Sample records for arsphenamine
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19 CFR 12.21 - Licensed establishments.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Viruses, Serums, Toxins, Antitoxins, and Analogous Products for the... exchange, of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product, or arsphenamine or its... cure of diseases or injuries of man is prohibited unless such virus, serum, toxin, antitoxin, or other...
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19 CFR 12.21 - Licensed establishments.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Viruses, Serums, Toxins, Antitoxins, and Analogous Products for the... exchange, of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product, or arsphenamine or its... cure of diseases or injuries of man is prohibited unless such virus, serum, toxin, antitoxin, or other...
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19 CFR 12.21 - Licensed establishments.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... TREASURY SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Viruses, Serums, Toxins, Antitoxins, and Analogous Products for the... exchange, of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product, or arsphenamine or its... cure of diseases or injuries of man is prohibited unless such virus, serum, toxin, antitoxin, or other...
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EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE "CURE" OF SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT WITH ARSPHENAMINE
Chesney, Alan M.; Kemp, Jarold E.
1924-01-01
1. The intravenous administration of six doses of arsphenamine to syphilitic rabbits in amounts of 10 mg. per kilo, 127 days after inoculation is sufficient to render the popliteal nodes of such animals incapable of transmitting the infection to normal animals. 2. Syphilitic rabbits that have been treated in this manner and whose popliteal nodes 32 to 38 days after treatment have been shown to be incapable of transmitting the infection to normal animals are, as far as can be judged by the absence of a local lesion, refractory to a second inoculation of active virus of the same strain, if the inoculation be made intradermally at the base of the ear and carried out 209 days after the first inoculation. 3. Untreated syphilitic rabbits are also refractory toward a second inoculation made in a similar manner and at a similar interval following the first inoculation. 4. Evidence is offered in favor of the view that the most satisfactory method of evaluation of antisyphilitic agents in experimental syphilis of the rabbit is that of lymph node transfer. 5. Evidence is offered in support of the view that the state of refractoriness toward a second inoculation exhibited by syphilitic rabbits may be explainable upon the basis of either an acquired immunity or persistence of a focus of living treponemata in the body. PMID:19868865
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[History of cancer and chemotherapy before chemotherapy].
Bonnichon, Philippe; Berger, J P; Bonni, N; Fontaine, M; Pion-Graff, J
2014-01-01
Chemotherapy stands today for cancer. In 1909, Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) advocates the use of arsphenamine by infusion. So, he is considered as the father of chemotherapy. In fact, the first to have thought through chemotherapy was Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723). In 1676, ideas and experiments on animals had sufficiently progressed to allow Michel Ettmuller (1644-1683) to publish the first edition of his book and several others were printed until 1753. In this book, he describes the first intravenous treatment, it sets the first indications, dosages and different products which can be used. However this method has been forgotten until the late 19th century.
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Pioneers in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.
Gupta, Neha; Rodrigues, Camilla; Soman, Rajeev
2015-09-01
"If we are not careful, we soon will be in the post-antibiotic era, and for some patients and some microbes we are already there"- Tom Friedan Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century. The era of antibacterial chemotherapy began in 1907 with the discovery of arsphenamine, first synthesized by Alferd Bertheim and Paul Ehrlich in 1907, used to treat syphilis. The first systemically active antibiotic, Prontosil was discovered in 1933 by Gerhard Domagk, for which he was awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize. Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 marked the start of modern antibiotics. It was a discovery that changed the course of history and saved millions of lives. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.
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Sekhon, B. S.
2013-01-01
The six elements commonly known as metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Metalloid containing compounds have been used as antiprotozoal drugs. Boron-based drugs, the benzoxaboroles have been exploited as potential treatments for neglected tropical diseases. Arsenic has been used as a medicinal agent and arsphenamine was the main drug used to treat syphilis. Arsenic trioxide has been approved for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Pentavalent antimonials have been the recommended drug for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Tellurium (IV) compounds may have important roles in thiol redox biological activity in the human body, and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O, O’-)tellurate (AS101) may be a promising agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Organosilicon compounds have been shown to be effective in vitro multidrug-resistance reverting agents. PMID:24019824
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Neurosyphilis, or chronic heavy metal poisoning: Karen Blixen's lifelong disease.
Weismann, K
1995-01-01
Since the 1490s, the treatment of syphilis has consisted of heavy metals--first mercurial and later arsenic and bismuth preparations. Tabes dorsalis, as described by Duchenne in the 1850s, is made up of various characteristic neurologic symptoms. "Gastric crises," sudden stabbing pains followed by vomiting and diarrhea, was originally included by Duchenne, but later, syphilologists disputed its relevance to syphilis. Poisoning by heavy metals, including mercury, may produce similar pain reactions and tabes-like neurologic symptoms. According to an earlier published pathography, the Danish author Karen Blixen (1885-1962), also known under the pseudonym Isak Dinesen, suffered from a lifelong disease described as tabes dorsalis. She got syphilis in 1914 and took mercury pills for a year, after which she experienced a severe mercurial intoxication. The Wassermann reaction (WR) in peripheral blood was positive only once, in 1915, before treatment with arsphenamine (Salvarsan), which she received during hospitalization in Copenhagen in 1915 to 1916. Her spinal fluid was examined several times from 1915 to 1956. Apart from an increased number of cells in 1915, the fluid remained unremarkable and the WR was always negative. It was postulated that her illness, ending with a cachectic state, was the result of heavy metal poisoning from the various treatments and not a monosymptomatic tabes dorsalis with negative serology.
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López-Muñoz, F; García-García, P; Alamo, C
2009-02-01
Before the National Socialist party came to power, the German pharmaceutical industry constituted an international reference as far as the development of new medicines was concerned, having been responsible for synthetic analgesics (phenacetin, phenazones, acetylsalicylic acid), arsphenamine, barbiturates and sulfonamides. The year 1925 saw the founding of I.G. Farben (Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG), a conglomerate of companies that would monopolize the country's chemical production and come to own all its major pharmaceutical industries. During the World War II, I.G. Farben participated in numerous operations associated with the criminal activities of the Nazi executive, including the use of slave labour in plants built close to concentration camps, such as that at Auschwitz. With regard to medical and pharmacological research projects, I.G. Farben became involved in experimental programmes using patients from the Nazi regime's euthanasia programmes and healthy subjects recruited without their consent from concentration camps, on whom various pharmacological substances were tested, including sulfamide and arsenical derivatives and other preparations whose composition is not precisely known (B-1012, B-1034, 3382 or Rutenol, 3582 or Acridine), generally in relation to the treatment of infectious diseases, such as typhus, erysipelas, scarlet fever or paratyphoid diarrhoea. Furthermore, I.G. Farben played a decisive role in the German army's chemical warfare programme, contributing to the development of the first two neurotoxic substances, later known as 'nerve agents', tabun and sarin. Some of these activities came to light as a result of the one the famous Nuremberg Trials in 1947, which saw 24 executives and scientists from I.G. Farben brought to justice for, among other offences, the use of slave labour in the concentration camps and forced experimentation with drugs on prisoners.
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Lüders, C J; Riske, W E; Henning, H; Vogel, H M
1975-01-01
In the case of 36 female patients who were anamnestically known to have taken laxatives, semiquantitative histological investigations with laparoscopically obtained liver needle biopsies were effected after the exposition with preparations containing phenolisatine. The time gap until exposition was 12 to 24 h (16 cases), 48 h (8 cases), 72 to 96 h (4 cases) and 7 to 14 days (4 cases). The histological result after the exposition is an acute cholangiolitis of the allergic-hyperergic type with edema and a dense eosinophile infiltration of the portal fields with destruction of the epithelium of preformed bile ducts and portally proliferated ductles. In addition, the parenchyma of the liver shows a pleomorphism of the cells in form and colour with a cellular edema and with disseminated acidophilic necroses and necrobioses of the individual cells as well as with little reactive proliferation of the Kupffer's cell. After a period of 8 days the acute process has more or less subsided. Also, in the majority of cases there are histological signs of an aggressive chronic hepatitis of type IIa, partially in the active stage with piece-meal necroses and partially stabilized or in the process of healing. A transition to the picture of hepatitic cirrhosis is possible. In serious cases the picture of a chronic non-purulent destructive cholangitis can be simulated by the hepatocellular and canalicular damage. Thirty-one bioptic pre-examinations from the same results, whereby the acute cholangiolitical exacerbation can be attributed to an exposition of the patients themselves. The clinical picture of the phenolisatine damage in its entirety is induced by medication and is described as a recurrent chronic cholangiohepatitis. Similarities exist between the liver damages caused by chlorpromazine and arsphenamine. When medication is discontinued, the morphologic substrate recedes leaving behind an inactive fibrosis or cirrhosis. The formal and known causal pathogenetic connections are discussed with regard to this clinically important liver disease. Guidelines are then given for histological diagnosis of this damage caused by medication. 14% of the female patients with a histological picture of aggressive chronic hepatitis and hepatitic cirrhosis are affected by this type of liver damage.