Exploding Foil Initiator ( EFI ) design...Action and Alternatives EFI Exploding Foil Initiator Environmental Assessment (EA) A concise public document in which a Federal agency provides...Interceptor (GBI) firing unit (the Explosive Foil Initiator ) was built and tested, it operated unreliably. Many hardware development problems were

Proceedings of the US Army Symposium on Gun Dynamics (2nd), Held at the Institute on Man and Science, Rensselaerville, N.Y. 19-22 September 1978

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-09-01

Alamo Avenue, S.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 ABSTRACT: A system for measuring the angular motion of the muzzle of artil- lery weapons during firing...0051, while the author was at EG&G, Inc., Albuquerque Operations, Albuquerque, New Mexico . 01 1-33 COX AND HOKANSON TITLE: Muzzle Motions of the M68...1978. DEGREES HELD: B.A. Chemical Engineer, New Mexico State University, University Park, New Mexico . 1 II1-34 COUNTER RECOIL SYSTEM EFFECTS ON

The Evolution of Air-Sea Battle: How Army Attack/Reconnaissance Aviation Fits into the Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global Commons

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-13

System (MTADS) has a day TV capability to laser designate and auto track tank-sized targets at 6,000 meters and a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR...capability to laser designate and auto track tank-sized targets at 3,500 meters. The AH-64 D/E also possesses a Fire Control Radar (FCR) that allows it...a broad spectrum of size, capacity, duration, and security. At the low end are Forward Area Refueling Equipment ( FARE ) systems. These allow CH-47

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 92, Number 2, March-April 1949

DTIC Science & Technology

1949-04-01

population. There were four in ,the vicinity of Ros- tock with fields of fire over the Baltic, one near Fecamp on the Channel, and one near Antwerp...34’~AGA>~, Brig. Gen., SeNG . f f f Lerter to the Editor \\~7e"have a very active reserve organization here-t~ 656th Composite Group, which is shortly going... Hospitals To Care For Army Dependents Naval actIvities having facilities for medical care of de- pendents have been authorized to provide such care for

International Infantry and Joint Services Small Arms Systems Section Symposium, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration. Held in Atlantic City, NJ on 13-16 May 2002. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-13

Atlantic Council NATO Army Armaments Group 30mm x 173 Ammunition Family by Allan Buckley & Pierre H. Freymond, Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Thursday, 16 May...actual weapon w/o adding weight • Compatible with LASER-activated battle simulators (MILES) 5.56mm FX - NDIA 2002.PPT (15.05.02) (11) FX® Marking...construction and design – Packaging inspection – Interfaces – Weight – Final protective finish – Endurance at ambient – Rough handling – Workmanship

Past and future changes in Canadian boreal wildfire activity.

PubMed

Girardin, Martin P; Mudelsee, Manfred

2008-03-01

Climate change in Canadian boreal forests is usually associated with increased drought severity and fire activity. However, future fire activity could well be within the range of values experienced during the preindustrial period. In this study, we contrast 21st century forecasts of fire occurrence (FireOcc, number of large forest fires per year) in the southern part of the Boreal Shield, Canada, with the historical range of the past 240 years statistically reconstructed from tree-ring width data. First, a historical relationship between drought indices and FireOcc is developed over the calibration period 1959-1998. Next, together with seven tree-ring based drought reconstructions covering the last 240 years and simulations from the CGCM3 and ECHAM4 global climate models, the calibration model is used to estimate past (prior to 1959) and future (post 1999) FireOcc. Last, time-dependent changes in mean FireOcc and in the occurrence rate of extreme fire years are evaluated with the aid of advanced methods of statistical time series analysis. Results suggest that the increase in precipitation projected toward the end of the 21st century will be insufficient to compensate for increasing temperatures and will be insufficient to maintain potential evapotranspiration at current levels. Limited moisture availability would cause FireOcc to increase as well. But will future FireOcc exceed its historical range? The results obtained from our approach suggest high probabilities of seeing future FireOcc reach the upper limit of the historical range. Predictions, which are essentially weighed on northwestern Ontario and eastern boreal Manitoba, indicate that, by 2061-2100, typical FireOcc could increase by more than 34% when compared with the past two centuries. Increases in fire activity as projected by this study could negatively affect the implementation in the next century of forest management inspired by historical or natural disturbance dynamics. This approach is indeed feasible only if current and future fire activities are sufficiently low compared with the preindustrial fire activity, so a substitution of fire by forest management could occur without elevating the overall frequency of disturbance. Conceivable management options will likely have to be directed toward minimizing the adverse impacts of the increasing fire activity.

Ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range: long historical fire and tree recruitment intervals and a case for landscape heterogeneity

Treesearch

M. R. Kaufmann; L. S. Huckaby; P. Gleason

2000-01-01

An unlogged forest landscape in the Colorado Front Range provides insight into historical characteristics of ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir landscapes where the past fire regime was mixed severity with mean fire intervals of 50 years or more. Natural fire and tree recruitment patterns resulted in considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity, whereas nearby forest...

Analysis of gunshot residue test results in 112 suicides.

PubMed

Reed, G E; McGuire, P J; Boehm, A

1990-01-01

The results of gunshot residue (GSR) tests in 112 suicide cases investigated by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command over a ten-year period are described. Only suicide cases in which there was certainty that the victim fired a weapon were examined in an effort to reduce ambiguous results. Previous case work research by Rudzitis indicated that positive GSR test results were encountered in suicides 62% of the time using various combinations of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Threshold values of 0.2-micrograms antimony and 0.3-micrograms barium (0.2-micrograms antimony and 0.5-micrograms barium after 1985) used by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory resulted in positive GSR results in suicide cases 38% of the time. The effects of time, location of body, handling of the body, weapon type, caliber, and condition of the hands on GSR results are examined. Case studies involving suicides by unit armorers are discussed.

Multifuel industrial steam generation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mesko, J.E.

An inefficient, unreliable steam generation and distribution system at the Red River Army Depot (Texarkana, Tex.), a major industrial facility of the federal government, was replaced with a modern, multifuel-burning steam plant. In the new plant, steam is generated by three high-pressure field-erected boilers burning 100 percent coal, 100 percent refuse, or any combination of the two, while maintaining particulate emissions, SO{sub 2} concentration, and NO{sub x} and chlorine levels at or better than clean air standards. The plant, which has been in operation since 1986, is now part of the Army's Energy/Environment Showcase for demonstrating innovative technology to publicmore » and private operators. When the project began, the Red River depot faced several operational problems. Existing No. 2 oil- and gas- fired boilers in three separate boiler plants were inefficient, unreliable, and difficult to maintain. Extra boilers often had to be leased to provide for needed capacity. In addition, the facility had large quantities of waste to dispose of.« less

The 1984 ARI Survey of Army Recruits: Codebook for October 84/February 85 USAR (U.S. Army Reserve) and ARNG (Army National Guard) Survey Respondents

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

I 1 ICHECKED -IN OTHER PARTS OF A NEWSPAPER 1290 --- _ _ _ _I__ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ 120I 100.0 TTA I 1 1 A I B I C I D T 11982 1198317 IN I__...FREQ I PERCENT I VALUE I MEANING ___ I _ _ _ I _ _ _ __ __1_ __ _ _ _ _ _8 1 0.6 1 . I NO RESPONSE 768 1 59.5 1 0 1 NOT CHECKED 514 I39.8 I 1 ICHECKED ...27 1 2.1 1 1 ICHECKED - BOOKLET ABOUT ARMY COLLEGE FUND 1290 1 100.0 I T-OTALSI TO CHECK FOR OUT OF RANGE VALUES FOR THIS ’MARK ALL THAT APPLY

A Generalized Model for Transport of Contaminants in Soil by Electric Fields

PubMed Central

Paz-Garcia, Juan M.; Baek, Kitae; Alshawabkeh, Iyad D.; Alshawabkeh, Akram N.

2012-01-01

A generalized model applicable to soils contaminated with multiple species under enhanced boundary conditions during treatment by electric fields is presented. The partial differential equations describing species transport are developed by applying the law of mass conservation to their fluxes. Transport, due to migration, advection and diffusion, of each aqueous component and complex species are combined to produce one partial differential equation hat describes transport of the total analytical concentrations of component species which are the primary dependent variables. This transport couples with geochemical reactions such as aqueous equilibrium, sorption, precipitation and dissolution. The enhanced model is used to simulate electrokinetic cleanup of lead and copper contaminants at an Army Firing Range. Acid enhancement is achieved by the use of adipic acid to neutralize the basic front produced for the cathode electrochemical reaction. The model is able to simulate enhanced application of the process by modifying the boundary conditions. The model showed that kinetics of geochemical reactions, such as metals dissolution/leaching and redox reactions might be significant for realistic prediction of enhanced electrokinetic extraction of metals in real world applications. PMID:22242884

33 CFR 334.200 - Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air Station, Patuxent River... Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout to Cedar Point; aerial and surface firing range and target area, U.S. Naval Air...) The regulations. (i) Through navigation of surface craft outside the target areas will be permitted at...

33 CFR 334.1120 - Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. 334.1120 Section 334.1120 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1120 Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. (a...

33 CFR 334.1120 - Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. 334.1120 Section 334.1120 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1120 Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. (a...

33 CFR 334.1120 - Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. 334.1120 Section 334.1120 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1120 Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. (a...

33 CFR 334.1120 - Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. 334.1120 Section 334.1120 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1120 Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. (a...

33 CFR 334.1120 - Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. 334.1120 Section 334.1120 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1120 Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Point Mugu, Calif.; naval small arms firing range. (a...

Precision Strike 2008 Summer Forum

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-11

extended ranges, 360--mounted and dismounted Technical fire direction and limited tactical fire direction on all delivery systems Delivery systems that...can rapidly emplace/displace with high rates of fire Accurate on demand, meteorological data to delivery system ranges All munitions with less than 50M...CEP at all ranges Munitions that provide a variety of effects in any environment To achieve this, Field Artillery needs these “enablers” Target

Human and climatic influences on fire occurrence in California's north coast range

Treesearch

Carl Skinner; Celeste Abbott; Danny Fry; Scott Stephens; Alan Taylor; Valerie Trouet

2009-01-01

Outside of the immediate coastal environments, little is known of fire history in the North Coast Range of California. Fire scar specimens were collected from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens [Torr] Florin), and...

Climate, rain shadow, and human-use influences on fire regimes in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Treesearch

M.P. North; K.M. van de Water; S.L. Stephens; B.M. Collins

2009-01-01

There have been few fire history studies of eastern Sierra Nevada forests in California, USA, where a steep elevation gradient, rain shadow conditions, and forest stand isolation may produce different fire regimes than those found on the range’s western slope. We investigated historic fire regimes and potential climate influences on four forest types ranging in...

Natural tree regeneration and coarse woody debris dynamics after a forest fire in the western Cascade Range

Treesearch

Martin J. Brown; Jane Kertis; Mark H. Huff

2013-01-01

We monitored coarse woody debris dynamics and natural tree regeneration over a 14-year period after the 1991 Warner Creek Fire, a 3631-ha (8,972-ac) mixed severity fire in the western Cascade Range of Oregon. Rates for tree mortality in the fire, postfire mortality, snag fall, and snag fragmentation all showed distinct patterns by tree diameter and species, with...

Pigments which reflect infrared radiation from fire

DOEpatents

Berdahl, P.H.

1998-09-22

Conventional paints transmit or absorb most of the intense infrared (IR) radiation emitted by fire, causing them to contribute to the spread of fire. The present invention comprises a fire retardant paint additive that reflects the thermal IR radiation emitted by fire in the 1 to 20 micrometer ({micro}m) wavelength range. The important spectral ranges for fire control are typically about 1 to about 8 {micro}m or, for cool smoky fires, about 2 {micro}m to about 16 {micro}m. The improved inventive coatings reflect adverse electromagnetic energy and slow the spread of fire. Specific IR reflective pigments include titanium dioxide (rutile) and red iron oxide pigments with diameters of about 1 {micro}m to about 2 {micro}m and thin leafing aluminum flake pigments. 4 figs.

Current status and future needs of the BehavePlus Fire Modeling System

Treesearch

Patricia L. Andrews

2014-01-01

The BehavePlus Fire Modeling System is among the most widely used systems for wildland fire prediction. It is designed for use in a range of tasks including wildfire behaviour prediction, prescribed fire planning, fire investigation, fuel hazard assessment, fire model understanding, communication and research. BehavePlus is based on mathematical models for fire...

Assessment of Small Arms Munitions Impacts on Natural Infrastructure in Sensitive Downrange Areas on Military Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

forecasting the risk of munitions constituents (MC), such as high explosives and metals , that leave firing and training ranges and contaminate the...quality terrestrial natural infrastructure exist down- range of small arms training ranges on Department of Defense (DoD) in- stallations. Live- fire ...CERL TN-16-1 iv Illustrations Figures A-1 Initial horizontal trajectory of a tracer bullet fired at a 600 m target at the Malone 5 range on Fort

Parametric CERs (Cost Estimate Relationships) for Replenishment Repair Parts (Selected U.S. Army Helicopters and Combat Vehicles)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-31

Information System (OSMIS). The long-range objective is to develop methods to determine total operating and support (O&S) costs within life-cycle cost...objective was to assess the feasibility of developing cost estimating relationships (CERs) based on data from the Army Operating and Support Management

Evaluating the impacts of wildland fires on caribou in interior Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Joly, Kyle; Adams, Layne G.; Dale, Bruce W.; Collins, William

2002-01-01

Caribou are found throughout the boreal forests of interior Alaska, a region subject to chronic and expansive wildland fires. Fruticose lichens, if available, constitute the majority of the winter diet of caribou throughout their range and are common in mature boreal forests but largely absent from early successional stages. Fire, the dominant ecological driving force, increases vegetative diversity and productivity across the landscape but may reduce the availability of caribou winter forage for decades.Increasingly, wildland fire regimes are influenced by humans seeking to reduce fire hazards or mitigate the effects of years of fire suppression. Consequently, biologists have debated the importance of forage lichens to the dynamics of caribou populations, and land managers have questioned the importance of fire regime to wintering caribou. To better understand the impacts of wildland fire on caribou, we are simultaneously investigating the relationships between fire history, caribou movements, forage lichen availability, and caribou nutritional performance on their winter range.

Effect of the Army Oral Health Maintenance Program (AOHMP) on the Dental Health Status of Army Personnel. AOHMP Evaluation Study. Part 3. Dental Care Requirements of Active Duty Army Personnel, 1978

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

endodontics , crown and bridge, full and partial dentures, and periodontal therapy , account for about one- third of the time requirements for the...Examiners indicated the numbers of restorations, extractions, teeth needing endodontic therapy , units of crown and bridge, complete den- tures...might be that lieutenants and captains are in a younger age range where the removal of third molars is usually recommended. (3) In the care need areas

Filmless Radiology: The Design, Integration, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Digital Imaging Network. Potential Investigations to Be Conducted in Conjunction with the Digital Imaging Network System (DINS) evaluation Project. Revision 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION U.S. Army Medical (if aplicable ) Research & Development Command Contract No. DAMDI7-86-C-6145 8c. ADDRESS (City...three echelon levels is delivered from mobile facilities located up to 10, 40, and 150 kilometers from the forward edge of the battle area (FEBA...respectively. There are seven types of Army hospitals used in wartime theaters of operation. They range from Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) units in

Anthropometric characteristics of feet of soldiers in the New Zealand Army.

PubMed

Baxter, Marian L; Baxter, David G

2011-04-01

Lower limb and lower back injuries are prevalent within the New Zealand (NZ) Army: independently collected data shows these to be most prevalent, with on average 10% of military personnel affected by such an injury at any time. To improve the quality and appropriateness of footwear, it is essential that normative foot anthropometric data is collected from NZ Army personnel. NZ Army personnel (n = 807) were included in this study; data on foot length, circumference, width, and arch heights were collected. It was found that the NZ Army personnel had notable differences in feet anthropometry compared to an exemplary model for the NZ general population, specifically in terms of arch height. It was also found that a substantial proportion (approximately 50%) of personnel tested could not be provided with a boot that fit (mainly Maori and Pacific Island soldiers) because of a limited width range of the currently issued boot.

A highly reliable, high performance open avionics architecture for real time Nap-of-the-Earth operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harper, Richard E.; Elks, Carl

1995-01-01

An Army Fault Tolerant Architecture (AFTA) has been developed to meet real-time fault tolerant processing requirements of future Army applications. AFTA is the enabling technology that will allow the Army to configure existing processors and other hardware to provide high throughput and ultrahigh reliability necessary for TF/TA/NOE flight control and other advanced Army applications. A comprehensive conceptual study of AFTA has been completed that addresses a wide range of issues including requirements, architecture, hardware, software, testability, producibility, analytical models, validation and verification, common mode faults, VHDL, and a fault tolerant data bus. A Brassboard AFTA for demonstration and validation has been fabricated, and two operating systems and a flight-critical Army application have been ported to it. Detailed performance measurements have been made of fault tolerance and operating system overheads while AFTA was executing the flight application in the presence of faults.

Fine root production and carbohydrate concentrations of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) as affected by season of prescribed fire and drought

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood

2005-01-01

The historical range of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill) has been greatly reduced, in part, by lack of fire. Recently, the application of fire has become an accepted practice for the restoration of longleaf pine to former parts of its natural range. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of season of prescribed fire on the root growth...

Fire Behavior System for the Full Range of Fire Management Needs

Treesearch

Richard C. Rothermel; Patricia L. Andrews

1987-01-01

An "integrated fire behavior/fire danger rating system" should be "seamless" to avoid requiring choices among alternate, independent systems. Descriptions of fuel moisture, fuels, and fire behavior should be standardized, permitting information to flow easily through the spectrum of fire management needs. The level of resolution depends on the...

Chapter 5. Borderlands fire regimes

Treesearch

Margot Wilkinson-Kaye; Thomas Swetnam; Christopher R. Baisan

2006-01-01

Fire is a keystone process in most natural, terrestrial ecosystems. The vital role that fire plays in controlling the structure of an ecosystem underscores the need for us to increase our knowledge of past and current fire regimes (Morgan and others 1994). Dendrochronological reconstructions of fire histories provide descriptions of past fire regimes across a range of...

Fire danger and fire behavior modeling systems in Australia, Europe, and North America

Treesearch

Francis M. Fujioka; A. Malcolm Gill; Domingos X. Viegas; B. Mike Wotton

2009-01-01

Wildland fire occurrence and behavior are complex phenomena involving essentially fuel (vegetation), topography, and weather. Fire managers around the world use a variety of systems to track and predict fire danger and fire behavior, at spatial scales that span from local to global extents, and temporal scales ranging from minutes to seasons. The fire management...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kring, C.T.; Varma, V.K.; Jatko, W.B.

The US Army and Team Crusader (United Defense, Lockheed Martin Armament Systems, etc.) are developing the next generation howitzer, the Crusader. The development program includes an advanced, self-propelled liquid propellant howitzer and a companion resupply vehicle. The resupply vehicle is intended to rendezvous with the howitzer near the battlefront and replenish ammunition, fuel, and other material. The Army has recommended that Crusader incorporate new and innovative technologies to improve performance and safety. One conceptual design proposes a robotic resupply boom on the resupply vehicle to upload supplies to the howitzer. The resupply boom would normally be retracted inside the resupplymore » vehicle during transit. When the two vehicles are within range of the resupply boom, the boom would be extended to a receiving port on the howitzer. In order to reduce exposure to small arms fire or nuclear, biological, and chemical hazards, the crew would remain inside the resupply vehicle during the resupply operation. The process of extending the boom and linking with the receiving port is called docking. A boom operator would be designated to maneuver the boom into contact with the receiving port using a mechanical joystick. The docking operation depends greatly upon the skill of the boom operator to manipulate the boom into docking position. Computer simulations at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have shown that computer-assisted or autonomous docking can improve the ability of the operator to dock safely and quickly. This document describes the present status of the Crusader Autonomous Docking System (CADS) implemented at Oak Ridge National laboratory (ORNL). The purpose of the CADS project is to determine the feasibility and performance limitations of vision systems to satisfy the autonomous docking requirements for Crusader and conduct a demonstration under controlled conditions.« less

Medium-range fire weather forecasts

Treesearch

J.O. Roads; K. Ueyoshi; S.C. Chen; J. Alpert; F. Fujioka

1991-01-01

The forecast skill of theNational Meteorological Center's medium range forecast (MRF) numerical forecasts of fire weather variables is assessed for the period June 1,1988 to May 31,1990. Near-surface virtual temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and a derived fire weather index (FWI) are forecast well by the MRF model. However, forecast relative humidity has...

33 CFR 334.630 - Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base...

33 CFR 334.630 - Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base...

33 CFR 334.630 - Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base...

33 CFR 334.630 - Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base...

Grace Under Fire: The Army Nurses of Pearl Harbor, 1941.

PubMed

Milbrath, Gwyneth R

2016-01-01

Much has been written about the military events of December 7, 1941; however, little has been documented about the nurses' work and experience at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The aerial assault on Pearl Harbor was the first time in US history that Army nurses had been on the front line of battle. Nurses quickly triaged and stabilized those who could be saved, and provided compassion and comfort to those who were dying, in an environment where the nurses were unsure of their own survival. Traditional historical methods and a social history framework were used in this investigation. Primary sources included oral histories from the US Army Medical Department Center of History and Heritage and the State of Hawaii's website, Hawaii Aviation. Secondary sources included published books, newspaper articles, military websites, and history texts. Due to the limited bed capacity, Hickam Field Hospital converted to an evacuation hospital. Nurses, physicians, and medical corpsman triaged, stabilized, and transported those likely to survive, while staging the dead behind the building. The emergency room at Tripler Hospital was quickly flooded with patients from the battlefield, but the staff was able to sort patients appropriately to the wards, to the operating room, or provide comfort care as they died. At Schofield Hospital, collaboration between tireless doctors, nurses, and corpsmen was key to providing life-saving surgery and care.

Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 1: Historical (pre-1860) and current (1860-2002) fire regimes

Treesearch

William H. Romme; Thomas T. Veblen; Merrill R. Kaufmann; Rosemary Sherriff; Claudia M. Regan

2003-01-01

To address historical and current fire regimes in the Hayman landscape, we first present the concepts of “historical range of variability” and ”fire regime” to provide the necessary conceptual tools for evaluating fire occurrence, fire behavior, and fire effects. Next we summarize historical (pre-1860) fire frequency and fire effects for the major forest types of the...

Parametric Analysis of Energy Consumption in Army Buildings by the Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) Computer Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

orientation, and HVAC systems have on three Army buildings in five different climatic regions. f Optimization of EnerV Usage in Military Facilities...The clinic’s environment is maintained by a multizone air-handling unit served by its own boiler and chiller . The building was modeled with 30... setpoints for the space temperature. This type of throttling range allows the heating system to control around a throttling range of 67 to 69oF (19 to 200

77 FR 62224 - Notice of Intent To Revise Scope of Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Updating the Water...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-12

... Industrial Water Supply From the Buford Dam/Lake Lanier Project AGENCY: Department of the Army, U.S. Army... accommodate municipal and industrial water supply from the Buford Dam/Lake Lanier project. The Corps is... also consider, along with operations for all authorized purposes, an expanded range of water supply...

75 FR 53266 - United States Army Restricted Area, Designated Portions of Eagle Bay and Eagle River, Fort...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... subjected to hazardous levels of noise during certain training exercises; Army control of this area is also... within Fort Richardson. The restricted area is necessary to protect the public against hazardous noise... Flats Weapons Training Range Impact Area, Fort Richardson, Alaska; Restricted Area. (a) The area. The...

Monthly fire behavior patterns

Treesearch

Mark J. Schroeder; Craig C. Chandler

1966-01-01

From tabulated frequency distributions of fire danger indexes for a nationwide network of 89 stations, the probabilities of four types of fire behavior ranging from 'fire out' to 'critical' were calculated for each month and are shown in map form.

A reduction for spiking integrate-and-fire network dynamics ranging from homogeneity to synchrony.

PubMed

Zhang, J W; Rangan, A V

2015-04-01

In this paper we provide a general methodology for systematically reducing the dynamics of a class of integrate-and-fire networks down to an augmented 4-dimensional system of ordinary-differential-equations. The class of integrate-and-fire networks we focus on are homogeneously-structured, strongly coupled, and fluctuation-driven. Our reduction succeeds where most current firing-rate and population-dynamics models fail because we account for the emergence of 'multiple-firing-events' involving the semi-synchronous firing of many neurons. These multiple-firing-events are largely responsible for the fluctuations generated by the network and, as a result, our reduction faithfully describes many dynamic regimes ranging from homogeneous to synchronous. Our reduction is based on first principles, and provides an analyzable link between the integrate-and-fire network parameters and the relatively low-dimensional dynamics underlying the 4-dimensional augmented ODE.

Potential health impacts from range fires at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Willians, G.P.; Hermes, A.M.; Policastro, A.J.

1998-03-01

This study uses atmospheric dispersion computer models to evaluate the potential for human health impacts from exposure to contaminants that could be dispersed by fires on the testing ranges at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. It was designed as a screening study and does not estimate actual human health risks. Considered are five contaminants possibly present in the soil and vegetation from past human activities at APG--lead, arsenic, trichloroethylene (TCE), depleted uranium (DU), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); and two chemical warfare agents that could be released from unexploded ordnance rounds heated in a range fire--mustard and phosgene. For comparison, dispersion of twomore » naturally occurring compounds that could be released by burning of uncontaminated vegetation--vinyl acetate and 2-furaldehyde--is also examined. Data from previous studies on soil contamination at APG are used in conjunction with conservative estimates about plant uptake of contaminants, atmospheric conditions, and size and frequency of range fires at APG to estimate dispersion and possible human exposure. The results are compared with US Environmental Protection Agency action levels. The comparisons indicate that for all of the anthropogenic contaminants except arsenic and mustard, exposure levels would be at least an order of magnitude lower than the corresponding action levels. Because of the compoundingly conservative nature of the assumptions made, they conclude that the potential for significant human health risks from range fires is low. The authors recommend that future efforts be directed at fire management and control, rather than at conducting additional studies to more accurately estimate actual human health risk from range fires.« less

Spaceflight 101: Explorer 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-09

Aerospace pioneers who worked on the launch of Explorer 1 participate in a panel discussion with NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana, at far left, at the center's Training Auditorium on Wednesday, May 9, 2018. Panelists, from left are William "Curly" Chandler, firing room engineer; Lionel (Ed) Fannin, mechanical and propulsion systems; Terry Greenfield, blockhouse engineer; Carl Jones, measuring branch engineer; and Ike Rigell, electrical networks systems chief. Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the U.S. It was launched by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency on Jan. 31, 1958 on a Juno I rocket from Launch Complex-26.

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research, Development, and Testing (24th) Held at Mathematics Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin on 4-6 October 1978

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

study k variables, where k+1 is a multiple of four . In Reference 2, Box and Hunter give the following definition of resolution III designs: "No main... study such a class of generators and show that in a strong sense the combined generator does offer improvement. Our a~ pproach applies results from ma...required to fire a group of rounds has been as great as four hours. Test conditions such as tube droop, cant, ambient environmental conditions and

Army Science Board 1993 Summer Study on Innovative Acquisition Strategies for the 90s

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-07-01

temporay "patch," but the sooner standards are established and enforced, the sooner the "seamless" Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence ...opportunities are present to upgrade Close Combat Heavy systems’ abilities to perform the functions of intelligence and control and the counter-fire function of...35 $000 210 20 302 BUSSI 411RI .DWIB in VIIE YS PRhIIS 5 Is 6000 120 20 145 PIO0IIO0M/1 12I VI14 SYS PRJMH AVC4OM SEC 3 as 500 165 is it VO4TROL [a

Wernher von Braun

NASA Image and Video Library

1959-03-01

In this photo, Director of the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency's (ABMA) Development Operations Division, Dr. Wernher von Braun, and Director of Missile Firing Division, Dr. Kurt Debus, are shown with unidentified individuals, discussing two components that would make up the Pioneer IV Lunar Probe. The mercury batteries (left) were used to power the radio transmitter, cosmic radiation counter and other instruments in Pioneer IV. The conical shroud placed over the instruments of Pioneer IV was plated with gold to improve conductivity. The metal surface also served as the anterna for the probe's instruments signaling back to the Earth receiving stations.

Variability of fire behavior, fire effects, and emissions in Scotch pine forests of central Siberia

Treesearch

D. J. McRae; Susan Conard; G. A. Ivanova; A. I. Sukhinin; Steve Baker; Y. N. Samsonov; T. W. Blake; V. A. Ivanov; A. V. Ivanov; T. V. Churkina; WeiMin Hao; K. P. Koutzenogij; Nataly Kovaleva

2006-01-01

As part of the Russian FIRE BEAR (Fire Effects in the Boreal Eurasia Region) Project, replicated 4-ha experimental fires were conducted on a dry Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris)/lichen (Cladonia sp.)/feathermoss (Pleurozeum schreberi) forest site in central Siberia. Observations from the initial seven surface fires (2000-2001) ignited under a range of burning...

Radiant flux density, energy density, and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires

Treesearch

R.L. Kremens; M.B. Dickinson; A.S. Bova

2012-01-01

Closing the wildland fire heat budget involves characterising the heat source and energy dissipation across the range of variability in fuels and fire behaviour. Meeting this challenge will lay the foundation for predicting direct ecological effects of fires and fire-atmosphere coupling. In this paper, we focus on the relationships between the fire radiation field, as...

Gas emissions, minerals, and tars associated with three coal fires, Powder River Basin, USA.

PubMed

Engle, Mark A; Radke, Lawrence F; Heffern, Edward L; O'Keefe, Jennifer M K; Hower, James C; Smeltzer, Charles D; Hower, Judith M; Olea, Ricardo A; Eatwell, Robert J; Blake, Donald R; Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D; Stout, Scott A; Queen, Gerald; Aggen, Kerry L; Kolker, Allan; Prakash, Anupma; Henke, Kevin R; Stracher, Glenn B; Schroeder, Paul A; Román-Colón, Yomayra; ter Schure, Arnout

2012-03-15

Ground-based surveys of three coal fires and airborne surveys of two of the fires were conducted near Sheridan, Wyoming. The fires occur in natural outcrops and in abandoned mines, all containing Paleocene-age subbituminous coals. Diffuse (carbon dioxide (CO(2)) only) and vent (CO(2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and elemental mercury) emission estimates were made for each of the fires. Additionally, gas samples were collected for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis and showed a large range in variation between vents. The fires produce locally dangerous levels of CO, CO(2), H(2)S, and benzene, among other gases. At one fire in an abandoned coal mine, trends in gas and tar composition followed a change in topography. Total CO(2) fluxes for the fires from airborne, ground-based, and rate of fire advancement estimates ranged from 0.9 to 780mg/s/m(2) and are comparable to other coal fires worldwide. Samples of tar and coal-fire minerals collected from the mouth of vents provided insight into the behavior and formation of the coal fires. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Integrating remote sensing and terrain data in forest fire modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medler, Michael Johns

Forest fire policies are changing. Managers now face conflicting imperatives to re-establish pre-suppression fire regimes, while simultaneously preventing resource destruction. They must, therefore, understand the spatial patterns of fires. Geographers can facilitate this understanding by developing new techniques for mapping fire behavior. This dissertation develops such techniques for mapping recent fires and using these maps to calibrate models of potential fire hazards. In so doing, it features techniques that strive to address the inherent complexity of modeling the combinations of variables found in most ecological systems. Image processing techniques were used to stratify the elements of terrain, slope, elevation, and aspect. These stratification images were used to assure sample placement considered the role of terrain in fire behavior. Examination of multiple stratification images indicated samples were placed representatively across a controlled range of scales. The incorporation of terrain data also improved preliminary fire hazard classification accuracy by 40%, compared with remotely sensed data alone. A Kauth-Thomas transformation (KT) of pre-fire and post-fire Thematic Mapper (TM) remotely sensed data produced brightness, greenness, and wetness images. Image subtraction indicated fire induced change in brightness, greenness, and wetness. Field data guided a fuzzy classification of these change images. Because fuzzy classification can characterize a continuum of a phenomena where discrete classification may produce artificial borders, fuzzy classification was found to offer a range of fire severity information unavailable with discrete classification. These mapped fire patterns were used to calibrate a model of fire hazards for the entire mountain range. Pre-fire TM, and a digital elevation model produced a set of co-registered images. Training statistics were developed from 30 polygons associated with the previously mapped fire severity. Fuzzy classifications of potential burn patterns were produced from these images. Observed field data values were displayed over the hazard imagery to indicate the effectiveness of the model. Areas that burned without suppression during maximum fire severity are predicted best. Areas with widely spaced trees and grassy understory appear to be misrepresented, perhaps as a consequence of inaccuracies in the initial fire mapping.

33 CFR 334.630 - Tampa Bay south of MacDill Air Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base... Force Base, Fla.; small-arms firing range and aircraft jettison, U.S. Air Force, MacDill Air Force Base...″, longitude 82°33′02.44″; and thence to a point on the shore line of MacDill Air Force Base at latitude 27°50...

32 CFR 644.523 - Restricting future of artillery and other ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ranges. Experience indicates that, on ranges where high explosive projectiles have been fired or dropped... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Restricting future of artillery and other ranges... concentration of fire, and the properties of these projectiles are such that many duds are deeply buried. Depth...

32 CFR 644.523 - Restricting future of artillery and other ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ranges. Experience indicates that, on ranges where high explosive projectiles have been fired or dropped... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Restricting future of artillery and other ranges... concentration of fire, and the properties of these projectiles are such that many duds are deeply buried. Depth...

32 CFR 644.523 - Restricting future of artillery and other ranges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ranges. Experience indicates that, on ranges where high explosive projectiles have been fired or dropped... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Restricting future of artillery and other ranges... concentration of fire, and the properties of these projectiles are such that many duds are deeply buried. Depth...

FEES: design of a Fire Economics Evaluation System

Treesearch

Thomas J. Mills; Frederick W. Bratten

1982-01-01

The Fire Economics Evaluation System (FEES)--a simulation model--is being designed for long-term planning application by all public agencies with wildland fire management responsibilities. A fully operational version of FEES will be capable of estimating the economic efficiency, fire-induced changes in resource outputs, and risk characteristics of a range of fire...

Measurement and prediction of post-fire erosion at the hillslope scale, Colorado Front Range

Treesearch

Juan de Dios Benavides-Solorio; Lee H. MacDonald

2005-01-01

Post-fire soil erosion is of considerable concern because of the potential decline in site productivity and adverse effects on downstream resources. For the Colorado Front Range there is a paucity of post-fire erosion data and a corresponding lack of predictive models. This study measured hillslope-scale sediment production rates and site characteristics for three wild...

Holocene vegetation and fire history of the Coast Range, western Oregon, USA

Treesearch

Colin J. Long; Cathy Whitlock; Patrick J. Bartlein

2007-01-01

Pollen and high-resolution charcoal records from three lakes were examined to reconstruct the vegetation and fire history of the Oregon Coast Range for the last 9000 years. The sites are located along a north to- south effective precipitation gradient and changes in vegetation and fire activity provided information on the nature of this gradient in the past. The...

78 FR 51176 - Record of Decision for the Modernization and Enhancement of Ranges, Airspace, and Training Areas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

... United States Air Force (Air Force) on 6 August 2013. The ROD states the Air Force and Army decision on... (6) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Access (Army). The decision was based on relevant factors discussed in.... Authority: This NOA is published pursuant to the regulations (40 CFR Part 1506.6) implementing the...

Lead Free Electric Primer

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-06

composites were prepared with varying metal to oxidizer (M/O) ratios ranging from 0.782 to 3.165 (see Table 7). The performance was measured by the...and the Army was expecting to begin their processing efforts in the near future. The Army purchased primer metal parts and was prepared to perform...43 Table 19 – Samples Prepared Using Different Mix Times and Amplitudes

79. VIEW OF VAL FIRING RANGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST SHOWING LAUNCHER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

79. VIEW OF VAL FIRING RANGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST SHOWING LAUNCHER BRIDGE, BARGES, SONAR BUOY RANGE AND MORRIS DAM IN BACKGROUND, June 10, 1948. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Fuel variability following wildfire in forests with mixed severity fire regimes, Cascade Range, USA

Treesearch

Jessica L. Hudec; David L. Peterson

2012-01-01

Fire severity influences post-burn structure and composition of a forest and the potential for a future fire to burn through the area. The effects of fire on forests with mixed severity fire regimes are difficult to predict and interpret because the quantity, structure, and composition of forest fuels vary considerably. This study examines the relationship between fire...

Battles between an insurgent army and an advanced army - focus on strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sen, Surajit; Shanahan, Linda

2008-03-01

Detailed and aggregate analyses of the outcome of past battles focusing on rates of troop losses or on the ratios of forces on each side is at the heart of present knowledge about battles. Here we present non-equilibrium statistical mechanics based studies of possible outcomes of well matched strategic battles by a ``blue'' army against insurgency based attacks by well matched opponents in a ``red'' army in red territory. We assume that the red army attacks with randomly varying force levels to potentially confuse and drive the blue's strategies. The temporal evolution of the model battles incorporate randomness in the deployment of the reds and hence possess attendant history dependence. Our results reveal that while unpredictable events play a major role in battles, a balance between risk of exposure in a battlefield and the use of short range intelligence is needed in determining whether one side can decimate the other, and hence force a battle to end.

California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) habitat use patterns in a burned landscape

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eyes, Stephanie; Roberts, Susan L.; Johnson, Matthew D.

2017-01-01

Fire is a dynamic ecosystem process of mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, but there is limited scientific information addressing wildlife habitat use in burned landscapes. Recent studies have presented contradictory information regarding the effects of stand-replacing wildfires on Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis) and their habitat. While fire promotes heterogeneous forest landscapes shown to be favored by owls, high severity fire may create large canopy gaps that can fragment the closed-canopy habitat preferred by Spotted Owls. We used radio-telemetry to determine whether foraging California Spotted Owls (S. o. occidentalis) in Yosemite National Park, California, USA, showed selection for particular fire severity patch types within their home ranges. Our results suggested that Spotted Owls exhibited strong habitat selection within their home ranges for locations near the roost and edge habitats, and weak selection for lower fire severity patch types. Although owls selected high contrast edges with greater relative probabilities than low contrast edges, we did not detect a statistical difference between these probabilities. Protecting forests from stand-replacing fires via mechanical thinning or prescribed fire is a priority for management agencies, and our results suggest that fires of low to moderate severity can create habitat conditions within California Spotted Owls' home ranges that are favored for foraging.

Primary Disaster Field Office (DFO), Lufkin, Texas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wetherbee, James D.

2005-01-01

On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart during atmospheric re-entry on mission STS-107; the complexity of such an event cannot be underestimated. The Lufkin Disaster Field Office (DFO) served as the primary DFO for all operations, including staging assets and deploying field teams for search, recovery and security. There were many organizations that had operational experience with disaster recovery. Offers to help came from many groups including the White House Liaison Office, the Department of Defense (DOD), branches of local, state and federal government, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), state police, fire departments, the Texas Forestry Service, the Texas Army National Guard, medical groups, various rescue forces, contractor companies, the Salvation Army, local businesses, and citizens of our country and especially East Texas. The challenge was to know how much help to accept and how to efficiently incorporate their valuable assistance into a comprehensive and cohesive operational plan. There were more than 2,000 people involved with search and recovery.

Fire on the mountain: birds and burns in the Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Natasha B. Kotliar; Victoria A. Saab; Richard L. Hutto

2005-01-01

The diversity of climate and topography across the Rocky Mountains has resulted in a broad spectrum of fire regimes ranging from frequent, low-severity fires to infrequent stand-replacement events. Such variation in fire history contributes to landscape structure and dynamics, and in turn can influence subsequent fire behavior (Allen et al. 2002). In essence,...

Response of forest soil Acari to prescribed fire following stand structure manipulation in the southern Cascade Range.Can

Treesearch

Michael A. Camann; Nancy E. Gillette; Karen L. Lamoncha; Sylvia R. Mori

2008-01-01

We studied responses of Acari, especially oribatid mites, to prescribed low-intensity fire in an east side pine site in the southern Cascade Range in California. We compared oribatid population and assemblage responses to prescribed fire in stands that had been selectively logged to enhance old growth characteristics, in logged stands to minimize old growth...

Landscape patterns of montane forest age structure relative to fire history at Cheesman Lake in the Colorado Front Range

Treesearch

Laurie S. Huckaby; Merrill R. Kaufmann; Jason M. Stoker; Paula J. Fornwalt

2001-01-01

Lack of Euro-American disturbance, except fire suppression, has preserved the patterns of forest structure that resulted from the presettlement disturbance regime in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir landscape at Cheesman Lake in the Colorado Front Range. A mixed-severity fire regime and variable timing of tree recruitment created a heterogeneous forest age structure with...

Aircraft engine sump-fire studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loomis, W. R.

1976-01-01

Results of ongoing experimental studies are reported in which a 125-millimeter-diameter-advanced-bearing test rig simulating an engine sump is being used to find the critical range of conditions for fires to occur. Design, material, and operating concepts and techniques are being studied with the objective of minimizing the problem. It has been found that the vapor temperature near a spark ignitor is most important in determining ignition potential. At temperatures producing oil vapor pressures below or much above the calculated flammability limits, fires have not been ignited. But fires have been routinely started within the theoretical flammability range. This indicates that generalizing the sump-fire problem may make it amenable to analysis, with the potential for realistic solutions.

Only multi-taxon studies show the full range of arthropod responses to fire

PubMed Central

Pryke, James S.; Gaigher, René; Samways, Michael J.

2018-01-01

Fire is a major driver in many ecosystems. Yet, little is known about how different ground-living arthropods survive fire. Using three sampling methods, and time-since-fire (last fire event: 3 months, 1 year, and 7 years), we investigate how ground-living arthropod diversity responds to fire, and how species richness, diversity, abundance, and composition of the four dominant taxa: ants, beetles, cockroaches and mites, respond. We did this in the naturally fire-prone Mediterranean-type scrubland vegetation (fynbos) of the Cape Floristic Region. Surprisingly, overall species richness and diversity was the same for all time-since-fire categories. However, when each dominant taxon was analysed separately, effect of fire on species richness and abundance varied among taxa. This emphasizes that many taxa must be investigated to really understand fire-driven events. We also highlight the importance of using different diversity measures, as fire did not influence species richness and abundance of particular taxa, while it affected others, overall greatly affecting assemblages of all taxa. Rockiness affected species richness, abundance and composition of a few taxa. We found that all time-since-fire categories supported distinctive assemblages. Some indicator species occurred across all time-since-fire categories, while others were restricted to a single time-since-fire category, showing that there is a wide range of responses to fire between taxa. Details of local landscape structure, abiotic and biotic, and frequency and intensity of fire add complexity to the fire-arthropod interaction. Overall, we show that the relationship between fire and arthropods is phylogenetically constrained, having been honed by many millennia of fire events, and highly complex. Present-day species manifest a variety of adaptations for surviving the great natural selective force of fire. PMID:29614132

Measurement of latent cognitive abilities involved in concept identification learning.

PubMed

Thomas, Michael L; Brown, Gregory G; Gur, Ruben C; Moore, Tyler M; Patt, Virginie M; Nock, Matthew K; Naifeh, James A; Heeringa, Steven; Ursano, Robert J; Stein, Murray B

2015-01-01

We used cognitive and psychometric modeling techniques to evaluate the construct validity and measurement precision of latent cognitive abilities measured by a test of concept identification learning: the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET). Item response theory parameters were embedded within classic associative- and hypothesis-based Markov learning models and were fitted to 35,553 Army soldiers' PCET data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Data were consistent with a hypothesis-testing model with multiple latent abilities-abstraction and set shifting. Latent abstraction ability was positively correlated with number of concepts learned, and latent set-shifting ability was negatively correlated with number of perseverative errors, supporting the construct validity of the two parameters. Abstraction was most precisely assessed for participants with abilities ranging from 1.5 standard deviations below the mean to the mean itself. Measurement of set shifting was acceptably precise only for participants making a high number of perseverative errors. The PCET precisely measures latent abstraction ability in the Army STARRS sample, especially within the range of mildly impaired to average ability. This precision pattern is ideal for a test developed to measure cognitive impairment as opposed to cognitive strength. The PCET also measures latent set-shifting ability, but reliable assessment is limited to the impaired range of ability, reflecting that perseverative errors are rare among cognitively healthy adults. Integrating cognitive and psychometric models can provide information about construct validity and measurement precision within a single analytical framework.

Army AL&T, July-September 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Technology , and Logistics (AT&L) Workforce and will summarize best practices , specific initiatives, and relevant accomplishments of DOD and the...PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Army Acquisition, Logistics & Technology (AT&L...logistics, and technology (AL&T) community. We have a vast number of programs that range from developing transformational technologies for our

Demographic Projections to the Year 2000 of Limited English Proficient Hispanic Accessions in the U.S. Army. Research Report 1349.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oxford-Carpenter, Rebecca; And Others

This report presents background, methodology, findings, and implications regarding the generation of demographic projections to the year 2000 of limited English proficient Hispanic accessions in the U.S. Army. Projections are made for males and females, various Hispanic ethnic groups, and age bands within the accession age range of 17-35. Results…

Targeting Biological Sensing with Commercial SERS Substrates

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-SEE-E 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1197 8. PERFORMING...Pellegrino* *U.S. Army Research Laboratories, RDRL-SEE-E, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 Department of Mechanical Engineering and...demonstrated typical RSDs ranging from 10-15% under drop and dry conditions. While these standard Klarite substrates do demonstrate a high

Real Time Physiological Status Monitoring (RT-PSM): Accomplishments, Requirements, and Research Roadmap

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

Maneuver Center of Excellence (US Army - Ft. Benning) MINIMEN Minimalist Wearable Mesh Network Mloco Metabolic Costs of Locomotion MOUT Military...detect blast and ballistic wounding events Quantum Applied Science & Research, Inc. Army A05-163 SBIR 2005 Minimalist Short- Range Wearable for...STTR 2005 (Phase 1) 2005 Minimalist Wearable Mesh Network (MINIMEN) System Develop PSM system linking wearable sensors, mesh networking

Interim Guidance on the Use of SiteStat/GridStats and Other Army Corps of Engineers Statistical Techniques to Characterize Military Ranges

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The purpose of this memorandum is to inform recipients of concerns regarding Army Corps of Engineers statistical techniques, provide a list of installations and FWS where SiteStat/GridStats (SS/GS) have been used, and to provide direction on communicating with the public on the use of these 'tools' by USACE.

Preparing for War: The Structure and Conduct of Peacetime Maneuvers

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

today.8 Documents such as Army TRADOC 525 series pamphlets and the current National Security Strategy will be examined to determine scenarios the...conduct training exercises.10 TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-0, The Army Capstone Concept, Operational Adaptability: Operations under Conditions of Uncertainty...intermediate objectives to achieve long range goals, this base force provides the planning foundation for program requirements.it 11 TRADOC Pamphlet

Long Range Surveillance Units (LRSU): The Past, Present, and Future

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-27

learned very well the lessons of the past and has put the human element back in the intelligence collection business . In 1986 the Army revitalized...has learned very well the lessons of the past and has put the human element back in the intelligence collection business . In 1986 the Army revitalized...USAREUR ------------------- 13 Methods of Insertion -------------------- 15 CHAPTER IV. EQUIPMENT ISSUES ------------------------ 18 (GORTEX, OPTICS

Early forest dynamics in stand-replacing fire patches in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Treesearch

Brandon M. Collins; Gary B. Roller

2013-01-01

There is considerable concern over the occurrence of stand-replacing fire in forest types historically associated with low- to moderate-severity fire. The concern is largely over whether contemporary levels of stand-replacing fire are outside the historical range of variability, and what natural forest recovery is in these forest types following stand-replacing fire....

Managing fire and fuels in a warmer climate

Treesearch

David L. Peterson

2010-01-01

This historical perspective on fire provides a window into the future of fire in the Pacific Northwest. Although fire will always be more common in the interior portion of the region, a warmer climate could bring more fire to the westside of the Cascade Range where summers are typically dry and will probably become drier. If future climate resembles the climate now...

Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: U.S. emissions inventories

Treesearch

Narasimhan K. Larkin; Sean M. Raffuse; Tara M. Strand

2014-01-01

Emissions from wildland fire are both highly variable and highly uncertain over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Wildland fire emissions change considerably due to fluctuations from year to year with overall fire season severity, from season to season as different regions pass in and out of wildfire and prescribed fire periods, and from day to day as...

Lightning fires in southwestern forests

Treesearch

Jack S. Barrows

1978-01-01

Lightning is the leading cause of fires in southwestern forests. On all protected private, state and federal lands in Arizona and New Mexico, nearly 80 percent of the forest, brush and range fires are ignited by lightning. The Southwestern region leads all other regions of the United States both in total number of lightning fires and in the area burned by these fires...

Post-fire surface fuel dynamics in California forests across three burn severity classes

Treesearch

Bianca N. I. Eskelson; Vicente J. Monleon

2018-01-01

Forest wildfires consume fuel and are followed by post-fire fuel accumulation. This study examines post-fire surface fuel dynamics over 9 years across a wide range of conditions characteristic of California fires in dry conifer and hardwood forests. We estimated post-fire surface fuel loadings (Mg ha _1) from 191 repeatedly measured United States...

What ever happened to accountability?

PubMed

Ricks, Thomas E

2012-10-01

When leaders don't fire underperforming executives, they send a bad message to the whole organization. A case in point is the U.S. Army. "To study the change in the army across the two decades between World War II and Vietnam," Ricks writes, "is to learn how a culture of high standards and accountability can deteriorate." In this essay, adapted from his new book, The Generals: American Military Command from World War II to Today, Ricks illuminates the contrast between General George C. Marshall, an unlikely figure of quiet resolve who became a classic transformational Leader, and the disastrous generals of the Vietnam era. In Vietnam, he writes, the honesty and accountability of Marshall's system were replaced by deceit and command indiscipline. If inadequate leaders are allowed to remain in command of an enterprise, their superiors must look for other ways to accomplish its goals. In Vietnam commanders turned to micromanagement, hovering overhead in helicopters to direct (and interfere with) squad leaders and platoon leaders on the ground. This both undercut combat effectiveness and denied small-unit leaders the opportunity to grow by making decisions under extreme pressure. In Iraq and Afghanistan, Ricks writes, though U.S. troops fought their battles magnificently, their generals often seemed ill equipped for the tasks at hand-especially the difficult but essential job of turning victories on the ground into strategic progress. This brief but powerful history of the army since World War II holds stark lessons for business leaders.

Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kaufmann, M.R.; Huckaby, L.S.; Fornwalt, P.J.; Stoker, J.M.; Romme, W.H.

2003-01-01

Tree age and fire history were studied in an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir ( Pinus ponderosa/Pseudotsuga menziesii ) landscape in the Colorado Front Range mountains. These data were analysed to understand tree survival during fire and post‐fire recruitment patterns after fire, as a basis for understanding the characteristics of, and restoration needs for, an ecologically sustainable landscape. Comparisons of two independent tree age data sets indicated that sampling what subjectively appear to be the five oldest trees in a forest polygon could identify the oldest tree. Comparisons of the ages of the oldest trees in each data set with maps of fire history suggested that delays in establishment of trees, after stand‐replacing fire, ranged from a few years to more than a century. These data indicate that variable fire severity, including patches of stand replacement, and variable temporal patterns of tree recruitment into openings after fire were major causes of spatial heterogeneity of patch structure in the landscape. These effects suggest that restoring current dense and homogeneous ponderosa pine forests to an ecologically sustainable and dynamic condition should reflect the roles of fires and variable patterns of tree recruitment in regulating landscape structure.

Response of selected plants to fire on white sands missile range, New Mexico

Treesearch

Kenneth G. Boykin

2008-01-01

Little was known about the ecology, impacts, effects, and history of fire related to manyplants and communities within White Sands Missile Range. I began by identifying the knownaspects and the gaps in knowledge for White Sands Missile Range. I analyzed existing dataavailable for the Installation taken from the Integrated Training...

Fire management of California shrubland landscapes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keeley, Jon E.

2002-01-01

Fire management of California shrublands has been heavily influenced by policies designed for coniferous forests, however, fire suppression has not effectively excluded fire from chaparral and coastal sage scrub landscapes and catastrophic wildfires are not the result of unnatural fuel accumulation. There is no evidence that prescribed burning in these shrublands provides any resource benefit and in some areas may negatively impact shrublands by increasing fire frequency. Therefore, fire hazard reduction is the primary justification for prescription burning, but it is doubtful that rotational burning to create landscape age mosaics is a cost effective method of controlling catastrophic wildfires. There are problems with prescription burning in this crown-fire ecosystem that are not shared by forests with a natural surface-fire regime. Prescription weather conditions preclude burning at rotation intervals sufficient to effect the control of fires ignited under severe weather conditions. Fire management should focus on strategic placement of prescription burns to both insure the most efficient fire hazard reduction and to minimize the amount of landscape exposed to unnaturally high fire frequency. A major contributor to increased fire suppression costs and increased loss of property and lives is the continued urban sprawl into wildlands naturally subjected to high intensity crown fires. Differences in shrubland fire history suggest there may be a need for different fire management tactics between central coastal and southern California. Much less is known about shrubland fire history in the Sierra Nevada foothills and interior North Coast Ranges, and thus it would be prudent to not transfer these ideas too broadly across the range of chaparral until we have a clearer understanding of the extent of regional variation in shrubland fire regimes.

Fire management of California shrubland landscapes.

PubMed

Keeley, Jon E

2002-03-01

Fire management of California shrublands has been heavily influenced by policies designed for coniferous forests, however, fire suppression has not effectively excluded fire from chaparral and coastal sage scrub landscapes and catastrophic wildfires are not the result of unnatural fuel accumulation. There is no evidence that prescribed burning in these shrublands provides any resource benefit and in some areas may negatively impact shrublands by increasing fire frequency. Therefore, fire hazard reduction is the primary justification for prescription burning, but it is doubtful that rotational burning to create landscape age mosaics is a cost effective method of controlling catastrophic wildfires. There are problems with prescription burning in this crown-fire ecosystem that are not shared by forests with a natural surface-fire regime. Prescription weather conditions preclude burning at rotation intervals sufficient to effect the control of fires ignited under severe weather conditions. Fire management should focus on strategic placement of prescription burns to both insure the most efficient fire hazard reduction and to minimize the amount of landscape exposed to unnaturally high fire frequency. A major contributor to increased fire suppression costs and increased loss of property and lives is the continued urban sprawl into wildlands naturally subjected to high intensity crown fires. Differences in shrubland fire history suggest there may be a need for different fire management tactics between central coastal and southern California. Much less is known about shrubland fire history in the Sierra Nevada foothills and interior North Coast Ranges, and thus it would be prudent to not transfer these ideas too broadly across the range of chaparral until we have a clearer understanding of the extent of regional variation in shrubland fire regimes.

33 CFR 334.390 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Fleet Combat Center, Atlantic, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during periods of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...

33 CFR 334.390 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fleet Combat Center, Atlantic, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during periods of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...

33 CFR 334.390 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Fleet Combat Center, Atlantic, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during periods of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...

33 CFR 334.390 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Fleet Combat Center, Atlantic, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during periods of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...

33 CFR 334.390 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay; firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fleet Combat Center, Atlantic, Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia. After darkness, night vision systems... firing on the range during periods of low visibility which would prevent the recognition of a vessel (to...

Unit Fire Direction Center Training Program for the 81mm Mortar

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

rotor* It to IM Ui. Army ftoioardi instltuto for IM üEaotOfH ond It It «0 Motor NMM. *•••• «o not Sod «« fctonoM. WQTt, Thrt «oiMrcfi *OOMCI * m« to...Virginia 22333-5600 REPORT * PERIOD COVERCO Interim Report June 1983-June 1984 «. PERFORMING OR6. REPORT NUMBER I. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBCRf«) MDA ...command for the FFE? A B C D riet Mc M&- 3§± sec MTM. rat US SM tffl sm. mi Htll Iff TMt ! EZ9 E3B NOTE: EOM, mark as Tgt CD 06

New horizons: Australian nurses at work in World War I.

PubMed

Harris, Kirsty

2014-06-01

More than 3000 nurses from Australia served with the Australian Army Nursing Service or the British nursing services during World War I. These nurses served in various theatres of war including Egypt, France, India, Greece, Italy and England. They worked in numerous roles including as a surgical team nurse close to the front working under fire; nursing on hospital ships carrying the sick and wounded; or managing hospital wards overrun with patients whilst dealing with a lack of hospital necessities. The skills and roles needed to be a military nurse significantly differed to the skills required to nurse in Australia. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A portrait of Fielding H Garrison (1870-1935): America's pioneering medical historian.

PubMed

Colman, Eric G

2004-11-01

Fielding Hudson Garrison once remarked that because his birthday fell on 5 November, Guy Fawkes Day, he was "fated to suffer from in-ward hell-fire and brimstone all [his] life". Though said in jest, Garrison was a vulnerable, melancholic and self-confessed lonely man who found solace in the papers, periodicals and books of the Army Medical Library-today's National Library of Medicine. Over the course of approximately 25 years, and often while working in his spare time, Garrison went from a clerk in the world's largest medical library to America's pioneering and, arguably, most prolific medical historian, past or present.

Fire exclusion as a disturbance in the temperate forests of the USA: examples from longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Dale D. Wade

2005-01-01

Forest fires are a disturbance where the effects can range from benign to extreme devastation within a given ecosystem. The stage of stand development coupled with prior management dictates the amount and composition of potential fuels. Thus, fire policy exerts a strong influence on fire effects. Changes in cultural acceptance and use of tire typically drive fire...

Soil, fire, water, and wind: how the elements conspire in the forest context

Treesearch

Ralph E.J. Boerner

2006-01-01

Reviews our current understanding of the impact of fires typical of eastern oak forests on soil properties, soil organisms, and water quality. Most oak ecosystem fires are dormant-season fires whose intensity falls at the low end of the range of wildland fires. Direct heating of the mineral soil generally is minor except where accumulations of woody debris smolder for...

Proposed wildland fire amendment to the Coronado National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Treesearch

Sherry A. Tune; Erin M. Boyle

2005-01-01

The Coronado National Forest proposed amending its 1986 Land and Resource Management Plan to conform to the 2001 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy. This Policy emphasizes fire’s essential role in maintaining natural ecosystems and allows a broader range of management options for wildland fires. Under the current Forest Plan, fires must be suppressed in areas...

Characterization of flame radiosity in shrubland fires

Treesearch

Miguel G. Cruz; Bret W. Butler; Domingos X. Viegas; Pedro Palheiro

2011-01-01

The present study is aimed at quantifying the flame radiosity vertical profile and gas temperature in moderate to high intensity spreading fires in shrubland fuels. We report on the results from 11 experimental fires conducted over a range of fire rate of spread and frontal fire intensity varying respectively between 0.04-0.35ms-1 and 468-14,973kWm-1. Flame radiosity,...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hollingsworth, LaWen T.; Kurth, Laurie,; Parresol, Bernard, R.

Landscape-scale fire behavior analyses are important to inform decisions on resource management projects that meet land management objectives and protect values from adverse consequences of fire. Deterministic and probabilistic geospatial fire behavior analyses are conducted with various modeling systems including FARSITE, FlamMap, FSPro, and Large Fire Simulation System. The fundamental fire intensity algorithms in these systems require surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover to model surface fire behavior. Canopy base height, stand height, and canopy bulk density are required in addition to surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover to model crown fire activity. Several surface fuelmore » and canopy classification efforts have used various remote sensing and ecological relationships as core methods to develop the spatial layers. All of these methods depend upon consistent and temporally constant interpretations of crown attributes and their ecological conditions to estimate surface fuel conditions. This study evaluates modeled fire behavior for an 80,000 ha tract of land in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern US using three different data sources. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) was used to build fuelbeds from intensive field sampling of 629 plots. Custom fire behavior fuel models were derived from these fuelbeds. LANDFIRE developed surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy attributes for the US using satellite imagery informed by field data. The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA) developed surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover for the southeastern US using satellite imagery. Differences in modeled fire behavior, data development, and data utility are summarized to assist in determining which data source may be most applicable for various land management activities and required analyses. Characterizing fire behavior under different fuel relationships provides insights for natural ecological processes, management strategies for fire mitigation, and positive and negative features of different modeling systems. A comparison of flame length, rate of spread, crown fire activity, and burn probabilities modeled with FlamMap shows some similar patterns across the landscape from all three data sources, but there are potentially important differences. All data sources showed an expected range of fire behavior. Average flame lengths ranged between 1 and 1.4 m. Rate of spread varied the greatest with a range of 2.4-5.7 m min{sup -1}. Passive crown fire was predicted for 5% of the study area using FCCS and LANDFIRE while passive crown fire was not predicted using SWRA data. No active crown fire was predicted regardless of the data source. Burn probability patterns across the landscape were similar but probability was highest using SWRA and lowest using FCCS.« less

Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression

Treesearch

Merrill R. Kaufmann; Laurie S. Huckaby; Paula J. Fornwalt; Jason M. Stoker; William H. Romme

2003-01-01

Tree age and fire history were studied in an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pinus ponderosa/Pseudotsuga menziesii) landscape in the Colorado Front Range mountains. These data were analysed to understand tree survival during fire and post-fire recruitment patterns after fire, as a basis for understanding the characteristics of, and restoration needs for, an...

Characterizing fire-related spatial patterns in fire-prone ecosystems using optical and microwave remote sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henry, Mary Catherine

The use of active and passive remote sensing systems for relating forest spatial patterns to fire history was tested over one of the Arizona Sky Islands. Using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-C), and data fusion I examined the relationship between landscape metrics and a range of fire history characteristics. Each data type (TM, SIR-C, and fused) was processed in the following manner: each band, channel, or derived feature was simplified to a thematic layer and landscape statistics were calculated for plots with known fire history. These landscape metrics were then correlated with fire history characteristics, including number of fire-free years in a given time period, mean fire-free interval, and time since fire. Results from all three case studies showed significant relationships between fire history and forest spatial patterns. Data fusion performed as well or better than Landsat TM alone, and better than SIR-C alone. These comparisons were based on number and strength of significant correlations each method achieved. The landscape metric that was most consistent and obtained the greatest number of significant correlations was Shannon's Diversity Index. Results also agreed with field-based research that has linked higher fire frequency to increased landscape diversity and patchiness. An additional finding was that the fused data seem to detect fire-related spatial patterns over a range of scales.

Neurological Basis and Potential Modification of Emotional Intelligence through Affective/Behavioral Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

December 2014 TYPE OF REPORT: Final PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command Fort Detrick, Maryland...9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command...healthy adults (31 men), ranging in age from 18-50 years, were also queried about their practice of medication . The sample included 28 individuals who

Army Corps of Engineers: Action Needed to Ensure the Quality of Maintenance Dredging Contract Cost Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

planning, awarding, and administering maintenance dredging contracts with industry . 8For more information on hopper dredging, see GAO, Army Corps of...miles of waterways and hundreds of ports of harbors. The Corps conducts maintenance dredging primarily under contract with private industry to...headquarters, divisions, and districts (selected for geographic variation and range of dredging work) and dredging industry stakeholders. What

33 CFR 334.670 - Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; air-to-air firing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; air-to-air firing practice range, Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla. 334... Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; air-to-air firing practice range, Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla. (a...

Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allen, Craig D.

1996-01-01

In 1977, the La Mesa Fire burned across 15,444 acres of ponderosa pine forests on the adjoining lands of Bandelier National Monument, the Santa Fe National Forest, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Following this event, several fire effects studies were initiated. The 16 papers herein document longer-term knowledge gained about the ecological effects of the fire and about Southwestern fire ecology in general. The presentations are also designed to give resource managers practical information for managing fire in local landscapes. Studies presented range from fire histories and avifauna to geomorphology and arthropods.

Assessment of Energetic Compounds, Semi-volatile Organic Compounds, and Trace Elements in Streambed Sediment and Stream Water from Streams Draining Munitions Firing Points and Impact Areas, Fort Riley, Kansas, 2007-08

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coiner, R.L.; Pope, L.M.; Mehl, H.E.

2010-01-01

An assessment of energetic compounds (explosive and propellant residues) and associated semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and trace elements in streambed sediment and stream water from streams draining munitions firing points and impact areas at Fort Riley, northeast Kansas, was performed during 2007-08 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army. Streambed sediment from 16 sampling sites and stream-water samples from 5 sites were collected at or near Fort Riley and analyzed for as many as 17 energetic compounds, 65 SVOCs, and 27 trace elements. None of the energetic compounds or SVOCs were detected in streambed sediment collected from sites within the Fort Riley Military Reservation. This may indicate that these compounds either are not transported from dispersal areas or that analytical methods are not sensitive enough to detect the small concentrations that may be transported. Concentrations of munitions-associated trace elements did not exceed sediment-quality guidelines recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and are not indicative of contamination of streambed sediment at selected streambed sampling sites, at least in regards to movement from dispersal areas. Analytical results of stream-water samples provided little evidence of contamination by energetic compounds, SVOCs, or associated trace elements. Perchlorate was detected in 19 of 20 stream-water samples at concentrations ranging from an estimated 0.057 to an estimated 0.236 ug/L (micrograms per liter) with a median concentration of an estimated 0.114 ug/L, substantially less than the USEPA Interim Health Advisory criterion (15 ug/L), and is in the range of documented background concentrations. Because of these small concentrations and possible natural sources (precipitation and groundwater), it is likely that the occurrence of perchlorate in stream water is naturally occurring, although a definitive identification of the source of perchlorate in stream water at Fort Riley is difficult. The only SVOCs detected in stream-water samples were bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate but at concentrations substantially less than the most stringent aquatic-life criteria established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. All trace element concentrations in stream-water samples were less than the most stringent aquatic-life criteria. The implication of these stream-water results is that contamination arising from firing-range activities, if it exists, is so small as to be nondetectable with current analytical methods or is not distinguishable from background concentrations for constituents that also are naturally occurring. Overall, the munitions-related constituents analyzed in streambed sediment and stream water, when detected, were at concentrations that were less than regulatory criteria

Rocky Mountain Research Station 2008-2012 National Fire Plan Investments

Treesearch

Erika Gallegos

2013-01-01

This report highlights selected accomplishments by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station's Wildland Fire and Fuels Research & Development projects in support of the National Fire Plan from 2008 through 2012. These projects are examples of the broad range of knowledge and tools developed by National Fire Plan funding beginning in 2008.

Fire regimes, past and present

Treesearch

Carl N. Skinner; Chiru Chang

1996-01-01

Fire has been an important ecosystem process in the Sierra Nevada for thousands of years. Before the area was settled in the 1850s, fires were generally frequent throughout much of the range. The frequency and severity of these fires varied spatially and temporally depending upon climate, elevation, topography, vegetation, edaphic conditions, and human cultural...

How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires

Treesearch

Richard C. Rothermel

1983-01-01

This manual documents procedures for estimating the rate of forward spread, intensity, flame length, and size of fires burning in forests and rangelands. Contains instructions for obtaining fuel and weather data, calculating fire behavior, and interpreting the results for application to actual fire problems. This is a companion publication to "

Fire regimes and approaches for determining fire history

Treesearch

James K. Agee

1996-01-01

Fire has been an important evolutionary influence in forests, affecting species composition, structure, and functional aspects of forest biology. Restoration of wildland forests of the future will depend in part on restoring fire to an appropriate role in forest ecosystems. This may include the "range of natural variability" or other concepts associated with...

Prescribed fire opportunities in grasslands invaded by Douglas-fir: state-of-the-art guidelines

Treesearch

George E. Gruell; James K. Brown; Charles L. Bushey

1986-01-01

Provides information on use of prescribed fire to enhance productivity of bunchgrass ranges that have been invaded by Douglas-fir. Six vegetative "situations" representative of treatment opportunities most commonly encountered in Montana are discussed. Included are fire prescription considerations and identification of the resource objective, fire objective,...

A method for ensemble wildland fire simulation

Treesearch

Mark A. Finney; Isaac C. Grenfell; Charles W. McHugh; Robert C. Seli; Diane Trethewey; Richard D. Stratton; Stuart Brittain

2011-01-01

An ensemble simulation system that accounts for uncertainty in long-range weather conditions and two-dimensional wildland fire spread is described. Fuel moisture is expressed based on the energy release component, a US fire danger rating index, and its variation throughout the fire season is modeled using time series analysis of historical weather data. This analysis...

Fourmile Canyon Fire Findings

Treesearch

Russell Graham; Mark Finney; Chuck McHugh; Jack Cohen; Dave Calkin; Rick Stratton; Larry Bradshaw; Ned Nikolov

2012-01-01

The Fourmile Canyon Fire burned in the fall of 2010 in the Rocky Mountain Front Range adjacent to Boulder, Colorado. The fire occurred in steep, rugged terrain, primarily on privately owned mixed ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. The fire started on September 6 when the humidity of the air was very dry (¡Ö

Advancing dendrochronological studies of fire in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harley, Grant L.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Brown, Peter M.; Falk, Donald A.; Flatley, William T.; Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Hessl, Amy; Heyerdahl, Emily K.; Kaye, Margot W.; Lafon, Charles W.; Margolis, Ellis; Maxwell, R. Stockton; Naito, Adam T.; Platt, William J.; Rother, Monica T.; Saladyga, Thomas; Sherriff, Rosemary L.; Stachowiak, Lauren A.; Stambaugh, Michael C.; Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy; Taylor, Alan H.

2018-01-01

Dendroecology is the science that dates tree rings to their exact calendar year of formation to study processes that influence forest ecology (e.g., Speer 2010, Amoroso et al., 2017). Reconstruction of past fire regimes is a core application of dendroecology, linking fire history to population dynamics and climate effects on tree growth and survivorship. Since the early 20th century when dendrochronologists recognized that tree rings retained fire scars (e.g., Figure 1), and hence a record of past fires, they have conducted studies worldwide to reconstruct the historical range and variability of fire regimes (e.g., frequency, severity, seasonality, spatial extent), the influence of fire regimes on forest structure and ecosystem dynamics, and the top-down (e.g., climate) and bottom-up (e.g., fuels, topography) drivers of fire that operate at a range of temporal and spatial scales. As in other scientific fields, continued application of dendrochronological techniques to study fires has shaped new trajectories for the science. Here we highlight some important current directions in the United States (US) and call on our international colleagues to continue the conversation with perspectives from other countries.

Empirical evidence for multi-scaled controls on wildfire size distributions in California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Povak, N.; Hessburg, P. F., Sr.; Salter, R. B.

2014-12-01

Ecological theory asserts that regional wildfire size distributions are examples of self-organized critical (SOC) systems. Controls on SOC event-size distributions by virtue are purely endogenous to the system and include the (1) frequency and pattern of ignitions, (2) distribution and size of prior fires, and (3) lagged successional patterns after fires. However, recent work has shown that the largest wildfires often result from extreme climatic events, and that patterns of vegetation and topography may help constrain local fire spread, calling into question the SOC model's simplicity. Using an atlas of >12,000 California wildfires (1950-2012) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), we fit four different power-law models and broken-stick regressions to fire-size distributions across 16 Bailey's ecoregions. Comparisons among empirical fire size distributions across ecoregions indicated that most ecoregion's fire-size distributions were significantly different, suggesting that broad-scale top-down controls differed among ecoregions. One-parameter power-law models consistently fit a middle range of fire sizes (~100 to 10000 ha) across most ecoregions, but did not fit to larger and smaller fire sizes. We fit the same four power-law models to patch size distributions of aspect, slope, and curvature topographies and found that the power-law models fit to a similar middle range of topography patch sizes. These results suggested that empirical evidence may exist for topographic controls on fire sizes. To test this, we used neutral landscape modeling techniques to determine if observed fire edges corresponded with aspect breaks more often than expected by random. We found significant differences between the empirical and neutral models for some ecoregions, particularly within the middle range of fire sizes. Our results, combined with other recent work, suggest that controls on ecoregional fire size distributions are multi-scaled and likely are not purely SOC. California wildfire ecosystems appear to be adaptive, governed by stationary and non-stationary controls, which may be either exogenous or endogenous to the system.

Changes in contaminant loading and hydro-chemical storm behavior after the Station Fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burke, M. P.; Hogue, T. S.; Barco, J.; Wessel, C. J.

2010-12-01

The 2009 Station Fire, currently noted as the largest fire in Los Angeles County history, consumed over 650 square kilometers of National Forest land in the San Gabriel Mountain Range. These mountains, located on the east side (leeward) of the Los Angeles basin, are known to have some of the highest deposition rates of atmospheric pollutants in the nation. Even pre-fire, urban-fringe basins in this mountain range serve as an upstream source of contaminants to downstream urban streams. Burned watersheds undergo significant physical and chemical changes that dramatically alter hydrologic flowpaths, erosion potential, surface soil chemistry, and pollutant delivery. Much of the degradation in water quality is attributed to the extensive soil erosion during post-fire runoff events which carry large sediment loads, mobilizing and transporting contaminants to and within downstream waters. High resolution storm samples collected from a small front range watershed provide a unique opportunity to investigate the impacts of wildfire contaminant loading in a watershed that is significantly impacted by high atmospheric deposition of urban contaminates. Data includes four events from WY 2009 (pre-fire) and WY 2010 (post-fire), along with inter-storm grab samples from each storm season. Samples were analyzed for basic anions, nutrients, trace metals, and total suspended solids. Following the fire, storms with similar precipitation patterns yielded loads up to three orders of magnitude greater than pre-fire for some toxic metals, including lead and cadmium. Dramatic increases were also observed in trace metal concentrations typically associated with particulates, while weathering solute concentrations decreased. Post fire intra-storm dynamics exhibited a shift back toward pre-fire behavior by the end of the first rainy season for most of the measured constituents. Additionally, some unexpected behaviors were observed; specifically mercury loads continued to increase throughout the first post-fire rainy season regardless of storm size.

Reduction of Fire Hazard in Materials for Irrigators and Water Collectors in Cooling Towers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smirnov, N. V.; Konstantinova, N. I., E-mail: konstantinova-n@inbox.ru; Gordon, E. P.

A way of reducing the fire hazard of PVC film used to make cooling-tower irrigators and water collectors is examined. A new generation of fire retardant, nanostructured magnesium hydroxide, is used to impart fire retardant properties. The fabrication technology is optimized with a roller-calendering manufacturing technique, and the permissible ranges of fire hazard indicators for materials in irrigators and water collectors are determined.

Spatial products available for identifying areas of likely wildfire ignitions using lightning location data-Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS)

Treesearch

Paul Sopko; Larry Bradshaw; Matt Jolly

2016-01-01

The Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS, www.wfas.net) is a one-stop-shop giving wildland fire managers the ability to assess fire potential ranging in scale from national to regional and temporally from 1 to 5 days. Each day, broad-area maps are produced from fire weather station and lightning location networks. Three products are created using 24 hour...

Reconstructing fire history of lodgepole pine on Chagoopa Plateau, Sequoia National Park, California

Treesearch

Anthony C. Caprio

2008-01-01

Information on fire’s role in pre-twentieth-century lodgepole pine forests of the southern Sierra Nevada is limited. It has generally been assumed that fire plays only a minor role in lodgepole’s dynamics unlike in other portions of its range. This assertion was examined by sampling fire-scarred trees and reconstructing fire history in monospecific stands of lodgepole...

Fire History of a Ridge and Valley Oak Forest

Treesearch

Thomas M. Schuler; W. Russ McClain

2003-01-01

The fire history of an oak stand located near Pike Knob, Pendleton County, WV is described. A 156-year fire history chronology was developed from 1846 to 2002 and fire intervals ranged from 7 to 32 years for a single forest stand. The Weibull median fire interval was 14.76 years for one or more trees scarred during a single year, and 17.11 years when at least two trees...

A Surgical Business Composite Score for Army Medicine.

PubMed

Stoddard, Douglas R; Robinson, Andrew B; Comer, Tracy A; Meno, Jenifer A; Welder, Matthew D

2016-06-01

Measuring surgical business performance for Army military treatment facilities is currently done through 6 business metrics developed by the Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) Surgical Services Service Line (3SL). Development of a composite score for business performance has the potential to simplify and synthesize measurement, improving focus for strategic goal setting and implementation. However, several considerations, ranging from data availability to submetric selection, must be addressed to ensure the score is accurate and representative. This article presents the methodology used in the composite score's creation and presents a metric based on return on investment and a measure of cases recaptured from private networks. Reprint & Copyright © 2016 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Impact of Wildfire Emissions on Chloride and Bromide Depletion in Marine Aerosol Particles.

PubMed

Braun, Rachel A; Dadashazar, Hossein; MacDonald, Alexander B; Aldhaif, Abdulamonam M; Maudlin, Lindsay C; Crosbie, Ewan; Aghdam, Mojtaba Azadi; Hossein Mardi, Ali; Sorooshian, Armin

2017-08-15

This work examines particulate chloride (Cl - ) and bromide (Br - ) depletion in marine aerosol particles influenced by wildfires at a coastal California site in the summers of 2013 and 2016. Chloride exhibited a dominant coarse mode due to sea salt influence, with substantially diminished concentrations during fire periods as compared to nonfire periods. Bromide exhibited a peak in the submicrometer range during fire and nonfire periods, with an additional supermicrometer peak in the latter periods. Chloride and Br - depletions were enhanced during fire periods as compared to nonfire periods. The highest observed %Cl - depletion occurred in the submicrometer range, with maximum values of 98.9% (0.32-0.56 μm) and 85.6% (0.56-1 μm) during fire and nonfire periods, respectively. The highest %Br - depletion occurred in the supermicrometer range during fire and nonfire periods with peak depletion between 1.8-3.2 μm (78.8% and 58.6%, respectively). When accounting for the neutralization of sulfate by ammonium, organic acid particles showed the greatest influence on Cl - depletion in the submicrometer range. These results have implications for aerosol hygroscopicity and radiative forcing in areas with wildfire influence owing to depletion effects on composition.

Sensitivity of woody carbon stocks to bark investment strategy in Neotropical savannas and forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trugman, Anna T.; Medvigy, David; Hoffmann, William A.; Pellegrini, Adam F. A.

2018-01-01

Fire frequencies are changing in Neotropical savannas and forests as a result of forest fragmentation and increasing drought. Such changes in fire regime and climate are hypothesized to destabilize tropical carbon storage, but there has been little consideration of the widespread variability in tree fire tolerance strategies. To test how aboveground carbon stocks change with fire frequency and composition of plants with different fire tolerance strategies, we update the Ecosystem Demography model 2 (ED2) with (i) a fire survivorship module based on tree bark thickness (a key fire-tolerance trait across woody plants in savannas and forests), and (ii) plant functional types representative of trees in the region. With these updates, the model is better able to predict how fire frequency affects population demography and aboveground woody carbon. Simulations illustrate that the high survival rate of thick-barked, large trees reduces carbon losses with increasing fire frequency, with high investment in bark being particularly important in reducing losses in the wettest sites. Additionally, in landscapes that frequently burn, bark investment can broaden the range of climate and fire conditions under which savannas occur by reducing the range of conditions leading to either complete tree loss or complete grass loss. These results highlight that tropical vegetation dynamics depend not only on rainfall and changing fire frequencies but also on tree fire survival strategy. Further, our results indicate that fire survival strategy is fundamentally important in regulating tree size demography in ecosystems exposed to fire, which increases the preservation of aboveground carbon stocks and the coexistence of different plant functional groups.

Future southcentral US wildfire probability due to climate change

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stambaugh, Michael C.; Guyette, Richard P.; Stroh, Esther D.; Struckhoff, Matthew A.; Whittier, Joanna B.

2018-01-01

Globally, changing fire regimes due to climate is one of the greatest threats to ecosystems and society. In this paper, we present projections of future fire probability for the southcentral USA using downscaled climate projections and the Physical Chemistry Fire Frequency Model (PC2FM). Future fire probability is projected to both increase and decrease across the study region of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Among all end-of-century projections, change in fire probabilities (CFPs) range from − 51 to + 240%. Greatest absolute increases in fire probability are shown for areas within the range of approximately 75 to 160 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP), regardless of climate model. Although fire is likely to become more frequent across the southcentral USA, spatial patterns may remain similar unless significant increases in precipitation occur, whereby more extensive areas with increased fire probability are predicted. Perhaps one of the most important results is illumination of climate changes where fire probability response (+, −) may deviate (i.e., tipping points). Fire regimes of southcentral US ecosystems occur in a geographic transition zone from reactant- to reaction-limited conditions, potentially making them uniquely responsive to different scenarios of temperature and precipitation changes. Identification and description of these conditions may help anticipate fire regime changes that will affect human health, agriculture, species conservation, and nutrient and water cycling.

Mitigating Large Fires in Drossel-Schwabl Forest Fire Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoder, M.; Turcotte, D.; Rundle, J.; Morein, G.

2008-12-01

We employ variations of the traditional Drossel-Schwabl cellular automata Forest Fire Models (FFM) to study wildfire dynamics. The traditional FFM produces a very robust power law distribution of events, as a function of size, with frequency-size slope very close to -1. Observed data from Australia, the US and northern Mexico suggest that real wild fires closely follow power laws in frequency size with slopes ranging from close to -2 to -1.3 (B.D. Malamud et al. 2005). We suggest two models that, by fracturing and trimming large clusters, reduce the number of large fires while maintaining scale invariance. These fracturing and trimming processes can be justified in terms of real physical processes. For each model, we achieve slopes in the frequency-size relation ranging from approximately -1.77 to -1.06.

Economic Impact of Fire Weather Forecasts

Treesearch

Don Gunasekera; Graham Mills; Mark Williams

2006-01-01

Southeastern Australia, where the State of Victoria is located is regarded as one of the most fire prone areas in the world. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology provides fire weather services in Victoria as part of a national framework for the provision of such services. These services range from fire weather warnings to special forecasts for hazard reduction burns....

Pre-fire treatments have persistent effects on post-fire plant communities

Treesearch

Kristen L. Shive

2012-01-01

Wildfires characterized by large areas of high severity are increasingly occurring in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests of the Southwest to extents that are out of the natural range of variability. Managers are now routinely applying thinning and/or burning treatments to reduce fire severity. To investigate the effects of pre-fire treatments...

Forest fire and climate change in western North America: insights from sediment charcoal records.

Treesearch

Daniel G Gavin; Douglas J Hallett; Feng Sheng Hu; Kenneth P Lertzman; Susan J Prichard; Kendrick J Brown; Jason A Lynch; Patrick Bartlein; David L. Peterson

2007-01-01

Millennial-scale records of forest fire provide important baseline information for ecosystem management, especially in regions with too few recent fires to describe the historical range of variability. Charcoal records from lake sediments and soil profiles are well suited for reconstructing the incidence of past fire and its relationship to changing climate and...

Closing the wildland fire heat budget - measurements in the field at intermediate and operational scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dickinson, M.; Kremens, R.; Bova, A. S.

2012-12-01

Closing the wildland fire heat budget involves characterizing the heat source and energy dissipation across the range of variability in fuels and fire behavior. Meeting this challenge will lay the foundation for predicting direct ecological effects of fires and fire-atmosphere coupling. Here, we focus on the relationships between the fire radiation field, as measured from the zenith, fuel consumption, and the behavior of spreading flame fronts. Experiments were conducted in 8 m x 8 m outdoor plots using pre-conditioned wildland fuels characteristic of mixed-oak forests of the eastern United States. Using dual-band radiometers with a field of view of about 18.5 m^2 at a height of 4.2 m, we found a near-linear increase in fire radiative energy density (FRED) over a range of fuel consumption between 0.15 kg m^-2 to 3.25 kg m^-2. Using an integrated heat budget, we estimate that the fraction of total theoretical combustion energy density radiated from the plot averaged 0.17, the fraction of latent energy transported in the plume averaged 0.08, and the fraction accounted for by the combination of fire convective energy transport and soil heating averaged 0.72. Future work will require, at minimum, instantaneous and time-integrated estimates of energy transported by radiation, convection, and soil heating across a range of fuels. We introduce the Rx-CADRE project through which such measurements are being made.

Army Hearing Program Talking Points Calendar Year 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-14

outside the range of normal hearing sensitivity (greater than 25 dB), CY15 data.  Data: DOEHRS-HC Data Repository , Soldiers who had a DD2215 or...1.  Data: Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System-Hearing Conservation (DOEHRS-HC) Data Repository , CY15—Army Profile...Soldiers have a hearing loss that required a fit-for-duty (Readiness) evaluation:  An H-3 Hearing Profile.  Data: DOEHRS-HC Data Repository

When to Perform Antenna Measurements in a Near-Field Range or a Short Tapered Chamber

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

study was undertaken to quantify and compare electromagnetic device (i.e., antenna) measurements using the US Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s) near...results for future antennas under test in the most cost-effective manner (man-hours, custom mount, etc.) 15. SUBJECT TERMS electromagnetic , chamber...study was undertaken to quantify and compare electromagnetic (EM) device (i.e., antenna) measurements using the US Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL

Improving the Selection, Classification, and Utilization of Army Enlisted Personnel: Final Report on Project A

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

being used in both current and long-range research programs that are expected to make the Army more effective in matching the requirements for first- and... make substantial improvements to the existing selection and classifi- cation system. xi IMPROVING THE SELECTION, CLASSIFICATION, AND UTILIZATION OF...basis for new methods of allocating personnel, and making near-real-time decisions on the best match between characteristics of an individual enlistee

Potential Environmental Impacts of Army Laser Operations: An Overview

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

Cecilia Doughty for her professional and timely editorial assistance and to Lisa North for her exemplary...8217"- •- .. ... . . ... .. ........ .. ....... .. . ... ° • ... .. ... .., ... . . .. ... .. .. ... .......... ... .. ... ..,. j .. ... .. . .. ... ... f ... ... ..... . ........ . .,C ... , SI,,I POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ARMY LASER OPERATIONS AN OVERVIEW 1. INTRO...Sciences Laboratory, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 88002. 10 -~~ - Iz2 L 0 *U 4 v *; LL -00 cc . J 0~ Li FI. !:aa al Go 1 I U.U ofc W u o -

Lead particle size and its association with firing conditions and range maintenance: implications for treatment.

PubMed

Dermatas, Dimitris; Chrysochoou, Maria

2007-08-01

Six firing range soils were analyzed, representing different environments, firing conditions, and maintenance practices. The particle size distribution and lead (Pb) concentration in each soil fraction were determined for samples obtained from the backstop berms. The main factors that were found to influence Pb fragment size were the type of soil used to construct the berms and the type of weapon fired. The firing of high velocity weapons, i.e., rifles, onto highly angular soils induced significant fragmentation of the bullets and/or pulverization of the soil itself. This resulted in the accumulation of Pb in the finer soil fractions and the spread of Pb contamination beyond the vicinity of the backstop berm. Conversely, the use of clay as backstop and the use of low velocity pistols proved to be favorable for soil clean-up and range maintenance, since Pb was mainly present as large metallic fragments that can be recovered by a simple screening process. Other factors that played important roles in Pb particle size distribution were soil chemistry, firing distance, and maintenance practices, such as the use of water spray for dust suppression and deflectors prior to impact. Overall, coarse Pb particles provide much easier and more cost-effective maintenance, soil clean-up, and remediation via physical separation. Fine Pb particles release Pb more easily, pose an airborne Pb hazard, and require the application of stabilization/solidification treatment methods. Thus, to ensure sustainable firing range operations by means of cost-effective design, maintenance, and clean-up, especially when high velocity weapons are used, the above mentioned factors should be carefully considered.

33 CFR 334.380 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay off Dam Neck, Virginia; naval firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Combat Center. After darkness, night vision systems will be utilized by lookouts to aid in locating vessels transiting the area. (5) There shall be no firing on any ranges during the periods of low...

33 CFR 334.380 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay off Dam Neck, Virginia; naval firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Combat Center. After darkness, night vision systems will be utilized by lookouts to aid in locating vessels transiting the area. (5) There shall be no firing on any ranges during the periods of low...

33 CFR 334.380 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay off Dam Neck, Virginia; naval firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Combat Center. After darkness, night vision systems will be utilized by lookouts to aid in locating vessels transiting the area. (5) There shall be no firing on any ranges during the periods of low...

33 CFR 334.380 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay off Dam Neck, Virginia; naval firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Combat Center. After darkness, night vision systems will be utilized by lookouts to aid in locating vessels transiting the area. (5) There shall be no firing on any ranges during the periods of low...

33 CFR 334.380 - Atlantic Ocean south of entrance to Chesapeake Bay off Dam Neck, Virginia; naval firing range.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Combat Center. After darkness, night vision systems will be utilized by lookouts to aid in locating vessels transiting the area. (5) There shall be no firing on any ranges during the periods of low...

Relationships among charcoal particles from modern lacustrine sediments and remotely sensed fire events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López-Pérez, M.; Correa-Metrio, A.

2013-05-01

Analysis of charcoal particles from lacustrine sediments is a useful tool to understand fire regimes through time, and their relationships with climate and vegetation. However, the extent of the relationship between charcoal particles and their origin in terms of the spatial and temporal extent of the fire events is poorly known in the tropics. Modern sediments were collected from lakes in the Yucatan Peninsula and Central Mexico, 51 and 22 lakes respectively, to analyze their charcoal concentration and its relationships with modern fire events. Number of modern fire events was derived from the public source Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) for concentric spatial rings that ranged from 1 to 30 km of radius. The association between charcoal and fires was evaluated through the construction of linear models to explain charcoal concentration as a function of the number of fires recorded. Additionally, charcoal particles were stratified according to size to determine the association between fire distance and charcoal size classes. The relationship between total charcoal concentration and fire events was stronger for central Mexico than for the Yucatan Peninsula, which is probably the result of differences in vegetation cover. The highest determination coefficients were obtained for charcoal particle sizes ranging between 0.2 and 0.8 mm2, and for fire event distances of between 0 and 15 km from the lake. Overall, the analyses presented here offer useful tools to quantitatively and spatially reconstruct past regional fire dynamics in Central Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula.

The Oakland-Berkeley Hills fire of 1991

Treesearch

P. Lamont Ewell

1995-01-01

Sunday, October 20, 1991, will be remembered as the date of America’s most costly urban-wildland fire (FEMA 1992) and one of the worst fires involving loss of life and property since the Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906 (OFD 1992). The magnitude and range of what is simply referred to as the “Tunnel Fire” is far beyond the experience of any living...

Understory response to varying fire frequencies after 20 years of prescribed burning in an upland oak forest

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burton, J.A.; Hallgren, S.W.; Fuhlendorf, S.D.; Leslie, David M.

2011-01-01

Ecosystems in the eastern United States that were shaped by fire over thousands of years of anthropogenic burning recently have been subjected to fire suppression resulting in significant changes in vegetation composition and structure and encroachment by invasive species. Renewed interest in use of fire to manage such ecosystems will require knowledge of effects of fire regime on vegetation. We studied the effects of one aspect of the fire regime, fire frequency, on biomass, cover and diversity of understory vegetation in upland oak forests prescribe-burned for 20 years at different frequencies ranging from zero to five fires per decade. Overstory canopy closure ranged from 88 to 96% and was not affected by fire frequency indicating high tolerance of large trees for even the most frequent burning. Understory species richness and cover was dominated by woody reproduction followed in descending order by forbs, C3 graminoids, C4 grasses, and legumes. Woody plant understory cover did not change with fire frequency and increased 30% from one to three years after a burn. Both forbs and C3 graminoids showed a linear increase in species richness and cover as fire frequency increased. In contrast, C4 grasses and legumes did not show a response to fire frequency. The reduction of litter by fire may have encouraged regeneration of herbaceous plants and helped explain the positive response of forbs and C3 graminoids to increasing fire frequency. Our results showed that herbaceous biomass, cover, and diversity can be managed with long-term prescribed fire under the closed canopy of upland oak forests. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

75 FR 39273 - Notice of Realty Action: Proposed Direct Sale of Public Land, Chaves County, NM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... proposed for direct sale to the Roswell Gun Club at no less than the appraised fair market value (FMV) to... property is currently owned by the New Mexico Military Institute and the Roswell Gun Club. The unauthorized... Roswell Gun Club, firing ranges, sightings-in range, small arms firing range, and various earthen berms...

Shooting Performance as a Function of Shooters’ Anthropometrics, Weapon Design Attributes, Firing Position, Range, and Sex

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the... data , weapon design data , firing posture, range and sex. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Soldier shooting performance, anthropometrics, weapon design, range, sex...Conditions and Test Matrix ......................................................................9 7. Data Analysis 9 7.1 Data Stratification

Landscape variation in tree regeneration and snag fall drive fuel loads in 24-year old post-fire lodgepole pine forests.

PubMed

Nelson, Kellen N; Turner, Monica G; Romme, William H; Tinker, Daniel B

2016-12-01

Escalating wildfire in subalpine forests with stand-replacing fire regimes is increasing the extent of early-seral forests throughout the western USA. Post-fire succession generates the fuel for future fires, but little is known about fuel loads and their variability in young post-fire stands. We sampled fuel profiles in 24-year-old post-fire lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands (n = 82) that regenerated from the 1988 Yellowstone Fires to answer three questions. (1) How do canopy and surface fuel loads vary within and among young lodgepole pine stands? (2) How do canopy and surface fuels vary with pre- and post-fire lodgepole pine stand structure and environmental conditions? (3) How have surface fuels changed between eight and 24 years post-fire? Fuel complexes varied tremendously across the landscape despite having regenerated from the same fires. Available canopy fuel loads and canopy bulk density averaged 8.5 Mg/ha (range 0.0-46.6) and 0.24 kg/m 3 (range: 0.0-2.3), respectively, meeting or exceeding levels in mature lodgepole pine forests. Total surface-fuel loads averaged 123 Mg/ha (range: 43-207), and 88% was in the 1,000-h fuel class. Litter, 1-h, and 10-h surface fuel loads were lower than reported for mature lodgepole pine forests, and 1,000-h fuel loads were similar or greater. Among-plot variation was greater in canopy fuels than surface fuels, and within-plot variation was greater than among-plot variation for nearly all fuels. Post-fire lodgepole pine density was the strongest positive predictor of canopy and fine surface fuel loads. Pre-fire successional stage was the best predictor of 100-h and 1,000-h fuel loads in the post-fire stands and strongly influenced the size and proportion of sound logs (greater when late successional stands had burned) and rotten logs (greater when early successional stands had burned). Our data suggest that 76% of the young post-fire lodgepole pine forests have 1,000-h fuel loads that exceed levels associated with high-severity surface fire potential, and 63% exceed levels associated with active crown fire potential. Fire rotations in Yellowstone National Park are predicted to shorten to a few decades and this prediction cannot be ruled out by a lack of fuels to carry repeated fires. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

KSC-04pd1656

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-08-05

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the ribbon cutting for the Enhanced Firing Range on Schwartz Rd. at Kennedy Space Center, Center Director Jim Kennedy practices firing on the new range. NASA’s Federal Law Enforcement Training Academy’s firing range has been upgraded to include a “rifle-grade” shoot house, a portable, tactical “shoot-back” trailer for cover and concealment drills, automated running targets and a new classroom facility. They are added to the existing three firearms ranges, “pistol-grade” shoot house, obstacle course and rappel tower. NASA’s Security Management and Safeguards Office funded the enhancements in order to improve ability to train the KSC security force and to support local, state and federal law enforcement agencies in Homeland Security.

A Summary of the Scientific Literature on the Effects of Fire on the Concentration of Nutrients in Surface Waters

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

forests, alpine forests, and so forth); (2) had a range of sampling frequency and dura- tion, such as during and immediately following a fire (from the...1) were done in a variety of environments (savannas, grass- lands, temperate forests, alpine forests, and so forth), (2) had a range of sampling...of Nutrients in Surface Waters Gresswell, R.E., 1999, Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of North America: Transactions of the American

A Study of Transport Airplane Crash-Resistant Fuel Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Lisa (Technical Monitor); Robertson, S. H.; Johnson, N. B.; Hall, D. S.; Rimson, I. J.

2002-01-01

This report presents the results of a study, funded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), of transport airplane crash-resistant fuel system (CRFS). The report covers the historical studies related to aircraft crash fires and fuel containment concepts undertaken by the FAA, NASA, and the U.S. Army, which ultimately led to the current state of the art in CRFS technology. It describes the basic research, testing, field investigations and production efforts which have led to the highly successful military CRFS, which has saved many lives and reduced costs of accidents. Current CRFS technology used in transport category airplanes is defined and compared to the available state-of-the-art technology. The report provides information to the FAA and other government organizations which can help them plan their efforts to improve the state of crash fire protection in the transport airplane fleet. The report provides guidance to designers looking for information about CRFS design problems, analysis tools to use for product improvement, and a summary of current and proposed regulations for transport category airplane fuel systems.

Helmet-mounted acoustic array for hostile fire detection and localization in an urban environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scanlon, Michael V.

2008-04-01

The detection and localization of hostile weapons firing has been demonstrated successfully with acoustic sensor arrays on unattended ground sensors (UGS), ground-vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Some of the more mature systems have demonstrated significant capabilities and provide direct support to ongoing counter-sniper operations. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is conducting research and development for a helmet-mounted system to acoustically detect and localize small arms firing, or other events such as RPG, mortars, and explosions, as well as other non-transient signatures. Since today's soldier is quickly being asked to take on more and more reconnaissance, surveillance, & target acquisition (RSTA) functions, sensor augmentation enables him to become a mobile and networked sensor node on the complex and dynamic battlefield. Having a body-worn threat detection and localization capability for events that pose an immediate danger to the soldiers around him can significantly enhance their survivability and lethality, as well as enable him to provide and use situational awareness clues on the networked battlefield. This paper addresses some of the difficulties encountered by an acoustic system in an urban environment. Complex reverberation, multipath, diffraction, and signature masking by building structures makes this a very harsh environment for robust detection and classification of shockwaves and muzzle blasts. Multifunctional acoustic detection arrays can provide persistent surveillance and enhanced situational awareness for every soldier.

[Hospital under fire--take home message from one war].

PubMed

Shasha, Shaul M

2010-07-01

Future conflicts in our region will no longer be limited to clashes between opposing armies. Unlike past wars, which by and large did not target places of worship and hospitals, such structures will not be immune from attack in the "total wars" of the future, nor will the civilian population be spared. Hospitals may be hit by enemy fire and must, therefore, be ready to work under adverse conditions and emergency situations. This article describes the accumulated experience of our hospital as a confrontation Line medical facility for over 30 years, sustaining direct hits with injuries to people and damage to buildings. Lessons from those confrontations, particularly the second Lebanon war, are discussed and recommendations to other hospitals formulated, essentially highlighting the following: The need to protect the hospital's physical structures in order to guarantee the safety of patients, staff and visitors in the event of conventionaL or non-conventional war. The provision of protected transportation for the staff and in-hospitaL day-camps and dormitories for their children in order to bolster the presence of the staff on board and enable them to work unperturbed. Preparation of the hospital for work under fire, drafting emergency procedures that are custom-tailored to the needs of the hospital, particularly the evacuation of patients from vulnerable wards to protected areas, and drilling the entire staff regularly and methodically.

Evaluation of silvicultural treatments and biomass use for reducing fire hazard in western states

Treesearch

Kenneth E. Skog; R. James Barbour; Karen L. Abt; E.M. (Ted) Bilek; Frank Burch; Roger D. Fight; Robert J. Hugget; Patrick D. Miles; Elizabeth D. Reinhardt; Wayne D. Shepperd

2006-01-01

Several analyses have shown that fire hazard is a concern for substantial areas of forestland, shrubland, grassland, and range in the western United States. In response, broadscale management strategies, such as the National Fire Plan, established actions to reduce the threat of undesirable fire. Available budgets are insufficient to pay for vegetative management on...

Planning for prescribed burning in the inland northwest.

Treesearch

Robert E. Martin; John D. Dell

1978-01-01

Fire has historically played a role in forests and ranges of the inland Northwest. This guide has been prepared to help managers understand the role of fire and the potential uses of fire and to plan for fire use in managing these lands. Sections deal with these topics, and steps in planning a prescribed burn are outlined. A sample burning situation illustrates the...

Historic fire regimes of eastern Great Basin (USA) mountains reconstructed from tree rings

Treesearch

Stanley G. Kitchen

2010-01-01

Management of natural landscapes requires knowledge of key disturbance processes and their effects. Fire and forest histories provide valuable insight into how fire and vegetation varied and interacted in the past. I constructed multi-century fire chronologies for 10 sites on six mountain ranges representative of the eastern Great Basin (USA), a region in which...

Range Reference Notebook

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-15

EM 61 and a Schonstedt Magnetometer . The magnetometer was used to screen locations for stakes and other intrusive activities. Digital geophysics was...patterns from direct-fire weapons, such as anti-tank rockets, are expected to form ellipses that are highly elongated parallel to the line of fire...Trajectory of Indirect Fire Weapons Historically, precision development progressed more slowly for indirect-fire weapons because hitting an unseen target

Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the Conterminous United States and Alaska, 2001-08

Treesearch

Kevin M. Potter

2012-01-01

Wildland fire represents an important ecological mechanism in many forest ecosystems. It shapes the distributions of species, maintains the structure and function of fire-prone communities, and is a significant evolutionary force (Bond and Keeley 2005). At the same time, fire outside the historic range of frequency and intensity can have extensive economic and...

Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2009

Treesearch

Kevin M. Potter

2013-01-01

Wildland fire represents an important ecological mechanism in many forest ecosystems. It shapes the distributions of species, maintains the structure and function of fire-prone communities, and is a significant evolutionary force (Bond and Keeley 2005). At the same time, fire outside the historic range of frequency and intensity can have extensive economic and...

Effects of a prescribed fire on oak woodland stand structure

Treesearch

Danny L. Fry

2002-01-01

Fire damage and tree characteristics of mixed deciduous oak woodlands were recorded after a prescription burn in the summer of 1999 on Mt. Hamilton Range, Santa Clara County, California. Trees were tagged and monitored to determine the effects of fire intensity on damage, recovery and survivorship. Fire-caused mortality was low; 2-year post-burn survey indicates that...

Spatially and temporally variable fire regime on Rincon Peak, Arizona, USA

Treesearch

Jose M. Iniguez; Thomas W. Swetnam; Christopher H. Baisa

2009-01-01

Spatial and temporal patterns of fire history are affected by factors such as topography, vegetation, and climate. It is unclear, however, how these factors influenced fire history patterns in small isolated forests, such as that found on Rincon Peak, a "sky island" mountain range in southern Arizona, USA. We reconstructed the fire history of Rincon Peak to...