Sample records for automatic sprinkler system

  1. 41 CFR 102-80.100 - What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? 102-80.100 Section 102-80.100 Public... Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 102-80.100 What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? The performance objective of the automatic sprinkler system is that it must be capable...

  2. 41 CFR 102-80.100 - What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? 102-80.100 Section 102-80.100 Public... Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 102-80.100 What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? The performance objective of the automatic sprinkler system is that it must be capable...

  3. 41 CFR 102-80.100 - What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? 102-80.100 Section 102-80.100 Public... Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 102-80.100 What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? The performance objective of the automatic sprinkler system is that it must be capable...

  4. 41 CFR 102-80.100 - What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? 102-80.100 Section 102-80.100 Public... Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 102-80.100 What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? The performance objective of the automatic sprinkler system is that it must be capable...

  5. 41 CFR 102-80.100 - What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? 102-80.100 Section 102-80.100 Public... Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 102-80.100 What performance objective should an automatic sprinkler system be capable of meeting? The performance objective of the automatic sprinkler system is that it must be capable...

  6. 29 CFR 1910.159 - Automatic sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers. (5) Hose connections for fire fighting use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic sprinkler systems. 1910.159 Section 1910.159...

  7. 29 CFR 1910.159 - Automatic sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers. (5) Hose connections for fire fighting use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic sprinkler systems. 1910.159 Section 1910.159...

  8. 29 CFR 1910.159 - Automatic sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers. (5) Hose connections for fire fighting use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic sprinkler systems. 1910.159 Section 1910.159...

  9. 29 CFR 1910.159 - Automatic sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers. (5) Hose connections for fire fighting use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic sprinkler systems. 1910.159 Section 1910.159...

  10. 29 CFR 1910.159 - Automatic sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers. (5) Hose connections for fire fighting use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems... 29 Labor 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic sprinkler systems. 1910.159 Section 1910.159...

  11. Medicare and Medicaid programs; fire safety requirements for long term care facilities, automatic sprinkler systems. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2008-08-13

    This final rule requires all long term care facilities to be equipped with sprinkler systems by August 13, 2013. Additionally, this final rule requires affected facilities to maintain their automatic sprinkler systems once they are installed.

  12. DoD Is Not Properly Monitoring the Initiation of Maintenance for Facilities at Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan (REDACTED)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-30

    fire sprinkler system during the initial construction of the RSOI facilities. The construction contract to build the RSOI...International Building Code. Compliant manual and automatic fire alarm and notification systems , portable fire extinguishers, fire sprinkler systems ...automatic fire sprinkler system that was not operational, a fire department connection that was obstructed, and a fire detection system

  13. Engineering and Design: Fire Protection for Helicopter Hangars

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-10-15

    B-5 4.5 ESFR Sprinkler Systems Design Requirements...Early Suppression Fast Response ( ESFR ) sprinklers operating at a minimum discharge pressure of 345 kPa (50 psi). 3.13.2 Conventional automatic sprinkler...using ESFR sprinklers. 4.1.3 Although foam-water sprinkler systems using AFFF generally provide optimum effectiveness in combating a combustible or

  14. 46 CFR 95.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Application. 95.30-1 Section 95.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 95.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkler systems shall...

  15. 46 CFR 95.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application. 95.30-1 Section 95.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 95.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkler systems shall...

  16. 46 CFR 95.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Application. 95.30-1 Section 95.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 95.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkler systems shall...

  17. 46 CFR 95.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Application. 95.30-1 Section 95.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 95.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkler systems shall...

  18. 46 CFR 95.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application. 95.30-1 Section 95.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 95.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkler systems shall...

  19. 46 CFR 80.25 - Notification of safety standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... standards, except the 1966 fire safety standards. (ii) This vessel complies with international safety standards developed prior to 1960. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the... international safety standard. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the passenger...

  20. 46 CFR 80.25 - Notification of safety standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... standards, except the 1966 fire safety standards. (ii) This vessel complies with international safety standards developed prior to 1960. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the... international safety standard. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the passenger...

  1. 46 CFR 80.25 - Notification of safety standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... standards, except the 1966 fire safety standards. (ii) This vessel complies with international safety standards developed prior to 1960. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the... international safety standard. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the passenger...

  2. 46 CFR 80.25 - Notification of safety standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... standards, except the 1966 fire safety standards. (ii) This vessel complies with international safety standards developed prior to 1960. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the... international safety standard. There is (or, is not) an automatic sprinkler system fitted in the passenger...

  3. 46 CFR 34.30-1 - Application-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Application-TB/ALL. 34.30-1 Section 34.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 34.30-1 Application—TB/ALL. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996...

  4. 46 CFR 34.30-1 - Application-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Application-TB/ALL. 34.30-1 Section 34.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 34.30-1 Application—TB/ALL. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996...

  5. 46 CFR 34.30-1 - Application-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application-TB/ALL. 34.30-1 Section 34.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 34.30-1 Application—TB/ALL. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996...

  6. 46 CFR 34.30-1 - Application-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application-TB/ALL. 34.30-1 Section 34.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 34.30-1 Application—TB/ALL. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996...

  7. 46 CFR 34.30-1 - Application-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Application-TB/ALL. 34.30-1 Section 34.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Details § 34.30-1 Application—TB/ALL. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996...

  8. School Fire Protection: Contents Count

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American School and University, 1976

    1976-01-01

    The heart of a fire protection system is the sprinkler system. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) statistics show that automatic sprinklers dramatically reduce fire damage and loss of life. (Author)

  9. 46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

  10. 46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

  11. 46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

  12. 46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

  13. 46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

  14. CONTROL ROOM WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEM CONTROLS, INCLUDING MANUAL CONTROL BOXES ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    CONTROL ROOM WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEM CONTROLS, INCLUDING MANUAL CONTROL BOXES FOR THE VENTILATION SYSTEM AND A PLC SWITCH FOR AUTOMATIC CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) SYSTEM. THE AIR TESTING SYSTEM IS FREE STANDING AND THE FANS ARE COMPUTER-OPERATED. - Alaskan Way Viaduct and Battery Street Tunnel, Seattle, King County, WA

  15. 46 CFR 78.47-13 - Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., and smoke detecting alarm bells. 78.47-13 Section 78.47-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF.... § 78.47-13 Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells. (a) The fire detecting and manual alarm automatic sprinklers, and smoke detecting alarm bells in the...

  16. 46 CFR 78.47-13 - Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., and smoke detecting alarm bells. 78.47-13 Section 78.47-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF.... § 78.47-13 Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells. (a) The fire detecting and manual alarm automatic sprinklers, and smoke detecting alarm bells in the...

  17. 46 CFR 78.47-13 - Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., and smoke detecting alarm bells. 78.47-13 Section 78.47-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF.... § 78.47-13 Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells. (a) The fire detecting and manual alarm automatic sprinklers, and smoke detecting alarm bells in the...

  18. 46 CFR 78.47-13 - Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., and smoke detecting alarm bells. 78.47-13 Section 78.47-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF.... § 78.47-13 Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells. (a) The fire detecting and manual alarm automatic sprinklers, and smoke detecting alarm bells in the...

  19. 46 CFR 78.47-13 - Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., and smoke detecting alarm bells. 78.47-13 Section 78.47-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF.... § 78.47-13 Fire detecting and manual alarm, automatic sprinkler, and smoke detecting alarm bells. (a) The fire detecting and manual alarm automatic sprinklers, and smoke detecting alarm bells in the...

  20. 46 CFR 76.25-35 - Operation and installation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... shall be permitted in these feeders. (d) Where subject to freezing, sprinkler systems shall be of the... expected, sprinkler heads rated at 212 degrees F. shall be used. (g) The automatic sprinkling system and... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION...

  1. 46 CFR 76.25-35 - Operation and installation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... shall be permitted in these feeders. (d) Where subject to freezing, sprinkler systems shall be of the... expected, sprinkler heads rated at 212 degrees F. shall be used. (g) The automatic sprinkling system and... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION...

  2. 46 CFR 76.25-35 - Operation and installation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... shall be permitted in these feeders. (d) Where subject to freezing, sprinkler systems shall be of the... expected, sprinkler heads rated at 212 degrees F. shall be used. (g) The automatic sprinkling system and... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION...

  3. 46 CFR 76.25-35 - Operation and installation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... shall be permitted in these feeders. (d) Where subject to freezing, sprinkler systems shall be of the... expected, sprinkler heads rated at 212 degrees F. shall be used. (g) The automatic sprinkling system and... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION...

  4. 30 CFR 57.4761 - Underground shops.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... an automatic fire suppression system in conjunction with an alternate escape route. The alternative... core, are acceptable provided that an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed that provides... conditions and procedures. (d) Automatic fire suppression system and escape route. If used as an alternative...

  5. 30 CFR 57.4761 - Underground shops.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... an automatic fire suppression system in conjunction with an alternate escape route. The alternative... core, are acceptable provided that an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed that provides... conditions and procedures. (d) Automatic fire suppression system and escape route. If used as an alternative...

  6. 30 CFR 57.4761 - Underground shops.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... an automatic fire suppression system in conjunction with an alternate escape route. The alternative... core, are acceptable provided that an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed that provides... conditions and procedures. (d) Automatic fire suppression system and escape route. If used as an alternative...

  7. 30 CFR 57.4761 - Underground shops.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... an automatic fire suppression system in conjunction with an alternate escape route. The alternative... core, are acceptable provided that an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed that provides... conditions and procedures. (d) Automatic fire suppression system and escape route. If used as an alternative...

  8. 46 CFR 76.05-1 - Fire detecting systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... fitted with an automatic sprinkling system, except in relatively incombustible spaces. 2 Sprinkler heads....1 Offices, lockers, and isolated storerooms Electric, pneumatic, or automatic sprinkling1 Do.1 Public spaces None required with 20-minute patrol. Electric, pneumatic, or automatic sprinkling with 1...

  9. 46 CFR 76.05-1 - Fire detecting systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... fitted with an automatic sprinkling system, except in relatively incombustible spaces. 2 Sprinkler heads....1 Offices, lockers, and isolated storerooms Electric, pneumatic, or automatic sprinkling1 Do.1 Public spaces None required with 20-minute patrol. Electric, pneumatic, or automatic sprinkling with 1...

  10. A common sense approach to sprinklers.

    PubMed

    Passingham, Andy

    2010-03-01

    As debate continues over the importance of incorporating automatic sprinkler systems into healthcare facilities, Andy Passingham, associate director at Arup Fire, considers how Arup, the multi-disciplinary engineers for two high profile new Welsh hospitals under construction in Ebbw Vale and Caerphilly, addressed fire safety on both projects. He highlights how the installation of sprinklers should not only improve fire safety, but has also contributed to a number of wider design elements which should enhance the patient, staff, and visitor experience.

  11. 46 CFR 108.430 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Automatic Sprinkling Systems § 108.430 General. Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996. [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51208, Sept. 30, 1997] Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing...

  12. 46 CFR 108.430 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Automatic Sprinkling Systems § 108.430 General. Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996. [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51208, Sept. 30, 1997] Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing...

  13. 46 CFR 108.430 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Automatic Sprinkling Systems § 108.430 General. Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996. [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51208, Sept. 30, 1997] Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing...

  14. 46 CFR 108.430 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Automatic Sprinkling Systems § 108.430 General. Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996. [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51208, Sept. 30, 1997] Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing...

  15. 46 CFR 108.430 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Automatic Sprinkling Systems § 108.430 General. Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996. [CGD 95-028, 62 FR 51208, Sept. 30, 1997] Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing...

  16. Transformer room fire tests

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fustich, C. D.

    1980-03-01

    A series of transformer room fire tests are reported to demonstate the shock hazard present when automatic sprinklers operate over energized electrical equipment. Fire protection was provided by standard 0.5 inch pendent automatic sprinklers temperature rated at 135 F and installed to give approximately 150 sq ft per head coverage. A 480 v dry transformer was used in the room to provide a three phase, four wire distribution system. It is shown that the induced currents in the test room during the various tests are relatively small and pose no appreciable personnel shock hazard.

  17. 46 CFR 193.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application. 193.30-1 Section 193.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 193.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkling systems shall comply with...

  18. 46 CFR 193.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Application. 193.30-1 Section 193.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 193.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkling systems shall comply with...

  19. 46 CFR 193.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application. 193.30-1 Section 193.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 193.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkling systems shall comply with...

  20. 46 CFR 193.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Application. 193.30-1 Section 193.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 193.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkling systems shall comply with...

  1. 46 CFR 193.30-1 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Application. 193.30-1 Section 193.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkler Systems § 193.30-1 Application. Automatic sprinkling systems shall comply with...

  2. 76 FR 4443 - Privacy Act of 1974; Report of Modified or Altered System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-25

    ... located nearby. The computer room is protected by an automatic sprinkler system, automatic sensors (e.g... 1974; Report of Modified or Altered System of Records AGENCY: National Center for HIV, STD and TB... Services (DHHS). ACTION: Notification of Proposed Altered System of Records. SUMMARY: The Department of...

  3. 46 CFR 76.25-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-5 Zoning. (a) The automatic sprinkling system shall be divided into separate... more than 250 sprinkler heads. (c) The sprinkling zone may cover more than one deck, in which case, the...

  4. 46 CFR 76.25-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-5 Zoning. (a) The automatic sprinkling system shall be divided into separate... more than 250 sprinkler heads. (c) The sprinkling zone may cover more than one deck, in which case, the...

  5. 46 CFR 76.25-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-5 Zoning. (a) The automatic sprinkling system shall be divided into separate... more than 250 sprinkler heads. (c) The sprinkling zone may cover more than one deck, in which case, the...

  6. 46 CFR 76.25-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-5 Zoning. (a) The automatic sprinkling system shall be divided into separate... more than 250 sprinkler heads. (c) The sprinkling zone may cover more than one deck, in which case, the...

  7. 46 CFR 76.25-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-5 Zoning. (a) The automatic sprinkling system shall be divided into separate... more than 250 sprinkler heads. (c) The sprinkling zone may cover more than one deck, in which case, the...

  8. Use of automatic door closers improves fire safety.

    PubMed

    Waterman, T E

    1979-01-01

    In a series of 16 full-scale fire tests, investigators at the IIT Research Institute have concluded that automatic door control in the room of fire origin can significantly reduce the spread of toxic smoke and gases. The researchers also investigated the effects of sprinkler actuation, and the functional relationship between sprinklers and automatic door closers. This report presents the results of the study, and presents recommendations for health-care facilities.

  9. 29 CFR 1910.126 - Additional requirements for special dipping and coating operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... operations from fire, you must have in place: (i) Automatic sprinklers; or (ii) An automatic fire... the alarm set point, you must equip the tank with a circulating cooling system. (5) If the tank has a bottom drain, the bottom drain may be combined with the oil-circulating system. (6) You must not use air...

  10. 29 CFR 1910.126 - Additional requirements for special dipping and coating operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... operations from fire, you must have in place: (i) Automatic sprinklers; or (ii) An automatic fire... the alarm set point, you must equip the tank with a circulating cooling system. (5) If the tank has a bottom drain, the bottom drain may be combined with the oil-circulating system. (6) You must not use air...

  11. 76 FR 4458 - Privacy Act of 1974; Report of Modified or Altered System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-25

    ..., any component of the Department, or any employee of the Department in his or her official capacity; (b... or her individual capacity where the Department of Justice has agreed to represent such employee, for... computer room is protected by an automatic sprinkler system, numerous automatic sensors (e.g., water, heat...

  12. 40 CFR 265.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing... assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams; (c...

  13. 40 CFR 265.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing... assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams; (c...

  14. 40 CFR 265.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing... assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams; (c...

  15. 40 CFR 265.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing... assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams; (c...

  16. 40 CFR 265.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing... assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams; (c...

  17. 46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

  18. 46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

  19. 46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

  20. 46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

  1. 46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

  2. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....160. This section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered under § 1910.159. (b...] Other Fire Protection Systems ... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163...

  3. 29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....160. This section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered under § 1910.159. (b...] Other Fire Protection Systems ... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163...

  4. 30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

  5. 30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

  6. 30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

  7. 30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

  8. 30 CFR 57.4760 - Shaft mines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... heat, smoke, or toxic fumes in the event of a fire. (b) If the destruction of any bulkhead on an..., but without an insulation core, are acceptable if an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed...

  9. 30 CFR 57.4760 - Shaft mines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... heat, smoke, or toxic fumes in the event of a fire. (b) If the destruction of any bulkhead on an..., but without an insulation core, are acceptable if an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed...

  10. 30 CFR 57.4760 - Shaft mines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... heat, smoke, or toxic fumes in the event of a fire. (b) If the destruction of any bulkhead on an..., but without an insulation core, are acceptable if an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed...

  11. 30 CFR 57.4760 - Shaft mines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... heat, smoke, or toxic fumes in the event of a fire. (b) If the destruction of any bulkhead on an..., but without an insulation core, are acceptable if an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed...

  12. 40 CFR 264.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems... communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  13. 40 CFR 264.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems... communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  14. 40 CFR 264.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems... communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  15. 40 CFR 264.32 - Required equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems... communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  16. 36 CFR 1234.10 - What are the facility requirements for all records storage facilities?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the HVAC systems, fire alarm and fire protection systems. Manual switching between sources of service... elements are protected by a properly installed, properly maintained wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system, as... must provide documentation that the facility has a fire suppression system specifically designed to...

  17. 40 CFR 267.32 - What equipment am I required to have?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam-producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  18. 40 CFR 267.32 - What equipment am I required to have?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam-producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  19. 40 CFR 267.32 - What equipment am I required to have?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam-producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  20. 40 CFR 267.32 - What equipment am I required to have?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam-producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  1. 40 CFR 267.32 - What equipment am I required to have?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... supply water hose streams, or foam-producing equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. ... alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to facility...-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire...

  2. 46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

  3. 46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

  4. 46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

  5. 46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

  6. 46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

  7. 46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

  8. 46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

  9. 46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

  10. 46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

  11. 46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

  12. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  13. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  14. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  15. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  16. 46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

  17. 46 CFR 76.25-90 - Installations contracted for prior to September 30, 1997.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system must be in general agreement with NFPA 13 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 76.01-2) insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, sprinkler...

  18. 41 CFR 102-80.95 - Is the Fire Administration Authorization Act of 1992 applicable to all Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... agencies and all Federally owned and leased buildings in the United States. Automatic Sprinkler Systems ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Is the Fire... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  19. 41 CFR 102-80.95 - Is the Fire Administration Authorization Act of 1992 applicable to all Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... agencies and all Federally owned and leased buildings in the United States. Automatic Sprinkler Systems ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Is the Fire... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  20. 46 CFR 76.25-90 - Installations contracted for prior to September 30, 1997.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system must be in general agreement with NFPA 13 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 76.01-2) insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, sprinkler...

  1. 46 CFR 76.25-90 - Installations contracted for prior to September 30, 1997.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system must be in general agreement with NFPA 13 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 76.01-2) insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, sprinkler...

  2. 41 CFR 102-80.95 - Is the Fire Administration Authorization Act of 1992 applicable to all Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... agencies and all Federally owned and leased buildings in the United States. Automatic Sprinkler Systems ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Is the Fire... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  3. 41 CFR 102-80.95 - Is the Fire Administration Authorization Act of 1992 applicable to all Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... agencies and all Federally owned and leased buildings in the United States. Automatic Sprinkler Systems ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Is the Fire... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  4. 41 CFR 102-80.95 - Is the Fire Administration Authorization Act of 1992 applicable to all Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... agencies and all Federally owned and leased buildings in the United States. Automatic Sprinkler Systems ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Is the Fire... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  5. 46 CFR 76.25-90 - Installations contracted for prior to September 30, 1997.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system must be in general agreement with NFPA 13 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 76.01-2) insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, sprinkler...

  6. 46 CFR 76.25-90 - Installations contracted for prior to September 30, 1997.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system must be in general agreement with NFPA 13 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 76.01-2) insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, sprinkler...

  7. 29 CFR 1910.126 - Additional requirements for special dipping and coating operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... sprinklers; or (ii) An automatic fire-extinguishing system conforming to the requirements of subpart L of... the alarm set point, you must equip the tank with a circulating cooling system. (5) If the tank has a bottom drain, the bottom drain may be combined with the oil-circulating system. (6) You must not use air...

  8. 29 CFR 1910.126 - Additional requirements for special dipping and coating operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... sprinklers; or (ii) An automatic fire-extinguishing system conforming to the requirements of subpart L of... the alarm set point, you must equip the tank with a circulating cooling system. (5) If the tank has a bottom drain, the bottom drain may be combined with the oil-circulating system. (6) You must not use air...

  9. 30 CFR 57.4760 - Shaft mines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., but without an insulation core, are acceptable if an automatic sprinkler or deluge system is installed... HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and Control... following means to control the spread of fire, smoke, and toxic gases underground in the event of a fire...

  10. Fire Protection System for an Atrium Satisfies Code Intent

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boehmer, Donald J.; Jensen, Rolf

    1975-01-01

    The Civic Center in Scarborough, Ontario, has an open interior design that incorporates an atrium. Fire protection elements include automatic sprinklers, provisions for efficient exiting of building occupants, and smoke evacuation by gravity exhaust. (Available from 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, $15.00 annually.) (Author/MLF)

  11. Healthcare costs of burn patients from homes without fire sprinklers

    PubMed Central

    Banfield, Joanne; Rehou, Sarah; Gomez, Manuel; Redelmeier, Donald A.; Jeschke, Marc G.

    2014-01-01

    The treatment of burn injuries requires high-cost services for healthcare and society. Automatic fire sprinklers are a preventive measure that can decrease fire injuries, deaths, property damage and environmental toxins. This study’s aim was to conduct a cost-analysis of patients with burn or inhalation injuries due to residential fires, and to compare this to the cost of implementing residential automatic fire sprinklers. We conducted a cohort analysis of adult burn patients admitted to our provincial burn center (1995–2012). Patient demographics and injury characteristics were collected from medical records, and clinical and coroner databases. Resource costs included average cost per day at our intensive care and rehabilitation program, transportation, and property loss. During the study period there were 1,557 residential fire-related deaths province-wide and 1,139 patients were admitted to our provincial burn center due to a flame injury occurring at home. At our burn center, the average cost was CAN$84,678 per patient with a total cost of CAN$96,448,194. All resources totaled CAN$3,605,775,200. This study shows the considerable healthcare costs of burn patients from homes without fire sprinklers. PMID:25412056

  12. 77 FR 34344 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of the Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... known as standard pipes and tubes and are intended for the low-pressure conveyance of water, steam, natural gas, air, and other liquids and gases in plumbing and heating systems, air- conditioning units, automatic sprinkler systems, and other related uses. Standard pipe may also be used for light load-bearing...

  13. 30 CFR 75.1101-8 - Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of... Protection § 75.1101-8 Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers. (a) At least one sprinkler shall... top and bottom belt, shall be installed in each sprinkler system to provide a uniform discharge of...

  14. 30 CFR 75.1101-8 - Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of... Protection § 75.1101-8 Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers. (a) At least one sprinkler shall... top and bottom belt, shall be installed in each sprinkler system to provide a uniform discharge of...

  15. 30 CFR 75.1101-8 - Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of... Protection § 75.1101-8 Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers. (a) At least one sprinkler shall... top and bottom belt, shall be installed in each sprinkler system to provide a uniform discharge of...

  16. 30 CFR 75.1101-8 - Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of... Protection § 75.1101-8 Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers. (a) At least one sprinkler shall... top and bottom belt, shall be installed in each sprinkler system to provide a uniform discharge of...

  17. Sprinkler System Installer. Occupational Analyses Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chinien, Chris; Boutin, France

    This analysis covers tasks performed by a sprinkler system installer, an occupational title some provinces and territories of Canada have also identified as pipefitter--fire protection mechanic specialty; sprinkler and fire protection installer; sprinkler and fire protection systems installer; and sprinkler fitter. A guide to analysis discusses…

  18. Fire Safety Analysis of the Polar Icebreaker Replacement Design. Volume 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-10-01

    report. ; iote : At t tne -3f incident only five or sx men were aboard: therefore, they could not atterrot to attack a fire of this intensmtp t hemse I...fire extinguisher (PKP) AUTOMATIC: A1301 Halon 1301 total flooding system - remotely actuated AF AFFF (3%) sprinkler system - remotely actuated AFM...simulate wind effects, we have found that its judicious use along with the vent and shaft routines allows for the modelling of simple HVAC systems

  19. Sprinkler Body Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Landscape irrigation sprinklers are often installed at sites where the system pressure is higher than what is recommended for the sprinkler body, thus resulting in system inefficiencies. WaterSense labeled sprinkler bodies can address this problem.

  20. 30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

  1. 30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

  2. 30 CFR 75.1101-7 - Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection § 75.1101-7 Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements. (a) The fire-control components of each water sprinkler system shall be installed, as far as practicable in accordance with the... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Installation of water sprinkler systems...

  3. 30 CFR 75.1101-7 - Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection § 75.1101-7 Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements. (a) The fire-control components of each water sprinkler system shall be installed, as far as practicable in accordance with the... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Installation of water sprinkler systems...

  4. 30 CFR 75.1101-7 - Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection § 75.1101-7 Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements. (a) The fire-control components of each water sprinkler system shall be installed, as far as practicable in accordance with the... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Installation of water sprinkler systems...

  5. 30 CFR 75.1101-7 - Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection § 75.1101-7 Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements. (a) The fire-control components of each water sprinkler system shall be installed, as far as practicable in accordance with the... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Installation of water sprinkler systems...

  6. 30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

  7. 30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

  8. 30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

  9. 30 CFR 75.1101-7 - Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Installation of water sprinkler systems... Protection § 75.1101-7 Installation of water sprinkler systems; requirements. (a) The fire-control components of each water sprinkler system shall be installed, as far as practicable in accordance with the...

  10. 30 CFR 75.1101-11 - Inspection of water sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Inspection of water sprinkler systems. 75.1101... COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-11 Inspection of water sprinkler systems. Each water sprinkler system shall be examined weekly and a...

  11. 30 CFR 75.1101-11 - Inspection of water sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Inspection of water sprinkler systems. 75.1101... COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-11 Inspection of water sprinkler systems. Each water sprinkler system shall be examined weekly and a...

  12. 30 CFR 75.1101-11 - Inspection of water sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Inspection of water sprinkler systems. 75.1101... COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-11 Inspection of water sprinkler systems. Each water sprinkler system shall be examined weekly and a...

  13. 30 CFR 75.1101-11 - Inspection of water sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inspection of water sprinkler systems. 75.1101... COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-11 Inspection of water sprinkler systems. Each water sprinkler system shall be examined weekly and a...

  14. 30 CFR 75.1101-11 - Inspection of water sprinkler systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Inspection of water sprinkler systems. 75.1101... COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-11 Inspection of water sprinkler systems. Each water sprinkler system shall be examined weekly and a...

  15. 30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

  16. 30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

  17. 30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

  18. 30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

  19. 30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

  20. Spray Sprinkler Bodies

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Landscape irrigation sprinklers are often installed at sites where the system pressure is higher than what is recommended for the sprinkler nozzle, which can lead to water waste. WaterSense labeled sprinkler bodies help control pressure.

  1. 30 CFR 75.1101-8 - Water sprinkler systems; arrangement of sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire... sprinklers functioning. (d) Each individual sprinkler shall be activated at a temperature of not less than...

  2. 46 CFR 113.20-1 - Sprinkler alarm system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Sprinkler alarm system. 113.20-1 Section 113.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND... sprinkler alarm system, including annunciator, power supply, alarm switches, and bells, must meet Subpart 76...

  3. 46 CFR 113.20-1 - Sprinkler alarm system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Sprinkler alarm system. 113.20-1 Section 113.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND... sprinkler alarm system, including annunciator, power supply, alarm switches, and bells, must meet Subpart 76...

  4. 46 CFR 113.20-1 - Sprinkler alarm system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Sprinkler alarm system. 113.20-1 Section 113.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND... sprinkler alarm system, including annunciator, power supply, alarm switches, and bells, must meet Subpart 76...

  5. 46 CFR 113.20-1 - Sprinkler alarm system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Sprinkler alarm system. 113.20-1 Section 113.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND... sprinkler alarm system, including annunciator, power supply, alarm switches, and bells, must meet Subpart 76...

  6. 46 CFR 113.20-1 - Sprinkler alarm system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Sprinkler alarm system. 113.20-1 Section 113.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND... sprinkler alarm system, including annunciator, power supply, alarm switches, and bells, must meet Subpart 76...

  7. Debunking the Fire Sprinkler Myth.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Connell, Thomas

    1996-01-01

    Sprinklers can protect school buildings, save lives, and actually reduce construction costs. Sprinkler-system costs can be easily offset by insurance savings, as well as by specific alternatives or design options permitted by nationally recognized building codes in view of the superior protection that sprinklers provide. (MLF)

  8. 29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

  9. 29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

  10. 29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

  11. 29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

  12. Sprinklers and shade cool cows and reduce insect-avoidance behavior in pasture-based dairy systems.

    PubMed

    Kendall, P E; Verkerk, G A; Webster, J R; Tucker, C B

    2007-08-01

    The body temperature of dairy cows in pastoral systems during summer reaches a peak during and following the p.m. milking. Shade and sprinklers can be used separately or in combination at the milking parlor to reduce heat load. Farmers anecdotally report that the use of sprinklers reduces irritation from insects that occurs while cows are waiting for milking. Once daily, we assessed the effectiveness of short-term exposure to shade and sprinklers for cooling cows [via respiration rate and body (vaginal) temperature] and reducing insect-avoidance behaviors before the p.m. milking in a pasture-based dairy system. Head position was measured as an indicator of whether cattle were avoiding water from the sprinklers. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into 12 groups (4 cows per group, n = 3 groups/treatment) and were exposed to 1 of 4 treatments for 90 min before the p.m. milking: 1) shade, 2) sprinklers, 3) shade and sprinklers, or 4) uncooled control. Respiration rate was reduced by 30% with shade alone compared with controls [54 vs. 78 +/- 2.3 ( +/- SED) breaths/min, respectively]. Sprinklers alone (30 +/- 2.3 breaths/min) and the combined effects of shade and sprinklers (24 +/- 2.3 breaths/min) reduced the respiration rate by 60 and 67%, respectively, compared with controls. Shaded cows had lower body temperatures during the 90-min treatment period compared with controls (shade: 38.6 degrees C; shade and sprinklers: 38.6 degrees C; control: 38.9 +/- 0.09 degrees C). The decrease in body temperature of cows under sprinklers was more marked than for shade alone and remained lower for at least 4 h after milking (sprinklers: 38.7 degrees C; shade and sprinklers: 38.6 degrees C; shade: 38.9 degrees C; control: 39.2 +/- 0.10 degrees C). The sprinkler treatment reduced the number of tail flicks (control: 12.6 vs. sprinklers: 6.6 +/- 2.4 flicks/min) and hoof stamps (control: 4.4 vs. sprinkler: 2.2 +/- 0.5 stamps/min). Cows exposed to sprinklers spent more time with their heads lowered compared with cows in the shaded and control treatments. The reductions in body temperature and respiration rate attributable to shade and sprinklers were greatest when the temperature-humidity index and heat-load index were > or = 69 and 77, respectively, and cows benefited from cooling when these levels were exceeded.

  13. 38 CFR 17.74 - Standards applicable to medical foster homes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... detectors, and all other elements of a fire alarm system, must be inspected, tested, and maintained in... § 17.1). (h) Sprinkler systems. (1) If a sprinkler system is installed, it must be inspected, tested... sprinkler system is installed in accordance with NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see § 17.1). If a...

  14. 38 CFR 17.74 - Standards applicable to medical foster homes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... detectors, and all other elements of a fire alarm system, must be inspected, tested, and maintained in... § 17.1). (h) Sprinkler systems. (1) If a sprinkler system is installed, it must be inspected, tested... sprinkler system is installed in accordance with NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see § 17.1). If a...

  15. 46 CFR 76.23-25 - Sprinkler heads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Sprinkler heads. 76.23-25 Section 76.23-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-25 Sprinkler heads. (a) Sprinkler heads shall be of an approved...

  16. 46 CFR 76.23-25 - Sprinkler heads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Sprinkler heads. 76.23-25 Section 76.23-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-25 Sprinkler heads. (a) Sprinkler heads shall be of an approved...

  17. 46 CFR 76.23-25 - Sprinkler heads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Sprinkler heads. 76.23-25 Section 76.23-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-25 Sprinkler heads. (a) Sprinkler heads shall be of an approved...

  18. 46 CFR 76.23-25 - Sprinkler heads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Sprinkler heads. 76.23-25 Section 76.23-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-25 Sprinkler heads. (a) Sprinkler heads shall be of an approved...

  19. 46 CFR 76.23-25 - Sprinkler heads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Sprinkler heads. 76.23-25 Section 76.23-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-25 Sprinkler heads. (a) Sprinkler heads shall be of an approved...

  20. On-farm irrigatrion system design and operation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Most commercial blueberry fields are irrigated by overhead sprinklers or drip. Water is typically applied one to two times per week as needed with sprinklers, and every one to three days with drip. Sprinkler systems are relatively simple to install and maintain, and when designed properly, obtain re...

  1. Final construction and testing of an experimental sprinkler/groundwater treatment system for proposed use by the village of Utica, Nebraska.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    2005-06-17

    The testing described above demonstrates that the experimental sprinkler designed by Argonne could be successfully, and safely, used by the Village of Utica for irrigation of the town's playing fields, using contaminated (by carbon tetrachloride) groundwater from the shallow aquifer beneath the town. Routine operation of the sprinkler within the range of parameters identified by the testing program would effectively reduce carbon tetrachloride concentrations in the discharged spray reaching the ground to levels below the MCL (5 {micro}g/l). CCC/USDA and Argonne propose to test use of the experimental sprinkler by the Village of Utica during the next (Summer 2001) growingmore » season, under Argonne supervision. Water will be supplied from the well to the sprinkler drive unit using a temporary, flexible (high-pressure hose) connection. Argonne will provide training to Village staff in the setup and use of the sprinkler, and will conduct periodic monitoring (proposed biweekly, initially) of the watering operations and sampling and analysis of the spray discharge from the unit, to ensure that the specified groundwater cleanup performance of the sprinkler system (to carbon tetrachloride values <5 {micro}g/L) is maintained. If testing of the sprinkler in this manner proves successful during 2001, CCC/USDA will seek to permanently transfer ownership and operation responsibilities for the sprinkler to the Utica Village Board.« less

  2. Effects of Water Sprinklers on the Performance of Low Level AFFF Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-05-22

    AFFF fire suppression system. The combined overhead water-only sprinkler and low level AFFF system is being considered as a new protection scheme for...performance of a low level system during AFFF discharge (4.0 Lpm/sq m (0.1 gpm/sq ft)). Based on the results of these tests, the design criteria for...Navy hangar protection may be revised to incorporate AFFF application from only the low level system, combined with overhead closed-head guide response water sprinklers.

  3. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Design: Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-08-20

    following provisions: • Ceiling sprinkler design area must be increased by 10 percent. ESFR sprinklers must increase the required number to be...Control System ESFR Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers ETL Engineering Technical Letters FAAA Fire Administration Authorization Act FM

  4. 46 CFR 194.10-30 - Magazine sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... shall be installed in each magazine or magazine group. The control valve shall generally be in... control valve. (2) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of part 76 of..., USE, AND CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Magazines § 194.10-30 Magazine sprinklers...

  5. 46 CFR 194.10-30 - Magazine sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... shall be installed in each magazine or magazine group. The control valve shall generally be in... control valve. (2) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of part 76 of..., USE, AND CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Magazines § 194.10-30 Magazine sprinklers...

  6. 46 CFR 194.10-30 - Magazine sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... shall be installed in each magazine or magazine group. The control valve shall generally be in... control valve. (2) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of part 76 of..., USE, AND CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Magazines § 194.10-30 Magazine sprinklers...

  7. 46 CFR 194.10-30 - Magazine sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... shall be installed in each magazine or magazine group. The control valve shall generally be in... control valve. (2) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of part 76 of..., USE, AND CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Magazines § 194.10-30 Magazine sprinklers...

  8. 46 CFR 194.10-30 - Magazine sprinklers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... shall be installed in each magazine or magazine group. The control valve shall generally be in... control valve. (2) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of part 76 of..., USE, AND CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Magazines § 194.10-30 Magazine sprinklers...

  9. Preventing fire-related occupational deaths: residential sprinklers save civilians, property, and firefighters.

    PubMed

    Pollack, Keshia M; Frattaroli, Shannon; Somers, Scott

    2015-02-01

    Residential fires are an important public health problem, with proven strategies to prevent death and injury. Residential sprinkler systems are one such strategy. While the benefits of this technology tend to center on civilian lives and property, there are also benefits for firefighters. The purpose of this article is to describe these benefits and discuss residential sprinkler systems as a strategy to reduce the risk of firefighter injury and death. Because of the benefits for firefighter safety, firefighters' knowledge about fire prevention, and their authority on this topic, firefighters are an essential stakeholder for raising awareness among the public and policymakers about the existence of and benefits associated with residential sprinkler systems. © 2015 SAGE Publications.

  10. Inadequate Contract Oversight of Military Construction Projects in Afghanistan Resulted in Increased Hazards to Life and Safety of Coalition Forces

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-08

    applicable fire protection standards for two of the three projects we reviewed that required a fire sprinkler system . Specifically, the Secure...RSOI and Command and Control facilities do not have fire sprinkler systems as required by Unified Facilities Criteria 3-600-01, Section 4-2.2...stated that, as such, those facilities did not need fire sprinkler systems . Based on the justification provided by the Air Force on the DD Form 1391s

  11. Numerical modeling of water spray suppression of conveyor belt fires in a large-scale tunnel.

    PubMed

    Yuan, Liming; Smith, Alex C

    2015-05-01

    Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to miners. Water sprinkler systems are usually used to extinguish underground conveyor belt fires, but because of the complex interaction between conveyor belt fires and mine ventilation airflow, more effective engineering designs are needed for the installation of water sprinkler systems. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the interaction between the ventilation airflow, the belt flame spread, and the water spray system in a mine entry. The CFD model was calibrated using test results from a large-scale conveyor belt fire suppression experiment. Simulations were conducted using the calibrated CFD model to investigate the effects of sprinkler location, water flow rate, and sprinkler activation temperature on the suppression of conveyor belt fires. The sprinkler location and the activation temperature were found to have a major effect on the suppression of the belt fire, while the water flow rate had a minor effect.

  12. Numerical modeling of water spray suppression of conveyor belt fires in a large-scale tunnel

    PubMed Central

    Yuan, Liming; Smith, Alex C.

    2015-01-01

    Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to miners. Water sprinkler systems are usually used to extinguish underground conveyor belt fires, but because of the complex interaction between conveyor belt fires and mine ventilation airflow, more effective engineering designs are needed for the installation of water sprinkler systems. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the interaction between the ventilation airflow, the belt flame spread, and the water spray system in a mine entry. The CFD model was calibrated using test results from a large-scale conveyor belt fire suppression experiment. Simulations were conducted using the calibrated CFD model to investigate the effects of sprinkler location, water flow rate, and sprinkler activation temperature on the suppression of conveyor belt fires. The sprinkler location and the activation temperature were found to have a major effect on the suppression of the belt fire, while the water flow rate had a minor effect. PMID:26190905

  13. Public opinion concerning residential sprinkler systems for 1- and 2-family homes.

    PubMed

    Frattaroli, Shannon; Pollack, Keshia M; Cook, Phillip J; Salomon, Michele; Omaki, Elise; Gielen, Andrea C

    Residential sprinkler systems (RSS) are one intervention to prevent fire injury and death, yet there is no literature documenting why RSS homeowners opt to purchase a sprinkler-equipped home. This manuscript describes homeowners' decisions to purchase homes with residential sprinkler systems (RSS) and their experiences with the technology. It also compares how RSS homeowners and owners of homes without RSS value sprinklers and their levels of support for policies to mandate RSS in new homes. We used a national online web panel to sample owners of 1- and 2-family homes, and descriptive methods to analyze the resulting data. Our final sample included 1,357 homeowners of 1- and 2-family homes without RSS and 976 homeowners with RSS. RSS homeowners were more likely than owners of non-RSS homes to indicate they would buy an RSS home in the future (75 % vs. 30 %), and more often indicated a willingness to pay for sprinklers (70 % vs. 40 %). RSS homeowners also expressed higher levels of support for policies to mandate RSS in all new 1- and 2-family homes (48 % vs. 19 %). The findings offer insight into educational and policy strategies to promote RSS in all new homes, and provide a foundation for future research in this area.

  14. 78 FR 29384 - Petitions for Modification of Application of Existing Mandatory Safety Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... sprinkler system will not be less than 10 psi with any eight sprinklers open. The supply of water will be... in Routt County, Colorado. Regulation Affected: 30 CFR 75.1101-7(a) (Installation of water sprinkler... of 10 psi. The pressure will not exceed 250 psi when the sprays are operating. 4. Each water...

  15. 46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

  16. 46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

  17. 46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

  18. 46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

  19. Hydraulics of sprinkler and microirrigation systems

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The fluid dynamics of sprinkler and microirrigation systems are complex. Water moves dynamically from the water source through the pump into the pipe network. Water often goes through a series of screens and filters depending on the source and type of irrigation system. From the pipe network, water ...

  20. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  1. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  2. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  3. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  4. Site-specific variable rate irrigation a means to enhance water use efficiency

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The majority of irrigated cropland in the US is watered with sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems are inherently more efficient in distributing water than furrow or flood irrigation. Appropriate system design of sprinkler irrigation equipment, application methods, and farming practices (e.g. ...

  5. Site-specific variable rate irrigation as a means to enhance water use efficiency

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The majority of irrigated cropland in the US is watered with sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems are inherently more efficient in distributing water than furrow or flood irrigation. Appropriate system design of sprinkler irrigation equipment, application methods, and farming practices (e.g. ...

  6. Advanced Distributed Simulation Technology Advanced Rotary Wing Aircraft. System/Segment Specification. Volume 1. Simulation System Module

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-03-31

    overhead water sprinklers in enclosed personnel areas not already protected by existing facility fire suppression systems. Sprinkler systems shall not...facilitate future changes and updates to remain current with the application aircraft. 3.4.4 Availabilit . The ARWA SS shall be designed and constructed to

  7. Methane generation from waste materials

    DOEpatents

    Samani, Zohrab A.; Hanson, Adrian T.; Macias-Corral, Maritza

    2010-03-23

    An organic solid waste digester for producing methane from solid waste, the digester comprising a reactor vessel for holding solid waste, a sprinkler system for distributing water, bacteria, and nutrients over and through the solid waste, and a drainage system for capturing leachate that is then recirculated through the sprinkler system.

  8. Is Your School Truly Fire-Safe?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saunders, Carol Silverman

    1995-01-01

    Though most people assume that their schools are protected by smoke alarms and sprinkler systems, many are not. Older schools can fall through fire-code loopholes. Some schools have insufficient fire detection systems. Sprinkler systems can be too expensive for schools. Parents should educate themselves and insist on fire safety. (SM)

  9. Fire Protection for Libraries.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fortson-James, Judith

    1981-01-01

    This overview of preventive measures that can be taken to help minimize damage to library materials from fire discusses the advantages, disadvantages, dangers, and comparative costs of several types of sprinkler systems, including high-expansion foam, total-flooding, dry- and wet-pipe systems, and on-off sprinkler heads. Five references are…

  10. 38 CFR 17.1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2010 edition), IBR approved for § 17.74. (5) NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes... the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. (For ordering...

  11. 38 CFR 17.1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2010 edition), IBR approved for § 17.74. (5) NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes... the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. (For ordering...

  12. 38 CFR 17.1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2010 edition), IBR approved for § 17.74. (5) NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes... the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. (For ordering...

  13. Collector design for measuring high intensity time variant sprinkler application rates

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Peak water application rate in relation to soil water infiltration rate and soil surface storage capacity is important in the design of center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems for efficient irrigation and soil erosion control. Measurement of application rates of center pivot irrigation systems ha...

  14. Security/Life Safety: A Need for Change.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ellsworth, Douglas

    2003-01-01

    In response to legislation, colleges and universities in several states must prepare to install sprinkler systems. Four basic issues an engineering study should examine include: whether the existing water service has the size, capacity, and pressure to support a sprinkler system; whether the protected facility will have to comply with more…

  15. Integrated Decision Support, Sensor Networks and Adaptive Control for Wireless Site-specific Sprinkler Irrigation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The development of site-specific sprinkler irrigation water management systems will be a major factor in future efforts to improve the various efficiencies of water-use and to support a sustainable irrigated environment. The challenge is to develop fully integrated management systems with supporting...

  16. Integrated decision support, sensor networks and adaptive control for wireless site-specific sprinkler irrigation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The development of site-specific sprinkler irrigation water management systems will be a major factor in future efforts to improve the various efficiencies of water-use and to support a sustainable irrigated environment. The challenge is to develop fully integrated management systems with supporting...

  17. Building systems and smoke control

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kawagoe, K.; Wakamatsu, T.; Morishita, Y.; Yamana, T.

    The cost effectiveness of different approaches to fire prevention - sprinklers and detectors, increased use of smoke control devices, increased flammability standards, increased public education, increase fire prevention efforts, increased public fire services, etc. - need to be studied further as a guide to determining the emphasis appropriate for each. It is clear that detectors and sprinklers are making a difference in the fight to reduce fire losses. With continued effort the detectors' and sprinklers' full potential for saving lives and property from fire can be realized.

  18. Mission Impact Through Neuro-Inspired Design (MIND) Laboratory: Design Principles and Performance Characteristics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-01

    sprinkler , fire alarm, and mass-notification systems ). Piping required for the sprinkler system uses dielectric couplers at each penetration of the...environment for neuroscience research designed for studying Soldier- system interactions in support of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s...Engineers, of Towson, MD, —designed the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and electrical systems ; Hi-Tech Services, Inc., of Ferndale, WA

  19. Sprinklers/Standpipes/Detection Systems. Fire Service Certification Series. Unit FSCS-FF-11-80.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pribyl, Paul F.

    This training unit on sprinklers, standpipes, and detection systems is part of a 17-unit course package written to aid instructors in the development, teaching, and evaluation of fire fighters in the Wisconsin Fire Service Certification Series. The purpose stated for the 6-hour unit is to provide the fire fighter with an understanding of the…

  20. Characteristics of sprinklers and water spray mists for fire safety

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jackman, Louise A.; Lavelle, Stephen P.; Nolan, P. F.

    1991-04-01

    In order to predict the type of sprinkler or spray head required for fire safety in buildings and transport systems (e.g. aircraft) it is necessary to model the interaction of water droplets with the thermally buoyant fire gases. Such modelling requires a detailed knowledge of the mean droplet size, the droplet size distribution, droplet velocity and trajectory. Many existing systems for the characterisation of droplets are indirect in that an optical property is measured and the results are subject to "black box" data processing. A direct method can be developed using a synchronised metal vapour laser and high speed cine camera with appropriate optics. Results on both sprinkler and spray mist will be presented and a basis for the choice of active fire protection systems will be outlined.

  1. Adoption of site-specific variable rate sprinkler irrigation systems

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    More than twenty years of private and public research on site-specific variable-rate sprinkler irrigation (SS-VRI) technology has resulted in limited commercial adoption of the technology. Competing patents, liability and proprietary software have affected industry’s willingness to move into a new t...

  2. Fire Protection for Munitions in Underground Storage Facilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-12-01

    ESFR ) K-25, 165 F (74 C) sprinkler heads, manufactured by Tyco, to provide a discharge density of 0.6 gpm/ft2 (24.4 lpm/m2). The system consisted of...extinguish the fire before adjacent stacks were impacted. Results showed that ESFR K-25 pendant sprinkler heads will operate and inhibit fire spread

  3. Comparing the performance of residential fire sprinklers with other life-safety technologies.

    PubMed

    Butry, David T

    2012-09-01

    Residential fire sprinklers have long proven themselves as life-safety technologies to the fire service community. Yet, about 1% of all one- and two-family dwelling fires occur in homes protected by sprinklers. It has been argued that measured sprinkler performance has ignored factors confounding the relationship between sprinkler use and performance. In this analysis, sprinkler performance is measured by comparing 'like' structure fires, while conditioning on smoke detection technology and neighborhood housing and socioeconomic conditions, using propensity score matching. Results show that residential fire sprinklers protect occupant and firefighter health and safety, and are comparable to other life-safety technologies. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  4. Laser precipitation monitor for measurement of drop size and velocity of moving spray-plate sprinklers

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Sprinkler drop size distribution and associated drop velocities have a major influence on sprinkler performance in regards to application intensity, uniformity of water application, wind drift, evaporation losses and kinetic energy transferred to the soil surface. Sprinkler drop size measurements a...

  5. Fast-acting sprinkler system design considerations for propellant manufacture

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matthews, A. L.; Crable, J. M.; Kristoff, P. T.

    1984-08-01

    Fast-acting sprinkler systems for detection and suppression of fires in propellant operations, which require activation in the millisecond range in order to be effective, can be easily defeated unless particular attention is paid to design and maintenance details. Of primary consideration are detector selection and placement in processes to minimize the effect of environmental influences. Also important are nozzle placement, water flow density, water supply pressure, and pattern and sloping of piping. When all of these design criteria are properly implemented, water application can occur within 100 ms of fire detection.

  6. Irrigation Sprinklers Notice of Intent

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    High-efficiency irrigation sprinklers aim to deliver water more evenly to the landscape than traditional sprinklers and/or regulate outlet pressure to ensure a constant flow rate over a range of supply pressures.

  7. The development of fire evaluation system for detention and correctional occupancies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nelson, H. E.; Shibe, A. J.

    1984-12-01

    A fire safety evaluation system for detention and correctional occupancies was developed. It can be used for determining if a facility has fire safety equivalent to that obtained by meeting the requirement of a given code. The system was calibrated for use with proposed chapters for detention and correctional occupancies of the Life Safety Code (1985). There are separate sets of requirements for each of four use conditions: one for zoned egress, one for zoned impeded egress, one for impeded egress, and one for contained. Within each set, there are two levels of evaluation: one for partially sprinklered and nonsprinklered buildings, and one for totally sprinklered buildings.

  8. Updating fire safety standards. Final rule; affirmation.

    PubMed

    2011-11-16

    This document affirms as final, without changes, a provision included in a final rule with request for comments that amended the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) regulations concerning community residential care facilities, contract facilities for certain outpatient and residential services, and State home facilities. That provision established a five-year period within which all covered buildings with nursing home facilities existing as of June 25, 2001, must conform to the automatic sprinkler requirement of the 2009 edition of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101. This rule helps ensure the safety of veterans in the affected facilities.

  9. Erosion: Irrigation-induced

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Soil can be eroded by sprinkler or surface irrigation. Once sprinkler droplet kinetic energy detaches soil, overland flow transports the sediment downslope and off-site. Protecting the soil surface, increasing sprinkler wetted diameters, and tilling to increase infiltration and thereby lessen overla...

  10. Fire protection review revisit no. 2, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dobson, P. H.; Earley, M. W.; Mattern, L. J.

    1985-05-01

    A fire protection survey was conducted at Argonne National Laboratory on April 1-5, 8-12, and April 29-May 2, 1985. The purpose was to review the facility fire protection program and to make recommendations or identify areas according to criteria established by the Department of Energy. There has been a substantial improvement in fire protection at this laboratory since the 1977 audit. Numerous areas which were previously provided with detection systems only have since been provided with automatic sprinkler protection. The following basic fire protection features are not properly controlled: (1) resealing wall and floor penetrations between fire areas after installation of services; (2) cutting and welding; and (3) housekeeping. The present Fire Department manpower level appears adequate to control a route fire. Their ability to adequately handle a high-challenge fire, or one involving injuries to personnel, or fire spread beyond the initial fire area is doubtful.

  11. Intelligent irrigation performance: evaluation and quantifying its ability for conserving water in arid region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Al-Ghobari, Hussein M.; Mohammad, Fawzi S.

    2011-12-01

    Intelligent irrigation technologies have been developed in recent years to apply irrigation to turf and landscape plants. These technologies are an evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation controller, which calculates ET for local microclimate. Then, the controller creates a program for loading and communicating automatically with drip or sprinkler system controllers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the new ET sensors in ability to irrigate agricultural crops and to conserve water use for crop in arid climatic conditions. This paper presents the case for water conservation using intelligent irrigation system (IIS) application technology. The IIS for automating irrigation scheduling was implemented and tested with sprinkle and drip irrigation systems to irrigate wheat and tomato crops. Another irrigation scheduling system was also installed and operated as another treatment, which is based on weather data that retrieved from an automatic weather station. This irrigation control system was running in parallel to the former system (IIS) to be control experiments for comparison purposes. However, this article discusses the implementation of IIS, its installation, testing and calibration of various components. The experiments conducted for one growing season 2009-2010 and the results were represented and discussed herein. Data from all plots were analyzed, which were including soil water status, water consumption, and crop yield. The initial results indicate that up to 25% water saving by intelligent irrigation compared to control method, while maintaining competing yield. Results show that the crop evapotranspiration values for control experiments were higher than that of ET-System in consistent trend during whole growth season. The analysis points out that the values of the two treatments were somewhat close to each other's only in the initial development stages. Generally, the ET-System, with some modification was precise in controlling irrigation water and has been proven to be a good mean to determine the water requirements for crops and to schedule irrigation automatically.

  12. Grassroots movement building and preemption in the campaign for residential fire sprinklers.

    PubMed

    Pertschuk, Mark; Hobart, Robin; Paloma, Marjorie; Larkin, Michelle A; Balbach, Edith D

    2013-10-01

    Home fires account for 85% of fire deaths in the United States, the majority in 1- or 2-family homes lacking fire sprinklers. Since 1978, however, a grassroots movement has successfully promoted more than 360 local ordinances mandating sprinklers in all new residential construction, including 1- and 2-family homes. The homebuilding industry has responded by seeking state preemption of local authority, a strategy previously used by other industries concerned about protecting their profits. From 2009 through 2011, 13 states adopted laws eliminating or limiting local authority over residential fire sprinklers. This study of the residential sprinkler movement adds to our understanding of grassroots public health movements and provides additional evidence that preemption can have a negative impact on public health and safety.

  13. Nitrogen loss from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Loss of nitrogen from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent can be costly for both the producer and the environment. Sprinkler application of effluent is common throughout the Great Plains, though little work has occurred focusing specifically on N losses from beef feedlot effluent. The objectives...

  14. Advances in sprinkler irrigation management

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Sprinkler irrigation is being increasingly adopted in the US and worldwide because it offers increased crop water productivity over what is possible with gravity irrigation. Most sprinkler irrigation is by center pivot, which is presently used on about 50 and 80 percent of land irrigated in the US a...

  15. Moving spray-plate center-pivot sprinkler rating index for assessing runoff potential

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Numerous moving spray-plate center-pivot sprinklers are commercially available providing a range of drop size distributions and wetted diameters. A means to quantitatively compare sprinkler choices in regards to maximizing infiltration and minimizing runoff is currently lacking. The objective of thi...

  16. Thermal actuation of extinguishing systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Evans, D. D.

    1984-03-01

    A brief review of the Response Time Index (RTI) method of characterizing the thermal response of commercial sprinklers and heat detectors is presented. Measured ceiling layer flow temperature and velocity histories from a bedroom fire test are used to illustrate the use of RTI in calculating sprinkler operation times. In small enclosure fires, a quiescent warm gas layer confined by the room walls may accumulate below the ceiling before sprinkler operation. The effects of this warm gas layer on the fire plume and ceiling jet flows are accounted for by substitution of an equivalent point source fire. Encouraging agreement was found between measured ceiling jet temperatures from steady fires in a laboratory scale cylindrical enclosure put into dimensionless form based on parameters of the substitute fire source, and existing empirical correlations from fire tests in large enclosures in which a quiescent warm upper gas layer does not accumulate.

  17. Grassroots Movement Building and Preemption in the Campaign for Residential Fire Sprinklers

    PubMed Central

    Hobart, Robin; Paloma, Marjorie; Larkin, Michelle A.; Balbach, Edith D.

    2013-01-01

    Home fires account for 85% of fire deaths in the United States, the majority in 1- or 2-family homes lacking fire sprinklers. Since 1978, however, a grassroots movement has successfully promoted more than 360 local ordinances mandating sprinklers in all new residential construction, including 1- and 2-family homes. The homebuilding industry has responded by seeking state preemption of local authority, a strategy previously used by other industries concerned about protecting their profits. From 2009 through 2011, 13 states adopted laws eliminating or limiting local authority over residential fire sprinklers. This study of the residential sprinkler movement adds to our understanding of grassroots public health movements and provides additional evidence that preemption can have a negative impact on public health and safety. PMID:23948005

  18. Clothing Flammability and Burn Injuries: Public Opinion Concerning an Overlooked, Preventable Public Health Problem.

    PubMed

    Frattaroli, Shannon; Spivak, Steven M; Pollack, Keshia M; Gielen, Andrea C; Salomon, Michele; Damant, Gordon H

    2016-01-01

    The objective of this study was to describe knowledge of clothing flammability risk, public support for clothing flammability warning labels, and stronger regulation to reduce the risk. As part of a national survey of homeowners about residential sprinkler systems, the authors included questions about clothing flammability. The authors used an online web panel to sample homeowners and descriptive methods to analyze the resulting data. The sample included 2333 homeowners. Knowledge of clothing flammability and government oversight of clothing flammability risk was low. Homeowners were evenly split about the effectiveness of current standards; however, when presented with clothing-related burn injury and death data, a majority (53%) supported stricter standards. Most homeowners (64%) supported warning labels and indicated that such labels would either have no effect on their purchasing decisions (64%) or be an incentive (24%) to purchase an item. Owners of sprinkler-equipped homes were more likely to support these interventions than owners of homes without sprinkler systems. Public knowledge about clothing flammability risks is low. Most homeowners supported clothing labels to inform consumers of this risk and increased government intervention to reduce the risk.

  19. Microirrigation

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Microirrigation is a low-pressure, low-flow-rate form of irrigation that can reduce the likelihood of overwatering a landscape. Microirrigation systems use 20 to 50 percent less water than conventional sprinkler systems.

  20. Fire safety evaluation system for NASA office/laboratory buildings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nelson, H. E.

    1986-11-01

    A fire safety evaluation system for office/laboratory buildings is developed. The system is a life safety grading system. The system scores building construction, hazardous areas, vertical openings, sprinklers, detectors, alarms, interior finish, smoke control, exit systems, compartmentation, and emergency preparedness.

  1. Cooling cows efficiently with water spray: Behavioral, physiological, and production responses to sprinklers at the feed bunk.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jennifer M; Schütz, Karin E; Tucker, Cassandra B

    2016-06-01

    Dairies commonly mount nozzles above the feed bunk that intermittently spray cows to dissipate heat. These sprinklers use potable water-an increasingly scarce resource-but there is little experimental evidence for how much is needed to cool cows in loose housing. Sprinkler flow rate may affect the efficacy of heat abatement, cattle avoidance of spray (particularly on the head), and water waste. Our objectives were to determine how sprinkler flow rate affects cattle behavioral, physiological, and production responses when cows are given 24-h access to spray in freestall housing, and to evaluate heat abatement in relation to water use. We compared 3 treatments: sprinklers that delivered 1.3 or 4.9L/min (both 3min on and 9min off, 24h/d) and an unsprayed control. Nine pairs of high-producing lactating Holstein cows received each treatment at a shaded feed bunk for 2d in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design [air temperature (T): 24-h maximum=33±3°C, mean ± SD]. Cows spent 5.8±0.9h/24h (mean ± SD) at the feed bunk overall, regardless of treatment. With few exceptions, cows responded similarly to the 1.3 and 4.9L/min flow rates. Sprinklers resulted in visits to the feed bunk that were on average 23 to 27% longer and 13 to 16% less frequent compared with the control, perhaps because cows avoided walking through spray. Indeed, when the sprinklers were on, cows left the feed bunk half as often as expected by chance, and when cows chose to walk through spray, they lowered their heads on average 1.7- to 3-fold more often than in the control. Despite possible reluctance to expose their heads to spray, cows did not avoid sprinklers overall. In warmer weather, cows spent more time at the feed bunk when it had sprinklers (on average 19 to 21min/24h for each 1°C increase in T), likely for heat abatement benefits. Compared with the control, sprinklers resulted in 0.3 to 0.7°C lower body temperature from 1300 to 1500h and 1700 to 2000h overall and attenuated the rise in this measure on warmer days (for each 10°C increase in T, body temperature increased by on average 0.5 to 0.7°C with sprinklers vs. 1.6°C without). Sprinkler access also resulted in milk yield that was, on average, 3.3 to 3.7kg/24h higher than in the control treatment. In this hot and dry climate, 1.3L/min cooled cows more efficiently than 4.9L/min, as the lower flow rate achieved equivalent reduction in body temperature and increase in milk yield relative to no spray, despite using 73% less water. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Behaviour of bentazon as influenced by water and tillage management in rice-growing conditions.

    PubMed

    López-Piñeiro, Antonio; Peña, David; Albarrán, Ángel; Sánchez-Llerena, Javier; Rato-Nunes, José Manuel; Rozas, María Ángeles

    2017-06-01

    Bentazon is a widely used herbicide in rice agroecosystems that has commonly been found in water resources. To assess how tillage and water regimes affect sorption/desorption, dissipation and leaching of bentazon in Mediterranean rice-growing conditions, field experiments were carried out using tillage and flooding (TF), tillage and sprinkler irrigation (TS), no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS) and long-term no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). After 3 years, the K d values in TS were 2.3, 1.6 and 1.7 times lower than the values in NTS7, NTS and TF respectively. Greater sorption of bentazon was related to higher contents in total organic carbon and, although to a lesser extent, in humic acids and dissolved organic carbon. The persistence of bentazon was significantly greater under anaerobic (half-life DT 50 = 94.1-135 days) than under aerobic (DT 50 = 42.4-91.3 days) incubation conditions for all management regimes. Leaching losses of bentazon were reduced from 78 and 74% in TS and TF to 61 and 62% in NTS7 and NTS respectively. The mid- and long-term implementation of sprinkler irrigation in combination with no-tillage could be considered a management system that is effective at reducing water contamination by bentazon in Mediterranean rice-growing agroecosystems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  3. 32 CFR 644.450 - Items excluded from usual restoration obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., ventilators, and metal ceilings. (8) Structural steel or iron. (9) Fire escapes. (10) Heating systems. (11) Plumbing systems. (12) Ventilating systems and air conditioning systems. (13) Power plants. (14) Electric wiring. (15) Lighting fixtures (or replacement). (16) Sprinkler systems. (f) Settling or subsidence. (g...

  4. 32 CFR 644.450 - Items excluded from usual restoration obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., ventilators, and metal ceilings. (8) Structural steel or iron. (9) Fire escapes. (10) Heating systems. (11) Plumbing systems. (12) Ventilating systems and air conditioning systems. (13) Power plants. (14) Electric wiring. (15) Lighting fixtures (or replacement). (16) Sprinkler systems. (f) Settling or subsidence. (g...

  5. 32 CFR 644.450 - Items excluded from usual restoration obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., ventilators, and metal ceilings. (8) Structural steel or iron. (9) Fire escapes. (10) Heating systems. (11) Plumbing systems. (12) Ventilating systems and air conditioning systems. (13) Power plants. (14) Electric wiring. (15) Lighting fixtures (or replacement). (16) Sprinkler systems. (f) Settling or subsidence. (g...

  6. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not.... (3) Systems otherwise covered in paragraph (a)(2) of this section which are installed in areas with... light levels, on all extinguishing systems in those portions of the workplace covered by the...

  7. Assessing groundwater quality for irrigation using indicator kriging method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Delbari, Masoomeh; Amiri, Meysam; Motlagh, Masoud Bahraini

    2016-11-01

    One of the key parameters influencing sprinkler irrigation performance is water quality. In this study, the spatial variability of groundwater quality parameters (EC, SAR, Na+, Cl-, HCO3 - and pH) was investigated by geostatistical methods and the most suitable areas for implementation of sprinkler irrigation systems in terms of water quality are determined. The study was performed in Fasa county of Fars province using 91 water samples. Results indicated that all parameters are moderately to strongly spatially correlated over the study area. The spatial distribution of pH and HCO3 - was mapped using ordinary kriging. The probability of concentrations of EC, SAR, Na+ and Cl- exceeding a threshold limit in groundwater was obtained using indicator kriging (IK). The experimental indicator semivariograms were often fitted well by a spherical model for SAR, EC, Na+ and Cl-. For HCO3 - and pH, an exponential model was fitted to the experimental semivariograms. Probability maps showed that the risk of EC, SAR, Na+ and Cl- exceeding the given critical threshold is higher in lower half of the study area. The most proper agricultural lands for sprinkler irrigation implementation were identified by evaluating all probability maps. The suitable areas for sprinkler irrigation design were determined to be 25,240 hectares, which is about 34 percent of total agricultural lands and are located in northern and eastern parts. Overall the results of this study showed that IK is an appropriate approach for risk assessment of groundwater pollution, which is useful for a proper groundwater resources management.

  8. Fighting Fire with Fire.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spoor, Dana L.

    1996-01-01

    School districts are integrating security and life-safety systems into school buildings to protect students and property. This proactive approach includes sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and security systems that monitor door movement. Some school districts that are incorporating the latest life-safety technology are in Missouri, Ohio, California,…

  9. Linking Water Pathways and Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter at the Hillslope Scale: A 24-Day Sprinkling Experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Verseveld, W. J.; Graham, C. B.; Barnard, H. R.; McDonnell, J. J.; Lajtha, K.; Brooks, R. J.; Bond, B. J.

    2006-12-01

    The link between water flow paths, dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources and DOM production is poorly understood. The few investigations that have explored such relations in forest systems have relied passively on natural rainfall and drainage events. As a result, it has been difficult to identify the first order controls on water- biogeochemical processes. While we often assume an unlimited supply of DOM in our hydro-biogeochemical models, few studies have explicitly tested this. This work reports on a 24-day sprinkler experiment in Watershed-10 at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon, USA. Our research objectives were: (1) To quantify the labile DOM pool in the upper soil layers at the hillslope scale, (2) To resolve the dominant flowpath at the hillslope scale that flush DOM from the soil profile to the stream channel, and (3) quantify the mixing between sprinkler water and hillslope subsurface flux. We injected 0,8 L of 100% deuterium into the sprinkler water for 24 hours and sampled soil and groundwater at daily to 2 days intervals throughout the 24 day experiment. We extracted 10 soil samples each week from the test hillslope and an adjacent similar reference plot and incubated them to quantify potential N mineralization and supply of organic carbon and nitrogen. Preliminary results suggested that DOM was transport-limited during the sprinkler experiment. Shallow lateral flow through the unsaturated zone; at 30 cm depth was very likely the dominant DOM pathway to the stream for the first two days (and 95 mm of sprinkled water) of the sprinkler experiment. After more than 4 days (and 395 mm of sprinkled water), saturation occurred at 100 cm, and deeper flowpaths became activated. These results challenge many of the assumptions in hydro-biogeochemical models where an unlimited supply of DOM is usually assumed.

  10. 30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

  11. 30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

  12. 30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

  13. 30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

  14. 30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

  15. An Assessment of Irrigation Technology Performance in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vaux, H. J., Jr.; Handley, Dale F.; Giboney, Paul M.

    1990-01-01

    Seasonal applied water measurements were obtained for 1710 irrigated fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Most of the fields were planted to one of five major crops: citrus, almonds, grapes, cotton, and small grains. These crops were irrigated with a wide array of irrigation technologies, including drip, sprinkler, furrows with tailwater reuse facilities, conventional furrows, and border irrigation systems. The data were analyzed within an accounting framework to standardize for a variety of climatic and cultural variations. Analyses of the mean depths of applied water by crop and irrigation technology and of the standardized results reveal that drip irrigation systems were associated with the lowest levels of applied water on permanent crops and that the levels of water applied with sprinklers did not differ significantly from those applied with surface systems on either permanent or annual crops.

  16. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  17. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  18. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  19. 29 CFR 1910.160 - Fixed extinguishing systems, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... sprinkler systems which are covered by § 1910.159. (2) This section also applies to fixed systems not... flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, general. 1910.160 Section 1910...

  20. 46 CFR 95.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... in special cases: (1) A fixed foam system may be used in cargo tanks. (2) A water sprinkling system.... Alternately, the Commandant may permit the installation of an approved water sprinkler system or other... is contracted for on or after November 19, 1952, a fixed carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray system...

  1. 46 CFR 95.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... in special cases: (1) A fixed foam system may be used in cargo tanks. (2) A water sprinkling system.... Alternately, the Commandant may permit the installation of an approved water sprinkler system or other... is contracted for on or after November 19, 1952, a fixed carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray system...

  2. 46 CFR 95.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... in special cases: (1) A fixed foam system may be used in cargo tanks. (2) A water sprinkling system.... Alternately, the Commandant may permit the installation of an approved water sprinkler system or other... is contracted for on or after November 19, 1952, a fixed carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray system...

  3. 46 CFR 95.05-10 - Fixed fire extinguishing systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... in special cases: (1) A fixed foam system may be used in cargo tanks. (2) A water sprinkling system.... Alternately, the Commandant may permit the installation of an approved water sprinkler system or other... is contracted for on or after November 19, 1952, a fixed carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray system...

  4. 46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) NFPA 13-1996, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  5. 46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) NFPA 13-1996, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  6. Zone edge effects with variable rate irrigation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems may offer solutions to enhance water use efficiency by addressing variability within a field. However, the design of VRI systems should be considered to maximize application uniformity within sprinkler zones, while minimizing edge effects between such zones alo...

  7. Effect of irrigation and silicon fertilizer on total rice grain arsenic content and yield

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Field tests were conducted for two years with rice grown with different irrigation systems and rates of calcium silicate fertilizer to determine the effects on brown rice arsenic (As) levels and rough rice yields. Irrigation systems were sprinkler irrigation using a center pivot system, intermitten...

  8. 29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

  9. 29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

  10. Halon Gas and Library Fire Protection.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pacey, Antony

    1991-01-01

    Describes the operation of halon gas fire extinguishing systems, which have been installed in a number of libraries and archives across Canada where protection of special collections from water and mold damage resulting from operation of a standard water sprinkler system is paramount. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of system are…

  11. 29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

  12. 29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

  13. Assessing application uniformity of a variable rate irrigation system in a windy location

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems are commercially available and can easily be retrofitted onto moving sprinkler systems. However, there are few reports on the application performance of such equipment. In this study, application uniformity of two center pivots equipped with a commercial VRI sy...

  14. 46 CFR 112.15-5 - Final emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... or gas turbines that drive emergency generators; and (3) General alarm batteries. (d) One of the... of the subchapter under which the vessel is certificated. (f) Each sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, or foam system pump. (g) If necessary, the lube oil pump for each propulsion turbine and...

  15. 46 CFR 112.15-5 - Final emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... or gas turbines that drive emergency generators; and (3) General alarm batteries. (d) One of the... of the subchapter under which the vessel is certificated. (f) Each sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, or foam system pump. (g) If necessary, the lube oil pump for each propulsion turbine and...

  16. 46 CFR 112.15-5 - Final emergency loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... or gas turbines that drive emergency generators; and (3) General alarm batteries. (d) One of the... of the subchapter under which the vessel is certificated. (f) Each sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, or foam system pump. (g) If necessary, the lube oil pump for each propulsion turbine and...

  17. Fire!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Rebecca

    1996-01-01

    The number of school fires is up nationwide. This article describes unsafe school conditions, problems with new fire codes, and the factors that contribute to school fires. Installation of sprinkler systems is recommended. A fire-safety checklist is included. (LMI)

  18. 9 CFR 3.52 - Facilities, outdoor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... °F. artificial cooling shall be provided by a sprinkler system or other means. (b) Shelter from rain... during rain or snow. (c) Shelter from cold weather. Shelter shall be provided for all rabbits kept...

  19. 9 CFR 3.52 - Facilities, outdoor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... °F. artificial cooling shall be provided by a sprinkler system or other means. (b) Shelter from rain... during rain or snow. (c) Shelter from cold weather. Shelter shall be provided for all rabbits kept...

  20. 9 CFR 3.52 - Facilities, outdoor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... °F. artificial cooling shall be provided by a sprinkler system or other means. (b) Shelter from rain... during rain or snow. (c) Shelter from cold weather. Shelter shall be provided for all rabbits kept...

  1. 9 CFR 3.52 - Facilities, outdoor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... °F. artificial cooling shall be provided by a sprinkler system or other means. (b) Shelter from rain... during rain or snow. (c) Shelter from cold weather. Shelter shall be provided for all rabbits kept...

  2. Diagnosing Trouble Spots Caused by an Irrigation System

    Treesearch

    John R. Scholtes

    2002-01-01

    I discuss a testing procedure to determine the water distribution pattern of a sprinkler irrigation system and steps that may be taken to improve uniformity of application. All irrigation systems require testing and maintenance to assure that water application is as uniform as possible. Even new systems installed to a manufacturer's specifications should be "...

  3. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  4. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  5. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  6. 34 CFR 668.49 - Institutional fire safety policies and fire statistics.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... fire. Fire safety system: Any mechanism or system related to the detection of a fire, the warning resulting from a fire, or the control of a fire. This may include sprinkler systems or other fire extinguishing systems, fire detection devices, stand-alone smoke alarms, devices that alert one to the presence...

  7. A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content.

    PubMed

    da Costa, Eduardo Ferreira; de Oliveira, Nestor E; Morais, Flávio J O; Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro; Duarte, Luis Fernando C; Cabot, Andreu; Siqueira Dias, J A

    2017-03-12

    We present here the design and fabrication of a self-powered and autonomous fringing field capacitive sensor to measure soil water content. The sensor is manufactured using a conventional printed circuit board and includes a porous ceramic. To read the sensor, we use a circuit that includes a 10 kHz triangle wave generator, an AC amplifier, a precision rectifier and a microcontroller. In terms of performance, the sensor's capacitance (measured in a laboratory prototype) increases up to 5% when the volumetric water content of the porous ceramic changed from 3% to 36%, resulting in a sensitivity of S = 15.5 pF per unity change. Repeatability tests for capacitance measurement showed that the θ v sensor's root mean square error is 0.13%. The average current consumption of the system (sensor and signal conditioning circuit) is less than 1.5 μ A, which demonstrates its suitability for being powered by energy harvesting systems. We developed a complete irrigation control system that integrates the sensor, an energy harvesting module composed of a microgenerator installed on the top of a micro sprinkler spinner, and a DC/DC converter circuit that charges a 1 F supercapacitor. The energy harvesting module operates only when the micro sprinkler spinner is irrigating the soil, and the supercapacitor is fully charged to 5 V in about 3 h during the first irrigation. After the first irrigation, with the supercap fully charged, the system can operate powered only by the supercapacitor for approximately 23 days, without any energy being harvested.

  8. A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content

    PubMed Central

    da Costa, Eduardo Ferreira; de Oliveira, Nestor E.; Morais, Flávio J. O.; Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro; Duarte, Luis Fernando C.; Cabot, Andreu; Siqueira Dias, J. A.

    2017-01-01

    We present here the design and fabrication of a self-powered and autonomous fringing field capacitive sensor to measure soil water content. The sensor is manufactured using a conventional printed circuit board and includes a porous ceramic. To read the sensor, we use a circuit that includes a 10 kHz triangle wave generator, an AC amplifier, a precision rectifier and a microcontroller. In terms of performance, the sensor’s capacitance (measured in a laboratory prototype) increases up to 5% when the volumetric water content of the porous ceramic changed from 3% to 36%, resulting in a sensitivity of S=15.5 pF per unity change. Repeatability tests for capacitance measurement showed that the θv sensor’s root mean square error is 0.13%. The average current consumption of the system (sensor and signal conditioning circuit) is less than 1.5 μA, which demonstrates its suitability for being powered by energy harvesting systems. We developed a complete irrigation control system that integrates the sensor, an energy harvesting module composed of a microgenerator installed on the top of a micro sprinkler spinner, and a DC/DC converter circuit that charges a 1 F supercapacitor. The energy harvesting module operates only when the micro sprinkler spinner is irrigating the soil, and the supercapacitor is fully charged to 5 V in about 3 h during the first irrigation. After the first irrigation, with the supercap fully charged, the system can operate powered only by the supercapacitor for approximately 23 days, without any energy being harvested. PMID:28287495

  9. 46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) NFPA 13-1996, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”), incorporation by... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  10. 46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) NFPA 13-1996, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”), incorporation by... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  11. 73. TORPEDO WORK SHOP FORWARD LOOKING AFT SHOWING TORPEDO ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    73. TORPEDO WORK SHOP - FORWARD LOOKING AFT SHOWING TORPEDO ELEVATOR, HIGH PRESSURE AIR REDUCING STATION, SCUTTLEBUTT, TORPEDO AFTERBODY WORKSHOP, OVERHEAD CHAIN MOIST AND RAIL SYSTEM AND OVERHEAD SPRINKLER SYSTEM. - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

  12. Irrigation Controllers Specification and Certification

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    WaterSense labeled irrigation controllers, which act like a thermostat for your sprinkler system telling it when to turn on and off, use local weather and landscape conditions to tailor watering schedules to actual conditions on the site.

  13. 46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Design and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  14. 46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Design and Engineering Systems, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE...

  15. Efficient irrigation management with conventional and VRI sprinkler systems

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    In Alabama, there is a ploitical push towards irrigated agriculture, as reduction in water resources for agriculture in the West becomes more limited. Some farmers have invested in center pivot systems but have little experience with irrigation scheduling methods. ARS scientists at Bushland have e...

  16. A comparison of precision mobile drip irrigation, LESA and LEPA

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Precision mobile drip irrigation (PMDI) is a surface drip irrigation system fitted onto moving sprinkler systems that applies water through the driplines as they are dragged across the field. This application method can conserve water by limiting runoff, and reducing evaporative losses since the wat...

  17. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 1234 - Alternative Certified Fire-Safety Detection and Suppression System(s)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the system at the base of the main sprinkler riser. l. Fire hydrants must be located within 250 feet... Suppression System(s) 1. General. This Appendix B contains information on the Fire-safety Detection and Suppression System(s) tested by NARA through independent live fire testing that are certified to meet the...

  18. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 1234 - Alternative Certified Fire-Safety Detection and Suppression System(s)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the system at the base of the main sprinkler riser. l. Fire hydrants must be located within 250 feet... Suppression System(s) 1. General. This Appendix B contains information on the Fire-safety Detection and Suppression System(s) tested by NARA through independent live fire testing that are certified to meet the...

  19. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 1234 - Alternative Certified Fire-Safety Detection and Suppression System(s)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the system at the base of the main sprinkler riser. l. Fire hydrants must be located within 250 feet... Suppression System(s) 1. General. This Appendix B contains information on the Fire-safety Detection and Suppression System(s) tested by NARA through independent live fire testing that are certified to meet the...

  20. Self-Contained AFFF Sprinkler System,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-05-01

    aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ). Such systems are...supply. Extinguishing Agents All fire tests were run with a pre-mixed solution of 6% aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ) agent in accordance with MIL-F...Applying Aqueous Film Forming Foam on Large-Scale Fires", Civil and Environmental Engineering Development Office (Air Force Systems Command) Report

  1. In the Line of Fire.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kennedy, Mike

    2001-01-01

    Highlights the importance of using sprinkler systems in school residence halls to prevent fire fatalities. Understanding the risks involved, retrofitting schools to meet these risks, and realizing the need to extend safety education to off-campus housing are discussed. (GR)

  2. Soil phosphorus availability differences between sprinkler and furrow irrigation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Water flowing in irrigation furrows detaches and transports soil particles and subsequently nutrients such as phosphorus. To reduce the risk of erosion and offsite phosphorus transport, producers in south-central Idaho have been converting from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. We completed research...

  3. Soil phosphorus dynamics under sprinkler and furrow irrigation

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Furrow irrigation detaches and transports soil particles and subsequently nutrients such as phosphorus. To reduce the risk of erosion and offsite phosphorus movement, producers can convert from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. We completed research on soil phosphorus dynamics in furrow versus sprin...

  4. 75 FR 39039 - Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Assessment for the Upper Midwest Environmental...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-07

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR United States Geological Survey Notice of Availability of the Final... AGENCY: United States Geological Survey, Interior. ACTION: Notice of Availability (NOA). SUMMARY: In... systems consisting of internal sprinkler systems designed to fit each building's unique layout, function...

  5. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION AS A VOC SEPARATION AND DISPOSAL METHOD

    EPA Science Inventory

    Sprinkler irrigation is a common farming practice in those states where the semi-arid climate and lack of sufficient rainfall during critical growing periods necessitate the use of supplemental water. The source of most irrigation water is groundwater which can be contaminated wi...

  6. 77 FR 74456 - Notice of Proposed Changes to the National Handbook of Conservation Practices for the Natural...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-14

    ...), Row Arrangement (Code 557), Sprinkler System (Code 442), Tree/Shrub Site Preparation (Code 490), Waste.... Tree/Shrub Site Preparation (Code 490)--Only minor changes were made to the standard including...

  7. Crop water productivity and irrigation management

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Modern irrigation systems offer large increases in crop water productivity compared with rainfed or gravity irrigation, but require different management approaches to achieve this. Flood, sprinkler, low-energy precision application, LEPA, and subsurface drip irrigation methods vary widely in water a...

  8. Using remote sensing to characterize and compare evapotranspiration from different irrigation regimes in the Smith River Watershed of central Montana

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sando, Thomas R.; Caldwell, Rodney R.; Blasch, Kyle W.

    2017-01-01

    According to the 2005 U.S. Geological Survey national water use compilation, irrigation is the second largest use of fresh water in the United States, accounting for 37%, or 484.48 million cubic meters per day, of total freshwater withdrawal. Accurately estimating the amount of water withdrawals and actual consumptive water use (the difference between water withdrawals and return flow) for irrigation at a regional scale is difficult. Remote sensing methods make it possible to compare actual ET (ETa) rates which can serve as a proxy for consumptive water use from different irrigation regimes at a regional scale in a systematic manner. This study investigates crucial components of water use from irrigation such as the difference of ETa rates from flood- and sprinkler-irrigated fields, spatial variability of ETa within a watershed, and the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the water budget of the study area. The mean accumulated ETa depth for the 1,051 square kilometer study area within the upper Smith River watershed was about 467 mm 30-meter per pixel for the 2007 growing season (April through mid-October). The total accumulated volume of ETa for the study area was about 474.705 million cubic meters. The mean accumulated ETa depth from sprinkler-irrigated land was about 687 mm and from flood-irrigated land was about 621 mm from flood-irrigated land. On average, the ETa rate from sprinkler-irrigated fields was 0.25 mm per day higher than flood-irrigated fields over the growing season. Spatial analysis showed that ETa rates within individual fields of a single crop type that are irrigated with a single method (sprinkler or flood) can vary up to about 8 mm per day. It was estimated that the amount of sprinkler irrigation in 2007 accounted for approximately 3% of the total volume of ETa in the study area. When compared to non-irrigated dryland, sprinkler irrigation increases ETa by about 59 to 82% per unit area.

  9. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  10. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  11. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  12. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....4201 NFPA No. 10—Portable Fire Extinguisher. NFPA No. 11—Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems.... 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and... AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire...

  13. Automated cycled sprinkler irrigation for spring frost protection of cranberries

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Sprinkler irrigation is essential for preventing spring frost bud damage in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait). Risk-averse growers have been reluctant to adopt the intermittent cycling of irrigation pumps as a standard management practice. In the spring of 2013 and 2014, an experiment was conduc...

  14. Droplet Kinetic Energy from Center-Pivot Sprinklers

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The kinetic energy of discrete water drops impacting a bare soil surface is generally observed to lead to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to soil surface seal formation. Under center-pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy developmen...

  15. The development and evaluation of water-mist fire extinguishing systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beason, D. G.; Staggs, K. J.

    1994-08-01

    Fire protection for underfloor space is primarily provided by Halon 1301 which has proven to be very effective. However, due to the link between halons and the possible depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, plans have been implemented to eventually phase out Halon 1301 and 1211. In September 1987 the Montreal Protocol concerning chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and halons was signed by the United States, the European Economic Community, and 23 other nations. The Montreal Protocol calls for freezing halon production at 1986 levels. Because the majority of underfloor fire protection at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), as well as other Department of Energy (DOE) sites, is either Halon 1301 or sprinklers, some other means of suppression will have to be developed and verified. The potential loss to facilities housing computer or control rooms damaged by underfloor fires can be extreme. These losses would not only include hardware and software replacement costs, but also lost computing and control capability. Here at LLNL technical research in a facility could be severely affected. Recent studies conducted by the Fire Research Discipline of the Special Projects Division have shown that severe fires fueled by cable insulation can develop within as little as a 6-in-high underfloor space (even with mechanical ventilation shut off). Studies also show that conventional sprinklers may not be effective in preventing this destruction. Therefore, we are investigating the water-mist fire extinguishing system as an alternative to Halon 1301 and sprinklers.

  16. WaterSense Labeled Weather-Based Irrigation Controller Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    WaterSense labeled irrigation controllers, which act like a thermostat for your sprinkler system by telling it when to turn on and off, use local weather and landscape conditions to tailor watering schedules to actual conditions on the site.

  17. 46 CFR 78.45-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the following plans: (1) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  18. 46 CFR 78.45-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the following plans: (1) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  19. 46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 95.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

  20. 46 CFR 78.45-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the following plans: (1) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  1. Residence Hall Fires.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wright, Dorothy

    1999-01-01

    Discusses how one college's experience with a tragic fire in one of its residence halls prompted a reevaluation of its fire-prevention-and-response strategies. Staff training, sprinkler installation, new alarm systems, and exit hardware to help make building exiting more efficient are discussed. (GR)

  2. 46 CFR 78.45-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the following plans: (1) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  3. 46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

  4. 46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

  5. 46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 95.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

  6. 46 CFR 78.45-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the following plans: (1) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  7. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Alfalfa and Buffalo Grass for Remediation of Trichloroethylene from Groundwater

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-06-03

    Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) funds provided by Humans Systems Center, Occupational and Environmental Health Directorate...ultrafiltration/ microfiltration , (3) freeze crystallization, (4) membrane prevaporation and (5) reverse osmosis. Sprinkler Irrigation. Wastewater is distributed

  8. Droplet kinetic energy of moving spray-plate center-pivot irrigation sprinklers

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The kinetic energy of discrete water drops impacting a bare soil surface generally leads to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to formation of a seal on the soil surface. Under center-pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy development ...

  9. Determination of kinetic energy applied by center pivot sprinklers

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The kinetic energy of discrete drops impacting a bare soil surface is generally observed to lead to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to soil surface seal formation. Under center pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy development can...

  10. 49 CFR 176.205 - Under deck stowage requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... be equipped with an overhead water sprinkler system or fixed fire extinguishing system. (3) Each... rents, tears, and holes. (7) A fire screen must be fitted at the weather end of each vent duct leading from the hold or compartment. The fire screen must completely cover the open area. It must consist of...

  11. 49 CFR 176.205 - Under deck stowage requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... be equipped with an overhead water sprinkler system or fixed fire extinguishing system. (3) Each... rents, tears, and holes. (7) A fire screen must be fitted at the weather end of each vent duct leading from the hold or compartment. The fire screen must completely cover the open area. It must consist of...

  12. 49 CFR 176.205 - Under deck stowage requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... be equipped with an overhead water sprinkler system or fixed fire extinguishing system. (3) Each... rents, tears, and holes. (7) A fire screen must be fitted at the weather end of each vent duct leading from the hold or compartment. The fire screen must completely cover the open area. It must consist of...

  13. 49 CFR 176.205 - Under deck stowage requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... be equipped with an overhead water sprinkler system or fixed fire extinguishing system. (3) Each... rents, tears, and holes. (7) A fire screen must be fitted at the weather end of each vent duct leading from the hold or compartment. The fire screen must completely cover the open area. It must consist of...

  14. Water management in Egypt for facing the future challenges

    PubMed Central

    Omar, Mohie El Din M.; Moussa, Ahmed M.A.

    2016-01-01

    The current water shortage in Egypt is 13.5 Billion cubic meter per year (BCM/yr) and is expected to continuously increase. Currently, this water shortage is compensated by drainage reuse which consequently deteriorates the water quality. Therefore, this research was commenced with the objective of assessing different scenarios for 2025 using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model and by implementing different water sufficiency measures. Field data were assembled and analyzed, and different planning alternatives were proposed and tested in order to design three future scenarios. The findings indicated that water shortage in 2025 would be 26 BCM/yr in case of continuation of current policies. Planning alternatives were proposed to the irrigation canals, land irrigation timing, aquatic weeds in waterways and sugarcane areas in old agricultural lands. Other measures were suggested to pumping rates of deep groundwater, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems in new agricultural lands. Further measures were also suggested to automatic daily surveying for distribution leak and managing the pressure effectively in the domestic and industrial water distribution systems. Finally, extra measures for water supply were proposed including raising the permitted withdrawal limit from deep groundwater and the Nubian aquifer and developing the desalination resource. The proposed planning alternatives would completely eliminate the water shortage in 2025. PMID:27222745

  15. Water management in Egypt for facing the future challenges.

    PubMed

    Omar, Mohie El Din M; Moussa, Ahmed M A

    2016-05-01

    The current water shortage in Egypt is 13.5 Billion cubic meter per year (BCM/yr) and is expected to continuously increase. Currently, this water shortage is compensated by drainage reuse which consequently deteriorates the water quality. Therefore, this research was commenced with the objective of assessing different scenarios for 2025 using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model and by implementing different water sufficiency measures. Field data were assembled and analyzed, and different planning alternatives were proposed and tested in order to design three future scenarios. The findings indicated that water shortage in 2025 would be 26 BCM/yr in case of continuation of current policies. Planning alternatives were proposed to the irrigation canals, land irrigation timing, aquatic weeds in waterways and sugarcane areas in old agricultural lands. Other measures were suggested to pumping rates of deep groundwater, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems in new agricultural lands. Further measures were also suggested to automatic daily surveying for distribution leak and managing the pressure effectively in the domestic and industrial water distribution systems. Finally, extra measures for water supply were proposed including raising the permitted withdrawal limit from deep groundwater and the Nubian aquifer and developing the desalination resource. The proposed planning alternatives would completely eliminate the water shortage in 2025.

  16. Fertigation uniformity under sprinkler irrigation: evaluation and analysis

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    n modern farming systems, fertigation is widely practiced as a cost effective and convenient method for applying soluble fertilizers to crops. Along with efficiency and adequacy, uniformity is an important fertigation performance evaluation criterion. Fertigation uniformity is defined here as a comp...

  17. Braving the Elements: Protecting Schools against Weather-Related Disasters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Breighner, Mary

    1997-01-01

    Discusses common weather-related hazards (floods, windstorms, and winter storms) and provides some steps administrators can take to protect their schools. Suggests administrators periodically assess their school's commitment to loss control, housekeeping, suitable building construction and reinforcement, sprinkler systems, water supply,…

  18. 46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

  19. 46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

  20. 46 CFR 97.36-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the vessel the following plans: (a) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  1. 46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

  2. 46 CFR 97.36-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the vessel the following plans: (a) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  3. 46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

  4. 46 CFR 97.36-1 - When required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the vessel the following plans: (a) General arrangement plans showing for each deck the fire control stations, the various sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire extinguishing appliances, means...

  5. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  6. 29 CFR 1910.37 - Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times... maintain an operable employee alarm system that has a distinctive signal to warn employees of fire or other...” not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) wide. (c) The fire retardant properties of paints or...

  7. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  8. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  9. 29 CFR 1910.37 - Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times... maintain an operable employee alarm system that has a distinctive signal to warn employees of fire or other...” not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) wide. (c) The fire retardant properties of paints or...

  10. 29 CFR 1910.37 - Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times... maintain an operable employee alarm system that has a distinctive signal to warn employees of fire or other...” not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) wide. (c) The fire retardant properties of paints or...

  11. 30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

  12. 29 CFR 1910.37 - Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times... maintain an operable employee alarm system that has a distinctive signal to warn employees of fire or other...” not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9 cm) wide. (c) The fire retardant properties of paints or...

  13. Soil and Nutrient Losses from Small Sprinkler and Furrow Irrigated Watersheds in Southern Idaho

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Sediment and associated nutrients flowing to the Snake River with furrow irrigation runoff and unused irrigation water have been a concern in the Twin Falls irrigation tract in southern Idaho. Converting furrow irrigated fields to sprinkler irrigation is one practice that has been promoted, and rece...

  14. Two-Dimensional Crystallography Introduced by the Sprinkler Watering Problem

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    De Toro, Jose A.; Calvo, Gabriel F.; Muniz, Pablo

    2012-01-01

    The problem of optimizing the number of circular sprinklers watering large fields is used to introduce, from a purely elementary geometrical perspective, some basic concepts in crystallography and comment on a few size effects in condensed matter physics. We examine square and hexagonal lattices to build a function describing the, so-called, dry…

  15. Improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in surface- and overhead sprinkler-irrigated cotton in the desert southwest

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) is low in surface-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), especially when adding N to irrigation water. A NO3 soil-test algorithm was compared with canopy reflectance-based N management with surface- overhead sprinkler-irrigation in Central AZ. The surfac...

  16. Characterizing droplet kinetic energy applied by moving spray-plate center pivot irrigation sprinklers

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The kinetic energy of discrete drops impacting a bare soil surface is generally observed to lead to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to soil surface seal formation. Under center pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy development can...

  17. 46 CFR 76.23-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system shall be in general agreement with §§ 76.23-5 through 76.23-25 insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, and sprinkler heads or perforated pipes may...

  18. 41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  19. 46 CFR 76.23-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system shall be in general agreement with §§ 76.23-5 through 76.23-25 insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, and sprinkler heads or perforated pipes may...

  20. 46 CFR 76.23-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system shall be in general agreement with §§ 76.23-5 through 76.23-25 insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, and sprinkler heads or perforated pipes may...

  1. 41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  2. 41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  3. 46 CFR 34.01-15 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, IBR approved for § 34.30-1 (“NFPA 13-1996”). (2) NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, (2008 Edition), IBR approved for § 34.05-5(a)(4) (“NFPA... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987, IBR approved for § 34.10...

  4. 41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

  5. 46 CFR 76.23-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system shall be in general agreement with §§ 76.23-5 through 76.23-25 insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, and sprinkler heads or perforated pipes may...

  6. 46 CFR 76.23-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-90 Installations contracted...) The details of the system shall be in general agreement with §§ 76.23-5 through 76.23-25 insofar as is reasonable and practicable. Existing piping, pumping facilities, and sprinkler heads or perforated pipes may...

  7. A review of mechanical move sprinkler irrigation control and automation technologies

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Electronic sensors, equipment controls, and communication protocols have been developed to meet the growing interest in site-specific irrigation using center pivot and lateral move irrigation systems. Onboard and field-distributed sensors can collect data necessary for real-time irrigation manageme...

  8. Storage Area (1942 section), looking east, showing all of Vault ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Storage Area (1942 section), looking east, showing all of Vault No. 1 door behind wall opening and sprinkler system - Fort McNair, Film Store House, Fort Lesley J. McNair, P Street between Third & Fourth Streets, Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

  9. Evaporative cooling with sprinklers to reduce heat-related fruit damage in northern highbush blueberry

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Hot and sunny weather can cause a considerable amount of fruit damage in blueberries and results in millions of dollars of crop loss each year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using sprinklers to reduce the damage. The study was conducted for 2 years in a mature planting ...

  10. Comparison of sprinkler droplet size and velocity measurements using a laser precipitation meter and photographic method

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Kinetic energy of water droplets has a substantial effect on development of a soil surface seal and infiltration rate of bare soil. Methods for measuring sprinkler droplet size and velocity needed to calculate droplet kinetic energy have been developed and tested over the past 50 years, each with ad...

  11. Revised fire safety system cuts emergency response time.

    PubMed

    Keir, D C

    1979-03-01

    As Margaret R. Pardee Memorial Hospital, Hendersonville, NC. expanded, fire safety plans had to be reevaluated. With each new addition, fire safety responsibilities for hospital personnel multiplied and overlapped. Confusion resulted, and a revised, simplified, and coordinated fire safety system was devised. Seventeen false alarms within one year, caused by a faulty sprinkler system, gave hospital personnel ample opportunity to test the system and iron out unexpected problems.

  12. Automated irrigation management with soil and canopy sensing

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Automated irrigation management provides for real time feedback between crop water needs and the delivery of specific amount of irrigation water to specific locations on demand. In addition to the basic components of any irrigation system, e.g. pumps, filters, valves, pipes and tubing, sprinkler he...

  13. 46 CFR 194.10-35 - Labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... DO NOT LIFT WITH CONTENTS (f) Control locations for magazine sprinkler systems, in addition to the... door to magazines and magazine vans shall bear the inscription: MAGAZINE KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY... conspicuous location, preferably the top, with the inscription: MAGAZINE CHEST KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY...

  14. 46 CFR 194.10-35 - Labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... DO NOT LIFT WITH CONTENTS (f) Control locations for magazine sprinkler systems, in addition to the... door to magazines and magazine vans shall bear the inscription: MAGAZINE KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY... conspicuous location, preferably the top, with the inscription: MAGAZINE CHEST KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY...

  15. 46 CFR 194.10-35 - Labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... DO NOT LIFT WITH CONTENTS (f) Control locations for magazine sprinkler systems, in addition to the... door to magazines and magazine vans shall bear the inscription: MAGAZINE KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY... conspicuous location, preferably the top, with the inscription: MAGAZINE CHEST KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY...

  16. 46 CFR 194.10-35 - Labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... DO NOT LIFT WITH CONTENTS (f) Control locations for magazine sprinkler systems, in addition to the... door to magazines and magazine vans shall bear the inscription: MAGAZINE KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY... conspicuous location, preferably the top, with the inscription: MAGAZINE CHEST KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY...

  17. 46 CFR 194.10-35 - Labeling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... DO NOT LIFT WITH CONTENTS (f) Control locations for magazine sprinkler systems, in addition to the... door to magazines and magazine vans shall bear the inscription: MAGAZINE KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY... conspicuous location, preferably the top, with the inscription: MAGAZINE CHEST KEEP OPEN LIGHTS AND FIRE AWAY...

  18. Comparison of drop size and velocity measurements by a laser precipitation meter and low-speed photography for an agriculture sprinkler

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Kinetic energy of water droplets has a substantial effect on development of a soil surface seal and infiltration rate of bare soil. Methods for measuring sprinkler droplet size and velocity needed to calculate droplet kinetic energy have been developed and tested over the past 50 years, each with ad...

  19. High Expansion Foam for Protecting Large Volume Mission Critical Shipboard Spaces

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-01-01

    aqueous film - forming foam ( AFFF ) sprinklers designed only to combat Class B two-dimensional pool fires.1 The...Validation Tests, Series 1 – An Evaluation of Aqueous Film Foaming Foam ( AFFF ) Suppression Systems for Protection of LHA(R) Well Deck and Vehicle... firefighting system design. NRL further recognized that employing a traditional high expansion foam generator would impact shipboard

  20. Water budget and simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated flow for a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated field near Milford, Utah

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Susong, David D.

    1995-01-01

    Ground-water recharge to basin-fill aquifers from unconsumed irrigation water in the western United States is being reduced as irrigators convert to more efficient irrigation systems. In some areas, these changes in irrigation methods may be contributing to ground-water-level declines and reducing the quantity of water available to downgradient users. The components of the water budget were measured or calculated for each field for the 1992 and 1993 irrigation seasons. Precipitation was about 6.5 cm (2.6 inches) both years. The flood-irrigated field received 182 and 156 centimeters (71.6 and 61.4 inches) of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993, and the sprinkler-irrigated field received 52.8 and 87.2 centimeters (20.8 and 34.3 inches) of water, respectively. Evapotranspiration for alfalfa was calculated using the Penman-Monteith combination equation and was 95.4 and 84.3 centimeters (37.2 and 33.2 inches) for 1992 and 1993, respectively. No runoff and no significant change in soil moisture in storage was observed from either field. Recharge to the aquifer from the flood-irrigated field was 93.3 and 78.1 centimeters (36.7 and 30.7 inches) in 1992 and 1993 and from the sprinkler-irrigated field was -35.9 and 9.3 centimeters (-14.1 and 3.7 inches), respectively. The daily water budget and soil-moisture profiles in the upper 6.4 meters (21 feet) of the unsaturated zone were simulated with an unsaturated flow model for average climate conditions. Simulated recharge was 57.4 and 50.5 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the flood-irrigated field during 1992 and 1993, respectively, and was 8.7 and 13.8 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the sprinkler- irrigated field.

  1. Water budget and simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated flow for a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated field near Milford, Utah

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Susong, D.D.

    1995-01-01

    Ground-water recharge to basin-fill aquifers from unconsumed irrigation water in the western United States is being reduced as irrigators convert to more efficient irrigation systems. In some areas, these changes in irrigation methods may be contributing to ground-water-level declines and reducing the quantity of water available to downgradient users. The components of the water budget were measured or calculated for each field for the 1992 and 1993 irrigation seasons. Precipitation was about 6.5 cm (2.6 inches) both years. The flood-irrigated field received 182 and 156 centimeters (71.6 and 61.4 inches) of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993, and the sprinkler-irrigated field received 52.8 and 87.2 centimeters (20.8 and 34.3 inches) of water, respectively. Evapotrans- piration for alfalfa was calculated using the Penman-Monteith combination equation and was 95.4 and 84.3 centimeters (37.2 and 33.2 inches) for 1992 and 1993, respectively. No runoff and no signifi- cant change in soil moisture in storage was observed from either field. Recharge to the aquifer from the flood-irrigated field was 93.3 and 78.1 centimeters (36.7 and 30.7 inches) in 1992 and 1993 and from the sprinkler-irrigated field was -35.9 and 9.3 centimeters (-14.1 and 3.7 inches), respectively. The daily water budget and soil-moisture profiles in the upper 6.4 meters (21 feet) of the unsaturated zone were simulated with an unsaturated flow model for average climate conditions. Simulated recharge was 57.4 and 50.5 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the flood-irrigated field during 1992 and 1993, respectively, and was 8.7 and 13.8 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the sprinkler-irrigated field.

  2. 7 CFR 1940.312 - Environmental assessments for Class II actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... so. Subsequently, an approved loan will be structured so as to be consistent with any conservation..., canals, pipelines, and sprinklers either designed to irrigate more than 160 acres or that would serve any... facility has unlimited continuous flow watering systems; 30,00 laying hens or broilers when facility has...

  3. 46 CFR 76.23-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-5 Zoning. (a) Separate zones may be used for each deck, and on any particular... that the end sprinkler heads of both adjoining zones will cover the identical area. Table 76.23-5(b...

  4. 46 CFR 76.23-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-5 Zoning. (a) Separate zones may be used for each deck, and on any particular... that the end sprinkler heads of both adjoining zones will cover the identical area. Table 76.23-5(b...

  5. 46 CFR 76.23-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-5 Zoning. (a) Separate zones may be used for each deck, and on any particular... that the end sprinkler heads of both adjoining zones will cover the identical area. Table 76.23-5(b...

  6. 46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”)—76.25-1, 76.25-90. (d) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 12 Laboratory... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... Connections for Marine Fire Applications (“ASTM F 1121”)—76.10-10. (c) National Fire Protection Association...

  7. 46 CFR 34.01-15 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.30-1. (2) [Reserved] [USCG-2009-0702, 74 FR... Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.10-15. (2) [Reserved] (c) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269...

  8. 46 CFR 76.23-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-5 Zoning. (a) Separate zones may be used for each deck, and on any particular... that the end sprinkler heads of both adjoining zones will cover the identical area. Table 76.23-5(b...

  9. 46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”)—76.25-1, 76.25-90. (d) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 12 Laboratory... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... Connections for Marine Fire Applications (“ASTM F 1121”)—76.10-10. (c) National Fire Protection Association...

  10. 36 CFR 910.37 - Fire and life safety.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... that all buildings be equipped with an approved sprinkler system. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fire and life safety. 910.37... DEVELOPMENT AREA Standards Uniformly Applicable to the Development Area § 910.37 Fire and life safety. As a...

  11. Stay or Go?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kroll, Karen

    2003-01-01

    Discusses whether U.S. schools equipped with fire sprinklers and fire detection and intercom systems should be able to use a delayed evacuation policy when it comes to fire drills or actual fires. A controversial project in Minnesota is examining that question. The paper discusses concerns about delayed evacuation, the impact of delayed evacuation…

  12. 46 CFR 76.23-5 - Zoning.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-5 Zoning. (a) Separate zones may be used for each deck, and on any particular... that the end sprinkler heads of both adjoining zones will cover the identical area. Table 76.23-5(b...

  13. 36 CFR 910.37 - Fire and life safety.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... that all buildings be equipped with an approved sprinkler system. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fire and life safety. 910.37... DEVELOPMENT AREA Standards Uniformly Applicable to the Development Area § 910.37 Fire and life safety. As a...

  14. Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression System Evaluation-Intermediate- Scale Studies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-12-23

    aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ) extinguishing systems [1]. The overhead AFFF system typically consists of standard closed head sprinklers that...of Water Spray on Fire-Fighting Foam ," Fire Journal, 63 (6), November 1969. 5. MIL-F-24385F, "Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam ...extinguishing capability of the foam and the ability of the blanket to resist burnback. When AFFF is applied over a flammable liquid spill

  15. Infectivity, distribution, and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae all strain (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) applied by sprinklers or boom sprayer to dry-pick cranberries.

    PubMed

    Hayes, A E; Fitzpatrick, S M; Webster, J M

    1999-06-01

    We evaluated infectivity, distribution, and persistence of commercially produced Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All strain applied through solid set sprinkler irrigation or boom sprayer to 2 dry-pick cranberry farms on peat soil in British Columbia in 1993. Most infectivity assays used Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae. When possible, larvae of the target pest, Otiorynchus sulcatas (F.) were used as assay organisms. Nematodes in almost all samples of nematode suspensions diluted from shipping containers, from spray tanks, or collected in cups after passage through application equipment were infective to G. mellonella larvae. When O. sulcatus larvae were used as assay organisms, 93% (n = 14) of assays from the spray tank and 67% (n = 12) of assays after application showed infectivity. In the spring, sprinklers delivered nematodes to only 15 of 20 sample points on the 0.2-ha plot; delivery by the boom sprayer was better but 2 of 20 points on the 0.2-ha plot received approximately twice as many nematodes as the other points. In the fall, nematode delivery by both systems was more even. However, the average number of nematodes per milliliter of sprayed water collected from the 20 samples on each farm after each application did not correspond to the rates of nematodes applied. Persistence of nematodes in the soil was encouraging, but percentage of infectivity was lower than expected. After application in the spring, assays using G. mellonella larvae showed the presence of infective nematodes in soil samples (0-5 and 5-10 cm deep) on each sampling day (0, 3, 7, and 25) after application by boom sprayer, and on days 0, 3, and 7 after application through sprinklers. In the fall, G. mellonella assays showed infective nematodes in soil samples on each sampling day (0, 3, 7, and 25) after application by boom sprayer, and on days 0, 3, 7, 35, 60, 135, and 250 after application through sprinklers. In the spring, when assays lasted 4 d, percentage of infectivity rose to a maximum of 45% on the 3rd d after application by boom sprayer and declined thereafter. In the fall, when assays lasted 10 d, percentage of infectivity rose to a maximum of 58% on the 7th d after application through sprinklers and remained between 20 and 58% until day 135, declining thereafter; infectivity after boom application remained between 37 and 45% on days 3 and 7, and began to decline on day 25. Nematode infectivity was not compromised in peat soil, muck, or silty clay loam, but infectivity in loam (that may have contained nematicide residues) was very low. We suggest that the inconsistent control of O. sulcatus by S. carpocapsae on British Columbia cranberry farms may be partially explained by problems associated with application and factors related to nematode entry into the soil.

  16. Record of Decision for the First Air National Guard F-35A Operational Base

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-02

    Air Quality • Employ fugitive dust control and soil retention practices including: - Water trucks or sprinkler systems to keep all areas of vehicle...with local fire departments on F-35A crash response procedures. Soils and Water • Sequence construction activities to limit the soil exposure for

  17. 36 CFR § 910.37 - Fire and life safety.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for fire and life safety and that all buildings be equipped with an approved sprinkler system. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Fire and life safety. § 910... PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT AREA Standards Uniformly Applicable to the Development Area § 910.37 Fire and...

  18. Spore trap analysis and MSQPCR in evaluating mold burden: a flooded gymnasium case study

    EPA Science Inventory

    A school gymnasium was accidentally flooded by the fire-suppression sprinkler system. The surface water was removed but after 25 days, the school decided to evaluate whether there was any mold growth in the gymnasium. Thirty, five-minute air samples (75 m3 air) were collected w...

  19. Performance of precision mobile drip irrigation in the Texas High Plains region

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Mobile drip irrigation (MDI) technology adapts driplines to the drop hoses of moving sprinkler systems to apply water as the drip lines are pulled across the field. There is interest in this technology among farmers in the Texas High Plains region to help sustain irrigated agriculture. However, info...

  20. Developing wireless sensor networks for monitoring crop canopy temperature using a moving sprinkler system as a platform

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The objectives of this study were to characterize wireless sensor nodes that we developed in terms of power consumption and functionality, and compare the performance of mesh and non-mesh wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprised mainly of infrared thermometer thermocouples located on a center pivot...

  1. 33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126.15 NFPA 14, Standard for...-2959: ASTM F-1121, Standard Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987 Edition 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box...

  2. 33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126.15 NFPA 14, Standard for...-2959: ASTM F-1121, Standard Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987 Edition 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box...

  3. Precipitation Change and Soil Leaching: Field Results and Simulations from Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee

    Treesearch

    D.W. Johnson; P.J. Hanson; D.E. Todd; R.B. Susfalk; Carl C. Trettin

    1998-01-01

    Abstract. To investigate the potential effects of changing precipitation on a deciduous forest ecosystem, an experiment was established on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee that modified the amount of throughfall at 4 -33 %. ambient (no change), and +33 % using a system of rain gutters and sprinklers. We hypothesized that the drier treatments would...

  4. Experimental research on the effects of water application on greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle feedlots

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The effect of water application (e.g., through rainfall or sprinkler system) on emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), from pen surfaces of open-lot beef cattle feedlots was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Soil/ma...

  5. Assessment of irrigation performance: contribution to improve water management in a small catchment in the Brazilian savannas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rodrigues, Lineu; Marioti, Juliana; Steenhuis, Tammo; Wallender, Wesley

    2010-05-01

    Irrigated agriculture is the major consumer of surface water in Brazil using over 70% of the total supply. Due to the growing competition for water among different sectors of the economy, sustainable water use can only be achieved by decreasing the portion of water used by the irrigated agriculture. Thus, in order to maintain yield, farmers need to irrigate more efficiently. There is little known on irrigation efficiency in Brazil. Therefore a study was carried out in the Buriti Vermelho basin to assess the irrigation performance of existing system. The experimental basin has a drainage area of 940 hectares and is located in the eastern part of the Federal District, in the Brazilian savanna region. Agriculture is the main activity. There is a dominance of red latosols. Several types of land use and crop cover are encountered in the basin. Conflicts among farmers for water are increasing. As water, in quality and quantity, is crucial to maintain the livelihood of the population in the basin, concern about risk of water lack due to climatic and land use change is in place. Once irrigation is the main water user in the basin, to increase water availability and reduce conflicts a water resource management plan has to be established. For this purpose, irrigation system performance has to be understood. The objective of this work was to assess the performance and the management of irrigation (small and big) that has been carried out by farmers in the Buriti Vermelho experimental watershed. A survey undertaken in 2007 was used to identify the irrigation systems in the basin. It was verified that irrigation is practiced by both small (area up to 6 hectare) and big farmers. Small farmers usually crop limes and vegetables and use micro-irrigation, drip, sprinkler, guns or furrow to irrigate them. Big farmers plant annual crops and use center pivot as irrigation system. In this first assessment 13 irrigation systems were evaluated: five conventional sprinklers, four drip systems, one microirrigation system and three center pivots schemes. Field evaluations used the method advocated by Keller and Bliesner and conducted during farmer scheduled irrigation. Soil samples were taken before irrigations to investigate adequacy of water applied. Since the irrigation water management and the uniformity of water distribution are the two major factors used to define the quality of irrigation, the following criteria for uniformity was used: i) Localized irrigations (distribution uniformity - UD) - excellent (90% < UD), acceptable (70% < UD < 90%), not acceptable (UD < 70); ii) Center pivots and conventional sprinkler irrigations (Christiansen coefficient - UC) - excellent (85% < UC), acceptable (85% < UC < 75%), not acceptable (UC < 75%). The water stored in the root zone after an irrigation event was compared with the real necessity. The results showed that: i) Localized irrigations - Three systems had UD < 70% and all systems presented deficit or excess of irrigation; ii) Conventional sprinkler system - Three system had UD smaller than 75% and all systems applied less water than the minimum necessary to keep an amount of water in the soil that don't cause plant stress; iii) Center pivot - In two system were observed UC < 75%. In one of the center pivots the depth applied was about 42% higher than the required and in the other two it was 39% and 47% lower. The study demonstrated the importance of adopting irrigation management criteria, in agricultural basins, once irrigation water becomes limiting and reduces basin water productivity.

  6. Ford-Class Aircraft Carrier: Congress Should Consider Revising Cost Cap Legislation to Include All Construction Costs

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-11-01

    thus increasing the likelihood of additional testing delays. For example, testing of the ship’s fire sprinklers was delayed because construction of...not deploy as scheduled or will deploy without fully tested systems . The Navy is implementing steps to achieve the $11.5 billion congressional cost...cap, by postponing installation of some systems until after ship delivery, and deferring an estimated $200 million - $250 million in previously

  7. LSD 36 Well Deck Fire Protection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-05-30

    below, which are loaded with personnel, vehicles and supplies. Normally, an Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) sprinkler system would be recommended for...the foam to the center area and allow the AFFF film to spread out from there; or, some combination of the two approaches. Results Phase I Tests A...landing craft and vehicles stored in the well deck below. Based on these tests, the optimum fire protection system would involve an Aqueous Film

  8. Climate change, water security and the need for integrated policy development: the case of on-farm infrastructure investment in the Australian irrigation sector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maraseni, T. N.; Mushtaq, S.; Reardon-Smith, K.

    2012-09-01

    The Australian Government is currently addressing the challenge of increasing water scarcity through significant on-farm infrastructure investment to facilitate the adoption of new water-efficient pressurized irrigation systems. However, it is highly likely that conversion to these systems will increase on-farm energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, suggesting potential conflicts in terms of mitigation and adaptation policies. This study explored the trade-offs associated with the adoption of more water efficient but energy-intensive irrigation technologies by developing an integrated assessment framework. Integrated analysis of five case studies revealed trade-offs between water security and environmental security when conversion to pressurized irrigation systems was evaluated in terms of fuel and energy-related emissions, except in cases where older hand-shift sprinkler irrigation systems were replaced. These results suggest that priority should be given, in implementing on-farm infrastructure investment policy, to replacing inefficient and energy-intensive sprinkler irrigation systems such as hand-shift and roll-line. The results indicated that associated changes in the use of agricultural machinery and agrochemicals may also be important. The findings of this study support the use of an integrated approach to avoid possible conflicts in designing national climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, both of which are being developed in Australia.

  9. 33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for Marine Fire Applications, (approved March 1, 2010) 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101: NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1998 Edition 126.15 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126...

  10. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  11. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  12. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA No. 13A—1971). National Fire Code No. 15 “Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection” (NFPA No. 15—1969). National Fire Code No. 17 “Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems” (NFPA No. 17—1969). National Fire...

  13. 33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for Marine Fire Applications, (approved March 1, 2010) 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101: NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1998 Edition 126.15 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126...

  14. Application of disease burden to quantitative assessment of health hazards for a decentralized water reuse system.

    PubMed

    Gao, Tingting; Chen, Rong; Wang, Xiaochang; Ngo, Huu Hao; Li, Yu-You; Zhou, Jinhong; Zhang, Lu

    2016-05-01

    The aim of this article is to introduce the methodology of disease burden (DB) to quantify the health impact of microbial regrowth during wastewater reuse, using the case study of a decentralized water reuse system in Xi'an Si-yuan University, located in Xi'an, China. Based on field investigation findings, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella and rotavirus were selected as typical regrowth pathogens causing potential health hazards during the reuse of reclaimed water. Subsequently, major exposure routes including sprinkler irrigation, landscape fountains and toilet flushing were identified. Mathematical models were established to build the relationship between exposure dose and disease burden by calculating the disability adjusted life year (DALY). Results of disease burden for this case study show that DALYs attributed to E. coli were significantly greater than those caused by other pathogens, and DALYs associated with sprinkler irrigation were higher than those originating from other routes. A correlation between exposure dose and disease was obtained by introducing a modified calculation of morbidity, which can extend the assessment endpoint of health risk to disease burden from the conventional infection rate. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Sprinkler head revisited: momentum, forces, and flows in Machian propulsion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jenkins, Alejandro

    2011-09-01

    Many experimenters, starting with Ernst Mach in 1883, have reported that if a device alternately sucks in and then expels a surrounding fluid, it moves in the same direction as if it only expelled fluid. This surprising phenomenon, which we call Machian propulsion, is explained by conservation of momentum: the outflow efficiently transfers momentum away from the device and into the surrounding medium, while the inflow can do so only by viscous diffusion. However, many previous theoretical discussions have focused instead on the difference in the shapes of the outflow and the inflow. Whereas the argument based on conservation is straightforward and complete, the analysis of the shapes of the flows is more subtle and requires conservation in the first place. Our discussion covers three devices that have usually been treated separately: the reverse sprinkler (also called the inverse, or Feynman sprinkler), the putt-putt boat, and the aspirating cantilever. We then briefly mention some applications of Machian propulsion, ranging from microengineering to astrophysics.

  16. Record of Decision for the First Active Duty F-35A Operational Base

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-02

    trucks or sprinkler systems to keep all areas of vehicle movement damp enough to prevent dust from leaving the construction area. - Temporary wind...synergy between the operational and logistics communities in managing a new, highly complex weapon system . ACC’s existing F-16 squadrons at Hill AFB...Share information with local fire departments on F-35A crash response procedures. Soils and Water • Sequence construction activities to limit the soil

  17. Apparatus for localizing disturbances in pressurized water reactors (PWR)

    DOEpatents

    Sykora, Dalibor

    1989-01-01

    The invention according to CS-PS 177386, entitled ''Apparatus for increasing the efficiency and passivity of the functioning of a bubbling-vacuum system for localizing disturbances in nuclear power plants with a pressurized water reactor'', concerns an important area of nuclear power engineering that is being developed in the RGW member countries. The invention solves the problems of increasing the reliability and intensification during the operation of the above very important system for guaranteeing the safety of the standard nuclear power plants of Soviet design. The essence of the invention consists in the installation of a simple passively operating supplementary apparatus. Consequently, the following can be observed in the system: first an improvement and simultaneous increase in the reliability of its function during the critical transition period, which follows the filling of the second space with air from the first space; secondly, elimination of the hitherto unavoidable initiating role of the active sprinkler-condensation device present; thirdly, a more effective performance and subjection of the elements to disintegration of the water flowing from the bubbling condenser into the first space; and fourthly, an enhanced utilization of the heat-conducting ability of the water reservoir of the bubbling condenser. Representatives of the supplementary apparatus are autonomous and local secondary systems of the sprinkler-sprayer without an insert, which spray the water under the effect of gravity. 1 fig.

  18. Analysis of the Earthquake Impact towards water-based fire extinguishing system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, J.; Hur, M.; Lee, K.

    2015-09-01

    Recently, extinguishing system installed in the building when the earthquake occurred at a separate performance requirements. Before the building collapsed during the earthquake, as a function to maintain a fire extinguishing. In particular, the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment, such as after a massive earthquake without damage to piping also must maintain confidentiality. In this study, an experiment installed in the building during the earthquake, the water-based fire extinguishing saw grasp the impact of the pipe. Experimental structures for water-based fire extinguishing seismic construction step by step, and then applied to the seismic experiment, the building appears in the extinguishing of the earthquake response of the pipe was measured. Construction of acceleration caused by vibration being added to the size and the size of the displacement is measured and compared with the data response of the pipe from the table, thereby extinguishing water piping need to enhance the seismic analysis. Define the seismic design category (SDC) for the four groups in the building structure with seismic criteria (KBC2009) designed according to the importance of the group and earthquake seismic intensity. The event of a real earthquake seismic analysis of Category A and Category B for the seismic design of buildings, the current fire-fighting facilities could have also determined that the seismic performance. In the case of seismic design categories C and D are installed in buildings to preserve the function of extinguishing the required level of seismic retrofit design is determined.

  19. Analysis and comparison of modern methods of turf irrigation, verifying the capability of existing information systems through the use of numerical modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Deangelis, Maria Laura; Facoetti, Nicola

    2016-04-01

    The automated irrigation of parks and gardens in public areas has become more and more a common practice due to the many benefits it brings in terms of improving the quality of urban green areas. Since this practice requires significant volumes of water, and this becomes increasingly scarce and expensive, it is necessary that the design criteria and use management aim at maximizing the irrigation efficiency. There are conflicting relationship and competition between trees and turf for several reasons. On one hand the different irrigation needs can cause excess water in the root zones of the trees, on the other hand the surface roots of trees and the shade created from the leaves by the dripline (projection line of the canopy) determine an unfavorable area to the growth of the turf because of light factor. It follows that for an optimal design of an irrigation system is necessary to separate the turf areas from trees, with the disadvantage of considerably complicate the geometries of the sprinklers. Each tree or group of trees need to be associated to a not irrigated area. This problem seems not to have a specifically bibliographical evidence, although there are operating standards primarily used to define buffer zones for trees from constructions (British Standard 5837:2005). Ideally, a high number of sprinklers is required to follow the shape of the areas perfectly. Hence, an additional step is necessary to simplify these geometries, identifying a correct scheme for the sprinkler spacing. Such a sequence of geometric operations has been tested on the "Indro Montanelli" park in Milan, obtaining a reduction of the irrigated area of 47% and a water saving of around 30%. We intend to continue the research applying the model to other parks, verifying its applicability in different situations.

  20. North American approach to smoke management.

    PubMed

    Klote, J H

    1999-03-01

    The term smoke is used to mean the airborne products of combustion and air that is mixed with those products. A smoke control system is used to mean a system intended to manage smoke by pressurisation, and smoke management system is a broader term that includes systems that use any combination of compartmentation, dilution, air flow, pressurization or buoyancy. Smoke control systems include zoned smoke control, pressurized stairwells, and elevator smoke control. Over the past few decades there have been a number of full scale fire tests that demonstrate that pressure differences can prevent smoke migration from the low pressure side to the high pressure side of a barrier. While there are equations that can be used for smoke control design, network computer models can account for the effects of complex building leakage paths. For simplicity the term atrium was used in this paper in a generic sense to mean almost any large space (such as arcades, sports arenas, and exhibition halls). In North America most atria rely on sprinkler protection for spaces connected to the atrium and fan powered exhaust at or near the top of the atrium. Because the ability of sprinklers to suppress fires in spaces with ceilings higher than about 11m is limited, smoke exhaust is especially important for fires that start in the atrium. Equations and computer zone models can be used for the design of atrium exhaust systems. When these approaches are inappropriate, CFD modelling or physical modelling can be used.

  1. Environmental Assessment for Irrigation System for the Golf Course

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    woodland species oak, maple, willow, bald cypress, sweet gum and loblolly pine. Vegetation located in the project area is Bermuda grass. 3.2.6...in an area of improved grounds. A sod cutter would be used to remove existing Bermuda grass on the course for placement of pipes and sprinklers...The same Bermuda grass would be replaced over the pipes when installation is complete. The grass would then be watered during the hottest summer

  2. Optimal Design and Operation of Permanent Irrigation Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oron, Gideon; Walker, Wynn R.

    1981-01-01

    Solid-set pressurized irrigation system design and operation are studied with optimization techniques to determine the minimum cost distribution system. The principle of the analysis is to divide the irrigation system into subunits in such a manner that the trade-offs among energy, piping, and equipment costs are selected at the minimum cost point. The optimization procedure involves a nonlinear, mixed integer approach capable of achieving a variety of optimal solutions leading to significant conclusions with regard to the design and operation of the system. Factors investigated include field geometry, the effect of the pressure head, consumptive use rates, a smaller flow rate in the pipe system, and outlet (sprinkler or emitter) discharge.

  3. Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching under irrigated maize

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schepers, J. S.; Varvel, G. E.; Watts, D. G.

    1995-12-01

    Cropping systems that fail to integrate nitrogen (N) water management are frequently associated with elevated concentrations of nitrate-N in soil and groundwater. Examples of poorly integrated management practices are abundant, especially where irrigation is used to minimize the effects of drought and N fertilizer is inexpensive. Two maize fields under improved water and N management practices at the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project were compared with an adjacent field under conventional furrow irrigation that followed management guidelines mandated by the local Natural Resources District. Surge-flow furrow irrigation with laser grading and a runoff-water recovery system reduced water application by 45-69% compared to conventional furrow irrigation over the three years of this study. Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation reduced water application by 60-72% compared to conventional furrow irrigation. Uniformity of water application was improved with the surge-flow and sprinkler irrigation systems, which made it reasonable to consider adding fertilizer N in the water (fertigation) to meet crop needs. The spoon-feeding strategy, based on chlorophyll meter readings to schedule fertigation, saved 168 kg ha t1¯ N the first year and 105 kg ha -1 N the second year without reducing yields. Near total reliance of fertigation to meet crop N needs resulted in a 15% yield reduction the second year because spatial variability in soil N status made it difficult to collect representative chlorophyll meter data. Plot studies showed chlorophyll meter readings and yields were consistently higher for maize following soybean than where maize was grown in monoculture.

  4. Legionella spp. Risk Assessment in Recreational and Garden Areas of Hotels

    PubMed Central

    Chochlakis, Dimosthenis; Sandalakis, Vassilios; Keramarou, Maria; Tselentis, Yannis; Psaroulaki, Anna

    2018-01-01

    Several Travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) cases occur annually in Europe. Except from the most obvious sites (cooling towers and hot water systems), infections can also be associated with recreational, water feature, and garden areas of hotels. This argument is of great interest to better comprehend the colonization and to calculate the risk to human health of these sites. From July 2000–November 2017, the public health authorities of the Island of Crete (Greece) inspected 119 hotels associated with TALD, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network. Five hundred and eighteen samples were collected from decorative fountain ponds, showers near pools and spas, swimming pools, spa pools, garden sprinklers, drip irrigation systems (reclaimed water) and soil. Of those, 67 (12.93%), originating from 43 (35.83%) hotels, tested positive for Legionella (Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for chlorine concentrations of less than 0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 54.78), star classification (<4) (R.R.: 4.75) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 3.96). High risk (≥104 CFU/L) was estimated for pool showers (16.42%), garden sprinklers (7.46%) and pool water (5.97%). PMID:29587446

  5. Legionella spp. Risk Assessment in Recreational and Garden Areas of Hotels.

    PubMed

    Papadakis, Antonios; Chochlakis, Dimosthenis; Sandalakis, Vassilios; Keramarou, Maria; Tselentis, Yannis; Psaroulaki, Anna

    2018-03-26

    Several Travel-associated Legionnaires' disease (TALD) cases occur annually in Europe. Except from the most obvious sites (cooling towers and hot water systems), infections can also be associated with recreational, water feature, and garden areas of hotels. This argument is of great interest to better comprehend the colonization and to calculate the risk to human health of these sites. From July 2000-November 2017, the public health authorities of the Island of Crete (Greece) inspected 119 hotels associated with TALD, as reported through the European Legionnaires' Disease Surveillance Network. Five hundred and eighteen samples were collected from decorative fountain ponds, showers near pools and spas, swimming pools, spa pools, garden sprinklers, drip irrigation systems (reclaimed water) and soil. Of those, 67 (12.93%), originating from 43 (35.83%) hotels, tested positive for Legionella ( Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 and non-pneumophila species ( L. anisa , L. erythra , L. taurinensis , L. birminghamensis , L. rubrilucens ). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 ( p < 0.0001) was calculated for chlorine concentrations of less than 0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 54.78), star classification (<4) (R.R.: 4.75) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 3.96). High risk (≥10⁴ CFU/L) was estimated for pool showers (16.42%), garden sprinklers (7.46%) and pool water (5.97%).

  6. Quality of white cabbage yield and potential risk of ground water nitrogen pollution, as affected by nitrogen fertilisation and irrigation practices.

    PubMed

    Maršić, Nina Kacjan; Sturm, Martina; Zupanc, Vesna; Lojen, Sonja; Pintar, Marina

    2012-01-15

    The effect of different fertilisation (broadcast solid NPK application and fertigation with water-soluble fertiliser) and irrigation practices (sprinkler and drip irrigation) on yield, the nitrate content in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and the cabbage N uptake was detected, in order to assess the potential risk for N losses, by cultivation on sandy-loam soil. The N rate applied on the plots was 200 kg N ha(-1). The highest yield (93 t ha(-1)) and nitrate content (1256 mg kg(-1) DW) were found with treatments using broadcast fertilisation and sprinkler irrigation. On those plots the negative N balance (-30 kg N ha(-1)) was recorded, which comes mainly from the highest crop N uptake (234 kg N ha(-1)) indicating the lowest potential for N losses. In terms of yield quality and the potential risk for N losses, broadcast fertilisation combined with sprinkler irrigation proved to be the most effective combination among the tested practices under the given experimental conditions. The importance of adequate irrigation is also evident, namely in plots on which 50% drip irrigation was applied, the lowest yield was detected and according to the positive N balance, a higher potential for N losses is expected. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

  7. Test results: Halon 1301 versus water sprinkler fire protection for essential electronic equipment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reichelt, E. F.; Walker, J. L.; Vickers, R. N.; Kwan, A. J.

    1982-07-01

    This report describes results of testing two contending extinguishants, Halon 1301 and water, for fire protection of essential electronic equipment. A series of controlled fires in a facility housing an operational electronic data processing system sought to establish immediate and long term effects of exposure of sensitive electronic equipment and stored data to fire extinguishment atmospheres. Test results lead to the conclusion that Halon 1301 is superior to water as an extinguishant for fires occurring in essential electronic equipment installations.

  8. Fundamental Investigation of Interactions and Behavior Between Phase Change Materials and Liquid Metals in Nano-Micro Scale Volumes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-10-26

    low-melting solders, low-melting casting metal and fire-melted valve elements in sprinkler systems. The main properties of the two LMPs are shown in...signal amplitude has been set to make the test chip accelerate periodically with 3.37G. Subsequently, the signal amplitude has been change in order to...pattern even at strong acceleration with liquid paraffin flowing freely around the LMP. Slight deformation can be detected due to the strong

  9. Civilian Reuse of Former Military Bases. Summary of Completed Military Base Economic Adjustment Projects

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-06-01

    plants or for the expansion of existing firms. Services, explains that what attracted the company Reprinted with the permission of Area Develop- ment...upgrade the park’s appearance and to expand pany. Mr. Hayworth adds that the company had a water pressure for the plant sprinkler system. 26 difficult time...and Aviation Uses: Office indus- as the permanent staff for the Committee. trial parks or plants have been established at 75 of The EAC works with

  10. Practices for Alleviating Heat Stress of Dairy Cows in Humid Continental Climates: A Literature Review

    PubMed Central

    Fournel, Sébastien; Ouellet, Véronique; Charbonneau, Édith

    2017-01-01

    Simple Summary The severity of heat stress issues on dairy cows will increase as global warming progresses. Fortunately, major advances in environmental management, including fans, misters, sprinklers, and cooled waterbeds, can attenuate the effects of thermal stress on cow health, production, and reproduction. These cooling systems were, however, tested in subtropical areas and their efficiency in northern regions is uncertain. This article assesses the potential of existing technologies to cool cows in humid continental climates through calculation of heat stress indices. Abstract Heat stress negatively affects the health and performance of dairy cows, resulting in considerable economic losses for the industry. In future years, climate change will exacerbate these losses by making the climate warmer. Physical modification of the environment is considered to be the primary means of reducing adverse effects of hot weather conditions. At present, to reduce stressful heat exposure and to cool cows, dairy farms rely on shade screens and various forms of forced convection and evaporative cooling that may include fans and misters, feed-line sprinklers, and tunnel- or cross-ventilated buildings. However, these systems have been mainly tested in subtropical areas and thus their efficiency in humid continental climates, such as in the province of Québec, Canada, is unclear. Therefore, this study reviewed the available cooling applications and assessed their potential for northern regions. Thermal stress indices such as the temperature-humidity index (THI) were used to evaluate the different cooling strategies. PMID:28468329

  11. Wildfires

    MedlinePlus

    ... motels Expand sub-navigation Hotel fire safety tips Marijuana grow & extraction facilities Nightclubs and other assembly occupancies ... Fire behavior research Fire loss and injury research Benefits of home fire sprinklers Expand sub-navigation Environmental ...

  12. Earth observations taken from the shuttle Challenger during STS-41C

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-06-25

    41C-31-1002 (6-13 April 1984) --- Though previous photographs of this area have been taken prior to 41-C, that mission?s photography represents the best ever of ground water irrigation in Near East deserts. The system here is located in northeast Saudi Arabia, in the vicinity of Al Hufuf. Designed for use in the American west, the center pivot irrigation method pumps water from the ground and broadcasts it in a half-mile diameter circle from a mobile sprinkler system. This frame was one of the visuals used by the 41-C astronauts at their post-flight press conference.

  13. Comparison of the impact of six heat-load management strategies on thermal responses and milk production of feed-pad and pasture fed dairy cows in a subtropical environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Davison, T. M.; Jonsson, N. N.; Mayer, D. G.; Gaughan, J. B.; Ehrlich, W. K.; McGowan, M. R.

    2016-12-01

    Exposure to hot environments affects milk yield (MY) and milk composition of pasture and feed-pad fed dairy cows in subtropical regions. This study was undertaken during summer to compare MY and physiology of cows exposed to six heat-load management treatments. Seventy-eight Holstein-Friesian cows were blocked by season of calving, parity, milk yield, BW, and milk protein (%) and milk fat (%) measured in 2 weeks prior to the start of the study. Within blocks, cows were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: open-sided iron roofed day pen adjacent to dairy (CID) + sprinklers (SP); CID only; non-shaded pen adjacent to dairy + SP (NSD + SP); open-sided shade cloth roofed day pen adjacent to dairy (SCD); NSD + sprinkler (sprinkler on for 45 min at 1100 h if mean respiration rate >80 breaths per minute (NSD + WSP) ); open-sided shade cloth roofed structure over feed bunk in paddock + 1 km walk to and from the dairy (SCP + WLK). Sprinklers for CID + SP and NSD + SP cycled 2 min on, 12 min off when ambient temperature >26°C. The highest milk yields were in the CID + SP and CID treatments (23.9 L cow-1 day-1), intermediate for NSD + SP, SCD and SCP + WLK (22.4 L cow-1 day-1), and lowest for NSD + WSP (21.3 L cow-1 day-1) ( P < 0.05). The highest ( P < 0.05) feed intakes occurred in the CID + SP and CID treatments while intake was lowest ( P < 0.05) for NSD + WSP and SCP + WLK. Weather data were collected on site at 10-min intervals, and from these, THI was calculated. Nonlinear regression modelling of MY × THI and heat-load management treatment demonstrated that cows in CID + SP showed no decline in MY out to a THI break point value of 83.2, whereas the pooled MY of the other treatments declined when THI >80.7. A combination of iron roof shade plus water sprinkling throughout the day provided the most effective control of heat load.

  14. Dow’s fire and explosion index: a case-study in the process unit of an oil extraction factory

    PubMed Central

    Nezamodini, Zeynab Sadat; Rezvani, Zahra; Kian, Kumars

    2017-01-01

    Introduction The incidence of fires and explosions have led to severe damage in many industries, primarily in industries’ financial losses. This study was conducted to estimate losses due to fire and explosion and the impact of control measures on the number of losses applying Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index. Methods This is a case study conducted in one of the process units of an oil extraction factory. Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index Hazard classification guide, 7th edition, issued by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was applied. Data were obtained mainly through interviews and consultation with experts, as well as reported operating parameters and process documents. Results The Dow Index of the processing unit was estimated to be 243.68, and the most probable base damage was approximately $4.15 million in 2008. The actual damages were estimated to be $2,863,500, and the number of lost work days to be 64.56 days. The interruption losses were estimated to be $15,817,200 and the total losses to the system to be $18.67 million. These results demonstrated that losses resulting from production interruptions are greater than losses due to the destruction of equipment. A series of corrections was then proposed and risk analysis was performed again to examine the effects of reforms. The comparison shows that by applying reforms the FEI can change to 86.62 and the total loss can reduce to $9.03 million. Conclusion This study shows that Dow’s Index is a systematic tool to examine the impact of control measures. It also enhances resource management considering an optimal insurance contract. Considering the priority of reducing damage factors, several correction actions were suggested, such as modifying the drainage system, installation of hexane detectors, an automatic sprinkler system, fire detectors on the cable tray, and finally, using the water spray washing on the tanks. PMID:28465821

  15. Dow's fire and explosion index: a case-study in the process unit of an oil extraction factory.

    PubMed

    Nezamodini, Zeynab Sadat; Rezvani, Zahra; Kian, Kumars

    2017-02-01

    The incidence of fires and explosions have led to severe damage in many industries, primarily in industries' financial losses. This study was conducted to estimate losses due to fire and explosion and the impact of control measures on the number of losses applying Dow's Fire and Explosion Index. This is a case study conducted in one of the process units of an oil extraction factory. Dow's Fire and Explosion Index Hazard classification guide, 7 th edition, issued by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was applied. Data were obtained mainly through interviews and consultation with experts, as well as reported operating parameters and process documents. The Dow Index of the processing unit was estimated to be 243.68, and the most probable base damage was approximately $4.15 million in 2008. The actual damages were estimated to be $2,863,500, and the number of lost work days to be 64.56 days. The interruption losses were estimated to be $15,817,200 and the total losses to the system to be $18.67 million. These results demonstrated that losses resulting from production interruptions are greater than losses due to the destruction of equipment. A series of corrections was then proposed and risk analysis was performed again to examine the effects of reforms. The comparison shows that by applying reforms the FEI can change to 86.62 and the total loss can reduce to $9.03 million. This study shows that Dow's Index is a systematic tool to examine the impact of control measures. It also enhances resource management considering an optimal insurance contract. Considering the priority of reducing damage factors, several correction actions were suggested, such as modifying the drainage system, installation of hexane detectors, an automatic sprinkler system, fire detectors on the cable tray, and finally, using the water spray washing on the tanks.

  16. Response of a 2-story test-bed structure for the seismic evaluation of nonstructural systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soroushian, Siavash; Maragakis, E. "Manos"; Zaghi, Arash E.; Rahmanishamsi, Esmaeel; Itani, Ahmad M.; Pekcan, Gokhan

    2016-03-01

    A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-frame was subjected to a number of unidirectional ground motions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed frame was designed to study the seismic performance of nonstructural systems including steel-framed gypsum partition walls, suspended ceilings and fire sprinkler systems. The frame can be configured to perform as an elastic or inelastic system to generate large floor accelerations or large inter story drift, respectively. In this study, the dynamic performance of the linear and nonlinear test-beds was comprehensively studied. The seismic performance of nonstructural systems installed in the linear and nonlinear test-beds were assessed during extreme excitations. In addition, the dynamic interactions of the test-bed and installed nonstructural systems are investigated.

  17. Smoke Alarms for People Who Are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing

    MedlinePlus

    ... motels Expand sub-navigation Hotel fire safety tips Marijuana grow & extraction facilities Nightclubs and other assembly occupancies ... Fire behavior research Fire loss and injury research Benefits of home fire sprinklers Expand sub-navigation Environmental ...

  18. How the science of injury prevention contributes to advancing home fire safety in the USA: successes and opportunities.

    PubMed

    Gielen, Andrea C; Frattaroli, Shannon; Pollack, Keshia M; Peek-Asa, Corinne; Yang, Jingzhen G

    2018-06-01

    In the decades since the landmark report-America Burning-was published in 1973, the number of home fire deaths has shrunk from >5500 per year to 2650 in 2015. This paper: (1) describes how science and practice in injury prevention and fire and life safety contributed to successful interventions, and (2) identifies emerging strategies and future opportunities to prevent home fire-related deaths. The aims are addressed through the lens of population health research, with a focus on the work of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Injury Control Research Centers. Results are organised using the Haddon Matrix and an ecological model. We found evidence to support interventions that address all components of both the matrix and the model, including: reduced ignition propensity cigarettes, stop smoking campaigns, housing codes, residential sprinkler systems, smoke alarms, community risk reduction, school-based educational programmes, and fire and burn response systems. Future reductions are likely to come from enhancing residential sprinkler and smoke alarm technology, and increasing their utilisation; expanding the use of community risk reduction methods; and implementing new technological solutions. Despite the successes, substantial disparities in home fire death rates remain, reflecting underlying social determinants of health. Most of the evidence-supported interventions were focused on changing the policy and community environments to prevent home fires and reduce injury when a fire occurs. Future prevention efforts should give high priority to addressing the continued disparities in home fire deaths. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  19. Medicare and Medicaid programs; fire safety requirements for certain health care facilities; amendment. Interim final rule with comment period.

    PubMed

    2005-03-25

    This interim final rule with comment period adopts the substance of the April 15, 2004 temporary interim amendment (TIA) 00-1 (101), Alcohol Based Hand Rub Solutions, an amendment to the 2000 edition of the Life Safety Code, published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). This amendment will allow certain health care facilities to place alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in egress corridors under specified conditions. This interim final rule with comment period also requires that nursing facilities install smoke detectors in resident rooms and public areas if they do not have a sprinkler system installed throughout the facility or a hard-wired smoke detection system in those areas.

  20. TRANSMISSION OF ENTERIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH WASTEWATER IRRIGATION: A PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

    EPA Science Inventory

    We conducted a prospective epidemiological study of possible enteric disease transmission by aerosolized pathogens from sprinkler irrigation of partially treated wastewater in 20 kibbutzim (colllective agricultural settlements) in Isreal between March 1981 and February 1982. Medi...

  1. Based on the rainfall system platform raindrops research and analysis of pressure loss

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, Gang; Sun, Jian

    2018-01-01

    With the rapid development of China’s military career, land, sea and air force all services and equipment of modern equipment need to be in the rain test, and verify its might suffer during transportation, storage or use a different environment temperature lower water or use underwater, the water is derived from the heavy rain, the wind and rain, sprinkler system, splash water, water wheel, a violent shock waves or use underwater, etcTest the product performance and quality, under the condition of rainfall system platform in the process of development, how to control the raindrops pressure loss becomes the key to whether the system can simulate the real rainfall [1], this paper is according to the rainfall intensity, nozzle flow resistance, meet water flow of rain pressure loss calculation and analysis, and system arrangement of the optimal solution of rainfall is obtained [2].

  2. Development of a regionally consistent geospatial dataset of agricultural lands in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 2007-10

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Buto, Susan G.; Gold, Brittany L.; Jones, Kimberly A.

    2014-01-01

    Irrigation in arid environments can alter the natural rate at which salts are dissolved and transported to streams. Irrigated agricultural lands are the major anthropogenic source of dissolved solids in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). Understanding the location, spatial distribution, and irrigation status of agricultural lands and the method used to deliver water to agricultural lands are important to help improve the understanding of agriculturally derived dissolved-solids loading to surface water in the UCRB. Irrigation status is the presence or absence of irrigation on an agricultural field during the selected growing season or seasons. Irrigation method is the system used to irrigate a field. Irrigation method can broadly be grouped into sprinkler or flood methods, although other techniques such as drip irrigation are used in the UCRB. Flood irrigation generally causes greater dissolved-solids loading to streams than sprinkler irrigation. Agricultural lands in the UCRB mapped by state agencies at varying spatial and temporal resolutions were assembled and edited to represent conditions in the UCRB between 2007 and 2010. Edits were based on examination of 1-meter resolution aerial imagery collected between 2009 and 2011. Remote sensing classification techniques were used to classify irrigation status for the June to September growing seasons between 2007 and 2010. The final dataset contains polygons representing approximately 1,759,900 acres of agricultural lands in the UCRB. Approximately 66 percent of the mapped agricultural lands were likely irrigated during the study period.

  3. The case for distributed irrigation as a development priority in sub-Saharan Africa.

    PubMed

    Burney, Jennifer A; Naylor, Rosamond L; Postel, Sandra L

    2013-07-30

    Distributed irrigation systems are those in which the water access (via pump or human power), distribution (via furrow, watering can, sprinkler, drip lines, etc.), and use all occur at or near the same location. Distributed systems are typically privately owned and managed by individuals or groups, in contrast to centralized irrigation systems, which tend to be publicly operated and involve large water extractions and distribution over significant distances for use by scores of farmers. Here we draw on a growing body of evidence on smallholder farmers, distributed irrigation systems, and land and water resource availability across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to show how investments in distributed smallholder irrigation technologies might be used to (i) use the water sources of SSA more productively, (ii) improve nutritional outcomes and rural development throughout SSA, and (iii) narrow the income disparities that permit widespread hunger to persist despite aggregate economic advancement.

  4. Fire modeling in a nonventilated corridor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lulea, Marius Dorin; Iordache, Vlad; Năstase, Ilinca

    2018-02-01

    The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of fire in a nonventilated corridor. A real-scale model of a corridor has been modeled in Fire Dynamics Simulator(F.D.S.) in order to determine the evolution of indoor temperatures, the visibility and the oxygen quantities during a fire. The start time of a sprinkler has also been determined. The use of sprinklers in buildings has become a necessity and a requirement imposed by technical norms. The provision of this type of installation has become a common feature in buildings with a high fire risk, with two main effects: fire extinction and protection of structural and partition elements from high temperatures[15]. The ultimate goal is to ensure optimal conditions for saving the building users, intervention teams and maintaining the stability of the building. Low temperatures and good visibility on the escape routes during a fire are the basic conditions to ensure the optimal evacuation of users.

  5. SAFSIM theory manual: A computer program for the engineering simulation of flow systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dobranich, Dean

    1993-12-01

    SAFSIM (System Analysis Flow SIMulator) is a FORTRAN computer program for simulating the integrated performance of complex flow systems. SAFSIM provides sufficient versatility to allow the engineering simulation of almost any system, from a backyard sprinkler system to a clustered nuclear reactor propulsion system. In addition to versatility, speed and robustness are primary SAFSIM development goals. SAFSIM contains three basic physics modules: (1) a fluid mechanics module with flow network capability; (2) a structure heat transfer module with multiple convection and radiation exchange surface capability; and (3) a point reactor dynamics module with reactivity feedback and decay heat capability. Any or all of the physics modules can be implemented, as the problem dictates. SAFSIM can be used for compressible and incompressible, single-phase, multicomponent flow systems. Both the fluid mechanics and structure heat transfer modules employ a one-dimensional finite element modeling approach. This document contains a description of the theory incorporated in SAFSIM, including the governing equations, the numerical methods, and the overall system solution strategies.

  6. 49 CFR 236.504 - Operation interconnected with automatic block-signal system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operation interconnected with automatic block... Operation interconnected with automatic block-signal system. (a) A continuous inductive automatic train stop or train control system shall operate in connection with an automatic block signal system and shall...

  7. Soil management and conservation: Irrigation: Methods

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Irrigation applies water to soil to improve crop production. The three main methods of irrigation are surface, sprinkler and micro. Surface irrigation is used on 85% of the irrigated land in the world. It generally requires lower capital investment because the soil conveys water within the field, ra...

  8. A Deadly Blaze Prompts Action.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lords, Erik

    2000-01-01

    Describes efforts toward improved fire safety measures and regulations by individual institutions of higher education, states, national associations, and Congress after three students were killed in a dormitory fire at Seton Hall University (New Jersey) last fall. Emphasis is on the need for sprinklers in all dormitory rooms. (DB)

  9. 8. BUILDING 313, INTERIOR, EAST WALL OF EASTERN STOREROOM, LOOKING ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    8. BUILDING 313, INTERIOR, EAST WALL OF EASTERN STOREROOM, LOOKING NORTHEAST, WITH TIME CLOCK AND FIRE SPRINKLER CONTROLS ON WALL, AND ENTRY TO OFFICE AREA AT LEFT. - Oakland Naval Supply Center, General Storehouses, Between Third & Fourth Streets, North of A Street, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

  10. 49 CFR 236.552 - Insulation resistance; requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic... control system, or automatic train stop system shall be not less than one megohm, and that of an... system, automatic train control system, or automatic train stop system, and 20,000 ohms for an...

  11. Significant impacts of irrigation water sources and methods on modeling irrigation effects in the ACME Land Model

    DOE PAGES

    Leng, Guoyong; Leung, L. Ruby; Huang, Maoyi

    2017-06-20

    An irrigation module that considers both irrigation water sources and irrigation methods has been incorporated into the ACME Land Model (ALM). Global numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of irrigation water sources and irrigation methods on the simulated irrigation effects. All simulations shared the same irrigation soil moisture target constrained by a global census dataset of irrigation amounts. Irrigation has large impacts on terrestrial water balances especially in regions with extensive irrigation. Such effects depend on the irrigation water sources: surface-water-fed irrigation leads to decreases in runoff and water table depth, while groundwater-fed irrigation increases water table depth,more » with positive or negative effects on runoff depending on the pumping intensity. Irrigation effects also depend significantly on the irrigation methods. Flood irrigation applies water in large volumes within short durations, resulting in much larger impacts on runoff and water table depth than drip and sprinkler irrigations. Differentiating the irrigation water sources and methods is important not only for representing the distinct pathways of how irrigation influences the terrestrial water balances, but also for estimating irrigation water use efficiency. Specifically, groundwater pumping has lower irrigation water use efficiency due to enhanced recharge rates. Different irrigation methods also affect water use efficiency, with drip irrigation the most efficient followed by sprinkler and flood irrigation. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for irrigation sources and irrigation methods, which are the least understood and constrained aspects in modeling irrigation water demand, water scarcity and irrigation effects in Earth System Models.« less

  12. Significant impacts of irrigation water sources and methods on modeling irrigation effects in the ACME Land Model

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leng, Guoyong; Leung, L. Ruby; Huang, Maoyi

    An irrigation module that considers both irrigation water sources and irrigation methods has been incorporated into the ACME Land Model (ALM). Global numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of irrigation water sources and irrigation methods on the simulated irrigation effects. All simulations shared the same irrigation soil moisture target constrained by a global census dataset of irrigation amounts. Irrigation has large impacts on terrestrial water balances especially in regions with extensive irrigation. Such effects depend on the irrigation water sources: surface-water-fed irrigation leads to decreases in runoff and water table depth, while groundwater-fed irrigation increases water table depth,more » with positive or negative effects on runoff depending on the pumping intensity. Irrigation effects also depend significantly on the irrigation methods. Flood irrigation applies water in large volumes within short durations, resulting in much larger impacts on runoff and water table depth than drip and sprinkler irrigations. Differentiating the irrigation water sources and methods is important not only for representing the distinct pathways of how irrigation influences the terrestrial water balances, but also for estimating irrigation water use efficiency. Specifically, groundwater pumping has lower irrigation water use efficiency due to enhanced recharge rates. Different irrigation methods also affect water use efficiency, with drip irrigation the most efficient followed by sprinkler and flood irrigation. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for irrigation sources and irrigation methods, which are the least understood and constrained aspects in modeling irrigation water demand, water scarcity and irrigation effects in Earth System Models.« less

  13. A study of the effect of controlled drainage on surface runoff

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    There is uncertainty about the impact of drainage water management (DWM) on surface runoff, and concern that DWM may increase runoff. To examine this concern, water was applied by sprinkler irrigation to 8 plots which were individually equipped with instrumentation to measure both surface and subsur...

  14. Evaluation of critical temperatures for heat damage in northern highbush blueberry

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Overhead sprinklers are often used to cool blueberry fields in the Pacific Northwest, but more information is needed to determine exactly when cooling is needed. The objective of this study was to identify the critical temperatures for heat damage in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum...

  15. CCROP-Simulation model for container-grown nursery plant production.

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Container Crop Resource Optimization Program (CCROP) is an integrative model which simulates the growth and water and nutrient requirements of a woody ornamental shrub grown in small (2.8–11.4 L) containers in a field environment with overhead sprinkler irrigation. The model was developed for produc...

  16. Safe Passage

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Razwick, Jeff

    2007-01-01

    Many schools are almost entirely reliant on alarms and sprinklers for their fire protection. As these devices need to be triggered and supplied with power or water to work properly, they are vulnerable to errors. To provide adequate safety, a good fire-protection program must have three primary elements: fire protection and suppression, and…

  17. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...-16 Section 75.1107-16 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection Fire... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA...

  18. 30 CFR 75.1107-16 - Inspection of fire suppression devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-16 Section 75.1107-16 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection Fire... Systems” (NFPA No. 11A—1970). National Fire Code No. 13A “Care and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems” (NFPA...

  19. A Guide to Energy Savings - For the Livestock Producer.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van Arsdall, Roy N.

    This booklet gives a brief overview of energy use in livestock production and gives examples of cutting costs of field equipment use, grinding and preparing feed, managing range and herd, ventilating and heating, lighting, drying grain, and irrigating with sprinklers. Recordkeeping and estimating energy use is also discussed. (BB)

  20. 49 CFR 236.825 - System, automatic train control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false System, automatic train control. 236.825 Section..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.825 System, automatic train control. A system so arranged that its operation will automatically...

  1. 49 CFR 236.825 - System, automatic train control.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false System, automatic train control. 236.825 Section..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.825 System, automatic train control. A system so arranged that its operation will automatically...

  2. 49 CFR 236.826 - System, automatic train stop.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false System, automatic train stop. 236.826 Section 236..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.826 System, automatic train stop. A system so arranged that its operation will automatically...

  3. 49 CFR 236.826 - System, automatic train stop.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false System, automatic train stop. 236.826 Section 236..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.826 System, automatic train stop. A system so arranged that its operation will automatically...

  4. Automatic HDL firmware generation for FPGA-based reconfigurable measurement and control systems with mezzanines in FMC standard

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wojenski, Andrzej; Kasprowicz, Grzegorz; Pozniak, Krzysztof T.; Romaniuk, Ryszard

    2013-10-01

    The paper describes a concept of automatic firmware generation for reconfigurable measurement systems, which uses FPGA devices and measurement cards in FMC standard. Following sections are described in details: automatic HDL code generation for FPGA devices, automatic communication interfaces implementation, HDL drivers for measurement cards, automatic serial connection between multiple measurement backplane boards, automatic build of memory map (address space), automatic generated firmware management. Presented solutions are required in many advanced measurement systems, like Beam Position Monitors or GEM detectors. This work is a part of a wider project for automatic firmware generation and management of reconfigurable systems. Solutions presented in this paper are based on previous publication in SPIE.

  5. 49 CFR 236.824 - System, automatic block signal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false System, automatic block signal. 236.824 Section... § 236.824 System, automatic block signal. A block signal system wherein the use of each block is governed by an automatic block signal, cab signal, or both. ...

  6. Adaptive pseudolinear compensators of dynamic characteristics of automatic control systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skorospeshkin, M. V.; Sukhodoev, M. S.; Timoshenko, E. A.; Lenskiy, F. V.

    2016-04-01

    Adaptive pseudolinear gain and phase compensators of dynamic characteristics of automatic control systems are suggested. The automatic control system performance with adaptive compensators has been explored. The efficiency of pseudolinear adaptive compensators in the automatic control systems with time-varying parameters has been demonstrated.

  7. Integration of Hydrogeophysical Datasets for Improved Water Resource Management in Irrigated Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Finkenbiner, C. E.; Franz, T. E.; Heeren, D.; Gibson, J. P.; Russell, M. V.

    2016-12-01

    With an average irrigation water use efficiency of approximately 45% in the United States, improvements in water management can be made within agricultural systems. Advancements in precision irrigation technologies allow application rates and times to vary within a field. Current limitations in applying these technologies are often attributed to the quantification of soil spatial variability. This work aims to increase our understanding of soil hydrologic fluxes at intermediate spatial scales. Field capacity and wilting point values for a field near Sutherland, NE were downloaded from the USDA SSURGO database. Stationary and roving cosmic-ray neutron probes (CRNP) (sensor measurement volume of 300 m radius sphere and 30 cm vertical soil depth) were combined in order to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of soil moisture at the site. We used a data merging technique to produce a statistical daily soil moisture product at a range of key spatial scales in support of current irrigation technologies: the individual sprinkler ( 102 m2) for variable rate irrigation, the individual wedge ( 103 m2) for variable speed irrigation, and the quarter section (0.82 km2) for uniform rate irrigation. The results show our CRNP "observed" field capacity was higher compared to the SSURGO products. The measured hydraulic properties from sixty-two soil cores collected from the field correlate well with our "observed" CRNP values. We hypothesize that our results, when provided to irrigators, will decrease water losses due to runoff and deep percolation as sprinkler managers can better estimate irrigation application depths and times in relation to soil moisture depletion below field capacity and above maximum allowable depletion. The incorporation of the CRNP into current irrigation practices has the potential to greatly increase agricultural water use efficiency. Moreover, the defined soil hydraulic properties at various spatial scales offers additional valuable datasets for the land surface modeling community.

  8. 7 CFR 1940.311 - Environmental assessments for Class I actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... buildings, and wholesale industries, that: (i) Are confined to single, small sites; and (ii) Are not a... sprinklers designed to irrigate at least 80 acres, but no more than 160 acres and provided that no wetlands..., but no more than 10 acres, provided that no wetlands are affected. If wetlands are affected, the...

  9. Sprinkler Head Revisited: Momentum, Forces, and Flows in Machian Propulsion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jenkins, Alejandro

    2011-01-01

    Many experimenters, starting with Ernst Mach in 1883, have reported that if a device alternately sucks in and then expels a surrounding fluid, it moves in the same direction as if it only expelled fluid. This surprising phenomenon, which we call "Machian propulsion", is explained by conservation of momentum: the outflow efficiently transfers…

  10. Manure effects on soil N in eroded and non-eroded, sprinkler-irrigated soil

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Manure effects on nitrate-N transport through irrigated, low-organic matter calcareous soil are not well known. This field study quantified the effects of a one-time fall application of stockpiled dairy manure and urea on in-season and over-winter nitrate-N transport through non-eroded and eroded (...

  11. Incidence of bacterial diseases associated with irrigation methods on onions (Allium cepa).

    PubMed

    Chorolque, A; Pozzo Ardizzi, C; Pellejero, G; Aschkar, G; García Navarro, F J; Jiménez Ballesta, R

    2018-04-24

    In the last decade, diseases of bacterial origin in onions have increased and this has led to significant losses in production. These diseases are currently observed in both the Old and New Worlds. The aim of the experimental work reported here was to evaluate whether the irrigation method influences the incidence of diseases of bacterial origin. In cases where the inoculum was natural, the initial incidence of Soft Bacterial Rot was not manifested in any treatment in the first year, whereas at the end of the conservation period all treatments had increased incidences of infection. Sprinkler irrigation (8%) was statistically differentiated from the other treatments, for which the final incidence was similar (4.5%). For all irrigation treatments, the final incidence of Bacterial Soft Rot decreased or remained stable towards the end of the cycle, with the exception of sprinkler irrigation in 2015, which increased. It can be inferred from the results that the irrigation method does have an influence on the incidence of diseases of bacterial origin in the post-harvest stage for onions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  12. Bench Scale Saltcake Dissolution Test Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    BECHTOLD, D.B.; PACQUET, E.A.

    A potential scenario for retrieving saltcake from single shell tanks is the ''Rainbird{reg_sign} sprinkler'' method. Water is distributed evenly across the surface of the saltcake and allowed to percolate by gravity through the waste. The salt dissolves in the water, forming a saturated solution. The saturated liquid is removed by a saltwell pump situated near the bottom of the tank. By this method, there is never a large inventory of liquid in the tank that could pose a threat of leakage. There are many variables or factors that can influence the hydrodynamics of this retrieval process. They include saltcake porosity;more » saltwell pumping rate; salt dissolution chemistry; factors that could promote flow channeling (e.g. tank walls, dry wells, inclusions or discontinuities in the saltcake); method of water distribution; plug formation due to crystal formations or accumulation of insoluble solids. A brief literature search indicates that very little experimental data exist on these aspects of saltcake dissolution (Wiersma 1996, 1997). The tests reported here were planned (Herting, 2000) to provide preliminary data and information for planning future, scaled-up tests of the sprinkler method.« less

  13. 14 CFR 25.904 - Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Automatic takeoff thrust control system... Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS). Each applicant seeking approval for installation of an engine power control system that automatically resets the power or thrust on the operating engine(s) when...

  14. 14 CFR 25.904 - Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Automatic takeoff thrust control system... Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS). Each applicant seeking approval for installation of an engine power control system that automatically resets the power or thrust on the operating engine(s) when...

  15. Ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River Basin, south-central Utah, and simulation of ground-water flow in the valley-fill in Panguitch Valley.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Thiros, Susan A.; Brothers, William C.

    1993-01-01

    The ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River basin, primarily of the unconsolidated valley-fill aquifers, was studied from 1988 to 1989. Recharge to the valley-fill aquifers is mostly by seepage from surface-water sources. Changes in soil-moisture content am water levels were measured in Panguitch Valley both at a flood-irrigated and at a sprinkler-irrigated alfalfa field to quantify seepage from unconsumed irrigation water. Lag time between irrigation and water-level response decreased from 6 to 2 days in the flood-irrigated field as the soil-moisture content increased. Water levels measured in the sprinkler-irrigated field did not respond to irrigation. Discharge from the valley-fill aquifer to the Sevier River in Panguitch Valley is about 53,570 acre-feet per year.Water levels measured in wells from 1951 to 1989 tend to fluctuate with the quantity of precipitation falling at higher elevations. Ground-water discharge to the Sevier River in Panguitch Valley causes a general increase in the specific conductance of the river in a downstream direction.A three-layered ground-water-flow model was used to simulate the effects of changes in irrigation practices am increased ground-water withdrawals in Panguitch Valley. The establishment of initial conditions consisted of comparing simulated water levels and simulated gains and losses from the Sevier River and selected canals with values measured during the 1988 irrigation season. The model was calibrated by comparing water-level changes measured from 1961 to 1963 to simulated changes. A simulated change from flood to sprinkler irrigation resulted in a maximum decline in water level of 0.9 feet after the first year of change. Simulating additional discharge from wells resulted in drawdowns of about 20 feet after the first year of pumping.

  16. Radiation attenuation and opacity in smoke and water sprays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parent, Gilles; Boulet, Pascal; Morlon, Romain; Blanchard, Elizabeth

    2017-08-01

    Radiation attenuation through sprays, smoke and mixings of both media was studied in the infrared and in the visible range, by conducting real scale experiments in a corridor. The effect of water injection by a water mist nozzle and a sprinkler device was investigated. Radiation attenuation in the infrared range and opacity in the visible range were measured, by using a FTIR spectrometer and a dedicated opacimetry device especially designed for the present application. Experiments were done using either a blackbody source for attenuation characterization, or a heptane pool fire aimed at producing smoke for opacity measurements. For tests with smoke, the difficulties raised by the harsh environment involving a hot mixing of gas plus soot and vapor carrying water droplets were circumvented with an original device involving an optical fiber network. Mean infrared transmission was found equal to 12% for the water mist (with a 25 L/min water flowrate) and 37% for the sprinkler (with a 91 L/min water flowrate). Fitting the infrared transmission spectra with results obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation provided an estimation of the water volumetric fraction in the spray. It was shown that the better attenuation capability of the water mist is due to two factors: (1) a higher extinction coefficient of the water mist for a given water volumetric fraction due to the small size of the injected droplets and (2) a higher water volumetric fraction. Opacity measurements in the visible range yielded a measured extinction coefficient in good agreement with an estimation obtained with the Mie theory and the identified water volumetric fraction. Moreover, the water sprays (sprinkler or water mist) was seen to lead to a quick de-stratification of the smoke layer. When the spraying operation was stopped, the visibility re-increased in two main steps: a first step of fast increase and a second step of slow increase needing a few tens of seconds to get again a fully stratified smoke layer.

  17. Experience in connecting the power generating units of thermal power plants to automatic secondary frequency regulation within the united power system of Russia

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhukov, A. V.; Komarov, A. N.; Safronov, A. N.

    The principles of central control of the power generating units of thermal power plants by automatic secondary frequency and active power overcurrent regulation systems, and the algorithms for interactions between automatic power control systems for the power production units in thermal power plants and centralized systems for automatic frequency and power regulation, are discussed. The order of switching the power generating units of thermal power plants over to control by a centralized system for automatic frequency and power regulation and by the Central Coordinating System for automatic frequency and power regulation is presented. The results of full-scale system tests ofmore » the control of power generating units of the Kirishskaya, Stavropol, and Perm GRES (State Regional Electric Power Plants) by the Central Coordinating System for automatic frequency and power regulation at the United Power System of Russia on September 23-25, 2008, are reported.« less

  18. 30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire...

  19. 30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

  20. 30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

  1. 30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

  2. 30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

  3. The unbalanced signal measuring of automotive brake drum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Xiao-Dong; Ye, Sheng-Hua; Zhang, Bang-Cheng

    2005-04-01

    For the purpose of the research and development of automatic balancing system by mass removing, the dissertation deals with the measuring method of the unbalance signal, the design the automatic balance equipment and the software. This paper emphases the testing system of the balancer of automotive brake drum. The paper designs the band-pass filter product with favorable automatic follow of electronic product, and with favorable automatic follow capability, filtration effect and stability. The system of automatic balancing system by mass removing based on virtual instrument is designed in this paper. A lab system has been constructed. The results of contrast experiments indicate the notable effect of 1-plane automatic balance and the high precision of dynamic balance, and demonstrate the application value of the system.

  4. Mathematical model and calculation of water-cooling efficiency in a film-filled cooling tower

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Laptev, A. G.; Lapteva, E. A.

    2016-10-01

    Different approaches to simulation of momentum, mass, and energy transfer in packed beds are considered. The mathematical model of heat and mass transfer in a wetted packed bed for turbulent gas flow and laminar wave counter flow of the fluid film in sprinkler units of a water-cooling tower is presented. The packed bed is represented as the set of equivalent channels with correction to twisting. The idea put forward by P. Kapitsa on representation of waves on the interphase film surface as elements of the surface roughness in interaction with the gas flow is used. The temperature and moisture content profiles are found from the solution of differential equations of heat and mass transfer written for the equivalent channel with the volume heat and mass source. The equations for calculation of the average coefficients of heat emission and mass exchange in regular and irregular beds with different contact elements, as well as the expression for calculation of the average turbulent exchange coefficient are presented. The given formulas determine these coefficients for the known hydraulic resistance of the packed bed element. The results of solution of the system of equations are presented, and the water temperature profiles are shown for different sprinkler units in industrial water-cooling towers. The comparison with experimental data on thermal efficiency of the cooling tower is made; this allows one to determine the temperature of the cooled water at the output. The technical solutions on increasing the cooling tower performance by equalization of the air velocity profile at the input and creation of an additional phase contact region using irregular elements "Inzhekhim" are considered.

  5. 46 CFR 161.002-9 - Automatic fire detecting system, power supply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. 161.002-9 Section 161.002-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT...-9 Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. The power supply for an automatic fire detecting...

  6. 46 CFR 161.002-9 - Automatic fire detecting system, power supply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. 161.002-9 Section 161.002-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT...-9 Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. The power supply for an automatic fire detecting...

  7. COMBINED LABORATORY/FIELD STUDY ON THE USE OF NITRATE FOR IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF A FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER

    EPA Science Inventory

    A pilot demonstration project was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base, FL, to compare the extent of bioremediation of a fuel-contaminated aquifer using sprinkler application with and without nitrate addition on two adjacent 30 m x 30 m cells. Target compound groups included both B...

  8. SURVEY OF GROUND, SURFACE, AND POTABLE WATERS FOR THE PRESENCE OF LEGIONELLA SPECIES BY ENVIROAMP PCR LEGIONELLA KIT, CULTURE, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING

    EPA Science Inventory

    A total of 116 samples from numerous aquatic sources including water from faucets, showerheads, dental units, fire sprinklers, and surface waters were examined for the presence of Legionella by the EnviroAmp Legionella PCR kit, culture on BCYEx, or direct fluorescent antibody (DF...

  9. Ft. Collins Sugar Beet Germplasm Evaluated for Resistance to Rhizomania and Storability in Idaho, 2010

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Sugar beet germplasm and commercial check cultivars were evaluated in a sprinkler-irrigated sugar beet field near Kimberly, ID where sugar beet was grown in 2009. The field trial relied on natural inoculum for rhizomania development. The seed was treated with clothianidin (2.1 oz a.i. per 100,000 ...

  10. 46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., but not be limited to, automatic fire and smoke detecting systems, manual fire alarm systems, sample extraction smoke detection systems, watchman's supervisory systems, and combinations of these systems. (b) Automatic fire detecting systems. For the purpose of this subpart, automatic fire and smoke detecting...

  11. 46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., but not be limited to, automatic fire and smoke detecting systems, manual fire alarm systems, sample extraction smoke detection systems, watchman's supervisory systems, and combinations of these systems. (b) Automatic fire detecting systems. For the purpose of this subpart, automatic fire and smoke detecting...

  12. Central Facilities Area Sewage Lagoon Evaluation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Giesbrecht, Alan

    2015-03-01

    The Central Facilities Area (CFA) located in Butte County, Idaho at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has an existing wastewater system to collect and treat sanitary wastewater and non contact cooling water from the facility. The existing treatment facility consists of three cells: Cell 1 has a surface area of 1.7 acres, Cell 2 has a surface area of 10.3 acres, and Cell 3 has a surface area of 0.5 acres. If flows exceed the evaporative capacity of the cells, wastewater is discharged to a 73.5 acre land application site that utilizes a center pivot irrigation sprinkler system. The purpose ofmore » this current study is to update the analysis and conclusions of the December 2013 study. In this current study, the new seepage rate and influent flow rate data have been used to update the calculations, model, and analysis.« less

  13. 30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

  14. 30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

  15. 49 CFR 236.502 - Automatic brake application, initiation by restrictive block conditions stopping distance in...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Standards § 236.502 Automatic brake application, initiation by restrictive block conditions stopping distance in advance. An automatic train-stop or train-control system shall operate to...

  16. 30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

  17. 30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

  18. The design of automatic software testing module for civil aviation information system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qi, Qi; Sun, Yang

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, the practical innovation design is carried out according to the urgent needs of the automatic testing module of civil aviation information system. Firstly, the background and significance of the automatic testing module of civil aviation information system is expounded, and the current research status of automatic testing module and the advantages and disadvantages of related software are analyzed. Then, from the three aspects of macro demand, module functional requirement and module nonfunctional demand, we further study the needs of automatic testing module of civil aviation information system. Finally, from the four aspects of module structure, module core function, database and security, we have made an innovative plan for the automatic testing module of civil aviation information system.

  19. 33 CFR 401.20 - Automatic Identification System.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...' maritime Differential Global Positioning System radiobeacon services; or (7) The use of a temporary unit... Identification System. (a) Each of the following vessels must use an Automatic Identification System (AIS... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic Identification System...

  20. 49 CFR 235.5 - Changes requiring filing of application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... system, automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal system or other similar appliance or device..., automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal system; or (3) The modification of a block signal system, interlocking, traffic control system, automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal system. (b) [Reserved...

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