ATWS analysis for Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant Unit 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dallman, R.J.; Jouse, W.C.

1985-01-01

Analyses of postulated Anticipated Transients Without Scram (ATWS) were performed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant Unit 1 (BFNP1) was selected as the subject of this work because of the cooperation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The work is part of the Severe Accident Sequence Analysis (SASA) Program of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). A Main Steamline Isolation Valve (MSIV) closure served as the transient initiator for these analyses, which proceeded a complete failure to scram. Results from the analyses indicate that operator mitigative actions are required to prevent overpressurization of themore » primary containment. Uncertainties remain concerning the effectiveness of key mitigative actions. The effectiveness of level control as a power reduction procedure is limited. Power level resulting from level control only reduce the Pressure Suppression Pool (PSP) heatup rate from 6 to 4F/min.« less

BWR Anticipated Transients Without Scram Leading to Instability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng L. Y.; Baek J.; Cuadra, A.

2013-11-10

Anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) in aboiling water reactor (BWR) were simulated in order to understand reactor response and determine the effectiveness of automatic and operator actions to mitigate this beyond-design-basis accident. The events of interest herein are initiated by a turbine trip when the reactor is operating in the expanded operating domainMELLLA+ [maximum extended load line limit plus]. In these events the reactor may initially be at up to 120% of the original licensed thermal power (OLTP) and at flow rates as low as 80% of rated.For these (and similar) ATWS events the concern isthat when the reactor powermore » decreases in response to a dual recirculation pump trip, the core will become unstable and large amplitude oscillations will begin. The occurrence of these power oscillations, if left unmitigated, may result in fuel damage, and the amplitude of the poweroscillations may hamper the effectiveness of the injection of dissolved neutron absorber through the standby liquid control system (SLCS).« less

ATWS at Browns Ferry Unit One - accident sequence analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, R.M.; Hodge, S.A.

1984-07-01

This study describes the predicted response of Unit One at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant to a postulated complete failure to scram following a transient occurrence that has caused closure of all Main Steam Isolation Valves (MSIVs). This hypothetical event constitutes the most severe example of the type of accident classified as Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS). Without the automatic control rod insertion provided by scram, the void coefficient of reactivity and the mechanisms by which voids are formed in the moderator/coolant play a dominant role in the progression of the accident. Actions taken by the operator greatly influence themore » quantity of voids in the coolant and the effect is analyzed in this report. The progression of the accident sequence under existing and under recommended procedures is discussed. For the extremely unlikely cases in which equipment failure and wrongful operator actions might lead to severe core damage, the sequence of emergency action levels and the associated timing of events are presented.« less

Selected Personality Variables of Students in Single-Sex and Coeducational Residence Halls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Donna; And Others

Selected personality variables of college students who reside under different living arrangements were studied to determine the effect of student's type of housing, gender, and enrollment classification. A sample of students living in residential halls at Maryville College were administered the Attitude Toward Women Scale (ATWS), the Bem Sex Role…

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

High rate DC-reactive sputter deposition of Y 2O 3 film on the textured metal substrate for the superconducting coated conductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Ho-Sup; Park, Chan; Ko, Rock-Kil; Shi, Dongqui; Chung, Jun-Ki; Ha, Hong-Soo; Park, Yu-Mi; Song, Kyu-Jeong; Youm, Do-Jun

2005-10-01

Y2O3 film was directly deposited on Ni-3at%W substrate by DC reactive sputtering. DC reactive sputtering was carried out using metallic Y target and water vapor for oxidizing the elements of metallic target on the substrate. The detailed conditions of DC reactive sputtering for depositions of Y2O3 films were investigated. The window of water vapor for proper growth of Y2O3 films was determined by sufficient oxidations of the Y2O3 films and the non-oxidation of the target surface, which was required for high rate sputtering. The window turned out to be fairly wide in the chamber used. As the sputtering power was raised, the deposition rate increased without narrowing the window. The fabricated Y2O3 films showed good texture qualities and surface morphologies. The YBCO film deposited directly on the Y2O3 buffered Ni-3at%W substrate showed Tc, Ic (77 K, self field), and Jc (77 K, self field) of 89 K, 64 A/cm and 1.1 MA/cm2, respectively.

Transmutation of Isotopes --- Ecological and Energy Production Aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gudowski, Waclaw

2000-01-01

This paper describes principles of Accelerator-Driven Transmutation of Nuclear Wastes (ATW) and gives some flavour of the most important topics which are today under investigations in many countries. An assessment of the potential impact of ATW on a future of nuclear energy is also given. Nuclear reactors based on self-sustained fission reactions --- after spectacular development in fifties and sixties, that resulted in deployment of over 400 power reactors --- are wrestling today more with public acceptance than with irresolvable technological problems. In a whole spectrum of reasons which resulted in today's opposition against nuclear power few of them are very relevant for the nuclear physics community and they arose from the fact that development of nuclear power had been handed over to the nuclear engineers and technicians with some generically unresolved problems, which should have been solved properly by nuclear scientists. In a certain degree of simplification one can say, that most of the problems originate from very specific features of a fission phenomenon: self-sustained chain reaction in fissile materials and very strong radioactivity of fission products and very long half-life of some of the fission and activation products. And just this enormous concentration of radioactive fission products in the reactor core is the main problem of managing nuclear reactors: it requires unconditional guarantee for the reactor core integrity in order to avoid radioactive contamination of the environment; it creates problems to handle decay heat in the reactor core and finally it makes handling and/or disposal of spent fuel almost a philosophical issue, due to unimaginable long time scales of radioactive decay of some isotopes. A lot can be done to improve the design of conventional nuclear reactors (like Light Water Reactors); new, better reactors can be designed but it seems today very improbable to expect any radical change in the public perception of conventional nuclear power. In this context a lot of hopes and expectations have been expressed for novel systems called Accelerator-Driven Systems, Accelerator-Driven Transmutation of Waste or just Hybrid Reactors. All these names are used for description of the same nuclear system combining a powerful particle accelerator with a subcritical reactor. A careful analysis of possible environmental impact of ATW together with limitation of this technology is presented also in this paper.

Review of Peer Evaluation Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-10-01

leadership evaluations compared with forced distribution ratings. It neems that when an evaluator is faced with the task of evaluat- ing several...Or of Sal, Pt itugaltues, AIIM, A71SI1-CT-0 I USAIN SWgne Oil , 111 Gerdu, Al-M: AYIIOA I USA InlifieOe Car 1118, Pt HMuahoss, ATW4, 045450 I USA...ATTN: it Mof coleses.l5~ecWttI C44100a 4 Oil Poerch, Armyv No, flemel Ofo., CenlserreI 1100411tic 4dm,, Mil Eld, Amin Hal, Nussel Ofet, Cmuer& I Metol

Compendium of CARDEROCKDIV Articles Published in Navy Domestic Technology Transfer Fact Sheet, January 1990 through December 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

longer in the Gulf of Mexico and the patrol, in such areas as th(. Florida Straits have learned what Yucatan Peninsula and from naval Ii means to look down...same performed on conventional deep - containing shallow cracks aW/W < J value have markedly different crack specimens The increa-ed 02, are commonly...the Jc values ’for characterization of the crack-tip atW ratio effects on the measured corresponding deep -crack spec- stress field Moreover, these

Effects of short-term very low-carbohydrate or conventional diet on strength performance.

PubMed

Meirelles, C; Candido, T; Gomes, P S

2010-06-01

Weight reduction strategies usually include diet and regular physical activity. A very low-carbohydrate and high protein diet (VLCD) may be preferred instead of a low energy conventional diet (CONV). The effects of VLCD on strength performance are yet to be understood. Aim of the study is to determine the effects of two different restrictive diets on strength performance. Sedentary women were assigned to either a VLCD (<40 g carbohydrate; n=12) or a CONV diet (500 to 800 kcal restrictive; 48%, 22% and 30% from carbohydrate, protein and fat, respectively; n=12). Knee extension isokinetic strength tests (3 yen 15 reps at 60 degrees .s-1, with 90 or 180 s rest interval between sets) were performed prior and after a one week diet period. Both groups reduced body mass (VLCD: -2.6+/-1.0% vs. CONV: -1.9+/-1.3%; P<0.05), with no between diets effect. The sum of the total work in three sets (ATW) was 4850+/-1002 J vs. 4801+/-973 J with 90 s rest interval, and 4812+/-1174 J vs. 4812+/-1210 J with 180 s rest interval, respectively, in the pre vs. post-VLCD period. For CONV, values were 4709+/-729 J vs. 4530+/-996 J with 90 s rest interval, and 4760+/-732 J vs. 4816+/-702 J with 180 s rest interval, respectively, in the pre vs. post-CONV treatment. No significant differences were detected in the ATW between groups. Short-term hypoenergetic diets, irrespective of the carbohydrate content, seem to reduce significantly body mass, but do not impair acute strength performance.

Dynamic characteristics of a VK-50 reactor operating under conditions of the loss of a normal feedwater flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semidotskiy, I. I.; Kurskiy, A. S.

2013-12-01

The paper describes the conditions of the ATWS type with virtually complete cessation of the feed-water flow at the operating power level of a reactor of the VK-50 type. Under these conditions, the role of spatial kinetics in the system of feedback between thermohydraulic and nuclear processes with bulk boiling of the coolant in the reactor core is clearly seen. This feature determines the specific character of experimental data obtained and the suitability of their use for verification of the associated codes used for calculating water-water reactors.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number 891201S1. 10214 U.S. Navy Ada/M, Version 2.0 (/OPTIMIZE Option) VAX 8550 and VAX 11/785 Hosts AN/UYK-44 Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

s -M-COM ST-1815A, Ada Joint Program Office 17.gbJftYCLSSF~ATW4 Is. SECURITY CLASSFAT04 OAS. TRUmVACAT M. LUITAf WCOF ABSTRACT Xi LLASSIFIED I CM ...Department of Defense Dist Specla Washington DC 20301 AVF Control Number: NIST89USN5556_1. 10 DATE VSR CPIEM BEFORE ON-SITE: 08-11-89 DATE VSR C34PLETED AFTER...ON-SITE: 12-04-89 DATE VSR MODIFIED PER AVO C31ME : 12-29-89 DATE VSR MODIFIED PER AVO CMtEN: 04-27-90 Ada O4PIIER VALIDATION SUM4M REPORT

Flight Research and Validation Formerly Experimental Capabilities Supersonic Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banks, Daniel

2009-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the work of the Experimental Capabilities Supersonic project, that is being reorganized into Flight Research and Validation. The work of Experimental Capabilities Project in FY '09 is reviewed, and the specific centers that is assigned to do the work is given. The portfolio of the newly formed Flight Research and Validation (FRV) group is also reviewed. The various projects for FY '10 for the FRV are detailed. These projects include: Eagle Probe, Channeled Centerbody Inlet Experiment (CCIE), Supersonic Boundary layer Transition test (SBLT), Aero-elastic Test Wing-2 (ATW-2), G-V External Vision Systems (G5 XVS), Air-to-Air Schlieren (A2A), In Flight Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS), Dynamic Inertia Measurement Technique (DIM), and Advanced In-Flight IR Thermography (AIR-T).

Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO) Schwaebisch Hall AAF, DL

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-17

TOTAL NUMSE3 YF OSERYATIONS4 USAFETAC 0-85 (OL-AI ,O Nivowrano ef lAS OM AMt cosmf G;L(3ohL C’LTl 2 "iC %1sAFPT C SURFACE WINDS AIR -ET!ER S PERCENTAGE...78 _ V_ on rm StATW NAM TUBS .’" ALL A-"H CIASS NIa ( LA T.) SPEED 1i I i MEAN ENTS) I! 1.3 4.6 7.10 1.16 17-21 22-27 28-31 .4-40 Al .47 48 55 ? :56...Il 2.4 W mw_ -- I* . Es _ _ _i n - ___; - 4 jSFTA 0I -- La Ic.-’ Mvw m.- i kb~ !ULA Hua6fOUMAI4 QSFTC 0’ ~.)PvWSOh401~ m aCSI El (,i U Ir i5 IJSAFCTA

Accelerator driven reactors and nuclear waste management projects in the Czech Republic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Janouch, Frantisek; Mach, Rostislav; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rez near Prague

1995-09-15

The Czech Republic is almost the only country in the central Europe which continues with the construction of nuclear power reactors. Its small territory and dense population causes public worries concerning the disposal of the spent nuclear fuel. The Czech nuclear scientists and the power companies and the nuclear industries are therefore looking for alterative solutions. The Los Alamos ATW project had received a positive response in the Czech mass-media and even in the industrial and governmental quarters. The recent scientific symposium ''Accelerator driven reactors and nuclear waste management'' convened at the Liblice castle near Prague, 27-29.6. 1994 and sponsoredmore » by the Czech Energy Company CEZ, reviewed the competencies and experimental basis in the Czech republic and made the first attempt to formulate the national approach and to establish international collaboration in this area.« less

Accelerator driven reactors and nuclear waste management projects in the Czech Republic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Janouch, F.; Mach, R.

1995-10-01

The Czech Republic is almost the only country in the central Europe which continues with the construction of nuclear power reactors. Its small territory and dense population causes public worries concerning the disposal of the spent nuclear fuel. The Czech nuclear scientists and the power companies and the nuclear industries are therefore looking for alternative solutions. The Los Alamos ATW project had received a positive response in the Czech mass-media and even in the industrial and governmental quarters. The recent scientific symposium {open_quotes}Accelerator driven reactors and nuclear waste management{close_quotes} convened at the Liblice castle near Prague, 27-29. 6. 1994 andmore » sponsored by the Czech Energy Company CEZ, reviewed the competencies and experimental basis in the Czech republic and made the first attempt to formulate the national approach and to establish international collaboration in this area.« less

The Effects of Grain Boundaries on the Current Transport Properties in YBCO-Coated Conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chao; Xia, Yudong; Xue, Yan; Zhang, Fei; Tao, Bowan; Xiong, Jie

2015-10-01

We report a detailed study of the grain orientations and grain boundary (GB) networks in Y2O3 films grown on Ni-5 at.%W substrates. Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) exhibited different GB misorientation angle distributions, strongly decided by Y2O3 films with different textures. The subsequent yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) barrier and CeO2 cap layer were deposited on Y2O3 layers by radio frequency sputtering, and YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition. For explicating the effects of the grain boundaries on the current carry capacity of YBCO films, a percolation model was proposed to calculate the critical current density ( J c) which depended on different GB misorientation angle distributions. The significantly higher J c for the sample with sharper texture is believed to be attributed to improved GB misorientation angle distributions.

Subspace Iteration Method for Complex Eigenvalue Problems with Nonsymmetric Matrices in Aeroelastic System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pak, Chan-gi; Lung, Shun-fat

2009-01-01

Modern airplane design is a multidisciplinary task which combines several disciplines such as structures, aerodynamics, flight controls, and sometimes heat transfer. Historically, analytical and experimental investigations concerning the interaction of the elastic airframe with aerodynamic and in retia loads have been conducted during the design phase to determine the existence of aeroelastic instabilities, so called flutter .With the advent and increased usage of flight control systems, there is also a likelihood of instabilities caused by the interaction of the flight control system and the aeroelastic response of the airplane, known as aeroservoelastic instabilities. An in -house code MPASES (Ref. 1), modified from PASES (Ref. 2), is a general purpose digital computer program for the analysis of the closed-loop stability problem. This program used subroutines given in the International Mathematical and Statistical Library (IMSL) (Ref. 3) to compute all of the real and/or complex conjugate pairs of eigenvalues of the Hessenberg matrix. For high fidelity configuration, these aeroelastic system matrices are large and compute all eigenvalues will be time consuming. A subspace iteration method (Ref. 4) for complex eigenvalues problems with nonsymmetric matrices has been formulated and incorporated into the modified program for aeroservoelastic stability (MPASES code). Subspace iteration method only solve for the lowest p eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors for aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic analysis. In general, the selection of p is ranging from 10 for wing flutter analysis to 50 for an entire aircraft flutter analysis. The application of this newly incorporated code is an experiment known as the Aerostructures Test Wing (ATW) which was designed by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California to research aeroelastic instabilities. Specifically, this experiment was used to study an instability known as flutter. ATW was a small-scale airplane wing comprised of an airfoil and wing tip boom. This wing was formulated based on a NACA-65A004 airfoil shape with a 3.28 aspect ratio. The wing had a span of 18 inch with root chord length of 13.2 inch and tip chord length of 8.7 inch. The total area of this wing was 197 square inch. The wing tip boom was a 1 inch diameter hollow tube of length 21.5 inch. The total weight of the wing was 2.66 lbs.

Basis Function Approximation of Transonic Aerodynamic Influence Coefficient Matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Wesley Waisang; Pak, Chan-Gi

2010-01-01

A technique for approximating the modal aerodynamic influence coefficients [AIC] matrices by using basis functions has been developed and validated. An application of the resulting approximated modal AIC matrix for a flutter analysis in transonic speed regime has been demonstrated. This methodology can be applied to the unsteady subsonic, transonic and supersonic aerodynamics. The method requires the unsteady aerodynamics in frequency-domain. The flutter solution can be found by the classic methods, such as rational function approximation, k, p-k, p, root-locus et cetera. The unsteady aeroelastic analysis for design optimization using unsteady transonic aerodynamic approximation is being demonstrated using the ZAERO(TradeMark) flutter solver (ZONA Technology Incorporated, Scottsdale, Arizona). The technique presented has been shown to offer consistent flutter speed prediction on an aerostructures test wing [ATW] 2 configuration with negligible loss in precision in transonic speed regime. These results may have practical significance in the analysis of aircraft aeroelastic calculation and could lead to a more efficient design optimization cycle

Recent improvements of reactor physics codes in MHI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosaka, Shinya; Yamaji, Kazuya; Kirimura, Kazuki; Kamiyama, Yohei; Matsumoto, Hideki

2015-12-01

This paper introduces recent improvements for reactor physics codes in Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd(MHI). MHI has developed a new neutronics design code system Galaxy/Cosmo-S(GCS) for PWR core analysis. After TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi accident, it is required to consider design extended condition which has not been covered explicitly by the former safety licensing analyses. Under these circumstances, MHI made some improvements for GCS code system. A new resonance calculation model of lattice physics code and homogeneous cross section representative model for core simulator have been developed to apply more wide range core conditions corresponding to severe accident status such like anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) analysis and criticality evaluation of dried-up spent fuel pit. As a result of these improvements, GCS code system has very wide calculation applicability with good accuracy for any core conditions as far as fuel is not damaged. In this paper, the outline of GCS code system is described briefly and recent relevant development activities are presented.

Distributed Aerodynamic Sensing and Processing Toolbox

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brenner, Martin; Jutte, Christine; Mangalam, Arun

2011-01-01

A Distributed Aerodynamic Sensing and Processing (DASP) toolbox was designed and fabricated for flight test applications with an Aerostructures Test Wing (ATW) mounted under the fuselage of an F-15B on the Flight Test Fixture (FTF). DASP monitors and processes the aerodynamics with the structural dynamics using nonintrusive, surface-mounted, hot-film sensing. This aerodynamic measurement tool benefits programs devoted to static/dynamic load alleviation, body freedom flutter suppression, buffet control, improvement of aerodynamic efficiency through cruise control, supersonic wave drag reduction through shock control, etc. This DASP toolbox measures local and global unsteady aerodynamic load distribution with distributed sensing. It determines correlation between aerodynamic observables (aero forces) and structural dynamics, and allows control authority increase through aeroelastic shaping and active flow control. It offers improvements in flutter suppression and, in particular, body freedom flutter suppression, as well as aerodynamic performance of wings for increased range/endurance of manned/ unmanned flight vehicles. Other improvements include inlet performance with closed-loop active flow control, and development and validation of advanced analytical and computational tools for unsteady aerodynamics.

Fabrication of vanadium dioxide polycrystalline films with higher temperature coefficient of resistance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jinhua; Yuan, Ningyi; Jiang, Meiping; Kun, Li

2011-08-01

Vanadium Dioxide Polycrystalline Films with High Temperature Coefficient of Resistance(TCR) were fabricated by modified Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition(IBED) method. The TCR of the Un-doping VO2 was about -4%/K at room temperature after appropriate thermal annealing. The XRD results clearly showed that IBED polycrystalline VO2 films had a single [002] orientation of VO2(M). The TCR of 5at.%W and 7at.% Ta doped Vanadium Dioxide Polycrystalline Films were high up to -18%/K and -12%/K at room temperature, respectively. Using 7at.% Ta and 2at.% Ti co-doping, the TCR of the co-doped vanadium oxide film was -7%/K and without hysteresis during temperature increasing and decresing from 0-80°C. It should indicate that the W-doped vanadium dioxide films colud be used for high sensing IR detect and the Ta/Ti co-doped film without hysteresis is suitable for infrarid imaging application.

Application of Approximate Unsteady Aerodynamics for Flutter Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pak, Chan-gi; Li, Wesley W.

2010-01-01

A technique for approximating the modal aerodynamic influence coefficient (AIC) matrices by using basis functions has been developed. A process for using the resulting approximated modal AIC matrix in aeroelastic analysis has also been developed. The method requires the unsteady aerodynamics in frequency domain, and this methodology can be applied to the unsteady subsonic, transonic, and supersonic aerodynamics. The flutter solution can be found by the classic methods, such as rational function approximation, k, p-k, p, root locus et cetera. The unsteady aeroelastic analysis using unsteady subsonic aerodynamic approximation is demonstrated herein. The technique presented is shown to offer consistent flutter speed prediction on an aerostructures test wing (ATW) 2 and a hybrid wing body (HWB) type of vehicle configuration with negligible loss in precision. This method computes AICs that are functions of the changing parameters being studied and are generated within minutes of CPU time instead of hours. These results may have practical application in parametric flutter analyses as well as more efficient multidisciplinary design and optimization studies.

Mechanical properties of in situ consolidated nanocrystalline multi-phase Al-Pb-W alloy studied by nanoindentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varam, Sreedevi; Prasad, Muvva D.; Rao, K. Bhanu Sankara; Rajulapati, Koteswararao V.

2016-12-01

Formation of chunks of various sizes ranging between 2 and 6 mm was achieved using high-energy ball milling in Al-1at.%Pb-1at.%W alloy system at room temperature during milling itself, aiding in in situ consolidation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate the formation of multi-phase structure with nanocrystalline structural features. From TEM data, an average grain size of 23 nm was obtained for Al matrix and the second-phase particles were around 5 nm. A high strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of 0.071 ± 0.004 and an activation volume of 4.71b3 were measured using nanoindentation. Modulus mapping studies were carried out using Berkovich tip in dynamic mechanical analysis mode coupled with in situ scanning probe microscopy imaging. The salient feature of this investigation is highlighting the role of different phases, their crystal structures and the resultant interfaces on the overall SRS and activation volume of a multi-phase nc material.

Recent improvements of reactor physics codes in MHI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kosaka, Shinya, E-mail: shinya-kosaka@mhi.co.jp; Yamaji, Kazuya; Kirimura, Kazuki

2015-12-31

This paper introduces recent improvements for reactor physics codes in Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd(MHI). MHI has developed a new neutronics design code system Galaxy/Cosmo-S(GCS) for PWR core analysis. After TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi accident, it is required to consider design extended condition which has not been covered explicitly by the former safety licensing analyses. Under these circumstances, MHI made some improvements for GCS code system. A new resonance calculation model of lattice physics code and homogeneous cross section representative model for core simulator have been developed to apply more wide range core conditions corresponding to severe accident status such like anticipatedmore » transient without scram (ATWS) analysis and criticality evaluation of dried-up spent fuel pit. As a result of these improvements, GCS code system has very wide calculation applicability with good accuracy for any core conditions as far as fuel is not damaged. In this paper, the outline of GCS code system is described briefly and recent relevant development activities are presented.« less

Reliability enhancement of APR + diverse protection system regarding common cause failures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oh, Y. G.; Kim, Y. M.; Yim, H. S.

2012-07-01

The Advanced Power Reactor Plus (APR +) nuclear power plant design has been developed on the basis of the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe) to further enhance safety and economics. For the mitigation of Anticipated Transients Without Scram (ATWS) as well as Common Cause Failures (CCF) within the Plant Protection System (PPS) and the Emergency Safety Feature - Component Control System (ESF-CCS), several design improvement features have been implemented for the Diverse Protection System (DPS) of the APR + plant. As compared to the APR1400 DPS design, the APR + DPS has been designed to provide the Safety Injectionmore » Actuation Signal (SIAS) considering a large break LOCA accident concurrent with the CCF. Additionally several design improvement features, such as channel structure with redundant processing modules, and changes of system communication methods and auto-system test methods, are introduced to enhance the functional reliability of the DPS. Therefore, it is expected that the APR + DPS can provide an enhanced safety and reliability regarding possible CCF in the safety-grade I and C systems as well as the DPS itself. (authors)« less

Effects of Casting Conditions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Co-19 at.%Al-6 at. %W Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazantseva, N. V.; Stepanova, N. N.; Rigmant, M. B.; Davidov, D. I.; Shishkin, D. A.; Romanov, E. P.

The Co-19 at.%Al-6 at.%W alloy was prepared by two methods of casting. We used arc melting under an argon atmosphere with casting into a copper water-cooled casting mold and induction melting furnace with casting into a ceramic Al2O3 mold. According to the X-ray and SEM analyses, phase compositions depend on the cooling rate of the ingot after melting. After arc melting, the cast alloy has a three-phase structure, consisting of γ cobalt (FCC), intermetallic phases CoAl (B2) type, and Co3W (DO19) type. After the induction melting, the alloy has a three-phase structure, consisting of γ cobalt (FCC), intermetallic phases CoAl (B2) type, and Co7W6 (µ) type. All phases in the investigated ternary alloy at the room temperature are ferromagnetic. Curie temperatures of all obtained phases were defined. It is shown that the magnetic properties of the studied alloy are typical for soft magnetic materials.

Updating the Finite Element Model of the Aerostructures Test Wing Using Ground Vibration Test Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lung, Shun-Fat; Pak, Chan-Gi

2009-01-01

Improved and/or accelerated decision making is a crucial step during flutter certification processes. Unfortunately, most finite element structural dynamics models have uncertainties associated with model validity. Tuning the finite element model using measured data to minimize the model uncertainties is a challenging task in the area of structural dynamics. The model tuning process requires not only satisfactory correlations between analytical and experimental results, but also the retention of the mass and stiffness properties of the structures. Minimizing the difference between analytical and experimental results is a type of optimization problem. By utilizing the multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization (MDAO) tool in order to optimize the objective function and constraints; the mass properties, the natural frequencies, and the mode shapes can be matched to the target data to retain the mass matrix orthogonality. This approach has been applied to minimize the model uncertainties for the structural dynamics model of the aerostructures test wing (ATW), which was designed and tested at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center (Edwards, California). This study has shown that natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes from the updated finite element model have excellent agreement with corresponding measured data.

Updating the Finite Element Model of the Aerostructures Test Wing using Ground Vibration Test Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lung, Shun-fat; Pak, Chan-gi

2009-01-01

Improved and/or accelerated decision making is a crucial step during flutter certification processes. Unfortunately, most finite element structural dynamics models have uncertainties associated with model validity. Tuning the finite element model using measured data to minimize the model uncertainties is a challenging task in the area of structural dynamics. The model tuning process requires not only satisfactory correlations between analytical and experimental results, but also the retention of the mass and stiffness properties of the structures. Minimizing the difference between analytical and experimental results is a type of optimization problem. By utilizing the multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization (MDAO) tool in order to optimize the objective function and constraints; the mass properties, the natural frequencies, and the mode shapes can be matched to the target data to retain the mass matrix orthogonality. This approach has been applied to minimize the model uncertainties for the structural dynamics model of the Aerostructures Test Wing (ATW), which was designed and tested at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) (Edwards, California). This study has shown that natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes from the updated finite element model have excellent agreement with corresponding measured data.

Death qualification and prejudice: the effect of implicit racism, sexism, and homophobia on capital defendants' right to due process.

PubMed

Butler, Brooke

2007-01-01

Two hundred venirepersons from the 12th Judicial Circuit in Bradenton, Florida completed the following measures: (1) one question that measured their level of support for the death penalty; (2) one question that categorized their death-qualification status; (3) 23 questions that measured their attitudes toward the death penalty (ATDP); (4) 22 questions that assessed their attitudes toward women (ATW); (5) 25 questions that measured their level of homophobia (H); (6) seven questions that assessed their level of modern racism (MR); (7) eight questions that measured their level of modern sexism (MS); and (8) standard demographic questions. Results indicated that as death-penalty support increased participants exhibited more positive attitudes toward the death penalty, more negative attitudes toward women, and higher levels of homophobia, modern racism, and modern sexism. Findings also suggested that death-qualified venirepersons exhibited more positive attitudes toward the death penalty and higher levels of homophobia, modern racism, and modern sexism. Finally, more positive attitudes toward the death penalty were correlated with more negative attitudes toward women and higher levels of homophobia, modern racism, and modern sexism. Legal implications are discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Flight-Test Evaluation of Flutter-Prediction Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lind, RIck; Brenner, Marty

2003-01-01

The flight-test community routinely spends considerable time and money to determine a range of flight conditions, called a flight envelope, within which an aircraft is safe to fly. The cost of determining a flight envelope could be greatly reduced if there were a method of safely and accurately predicting the speed associated with the onset of an instability called flutter. Several methods have been developed with the goal of predicting flutter speeds to improve the efficiency of flight testing. These methods include (1) data-based methods, in which one relies entirely on information obtained from the flight tests and (2) model-based approaches, in which one relies on a combination of flight data and theoretical models. The data-driven methods include one based on extrapolation of damping trends, one that involves an envelope function, one that involves the Zimmerman-Weissenburger flutter margin, and one that involves a discrete-time auto-regressive model. An example of a model-based approach is that of the flutterometer. These methods have all been shown to be theoretically valid and have been demonstrated on simple test cases; however, until now, they have not been thoroughly evaluated in flight tests. An experimental apparatus called the Aerostructures Test Wing (ATW) was developed to test these prediction methods.

Application Of The Iberdrola Licensing Methodology To The Cofrentes BWR-6 110% Extended Power Up-rate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mata, Pedro; Fuente, Rafael de la; Iglesias, Javier

Iberdrola (spanish utility) and Iberdrola Ingenieria (engineering branch) have been developing during the last two years the 110% Extended Power Up-rate Project (EPU 110%) for Cofrentes BWR-6. IBERDROLA has available an in-house design and licensing reload methodology that has been approved by the Spanish Nuclear Regulatory Authority. This methodology has been already used to perform the nuclear design and the reload licensing analysis for Cofrentes cycles 12 to 14. The methodology has been also applied to develop a significant number of safety analysis of the Cofrentes Extended Power Up-rate including: Reactor Heat Balance, Core and Fuel performance, Thermal Hydraulic Stability,more » ECCS LOCA Evaluation, Transient Analysis, Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS) and Station Blackout (SBO) Since the scope of the licensing process of the Cofrentes Extended Power Up-rate exceeds the range of analysis included in the Cofrentes generic reload licensing process, it has been required to extend the applicability of the Cofrentes licensing methodology to the analysis of new transients. This is the case of the TLFW transient. The content of this paper shows the benefits of having an in-house design and licensing methodology, and describes the process to extend the applicability of the methodology to the analysis of new transients. The case of analysis of Total Loss of Feedwater with the Cofrentes Retran Model is included as an example of this process. (authors)« less

Green Tea Consumption after Intense Taekwondo Training Enhances Salivary Defense Factors and Antibacterial Capacity

PubMed Central

Lin, Shiuan-Pey; Li, Chia-Yang; Suzuki, Katsuhiko; Chang, Chen-Kang; Chou, Kuei-Ming; Fang, Shih-Hua

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of green tea consumption on selected salivary defense proteins, antibacterial capacity and anti-oxidation activity in taekwondo (TKD) athletes, following intensive training. Twenty-two TKD athletes performed a 2-hr TKD training session. After training, participants ingested green tea (T, caffeine 6 mg/kg and catechins 22 mg/kg) or an equal volume of water (W). Saliva samples were collected at three time points: before training (BT-T; BT-W), immediately after training (AT-T; AT-W), and 30 min after drinking green tea or water (Rec-T; Rec-W). Salivary total protein, immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lactoferrin, α-amylase activity, free radical scavenger activity (FRSA) and antibacterial capacity were measured. Salivary total protein, lactoferrin, SIgA concentrations and α-amylase activity increased significantly immediately after intensive TKD training. After tea drinking and 30 min rest, α-amylase activity and the ratio of α-amylase to total protein were significantly higher than before and after training. In addition, salivary antibacterial capacity was not affected by intense training, but green tea consumption after training enhanced salivary antibacterial capacity. Additionally, we observed that salivary FRSA was markedly suppressed immediately after training and quickly returned to pre-exercise values, regardless of which fluid was consumed. Our results show that green tea consumption significantly enhances the activity of α-amylase and salivary antibacterial capacity. PMID:24498143

Aspiration tests in aqueous foam using a breathing simulator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Archuleta, M.M.

1995-12-01

Non-toxic aqueous foams are being developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) for use in crowd control, cell extractions, and group disturbances in the criminal justice prison systems. The potential for aspiration of aqueous foam during its use and the resulting adverse effects associated with complete immersion in aqueous foam is of major concern to the NIJ when examining the effectiveness and safety of using this technology as a Less-Than-Lethal weapon. This preliminary study was designed to evaluate the maximum quantity of foam that might be aspirated by an individual following total immersion inmore » an SNL-developed aqueous foam. A.T.W. Reed Breathing simulator equipped with a 622 Silverman cam was used to simulate the aspiration of an ammonium laureth sulfate aqueous foam developed by SNL and generated at expansion ratios in the range of 500:1 to 1000:1. Although the natural instinct of an individual immersed in foam is to cover their nose and mouth with a hand or cloth, thus breaking the bubbles and decreasing the potential for aspiration, this study was performed to examine a worst case scenario where mouth breathing only was examined, and no attempt was made to block foam entry into the breathing port. Two breathing rates were examined: one that simulated a sedentary individual with a mean breathing rate of 6.27 breaths/minute, and one that simulated an agitated or heavily breathing individual with a mean breathing rate of 23.7 breaths/minute. The results of this study indicate that, if breathing in aqueous foam without movement, an air pocket forms around the nose and mouth within one minute of immersion.« less

Correlates of volunteering among aging Texans: the roles of health indicators, spirituality, and social engagement.

PubMed

Ahn, SangNam; Phillips, Karon L; Smith, Matthew Lee; Ory, Marcia G

2011-07-01

This study aimed to identify participant characteristics associated with volunteering among older adults. Based on data from the 2008 Aging Texas Well (ATW) Indicators Survey, we examined the degree to which demographic factors, health status, spiritual participation, and community involvement are associated with volunteering among adults aged 60 years or older (n = 525). Rates of volunteering varied by race/ethnicity: non-Hispanic Whites (56.4%), African Americans (51.1%), and Hispanics (43.2%). Bivariate analyses showed that non-Hispanic White older adults were more likely to participate in formal volunteering activities, while their African American and Hispanic counterparts tended to participate in informal volunteering activities. Logistic regression analyses revealed that volunteering was less observed among Hispanics (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.78). Volunteering was more observed among those who reported providing informal care (OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.28), having very good or excellent mental health (OR = 1.90 and 2.07, 95% CI 1.09-3.32 and 1.20-3.55, respectively), having weekly or daily spiritual participation (OR = 2.15 and 2.35, 95% CI 1.28-3.63 and 1.29-4.28, respectively), perceiving community involvement very important (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.55-3.62), and being very satisfied with the community interaction (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.85). Given the positive associations of mental health, spirituality, and social engagement with volunteering among older adults, system-level efforts to increase the sense of community among older adults and recognize their roles as volunteers will be helpful in recruiting and retaining older volunteers. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Risk-benefit analysis of a hCG-500 kcal reducing diet (cura romana) in females].

PubMed

Rabe, T; Richter, S; Kiesel, L; Runnebaum, B

1987-05-01

The British physician A.T.W. Simeons described in 1954 a new method for dieting. He combined a reduction diet (500 kcal per day) with daily injections of the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (125 IU i.m.). According to Simeons the patient should not lose more weight during a 4-to-6 weeks' diet than without hCG, but the injections should facilitate to maintain the diet and to lose body weight at specific parts of the body (e.g. hip, belly, thigh). After the first publication various studies conducted with male and female patients analysed the efficacy of the "Cura romana". 10 of these studies showed positive and another 10 studies negative results with regard to hCG-related weight reduction. Two of these studies with positive results were double-blind studies (hCG vs. placebo). Most of them were reports on therapeutical experiences and were not controlled studies. According to these reports the body proportions normalized and the feeling of hunger was tolerable. Four out of 10 studies with negative results were controlled studies (hCG vs. control without hCG), whereas 6 were double-blind studies. These studies showed a significant weight reduction during dieting, but no differences between treatment groups in respect of body weight, body proportions and feeling of hunger. One of them is the only German study conducted by Rabe et al. in 1981 in which 82 randomised premenopausal volunteers had been dieting either with hCG or without hCG injections. In recent publications describing mostly well-documented double-blind studies authors largely reject hCG administration in dieting. Supporters of the hCG diet must prove the efficacy of this method in controlled studies according to the German Drug Law. Until then the opinion of the German steroid toxicology panel is still valid, that hCG is ineffective in dieting and should not be used (Bolt 1982 a, 1982 b).

Statistical analysis of low-voltage EDS spectrum images

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, I.M.

1998-03-01

The benefits of using low ({le}5 kV) operating voltages for energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) of bulk specimens have been explored only during the last few years. This paper couples low-voltage EDS with two other emerging areas of characterization: spectrum imaging of a computer chip manufactured by a major semiconductor company. Data acquisition was performed with a Philips XL30-FEG SEM operated at 4 kV and equipped with an Oxford super-ATW detector and XP3 pulse processor. The specimen was normal to the electron beam and the take-off angle for acquisition was 35{degree}. The microscope was operated with a 150 {micro}m diameter finalmore » aperture at spot size 3, which yielded an X-ray count rate of {approximately}2,000 s{sup {minus}1}. EDS spectrum images were acquired as Adobe Photoshop files with the 4pi plug-in module. (The spectrum images could also be stored as NIH Image files, but the raw data are automatically rescaled as maximum-contrast (0--255) 8-bit TIFF images -- even at 16-bit resolution -- which poses an inconvenience for quantitative analysis.) The 4pi plug-in module is designed for EDS X-ray mapping and allows simultaneous acquisition of maps from 48 elements plus an SEM image. The spectrum image was acquired by re-defining the energy intervals of 48 elements to form a series of contiguous 20 eV windows from 1.25 kV to 2.19 kV. A spectrum image of 450 x 344 pixels was acquired from the specimen with a sampling density of 50 nm/pixel and a dwell time of 0.25 live seconds per pixel, for a total acquisition time of {approximately}14 h. The binary data files were imported into Mathematica for analysis with software developed by the author at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A 400 x 300 pixel section of the original image was analyzed. MSA required {approximately}185 Mbytes of memory and {approximately}18 h of CPU time on a 300 MHz Power Macintosh 9600.« less

A Characteristic Mode Analysis of Conductive Nanowires and Microwires Above a Lossy Dielectric Half-Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiddle, Daniel S.

Nanowires possess extraordinary mechanical, thermoelectric and electromagnetic properties which led to their incorporation in a wide variety of applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of material on the electromagnetic response of these nanowires. We used the Method of Moments (MOM) for Arbitrarily Thin Wire (ATW) formulation as an efficient computational technique for calculating the electromagnetic response of nanowires. To explain the calculated electromagnetic response, we evoked the Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) which decomposes the current on the wire into a superposition of fundamental current modes. These modes are weighted by two coefficients: (i) the relative importance of each mode at a certain frequency, termed Modal Significance, and (ii) the level of coupling between the incident field and the mode termed the Modal Excitation Coefficient. In this, work we study how the wire's material affect the Modal Significance and the Modal Excitation Coefficient of nanowires. Our results show that the material of the nanowire has a strong effect on the resonance frequency, the bandwidth, and the overlap of the modes showing that the material of the nanowire can be used as a tuning factor to develop sensors with desired radiation characteristics. Nanowires are commonly grown vertically on a substrate and, therefore, we also study the effect of the presence of a lossy dielectric half-space on their electromagnetic response. To efficiently account for this interface, we utilize a modified Green's function using the rigorous Sommerfeld integrals. Our results show that the relative permittivity of the substrate decreases the resonance frequencies of the nanowires and significantly alters their radiation patterns. Most importantly, we find that, if the nanowire is near the interface, its evanescent field's couple to the dielectric half space leading to the majority of the scattered power radiated into the substrate with high directivity. The results of this thesis has the potential to quantify the electromagnetic response of vertical nanowires in their realistic environment as well as facilitate the incorporation of nanowires in novel sensing applications.

Implementing standards for the interoperability among healthcare providers in the public regionalized Healthcare Information System of the Lombardy Region.

PubMed

Barbarito, Fulvio; Pinciroli, Francesco; Mason, John; Marceglia, Sara; Mazzola, Luca; Bonacina, Stefano

2012-08-01

Information technologies (ITs) have now entered the everyday workflow in a variety of healthcare providers with a certain degree of independence. This independence may be the cause of difficulty in interoperability between information systems and it can be overcome through the implementation and adoption of standards. Here we present the case of the Lombardy Region, in Italy, that has been able, in the last 10 years, to set up the Regional Social and Healthcare Information System, connecting all the healthcare providers within the region, and providing full access to clinical and health-related documents independently from the healthcare organization that generated the document itself. This goal, in a region with almost 10 millions citizens, was achieved through a twofold approach: first, the political and operative push towards the adoption of the Health Level 7 (HL7) standard within single hospitals and, second, providing a technological infrastructure for data sharing based on interoperability specifications recognized at the regional level for messages transmitted from healthcare providers to the central domain. The adoption of such regional interoperability specifications enabled the communication among heterogeneous systems placed in different hospitals in Lombardy. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) integration profiles which refer to HL7 standards are adopted within hospitals for message exchange and for the definition of integration scenarios. The IHE patient administration management (PAM) profile with its different workflows is adopted for patient management, whereas the Scheduled Workflow (SWF), the Laboratory Testing Workflow (LTW), and the Ambulatory Testing Workflow (ATW) are adopted for order management. At present, the system manages 4,700,000 pharmacological e-prescriptions, and 1,700,000 e-prescriptions for laboratory exams per month. It produces, monthly, 490,000 laboratory medical reports, 180,000 radiology medical reports, 180,000 first aid medical reports, and 58,000 discharge summaries. Hence, despite there being still work in progress, the Lombardy Region healthcare system is a fully interoperable social healthcare system connecting patients, healthcare providers, healthcare organizations, and healthcare professionals in a large and heterogeneous territory through the implementation of international health standards. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Theory and methods for measuring the effective multiplication constant in ADS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rugama Saez, Yolanda

2001-10-01

In the thesis an absolute measurements technique for the subcriticality determination is presented. The ADS is a hybrid system where a subcritical system is fed by a proton accelerator. There are different proposals to define an ADS, one is to use plutonium and minor actinides from power plants waste as fuel to be transmuted into non radioactive isotopes (transmuter/burner, ATW). Another proposal is to use a Th232-U233 cycle (Energy Amplifier), being that thorium is an interesting and abundant fertile isotope. The development of accelerator driven systems (ADS) requires the development of methods to monitor and control the subcriticality of this kind of system without interfering with its normal operation mode. With this finality, we have applied noise analysis techniques that allow us to characterise the system when it is operating. The method presented in this thesis is based on the stochastic neutron and photon transport theory that can be implemented by presently available neutron/photon transport codes. In this work, first we analyse the stochastic transport theory which has been applied to define a parameter to determine the subcritical reactivity monitoring measurements. Finally we give the main limitations and recommendations for these subcritical monitoring methodology. As a result of the theoretical methodology, done in the first part of this thesis, a monitoring measurement technique has been developed and verified using two coupled Monte Carlo programs. The first one, LAHET, simulates the spallation collisions and the high energy transport and the other, MCNP-DSP, is used to estimate the counting statistics from a neutron/photon ray counter in a fissile system, as well as the transport for neutron with energies less than 20 MeV. From the coupling of both codes we developed the LAHET/MCNP-DSP code which, has the capability to simulate the total process in the ADS from the proton interaction to the signal detector processing. In these simulations, we compute the cross power spectral densities between pairs of detectors located inside the system which, is defined as the measured parameter. From the comparison of the theoretical predictions with the Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain some practical and simple methods to determine the system multiplication constant. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Application of methods for area calculation of geodesic polygons on Polish administrative units / Zastosowanie metod obliczania pól powierzchni wieloboków geodezyjnych na przykładzie jednostek administracyjnych w Polsce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pędzich, Paweł; Kuźma, Marta

2012-11-01

The paper presents methods of area calculation, which may be applied for big geodesic polygons on the ellipsoid. Proposal developed by the authors of this paper is discussed. The proposed methods are compared with other, alternative methods of area calculation of such polygons. Test calculations are performed for administrative units in Poland. The obtained results are also compared with areas of those units registered in statistical annals. Utilisation of the equal-area map projections of the ellipsoid onto a plane seems to be the best solution for the discussed task. In the case of small distances between points we may expect accurate results of calculations, since the area size is influenced by the projection reductions only, which are small in such cases. In some cases their influence on results of calculations may be neglected. Then, only re-calculation of co-ordinates from the GRS80 ellipsoid to the cartographic, equal-area projection is required. Umiejętność obliczania pól wieloboków geodezyjnych, czyli takich, których bokami są odcinki linii geodezyjnych, ma istotne znaczenie w praktyce geodezyjnej i kartograficznej. Jednym z podstawowych zadań wykonywanych przez geodetów i kartografów jest obliczanie pól różnych obiektów powierzchniowych takich jak gmina, województwo, obszary użytków gruntowych itp. Jeżeli zadanie sprowadza się tylko do powierzchni kuli lub płaszczyzny to rozwiązanie jest stosunkowo łatwe. Zadanie komplikuje się, jeżeli za powierzchnię odniesienia fizycznej powierzchni Ziemi przyjmiemy elipsoidę obrotową, ponieważ nie ma ścisłych wzorów, które pozwalałyby na realizację takiego zadania; są jedynie wzory przybliżone mające zastosowanie dla niewielkich obszarów. Trudności pojawiają się szczególnie w przypadku dużych wieloboków zlokalizowanych na elipsoidzie obrotowej spłaszczonej. W artykule przedstawiono metody obliczania pól powierzchni, które mogą być stosowane dla dużych wieloboków geodezyjnych na elipsoidzie. Opisano propozycje autorów niniejszego artykułu. Zaproponowane sposoby skonfrontowano z innymi alternatywnymi metodami obliczania pól powierzchni tych wieloboków. Obliczenia testowe przeprowadzono dla jednostek administracyjnych obszaru Polski. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z powierzchniami tych jednostek zapisanymi w rocznikach statystycznych.

Research about Automatic Adjustment Solution of the Advance Force at the Perffusion Drills Using Fluid Elements / Badanie Systemu Automatycznej Regulacji SIŁY Posuwu W Wiertnicach Udarowych Z Wykorzystaniem ELEMENTÓW PŁYNOWYCH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotetiu, Adriana; Cotetiu, Radu; Ungureanu, Nicolae

2013-12-01

This paper presents the actual solution used by Secoma Company and part of research regarding a personal solution concerning the implementation of the digital devices in the pressing strength's control of a pneumatic rotating drill, which is included in the structure of the drilling installation. The monostable fluidic element, which was proposed to be used, is a special device, with an incompressible fluid as supply jet and compressible fluid as command jet. The fluidic command proposed solution presents superior advantages given the existing variants and the automation solutions with electronic components. This is due to the higher security in hostile work environments (moist environment, with high methane gas contents, with fire danger, with high temperature) of their high feasibility and maintenance. For the practical achievement of the automated regulation with fluidic elements, of the type tested in the experimental plan, it is necessary to choose a monostabile fluidic amplifier for the prototype device, which respects several clear conditions regarding wall attachment angle and geometrical parameters. W pracy przedstawiono rozwiązanie stosowane przez firmę Secoma oraz omówiono część badań dotyczących rozwiązań w dziedzinie implementacji urządzeń cyfrowych do regulacji siły naporu w obrotowych wiertnicach pneumatycznych będących częścią urządzenia wiertniczego. Zaproponowano użycie mono-stabilnego elementu płynowego, będącego specjalnym urządzeniem zawierającym płyn nieściśliwy jako strugę zasilająca i płyn ściśliwy jako strugę sterującą. Rozwiązanie z wykorzystaniem elementu płynowego daje dodatkowe korzyści w odniesieniu do obecnie stosowanych rozwiązań zawierających komponenty elektryczne, przyczyniając się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa pracy w środowisku niebezpiecznym (w warunkach wysokiej wilgotności, wysokich stężeń metanu, zagrożenia pożarowego, wysokich temperatur), ponadto są one łatwe w użyciu i obsłudze. W celu uzyskania odpowiedniej automatycznej regulacji przy zastosowaniu elementów płynowych testowanych w ramach programu badawczego, konieczny był wybór odpowiedniego wzmacniacza płynowego dla prototypu urządzenia, z uwzględnieniem kluczowych wymogów, odnośnie kąta zamocowania do ścian i parametrów geometrycznych.

The Use of 3D Graphic Modelling in Geoarchaeological Investigations (Bykowszczyzna Archaeological Site near Kock, E Poland)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Łojek, Jacek

2012-01-01

The objective of this paper was to use the ArcView 3.2 application for spatial modelling of the exploration forms (pits) in the Bykowszczyzna 8 archaeological site. The 3D digital documentation at a specific scale makes possible easy archiving, presentation, and simple spatial analyses of the examined objects. The ArcView 3.2 programme and its extensions (Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst), commonly used as analytical tools in geomorphology, were inventively used for inventory-making in the archaeological site. Traditional field sketches were only a base, which enables entering data into the programme, and don't documentation material in itself as it used to be. The method of data visual ization proposed by the author gives new possibilities for using the GIS platform software. W artykule zaprezentowano projekt wykorzystania aplikacji ArcView 3.2 w modelowaniu obrazu form eksploracyjnych na stanowisku archeologicznym Bykowszczyzna 8. Stanowisko zostało objęte programem ratowniczych badań archeologicznych w związku z budową obwodnicy miasta Kocka na trasie krajowej nr 19 relacji Siemiatycze-Lublin-Nisko. Zasadniczy etap prac archeologicznych na stanowisku Bykowszczyzna 8 obejmował pozyskanie oraz inwentaryzację materiału zabytkowego wypełniającego formy. W wyniku wybrania tego materiału, w obszarze stanowiska pozostają charakterystyczne jamy gospodarcze, które stanowią negatywowy obraz wypełnienia formy. Kształt jam jest dokumentowany w postaci szkiców oraz fotografii. Dokumentacja ta stanowi punkt wyjścia procesu digitalizacji (materiał źródłowy). Treścią artykułu jest sporządzenie cyfrowej dokumentacji zawierającej plany stanowiska w kilku poziomach szczegółowości (dla pasa, pola oraz pojedynczych form) oraz wygenerowanie modeli w standardzie 3D. Dokumentacja taka umożliwia łatwą archiwizację oraz czytelną prezentację wybranych obiektów. Możliwe jest również wykonanie analiz przestrzennych. Funkcje programu ArcView 3.2. oraz jego rozszerzeń: Spatial Analyst i 3D Analyst wykorzystywane jako narzędzia analityczne w geomorfologii, w sposób nowatorski zostały zastosowane w pracach inwentaryzacyjnych na stanowisku archeologicznym. Wykonywane tradycyjnymi metodami szkice terenowe, są w tym przypadku tylko podkładem umożliwiającym wprowadzenie danych do programu, a nie jak dotychczas materiałem dokumentacyjnym samym w sobie. Zaproponowana przez autora metoda wizualizacji danych, daje nowe możliwości wykorzystania programów środowiska GIS oraz jest kolejnym krokiem w dziedzinie współpracy geografów i archeologów.

A probabilistic storm surge risk model for the German North Sea and Baltic Sea coast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grabbert, Jan-Henrik; Reiner, Andreas; Deepen, Jan; Rodda, Harvey; Mai, Stephan; Pfeifer, Dietmar

2010-05-01

The German North Sea coast is highly exposed to storm surges. Due to its concave bay-like shape mainly orientated to the North-West, cyclones from Western, North-Western and Northern directions together with astronomical tide cause storm surges accumulating the water in the German bight. Due to the existence of widespread low-lying areas (below 5m above mean sea level) behind the defenses, large areas including large economic values are exposed to coastal flooding including cities like Hamburg or Bremen. The occurrence of extreme storm surges in the past like e.g. in 1962 taking about 300 lives and causing widespread flooding and 1976 raised the awareness and led to a redesign of the coastal defenses which provide a good level of protection for today's conditions. Never the less the risk of flooding exists. Moreover an amplification of storm surge risk can be expected under the influence of climate change. The Baltic Sea coast is also exposed to storm surges, which are caused by other meteorological patterns. The influence of the astronomical tide is quite low instead high water levels are induced by strong winds only. Since the exceptional extreme event in 1872 storm surge hazard has been more or less forgotten. Although such an event is very unlikely to happen, it is not impossible. Storm surge risk is currently (almost) non-insurable in Germany. The potential risk is difficult to quantify as there are almost no historical losses available. Also premiums are difficult to assess. Therefore a new storm surge risk model is being developed to provide a basis for a probabilistic quantification of potential losses from coastal inundation. The model is funded by the GDV (German Insurance Association) and is planned to be used within the German insurance sector. Results might be used for a discussion of insurance cover for storm surge. The model consists of a probabilistic event driven hazard and a vulnerability module, furthermore an exposure interface and a financial module to account for specific (re-) insurance conditions. This contribution will mainly concentrate on the hazard module. The hazard is covered by an event simulation engine enabling Monte Carlo simulations. The event generation is done on-the-fly. A classification of historical storm surges is used based on observed sea water levels at gauging stations and extended literature research. To characterize the origin of storm events and storm surges caused by those, also meteorological parameters like wind speed and wind direction are being used. If high water levels along the coast are mainly caused by strong wind from particular directions as observed at the North Sea, there is a clear empirical relationship between wind and surge (where surge is defined as the wind-driven component of the sea water level) which can be described by the ATWS (Average Transformed Wind speed). The parameters forming the load at the coastal defense elements are water level and wave parameters like significant wave height, wave period and wave direction. To assess the wave characteristics at the coast the numerical model SWAN (Simulating Waves Near Shore) from TU Delft has been used. To account for different probabilities of failure and inundation the coast is split into segments with similar defense characteristics like type of defense, height, width, orientation and others. The chosen approach covers the most relevant failure mechanisms for coastal dikes induced by wave overtopping and overflow. Dune failure is also considered in the model. Inundation of the hinterland after defense failure is modeled using a simple dynamical 2d-approach resulting in distributed water depths and flood outlines for each segment. Losses can be estimated depending on the input exposure data either coordinate based for single buildings or aggregated on postal code level using a set of depths-damage functions.

Design of Complex Systems to Achieve Passive Safety: Natural Circulation Cooling of Liquid Salt Pebble Bed Reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scarlat, Raluca Olga

This dissertation treats system design, modeling of transient system response, and characterization of individual phenomena and demonstrates a framework for integration of these three activities early in the design process of a complex engineered system. A system analysis framework for prioritization of experiments, modeling, and development of detailed design is proposed. Two fundamental topics in thermal-hydraulics are discussed, which illustrate the integration of modeling and experimentation with nuclear reactor design and safety analysis: thermal-hydraulic modeling of heat generating pebble bed cores, and scaled experiments for natural circulation heat removal with Boussinesq liquids. The case studies used in this dissertation are derived from the design and safety analysis of a pebble bed fluoride salt cooled high temperature nuclear reactor (PB-FHR), currently under development in the United States at the university and national laboratories level. In the context of the phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) methodology, new tools and approaches are proposed and demonstrated here, which are specifically relevant to technology in the early stages of development, and to analysis of passive safety features. A system decomposition approach is proposed. Definition of system functional requirements complements identification and compilation of the current knowledge base for the behavior of the system. Two new graphical tools are developed for ranking of phenomena importance: a phenomena ranking map, and a phenomena identification and ranking matrix (PIRM). The functional requirements established through this methodology were used for the design and optimization of the reactor core, and for the transient analysis and design of the passive natural circulation driven decay heat removal system for the PB-FHR. A numerical modeling approach for heat-generating porous media, with multi-dimensional fluid flow is presented. The application of this modeling approach to the PB-FHR annular pebble bed core cooled by fluoride salt mixtures generated a model that is called Pod. Pod. was used to show the resilience of the PB-FHR core to generation of hot spots or cold spots, due to the effect of buoyancy on the flow and temperature distribution in the packed bed. Pod. was used to investigate the PB-FHR response to ATWS transients. Based on the functional requirements for the core, Pod. was used to generate an optimized design of the flow distribution in the core. An analysis of natural circulation loops cooled by single-phase Boussinesq fluids is presented here, in the context of reactor design that relies on natural circulation decay heat removal, and design of scaled experiments. The scaling arguments are established for a transient natural circulation loop, for loops that have long fluid residence time, and negligible contribution of fluid inertia to the momentum equation. The design of integral effects tests for the loss of forced circulation (LOFC) for PB-FHR is discussed. The special case of natural circulation decay heat removal from a pebble bed reactor was analyzed. A way to define the Reynolds number in a multi-dimensional pebble bed was identified. The scaling methodology for replicating pebble bed friction losses using an electrically resistance heated annular pipe and a needle valve was developed. The thermophysical properties of liquid fluoride salts lead to design of systems with low flow velocities, and hence long fluid residence times. A comparison among liquid coolants for the performance of steady state natural circulation heat removal from a pebble bed was performed. Transient natural circulation experimental data with simulant fluids for fluoride salts is given here. The low flow velocity and the relatively high viscosity of the fluoride salts lead to low Reynolds number flows, and a low Reynolds number in conjunction with a sufficiently high coefficient of thermal expansion makes the system susceptible to local buoyancy effects Experiments indicate that slow exchange of stagnant fluid in static legs can play a significant role in the transient response of natural circulation loops. The effect of non-linear temperature profiles on the hot or cold legs or other segments of the flow loop, which may develop during transient scenarios, should be considered when modeling the performance of natural circulation loops. The data provided here can be used for validation of the application of thermal-hydraulic systems codes to the modeling of heat removal by natural circulation with liquid fluoride salts and its simulant fluids.

Thermal Power Of The TS-300B Refrigerator in the Aspects of Statistical Research / Moc Cieplna Chłodziarki TS-300B W Aspekcie Badań Statystycznych

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nowak, Bernard; Łuczak, Rafał

2015-09-01

The article discusses the improvement of thermal working conditions in underground mine workings, using local refrigeration systems. It considers the efficiency of air cooling with direct action air compression refrigerator of the TS-300B type. As a result of a failure to meet the required operating conditions of the aforementioned air cooling system, frequently there are discrepancies between the predicted (and thus the expected) effects of its work and the reality. Therefore, to improve the operating efficiency of this system, in terms of effective use of the evaporator cooling capacity, quality criteria were developed, which are easy in practical application. They were obtained in the form of statistical models, describing the effect of independent variables, i.e. the parameters of the inlet air to the evaporator (temperature, humidity and volumetric flow rate), as well as the parameters of the water cooling the condenser (temperature and volumetric flow rate), on the thermal power of air cooler, treated as the dependent variable. Statistical equations describing the performance of the analyzed air cooling system were determined, based on the linear and nonlinear multiple regression. The obtained functions were modified by changing the values of the coefficients in the case of linear regression, and of the coefficients and exponents in the case of non-linear regression, with the independent variables. As a result, functions were obtained, which were more convenient in practical applications. Using classical statistics methods, the quality of fitting the regression function to the experimental data was evaluated. Also, the values of the evaporator thermal power of the refrigerator, which were obtained on the basis of the measured air parameters, were compared with the calculated ones, by using the obtained regression functions. These statistical models were built on the basis of the results of measurements in different operating conditions of the TS-300B refrigerator, both on the test stand in the manufacturer's laboratory and in the workings of underground mines. The evaluation of the measurement data distributions, as well as an analysis of the basic descriptive statistics of the mentioned variables were carried out, determining their measures of central tendency, location, dispersion and asymmetry. Artykuł dotyczy poprawy cieplnych warunków pracy w wyrobiskach górniczych kopalń podziemnych stosujących lokalne systemy chłodnicze. Rozważa się w nim skuteczność schładzania powietrza chłodziarką sprężarkową bezpośredniego działania typu TS-300B. Bardzo często, w wyniku niedotrzymania wymaganych warunków pracy wymienionego systemu chłodzenia powietrza, występują rozbieżności między prognozowanymi, a więc oczekiwanymi efektami jego pracy a rzeczywistością. Dlatego, dla poprawy skuteczności pracy tego systemu, opracowano, pod kątem efektywnego wykorzystania mocy chłodniczej parownika takiej chłodziarki, łatwe w zastosowaniu praktycznym kryteria jakości. Otrzymano je w postaci modeli statystycznych określających wpływ zmiennych niezależnych, tj. parametrów powietrza wlotowego do parownika (temperatury, wilgotności i wydatku objętościowego) oraz parametrów wody chłodzącej skraplacz (temperatury i wydatku objętościowego) na moc cieplną chłodnicy powietrza traktowaną jako zmienna zależna. Równania statystyczne opisujące pracę rozważanego systemu chłodzenia powietrza wyznaczono na podstawie wielorakiej regresji liniowej i nieliniowej. Utworzone funkcje zmodyfikowano poprzez zmianę wartości współczynników w przypadku regresji liniowej oraz współczynników i wykładników w przypadku regresji nieliniowej, przy zmiennych niezależnych. Otrzymano w ten sposób funkcje dogodniejsze w praktycznych wykorzystaniach. Korzystając z metod statystyki klasycznej oceniono jakość dopasowania funkcji regresji do danych eksperymentalnych. Porównano także wartości mocy cieplnych parownika chłodziarki otrzymane na podstawie pomierzonych parametrów powietrza z obliczonymi przy wykorzystaniu utworzonych funkcji regresji. Powyższe modele statystyczne utworzono na podstawie wyników pomiarów w różnych warunków pracy chłodziarki TS-300B, zarówno na stanowisku badawczym w laboratorium jej producenta jak i w wyrobiskach górniczych kopalń podziemnych. Dokonano oceny rozkładów danych pomiarowych oraz przeprowadzono analizę podstawowych statystyk opisowych wymienionych zmiennych określając ich miary przeciętne, pozycyjne, rozrzutu i asymetrii.