Sample records for automobiles

  1. 40 CFR 600.315-82 - Classes of comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classes of comparable automobiles. 600... 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.315-82 Classes of comparable automobiles. (a) The Secretary will classify automobiles as passenger automobiles or light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) in...

  2. 40 CFR 600.315-82 - Classes of comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Classes of comparable automobiles. 600... 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.315-82 Classes of comparable automobiles. (a) The Secretary will classify automobiles as passenger automobiles or light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) in...

  3. 49 CFR 523.4 - Passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Passenger automobile. 523.4 Section 523.4... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.4 Passenger automobile. A passenger automobile is any automobile (other than an automobile capable of off-highway operation) manufactured...

  4. 49 CFR 523.4 - Passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Passenger automobile. 523.4 Section 523.4... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.4 Passenger automobile. A passenger automobile is any automobile (other than an automobile capable of off-highway operation) manufactured...

  5. 49 CFR 523.4 - Passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Passenger automobile. 523.4 Section 523.4... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.4 Passenger automobile. A passenger automobile is any automobile (other than an automobile capable of off-highway operation) manufactured...

  6. 49 CFR 523.4 - Passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Passenger automobile. 523.4 Section 523.4... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.4 Passenger automobile. A passenger automobile is any automobile (other than an automobile capable of off-highway operation) manufactured...

  7. 49 CFR 523.4 - Passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Passenger automobile. 523.4 Section 523.4... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.4 Passenger automobile. A passenger automobile is any automobile (other than an automobile capable of off-highway operation) manufactured...

  8. 49 CFR 525.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the ratio of an automobile's engine rotational speed (in revolutions per minute) to the automobile's... defined in 40 CFR 600.002-77. (3) The term automobile means a vehicle determined by the Administrator under 49 CFR part 523 to be an automobile. (4) The term passenger automobile means an automobile...

  9. 49 CFR 525.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the ratio of an automobile's engine rotational speed (in revolutions per minute) to the automobile's... defined in 40 CFR 600.002-77. (3) The term automobile means a vehicle determined by the Administrator under 49 CFR part 523 to be an automobile. (4) The term passenger automobile means an automobile...

  10. 49 CFR 525.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the ratio of an automobile's engine rotational speed (in revolutions per minute) to the automobile's... defined in 40 CFR 600.002-77. (3) The term automobile means a vehicle determined by the Administrator under 49 CFR part 523 to be an automobile. (4) The term passenger automobile means an automobile...

  11. 49 CFR 525.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the ratio of an automobile's engine rotational speed (in revolutions per minute) to the automobile's... defined in 40 CFR 600.002-77. (3) The term automobile means a vehicle determined by the Administrator under 49 CFR part 523 to be an automobile. (4) The term passenger automobile means an automobile...

  12. 49 CFR 523.5 - Non-passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Non-passenger automobile. 523.5 Section 523.5... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.5 Non-passenger automobile. A non-passenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile or a work truck and includes...

  13. 49 CFR 523.5 - Non-passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Non-passenger automobile. 523.5 Section 523.5... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.5 Non-passenger automobile. A non-passenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile or a work truck and includes...

  14. 49 CFR 523.5 - Non-passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Non-passenger automobile. 523.5 Section 523.5... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.5 Non-passenger automobile. A non-passenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile or a work truck and includes...

  15. 49 CFR 523.5 - Non-passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Non-passenger automobile. 523.5 Section 523.5... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.5 Non-passenger automobile. A non-passenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile or a work truck and includes...

  16. 49 CFR 523.5 - Non-passenger automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Non-passenger automobile. 523.5 Section 523.5... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.5 Non-passenger automobile. A non-passenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile or a work truck and includes...

  17. 1 H-NMR with Multivariate Analysis for Automobile Lubricant Comparison.

    PubMed

    Kim, Siwon; Yoon, Dahye; Lee, Dong-Kye; Yoon, Changshin; Kim, Suhkmann

    2017-07-01

    Identification of suspected automobile-related lubricants could provide valuable information in forensic cases. We examined that automobile lubricants might exhibit the chemometric characteristics to their individual usages. To compare the degree of clustering in the plots, we co-plotted general industrial oils that were highly dissimilar with automobile lubricants in additive compositions. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used with multivariate statistics as a tool for grouping, clustering, and identification of automobile lubricants in laboratory conditions. We analyzed automobile lubricants including automobile engine oils, automobile transmission oils, automobile gear oils, and motorcycle oils. In contrast to the general industrial oils, automobile lubricants showed relatively high tendencies of clustering to their usages. Our pilot study demonstrated that the comparison of known and questioned samples to their usages might be possible in forensic fields. © 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

  18. 41 CFR 301-10.310 - What will I be reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government automobile and I use a privately...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead... automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead? (a) Reimbursement based on Government costs—Unless you are committed to using a Government automobile as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, your...

  19. 16 CFR 259.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply: (a) New automobile. Any passenger automobile or light truck for which a fuel economy label... manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and...

  20. 16 CFR 259.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply: (a) New automobile. Any passenger automobile or light truck for which a fuel economy label... manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and...

  1. 16 CFR 259.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply: (a) New automobile. Any passenger automobile or light truck for which a fuel economy label... manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and...

  2. 40 CFR 600.501-93 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.501-93 General... automobiles and light trucks, and to the manufacturers of passenger automobiles and light trucks as determined...

  3. 16 CFR 259.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply: (a) New automobile. Any passenger automobile or light truck for which a fuel economy label... manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and...

  4. 16 CFR 259.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply: (a) New automobile. Any passenger automobile or light truck for which a fuel economy label... manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and...

  5. 41 CFR 301-10.310 - What will I be reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile... owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead? You will be reimbursed based on a constructive mileage rate limited to the cost that would be incurred for use of a Government automobile. This...

  6. 41 CFR 301-10.310 - What will I be reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile... owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead? You will be reimbursed based on a constructive mileage rate limited to the cost that would be incurred for use of a Government automobile. This...

  7. 41 CFR 301-10.310 - What will I be reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile... owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead? You will be reimbursed based on a constructive mileage rate limited to the cost that would be incurred for use of a Government automobile. This...

  8. 41 CFR 301-10.310 - What will I be reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... reimbursed if I am authorized to use a Government owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile... owned automobile and I use a privately owned automobile instead? You will be reimbursed based on a constructive mileage rate limited to the cost that would be incurred for use of a Government automobile. This...

  9. Recent trends in automobile recycling: An energy and economic assessment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Curlee, T.R.; Das, S.; Rizy, C.G.

    1994-03-01

    Recent and anticipated trends in the material composition of domestic and imported automobiles and the increasing cost of landfilling the non-recyclable portion of automobiles (automobile shredder residue or ASR) pose questions about the future of automobile recycling. This report documents the findings of a study sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Environmental Analysis to examine the impacts of these and other relevant trends on the life-cycle energy consumption of automobiles and on the economic viability of the domestic automobile recycling industry. More specifically, the study (1) reviewed the status of the automobile recycling industry in the Unitedmore » States, including the current technologies used to process scrapped automobiles and the challenges facing the automobile recycling industry; (2) examined the current status and future trends of automobile recycling in Europe and Japan, with the objectives of identifying ``lessons learned`` and pinpointing differences between those areas and the United States; (3) developed estimates of the energy system impacts of the recycling status quo and projections of the probable energy impacts of alternative technical and institutional approaches to recycling; and (4) identified the key policy questions that will determine the future economic viability of automobile shredder facilities in the United States.« less

  10. 49 CFR 523.3 - Automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automobile. 523.3 Section 523.3 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.3 Automobile. (a) An automobile is any 4-wheeled... pounds and less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight are determined to be automobiles: (1) Vehicles...

  11. 49 CFR 523.3 - Automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automobile. 523.3 Section 523.3 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.3 Automobile. (a) An automobile is any 4-wheeled... pounds and less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight are determined to be automobiles: (1) Vehicles...

  12. 49 CFR 523.3 - Automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automobile. 523.3 Section 523.3 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.3 Automobile. (a) An automobile is any 4-wheeled... pounds and less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight are determined to be automobiles: (1) Vehicles...

  13. 49 CFR 523.3 - Automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automobile. 523.3 Section 523.3 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.3 Automobile. (a) An automobile is any 4-wheeled... pounds and less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight are determined to be automobiles: (1) Vehicles...

  14. 49 CFR 523.3 - Automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automobile. 523.3 Section 523.3 Transportation..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION § 523.3 Automobile. (a) An automobile is any 4-wheeled... pounds and less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight are determined to be automobiles: (1) Vehicles...

  15. 10 CFR 611.207 - Small automobile and component manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Small automobile and component manufacturers. 611.207... VEHICLES MANUFACTURER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Facility/Funding Awards § 611.207 Small automobile and component... individuals; and (2) Manufactures automobiles or components of automobiles. (b) Set Aside—Of the amount of...

  16. 49 CFR 529.4 - Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Requirements for incomplete automobile... AUTOMOBILES § 529.4 Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 529.5 and 529.6, each incomplete automobile manufacturer is considered, with...

  17. 49 CFR 529.4 - Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Requirements for incomplete automobile... AUTOMOBILES § 529.4 Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 529.5 and 529.6, each incomplete automobile manufacturer is considered, with...

  18. 49 CFR 529.4 - Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Requirements for incomplete automobile... AUTOMOBILES § 529.4 Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 529.5 and 529.6, each incomplete automobile manufacturer is considered, with...

  19. 20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

  20. 49 CFR 529.4 - Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Requirements for incomplete automobile... AUTOMOBILES § 529.4 Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 529.5 and 529.6, each incomplete automobile manufacturer is considered, with...

  1. 10 CFR 611.207 - Small automobile and component manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Small automobile and component manufacturers. 611.207... VEHICLES MANUFACTURER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Facility/Funding Awards § 611.207 Small automobile and component... individuals; and (2) Manufactures automobiles or components of automobiles. (b) Set Aside—Of the amount of...

  2. 49 CFR 529.4 - Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Requirements for incomplete automobile... AUTOMOBILES § 529.4 Requirements for incomplete automobile manufacturers. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 529.5 and 529.6, each incomplete automobile manufacturer is considered, with...

  3. 20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

  4. 75 FR 72965 - Federal Travel Regulation; Removal of Privately Owned Vehicle Rates; Privately Owned Automobile...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-29

    ... Rates; Privately Owned Automobile Mileage Reimbursement When Government Owned Automobiles Are Authorized... reimbursement amount for travelers who are authorized to use a Government Owned Automobile (GOA) for temporary duty travel (TDY) and choose to use their privately owned automobile (POA) instead; updates the...

  5. 20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

  6. 10 CFR 611.207 - Small automobile and component manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Small automobile and component manufacturers. 611.207... VEHICLES MANUFACTURER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Facility/Funding Awards § 611.207 Small automobile and component... individuals; and (2) Manufactures automobiles or components of automobiles. (b) Set Aside—Of the amount of...

  7. 10 CFR 611.207 - Small automobile and component manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Small automobile and component manufacturers. 611.207... VEHICLES MANUFACTURER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Facility/Funding Awards § 611.207 Small automobile and component... individuals; and (2) Manufactures automobiles or components of automobiles. (b) Set Aside—Of the amount of...

  8. 20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

  9. 20 CFR 416.1218 - Exclusion of the automobile.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exclusion of the automobile. 416.1218 Section..., BLIND, AND DISABLED Resources and Exclusions § 416.1218 Exclusion of the automobile. (a) Automobile; defined. As used in this section, the term automobile includes, in addition to passenger cars, other...

  10. 10 CFR 611.207 - Small automobile and component manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Small automobile and component manufacturers. 611.207... VEHICLES MANUFACTURER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Facility/Funding Awards § 611.207 Small automobile and component... individuals; and (2) Manufactures automobiles or components of automobiles. (b) Set Aside—Of the amount of...

  11. 19 CFR 148.39 - Rented automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rented automobiles. 148.39 Section 148.39 Customs... automobiles. (a) Importation for temporary period. An automobile rented by a resident of the United States... (HTSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), without payment of duty. The automobile shall be used for the transportation of...

  12. 19 CFR 148.39 - Rented automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Rented automobiles. 148.39 Section 148.39 Customs... automobiles. (a) Importation for temporary period. An automobile rented by a resident of the United States... (HTSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), without payment of duty. The automobile shall be used for the transportation of...

  13. 32 CFR 220.11 - Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance. 220.11 Section 220.11 National Defense Department of Defense... OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.11 Special rules for automobile liability...

  14. 32 CFR 220.11 - Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance. 220.11 Section 220.11 National Defense Department of Defense... OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.11 Special rules for automobile liability...

  15. 32 CFR 220.11 - Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance. 220.11 Section 220.11 National Defense Department of Defense... OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.11 Special rules for automobile liability...

  16. 32 CFR 220.11 - Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance. 220.11 Section 220.11 National Defense Department of Defense... OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.11 Special rules for automobile liability...

  17. 32 CFR 220.11 - Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special rules for automobile liability insurance and no-fault automobile insurance. 220.11 Section 220.11 National Defense Department of Defense... OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.11 Special rules for automobile liability...

  18. 19 CFR 148.39 - Rented automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Rented automobiles. 148.39 Section 148.39 Customs... automobiles. (a) Importation for temporary period. An automobile rented by a resident of the United States... (HTSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), without payment of duty. The automobile shall be used for the transportation of...

  19. 19 CFR 148.39 - Rented automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Rented automobiles. 148.39 Section 148.39 Customs... automobiles. (a) Importation for temporary period. An automobile rented by a resident of the United States... (HTSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), without payment of duty. The automobile shall be used for the transportation of...

  20. 19 CFR 148.39 - Rented automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Rented automobiles. 148.39 Section 148.39 Customs... automobiles. (a) Importation for temporary period. An automobile rented by a resident of the United States... (HTSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), without payment of duty. The automobile shall be used for the transportation of...

  1. The Hybrid Automobile and the Atkinson Cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feldman, Bernard J.

    2008-10-01

    The hybrid automobile is a strikingly new automobile technology with a number of new technological features that dramatically improve energy efficiency. This paper will briefly describe how hybrid automobiles work; what are these new technological features; why the Toyota Prius hybrid internal combustion engine operates on the Atkinson cycle instead of the Otto cycle; and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid automobile. This is a follow-up to my two previous papers on the physics of automobile engines.1,2

  2. Promotion Models and Achievements of New-energy Automobiles in Shenzhen

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cai, Yu; Xiong, Siqin; Bai, Bo; Ma, Xiaoming

    2017-08-01

    As one of the pilot cities in China for demonstration and promotion of new-energy automobiles, Shenzhen, driven by the “two engines” of the government and the market, has made swift progress in promotion of its new-energy automobiles. This paper analyses Shenzhen’s governmental promotion policy concerning new-energy automobiles, summarizes Shenzhen’s commercial models for promoting new-energy automobiles, and is expected to provide reference for other provinces and cities to promote new-energy automobiles.

  3. Future of the world's automobile industry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kagawa, T.

    1989-03-01

    The author feels that the Japanese automobile industry is approaching a turning point. But it is not enough to refer only to the changing structure of the Japanese automobile industry when similar structural changes are taking place on a worldwide scale. Therefore he first comments on the current state of the automobile industry of the world, and then reviews the reasons for the gap between automobile production and demand and the historical background of this phenomenon. Then, finally, he discusses the current progress of and future challenges in the structural adjustment of the global automobile industry. He notes the verymore » close relation of the battery industry to the automobile industry, and hopes the former will prosper hand in hand with the latter. 6 tables.« less

  4. Regulating automobile pollution under certainty, competition, and imperfect information

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Innes, R.

    1996-09-01

    This paper studies an integrated economic model of automobile emissions that incorporates consumer mileage, automobile features, and fuel content choices. Optimal regulatory policies are shown to include fuel content standards, gasoline taxes, and direct automobile regulation or taxation.

  5. 40 CFR 600.501-85 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's... gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles. (b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt...

  6. 40 CFR 600.501-86 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's... subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles. (b)(1...

  7. 40 CFR 600.501-86 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.501-86 General... and diesel automobiles. (b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the...

  8. 49 CFR 176.90 - Private automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Private automobiles. 176.90 Section 176.90 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... § 176.90 Private automobiles. A private automobile which is carrying any Class 1 (explosive) material...

  9. 40 CFR 600.512-86 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... submitted. (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified...

  10. 49 CFR 176.90 - Private automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Private automobiles. 176.90 Section 176.90 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... § 176.90 Private automobiles. A private automobile which is carrying any Class 1 (explosive) material...

  11. 49 CFR 176.90 - Private automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Private automobiles. 176.90 Section 176.90 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... § 176.90 Private automobiles. A private automobile which is carrying any Class 1 (explosive) material...

  12. 49 CFR 176.90 - Private automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Private automobiles. 176.90 Section 176.90 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... § 176.90 Private automobiles. A private automobile which is carrying any Class 1 (explosive) material...

  13. 40 CFR 600.511-80 - Determination of domestic production.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...) Except with advance approval of the Administrator, an automobile shall be considered domestically...

  14. 40 CFR 600.501-93 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's... subpart are applicable to 1993 and later model year passenger automobiles and light trucks, and to the...

  15. 49 CFR 176.90 - Private automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Private automobiles. 176.90 Section 176.90 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... § 176.90 Private automobiles. A private automobile which is carrying any Class 1 (explosive) material...

  16. 40 CFR 600.512-01 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... report must be submitted. (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light...

  17. 40 CFR 600.501-12 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's... subpart are applicable to 2012 and later model year passenger automobiles and light trucks and to the...

  18. 40 CFR 600.512-08 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... report must be submitted. (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light...

  19. 40 CFR 600.002-08 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... alcohols, in any combination. Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on... meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.3. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD...

  20. 40 CFR 600.512-12 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510). (c...

  1. 38 CFR 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... automobile adaptive equipment. 17.156 Section 17.156 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL Automotive Equipment and Driver Training § 17.156 Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment. Automobile adaptive equipment may be authorized if the Under Secretary for Health or...

  2. 40 CFR 600.513-08 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the model year of those vehicles. For alcohol dual...

  3. 49 CFR 529.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory terms. (1) The term automobile is used as defined in section 501 of the Act and in accordance with the...) Completed automobile means an automobile that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its...

  4. 78 FR 76626 - Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... use of privately owned automobiles (POA), POAs when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized... reviewing the annual standard automobile study contracted for by the Internal Revenue Service, as well as conducting independent automobile, motorcycle, and aircraft studies that evaluate various factors, such as...

  5. 40 CFR 600.501-12 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.501-12 General applicability. The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 2012 and later model year passenger automobiles...

  6. 38 CFR 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... automobile adaptive equipment. 17.156 Section 17.156 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL Automotive Equipment and Driver Training § 17.156 Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment. Automobile adaptive equipment may be authorized if the Under Secretary for Health or...

  7. 38 CFR 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... automobile adaptive equipment. 17.156 Section 17.156 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL Automotive Equipment and Driver Training § 17.156 Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment. Automobile adaptive equipment may be authorized if the Under Secretary for Health or...

  8. 38 CFR 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... automobile adaptive equipment. 17.156 Section 17.156 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL Automotive Equipment and Driver Training § 17.156 Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment. Automobile adaptive equipment may be authorized if the Under Secretary for Health or...

  9. 40 CFR 600.514-12 - Reports to the Environmental Protection Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and... Agency. This section establishes requirements for automobile manufacturers to submit reports to the...

  10. 40 CFR 600.501-85 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.501-85 General... applicable to 1985 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles. (b)(1) Manufacturers that...

  11. 49 CFR 529.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory terms. (1) The term automobile is used as defined in section 501 of the Act and in accordance with the...) Completed automobile means an automobile that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its...

  12. 40 CFR 600.513-81 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... to passenger automobiles exempted from Gas Guzzler Tax assessments by the Energy Tax Act of 1978 and...

  13. 49 CFR 529.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory terms. (1) The term automobile is used as defined in section 501 of the Act and in accordance with the...) Completed automobile means an automobile that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its...

  14. 38 CFR 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... automobile adaptive equipment. 17.156 Section 17.156 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL Automotive Equipment and Driver Training § 17.156 Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment. Automobile adaptive equipment may be authorized if the Under Secretary for Health or...

  15. 40 CFR 600.513-91 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon... automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the model year of those vehicles. For alcohol dual...

  16. 49 CFR 529.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory terms. (1) The term automobile is used as defined in section 501 of the Act and in accordance with the...) Completed automobile means an automobile that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its...

  17. 49 CFR 529.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory terms. (1) The term automobile is used as defined in section 501 of the Act and in accordance with the...) Completed automobile means an automobile that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its...

  18. 77 FR 76487 - Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-28

    ... owned automobiles (POA), POAs when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized, privately owned... annual standard automobile study contracted for by the Internal Revenue Service, as well as conducting independent automobile, motorcycle, and aircraft studies that evaluate various factors, such as the cost of...

  19. Bundled automobile insurance coverage and accidents.

    PubMed

    Li, Chu-Shiu; Liu, Chwen-Chi; Peng, Sheng-Chang

    2013-01-01

    This paper investigates the characteristics of automobile accidents by taking into account two types of automobile insurance coverage: comprehensive vehicle physical damage insurance and voluntary third-party liability insurance. By using a unique data set in the Taiwanese automobile insurance market, we explore the bundled automobile insurance coverage and the occurrence of claims. It is shown that vehicle physical damage insurance is the major automobile coverage and affects the decision to purchase voluntary liability insurance coverage as a complement. Moreover, policyholders with high vehicle physical damage insurance coverage have a significantly higher probability of filing vehicle damage claims, and if they additionally purchase low voluntary liability insurance coverage, their accident claims probability is higher than those who purchase high voluntary liability insurance coverage. Our empirical results reveal that additional automobile insurance coverage information can capture more driver characteristics and driving behaviors to provide useful information for insurers' underwriting policies and to help analyze the occurrence of automobile accidents. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. 40 CFR 600.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... trucks”). Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in § 86.1803 of..., in any combination. Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate on alcohol, but not on gasoline. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on...

  1. Cost Vs. Carnage in Automobile Design.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    King, George James

    This research report investigates the need for improved automobile design and safety equipment, what the manufacturers have done about automobile safety, and what could be done. Data were collected from the three major American automobile manufacturers, from federal regulatory agencies, and from insurance companies and others interested in auto…

  2. 41 CFR 102-34.45 - How are passenger automobiles classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... automobiles classified? 102-34.45 Section 102-34.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... MANAGEMENT Obtaining Fuel Efficient Motor Vehicles § 102-34.45 How are passenger automobiles classified? Passenger automobiles are classified in the following table: Sedan class Station wagon class Descriptive...

  3. 49 CFR 536.9 - Use of credits with regard to the domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. 536.9 Section 536.9 Transportation Other Regulations... domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. (a) Each manufacturer is responsible for..., the domestically manufactured passenger automobile compliance category credit excess or shortfall is...

  4. 40 CFR 600.513-91 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.513-91 Gas Guzzler Tax. (a) This section applies only to passenger automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the...

  5. 40 CFR 600.513-08 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.513-08 Gas Guzzler Tax. (a) This section applies only to passenger automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the...

  6. 41 CFR 102-34.45 - How are passenger automobiles classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... automobiles classified? 102-34.45 Section 102-34.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... MANAGEMENT Obtaining Fuel Efficient Motor Vehicles § 102-34.45 How are passenger automobiles classified? Passenger automobiles are classified in the following table: Sedan class Station wagon class Descriptive...

  7. 41 CFR 102-34.45 - How are passenger automobiles classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... automobiles classified? 102-34.45 Section 102-34.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... MANAGEMENT Obtaining Fuel Efficient Motor Vehicles § 102-34.45 How are passenger automobiles classified? Passenger automobiles are classified in the following table: Sedan class Station wagon class Descriptive...

  8. 49 CFR 536.9 - Use of credits with regard to the domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. 536.9 Section 536.9 Transportation Other Regulations... domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. (a) Each manufacturer is responsible for..., the domestically manufactured passenger automobile compliance category credit excess or shortfall is...

  9. 41 CFR 102-34.45 - How are passenger automobiles classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... automobiles classified? 102-34.45 Section 102-34.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... MANAGEMENT Obtaining Fuel Efficient Motor Vehicles § 102-34.45 How are passenger automobiles classified? Passenger automobiles are classified in the following table: Sedan class Station wagon class Descriptive...

  10. 49 CFR 536.9 - Use of credits with regard to the domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. 536.9 Section 536.9 Transportation Other Regulations... domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. (a) Each manufacturer is responsible for..., the domestically manufactured passenger automobile compliance category credit excess or shortfall is...

  11. 40 CFR 600.512-12 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.512-12 Model year report. (a... must be submitted. (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks...

  12. 40 CFR 600.511-80 - Determination of domestic production.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600... automobile shall be considered domestically produced in any model year if it is included within a...

  13. 75 FR 24404 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Volatile Organic Compound...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-05

    ... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Volatile Organic Compound Automobile Refinishing... approving into the Indiana State Implementation Plan (SIP) amendments to Indiana's automobile refinishing... (VOC) automobile refinishing rules to all persons in Indiana who sell or manufacture automobile...

  14. 49 CFR 536.9 - Use of credits with regard to the domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. 536.9 Section 536.9 Transportation Other Regulations... domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. (a) Each manufacturer is responsible for..., the domestically manufactured passenger automobile compliance category credit excess or shortfall is...

  15. 41 CFR 102-34.45 - How are passenger automobiles classified?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... automobiles classified? 102-34.45 Section 102-34.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... MANAGEMENT Obtaining Fuel Efficient Motor Vehicles § 102-34.45 How are passenger automobiles classified? Passenger automobiles are classified in the following table: Sedan class Station wagon class Descriptive...

  16. 49 CFR 536.9 - Use of credits with regard to the domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. 536.9 Section 536.9 Transportation Other Regulations... domestically manufactured passenger automobile minimum standard. (a) Each manufacturer is responsible for..., the domestically manufactured passenger automobile compliance category credit excess or shortfall is...

  17. 40 CFR 600.513-81 - Gas Guzzler Tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.513-81 Gas Guzzler Tax. (a)(1) The provisions of this section do not apply to passenger automobiles exempted from Gas Guzzler...

  18. The automobile share

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fiala, E.

    1996-12-31

    Out of a conversion of 120 billions metric tons of fossil carbon per year 1 billion are traffic related. But this amount is growing steadily. The global automobile density is about 10 automobiles per capita. It grows with 1.7% per year, as fast as the population. The number of automobiles doubles in 25 years. In all groups of developed countries the automobile density increased from 5 to 50 automobiles per capita in less than 50 years so far. Where is the fuel for the 1 billion automobiles of the year 2030 or 2050? Can one reduce this number or whatmore » chances does one have to reduce the adverse consequences? Whatever the number of motor vehicles will be, man will have the chance to reduce fuel consumption and therefore CO{sub 2}-emission together with other emissions considerably.« less

  19. 40 CFR 600.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...”). Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in § 86.1803 of this chapter... combination. Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline...

  20. 40 CFR 600.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...”). Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in § 86.1803 of this chapter... combination. Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline...

  1. 38 CFR 3.808 - Automobiles or other conveyances; certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automobiles or other....808 Automobiles or other conveyances; certification. (a) Entitlement. A certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of one automobile or other conveyance in an amount not exceeding the...

  2. 40 CFR 600.510-08 - Calculation of average fuel economy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the classes of automobiles identified...

  3. 40 CFR 600.311-08 - Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... automobiles. 600.311-08 Section 600.311-08 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.311-08 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The Administrator will determine the range of combined fuel economy values for...

  4. 38 CFR 3.808 - Automobiles or other conveyances; certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automobiles or other....808 Automobiles or other conveyances; certification. (a) Entitlement. A certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of one automobile or other conveyance in an amount not exceeding the...

  5. 38 CFR 3.808 - Automobiles or other conveyances; certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automobiles or other....808 Automobiles or other conveyances; certification. (a) Entitlement. A certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of one automobile or other conveyance in an amount not exceeding the...

  6. 40 CFR 600.510-86 - Calculation of average fuel economy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the classes of automobiles identified...

  7. 40 CFR 600.311-08 - Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... automobiles. 600.311-08 Section 600.311-08 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Labeling § 600.311-08 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The Administrator will determine the range of combined fuel economy values for each class of comparable automobiles comprising the...

  8. 76 FR 44402 - Proposed Information Collection (Application for Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-25

    ... (Application for Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment) Activity: Comment Request AGENCY... information needed to determine claimants' eligibility for automobile adaptation equipment or other conveyance...: Application for Automobile or other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment (under 38 U.S.C. 3901-3904), VA Form 21...

  9. 77 FR 2297 - Office of Asset and Transportation Management; Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-17

    ... review has resulted in no rate changes when employees use their privately owned automobile (POA), their POA when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized, their privately owned airplane, and/or... privately owned automobile (POA), their POA when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized, their...

  10. 40 CFR 600.510-93 - Calculation of average fuel economy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the classes of automobiles identified...

  11. 17 CFR 256.309 - Automobiles, other vehicles, and related garage equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Automobiles, other vehicles... § 256.309 Automobiles, other vehicles, and related garage equipment. This account shall include the delivered cost of all service company owned automobiles, vans, trucks, and other vehicles used by the...

  12. 40 CFR 600.512-08 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.512-08 Model year report. (a... shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510). (c) The...

  13. 38 CFR 3.808 - Automobiles or other conveyances and adaptive equipment; certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automobiles or other... Special Benefits § 3.808 Automobiles or other conveyances and adaptive equipment; certification. (a) Entitlement. A certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of one automobile or other...

  14. The Hybrid Automobile and the Atkinson Cycle

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Feldman, Bernard J.

    2008-01-01

    The hybrid automobile is a strikingly new automobile technology with a number of new technological features that dramatically improve energy efficiency. This paper will briefly describe how hybrid automobiles work; what are these new technological features; why the Toyota Prius hybrid internal combustion engine operates on the Atkinson cycle…

  15. 40 CFR 600.512-86 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.512-86 Model year report. (a... for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510). (c) The model year report...

  16. 17 CFR 256.309 - Automobiles, other vehicles, and related garage equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Automobiles, other vehicles... § 256.309 Automobiles, other vehicles, and related garage equipment. This account shall include the delivered cost of all service company owned automobiles, vans, trucks, and other vehicles used by the...

  17. 76 FR 61779 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-05

    ... (Application for Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY... INFORMATION: Title: Application for Automobile or other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment (under 38 U.S.C... apply for automobile or other conveyance allowance, and reimbursement for the cost and installation of...

  18. 38 CFR 3.808 - Automobiles or other conveyances; certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automobiles or other....808 Automobiles or other conveyances; certification. (a) Entitlement. A certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of one automobile or other conveyance in an amount not exceeding the...

  19. 40 CFR 600.512-01 - Model year report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.512-01 Model year report. (a... shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510). (c) The...

  20. 40 CFR 600.311-08 - Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... automobiles. 600.311-08 Section 600.311-08 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Labeling § 600.311-08 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The Administrator will determine the range of combined fuel economy values for each class of comparable automobiles comprising the...

  1. Methane and nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O) emission characteristics from automobiles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koike, Noriyuki; Odaka, Matsuo

    Exhaust gases discharged from automobiles are noticed as one of the reasons for recent increase in atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide concentration, which have been considered as greenhouse gases. In order to make an accurate estimation of methane and nitrous oxide discharged from automobiles, measurement methods were experimentally developed and emissions were measured for different kinds of automobiles under various driving conditions. Then, the authors have tried to estimate the annual global emissions from automobiles using these measurement results and statistical data such as the number of automobiles, the total annual mileage, and the total annual fuel consumption, etc. Themore » emissions from passenger vehicles which have been estimated from the global number of automobiles were 477.263 t/year for methane and 313.472 t/year for nitrous oxide. These numbers are higher than what had been estimated.« less

  2. Hand dismantling and shredding of Japanese automobiles to determine material contents and metal recoveries. Report of investigations/1984

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sterner, J.W.; Steele, D.K.; Shirts, M.B.

    The Bureau of Mines conducted studies on four makes of Japanese automobiles, three 1981 and one 1982 model years, received from three manufacturers to determine if their materials composition would present problems to the current technology used to process junk automobiles for metal recovery. One of each make of automobile was hand-dismantled to determine the materials composition. In addition, two nearly identical automobiles of each make were shredded at a commercial operation where all metal products and rejects were collected for analysis to determine metal and nonmetal distribution. The average weight of the four automobiles to be dismantled, less batteries,more » tools, and fluids, was 1,938.3 lb. There were no materials used in the manufacture of the late model Japanese automobiles that should present handling or processing problems to the steelmaking or secondary metal recyclers.« less

  3. 41 CFR 109-38.104 - Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... automobiles and light trucks. 109-38.104 Section 109-38.104 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... Vehicles § 109-38.104 Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks. (a) [Reserved] (b) All requests to purchase passenger automobiles larger than class IA, IB, or II (small, subcompact, or compact...

  4. 41 CFR 109-38.104 - Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... automobiles and light trucks. 109-38.104 Section 109-38.104 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... Vehicles § 109-38.104 Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks. (a) [Reserved] (b) All requests to purchase passenger automobiles larger than class IA, IB, or II (small, subcompact, or compact...

  5. 29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck, Farm Implement, Trailer, and Aircraft Sales and Services § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and farm implement...

  6. 40 CFR 600.510-12 - Calculation of average fuel economy and average carbon-related exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... MOTOR VEHICLES Fuel Economy Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer... will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the categories of automobiles identified in this section...

  7. 41 CFR 109-38.104 - Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... automobiles and light trucks. 109-38.104 Section 109-38.104 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... Vehicles § 109-38.104 Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks. (a) [Reserved] (b) All requests to purchase passenger automobiles larger than class IA, IB, or II (small, subcompact, or compact...

  8. 25 CFR 11.419 - Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. 11... OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.419 Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. A person commits a misdemeanor if he or she operates another person's automobile...

  9. 41 CFR 109-38.104 - Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... automobiles and light trucks. 109-38.104 Section 109-38.104 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... Vehicles § 109-38.104 Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks. (a) [Reserved] (b) All requests to purchase passenger automobiles larger than class IA, IB, or II (small, subcompact, or compact...

  10. 25 CFR 11.419 - Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. 11... OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.419 Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. A person commits a misdemeanor if he or she operates another person's automobile...

  11. 40 CFR 600.311-86 - Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... automobiles. 600.311-86 Section 600.311-86 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.311-86 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The Administrator will determine the range of city and the range of highway fuel...

  12. 25 CFR 11.419 - Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. 11... OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.419 Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. A person commits a misdemeanor if he or she operates another person's automobile...

  13. 25 CFR 11.419 - Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. 11... OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.419 Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. A person commits a misdemeanor if he or she operates another person's automobile...

  14. 25 CFR 11.419 - Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. 11.419... OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.419 Unauthorized use of automobiles and other vehicles. A person commits a misdemeanor if he or she operates another person's automobile, airplane...

  15. 41 CFR 109-38.104 - Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... automobiles and light trucks. 109-38.104 Section 109-38.104 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... Vehicles § 109-38.104 Fuel efficient passenger automobiles and light trucks. (a) [Reserved] (b) All requests to purchase passenger automobiles larger than class IA, IB, or II (small, subcompact, or compact...

  16. Assessment of Levels of Ultraviolet A Light Protection in Automobile Windshields and Side Windows.

    PubMed

    Boxer Wachler, Brian S

    2016-07-01

    Ultraviolet A (UV-A) light is associated with the risks of cataract and skin cancer. To assess the level of UV-A light protection in the front windshields and side windows of automobiles. In this cross-sectional study, 29 automobiles from 15 automobile manufacturers were analyzed. The outside ambient UV-A radiation, along with UV-A radiation behind the front windshield and behind the driver's side window of all automobiles, was measured. The years of the automobiles ranged from 1990 to 2014, with an average year of 2010. The automobile dealerships were located in Los Angeles, California. Amount of UV-A blockage from windshields and side windows. The average percentage of front-windshield UV-A blockage was 96% (range, 95%-98% [95% CI, 95.7%-96.3%]) and was higher than the average percentage of side-window blockage, which was 71% (range, 44%-96% [95% CI, 66.4%-75.6%]). The difference between these average percentages is 25% (95% CI, 21%-30% [P < .001]). A high level of side-window UV-A blockage (>90%) was found in 4 of 29 automobiles (13.8%). The level of front-windshield UV-A protection was consistently high among automobiles. The level of side-window UV-A protection was lower and highly variable. These results may in part explain the reported increased rates of cataract in left eyes and left-sided facial skin cancer. Automakers may wish to consider increasing the degree of UV-A protection in the side windows of automobiles.

  17. Evaluation of the effects of toluene inhalation on alveolar epithelial permeability by 99mTc-DTPA inhalation scintigraphy in automobile painters.

    PubMed

    Cerci, Sevim Sureyya; Ozturk, Onder; Sutcu, Recep; Ozbek, Feride Meltem; Baydar, Cetin Lutfi; Yildiz, Mustafa; Akkaya, Ahmet; Delibas, Namk

    2008-01-01

    The main component of paint thinner used in industry is toluene diisocyanate (TDI) which can cause occupational asthma in 5-10% of exposed workers. To investigate the effect of TDI on 99mTc clearance rate of alveolar epithelium and on pulmonary function tests (PFT) in automobile painters, and to determine the relationship between 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol lung scintigraphy and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes and metalloproteinases (MMPs) of automobile painters. Twenty-eight automobile painters and 13 control subjects were included in the study. 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy and PFT were administered to all subjects. Clearance half-time (T1/2) and penetration index (PI) on the first-minute image after 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy were calculated. Blood levels of MDA, antioxidant enzymes and metalloproteinases were measured. The mean T1/2 values of automobile painters were longer in both smoker and non-smoker subjects, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Although the PFT values decreased in automobile painters, there was no significant difference between each group. Any correlation between spirometric measurements and T1/2 or PI values in non-smoking automobile painters was not detected. Negative correlation among mean T1/2 value and FVC% and FEV1% in smoking automobile painters, and positive correlation between mean T1/2 value and MMP-9, GSH-Px levels in non-smoking automobile painters were detected. Our results suggested that the clearance of 99mTc-DTPA from the lungs of automobile painters was slower than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. This data also supports the observation that TDI occasionally stimulates bronchial changes rather than alveolar changes in automobile painters.

  18. 29 CFR 500.104 - Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and... of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of seventy-five... transportation in passenger automobiles and station wagons and other vehicles used only for transportation as...

  19. 49 CFR 393.128 - What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false What are the rules for securing automobiles, light... automobiles, light trucks and vans? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less...

  20. 41 CFR 301-10.220 - What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? 301-10.220 Section 301-10.220 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Government Vehicle Government Automobiles § 301-10.220 What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? You must possess...

  1. 29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

  2. 19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

  3. 29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

  4. 19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

  5. 29 CFR 500.104 - Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and... of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of seventy-five... transportation in passenger automobiles and station wagons and other vehicles used only for transportation as...

  6. 19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

  7. 19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

  8. 19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

  9. 49 CFR 393.128 - What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What are the rules for securing automobiles, light... automobiles, light trucks and vans? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less...

  10. 41 CFR 301-10.220 - What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? 301-10.220 Section 301-10.220 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Government Vehicle Government Automobiles § 301-10.220 What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? You must possess...

  11. 49 CFR 393.128 - What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What are the rules for securing automobiles, light... automobiles, light trucks and vans? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less...

  12. 29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

  13. 19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

  14. 49 CFR 393.128 - What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What are the rules for securing automobiles, light... automobiles, light trucks and vans? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less...

  15. 49 CFR 393.128 - What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What are the rules for securing automobiles, light... automobiles, light trucks and vans? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less...

  16. 19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

  17. 41 CFR 301-10.220 - What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? 301-10.220 Section 301-10.220 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Government Vehicle Government Automobiles § 301-10.220 What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? You must possess...

  18. 41 CFR 301-10.220 - What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? 301-10.220 Section 301-10.220 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Government Vehicle Government Automobiles § 301-10.220 What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? You must possess...

  19. 41 CFR 301-10.220 - What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? 301-10.220 Section 301-10.220 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Government Vehicle Government Automobiles § 301-10.220 What requirements must I meet to operate a Government automobile for official travel? You must possess...

  20. 19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

  1. 19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada. (a) General... sealed samples in his automobile without further sealing in the United States, upon compliance with this...

  2. 29 CFR 500.104 - Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and... of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of seventy-five... transportation in passenger automobiles and station wagons and other vehicles used only for transportation as...

  3. 29 CFR 500.104 - Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and... of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of seventy-five... transportation in passenger automobiles and station wagons and other vehicles used only for transportation as...

  4. 19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commercial samples transported by automobile... Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States. (a) General... samples by automobile through Canada to another place in the United States without displaying the samples...

  5. 29 CFR 779.371 - Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments may qualify for exemption under section...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Some automobile, truck, and farm implement establishments... OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments Automobile, Truck and Farm Implement Sales and Services, and Trailer, Boat and Aircraft Sales § 779.371 Some automobile, truck, and...

  6. 29 CFR 500.104 - Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Department of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and... of Labor standards for passenger automobiles and station wagons and transportation of seventy-five... transportation in passenger automobiles and station wagons and other vehicles used only for transportation as...

  7. Rethinking the Role of the Automobile. Worldwatch Paper No. 84.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Renner, Michael

    In 1987, a record 126,000 automobiles rolled off assembly lines each working day, and close to 400 million vehicles are used on the world's roads today. Prior to the 1970s the automobile's utility and sustainability were hardly questioned. A decade of oil price increases and worries about future fuel availability slowed automobile use somewhat,…

  8. Delegating to the automobile: experimenting with automotive restraints in the 1970s.

    PubMed

    Wetmore, Jameson M

    2015-04-01

    This article explores the attempts in the United States in the 1970s to implement a new paradigm for automobile safety-crashworthiness, the idea that automobile passengers should be protected in the event of a crash. A large number of strategies were proposed, including air bags, seatbelt modifications, mandatory belt-use laws, and ignition interlocks. Many of these did not initially come to fruition, but they did give the automobile safety community a chance to experiment with different ways of distributing responsibilities between automobile occupants, automobile manufacturers, and, to a lesser extent, government agencies. These experiments helped pave the way for the successful implementation of a number of new strategies in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.

  9. 49 CFR 534.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... manufacturers of passenger automobiles, light trucks, heavy-duty vehicles and the engines manufactured for use.... This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles and non-passenger automobiles. Effective...

  10. 40 CFR 600.503-78 - Abbreviations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon...

  11. 40 CFR 600.505-78 - Recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's Average Carbon...

  12. 40 CFR 600.504-78 - Section numbering, construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's...

  13. 40 CFR 600.503-78 - Abbreviations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.503-78 Abbreviations. The...

  14. 40 CFR 600.505-78 - Recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.505-78 Recordkeeping. The...

  15. 41 CFR 301-10.453 - What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? 301-10.453 Section 301-10.453 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Special Conveyances Rental Automobiles § 301-10.453 What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? You...

  16. 41 CFR 301-10.453 - What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? 301-10.453 Section 301-10.453 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Special Conveyances Rental Automobiles § 301-10.453 What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? You...

  17. 26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

  18. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart B of... - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59 Protection of Environment... Automobile Refinish Coatings Pt. 59, Subpt. B, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59—Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings Coating category Grams VOC per liter Pounds...

  19. 41 CFR 301-10.453 - What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? 301-10.453 Section 301-10.453 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Special Conveyances Rental Automobiles § 301-10.453 What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? You...

  20. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart B of... - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59 Protection of Environment... Automobile Refinish Coatings Pt. 59, Subpt. B, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59—Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings Coating category Grams VOC per liter Pounds...

  1. 40 CFR 52.2301 - Federal compliance date for automobile and light-duty truck coating. Texas Air Control Board...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Federal compliance date for automobile... PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Texas § 52.2301 Federal compliance date for automobile and..., automobile and light-duty truck coating operations were to have complied with final control limits of § A115...

  2. 26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

  3. 29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

  4. 26 CFR 1.280F-2T - Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). 1.280F-2T Section 1.280F-2T Internal... tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). (a) Limitation on amount of investment tax... passenger automobile shall not exceed $1,000. For a passenger automobile placed in service after December 31...

  5. 26 CFR 1.280F-2T - Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). 1.280F-2T Section 1.280F-2T Internal... tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). (a) Limitation on amount of investment tax... passenger automobile shall not exceed $1,000. For a passenger automobile placed in service after December 31...

  6. 26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

  7. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart B of... - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59 Protection of Environment... Automobile Refinish Coatings Pt. 59, Subpt. B, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59—Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings Coating category Grams VOC per liter Pounds...

  8. 41 CFR 301-10.453 - What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? 301-10.453 Section 301-10.453 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Special Conveyances Rental Automobiles § 301-10.453 What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? You...

  9. 29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

  10. 40 CFR 52.2301 - Federal compliance date for automobile and light-duty truck coating. Texas Air Control Board...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Federal compliance date for automobile... PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Texas § 52.2301 Federal compliance date for automobile and..., automobile and light-duty truck coating operations were to have complied with final control limits of § A115...

  11. 26 CFR 1.280F-2T - Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). 1.280F-2T Section 1.280F-2T Internal... tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). (a) Limitation on amount of investment tax... passenger automobile shall not exceed $1,000. For a passenger automobile placed in service after December 31...

  12. 26 CFR 1.280F-2T - Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). 1.280F-2T Section 1.280F-2T Internal... for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). (a) Limitation on amount of investment tax credit—(1... automobile shall not exceed $1,000. For a passenger automobile placed in service after December 31, 1984, the...

  13. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart B of... - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59 Protection of Environment... Automobile Refinish Coatings Pt. 59, Subpt. B, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59—Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings Coating category Grams VOC per liter Pounds...

  14. 40 CFR 52.2301 - Federal compliance date for automobile and light-duty truck coating. Texas Air Control Board...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Federal compliance date for automobile... PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Texas § 52.2301 Federal compliance date for automobile and..., automobile and light-duty truck coating operations were to have complied with final control limits of § A115...

  15. 40 CFR 52.2301 - Federal compliance date for automobile and light-duty truck coating. Texas Air Control Board...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Federal compliance date for automobile... PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Texas § 52.2301 Federal compliance date for automobile and..., automobile and light-duty truck coating operations were to have complied with final control limits of § A115...

  16. 26 CFR 48.4061(a)-5 - Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. 48..., Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Automotive and Related Items § 48.4061(a)-5 Sale of automobile truck bodies and chassis. (a) Sale of completed vehicle. An automobile truck (as defined by § 48.4061(a)-3(a...

  17. 29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

  18. 29 CFR 570.129 - Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds... Amended Exemptions § 570.129 Limited driving of automobiles and trucks by 17-year-olds. Section 13(c)(6... employment, perform the occasional and incidental driving of automobiles and trucks on public highways under...

  19. 40 CFR 52.2301 - Federal compliance date for automobile and light-duty truck coating. Texas Air Control Board...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Federal compliance date for automobile... PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Texas § 52.2301 Federal compliance date for automobile and..., automobile and light-duty truck coating operations were to have complied with final control limits of § A115...

  20. 41 CFR 301-10.453 - What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? 301-10.453 Section 301-10.453 Public... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 10-TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES Special Conveyances Rental Automobiles § 301-10.453 What is my liability for unauthorized use of a rental automobile obtained with Government funds? You...

  1. 26 CFR 1.280F-2T - Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). 1.280F-2T Section 1.280F-2T Internal... tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary). (a) Limitation on amount of investment tax... passenger automobile shall not exceed $1,000. For a passenger automobile placed in service after December 31...

  2. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart B of... - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59 Protection of Environment... Automobile Refinish Coatings Pt. 59, Subpt. B, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart B of Part 59—Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content Limits for Automobile Refinish Coatings Coating category Grams VOC per liter Pounds...

  3. 40 CFR 600.507-08 - Running change data requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's...

  4. 40 CFR 600.507-12 - Running change data requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's...

  5. 40 CFR 600.507-86 - Running change data requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer's...

  6. 49 CFR 531.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.4 Definitions. (a... defined in section 501 of the Act. (2) The terms automobile and passenger automobile are used as defined...

  7. 49 CFR 531.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.4 Definitions. (a... defined in section 501 of the Act. (2) The terms automobile and passenger automobile are used as defined...

  8. 49 CFR 531.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.4 Definitions. (a... defined in section 501 of the Act. (2) The terms automobile and passenger automobile are used as defined...

  9. 75 FR 82029 - Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-29

    ... use of privately owned automobiles (POA), POAs when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized... annual standard automobile study conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, as well as conducting...

  10. 49 CFR 531.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.4 Definitions. (a... defined in section 501 of the Act. (2) The terms automobile and passenger automobile are used as defined...

  11. 49 CFR 531.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.4 Definitions. (a... defined in section 501 of the Act. (2) The terms automobile and passenger automobile are used as defined...

  12. 40 CFR 600.504-78 - Section numbering, construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.504-78 Section...

  13. 40 CFR 600.509-12 - Voluntary submission of additional data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...

  14. 40 CFR 600.509-86 - Voluntary submission of additional data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy and...

  15. Reduced Haematopoietic Output in Automobile Mechanics and Sprayers with Chronic Exposure to Petrochemicals: A Case-Control Study in Cape Coast, Ghana.

    PubMed

    Adu, Patrick; Pobee, Richard; Awuah, Aaron; Asiamah, Paul B; Amoani, Festus; Gyabaa, Sampson

    2018-01-01

    Automobile mechanics and sprayers are at a higher risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals which may cause adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to use reticulocyte count as an indirect measure of the haematological output in automobile mechanics and sprayers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. This cross-sectional study recruited 130 participants: 90 cases (57 automobile mechanics and 33 automobile sprayers) and 40 controls (nonautomobile workers). Venous blood samples were drawn from the participants and examined for full blood count and absolute reticulocyte count. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and occupational safety information from participants. 75.6% of cases had never received occupational safety training. Whereas 35.1% of automobile mechanics routinely siphoned fuel, 36.4% of automobile sprayers never used nose masks in the discharge of their duties. Controls had significantly higher WBC counts compared to mechanics ( p = 0.0001; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.81 ± 1.1), or sprayers ( p = 0.0004; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.74 ± 0.9). Lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts were also significantly higher in controls compared to cases. Whereas RBC counts were significantly higher in controls compared to automobile mechanics (4.85 versus 4.66; p = 0.034), haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in automobile sprayers compared to controls (15.13 versus 14.1 g/dl; p = 0.0126). Absolute reticulocyte count was significantly higher in controls compared to cases [ p < 0.0001; (56.88 ± 32.14) × 10 9 /L (controls) versus (25.31 ± 15.75) × 10 9 /L (sprayers) or (33.27 ± 24.42) × 10 9 /L (mechanics)]. Among the cases however, only RBC counts were significantly lower in automobile mechanics compared to automobile sprayers ( p = 0.0088; 4.66 ± 0.4 versus 4.85 ± 0.5). It was evident that both automobile mechanics and sprayers had significantly reduced haematopoietic output. Occupational safety training is not given priority and must be addressed.

  16. Reduced Haematopoietic Output in Automobile Mechanics and Sprayers with Chronic Exposure to Petrochemicals: A Case-Control Study in Cape Coast, Ghana

    PubMed Central

    Pobee, Richard; Awuah, Aaron; Asiamah, Paul B.; Amoani, Festus; Gyabaa, Sampson

    2018-01-01

    Background Automobile mechanics and sprayers are at a higher risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals which may cause adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to use reticulocyte count as an indirect measure of the haematological output in automobile mechanics and sprayers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Method This cross-sectional study recruited 130 participants: 90 cases (57 automobile mechanics and 33 automobile sprayers) and 40 controls (nonautomobile workers). Venous blood samples were drawn from the participants and examined for full blood count and absolute reticulocyte count. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and occupational safety information from participants. Results 75.6% of cases had never received occupational safety training. Whereas 35.1% of automobile mechanics routinely siphoned fuel, 36.4% of automobile sprayers never used nose masks in the discharge of their duties. Controls had significantly higher WBC counts compared to mechanics (p = 0.0001; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.81 ± 1.1), or sprayers (p = 0.0004; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.74 ± 0.9). Lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts were also significantly higher in controls compared to cases. Whereas RBC counts were significantly higher in controls compared to automobile mechanics (4.85 versus 4.66; p = 0.034), haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in automobile sprayers compared to controls (15.13 versus 14.1 g/dl; p = 0.0126). Absolute reticulocyte count was significantly higher in controls compared to cases [p < 0.0001; (56.88 ± 32.14) × 109/L (controls) versus (25.31 ± 15.75) × 109/L (sprayers) or (33.27 ± 24.42) × 109/L (mechanics)]. Among the cases however, only RBC counts were significantly lower in automobile mechanics compared to automobile sprayers (p = 0.0088; 4.66 ± 0.4 versus 4.85 ± 0.5). Conclusion It was evident that both automobile mechanics and sprayers had significantly reduced haematopoietic output. Occupational safety training is not given priority and must be addressed. PMID:29780424

  17. 40 CFR 600.509-12 - Voluntary submission of additional data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600...

  18. 49 CFR 529.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.2 Applicability. This part applies to incomplete automobile manufacturers, intermediate manufacturers, and final-stage manufacturers of automobiles that are manufactured in two or more stages. ...

  19. 49 CFR 529.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.2 Applicability. This part applies to incomplete automobile manufacturers, intermediate manufacturers, and final-stage manufacturers of automobiles that are manufactured in two or more stages. ...

  20. 40 CFR 600.507-08 - Running change data requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.507-08 Running...

  1. 40 CFR 600.509-86 - Voluntary submission of additional data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600...

  2. 49 CFR 529.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.2 Applicability. This part applies to incomplete automobile manufacturers, intermediate manufacturers, and final-stage manufacturers of automobiles that are manufactured in two or more stages. ...

  3. 49 CFR 529.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.2 Applicability. This part applies to incomplete automobile manufacturers, intermediate manufacturers, and final-stage manufacturers of automobiles that are manufactured in two or more stages. ...

  4. 40 CFR 600.507-86 - Running change data requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Model Year 1978 Passenger Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks and Passenger Automobiles)-Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy § 600.507-86 Running...

  5. 49 CFR 529.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.2 Applicability. This part applies to incomplete automobile manufacturers, intermediate manufacturers, and final-stage manufacturers of automobiles that are manufactured in two or more stages. ...

  6. The recycling dilemma for advanced materials use: Automobile materials substitution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Field, F.R. III; Clark, J.P.

    1991-01-01

    This paper discusses the difficulties associated with imposing recycling imperatives upon advanced materials development by examining the case of automotive materials substitution and its impacts upon the recyclability of the automobile. Parallels are drawn between today's issues, which focus upon the recyclability of the increasing polymeric fraction in automobile shredder fluff, and the junked automobile problem of the 1960's, when the problem of abandoned automobiles became a part of the environmental and legislative agenda in the US and overseas. In the 1960's, both the source and the resolution of the junk automobile problem arose through a confluence of technological andmore » economic factors, rather than through any set of regulatory influences. The rise of electric arc furnace steelmaking and the development of the automobile shredder were sufficient to virtually eliminate the problem - so much so that today's problems are incorrectly viewed as novelties. Today's automobile recycling problem again derives from technological and economic factors, but regulatory influences have spurred some of them. While there are no lack of technological solutions to the problem of automobile shredder fluff, none of these solutions yet provides scrap processors with the kind of profit opportunity necessary to implement them. In some ways, it is implicit in advanced materials markets that there is little to no demand for recycled forms of these materials, and, in the absence of these markets, there are few reasons to expect that the solution to today's problems will be quite so neat.« less

  7. Geotechnical Monitoring of the Automobile Road

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsiy, Vladimir

    2017-12-01

    In the present article, the results of geotechnical monitoring of A-147 automobile road “Dzhubga-Sochi” are given. Some sections of the automobile road suffered from the landslide adjustment movements; it resulted in many deformations of the retaining structures, the damages of the roadbed and ground crawling over the retaining walls. The observation data made it possible to specify the borders of the active landslide and to form a forecast of the landslide activity in the sections of the automobile roads. Due to monitoring being carried out, there was substantiated the necessity to correct the service forms and records connected with the automobile road reconstruction.

  8. Photovoltaics and the automobile

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Young, W.R. Jr.

    1994-12-31

    For years people have been in love with the automobile. Some people just enjoy using the automobile as transportation while others also enjoy the workings and operation of this fascinating machine. The automobile is not without problems of pollution and energy consumption. These problems are changing its design and construction. New clean energy sources are being analyzed and applied to power the modern automobile. A space age energy source now being considered by some and used by others to power the automobile is photovoltaics. Photovoltaics (PV) is the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity. There are a number of devicesmore » in the modern car that are electrically powered. PV could provide a clean endless supply of electricity for air conditioning, radios and other electrical components of a car. Most people have never heard of photovoltaics (PV). There has been a great deal of research in PV among energy experts. The automobile is known the world over in both use and operation. The author describes how the merging of these two technologies will benefit mankind and without damaging the environment. 12 refs.« less

  9. Endotoxin and β-(1,3)-glucan levels in automobiles: a pilot study.

    PubMed

    Wu, Francis Fu-Sheng; Wu, Mei-Wen; Chang, Chin-Fu; Lai, Shu-Mei; Pierse, Nevil; Crane, Julian; Siebers, Rob

    2010-01-01

    Exposure to bacterial endotoxin and fungal β-(1,3)-glucan in the indoor environment can induce respiratory symptoms. Automobiles are an exposure source of allergens but it is not known if, and how much exposure there is to endotoxin and fungal β-(1,3)-glucan. The objective of the study was to determine whether automobiles are a potential source of exposure to these microbial products. Dust was sampled from the passenger seats of 40 automobiles. Specific Limulus amoebocyte kinetic assays were used to measure endotoxin and β-(1,3)-glucan, respectively. Endotoxin and β-(1,3)-glucan was detected in all samples ranging from 19.9-247.0 EU/mg and 1.6-59.8 μg/g, respectively. There were no significant differences in endotoxin levels between automobiles of smokers and non-smokers, but β-(1,3)-glucan levels were about two-fold higher in the automobiles of non-smokers. In conclusion, endotoxin and β-(1,3)-glucan exposure in automobiles at levels found in our study may be of importance for asthmatics.

  10. CPI (chemical processing industry) feeling impact of new-car sales slump

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Slaten, A.

    1980-05-21

    The slump in U.S. automobile production has reduced the automobile industry's demand for plastics. Nearly 5% (1.9 billion lb) of the 39.4 billion lb of plastic produced in 1979 were used in transportation (largely automotive) applications. According to A. Slaten of Rexene, automotive consumption of polypropylene will be down by 10-20% in 1980 from 1979's 440 million lb. According to Du Pont, the average 3000 lb automobile manufactured in 1980 contains about 200 lb of plastic, but by 1990, the average 2500 lb car will use 300-400 lb of plastic. According to Predicasts Inc., plastics use in automobiles will increasemore » by 8.4%/yr to a 6.15 billion lb market in 1995. The predicted annual growth rates for some plastics include: PVC, 4.4%; polyester (largely in sheet-molding compounds), 12.6%; polyethylene, 10.2%; nylon, 9.7%; acetals, 9.5%; polycarbonate, 7.2%; and polyurethane, 6.8%. Automobile production trends, the effect of the 1974-75 production downturn on plastics use in automobiles, and proposed government policies for aiding U.S. automobile manufacturers are discussed.« less

  11. Historical Financial Data - Domestic Automobile Manufacturers

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-01-01

    A historical financial data base was developed for the four major U.S. automobile manufacturers, focusing on the specific operations associated with production and marketing of automobiles and light trucks. The years subject to analysis were 1967-197...

  12. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Automobiles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feldman, Bernard J.

    2005-11-01

    With gasoline now more than 2.00 a gallon, alternate automobile technologies will be discussed with greater interest and developed with more urgency. For our government, the hydrogen fuel cell-powered automobile is at the top of the list of future technologies. This paper presents a simple description of the principles behind this technology and a brief discussion of the pros and cons. It is also an extension on my previous paper on the physics of the automobile engine.

  13. Application of the Critical Success Factor Methodology to DoD Organization.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-09-01

    high technology manufacturing, banking, airline, insurance, railway, and automobile . Sullen (6t22-25) lists the current CSFs of the 14 S automobile ...industry as image, quality dealer system, cost control, and meting energy standards. However, in 1981 the automobile CSFs included only styling, quality...bearing on current car purchases as well as future car buys. And finally cost control influenced the auto industry as a CSF, since profit per automobile had

  14. Illustrating Newton's Second Law with the Automobile Coast-Down Test.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bryan, Ronald A.; And Others

    1988-01-01

    Describes a run test of automobiles for applying Newton's second law of motion and the concept of power. Explains some automobile thought-experiments and provides the method and data of an actual coast-down test. (YP)

  15. Profiles of Material Supplier Industries to the Automotive Manufacturers

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1981-07-01

    This report presents a study of industries supplying materials to the automobile manufacturers. As the automobile industry restructures itself to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles, many of the industries that depend on the automobile will be force...

  16. Technological Improvements to Automobile Fuel Consumption : Volume 1. Executive Summary.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1974-02-01

    This report is a priliminary survey of the technological feasibility of reducing the fuel consumption of automobiles. The study uses as a reference information derived from literature, automobile industry contacts, and testing conducted as part of th...

  17. 40 CFR 59.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.101 Definitions. Adhesion promoter means... (U.S. EPA) or an authorized representative. Automobile means passenger cars, vans, motorcycles, trucks, and all other mobile equipment. Automobile refinish coating component means any portion of a...

  18. 40 CFR 59.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.101 Definitions. Adhesion promoter means... (U.S. EPA) or an authorized representative. Automobile means passenger cars, vans, motorcycles, trucks, and all other mobile equipment. Automobile refinish coating component means any portion of a...

  19. 40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

  20. 40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

  1. 40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

  2. 40 CFR 59.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.101 Definitions. Adhesion promoter means... (U.S. EPA) or an authorized representative. Automobile means passenger cars, vans, motorcycles, trucks, and all other mobile equipment. Automobile refinish coating component means any portion of a...

  3. Healdsburg High School's Course on the Automobile.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Attwood, Philip B.

    1995-01-01

    Reprints an article originally published in 1937. Discusses the need for some kind of training in automobile safety. Discusses an eight-week high school course on the automobile that covers engine operation, safety, auxiliary systems, and actual driving practice. (RS)

  4. Prevalence and predictors of home and automobile smoking bans and child environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a cross-sectional study of U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic women with young children.

    PubMed

    Gonzales, Melissa; Malcoe, Lorraine Halinka; Kegler, Michelle C; Espinoza, Judith

    2006-10-27

    Detrimental effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on child health are well documented. Because young children's primary exposure to ETS occurs in homes and automobiles, voluntary smoking restrictions can substantially reduce exposure. We assessed the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans among U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanics in the southwestern United States, and examined the influence of mother's country of birth and smoking practices on voluntary smoking bans and on child ETS exposure. U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic mothers of children aged 2 through 12 years were systematically sampled from health clinics in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In-person interviews were conducted with 269 mothers (75.4% response rate) to obtain information on main study outcomes (complete versus no/partial home and automobile smoking bans; child room and automobile ETS exposure) and risk factors (mother's country of birth, maternal and household smoking behaviors). Data were analyzed with chi square tests and logistic regression models. Three-fourths (74-77%) of U.S.-born and 90-95% of Mexico-born mothers reported complete automobile and home smoking bans. In multivariate analyses, mother's U.S nativity, mother's current smoking, and presence of other adult smokers in the home were associated with significantly increased odds of not having a complete home or automobile smoking ban. Mother's smoking was associated with child ETS exposure both indoors (odds ratio [OR] = 3.31) and in automobiles (OR = 2.97). Children of U.S.-born mothers had increased odds of exposure to ETS indoors (OR = 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-7.69), but not in automobiles. Having complete smoking bans was associated with substantially reduced odds of child ETS exposure both indoors (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.27) and in automobiles (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05-0.36). This study of Hispanic mothers in the southwestern U.S. indicates that there are substantial differences between U.S.- and Mexico-born mothers in the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans, and resulting child ETS exposure. Tobacco interventions to increase smoke-free environments for U.S. Hispanic children should focus on both home and automobile smoking practices, especially among U.S.-born mothers, and utilize strategies that impact smoking practices of all household members.

  5. Sustainable recycling of automotive products in China: Technology and regulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Ming

    2006-08-01

    The Chinese economy is growing rapidly, but accompanyingsuch growth are issues of environmental protection and social inequity which must be addressed. With the Automobile Industry Development Policy and the Motor Vehicle Product Recovery Technology Policy, an automobile products recoverability target has been established and will be incorporated into an automobile products authentication management system in China. By 2010, for all end-of-life automobile products, reuse and recovery shall be increased to a minimum of 85% by average weight per vehicle, and the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium is prohibited. This paper will address the sustainable recycling of Chinese automobile products within the period of 2006 2010.

  6. Environmental practices of the auxiliary companies to the Spanish automobile industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    González-Torre, Pilar L.; González, Beatriz A.; Gupta, Surendra M.

    2005-11-01

    The automobile manufacturing industry plays a very important role in a country's economy. The importance of automobile manufacturing industry lies in its sheer size and complexity in terms of the direct and indirect influence it commands across many other industries. While millions of people are employed in the automobile manufacturing industry, it is estimated that more than two and half times that number are employed in the auxiliary companies that supply parts to the automobile manufacturing companies. The auxiliary companies represent a group of businesses of various sizes, types, and geographical locations, producing a vast variety of products ranging from the very simple to the extremely intricate. In this study, the current environmental practices of management in the core Spanish auxiliary companies that do business with the automobile manufacturing industry (and thus form a large part of the automobile manufacturing industry's supply chain) are investigated. We show that while automobile manufacturing companies are under scrutiny to become more and more environmentally friendly, not only at their manufacturing stage but also at their products' useful and EOL stages, there appears to be no such burden on the auxiliary companies. Our conclusion is based on an elaborate survey conducted during the fall of 2004 of Spanish auxiliary companies with questions about the characteristics, environmental practices and reverse logistics related activities carried out by the companies.

  7. SAMPLING OF AUTOMOBILE INTERIORS FOR VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report gives results of a study to qualitatively identify organic pollutants in the air inside new automobiles. In recent years, concern has developed over the concentration of organic vapors inside new automobiles. A literature search first identified numerous volatilization...

  8. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  9. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  10. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  11. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  12. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  13. Technological Improvements to Automobile Fuel Consumption : Volume 2A. Sections 1 through 25

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1974-12-01

    This report is a preliminary survey of the technological feasibility of reducing the fuel consumption of automobiles. The study uses as a reference information derived from literature, automobile industry contacts, and testing conducted as part of th...

  14. 49 CFR 529.6 - Requirements for final-stage manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... section, each final-stage manufacturer whose manufacturing operations on an incomplete automobile cause the completed automobile to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the...

  15. 49 CFR 529.6 - Requirements for final-stage manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... section, each final-stage manufacturer whose manufacturing operations on an incomplete automobile cause the completed automobile to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the...

  16. 40 CFR 59.108 - State Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.108 State Authority. The provisions in... or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components in addition to the requirements of this subpart. (b) Requiring the manufacturer or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components to...

  17. 40 CFR 59.108 - State Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.108 State Authority. The provisions in... or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components in addition to the requirements of this subpart. (b) Requiring the manufacturer or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components to...

  18. 49 CFR 529.6 - Requirements for final-stage manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... section, each final-stage manufacturer whose manufacturing operations on an incomplete automobile cause the completed automobile to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the...

  19. 49 CFR 529.6 - Requirements for final-stage manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... section, each final-stage manufacturer whose manufacturing operations on an incomplete automobile cause the completed automobile to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the...

  20. 49 CFR 529.6 - Requirements for final-stage manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... section, each final-stage manufacturer whose manufacturing operations on an incomplete automobile cause the completed automobile to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the...

  1. 40 CFR 59.108 - State Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.108 State Authority. The provisions in... or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components in addition to the requirements of this subpart. (b) Requiring the manufacturer or importer of automobile refinish coatings or components to...

  2. Aquila Remotely Piloted Vehicle System Technology Demonstration (RPV-STD) Program. Volume 3. Field Test Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-04-01

    RC pilot In the stablied RC mode. To facilitate theme attempts, an automobile , with Its headlights on high beam, was positioned on each side of the...the vans. At approxi- mately 2 to 3 km, the actual automobile headlights would become visible. Then, the operator would attempt to reposition the RPV...to line up between the head- lights. Even though the front wheels of the automobiles were elevated, the automobile headlights were diverted slightly

  3. The U.S. Automobile Industry: Will It Survive Increasing International Competition

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-04-22

    the best selling automobile in the country by almost a 2:1 margin was the Japanese designed Honda Accord. 1 It has been estimated that since 1980 over...the industry made to U.S. war efforts. I will compare the American automobile industry to its foreign competi- tors, take a look at the strategies used...during WW II in bomber pro- duction with excellent results. After the war, Deming’s methods were ignored by domestic automobile producers. Nissan was

  4. Hospital characteristics related to the hospital length of stay among inpatients receiving invasive cervical discectomy due to road traffic accidents under automobile insurance in South Korea.

    PubMed

    Shin, Kyoung Won; Lee, Hyo Jung; Nam, Chung Mo; Moon, Ki Tae; Park, Eun-Cheol

    2017-08-16

    In South Korea, people injured in road traffic accidents receive compensation for medical costs through their automobile insurance. However, the automobile insurance system appears to manage health care inefficiently. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the hospital length of stay (LOS), which was used as an indicator of healthcare utilization, for inpatients covered by automobile insurance and undergoing invasive cervical discectomy. Insurance claims data from 158 hospitals were used. The study included 850 inpatients who were involved in automobile accidents in 2014 and 2015 and who underwent invasive cervical discectomy. Poisson regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the LOS and hospital-level characteristics. The mean LOS for inpatients covered by automobile insurance was 25.75 days. A higher proportion of inpatients with automobile insurance were associated with a longer LOS (rate ratio [RR]: 1.027 per 1% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012-1.042). A higher hospital volume of invasive cervical discectomy (RR: 0.970 per 10 case increase, 95% CI: 0.945-0.997), bed turnover rate (RR: 0.988 per 1 increase, 95% CI: 0.979-0.997), and number of neurosurgeons or orthopedic specialists (RR: 0.930 per 1/100 beds increase, 95% CI: 0.876-0.987) were associated with a shorter LOS. Our findings suggest that inpatients covered by automobile insurance were associated with a longer LOS when treated at small-sized, low-provider, and low-volume hospitals with high proportions of such patients. Based on these findings, policymakers and healthcare professionals ought to consider improved strategies for efficient management of automobile insurance for inpatients in small-sized hospitals.

  5. Direct medical costs of motorcycle crashes in Ontario

    PubMed Central

    Pincus, Daniel; Wasserstein, David; Nathens, Avery B.; Bai, Yu Qing; Redelmeier, Donald A.; Wodchis, Walter P.

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND: There is no reliable estimate of costs incurred by motorcycle crashes. Our objective was to calculate the direct costs of all publicly funded medical care provided to individuals after motorcycle crashes compared with automobile crashes. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study of adults in Ontario who presented to hospital because of a motorcycle or automobile crash from 2007 through 2013. For each case, we identified 1 control absent a motor vehicle crash during the study period. Direct costs for each case and control were estimated in 2013 Canadian dollars from the payer perspective using methodology that links health care use to individuals over time. We calculated costs attributable to motorcycle and automobile crashes within 2 years using a difference-in-differences approach. RESULTS: We identified 26 831 patients injured in motorcycle crashes and 281 826 injured in automobile crashes. Mean costs attributable to motorcycle and automobile crashes were $5825 and $2995, respectively (p < 0.001). The rate of injury was triple for motorcycle crashes compared with automobile crashes (2194 injured annually/100 000 registered motorcycles v. 718 injured annually/100 000 registered automobiles; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8 to 3.3, p < 0.001). Severe injuries, defined as those with an Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 3, were 10 times greater (125 severe injuries annually/100 000 registered motorcycles v. 12 severe injuries annually/100 000 registered automobiles; IRR 10.4, 95% CI 8.3 to 13.1, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Considering both the attributable cost and higher rate of injury, we found that each registered motorcycle in Ontario costs the public health care system 6 times the amount of each registered automobile. Medical costs may provide an additional incentive to improve motorcycle safety. PMID:29158454

  6. Technology assessment of changes in the future use and characteristics of the automobile transportation system. Volume 2 : technical report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-02-01

    This assessment of the automobile transportation system examines the automobile as a mode of personal transportation and considers issues and policy options pertaining to vehicles, highways, and related industries, services, and institutions. The ass...

  7. 76 FR 56318 - Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Saddle-Mount Braking Requirements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-13

    ... a petition for rulemaking from the Automobile Carriers Conference (ACC) of the American Trucking... antilock braking systems. ACC Automobile Carriers Conference. ATA American Trucking Associations. ATC ATC... Carrier Safety Regulations. NATA National Automobile Transporters Association. NPRM notice of proposed...

  8. 75 FR 2090 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Volatile Organic Compound...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-14

    ... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Volatile Organic Compound Automobile Refinishing... automobile refinishing rule for approval into its State Implementation Plan (SIP). These rule revisions extend the applicability of Indiana's approved volatile organic compound (VOC) automobile refinishing...

  9. 75 FR 47898 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Revenue Procedure 2001-56

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-09

    ... comments concerning Revenue Procedure 2001-56, Demonstration Automobile Use. DATES: Written comments [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Demonstration Automobile Use. OMB Number: 1545-1756... simplified methods for determining the value of the use of demonstration automobiles provided to employees by...

  10. 40 CFR 59.100 - Applicability and designation of regulated entity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings... automobile refinish coatings and coating components manufactured on or after January 11, 1999 for sale or distribution in the United States. (b) Regulated entities are manufacturers and importers of automobile...

  11. 40 CFR 59.100 - Applicability and designation of regulated entity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings... automobile refinish coatings and coating components manufactured on or after January 11, 1999 for sale or distribution in the United States. (b) Regulated entities are manufacturers and importers of automobile...

  12. 40 CFR 59.100 - Applicability and designation of regulated entity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings... automobile refinish coatings and coating components manufactured on or after January 11, 1999 for sale or distribution in the United States. (b) Regulated entities are manufacturers and importers of automobile...

  13. The Energy Cost of Automobiles

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berry, R. Stephen; Fels, Margaret F.

    1973-01-01

    Presents two respective comparisons between ideal and real energy cost for the manufacture of a new automobile and between free energy savings from processing the old automobile into low and high grade scraps. Suggests the wasted thermodynamic potential should be considered in making decisions about energy savings. (CC)

  14. Evaluation of malodor for automobile air conditioner evaporator by using laboratory-scale test cooling bench.

    PubMed

    Kim, Kyung Hwan; Kim, Sun Hwa; Jung, Young Rim; Kim, Man Goo

    2008-09-12

    As one of the measures to improve the environment in an automobile, malodor caused by the automobile air-conditioning system evaporator was evaluated and analyzed using laboratory-scale test cooling bench. The odor was simulated with an evaporator test cooling bench equipped with an airflow controller, air temperature and relative humidity controller. To simulate the same odor characteristics that occur from automobiles, one previously used automobile air conditioner evaporator associated with unpleasant odors was selected. The odor was evaluated by trained panels and collected with aluminum polyester bags. Collected samples were analyzed by thermal desorption into a cryotrap and subsequent gas chromatographic separation, followed by simultaneous olfactometry, flame ionization detector and identified by atomic emission detection and mass spectrometry. Compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids were identified as responsible odor-active compounds. Gas chromatography/flame ionization detection/olfactometry combined sensory method with instrumental analysis was very effective as an odor evaluation method in an automobile air-conditioning system evaporator.

  15. 28 CFR 25.52 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., possessing, handling, directing, or controlling. Automobile has the same meaning given that term in 49 U.S.C. 32901(a). Certificate of title means a document issued by a state showing ownership of an automobile. Insurance carrier means an individual or entity engaged in the business of underwriting automobile insurance...

  16. 28 CFR 25.52 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., possessing, handling, directing, or controlling. Automobile has the same meaning given that term in 49 U.S.C. 32901(a). Certificate of title means a document issued by a state showing ownership of an automobile. Insurance carrier means an individual or entity engaged in the business of underwriting automobile insurance...

  17. 28 CFR 25.52 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., possessing, handling, directing, or controlling. Automobile has the same meaning given that term in 49 U.S.C. 32901(a). Certificate of title means a document issued by a state showing ownership of an automobile. Insurance carrier means an individual or entity engaged in the business of underwriting automobile insurance...

  18. 28 CFR 25.52 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., possessing, handling, directing, or controlling. Automobile has the same meaning given that term in 49 U.S.C. 32901(a). Certificate of title means a document issued by a state showing ownership of an automobile. Insurance carrier means an individual or entity engaged in the business of underwriting automobile insurance...

  19. 28 CFR 25.52 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., possessing, handling, directing, or controlling. Automobile has the same meaning given that term in 49 U.S.C. 32901(a). Certificate of title means a document issued by a state showing ownership of an automobile. Insurance carrier means an individual or entity engaged in the business of underwriting automobile insurance...

  20. 40 CFR 600.002-85 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... automobiles. (10) “Fuel Economy” means (i) the average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of... equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as determined by the Secretary..., the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation...

  1. Potential for Automobile Weight Reduction Outlook as of 1975-1976

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1978-08-01

    A study has been carried out to evaluate the potential for weight reduction of automobiles. It is concluded that automobiles of lighter weight than those current (1976 models) in the domestic market may be built in each of three size classes, 4, 5, a...

  2. Energy and the Automobile.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waring, Gene

    1980-01-01

    Discussed is the automobile in terms of the Otto cycle, engine heat losses, internal engine losses, drive train losses, road power, and driving habits. Each of these topics is described and calculations are shown to aid the physics teacher in the use of the automobile in the physics classroom. (Author/DS)

  3. Technological Improvements to Automobile Fuel Consumption : Volume 2B. Sections 24 and 25, and Appendixes A through 1

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1974-12-01

    This report is a preliminary survey of the technological feasibility of reducing the fuel consumption of automobiles. The study uses as a reference information derived from literature, automobile industry contacts, and testing conducted as part of th...

  4. 29 CFR 779.320 - Partial list of establishments whose sales or service may be recognized as retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Antique shops. Auto courts. Automobile dealers' establishments. Automobile laundries. Automobile repair shops. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Bicycle shops. Billiard parlors. Book stores. Bowling alleys. Butcher shops. Cafeterias. Cemeteries. China, glassware stores. Cigar stores. Clothing stores. Coal yards...

  5. 29 CFR 779.320 - Partial list of establishments whose sales or service may be recognized as retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .... Antique shops. Auto courts. Automobile dealers' establishments. Automobile laundries. Automobile repair shops. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Bicycle shops. Billiard parlors. Book stores. Bowling alleys. Butcher shops. Cafeterias. Cemeteries. China, glassware stores. Cigar stores. Clothing stores. Coal yards...

  6. 29 CFR 779.320 - Partial list of establishments whose sales or service may be recognized as retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Antique shops. Auto courts. Automobile dealers' establishments. Automobile laundries. Automobile repair shops. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Bicycle shops. Billiard parlors. Book stores. Bowling alleys. Butcher shops. Cafeterias. Cemeteries. China, glassware stores. Cigar stores. Clothing stores. Coal yards...

  7. 29 CFR 779.320 - Partial list of establishments whose sales or service may be recognized as retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Antique shops. Auto courts. Automobile dealers' establishments. Automobile laundries. Automobile repair shops. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Bicycle shops. Billiard parlors. Book stores. Bowling alleys. Butcher shops. Cafeterias. Cemeteries. China, glassware stores. Cigar stores. Clothing stores. Coal yards...

  8. 29 CFR 779.320 - Partial list of establishments whose sales or service may be recognized as retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Antique shops. Auto courts. Automobile dealers' establishments. Automobile laundries. Automobile repair shops. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Bicycle shops. Billiard parlors. Book stores. Bowling alleys. Butcher shops. Cafeterias. Cemeteries. China, glassware stores. Cigar stores. Clothing stores. Coal yards...

  9. 49 CFR 531.5 - Fuel economy standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.5 Fuel... automobiles shall comply with the average fuel economy standards in Table I, expressed in miles per gallon, in... passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fuel economy level calculated for that model year according...

  10. 49 CFR 531.5 - Fuel economy standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.5 Fuel... automobiles shall comply with the average fuel economy standards in Table I, expressed in miles per gallon, in... passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fuel economy level calculated for that model year according...

  11. 49 CFR 531.6 - Measurement and calculation procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY... automobiles that are manufactured by a manufacturer in a model year shall be determined in accordance with... production of automobiles for the model year. If an eligible manufacturer does not elect a model year before...

  12. 77 FR 47536 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Mojave Desert, Northern Sierra, Sacramento...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-09

    ... volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from automotive parts and component, automobile refinishing... metal parts and products, miscellaneous uses, automobile refinishing processes and automotive equipment... Techniques Guidelines for Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Assembly Coatings,'' EPA (EPA-453/R-08-006...

  13. 75 FR 13759 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-23

    ... Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice... potentially affected by this action as respondents are manufacturers and importers of automobile refinish coatings and coating components. Manufacturers of automobile refinish coatings and coating components fall...

  14. 40 CFR 60.398 - Innovative technology waivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Automobile and... Corporation, Wentzville, Missouri, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at General Motors Corporation automobile assembly plant...

  15. 40 CFR 60.398 - Innovative technology waivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Automobile and... Corporation, Wentzville, Missouri, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at General Motors Corporation automobile assembly plant...

  16. 49 CFR 531.6 - Measurement and calculation procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY... automobiles that are manufactured by a manufacturer in a model year shall be determined in accordance with... production of automobiles for the model year. If an eligible manufacturer does not elect a model year before...

  17. 78 FR 31921 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-28

    ... Requirements for National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings, EPA... potentially affected by this action as respondents are manufacturers and importers of automobile refinish coatings and coating components. Manufacturers of automobile refinish coatings and coating components fall...

  18. 49 CFR 531.5 - Fuel economy standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.5 Fuel... automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in Table I, expressed in miles per... passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model...

  19. 49 CFR 531.5 - Fuel economy standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.5 Fuel... automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in Table I, expressed in miles per... passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model...

  20. [Evaluation of the viability of BEAS-2B cells exposed to gasoline engine exhaust with different particle sizes by air-liquid interface].

    PubMed

    Yu, T; Zhang, X Y; Wang, Z X; Li, B; Zheng, Y X; Bin, P

    2017-06-20

    Objective: To evaluate the viability of gasoline engine exhaust (GEE) with different particle sizes on human lung cell line BEAS-2B in vitro by air-liquid interface (ALI) . Methods: GEE were collected with a Tedlar bag and their particulate matter (PM) number, surface and mass concentration in three kind of GEE (filtered automobile exhaust, non-filtered automobile exhaust and motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter) were measured by two type of particle size spectrometer including TSI-3321 and SMPS-3938. Five groups were included, which divided into blank control group, clean air group, filtered automobile exhaust group, non-filtered automobile exhaust group and motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter group. Except the blank control group, BEAS-2B cells, cultured on the surface of Transwells, were treated with clean air or GEE by ALI method at a flow rate of 25 ml/min, 37 ℃ for 60 min in vitro . CCK-8 cytotoxicity test kit was used to determine the cell relative viability of BEAS-2B cells. Results: In the filtered automobile exhaust, non-filtered automobile exhaust and motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter, high concentrations of fine particles can be detected, but the coarse particles only accounted for a small proportion, and the sequence of PM concentration was motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter group> non-filtered automobile exhaust group> filtered automobile exhaust group ( P <0.001) . Compared with the clean air group, the cell relative viability in the 3 GEE-exposed groups were significantly lower ( P <0.001) . Among the comparisons of GEE exposure groups with different particle size spectra, the sequence of the cell relative viability was filtered automobile exhaust group >non-filtered automobile exhaust group> motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter group ( P <0.001) . When took the clean air control group as a reference, the mean of the cell relative viability in the filtered automobile exhaust group, non-filtered automobile exhaust group and motorcycle exhaust without three-way catalytic converter group, was decreased by 26.34%, 36.00% and 49.59%, respectively. Conclusion: GEE with different particle size spectra could induce different levels of toxic effects to the human lung cells BEAS-2B by ALI. After lowering the concentration of particles in the GEE and using the three-way catalytic converter could obviously improve the survival rate of lung cells.

  1. Prevalence and predictors of home and automobile smoking bans and child environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a cross-sectional study of U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic women with young children

    PubMed Central

    Gonzales, Melissa; Malcoe, Lorraine Halinka; Kegler, Michelle C; Espinoza, Judith

    2006-01-01

    Background Detrimental effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on child health are well documented. Because young children's primary exposure to ETS occurs in homes and automobiles, voluntary smoking restrictions can substantially reduce exposure. We assessed the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans among U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanics in the southwestern United States, and examined the influence of mother's country of birth and smoking practices on voluntary smoking bans and on child ETS exposure. Methods U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic mothers of children aged 2 through 12 years were systematically sampled from health clinics in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In-person interviews were conducted with 269 mothers (75.4% response rate) to obtain information on main study outcomes (complete versus no/partial home and automobile smoking bans; child room and automobile ETS exposure) and risk factors (mother's country of birth, maternal and household smoking behaviors). Data were analyzed with chi square tests and logistic regression models. Results Three-fourths (74–77%) of U.S.-born and 90–95% of Mexico-born mothers reported complete automobile and home smoking bans. In multivariate analyses, mother's U.S nativity, mother's current smoking, and presence of other adult smokers in the home were associated with significantly increased odds of not having a complete home or automobile smoking ban. Mother's smoking was associated with child ETS exposure both indoors (odds ratio [OR] = 3.31) and in automobiles (OR = 2.97). Children of U.S.-born mothers had increased odds of exposure to ETS indoors (OR = 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–7.69), but not in automobiles. Having complete smoking bans was associated with substantially reduced odds of child ETS exposure both indoors (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04–0.27) and in automobiles (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05–0.36). Conclusion This study of Hispanic mothers in the southwestern U.S. indicates that there are substantial differences between U.S.- and Mexico-born mothers in the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans, and resulting child ETS exposure. Tobacco interventions to increase smoke-free environments for U.S. Hispanic children should focus on both home and automobile smoking practices, especially among U.S.-born mothers, and utilize strategies that impact smoking practices of all household members. PMID:17069652

  2. 49 CFR 582.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... family, and his passengers in automobile accidents. [40 FR 4918, Feb. 3, 1975, as amended at 58 FR 12550... are used as so defined. (b) Definitions used in this part. (1) Automobile dealer means any person who engages in the retail sale of new automobiles as a trade or business. (2) Collision insurance means...

  3. 49 CFR 582.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... family, and his passengers in automobile accidents. [40 FR 4918, Feb. 3, 1975, as amended at 58 FR 12550... are used as so defined. (b) Definitions used in this part. (1) Automobile dealer means any person who engages in the retail sale of new automobiles as a trade or business. (2) Collision insurance means...

  4. 49 CFR 582.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... family, and his passengers in automobile accidents. [40 FR 4918, Feb. 3, 1975, as amended at 58 FR 12550... are used as so defined. (b) Definitions used in this part. (1) Automobile dealer means any person who engages in the retail sale of new automobiles as a trade or business. (2) Collision insurance means...

  5. 49 CFR 582.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... family, and his passengers in automobile accidents. [40 FR 4918, Feb. 3, 1975, as amended at 58 FR 12550... are used as so defined. (b) Definitions used in this part. (1) Automobile dealer means any person who engages in the retail sale of new automobiles as a trade or business. (2) Collision insurance means...

  6. 40 CFR 600.002-08 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 523.3. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in part 86 of... means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol. Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (2) Which...

  7. 40 CFR 600.002-93 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in § 600.113 or § 600.207; or (ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as... means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure...

  8. 40 CFR 610.11 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... lubricant additive) which is designed to be installed in or on an automobile as an addition to, as a...) Any fuel additive which is to be added to the fuel supply of an automobile by means other than fuel... provide higher fuel economy than would have resulted with the automobile as originally equipped, as...

  9. 40 CFR 610.11 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... lubricant additive) which is designed to be installed in or on an automobile as an addition to, as a...) Any fuel additive which is to be added to the fuel supply of an automobile by means other than fuel... provide higher fuel economy than would have resulted with the automobile as originally equipped, as...

  10. ASE Program Certification Standards for Automobile Technician Training Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation, Herndon, VA.

    This publication provides the evaluation policies, procedures, and standards to which an automobile technician training program must adhere to be granted certification by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence. The policies section has three parts: the automobile areas that may be certified and minimum requirements for…

  11. 40 CFR 610.11 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... lubricant additive) which is designed to be installed in or on an automobile as an addition to, as a...) Any fuel additive which is to be added to the fuel supply of an automobile by means other than fuel... provide higher fuel economy than would have resulted with the automobile as originally equipped, as...

  12. The Training Needs of Michigan Automobile Suppliers: Initial Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobs, James

    In June 1985, a survey was sent by the Industrial Technology Institute to 397 Michigan automobile supplier firms concerning their industrial training in modern manufacturing technologies. The purposes of this survey were to investigate the training needs of Michigan automobile suppliers, with particular emphasis on how they met their training…

  13. 40 CFR 600.107-78 - Fuel specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Exhaust Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Test Procedures § 600.107-78 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are given in paragraph (a)(1) of § 86.113 of this chapter. (b) The test fuel specifications for diesel automobiles are given in...

  14. 32 CFR 552.73 - Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. 552.73 Section 552.73 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... Military Reservations § 552.73 Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. Policies sold on...

  15. 32 CFR 552.73 - Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. 552.73 Section 552.73 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... Military Reservations § 552.73 Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. Policies sold on...

  16. 49 CFR 529.5 - Requirements for intermediate manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... automobile cause it to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the document furnished it by the incomplete automobile manufacturer under § 529.4(c)(1) or by a previous intermediate...

  17. 78 FR 77668 - Certification Reports, Compliance Statements, Application for a Test Procedure Waiver, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles. The Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles consists of four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation standards, and... Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles DOE requires that manufacturers: (1) Submit...

  18. IMPACTS OF MATERIAL SUBSTITUTION IN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURE ON RESOURCE RECOVERY. VOLUME II. APPENDICES A-E

    EPA Science Inventory

    Probable changes in the mix of materials used to manufacture automobiles were examined to determine if economic or technical problems in recycling could arise such that the 'abandoned automobile problem' would be resurrected. Future trends in materials composition of the automobi...

  19. 16 CFR 259.2 - Advertising disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ADVERTISING FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.2 Advertising disclosures. (a) No manufacturer or dealer shall make any express or implied representation in advertising concerning the fuel economy of any new automobile 1... “estimated highway mpg” of such new automobile, 2 must be disclosed; 2 For purposes of § 259.2(a), the...

  20. 40 CFR 60.390 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Performance for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations § 60.390 Applicability and... facilities in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly plant: each prime coat operation, each guide coat... to coat plastic body components or all-plastic automobile or light-duty truck bodies on separate...

  1. 75 FR 37432 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-29

    ... Approval; Comment Request; National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish... Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings (Renewal). ICR Numbers: EPA ICR Number 1765.06, OMB Control... consumer and commercial products and a schedule for their regulation (60 FR 15264). Automobile refinish...

  2. 49 CFR 529.5 - Requirements for intermediate manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... automobile cause it to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the document furnished it by the incomplete automobile manufacturer under § 529.4(c)(1) or by a previous intermediate...

  3. 32 CFR 552.73 - Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. 552.73 Section 552.73 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... Military Reservations § 552.73 Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. Policies sold on...

  4. 77 FR 5207 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Amendments to the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-02

    ... compound (VOC) emissions from industrial cleaning solvents facilities, automobile and light-duty truck... Organic Compounds,'' section 13.0, ``Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Coating Operations,'' section 16.0... requirements based on EPA CTGs. Amendments to section 13.0 establish (1) applicability for specific automobile...

  5. 49 CFR 529.5 - Requirements for intermediate manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... automobile cause it to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the document furnished it by the incomplete automobile manufacturer under § 529.4(c)(1) or by a previous intermediate...

  6. 16 CFR 259.2 - Advertising disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ADVERTISING FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.2 Advertising disclosures. (a) No manufacturer or dealer shall make any express or implied representation in advertising concerning the fuel economy of any new automobile 1... “estimated highway mpg” of such new automobile, 2 must be disclosed; 2 For purposes of § 259.2(a), the...

  7. 16 CFR 259.2 - Advertising disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ADVERTISING FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.2 Advertising disclosures. (a) No manufacturer or dealer shall make any express or implied representation in advertising concerning the fuel economy of any new automobile 1... “estimated highway mpg” of such new automobile, 2 must be disclosed; 2 For purposes of § 259.2(a), the...

  8. 40 CFR 60.390 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Performance for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations § 60.390 Applicability and... facilities in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly plant: each prime coat operation, each guide coat... to coat plastic body components or all-plastic automobile or light-duty truck bodies on separate...

  9. 32 CFR 552.73 - Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. 552.73 Section 552.73 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... Military Reservations § 552.73 Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. Policies sold on...

  10. 78 FR 63182 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings (Renewal) AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA... request (ICR), National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings (EPA... schedule for their regulation (60 FR 15264). Automobile refinish coatings were included on the list, and...

  11. 75 FR 790 - Federal Travel Regulation; Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-06

    ... reimbursement rates for using a privately owned automobile (POA), motorcycle or airplane for official travel... standard mileage rate for automobiles of $0.50 per mile effective January 1, 2010. The results of the... reimbursement is * * * * * Privately owned airplane \\1\\ $1.29 Privately owned automobile \\1\\ $0.50 Privately...

  12. 40 CFR 60.390 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Performance for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations § 60.390 Applicability and... facilities in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly plant: each prime coat operation, each guide coat... to coat plastic body components or all-plastic automobile or light-duty truck bodies on separate...

  13. 32 CFR 552.73 - Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. 552.73 Section 552.73 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY... Military Reservations § 552.73 Minimum requirements for automobile insurance policies. Policies sold on...

  14. 49 CFR 529.5 - Requirements for intermediate manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... automobile cause it to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the document furnished it by the incomplete automobile manufacturer under § 529.4(c)(1) or by a previous intermediate...

  15. 16 CFR 259.2 - Advertising disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ADVERTISING FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.2 Advertising disclosures. (a) No manufacturer or dealer shall make any express or implied representation in advertising concerning the fuel economy of any new automobile 1... “estimated highway mpg” of such new automobile, 2 must be disclosed; 2 For purposes of § 259.2(a), the...

  16. 49 CFR 529.5 - Requirements for intermediate manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529... automobile cause it to exceed the maximum curb weight or maximum frontal area set forth in the document furnished it by the incomplete automobile manufacturer under § 529.4(c)(1) or by a previous intermediate...

  17. 16 CFR 259.2 - Advertising disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ADVERTISING FOR NEW AUTOMOBILES § 259.2 Advertising disclosures. (a) No manufacturer or dealer shall make any express or implied representation in advertising concerning the fuel economy of any new automobile 1... “estimated highway mpg” of such new automobile, 2 must be disclosed; 2 For purposes of § 259.2(a), the...

  18. 75 FR 24753 - The Walker Auto Group, Inc., Miamisburg, OH; Notice of Negative Determination Regarding...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-05

    ..., supplies a service (sales and service of Pontiac automobiles)'' and ``A required minimum of the workforce... foreign-made automobiles has increased continually for years, contributing importantly to an actual... was based on the continued production of Pontiac automobiles, therefore the increases of imported cars...

  19. 77 FR 22224 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Amendments to the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-13

    ... of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions; Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Coating Operations; Paper... compound (VOC) emissions from industrial cleaning solvents facilities; automobile and light-duty truck..., ``Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Coating Operations,'' section 16.0, ``Paper Coating,'' section 23.0...

  20. 40 CFR 63.3081 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... replacement parts for automobiles, light-duty trucks, or other motor vehicles; and the affected source is... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks What This... section, the source category to which this subpart applies is automobile and light-duty truck surface...

  1. Your Automobile Dollar, [Revised.] Money Management

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baran, Nancy H., Ed.; Law, Jean L., Ed.

    This booklet on automobile purchasing and maintenance, 1 in a series of 12, covers all the basic aspects of personal- and family-money management. Suitable for use by high school and college students as well as adults, this handbook discusses buying, maintaining, and operating cars. Section 1 discusses managing automobile dollars. Topics include…

  2. Development of structural ceramic components for automobile applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kawamoto, H.

    1995-12-01

    Development efforts have been made in automobile technologies on heat engines to improve the power performance, the fuel economy, and so on. It is well recognized that ceramic applications are keys to succeed in such advanced heat engines, because of their good mechanical and thermal properties. This paper discusses present automobile applications of structural ceramic components and the expectations in automobile uses. The strength and reliability of mass-produced components for the engines are described with the manufacturing processes. The future R&D directions are recommended for structural ceramics.

  3. Automobiles and pollution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Degobert, P.

    This book explores the impact automobile emissions have on air pollution, focusing objectively on the share of pollution that can actually be attributed to the use of vehicles. Automobiles and Pollution begins with a presentation of general information on atmospheric pollution, including its regulatory aspects. The book`s focus then shifts to a more in-depth analysis of how pollutants can be eliminated from car exhaust emissions. Automobiles and Pollution will serve as a thorough and up-to-date reference for the specialist, and an informative primer to the nonspecialist needing an objective opinion on the subject.

  4. Scenes of fathering: The automobile as a place of occupation.

    PubMed

    Bonsall, Aaron

    2015-01-01

    While occupations are increasingly analyzed within contexts, other than the home, the ordinary places that facilitate occupations have been overlooked. The aim of this article is to explore the automobile as a place of occupation using data from an ethnographic study of fathers of children with disabilities. Qualitative data obtained through observations and interviews with the fathers and their families were analyzed using a narrative approach. Properties that influence interactions include opportunities to communicate, the vehicle itself, and electronics. Driving children in the automobile fulfills fathering responsibilities and is a time for connecting. For the fathers in this study, the automobile represents a place for negotiating complex demands of fathering. This study demonstrates not only the importance of the automobile, but also the influence of the immediate space on the construction of occupations.

  5. Rapid manufacturing of metallic Molds for parts in Automobile

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Renji; Xu, Da; Liu, Yuan; Yan, Xudong; Yan, Yongnian

    1998-03-01

    The recent research of RPM (Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing) in our lab has been focused on the rapid creation of alloyed cast iron (ACI) molds. There are a lot of machinery parts in an automobile, so a lot of mettallic molds are needed in automobile industry. A new mold manufacturing technology has been proposed. A new large scale RP machine has been set up in our lab now. Then rapid prototypes could be manufactured by means of laminated object manufacturing (LOM) technology. The molds for parts in automobile have been produced by ceramic shell precision casting. An example is a drawing mold for cover parts in automobile. Sufficient precision and surface roughness have been obtained. Itis proved that this is a vew kind of technology. Work supported by the Mational Science Foundation of China.

  6. Modeling a Thermoelectric HVAC System for Automobiles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Junior, C. S.; Strupp, N. C.; Lemke, N. C.; Koehler, J.

    2009-07-01

    In automobiles thermal energy is used at various energy scales. With regard to reduction of CO2 emissions, efficient generation of hot and cold temperatures and wise use of waste heat are of paramount importance for car manufacturers worldwide. Thermoelectrics could be a vital component in automobiles of the future. To evaluate the applicability of thermoelectric modules in automobiles, a Modelica model of a thermoelectric liquid-gas heat exchanger was developed for transient simulations. The model uses component models from the object-oriented Modelica library TIL. It was validated based on experimental data of a prototype heat exchanger and used to simulate transient and steady-state behavior. The use of the model within the energy management of an automobile is successfully shown for the air-conditioning system of a car.

  7. Daredevils and early birds: Belgian pioneers in automobile racing and aerial sports during the belle époque.

    PubMed

    Ameye, Thomas; Gils, Bieke; Delheye, Pascal

    2011-01-01

    During the belle époque, Belgium was a trend-setting nation in many domains, including motorised sports. Belgian automobile racers and pilots shattered world records and became international stars. Striking was the shift in sports. Indeed, around 1896, sporting members of the leisure class stepped from the bicycle into the automobile and, around 1908, from the automobile into the airplane. Although these motorised sports were extremely expensive, this article shows that sportsmen and sportswomen from the working class could achieve upward social mobility through their performances. The achievements of these motorised pioneers had a major impact and wide-ranging significance. They laid the foundations for the expansion of the automobile industry and the emergence of civilian and military aviation.

  8. Studies on pyrolysis and gasification of automobile shredder residue in China.

    PubMed

    Ni, Feijian; Chen, Ming

    2014-10-01

    With increasing automobile ownerships in China, the number of end-of-life vehicles has also rapidly increased. However, the automobile shredder residue generated during the dismantling of end-of-life vehicles in China is not treated properly and has caused great resource waste and environmental problems. In this work, automobile shredder residue from a domestic end-of-life vehicles dismantling company was comprehensively studied through element analysis, combustion heat experiment, proximate analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The feasibility of using pyrolysis combined with gasification to treat and recycle automobile shredder residue was investigated. The produced gas, oil, and residue yield was measured and the correlation between their yield and the experimental temperature and ratio of air to automobile shredder residue feed was studied. It is found that when ratio of air and experimental temperature are 1.5 mol kg(-1) and 900 °C, respectively, the heat energy of the gas produced per kilogram treated automobile shredder residue reaches a maximum value of 11.28 MJ. The characteristics of pyrolysis oil and solid residue were studied. The solid residue takes up 4.65%~5.57% of the original end-of-life vehicles weight. This greatly helps to reach the target of a 95% recycling rate. © The Author(s) 2014.

  9. Substance flow analysis and environmental releases of PBDEs in life cycle of automobiles.

    PubMed

    Choi, Jonghyun; Jang, Yong-Chul; Kim, Jong-Guk

    2017-01-01

    Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, have been widely used in many applications in industry such as automobiles, textiles, and electronics. This study focused on a quantitative substance flow analysis (SFA) of PBDEs in automobiles in order to identify their flow by life cycle and treatment pathways of PBDEs-containing materials in end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in Korea. In addition, this study has estimated environmental releases of PBDEs in automobiles by life cycle in Korea. During this study, PBDEs were analyzed for the samples collected from several ELVs treatment facilities using X-ray fluorescence and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. The system boundary for SFA of PBDEs ranged from manufacturing/trade to disposal stage of automobiles by life cycle. Based on the result of the SFA, it was found that the amount of PBDEs in automobiles were the highest in use stage (7748ton/year), followed by production stage (1743ton/year) in 2014. In disposal stage, automobile shredded residues (ASR) and seat fabrics were the main components with relatively high levels of PBDEs in ELVs. The major treatment methods of such components included incineration (84%), energy recovery (9%), and landfilling (6%). This research indicates that PBDEs were emitted the highest amount from interior components during the use stage of automobiles, followed by recycling processes such as dismantling and shredding. This study suggests that PBDEs in ASR and seat fabrics should be properly managed to prevent the widespread dispersion in the environment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. 40 CFR 600.107-93 - Fuel specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Exhaust Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Test Procedures § 600.107-93 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are given in § 86.113(a) (1) and (2) of this chapter. (b) The test fuel specifications for diesel-fueled automobiles are given in § 86...

  11. Analysis of the Automobile Market : Modeling the Long-Run Determinants of the Demand for Automobiles : Volume 1. The Wharton EFA Automobile Demand Model

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-12-01

    An econometric model is developed which provides long-run policy analysis and forecasting of annual trends, for U.S. auto stock, new sales, and their composition by auto size-class. The concept of "desired" (equilibrium) stock is introduced. "Desired...

  12. 26 CFR 48.4064-1 - Gas guzzler tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... to model types of 1980 and later model year automobiles that have a fuel economy level below the..., manufacturer, automobile, model year, model type, fuel economy, and fuel. Paragraph (c) of this section... tax-free sales of emergency vehicles. (2) Tables. (i) In the case of a 1980 model year automobile: If...

  13. 29 CFR 779.334 - Sales of services for resale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Where a garage repairs automobiles for a secondhand automobile dealer with the knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the automobile on which the work is performed will be sold, the service performed by the garage is a sale for resale. The services performed by a dental laboratory in the making of...

  14. Apprenticeship and Training Standards for Automobile Mechanic, Body Repairman and Painter.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Independent Garage Owners of America, Inc., Chicago, IL.

    The national apprenticeship standards developed by the Independent Garage Owners of America provide guidelines for establishing local programs of apprenticeship for automobile mechanics, body and fender mechanics, and painters. The apprenticeship term is specified as 4 years for the automobile mechanics and body nd fender mechanics and 3 years for…

  15. 29 CFR 779.334 - Sales of services for resale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Where a garage repairs automobiles for a secondhand automobile dealer with the knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the automobile on which the work is performed will be sold, the service performed by the garage is a sale for resale. The services performed by a dental laboratory in the making of...

  16. 29 CFR 779.334 - Sales of services for resale.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Where a garage repairs automobiles for a secondhand automobile dealer with the knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the automobile on which the work is performed will be sold, the service performed by the garage is a sale for resale. The services performed by a dental laboratory in the making of...

  17. 78 FR 36771 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-19

    ... Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NSPS for Automobile and Light Duty... www.regulations.gov . Title: NSPS for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations.../Affected Entities: Owners or operators of facilities that conduct automobile and light duty truck surface...

  18. 77 FR 66419 - Eligibility of Disabled Veterans and Members of the Armed Forces With Severe Burn Injuries for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-05

    ... Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION... regarding a certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of an automobile or other... the Armed Forces with Severe Burn Injuries for Financial Assistance in the Purchase of an Automobile...

  19. 75 FR 44238 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NESHAP for Automobile and Light- Duty... electronic docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov . Title: NESHAP for Automobile and Light-duty Truck... Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Automobile and Light-duty Truck Surface Coating (40 CFR Part 63...

  20. 78 FR 45923 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NESHAP...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-30

    ... Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NESHAP for Automobile and Light-duty Truck... Environmental Protection Agency has submitted an information collection request (ICR), ``NESHAP for Automobile... semiannually at a minimum. Form Numbers: None. Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of automobile...

  1. Stirling engines for automobiles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Beremand, D. G.

    1979-01-01

    The results of recent and ongoing automobile Stirling engine development efforts are reviewed and technology status and requirements are identified. Key technology needs include those for low cost, high temperature (1300 - 1500 F) metal alloys for heater heads, and reliable long-life, low-leakage shaft seals. Various fuel economy projections for Stirling powered automobiles are reviewed and assessed.

  2. 42 CFR 411.39 - Automobile and liability insurance (including self-insurance), no-fault insurance, and workers...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automobile and liability insurance (including self-insurance), no-fault insurance, and workers' compensation: Final conditional payment amounts via Web portal... Coverage That Limits Medicare Payment: General Provisions § 411.39 Automobile and liability insurance...

  3. 42 CFR 411.39 - Automobile and liability insurance (including self-insurance), no-fault insurance, and workers...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automobile and liability insurance (including self-insurance), no-fault insurance, and workers' compensation: Final conditional payment amounts via Web portal... Coverage That Limits Medicare Payment: General Provisions § 411.39 Automobile and liability insurance...

  4. 76 FR 7590 - Bruss North America Russell Springs, Kentucky; Notice of Revised Determination on Reconsideration

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-10

    ...). The subject workers are engaged in employment related to the production of automobile parts and... to the production of automobile parts and component parts, meet the criteria as Suppliers for... sold automobile parts and component parts for a firm that employed a worker group eligible to apply for...

  5. 78 FR 57486 - Eligibility of Disabled Veterans and Members of the Armed Forces With Severe Burn Injuries for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION: Final... automobile or other conveyance and adaptive equipment, which was published in the Federal Register on... purchase of an automobile or other conveyance and adaptive equipment. That statutory change took effect on...

  6. 77 FR 70389 - Eligibility of Disabled Veterans and Members of the Armed Forces With Severe Burn Injuries for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... Automobile or Other Conveyance and Adaptive Equipment; Correction AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs... certificate of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of an automobile or other conveyance and... determination of eligibility for financial assistance in the purchase of an automobile or other conveyance and...

  7. Empirical Analysis of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Indian Automobile Industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luthra, S.; Garg, D.; Haleem, A.

    2014-04-01

    Environmental sustainability and green environmental issues have an increasing popularity among researchers and supply chain practitioners. An attempt has been made to identify and empirically analyze green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in Indian automobile industry. Six main GSCM practices (having 37 sub practices) and four expected performance outcomes (having 16 performances) have been identified by implementing GSCM practices from literature review. Questionnaire based survey has been made to validate these practices and performance outcomes. 123 complete questionnaires were collected from Indian automobile organizations and used for empirical analysis of GSCM practices in Indian automobile industry. Descriptive statistics have been used to know current implementation status of GSCM practices in Indian automobile industry and multiple regression analysis has been carried out to know the impact on expected organizational performance outcomes by current GSCM practices adopted by Indian automobile industry. The results of study suggested that environmental, economic, social and operational performances improve with the implementation of GSCM practices. This paper may play an important role to understand various GSCM implementation issues and help practicing managers to improve their performances in the supply chain.

  8. Experimental analysis of synchronization and dynamics in an automobile as a complex system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    González-Cruz, C. A.; Jáuregui-Correa, J. C.; López-Cajún, C.; Sen, M.; Domínguez-González, A.

    2015-08-01

    A complex system is composed of many interacting elements, and its behavior, as a whole, can be quite different from that of the individual elements. An automobile is an example of a common mechanical system composed of a large number of individual elements. These elements are connected through soft and hard linkages that transmit motion to each other. This paper proposes a variety of analytical tools to study experimental data from complex systems using two elements of an automobile as an example. Accelerometer measurements were taken from two elements within an automobile: the door and the dashboard. Two types of data were collected: response to impact loading, and response to road excitation of the automobile driven at different speeds. The signals were processed via Fourier and wavelet transforms, cross-correlation coefficients, Hilbert transform, and Kuramoto order parameters. A new parameter, called the order-deficit parameter, is introduced. Considerable, but not complete, synchronization can be found between the accelerations measured at these two locations in the automobile, and the degree of synchronization is quantified using the order-deficit parameter.

  9. [Automobile versus pedestrian accidents analysis by fixed-parameters computer simulation].

    PubMed

    Mao, Ming-Yuan; Chen, Yi-Jiu; Liu, Ning-Guo; Zou, Dong-Hua; Liu, Jun-Yong; Jin, Xian-Long

    2008-04-01

    Using computer simulation to analyze the effects of speed, type of automobile and impacted position on crash-course and injuries of pedestrians in automobile vs. pedestrian accidents. Automobiles (bus, minibus, car and truck) and pedestrian models were constructed with multi-body dynamics computing method. The crashes were simulated at different impact speeds (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km/h) and different positions (front, lateral and rear of pedestrians). Crash-courses and their biomechanical responses were studied. If the type of automobile and impact position were the same, the crash-courses were similar (impact speed < or = 60 km/h). There were some characteristics in the head acceleration, upper neck axial force and leg axial force. Multi-body dynamics computer simulation of crash can be applied to analyze crash-course and injuries (head, neck and leg) of pedestrians.

  10. A bivariate model for analyzing recurrent multi-type automobile failures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sunethra, A. A.; Sooriyarachchi, M. R.

    2017-09-01

    The failure mechanism in an automobile can be defined as a system of multi-type recurrent failures where failures can occur due to various multi-type failure modes and these failures are repetitive such that more than one failure can occur from each failure mode. In analysing such automobile failures, both the time and type of the failure serve as response variables. However, these two response variables are highly correlated with each other since the timing of failures has an association with the mode of the failure. When there are more than one correlated response variables, the fitting of a multivariate model is more preferable than separate univariate models. Therefore, a bivariate model of time and type of failure becomes appealing for such automobile failure data. When there are multiple failure observations pertaining to a single automobile, such data cannot be treated as independent data because failure instances of a single automobile are correlated with each other while failures among different automobiles can be treated as independent. Therefore, this study proposes a bivariate model consisting time and type of failure as responses adjusted for correlated data. The proposed model was formulated following the approaches of shared parameter models and random effects models for joining the responses and for representing the correlated data respectively. The proposed model is applied to a sample of automobile failures with three types of failure modes and up to five failure recurrences. The parametric distributions that were suitable for the two responses of time to failure and type of failure were Weibull distribution and multinomial distribution respectively. The proposed bivariate model was programmed in SAS Procedure Proc NLMIXED by user programming appropriate likelihood functions. The performance of the bivariate model was compared with separate univariate models fitted for the two responses and it was identified that better performance is secured by the bivariate model. The proposed model can be used to determine the time and type of failure that would occur in the automobiles considered here.

  11. The Raising Influence of Information Technologies on Professional Training in the Sphere of Automated Driving When Transporting Mined Rock

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kosolapov, Andrey; Krysin, Sergey

    2017-11-01

    Revolutionary changes in the area of production, holding and exploitation of the automobile as a transport vehicle are analyzed in the article. Current state of the issue is described and the development stages of new approach to driving without human participation are predicted, taking into consideration the usage of automobiles for transportation of mined rock in Kuzbass. The influence of modern information technologies on the development of new sector of automobile industry and on the process of professional and further training of the specialists in the sphere of automobile driving is considered.

  12. Unsuccessful Suicide by Carbon Monoxide: A Secondary Benefit of Emissions Control

    PubMed Central

    Landers, Dennis

    1981-01-01

    Emission systems and devices are required on automobile engines to reduce air pollution problems. Catalytic converters have been used on most 1975 and newer automobiles to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to a value that meets the Environmental Protection Agency requirements established for 1975 and 1976. The 1980-1981 Boise, Idaho, study shows that with a functioning catalytic converter either unmeasurable or sublethal quantities of CO appear in automobile exhaust. Thus, emissions control has produced a secondary benefit in reducing the number of suicides by CO poisoning from automobile exhaust fumes. PMID:6176074

  13. Unsuccessful suicide by carbon monoxide: a secondary benefit of emissions control

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Landers, D.

    Emission systems and devices are required on automobile engines to reduce air pollution problems. Catalytic converters have been used on most 1975 and newer automobiles to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to a value that meets the Environmental Protection Agency requirements established for 1975 and 1976. The 1980-1981 Boise, Idaho, study shows that with a functioning catalytic converter either unmeasurable or sublethal quantities of CO appear in automobile exhaust. Thus, emissions control has produced a secondary benefit in reducing the number of suicides by CO poisoning from automobile exhaust fumes.

  14. Life cycle assessment of switchgrass- and corn stover-derived ethanol-fueled automobiles.

    PubMed

    Spatari, Sabrina; Zhang, Yimin; MacLean, Heather L

    2005-12-15

    Utilizing domestically produced cellulose-derived ethanol for the light-duty vehicle fleet can potentially improve the environmental performance and sustainability of the transport and energy sectors of the economy. A life cycle assessment model was developed to examine environmental implications of the production and use of ethanol in automobiles in Ontario, Canada. The results were compared to those of low-sulfur reformulated gasoline (RFG) in a functionally equivalent automobile. Two time frames were evaluated, one near-term (2010), which examines converting a dedicated energy crop (switchgrass) and an agricultural residue (corn stover) to ethanol; and one midterm (2020), which assumes technological improvements in the switchgrass-derived ethanol life cycle. Near-term results show that, compared to a RFG automobile, life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are 57% lower for an E85-fueled automobile derived from switchgrass and 65% lower for ethanol from corn stover, on a grams of CO2 equivalent per kilometer basis. Corn stover ethanol exhibits slightly lower life cycle GHG emissions, primarily due to sharing emissions with grain production. Through projected improvements in crop and ethanol yields, results for the mid-term scenario show that GHG emissions could be 25-35% lower than those in 2010 and that, even with anticipated improvements in RFG automobiles, E85 automobiles could still achieve up to 70% lower GHG emissions across the life cycle.

  15. Analysis of the Automobile Market : Modeling the Long-Run Determinants of the Demand for Automobiles : Volume 3. Appendices to the Wharton EFA Automobile Demand Model

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-12-01

    An econometric model is developed which provides long-run policy analysis and forecasting of annual trends, for U.S. auto stock, new sales, and their composition by auto size-class. The concept of "desired" (equilibrium) stock is introduced. "Desired...

  16. 26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

  17. 49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

  18. 26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

  19. 26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

  20. 26 CFR 145.4051-1 - Imposition of tax on heavy trucks and trailers sold at retail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Automobile truck chassis and bodies; (ii) Truck trailer and semitrailer chassis and bodies; and (iii.... A sale of an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, shall be considered to be a sale of a... is an automobile truck, truck trailer or semitrailer, or a tractor of the kind chiefly used for...

  1. Analysis of the Automobile Market : Modeling the Long-Run Determinants of the Demand for Automobiles : Volume 2. Simulation Analysis Using the Wharton EFA Automobile Demand Model

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-12-01

    An econometric model is developed which provides long-run policy analysis and forecasting of annual trends, for U.S. auto stock, new sales, and their composition by auto size-class. The concept of "desired" (equilibrium) stock is introduced. "Desired...

  2. A Tractor or an Automobile? A 1920s Farm Family Faces a Decision.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kunze, Joel P.

    1991-01-01

    Outlines a lesson plan in which students role play a 1920s farm family deciding whether to buy an automobile or a tractor. Other students act as automobile and tractor sales groups. Explains how the lesson illuminates relationships between technological advance and social history. Includes handouts identifying benefits of purchasing cars or…

  3. 76 FR 9717 - Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Saddle-Mount Braking Requirements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-22

    ... when a full mount is present. This is in response to a petition for rulemaking from the Automobile... ranging from automobiles to Class 8 trucks. ACC states that its members transport more than 96 percent of... of the National Automobile Transporters Association (NATA), as well as supporting tests RAI conducted...

  4. 49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

  5. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  6. 49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

  7. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  8. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  9. 49 CFR 526.5 - Earning offsetting monetary credits in future model years.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1980 § 526.5 Earning offsetting monetary credits in future... for the class of automobiles which may fail to comply with a fuel economy standard and for any other classes of automobiles from which credits may be transferred, for the current model year and for each...

  10. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary). (a) In general... deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and...

  11. 26 CFR 1.280F-1T - Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview... Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and... section 168 for passenger automobiles. Section 280F(b) denies the investment tax credit and requires use...

  12. 75 FR 22399 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-28

    ... Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; NSPS for Automobile and Light Duty... electronic docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov . Title: NSPS for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface... Standards (NSPS) for Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations (40 CFR part 60, subpart MM...

  13. Import Auto Technician; Curriculum Guide for the Development of an Import Automobile Technology Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    East Los Angeles Coll., CA.

    In this curriculum guide, courses in a three-phase community college program for training import automobile technicians are provided. Following an introducation to the guide, the background of the development of the program, the program, the instruction, support for instruction, and the import automobile industry are discussed. Sample options for…

  14. Evaluation of Genotoxicity in Automobile Mechanics Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Micronuclei and Other Nuclear Abnormalities

    PubMed Central

    Khan, Mohammed Rafiq; Sudha, Sellappa

    2012-01-01

    Background Occupational and environmental exposures mostly represent mixtures of genotoxic agents, whereas the specificity of biomarker measurements varies widely. Exploration of correlations among biomarkers contributes to the further progress of molecular cancer epidemiology and to the selection of the optimal biomarkers for the investigation of human exposure to carcinogens. The aim of this study was to assess the potential cytogenetic damage associated with occupational exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) among automobile mechanics by using Micronuclei (MN) and other Nuclear Abnormalities (NA) as a biomarker. Methods The study population composed of 110 occupationally exposed automobile mechanics and 100 unexposed controls. All the study participants were males. Both the exposed and control individuals were selected from automobile garages located in the urban area of Coimbatore City, South India. Exfoliated buccal cells were collected from 110 automobile mechanics and 100 age and sex matched controls. Further, cells were examined for MN frequency and Nuclear Abnormalities (NA) other than micronuclei, such as binucleates, broken eggs and karyolysis. Results Results showed a statistically significant difference between occupationally exposed automobile mechanics and control groups. MN and NA frequencies in automobile mechanics were significantly higher than those in control groups (p < 0.05) and also significantly related to smoking habit (p < 0.05). In addition, a higher degree of NA was observed among the exposed subjects with smoking, drinking, tobacco chewing, which is an indicative of cytogenetic damage in these individuals. Conclusion MN and other NA reflect genetic changes, events associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that automobile mechanics exposed to PAHs are under risk of significant cytogenetic damage. Therefore, it is important to provide and offer better awareness of occupational hazards among these workers to promote occupational safety. PMID:25628826

  15. Comfort model for automobile seat.

    PubMed

    da Silva, Lizandra da; Bortolotti, Silvana Ligia Vincenzi; Campos, Izabel Carolina Martins; Merino, Eugenio Andrés Díaz

    2012-01-01

    Comfort on automobile seats is lived daily by thousands of drivers. Epistemologically, comfort can be understood under the theory of complexity, since it emerges from a chain of interrelationships between man and several elements of the system. This interaction process can engender extreme comfort associated to the feeling of pleasure and wellbeing or, on the other hand, lead to discomfort, normally followed by pain. This article has for purpose the development of a theoretical model that favours the comfort feature on automobile seats through the identification of its facets and indicators. For such, a theoretical study is resorted to, allowing the mapping of elements that constitute the model. The results present a comfort model on automobile seats that contemplates the (physical, psychological, object, context and environment) facets. This model is expected to contribute with the automobile industry for the development of improvements of the ergonomic project of seats to increase the comfort noticed by the users.

  16. 49 CFR 578.6 - Civil penalties for violations of specified provisions of Title 49 of the United States Code.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... under this paragraph for a related series of daily violations is $17,350,000. (b) National Automobile... for a civil penalty of not more than $140,000 a day for each violation. (h) Automobile fuel economy...) or (B) for automobiles to which the standard applies manufactured by the manufacturer during the...

  17. 49 CFR 578.6 - Civil penalties for violations of specified provisions of Title 49 of the United States Code.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... under this paragraph for a related series of daily violations is $17,350,000. (b) National Automobile... for a civil penalty of not more than $140,000 a day for each violation. (h) Automobile fuel economy...) or (B) for automobiles to which the standard applies manufactured by the manufacturer during the...

  18. 40 CFR 600.314-08 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. 600.314-08 Section 600.314... label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles... economies of comparable automobiles based upon all label data supplied to the Administrator. (e) The...

  19. 29 CFR 785.40 - When private automobile is used in travel away from home community.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false When private automobile is used in travel away from home community. 785.40 Section 785.40 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... WORKED Application of Principles Traveltime § 785.40 When private automobile is used in travel away from...

  20. 29 CFR 785.40 - When private automobile is used in travel away from home community.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false When private automobile is used in travel away from home community. 785.40 Section 785.40 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... WORKED Application of Principles Traveltime § 785.40 When private automobile is used in travel away from...

  1. 29 CFR 785.40 - When private automobile is used in travel away from home community.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When private automobile is used in travel away from home community. 785.40 Section 785.40 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... WORKED Application of Principles Traveltime § 785.40 When private automobile is used in travel away from...

  2. 40 CFR 600.314-08 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. 600.314-08 Section 600.314... label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles... economies of comparable automobiles based upon all label data supplied to the Administrator. (e) The...

  3. 29 CFR 785.40 - When private automobile is used in travel away from home community.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false When private automobile is used in travel away from home community. 785.40 Section 785.40 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... WORKED Application of Principles Traveltime § 785.40 When private automobile is used in travel away from...

  4. 40 CFR 600.314-08 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. 600.314-08 Section 600.314... label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles... economies of comparable automobiles based upon all label data supplied to the Administrator. (e) The...

  5. 29 CFR 785.40 - When private automobile is used in travel away from home community.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false When private automobile is used in travel away from home community. 785.40 Section 785.40 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION... WORKED Application of Principles Traveltime § 785.40 When private automobile is used in travel away from...

  6. 40 CFR 600.314-01 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles. 600.314-01 Section 600... Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.314-01 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles. (a) The label values established in § 600.312...

  7. 40 CFR 600.314-86 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles. 600.314-86 Section 600... Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.314-86 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles. (a) The label values established in § 600.312...

  8. Suicidal hanging within an automobile.

    PubMed

    Blanco Pampin, J M; López-Abajo Rodriguez, B A

    2001-12-01

    Accidental asphyxia related to cars has been described in different reports, but suicidal hanging in an automobile is very unusual. Two cases of suicidal hanging inside an automobile are described, illustrating an unusual form of hanging. In one case, the deceased used his belt as a ligature, and the point of attachment was the window of the car. The second victim used the safety belt of the passenger seat. In both cases, the automobile engine was turned off, all the windows were closed, and the door locks were blocked. The medicolegal cause of hanging was based on the scene of the investigation, police and witness reports, social history, autopsy findings, and toxicologic examinations.

  9. Research on the Bionics Design of Automobile Styling Based on the Form Gene

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aili, Zhao; Long, Jiang

    2017-09-01

    From the heritage of form gene point of view, this thesis has analyzed the gene make-up, cultural inheritance and aesthetic features in the evolution and development of forms of brand automobiles and proposed the bionic design concept and methods in the automobile styling design. And this innovative method must be based on the form gene, and the consistency and combination of form element must be maintained during the design. Taking the design of Maserati as an example, the thesis will show you the design method and philosophy in the aspects of form gene expression and bionic design innovation for the future automobile styling.

  10. Measurements of major VOCs released into the closed cabin environment of different automobiles under various engine and ventilation scenarios.

    PubMed

    Kim, Ki-Hyun; Szulejko, Jan E; Jo, Hyo-Jae; Lee, Min-Hee; Kim, Yong-Hyun; Kwon, Eilhann; Ma, Chang-Jin; Kumar, Pawan

    2016-08-01

    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in automobile cabins were measured quantitatively to describe their emission characteristics in relation to various idling scenarios using three used automobiles (compact, intermediate sedan, and large sedan) under three different idling conditions ([1] cold engine off and ventilation off, [2] exterior air ventilation with idling warm engine, and [3] internal air recirculation with idling warm engine). The ambient air outside the vehicle was also analyzed as a reference. A total of 24 VOCs (with six functional groups) were selected as target compounds. Accordingly, the concentration of 24 VOC quantified as key target compounds averaged 4.58 ± 3.62 ppb (range: 0.05 (isobutyl alcohol) ∼ 38.2 ppb (formaldehyde)). Moreover, if their concentrations are compared between different automobile operational modes: the 'idling engine' levels (5.24 ± 4.07) was 1.3-5 times higher than the 'engine off' levels (4.09 ± 3.23) across all 3 automobile classes. In summary, automobile in-cabin VOC emissions are highly contingent on changes in engine and ventilation modes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Summary of semi-initiative and initiative control automobile engine vibration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qu, Wei; Qu, Zhou

    2009-07-01

    Engine vibration accounts for around 55% of automobile vibration, separating the engine vibration from transmitting to automobile to the utmost extent is significant for improving NVH performance. Semi-initiative and initiative control of engine vibration is one of the hot spots of technical research in domestic and foreign automobile industry, especially luxury automobiles which adopt this technology to improve amenity and competitiveness. This article refers to a large amount of domestic and foreign related materials, fully introduces the research status of semi-initiative and initiative control suspension of engine vibration suspension and many kinds of structural style, and provides control policy and method of semi-initiative and initiative control suspension system. Compare and analyze the structural style of semi-initiative and initiative control and merits and demerits of current structures of semi-initiative and initiative control of mechanic electrorheological, magnetorheological, electromagnetic actuator, piezoelectric ceramics, electrostriction material, pneumatic actuator etc. Models of power assembly mounting system was classified.Calculation example indicated that reasonable selection of engine mounting system parameters is useful to reduce engine vibration transmission and to increase ride comfort. Finally we brought forward semi-initiative and initiative suspension which might be applied for automobiles, and which has a promising future.

  12. Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust from personal automobiles in conjunction with studies on the photochemical degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209).

    PubMed

    Lagalante, Anthony F; Shedden, Courtney S; Greenbacker, Peter W

    2011-07-01

    The levels of 21 PBDE congeners were detemined in the dust sampled from 66 personal automobiles. The dominant congener in automobile dust was BDE-209 with a median level of 8.12 μg g⁻¹. Personal vehicle dust samples contained the characteristic profile of the PBDE congeners that comprise the PentaBDE and DecaBDE commercial formulations. Levels of PBDEs in personal automobiles are generally reduced in comparison to our previously reported levels in resale vehicles on dealership lots presumably due to a dilution effect introduced by dust or debris that does not originate from the vehicle. Laboratory photochemical studies were conducted on both automobile dust collected from personal vehicles as well as BDE-209 adsorbed to sodium sulfate. No significant degradation occurred in the personal vehicle dust after 56 days of constant UVA irradiation while significant degradation did occur with BDE-209 adsorbed to sodium sulfate. PBDEs from the degradation of BDE-209 were identified and potential degradation pathways elucidated. Human exposure potential to PBDEs from automobile dust ingestion remains a serious concern in the U.S. population. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. On the contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the carcinogenic impact of automobile exhaust condensate evaluated by local application onto mouse skin.

    PubMed

    Grimmer, G; Brune, H; Deutsch-Wenzel, R; Naujack, K W; Misfeld, J; Timm, J

    1983-11-01

    The objective of this investigation was to identify the substances chiefly responsible for the carcinogenicity of automobile exhaust condensate using topical application onto the skin of mice. This was performed by comparing the carcinogenic effect of various fractions with that of an unseparated sample of automobile exhaust condensate, tested in 3 different doses. The probit and Weibull analysis of the result shows: (a) The condensate, emitted from a gasoline-driven automobile provokes local tumors after long-term application to the dorsal skin of mice. The tumor incidence demonstrates a clear cut dose-response relationship. (b) The fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) containing more than 3 rings accounts for about 84-91% of the total carcinogenicity of automobile exhaust condensate. This fraction represents only about 3.5% by wt of the condensate. (c) The content of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (0.414 mg/g) accounts for 6-7.6% of the total carcinogenicity of automobile exhaust condensate, 15 selected PAHs for about 41%. (d) Regarding the minor effect of the PAH-free fraction (about 83% by wt), no hints for a cocarcinogenic activity were observed.

  14. 41 CFR 301-70.104 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? 301... determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? You should consider: (a) The advantages of using a Government automobile. Such advantages may include, but are not...

  15. 41 CFR 301-70.104 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? 301... determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? You should consider: (a) The advantages of using a Government automobile. Such advantages may include, but are not...

  16. 40 CFR 600.314-08 - Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. 600.314-08 Section 600.314... Model Year Automobiles-Labeling § 600.314-08 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The label values established in § 600.312...

  17. 41 CFR 301-70.104 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? 301... determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? You should consider: (a) The advantages of using a Government automobile. Such advantages may include, but are not...

  18. 41 CFR 301-70.104 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? 301... determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? You should consider: (a) The advantages of using a Government automobile. Such advantages may include, but are not...

  19. 41 CFR 301-70.104 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... consider in determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? 301... determining whether to require an employee to commit to the use of a Government automobile? You should consider: (a) The advantages of using a Government automobile. Such advantages may include, but are not...

  20. 40 CFR Appendix I to Part 600 - Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (Applicable to 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (Applicable to 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles) I Appendix I to Part 600 Protection of Environment... to 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles) [ speed (mph) vs time (sec) ] SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC...

  1. The Topology Optimization Design Research for Aluminum Inner Panel of Automobile Engine Hood

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Minhao; Hu, Dongqing; Liu, Xiangzheng; Yuan, Huanquan

    2017-11-01

    This article discusses the topology optimization methods for automobile engine hood design. The aluminum inner panel of engine hood and mucilage glue regions are set as design areas, and the static performances of engine hood included modal frequency, lateral stiffness, torsional stiffness and indentation stiffness are set as the optimization objectives. The topology optimization results about different objective functions are contrasted for analysis. And based on the reasonable topology optimization result, a suited automobile engine hood designs are raised to further study. Finally, an automobile engine hood that good at all of static performances is designed, and a favorable topology optimization method is put forward for discussion.

  2. Effects of automobile steering characteristics on driver vehicle system dynamics in regulation tasks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mcruer, D. T.; Klein, R.

    1975-01-01

    A regulation task which subjected the automobile to a random gust disturbance which is countered by driver control action is used to study the effects of various automobile steering characteristics on the driver/vehicle system. The experiments used a variable stability automobile specially configured to permit insertion of the simulated gust disturbance and the measurement of the driver/vehicle system characteristics. Driver/vehicle system dynamics were measured and interpreted as an effective open loop system describing function. Objective measures of system bandwidth, stability, and time delays were deduced and compared. These objective measures were supplemented by driver ratings. A tentative optimum range of vehicle dynamics for the directional regulation task was established.

  3. Magnetic properties and heavy metal contents of automobile emission particulates*

    PubMed Central

    Lu, Sheng-gao; Bai, Shi-qiang; Cai, Jing-bo; Xu, Chang

    2005-01-01

    Measurements of the magnetic properties and total contents of Cu, Cd, Pb and Fe in 30 automobile emission particulate samples indicated the presence of magnetic particles in them. The values of frequency dependent susceptibility (χ fd) showed the absence of superparamagnetic (SP) grains in the samples. The IRM20 mT (isothermal remanent magnetization at 20 mT) being linearly proportional to SIRM (saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) (R 2=0.901), suggested that ferrimagnetic minerals were responsible for the magnetic properties of automobile emission particulates. The average contents of Cu, Cd, Pb and Fe in automobile emission particulates were 95.83, 22.14, 30.58 and 34727.31 mg/kg, respectively. Significant positive correlations exist between the magnetic parameters and the contents of Pb, Cu and Fe. The magnetic parameters of automobile emission particulates reflecting concentration of magnetic particles increased linearly with increase of Pb and Cu content, showed that the magnetic measurement could be used as a preliminary index for detection of Pb and Cu pollution. PMID:16052705

  4. 76 FR 7098 - Dealer Floor Plan Pilot Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-09

    ... inventory, including but not limited to automobiles, motorcycles, boats (including boat trailers..., including but not limited to automobiles, motorcycles, boats (including boat trailers), recreational...

  5. Restraint systems for the prevention of injury to children in automobile accidents.

    PubMed Central

    Scherz, R G

    1976-01-01

    Highway accidents are the leading cause of child deaths in the United States from the ages of 1-14 years-6,122 such deaths occurred in 1973. In most instances deaths and permanent injuries occurred with the child as a passenger in an automobile. One approach toward alleviating this problem is the restraint of children in automobiles to reduce the likelihood of injury in a crash. PMID:1275118

  6. West Europe Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-07

    are convinced that nothing less will do. The group’s destiny is largely bound up with the automobile and with Europe, and it is therefore...given that Fiat primarily represents automobiles in people’s minds. In the past this sector was very important for Turin, especially while it held...no trifling affair. In 1987 Fiat automobile will produce profits of 20 trillion (it will thus by itself be about one and a half times the size of

  7. Benefit from NASA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-01-01

    Don Sirois, an Auburn University research associate, and Bruce Strom, a mechanical engineering Co-Op Student, are evaluating the dimensional characteristics of an aluminum automobile engine casting. More accurate metal casting processes may reduce the weight of some cast metal products used in automobiles, such as engines. Research in low gravity has taken an important first step toward making metal products used in homes, automobiles, and aircraft less expensive, safer, and more durable. Auburn University and industry are partnering with NASA to develop one of the first accurate computer model predictions of molten metals and molding materials used in a manufacturing process called casting. Ford Motor Company's casting plant in Cleveland, Ohio is using NASA-sponsored computer modeling information to improve the casting process of automobile and light-truck engine blocks.

  8. Improving Metal Casting Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Don Sirois, an Auburn University research associate, and Bruce Strom, a mechanical engineering Co-Op Student, are evaluating the dimensional characteristics of an aluminum automobile engine casting. More accurate metal casting processes may reduce the weight of some cast metal products used in automobiles, such as engines. Research in low gravity has taken an important first step toward making metal products used in homes, automobiles, and aircraft less expensive, safer, and more durable. Auburn University and industry are partnering with NASA to develop one of the first accurate computer model predictions of molten metals and molding materials used in a manufacturing process called casting. Ford Motor Company's casting plant in Cleveland, Ohio is using NASA-sponsored computer modeling information to improve the casting process of automobile and light-truck engine blocks.

  9. Research of 600C Grade Welding V-N Micro-Alloyed Steel Used on Truck Axle Housing After Thermal Forming

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quanli, Wang; Hui, Pan; Qingmei, Liu

    Automobile axle housing is the basic element to install the main reducing gear, differential mechanism, semi-axis, wheel hub and suspension. The main function of automobile axle housing is to support the automobile quality with driven axle, fix the driving wheel relative axial position and bear the driving wheel transmission force during the automobile running. Axle housing steel with the thickness of not less than 12mm is produced by the thermal forming method, which is to heat the plate to 830 degree and hold some time, then thermal forming, and cool to room temperature. The steel plate should maintain the original strength and good ductility and toughness requirements with thermal forming process.

  10. Recyclable automobiles. (Latest citations from Engineered Materials abstracts). Published Search

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and characteristics of non-metal, recyclable components used in automobiles. Existing polymer, plastic, and composite technology and materials are discussed. The citations also examine design and development of new recyclable materials that are durable. Design features and constraints are included. Some citations address future trends leading to the 100 percent recyclable automobile. (Contains a minimum of 77 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

  11. Recyclable automobiles. (Latest citations from Engineered Materials abstracts). Published Search

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and characteristics of non-metal, recyclable components used in automobiles. Existing polymer, plastic, and composite technology and materials are discussed. The citations also examine design and development of new recyclable materials that are durable. Design features and constraints are included. Some citations address future trends leading to the 100 percent recyclable automobile. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)

  12. New developments in aluminum for aircraft and automobiles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Petit, Jocelyn I.

    1994-01-01

    A common bond for the aircraft and automobile industry is the need for cost-efficient, lightweight structures such as provided by aluminum based materials. The topics are presented in viewgraph form and cover the following: new developments in aluminum for aircraft and automobiles; forces shaping future automotive materials needs; aluminum strength/weakness versus competitive materials; evolution of aluminum aerospace alloys; forces shaping future aircraft materials needs; fiber/metal structural laminates; and property requirements for jetliner and military transport applications.

  13. Recyclable automobiles. (Latest citations from Engineered Materials Abstracts). Published Search

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and characteristics of non-metal, recyclable components used in automobiles. Existing polymer, plastic, and composite technology and materials are discussed. The citations also examine design and development of new recyclable materials that are durable. Design features and constraints are included. Some citations address future trends leading to the 100 percent recyclable automobile. (Contains a minimum of 58 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

  14. Catalog of Navy Training Courses (CANTRAC). Volume 1. Introductory General Information and Quota Control Notes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    School c. Automobiles : Autos are permitted at all schools. d. Personal items: Personal items of great monetary value or large bulk should not be brought...vehicles is encouraged due to our remoteness. A valid driver’s license, proof of ownership, and current and sufficient automobile insurance to meet...attire. 8. MISCELLANEOUS: NSGA Skaggs Island is relatively isolated and having access to an automobile while here is highly desirable. Commercial

  15. Propulsion and Power Supplies for Unmanned Vehicles. Volume I. Engines for Small Propeller-Driven RPVS

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-11-01

    residual unbaiance. Mass production experience and availability of rotary piston engines -type WANKEL- refer basically to the automobile industry...production air cooled automobile engine in standard form can be ruled out on a specific weight basis. 4. In modified form, as used in many light aircr: Ct...the air cooled automobile engine appears to be a possibility. Availability, lcw initial cost; and good specific fuel consumption could make the unit

  16. A Contest without a Loser: the Development of the Navy’s Alcohol Rehabilitation Program.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-06-01

    entire HRM Program could have been cost supported on the success of the Alcohol Rehabilitation Program alone. More importantly, these figures were...later the startling results were that the use of alcohol led to 25,000 automobile related deaths and at least 800,000 automobile collisions in this...treatment of automobile accident cases, spouse or child abuse, chronic illness, etc. It was necessary to gain the support of the Medical Department to

  17. Timing and Spacing Crime in the Urban Environment: Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky - 1985.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-05-01

    and several tracts along the northeastern segment of New Circle Road where a number of automobile dealers and shopping centers are located. The...exact time when an automobile was stolen, it seems reasonable to assume that, in actuality, the curve is flatter and shifted to the right. Figure 3...depending upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories, shop- lifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property

  18. The Reliability and Factor Structure of the Job Activity Preference Questionnaire (JAPQ) and the Job Behavior Experience Questionnaire (JBEQ)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-01-01

    different bits of information to fly his plane, etc.) 35. Analyzing information (interpreting financial reports, determining why an automobile engine...involvin- hand and arm movements, as might be used in repairing automobiles , packaging products, etc.) I48. liand-arm steadiness (steady hand and arm...devices (pianos, typewriters, adding Rating Scale machines, etc.) 0 None 100. Highway or rail vehicles ( automobiles , trucks, 1 Very limited buses, trains

  19. Asbestos-related diseases in automobile mechanics.

    PubMed

    Ameille, Jacques; Rosenberg, Nicole; Matrat, Mireille; Descatha, Alexis; Mompoint, Dominique; Hamzi, Lounis; Atassi, Catherine; Vasile, Manuela; Garnier, Robert; Pairon, Jean-Claude

    2012-01-01

    Automobile mechanics have been exposed to asbestos in the past, mainly due to the presence of chrysotile asbestos in brakes and clutches. Despite the large number of automobile mechanics, little is known about the non-malignant respiratory diseases observed in this population. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to analyse the frequency of pleural and parenchymal abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in a population of automobile mechanics. The study population consisted of 103 automobile mechanics with no other source of occupational exposure to asbestos, referred to three occupational health departments in the Paris area for systematic screening of asbestos-related diseases. All subjects were examined by HRCT and all images were reviewed separately by two independent readers; who in the case of disagreement discussed until they reached agreement. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to investigate factors associated with pleural plaques. Pleural plaques were observed in five cases (4.9%) and interstitial abnormalities consistent with asbestosis were observed in one case. After adjustment for age, smoking status, and a history of non-asbestos-related respiratory diseases, multiple logistic regression models showed a significant association between the duration of exposure to asbestos and pleural plaques. The asbestos exposure experienced by automobile mechanics may lead to pleural plaques. The low prevalence of non-malignant asbestos-related diseases, using a very sensitive diagnostic tool, is in favor of a low cumulative exposure to asbestos in this population of workers.

  20. The effect of exhaust-to-coolant heat transfer on warm-up time and fuel consumption of two automobile engines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goettler, H.J.; Vidger, L.J.; Majkrzak

    A 1977 Buick V-6 engine and a 1981 Ford Granada automobile were equipped with heat exchangers to transfer energy from the exhaust gases to the cooling water after cold starts in order to shorten engine warm-up periods and improve fuel economy. A parallel concern was the time required to reach satisfactory heat delivery to the passenger compartment. The Buick engine was investigated in the laboratory. The Ford automobile was tested during driving over a 12.4 km length of freeway and over an 8.6 km test route including both in-town and highway segments. Prior to each test run the engines weremore » exposed to ambient air for at least 8 hours at temperatures ranging from -26/sup 0/C to +2/sup 0/C. The use of the heat exchangers resulted in average reductions of fuel consumption of 2.8% during a 7 minute warm-up period for the engine, and of 2.2% for the automobile when tested on the above test routes. The corresponding times for the coolant in the automobile compartment heater to reach maximum temperature were reduced by 16% and 7%. While fuel savings were achieved, their economic value is questionable, particularly in light of a possible retrofit of an existing automobile with an exhaust-to-coolant heat exchanger and the necessary control equipment.« less

  1. Asbestos-related diseases in automobile mechanics

    PubMed Central

    Ameille, Jacques; Rosenberg, Nicole; Matrat, Mireille; Descatha, Alexis; Mompoint, Dominique; Hamzi, Lounis; Atassi, Catherine; Vasile, Manuela; Garnier, Robert; Pairon, Jean-Claude

    2012-01-01

    Purpose Automobile mechanics have been exposed to asbestos in the past, mainly due to the presence of chrysotile asbestos in brakes and clutches. Despite the large number of automobile mechanics, little is known about the non-malignant respiratory diseases observed in this population. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to analyze the frequency of pleural and parenchymal abnormalities on HRCT in a population of automobile mechanics. Methods The study population consisted of 103 automobile mechanics with no other source of occupational exposure to asbestos, referred to three occupational health departments in the Paris area for systematic screening of asbestos–related diseases. All subjects were examined by HRCT and all images were reviewed separately by two independent readers, with further consensus in the case of disagreement. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to investigate factors associated with pleural plaques. Results Pleural plaques were observed in 5 cases (4.9%) and interstitial abnormalities consistent with asbestosis were observed in 1 case. After adjustment for age, smoking status, and a history of non-asbestos-related respiratory diseases, multiple logistic regression models showed a significant association between the duration of exposure to asbestos and pleural plaques. Conclusions The asbestos exposure experienced by automobile mechanics may lead to pleural plaques. The low prevalence of non-malignant asbestos-related diseases, using a very sensitive diagnostic tool, is in favor of a low cumulative exposure to asbestos in this population of workers. PMID:21965465

  2. 49 CFR 531.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.1 Scope. This part... Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended, for passenger automobiles. [43 FR 28204, June 29, 1978] ...

  3. 49 CFR 531.6 - Measurement and calculation procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY... all passenger automobiles that are manufactured by a manufacturer in a model year shall be determined...

  4. 49 CFR 531.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.1 Scope. This part... Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended, for passenger automobiles. [43 FR 28204, June 29, 1978] ...

  5. 49 CFR 531.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.1 Scope. This part... Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended, for passenger automobiles. [43 FR 28204, June 29, 1978] ...

  6. 49 CFR 531.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.1 Scope. This part... Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended, for passenger automobiles. [43 FR 28204, June 29, 1978] ...

  7. 49 CFR 531.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.1 Scope. This part... Information and Cost Savings Act, as amended, for passenger automobiles. [43 FR 28204, June 29, 1978] ...

  8. 49 CFR 531.6 - Measurement and calculation procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY... all passenger automobiles that are manufactured by a manufacturer in a model year shall be determined...

  9. Environmental implications of alternative-fueled automobiles: Air quality and greenhouse gas tradeoffs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MaClean, H.L.; Lave, L.B.

    The authors analyze alternative fuel-powerstrain options for internal combustion engine automobiles. Fuel/engine efficiency, energy use, pollutant discharges, and greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for spark and compression ignited, direct injected (DI), and indirect injected (II) engines fueled by conventional and reformulated gasoline, reformulated diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and alcohols. Since comparisons of fuels and technologies in dissimilar vehicles are misleading, the authors hold emissions level, range, vehicle size class, and style constant. At present, CNG vehicles have the best exhaust emissions performance while DI diesels have the worst. Compared to a conventional gasoline fueled II automobile, greenhouse gases couldmore » be reduced by 40% by a DI CNG automobile and by 25% by a DI diesel. Gasoline- and diesel-fueled automobiles are able to attain long ranges with little weight or fuel economy penalty. CNG vehicles have the highest penalty for increasing range, due to their heavy fuel storage systems, but are the most attractive for a 160-km range. DI engines, particularly diesels, may not be able to meet strict emissions standards, at least not without lowering efficiency.« less

  10. 49 CFR 583.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING § 583.4 Definitions. (a) Statutory... automobile are included with such vehicle whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or...

  11. 49 CFR 531.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of...

  12. 49 CFR 531.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of...

  13. 49 CFR 531.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of...

  14. 49 CFR 583.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING § 583.4 Definitions. (a) Statutory... automobile are included with such vehicle whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or...

  15. 49 CFR 583.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING § 583.4 Definitions. (a) Statutory... automobile are included with such vehicle whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or...

  16. 49 CFR 531.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of...

  17. 49 CFR 583.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING § 583.4 Definitions. (a) Statutory... automobile are included with such vehicle whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or...

  18. 49 CFR 583.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING § 583.4 Definitions. (a) Statutory... automobile are included with such vehicle whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or...

  19. 40 CFR 59.109 - Circumvention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.109 Circumvention. Each manufacturer and importer of any automobile refinish coating or component subject to the provisions of this subpart must not...

  20. 40 CFR 59.109 - Circumvention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.109 Circumvention. Each manufacturer and importer of any automobile refinish coating or component subject to the provisions of this subpart must not...

  1. 49 CFR 531.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS § 531.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to increase the fuel economy of passenger automobiles by establishing minimum levels of...

  2. Analysis of CO2, CO and HC emission reduction in automobiles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Balan, K. N.; Valarmathi, T. N.; Reddy, Mannem Soma Harish; Aravinda Reddy, Gireddy; Sai Srinivas, Jammalamadaka K. M. K.; Vasan

    2017-05-01

    In the present scenario, the emission from automobiles is becoming a serious problem to the environment. Automobiles, thermal power stations and Industries majorly constitute to the emission of CO2, CO and HC. Though the CO2 available in the atmosphere will be captured by oceans, grasslands; they are not enough to control CO2 present in the atmosphere completely. Also advances in engine and vehicle technology continuously to reduce the emission from engine exhaust are not sufficient to reduce the HC and CO emission. This work concentrates on design, fabrication and analysis to reduce CO2, CO and HC emission from exhaust of automobiles by using molecular sieve 5A of 1.5mm. In this paper, the details of the fabrication, results and discussion about the process are discussed.

  3. The Automobile: A Designer's Dream. Resources in Technology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bryson, George Y.; Deal, Walter F., III

    1996-01-01

    Sketches the history of automobile design, current design considerations, and social/cultural aspects of car design. Provides a design brief that challenges students to develop an electric vehicle. (SK)

  4. Structural design and crashworthiness of automobiles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Murthy, T.K.S.; Brebbia, C.A.

    1987-01-01

    This book contains contributions on the design of automobile structure, particularly from the viewpoint of its crashworthiness, which is an essential feature for the safety of passengers and other road users. The book provides a work of reference on the design of automobile structures and the papers included are the edited versions of some of the papers presented at the 1st International Conference on Computer Aided Design, Manufacture and Operation in the Automotive Industries (COMPAUTO 87) organized by the Computational Mechanics Institute of Southampton, England.

  5. An Alternative Approach to ``Measuring Horsepower and Torque Curves of a Car''

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Graney, Chris M.

    2005-09-01

    The article in the September 2003 issue of TPT by John Ross Buschert of Goshen College entitled "Measuring Horsepower and Torque Curves of a Car" was excellent. I attained similar results using existing automobile test data. Automobile performance tests done by magazines such as Road & Track are a treasure trove of good-quality physics data. Performance tests often contain all the data needed to replicate Professor Buschert's analysis of the power and torque output of automobile engines.

  6. Emissions and prevention/control techniques for automobile body shops in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jeffery, J.D.; Sager, M.

    1999-08-01

    Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from automobile body repair shops are believed to be significant and to contribute to ozone nonattainment in El Paso, Texas and to violations of ozone air quality standards in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The Direccion de Desarrollo Urbano Y Ecologia (DDUE), (the local agency in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico) requested CICA's assistance in determining emissions from and identifying appropriate pollution prevention and control techniques for automobile body repair shops in Ciudad Juarez.

  7. Improved fault tolerance for air bag release in automobiles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yeshwanth Kumar, C. H.; Prudhvi Prasad, P.; Uday Shankar, M.; Shanmugasundaram, M.

    2017-11-01

    In order to increase the reliability of the airbag system in automobiles which in turn increase the safety of the automobile we require improved airbag release system, our project deals with Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) Technique where we use either three Sensors interfaced with three Microcontrollers which given as input to the software voter which produces majority output which is feed to the air compressor for releasing airbag. This concept was being used, in this project we are increasing reliability and safety of the entire system.

  8. 49 CFR 529.1 - Scope and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.1 Scope and purpose. This part determines, in cases where more than one person is the manufacturer of an automobile, which...

  9. 40 CFR 59.103 - Container labeling requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.103 Container... automobile refinish coating or coating component container or package, the day, month, and year on which the...

  10. 49 CFR 529.1 - Scope and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.1 Scope and purpose. This part determines, in cases where more than one person is the manufacturer of an automobile, which...

  11. 40 CFR 59.103 - Container labeling requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.103 Container... automobile refinish coating or coating component container or package, the day, month, and year on which the...

  12. 49 CFR 529.1 - Scope and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.1 Scope and purpose. This part determines, in cases where more than one person is the manufacturer of an automobile, which...

  13. 49 CFR 529.1 - Scope and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.1 Scope and purpose. This part determines, in cases where more than one person is the manufacturer of an automobile, which...

  14. 77 FR 22786 - Privately Owned Vehicle Mileage Reimbursement Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-17

    ... CY 2012 rates for the use of privately owned automobiles (POA), POAs when Government owned automobiles (GOA) are authorized, privately owned motorcycles, and privately owned airplanes. FTR Bulletin 12...

  15. 40 CFR 59.103 - Container labeling requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.103 Container... automobile refinish coating or coating component container or package, the day, month, and year on which the...

  16. 49 CFR 529.1 - Scope and purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURERS OF MULTISTAGE AUTOMOBILES § 529.1 Scope and purpose. This part determines, in cases where more than one person is the manufacturer of an automobile, which...

  17. [Current problems of ophthalmologic examination in automobile drivers].

    PubMed

    Chernyshova, S G

    2002-01-01

    The article deals with major aspects of eye examination in automobile drivers, with main drawbacks of occupational selection, absence of efficient diagnostic devices, with various approaches to inspection of color perception.

  18. 49 CFR 526.1 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PETITIONS AND PLANS FOR RELIEF UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY... plans submitted under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-425, as codified in Title V...

  19. 49 CFR 526.1 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PETITIONS AND PLANS FOR RELIEF UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY... plans submitted under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-425, as codified in Title V...

  20. 49 CFR 526.1 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PETITIONS AND PLANS FOR RELIEF UNDER THE AUTOMOBILE FUEL EFFICIENCY... plans submitted under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-425, as codified in Title V...

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top