Secondary Analysis of the "Love Me...Never Shake Me" SBS Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deyo, Grace; Skybo, Theresa; Carroll, Alisa

2008-01-01

Objective: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is preventable; however, an estimated 21-74 per 100,000 children worldwide are victims annually. This study examined the effectiveness of an SBS prevention program in the US. Methods: A descriptive, secondary analysis of the Prevent Child Abuse Ohio (PCAO) "Love Me...Never Shake Me" SBS education program…

Folk Remedies and Child Abuse: A Review with Emphasis on Caida de Mollera and Its Relationship to Shaken Baby Syndrome.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Karen Kirhofer

1998-01-01

Reviews a variety of folk remedies such as coining (Southeast Asia), cupping (primarily Russia), and moxibustion (Asia), which may be confused with child abuse. It especially considers the Hispanic folk illness "caida de mollera" (fallen fontanelle) but rejects the idea in the literature that folk treatment can cause the injuries seen in…

Assessment of parental awareness of the shaken baby syndrome in Ireland.

PubMed

Mann, Amandeep K; Rai, Birendra; Sharif, Farhana; Vavasseur, Claudine

2015-10-01

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) results in cerebral trauma. Creating awareness through education may improve parental response to a distressed infant. We aim to assess current parental understanding of SBS and identify knowledge gaps. A prospective assessment was carried out in two independent maternity hospitals (National Maternity Hospital (NMH) and Midland Regional Hospital (MRH)) over a 4-month period. Multi-dimensional questionnaires were distributed to parents (n = 233) and results were assessed anonymously. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS21 software. Two hundred thirty-three participants were included: n = 114 (NMH), n = 119 (MRH). Fifty-four percent (n = 62, NMH) and 50 % (n = 60, MRH) had never heard of SBS. Of those who had, media was the commonest source: 94 % (47/50) NMH; 86 % (47/59) MRH. Less than 1 % of participants obtained information through a health care provider. Nearly all respondents wanted further information, regardless of whether they had prior knowledge (100 % (NMH); 99.2 % (MRH)). Participants wanted information delivered via a midwife (51 % (58/114) NMH; 45 % (54/119) MRH), with reading material (61 % (69/114) NMH; 59 % (70/119) MRH), during pre-natal period (50 % (57/114) NMH; 65 % (77/119) MRH). Importantly, parents of Irish origin were more likely to have heard of SBS compared to those of non-Irish origin (p = 0.026 (NMH), p = 0.020 (MRH)). Half of all participants had no prior knowledge of SBS, with majority expressing interest in learning more. Therefore, a national "Don't Shake" campaign is evolving. • Studies have shown that educating parents regarding shaken baby syndrome (SBS) may result in a more safe and appropriate response to infant crying [ 3 ]. • In Ireland, there is no such education provided to parents in maternity hospitals. What is New: • Just over half of our participants had not heard of SBS, and we have identified parental perceptions of SBS, and parents preferred method of anti-SBS education delivery. • This research will act as a launching platform for an anti-SBS campaign in Ireland.

Effectiveness of Educational Materials Designed to Change Knowledge and Behavior about Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Replication of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fujiwara, Takeo; Yamada, Fujiko; Okuyama, Makiko; Kamimaki, Isamu; Shikoro, Nobuaki; Barr, Ronald G.

2012-01-01

Objectives: Infant crying is particularly frustrating to caregivers in the first few months of life and the most common trigger for shaking and abuse. The effectiveness of the "Period of PURPLE Crying" prevention materials (DVD and booklet) designed to increase knowledge and change behaviors related to crying and the dangers of shaking…

Shaken baby symptoms (image)

MedlinePlus

... is a severe form of head injury caused by the baby's brain rebounding inside of the baby's skull when shaken. In this injury there is bruising of the brain, swelling, pressure, and bleeding (intracerebral hemorrhage). This can easily lead ...

Association between Michelin tire baby syndrome and congenital panhyopituitarism in an Iranian girl.

PubMed

Haghshenas, Zahra; Tajziehchi, Leila; Ghavami, Fakhredin

2014-08-01

Michelin tire baby syndrome is a rare syndrome, diagnosed clinically by multiple circumferential skin folds. Multiple noncutaneous anomalies have been described with this syndrome. We report a case of Michelin tire baby syndrome with congenital panhypopituitarism. To date, there is no report of association between these two disorders.

Down syndrome birth weight in England and Wales: Implications for clinical practice.

PubMed

Morris, Joan K; Cole, Tim J; Springett, Anna L; Dennis, Jennifer

2015-12-01

The aim of this study was to determine if syndrome-specific birth weight charts were beneficial for babies with Down syndrome in England and Wales. Birth weights of 8,825 babies with Down syndrome born in England and Wales in 1989-2010 were obtained from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register. Birth weight centiles for 30-42 weeks gestation by sex were fitted using the LMS method and were compared to those for unaffected babies from the UK-WHO growth charts. For babies born with Down syndrome the median birth weight from 37 to 42 weeks was 2,970 g (10th-90th centile: 2,115-3,680) for boys and 2930 g (2,100-3,629) for girls, and the modal age of gestation was 38 weeks, 2 weeks earlier than for unaffected babies. At 38 weeks gestation they were only slightly lighter than unaffected babies (159 g for boys and 86 g for girls). However at 40 weeks gestation the shortfall was much greater (304 g and 239 g, respectively). In neonates with Down syndrome there is little evidence of growth restriction before 38 weeks gestation, so up to this age it is appropriate to use the UK-WHO birth weight charts. Thereafter birth weight is below that of unaffected babies and it should be plotted on the UK Down syndrome growth charts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Long-term outcome of the shaken baby syndrome and medicolegal consequences: a case report.

PubMed

Laurent-Vannier, A; Toure, H; Vieux, E; Brugel, D G; Chevignard, M

2009-06-01

Studies of long-term outcome of the shaken baby syndrome (SBS) are scarce, but they usually indicate poor outcome. To describe long-term outcome of a child having sustained a SBS, to ascertain possible delayed sequelae and to discuss medicolegal issues. We report a single case study of a child having sustained a SBS, illustrating the initial clinical features, the neurological, cognitive and behavioural outcomes as well as her social integration. The child sustained diffuse brain injuries, responsible for spastic right hemiplegia leading to secondary orthopaedic consequences, as well as severe cognitive impairment, worsening over time: the developmental quotient measured at 15 months of age was 55 and worsened as age increased. At 6 years and 8 months, the child's IQ had fallen to 40. Behavioural disorders became apparent only after several months and precluded any social integration. The child eventually had to be placed in a specialised education centre at age 5. The SBS has a very poor outcome and major long-standing sequelae are frequent. Cognitive or behavioural sequelae can become apparent only after a long sign-free interval, due to increasing demands placed on the child during development. This case report confirms severity of early brain lesions and necessity for an extended follow-up by a multi-disciplinary team. From a medicolegal point of view, signaling the child to legal authorities allows protection of the child, but also conditions later compensation if sequelae compromise autonomy.

Down syndrome birth weight in England and Wales: Implications for clinical practice

PubMed Central

Cole, Tim J.; Springett, Anna L.; Dennis, Jennifer

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine if syndrome‐specific birth weight charts were beneficial for babies with Down syndrome in England and Wales. Birth weights of 8,825 babies with Down syndrome born in England and Wales in 1989–2010 were obtained from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register. Birth weight centiles for 30–42 weeks gestation by sex were fitted using the LMS method and were compared to those for unaffected babies from the UK‐WHO growth charts. For babies born with Down syndrome the median birth weight from 37 to 42 weeks was 2,970 g (10th–90th centile: 2,115–3,680) for boys and 2930 g (2,100–3,629) for girls, and the modal age of gestation was 38 weeks, 2 weeks earlier than for unaffected babies. At 38 weeks gestation they were only slightly lighter than unaffected babies (159 g for boys and 86 g for girls). However at 40 weeks gestation the shortfall was much greater (304 g and 239 g, respectively). In neonates with Down syndrome there is little evidence of growth restriction before 38 weeks gestation, so up to this age it is appropriate to use the UK‐WHO birth weight charts. Thereafter birth weight is below that of unaffected babies and it should be plotted on the UK Down syndrome growth charts. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:26407756

Impact of an educational intervention on caregivers' beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of shaken baby syndrome.

PubMed

Bechtel, Kirsten; Le, Kim; Martin, Kimberly D; Shah, Niyati; Leventhal, John M; Colson, Eve

2011-01-01

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of traumatic infant death. We examined whether the message about not shaking an infant should be included in the newborn anticipatory guidance provided by pediatric residents. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention (Take 5 Safety Plan for Crying) delivered by pediatric residents at newborn hospital discharge on beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS among caregivers of young infants being treated in an urban primary care center. Structured interviews were done in one convenience sample of caregivers before (historical control group) and in a second set of different caregivers after (intervention group) an educational intervention was implemented at hospital discharge. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted associations between the intervention and caregivers' beliefs/knowledge. One hundred ten caregivers were in the historical control group and 112 in the intervention group. The intervention group had more mothers and the infants were younger. Controlling for these differences, intervention group caregivers were more likely to state they would take a break if frustrated with infant crying (OR 3.10, 95% CI, 1.62-5.93), were more likely to state frustration caused infant shaking (OR 2.21, 95% CI, 1.20-4.20), and to state their knowledge of SBS was from hospital staff (OR 3.39, 95% CI, 1.61-4.20). This targeted postpartum intervention incorporated into newborn anticipatory guidance can influence caregivers' beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS. Copyright © 2011 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nurses' Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the Shaken Baby Syndrome Education Initiative: An Exploratory Study of a Massachusetts Public Policy.

PubMed

Rideout, Leslie

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess nurses' perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of implementation of the shaken baby syndrome (SBS)/abusive head trauma (AHT) public policy. A legislative Act providing for the prevention of SBS/AHT was passed in Massachusetts in November 2006. A stipulation of this Act was the provision of a program to educate parents/guardians of newborns about SBS/AHT prevention. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design with a qualitative component was used for this study. Nurses in 13 Massachusetts birthing hospitals were surveyed using a Web-based questionnaire (hosted by Qualtrics, Provo, Utah). Hospital nurses' responses (N = ∼ 922; 155 responded) revealed barriers to and facilitators of SBS/AHT guideline implementation. The disadvantage of Web-based surveys as they relate to the challenges of enlisting cooperation and a lack of direct access to the nurses may have attributed to the low response rate (17%) for this study. The outcomes of logistic regression analyses and themes from the qualitative analysis revealed a lack of SBS/AHT brochures and an inability to provide SBS/AHT education for non-English-speaking parents/guardians as barriers to SBS/AHT education. An atmosphere of supportive leadership facilitated implementation of the SBS/AHT education guidelines by nurses. It is imperative that nurse leadership support be sustained so that nurses have SBS/AHT education resources, an understanding of the SBS/AHT education guidelines, and feedback about the impact of their SBS/AHT education interventions.

Motor Development Programming in Trisomic-21 Babies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanz, Teresa; Menendez, Javier; Rosique, Teresa

2011-01-01

The present study contributes to the understanding of gross motor development in babies with Down's syndrome. Also, it facilitates the comprehension of the efficiency of the early motor stimulation as well as of beginning it as early as possible. We worked with two groups of babies with Down's syndrome, beginning the early motor training in each…

We'll Paint the Octopus Red.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stuve-Bodeen, Stephanie

This children's book tells the story of a little girl who has a new baby brother with Down syndrome. Her contemplation of the advantages and disadvantages of having a sibling is highlighted. When she finds out the baby has Down syndrome, her initial reaction is that the baby won't be able to do all the wonderful things she has thought they would…

Michelin tire baby syndrome: a review of the literature and a proposal for diagnostic criteria with adoption of the name circumferential skin folds syndrome.

PubMed

Rothman, Ilene L

2014-01-01

The term Michelin tire baby (MTB), named for the cartoon mascot of the Michelin Tire Company, has been used to describe babies with multiple symmetric circumferential rings of folded skin. In those reported with this phenotype who had skin biopsies, pathology has shown nevus lipomatosis, smooth muscle hamartoma, degenerative collagen, and scarring. Others did not undergo biopsy or had normal skin. Many individuals with the MTB phenotype have had a variety of other congenital anomalies. I review the literature on MTB and the history of the designation Michelin tire baby Syndrome (MTBS). Because the term MTBS has been poorly defined or not defined at all, I propose strict criteria for diagnosis. In doing so, it is recommended that the syndrome be renamed to avoid further confusion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to whiplash injury in childhood: a case report.

PubMed

Nurata, Hakan; Yilmaz, Muhammet Bahadır; Borcek, Alp Ozgun; Oner, Ali Yusuf; Baykaner, M Kemali

2012-01-01

Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) has been reported as an adult phenomenon. Whiplash injury has classically been described as a cervical soft tissue hyperextension- flexion injury after a trauma such as a rear end impact car crash, contact sport injuries, blows to the head from a falling object or a punch and shaken baby syndrome and is mostly seen in adults . It is important as it may cause severe disability due to spinal cord injury, decrease work productivity and even retropharyngeal hematoma resulting airway obstruction and mortality due to bleeding amongst deep cervical fascias. We describe a case of retropharyngeal hematoma after whiplash injury in a childhood.

A case of Michelin tire baby syndrome with a thickened epiglottis.

PubMed

Samarin, Frank M; Baum, Eric D; Antaya, Richard J

2010-01-01

Multiple circumferential skin folds have been reported as part of the Michelin tire baby syndrome (MTBS). There has been a wide spectrum of associated clinical findings reported in children with MTBS. We report a case of MTBS associated with a thickened epiglottis.

Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

MedlinePlus

... baby. If you smoke, use alcohol or take illegal drugs, so does your unborn baby. First, don't ... children, including fetal alcohol syndrome. Don't use illegal drugs. Using illegal drugs may cause underweight babies, birth ...

A Study of the Effect of Age of Onset of Treatment on the Observed Development of Down's Syndrome Babies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanz, M. T.; Menendez, J.

1996-01-01

Studied how early treatment affected the development of a sample of 30 Down syndrome babies incorporated into the study at different ages. Found that development quotients descended significantly at 18 months of age as the period in treatment shortened. (AJH)

The concept of "baby lung".

PubMed

Gattinoni, Luciano; Pesenti, Antonio

2005-06-01

The "baby lung" concept originated as an offspring of computed tomography examinations which showed in most patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome that the normally aerated tissue has the dimensions of the lung of a 5- to 6-year-old child (300-500 g aerated tissue). The respiratory system compliance is linearly related to the "baby lung" dimensions, suggesting that the acute respiratory distress syndrome lung is not "stiff" but instead small, with nearly normal intrinsic elasticity. Initially we taught that the "baby lung" is a distinct anatomical structure, in the nondependent lung regions. However, the density redistribution in prone position shows that the "baby lung" is a functional and not an anatomical concept. This provides a rational for "gentle lung treatment" and a background to explain concepts such as baro- and volutrauma. From a physiological perspective the "baby lung" helps to understand ventilator-induced lung injury. In this context, what appears dangerous is not the V(T)/kg ratio but instead the V(T)/"baby lung" ratio. The practical message is straightforward: the smaller the "baby lung," the greater is the potential for unsafe mechanical ventilation.

A Rare Case of Michelin Tire Baby Syndrome in a Newborn.

PubMed

Ramphul, Kamleshun; Mejias, Stephanie G; Ramphul-Sicharam, Yogeshwaree

2018-02-24

Kunze-Riehm syndrome also known as Michelin tire baby syndrome (MTBS) is a rare genetic condition with a characteristic generalized folding of excess skin. The diagnosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms. There are approximately only 30 cases reported in the literature and some cases were associated with non-cutaneous anomalies as well. Herein, we report a case of MTBS in a five-day-old male of Iraqi origin.

The eXtroardinarY Babies Study: Natural History of Health and Neurodevelopment in Infants and Young Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-10

Klinefelter Syndrome; Trisomy X; XYY Syndrome; XXXY and XXXXY Syndrome; Xxyy Syndrome; Xyyy Syndrome; Xxxx Syndrome; Xxxxx Syndrome; Xxxyy Syndrome; Xxyyy Syndrome; Xyyyy Syndrome; Male With Sex Chromosome Mosaicism

Early Language Stimulation of Down's Syndrome Babies: A Study on the Optimum Age To Begin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aparicio, Maria Teresa Sanz; Balana, Javier Menendez

2002-01-01

Examined the marked delay in language acquisition suffered by babies with Down Syndrome and how early treatment affects the subsequent observed development among 36 subjects in Spain. Found statistically significant differences in language acquisitions in favor of newborns, compared with 90-day-old through 18-month-old infants who experienced…

Parents' Training: Effects of the Self-Help Skills Programme with Down's Syndrome Babies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanz, Maria Teresa; Menendez, Javier

2010-01-01

This article reviews studies evaluating the effectiveness of two types of early intervention programmes for babies with Down's syndrome (DS). Evaluation of self-help early intervention programmes was done with two types of training with the parents: in the first the parents learned the training programme from observing the clinician, and in the…

Telomere length analysis in Down syndrome birth.

PubMed

Bhaumik, Pranami; Bhattacharya, Mandar; Ghosh, Priyanka; Ghosh, Sujay; Kumar Dey, Subrata

2017-06-01

Human reproductive fitness depends upon telomere chemistry. Maternal age, meiotic nondisjunction error and telomere length of mother of trisomic child are someway associated. Reports exhibiting maternal inheritance of telomere length in Down syndrome child are very scanty. To investigate this, we collected peripheral blood from 170 mothers of Down syndrome child and 186 age matched mothers of euploid child with their newly born babies. Telomere length was measured by restriction digestion - southern blotting technique. Meiotic nondisjunction error was detected by STR genotyping. Subjects are classified by age (old >35 years and young ˂35 years) and by meiotic error (MI and MII). Linear regression was run to explore the age - telomere length relationship in each maternal groups. The study reveals that with age, telomere erodes in length. Old MII mothers carry the shortest (p˂0.001), control mothers have the longest telomere and MI lies in between. Babies from older mother have longer telomere (p˂0.001) moreover; telomeres are longer in Down syndrome babies than control babies (p˂0.001). To conclude, this study represents not only the relation between maternal aging and telomere length but also explore the maternal heritability of telomere length in families with Down syndrome child. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Case control study of thermal environment preceding haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome

PubMed Central

Bacon, C; Bell, S; Gaventa, J; Greenwood, D

1999-01-01

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the thermal environment in which babies slept before developing haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) differed from that of other babies. Data were collected by standardised interview from parents of 31 babies who had had HSES before the age of 7 months and compared with equivalent data for 124 control babies, with matching for outside temperature on the relevant night and for age. Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between HSES and covering of the baby's head by bedding, the odds ratio being 30.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 384). There were weaker associations with other aspects of the thermal environment. This suggests a link between HSES and some cases of cot death, supports the suggestion that HSES may be caused by overheating, and reinforces advice that babies should be placed to sleep in such a way that they are less likely to become totally covered.

 PMID:10490526

Sizeable acquired subglottic cyst in a baby with Williams-Beuren syndrome: association or coincidence?

PubMed

Christoforidis, Athanasios; Tsakalides, Christos; Chatziavramidis, Angelos; Karagianni, Paraskevi; Dimitriadou, Meropi; Konstantinidis, Iordanis

2013-10-15

We describe a case of an acquired subglottic cyst presented with persistent stridor and voice hoarsening in a baby diagnosed with Williams-Beuren syndrome that was born premature and required intubation during neonatal period. We also comment on whether this is a coincidence or there can be an association between impaired elastogenesis, a feature of patients with the syndrome and the formation of a subglottic cyst. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Safe sleep practices and sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction: NICU and well-baby nursery graduates.

PubMed

Fowler, Aja J; Evans, Patricia W; Etchegaray, Jason M; Ottenbacher, Allison; Arnold, Cody

2013-11-01

Our primary objective was to compare parents of infants cared for in newborn intensive care units (NICUs) and infants cared for in well-baby ("general") nurseries with regard to knowledge and practice of safe sleep practices/sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction measures and guidelines. Our secondary objective was to obtain qualitative data regarding reasons for noncompliance in both populations. Sixty participants (30 from each population) completed our survey measuring safe sleep knowledge and practice. Parents of NICU infants reported using 2 safe sleep practices-(a) always placing baby in crib to sleep and (b) always placing baby on back to sleep-significantly more frequently than parents of well infants. Additional findings and implications for future studies are discussed.

Secondary analysis of the "Love Me...Never Shake Me" SBS education program.

PubMed

Deyo, Grace; Skybo, Theresa; Carroll, Alisa

2008-11-01

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is preventable; however, an estimated 21-74 per 100,000 children worldwide are victims annually. This study examined the effectiveness of an SBS prevention program in the US. A descriptive, secondary analysis of the Prevent Child Abuse Ohio (PCAO) "Love Me...Never Shake Me" SBS education program database included 7,051 women who completed a commitment statement, pre and post-test, and follow-up survey. Participants were mostly White (76%), had at least some college education (62%), were privately insured (62%), and lived with the father and infant (63%). Mothers knew of the dangers of shaking (96%) and recommended SBS education for all parents (98%) because they found it helpful (97%). Scores on the pre and post-tests were significantly different, but there was no difference based on education site or demographics. There was a significant increase in a pre/post-test item pertaining to infant crying. At follow-up, participants remembered postpartum SBS education (98%), but post-discharge did not receive SBS education from their primary care provider (62%). Most mothers practiced infant soothing techniques (79%) provided in the education; however, few women practiced self-coping techniques (36%) and accessed community support services (9%). Postpartum SBS prevention education should continue. Development of SBS programs should result from these study findings focusing on education content and program evaluation. Mothers report that shaken baby syndrome education is important for all parents and memorable at follow-up. Postpartum SBS education should continue because the hospital is the primary place they receive education. Mothers' report they less frequently receive education from healthcare sources post-discharge. Diligence of primary care providers to incorporate SBS prevention education in well child visits will increase parental exposure to this information. Education may need to place greater emphasis on infant crying and soothing, as well as parent support and self-coping techniques versus the dangers of shaking.

Learning about Down Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... for the mothers of infants with Down syndrome. Intelligence in individuals with Down syndrome ranges from low ... is not possible to tell the level of intelligence a baby with Down syndrome will have. All ...

Analysis of Mother-Infant Interaction in Infants with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Infants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slonims, Vicky; McConachie, Helen

2006-01-01

Delays in development of early social behaviors in babies with Down syndrome are likely to affect patterns of interaction with their caregivers. We videotaped 23 babies in face-to-face interaction with their mothers at 8 and 20 weeks of age and compared them to 23 typically developing infants and their mothers. Social behaviors, mothers'…

Preschool Teacher Attitude and Knowledge Regarding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mack, Faite R-P.

The Centers for Disease Control estimate that each year more than 8,000 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) babies are born, and that many more babies go undiagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE), a less severe condition. FAS and FAE have been identified as major contributors to poor memory, shorter attention spans, lower IQs, diminished achievement…

Prune Belly syndrome: A rare case report

PubMed Central

Samal, Sunil Kumar; Rathod, Setu

2015-01-01

Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital anomaly of uncertain etiology almost exclusive to males. We report a case of term male baby born to a 39-year-old grand multipara with previous four normal vaginal births. There was no history of genetic or congenital anomaly in her family. Examination of the baby revealed hypotonia, deficient abdominal muscle, cryptorchidism, palpable kidney, and bladder. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen revealed bilateral gross hydronephrosis and megaureter. Provisional diagnosis of PBS was made and the baby was admitted in neonatal intensive care units for further management. Routine antenatal care with ultrasonography will help in detecting renal anomalies, which can be followed postnatally. Early diagnosis of this syndrome and determining its optimal treatment are very important in helping to avoid its fatal course. PMID:25810678

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

MedlinePlus

... takes drugs such as heroin, codeine, oxycodone (Oxycontin), methadone or buprenorphine. These and other substances pass through ... babies with severe symptoms need medicines such as methadone and morphine to treat withdrawal symptoms. These babies ...

Rett Syndrome

MedlinePlus

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disease that causes developmental and nervous system problems, mostly in girls. It's related to autism spectrum disorder. Babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first. ...

[Postpartum risk factors in the development of children born to opiate-addicted mothers; comparison between mothers with and without methadone substitution].

PubMed

Ziegler, M; Poustka, F; von Loewenich, V; Englert, E

2000-09-01

In a retrospective case control study at the University of Frankfurt, Germany, 101 babies born to opiate-addicted mothers were identified from birth charts from 1988 to 1995. After birth, they developed a withdrawal syndrome (neonatal abstinence syndrome). Fifty control infants and their mothers were selected from neonatal wards. The group of opiate-exposed babies was subdivided into a group born to mothers without methadone treatment (n = 48) and a group born to mothers who were enrolled in a methadone program (n = 51). The methadone infants had a significantly higher mean birth weight (2822 g) than children in the group without methadone (2471 g). The abstinence syndrome was much more intense in the methadone group (convulsions 47.1%) than in heroin-exposed babies without methadone treatment (convulsions 27.1%). Women in methadone maintenance programs lived in more stable socioeconomic conditions than opiate-addicted women without methadone substitution. Moreover, they cared significantly better for their babies: 81.3% of the methadone mothers visited their children on a regular basis and 90.9% cared adequately. The data emphasize the need in future research to look more closely at the role of methadone treatment programs in the development of opiate-exposed babies.

Fussy Babies, Worried Families, and a New Service Network

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilkerson, Linda; Gray, Larry; Mork, Nancy

2005-01-01

The authors document the conceptualization, over time, of "fussy baby syndrome" and the establishment of a Fussy Baby Clinic. Excessive infant crying (commonly called colic) typically subsides in the first 3 months but may set up a cycle of parent-infant distress. Families studied felt a high degree of emotional stress and physical exhaustion;…

Is the metabolic syndrome a "small baby" syndrome?: the bogalusa heart study.

PubMed

Harville, Emily W; Srinivasan, Sathanur; Chen, Wei; Berenson, Gerald S

2012-12-01

Metabolic syndrome has been called a "small baby syndrome," but other analyses suggest that postnatal growth is more important than birthweight, or that large babies are also at risk. The aim of this analysis was to examine whether there was a relationship between both low and high birthweight and metabolic syndrome, using multiple definitions of metabolic syndrome, and to determine whether this relationship varied by body size across the life course. Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease in children and young adults, were linked to birth certificate data. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, the International Diabetes Foundation, and the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) was defined as birthweight <10(th) percentile by sex for gestational age and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as birthweight >90(th) percentile. Birthweight-for-gestational-age was also examined as a continuous predictor. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between birth size and metabolic syndrome. Higher birthweight-for-gestational-age was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome, especially by the WHO definition. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), categorized birthweight was associated with metabolic syndrome, with the protective associations with LGA being stronger than the positive associations with SGA. Among the individual components of metabolic syndrome, higher waist circumference was associated with both SGA and LGA after BMI was controlled for. Effects of SGA and BMI at any age were largely independent rather than interactive. SGA is associated with some, but not all, components of metabolic syndrome. The relationship between SGA and metabolic syndrome is partially confounded by later BMI.

Shaken baby syndrome and a triple-dose strategy for its prevention.

PubMed

Stewart, Tanya Charyk; Polgar, Denise; Gilliland, Jason; Tanner, David A; Girotti, Murray J; Parry, Neil; Fraser, Douglas D

2011-12-01

Inflicted traumatic brain injury associated with Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a leading cause of injury mortality and morbidity in infants. A triple-dose SBS prevention program was implemented with the aim to reduce the incidence of SBS. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of SBS, the triple-dose prevention program, and its evaluation. Descriptive and spatial epidemiologic profiles of SBS cases treated at Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, from 1991 to 2010 were created. Dose 1 (in-hospital education): pre-post impact evaluation of registered nurse training, with a questionnaire developed to assess parents' satisfaction with the program. Dose 2 (public health home visits): process evaluation of additional education given to new parents. Dose 3 (media campaign): a questionnaire developed to rate the importance of factors on a 7-point Likert scale. These factors were used to create weights for statistical modeling and mapping within a geographic information system to target prevention ads. Forty-three percent of severe infant injuries were intentional. A total of 54 SBS cases were identified. The mean age was 6.7 months (standard deviation, 10.9 months), with 61% of infant males. The mean Injury Severity Score was 26.3 (standard deviation, 5.5) with a 19% mortality rate. Registered nurses learned new information on crying patterns and SBS, with a 47% increase in knowledge posttraining (p < 0.001). Over 10,000 parents were educated in-hospital, a 93% education compliance rate. Nearly all parents (93%) rated the program as useful, citing "what to do when the crying becomes frustrating" as the most important message. Only 6% of families needed to be educated during home visits. Locations of families with a new baby, high population density, and percentage of lone parents were found to be the most important factors for selecting media sites. The spatial analysis revealed six areas needed to be targeted for ad locations. SBS is a devastating intentional injury that often results in poor outcomes for the child. Implementing a triple-dose prevention program that provides education on crying patterns, coping strategies, and the dangers of shaking is key to SBS prevention. The program increased knowledge. Parents rated the program as useful. The media campaign allowed us to extend the primary prevention beyond new parents to help create a cultural change in the way crying, the primary trigger for SBS, is viewed. Targeting our intervention increased the likelihood that our message was reaching the population in greatest need.

Association of Shah-Waardenburgh syndrome: a review of 6 cases.

PubMed

Jan, Iftikhar A; Stroedter, Lutz; Haq, Anwaar-ul; Din, Zaheer-ud

2008-04-01

Shah-Waardenburg syndrome (SWS) is a neurocristopathy and is characterized by Hirschsprung's disease (HD), deafness, and depigmentation of hairs, skin, and iris. The aim of the article is to study the relative frequency of associations in 6 consecutive cases of SWS. A review of 6 consecutive patients with SWS was performed to study the frequency of various components of the syndrome. Six patients had features of SWS. All patients had HD; of these, 3 had rectosigmoid HD, whereas 3 had extended HD. All patients had white forelock of hairs with skin depigmentation. One patient had sensorineural deafness, whereas other babies were less than 1 year, and thus, full evaluation of hearing deficiency was not assessed. Three patients had blue eyes, whereas other babies had normal iris pigmentation. Skin depigmentation was noted in 5 of the 6 patients. Three babies were seriously malnourished and showed higher association of enterocolitis. Shah-Waardenburg syndrome is an uncommon association of HD. Depigmentation with a white forelock and skin manifestations are common, whereas blue iris, long segment disease, and enterocolitis are present in nearly half of the patients.

Effectiveness of public health practices against shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma in Japan.

PubMed

Fujiwara, T

2015-05-01

Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of educational materials on infant crying to change caregivers' knowledge and behaviours related to shaken baby syndrome or abusive head trauma (SBS/AHT) using selected samples in randomized controlled trials. This study investigated the impact of public health practices to prevent SBS/AHT in Japan through the use of educational materials. Cross-sectional study. The intervention was comprised of two parts: (1) the screening of an educational DVD at a prenatal class; and (2) the distribution of a public health pamphlet at a postnatal home visit. Expectant parents watched a DVD (The Period of PURPLE Crying) about the features of infant crying and recommended behaviours (walking away if frustrated in the event of unsoothable crying, sharing information on crying with other caregivers) at a preterm parenting class held at eight months' gestation. A postnatal home-visit service was implemented in which a maternity nurse distributed a pamphlet to explain information about infant crying. Before the four-month health check-up, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to assess exposure to these public health practices and outcome variables (i.e. infant crying knowledge, walk-away and information-sharing behaviours), and responses were collected at the four-month health check-up (n = 1316). The impacts of these interventions on outcome variables were analysed by comparing those exposed to both interventions, either intervention and neither intervention after adjusting for covariates. Crying and shaking knowledge were significantly higher among women exposed to the public health practices, with a dose-response relationship (both P < 0.001). Further, walk-away behaviour during periods of unsoothable crying was higher among the intervention group. However, sharing information about infant crying with other caregivers was less likely among the intervention group. The impact of educational materials in public health practice on knowledge of crying and shaking, and walk-away behaviour in Japan had a dose-response relationship; however, an increase in sharing information with other caregivers was not observed. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do educational materials change knowledge and behaviour about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Barr, Ronald G; Barr, Marilyn; Fujiwara, Takeo; Conway, Jocelyn; Catherine, Nicole; Brant, Rollin

2009-03-31

Shaken baby syndrome often occurs after shaking in response to crying bouts. We questioned whether the use of the educational materials from the Period of PURPLE Crying program would change maternal knowledge and behaviour related to shaking. We performed a randomized controlled trial in which 1279 mothers received materials from the Period of PURPLE Crying program or control materials during a home visit by a nurse by 2 weeks after the birth of their child. At 5 weeks, the mothers completed a diary to record their behaviour and their infants' behaviour. Two months after giving birth, the mothers completed a telephone survey to assess their knowledge and behaviour. The mean score (range 0-100 points) for knowledge about infant crying was greater among mothers who received the PURPLE materials (63.8 points) than among mothers who received the control materials (58.4 points) (difference 5.4 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1 to 6.5 points). The mean scores were similar for both groups for shaking knowledge and reported maternal responses to crying, inconsolable crying and self-talk responses. Compared with mothers who received control materials, mothers who received the PURPLE materials reported sharing information about walking away if frustrated more often (51.5% v. 38.5%, difference 13.0%, 95% CI 6.9% to 19.2%), the dangers of shaking (49.3% v. 36.4%, difference 12.9%, 95% CI 6.8% to 19.0%), and infant crying (67.6% v. 60.0%, difference 7.6%, 95% CI 1.7% to 13.5%). Walking away during inconsolable crying was significantly higher among mothers who received the PURPLE materials than among those who received control materials (0.067 v. 0.039 events per day, rate ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6). The receipt of the Period of PURPLE Crying materials led to higher maternal scores for knowledge about infant crying and for some behaviours considered to be important for the prevention of shaking.

Do educational materials change knowledge and behaviour about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

Barr, Ronald G.; Barr, Marilyn; Fujiwara, Takeo; Conway, Jocelyn; Catherine, Nicole; Brant, Rollin

2009-01-01

Background Shaken baby syndrome often occurs after shaking in response to crying bouts. We questioned whether the use of the educational materials from the Period of PURPLE Crying program would change maternal knowledge and behaviour related to shaking. Methods We performed a randomized controlled trial in which 1279 mothers received materials from the Period of PURPLE Crying program or control materials during a home visit by a nurse by 2 weeks after the birth of their child. At 5 weeks, the mothers completed a diary to record their behaviour and their infants' behaviour. Two months after giving birth, the mothers completed a telephone survey to assess their knowledge and behaviour. Results The mean score (range 0–100 points) for knowledge about infant crying was greater among mothers who received the PURPLE materials (63.8 points) than among mothers who received the control materials (58.4 points) (difference 5.4 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1 to 6.5 points). The mean scores were similar for both groups for shaking knowledge and reported maternal responses to crying, inconsolable crying and self-talk responses. Compared with mothers who received control materials, mothers who received the PURPLE materials reported sharing information about walking away if frustrated more often (51.5% v. 38.5%, difference 13.0%, 95% CI 6.9% to 19.2%), the dangers of shaking (49.3% v. 36.4%, difference 12.9%, 95% CI 6.8% to 19.0%), and infant crying (67.6% v. 60.0%, difference 7.6%, 95% CI 1.7% to 13.5%). Walking away during inconsolable crying was significantly higher among mothers who received the PURPLE materials than among those who received control materials (0.067 v. 0.039 events per day, rate ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6). Interpretation The receipt of the Period of PURPLE Crying materials led to higher maternal scores for knowledge about infant crying and for some behaviours considered to be important for the prevention of shaking. (ClinicalTrials.gov trial register no. NCT00175422.) PMID:19255065

Risky Behaviors of Mothers with Infants on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Turkey.

PubMed

Erdoğan, Çiğdem; Turan, Türkan

Sudden infant death syndrome is the most common cause of death during the post-neonatal period. Factors such as sleeping position, bed sharing, pillow use, smoking during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period constitute risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome. This study aims to identify the risky behaviors of mothers with infants that may put their children at risk for sudden infant death syndrome. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was filled out by 456 mothers who applied to the family health center between October 2014 and January 2015. The greatest risk factor is the infant's sleeping position. A total of 77.9% of the mothers put their babies in bed in a non-supine position; 65.8% used a pillow when they put their babies in bed, 52.9% used a soft mattress, and 28.5% shared their beds with their babies. Prone sleeping was more likely to occur when smoke was present in the home or a pillow was used. Nurses should notify families of the risky behaviors that can cause sudden infant death syndrome and plan appropriate nursing care. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Decompressive hemicraniectomy in a space-occupying presentation of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome.

PubMed

Berhouma, Moncef; Chekili, Ridha; Brini, Ines; Kchir, Nidhameddine; Jemel, Hafedh; Bousnina, Souad; Khaldi, Moncef

2007-12-01

A case of an acute life-threatening presentation of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome requiring an urgent decompressive hemicraniectomy is described. A 9 month-old baby had a status epilepticus following a sustained fever, leading to a comatose state and a right pupillary dilatation associated with a left hemiplegia. The MRI showed a swelling right hemisphere with marked temporal herniation. The baby underwent a decompressive right hemicraniectomy with temporal cortical biopsies. The post-operative course was favourable. The histological findings were unspecific, showing a gliotic spongiosis with disseminated granular cells. The post-operative MRI depicted a right hemisphere atrophy. To our knowledge, a space-occupying presentation of HHE syndrome requiring surgical decompression has never been described before while only a few reports dealt with the neuropathological aspects of this syndrome.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

MedlinePlus

... a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Causes Using alcohol during pregnancy can cause the same risks as using alcohol in general. But it poses extra risks to the unborn baby. When a pregnant woman drinks ... use during pregnancy. Larger amounts of alcohol appear to increase the ...

Consequences of low birth weight, maternal illiteracy and poor access to medical care in rural India: infantile iatrogenic Cushing syndrome.

PubMed

Karande, Sunil

2015-08-21

Home delivery, low birth weight babies and maternal illiteracy among the poor in rural India are frequent. The rural poor prefer to seek healthcare from private providers, most of whom have no formal medical training and buy medicines from private pharmacies without a prescription owing to a weakly regulated environment. This report is of a 4-month-old baby from a remote village in northern India, who presented with exogenous Cushing syndrome. This baby was a full-term low birth weight home delivery. As the baby was not growing well, treatment was started at 1 month by a private doctor with betamethasone drops The mother on her own volition continued giving the betamethasone drops by buying the medicine over the counter from a private pharmacy. This case highlights the gaps in essential health services in rural India and the steps being taken to improve the situation. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Consequences of low birth weight, maternal illiteracy and poor access to medical care in rural India: infantile iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

PubMed Central

Karande, Sunil

2015-01-01

Home delivery, low birth weight babies and maternal illiteracy among the poor in rural India are frequent. The rural poor prefer to seek healthcare from private providers, most of whom have no formal medical training and buy medicines from private pharmacies without a prescription owing to a weakly regulated environment. This report is of a 4-month-old baby from a remote village in northern India, who presented with exogenous Cushing syndrome. This baby was a full-term low birth weight home delivery. As the baby was not growing well, treatment was started at 1 month by a private doctor with betamethasone drops The mother on her own volition continued giving the betamethasone drops by buying the medicine over the counter from a private pharmacy. This case highlights the gaps in essential health services in rural India and the steps being taken to improve the situation. PMID:26297767

A Journey with Klinefelter Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cover, Virginia Isaacs

2006-01-01

In this article, the author shares her experience having a son with Klinefelter Syndrome. Klinefelter Syndrome, also known as 47,XXY, is estimated to occur in 1 out of 600 males, making it the most common chromosomal disorder. Babies with Klinefelter Syndrome rarely have any physical differences that are detectable, which is the reason that so few…

Down Syndrome (For Parents)

MedlinePlus

... Infections Diseases & Conditions Pregnancy & Baby Nutrition & Fitness Emotions & Behavior School & Family Life First Aid & Safety Doctors & Hospitals ... traits abnormalities associated with Down syndrome. Cell free DNA. This test analyzes fetal DNA found in the ...

Atrioventricular Canal Defect

MedlinePlus

... birth (congenital). The condition is often associated with Down syndrome. Atrioventricular canal defect allows extra blood to flow ... baby's heart is developing. Some factors, such as Down syndrome, might increase the risk of atrioventricular canal defect. ...

Circumferential skin folds in a child: a case of Michelin tire baby syndrome.

PubMed

Palit, Aparna; Inamadar, Arun C

2007-01-01

A six-month-old girl who presented with dermatitis was found to have multiple, symmetric, deep, gyrate skin folds involving her trunk and similar circumferential lesions on her extremities since birth. She had a characteristic round face with hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, thin, down-turned vermillion border of upper lip and short neck. Skin biopsy demonstrated increased smooth muscle fibers in the deeper dermis. A diagnosis of Michelin tire baby syndrome was made. Clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis and prognosis of this rare disorder have been discussed.

Social Early Stimulation of Trisomy-21 Babies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aparicio, Maria Teresa Sanz; Balana, Javier Menendez

2003-01-01

This study was initiated with twenty Down's syndrome babies to verify whether subjects undergoing social early stimulation would benefit from this type of treatment. An experimental study was designed with two training groups: visual or written instructions. The analyses of the results established statistically significant differences in the…

Generalized smooth muscle hamartoma with multiple congenital anomalies without the "Michelin tire baby" phenotype.

PubMed

Janicke, Elise C; Nazareth, Michael R; Rothman, Ilene L

2014-01-01

We report a patient with generalized smooth muscle hamartoma who presented with many of the variety of congenital anomalies that have been reported in babies with multiple symmetric circumferential rings of folded skin known as Michelin tire baby (MTB) syndrome, but our patient did not show the MTB phenotype. This constellation of findings in the absence of the MTB phenotype has not been previously reported. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Prenatal care in your first trimester

MedlinePlus

... for birth defects and genetic problems, such as Down syndrome or brain and spinal column defects. If your ... if the baby is at risk for having Down syndrome. If a test called a quadruple screen is ...

Amitriptyline poisoning of a baby: how informative can hair analysis be?

PubMed

Allibe, Nathalie; Eysseric-Guerin, Hélène; Kintz, Pascal; Bartoli, Mireille; Bost-Bru, Cécile; Grenier, Florian; Scolan, Virginie; Stanke-Labesque, Françoise

2015-04-01

We reported a case of a 6-month-old baby girl who was hospitalized in the pediatric emergency for central nervous system disorders then coma. Toxicology analysis showed the presence of amitriptyline (AMI) and its metabolite nortriptyline (NOR) in blood and urine of the baby. Additional investigations suggested a shaken baby syndrome. Given the family context, a judge ordered hair tests for both the child and his parents to document drug exposure. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was then developed to quantify AMI and NOR in hair. After decontamination and segmentation, 20 mg of hair was incubated overnight at 55 °C in methanol (MeOH). The LC-MS/MS method used an online solid phase extraction and the analysis was performed using two transitions per compound. The LOQ and LOD for the two compounds were estimated at 0.0075 ng/mg and 0.005 ng/mg respectively. All hair segments tested for both parents were negative. For the baby two strands of hair were collected one day after the acute intoxication for the first and 5 weeks later for the second. The first strand was not decontaminated before analysis to avoid losing specimen. The high and relatively homogenous concentrations of AMI (with a range of value from 6.65 to 9.69 ng/mg) and NOR (with a range of value from 7.12 to 8.96 ng/mg) measured suggested that contamination could have occurred. The analysis of the second strand after decontamination allowed to detect AMI and NOR in all hair segments. The obtained values varied between 0.54 and 1.41 ng/mg for AMI and between 1.26 and 4.00 ng/mg for NOR. These results supported the hypothesis of a chronic exposure during several months before hair collection with regular increase. However a single overdose could not be totally excluded. The interpretation of results must take into account the pharmacological and physiological parameters of hair of the children. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Clinical forensic examination findings and legal outcome in cases of suspected physical child abuse].

PubMed

Bode-Jänisch, Stefanie; Meyer, Yvonne; Schroeder, Günter; Günther, Detlef; Debertin, Anette Solveig

2011-01-01

Clinical forensic examinations performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Hanover Medical School between 1999 and 2008 in cases of suspected physical abuse of children were analyzed retrospectively with special emphasis on the legal consequences. Altogether, 192 children (85 girls, 107 boys) with a median age of 4.4 years were examined. In 47 cases (24.5 %), the clinical forensic examination findings were interpreted as accidental injuries, birth traumas or unspecific findings. 29 victims (20.0 %) had suffered a shaken baby syndrome. Only part of the presented cases ended with conviction, which was more likely if the victims were aged between 7 and 11 years. Prison terms of 2 years and more were imposed only if the child suffered potentially or acute life-threatening injuries or if additional anogenital lesions were diagnosed indicating sexual child abuse.

Protective ocular mechanisms in woodpeckers.

PubMed

Wygnanski-Jaffe, T; Murphy, C J; Smith, C; Kubai, M; Christopherson, P; Ethier, C R; Levin, A V

2007-01-01

Woodpeckers possess mechanisms protecting the eye from shaking/impact. Mechanisms available to woodpeckers but not humans may help explain some eye injuries in Shaken Baby syndrome (SBS). Gross dissection and histologic examination of eyes and orbits of seven woodpeckers. All birds showed restricted axial globe movement due to the tight fit within the orbit and fascial connections between the orbital rim and sclera. The sclera was reinforced with cartilage and bone, the optic nerve lacked redundancy, and the vitreous lacked attachments to the posterior pole retina. Woodpecker eyes differ from human infants by an inability of the globe to move axially in the orbit, the sclera to deform, and the vitreous to shear the retina. These findings support current hypotheses that abusive acceleration-deceleration-induced ocular injury in human infants may be related to translation of vitreous within the globe and the globe within the orbit. The woodpecker presents a natural model resistant to mechanical forces that have some similarity to SBS.

Down Syndrome. NICHCY Disability Fact Sheet #4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2010

2010-01-01

When a baby is born with Down syndrome, his or her parents should know that there's a lot of help available--and immediately. Shortly after the diagnosis of Down syndrome is confirmed, parents will want to get in touch with the early intervention system in their community. Early intervention is a system of services designed to help infants and…

Recurrent urinary tract infections in an infant with antenatal Bartter syndrome.

PubMed

Tasic, Velibor; Pota, Liljana; Gucev, Zoran

2011-02-01

antenatal variant of Bartter syndrome is characterized by a history of polyhydramnios, premature birth, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, polyuria and renal salt wasting. In this report we present a premature female baby with antenatal Barter syndrome who had three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), without evidence for congenital anomaly of the kidneys or urinary tract. antenatal Bartter syndrome was diagnosed according to the standard criteria. Ultrasound scan and voiding cystourethrography were performed to exclude congenital anomaly of the kidneys and urinary tract. the baby presented with early hyperkalemia and acidosis. The typical biochemical features of the Bartter syndrome were observed in the second month. Despite appropriate treatment she had persistent hypercalciuria. The clinical course was complicated with recurrent episodes of febrile UTIs. Urinary tract system imaging did not demonstrate congenital anomalies. She finally died of severe dehydration, acidosis and renal failure. since no congenital anomaly of the kidneys or urinary tract was demonstrated in our patient, we believe that severe, persistent hypercalciuria is the most important risk factor for development of recurrent UTIs.

[Babies with cranial deformity].

PubMed

Feijen, Michelle M W; Claessens, Edith A W M Habets; Dovens, Anke J Leenders; Vles, Johannes S; van der Hulst, Rene R W J

2009-01-01

Plagiocephaly was diagnosed in a baby aged 4 months and brachycephaly in a baby aged 5 months. Positional or deformational plagio- or brachycephaly is characterized by changes in shape and symmetry of the cranial vault. Treatment options are conservative and may include physiotherapy and helmet therapy. During the last two decades the incidence of positional plagiocephaly has increased in the Netherlands. This increase is due to the recommendation that babies be laid on their backs in order to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. We suggest the following: in cases of positional preference of the infant, referral to a physiotherapist is indicated. In cases of unacceptable deformity of the cranium at the age 5 months, moulding helmet therapy is a possible treatment option.

New technique for servo-control of arterial oxygen tension in preterm infants.

PubMed Central

Beddis, I R; Collins, P; Levy, N M; Godfrey, S; Silverman, M

1979-01-01

Equipment has been developed for the servo-control of arterial oxygen tension in sick, newborn babies. Using an indwelling umbilical arterial oxygen electrode as sensor, the equipment successfully regulated the administration of oxygen to 12 newborn babies with respiratory distress syndrome, significantly improving the stability of arterial oxygen tension and lessening the duration of episodes of hypoxia and hyperoxia. PMID:453911

Nuclear AgNOR protein enhancement in nucleoplasms of peripheral blood lymphocytes of babies/children with Down syndrome.

PubMed

Imamoglu, Nalan; Eroz, Recep; Canatan, Halit; Demirtas, Halil; Saatci, Çetin

2016-03-01

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders. The factors contributing to the mental retardation together with other defects in this syndrome have not been fully explained. Individuals with DS have extra rRNA gene family since they carry an extra chromosome 21. The few reports available are on the relationship between the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) and DS phenotype. The in vivo regulation of NORs expression on the extra chromosome 21 is not completely understood. Previous studies have shown that nucleoli of lymphocytes from infants (mostly neonates) with DS contain more in vivo and in vitro nucleolar AgNOR proteins when compared with healthy infants. The objective of this study is to compare the in vivo nuclear AgNOR protein level in nucleoplasms (also called as karyoplasm) of nonstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from babies/children with DS and healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples obtained from 20 babies/children with DS and 20 matched healthy controls were smeared on clean glass slides and then AgNOR staining was performed. The AgNOR protein level in nucleoplasms of lymphocytes from both groups was calculated using a computer program. Nearly 100 interphase nuclei per individual were analysed. Average nuclear AgNOR protein levels in nucleoplasms of lymphocytes from babies/children with DS were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.001). On the basis of our present results, we propose that the increase of nuclear AgNOR protein in in vivo conditions may contribute to the formation of DS phenotypes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trial.

PubMed

Barr, Ronald G; Rivara, Frederick P; Barr, Marilyn; Cummings, Peter; Taylor, James; Lengua, Liliana J; Meredith-Benitz, Emily

2009-03-01

Infant crying is an important precipitant for shaken-infant syndrome. OBJECTIVE. To determine if parent education materials (The Period of PURPLE Crying [PURPLE]) change maternal knowledge and behavior relevant to infant shaking. This study was a randomized, controlled trial conducted in prenatal classes, maternity wards, and pediatric practices. There were 1374 mothers of newborns randomly assigned to the PURPLE intervention and 1364 mothers to the control group. Primary outcomes were measured by telephone 2 months after delivery. These included 2 knowledge scales about crying and the dangers of shaking; 3 scales about behavioral responses to crying generally and to unsoothable crying, and caregiver self-talk in response to unsoothable crying; and 3 questions concerning the behaviors of sharing of information with others about crying, walking away if frustrated, and the dangers of shaking. The mean infant crying knowledge score was greater in the intervention group (69.5) compared with controls (63.3). Mean shaking knowledge was greater for intervention subjects (84.8) compared with controls (83.5). For reported maternal behavioral responses to crying generally, responses to unsoothable crying, and for self-talk responses, mean scores for intervention mothers were similar to those for controls. For the behaviors of information sharing, more intervention mothers reported sharing information about walking away if frustrated and the dangers of shaking, but there was little difference in sharing information about infant crying. Intervention mothers also reported increased infant distress. Use of the PURPLE education materials seem to lead to higher scores in knowledge about early infant crying and the dangers of shaking, and in sharing of information behaviors considered to be important for the prevention of shaking.

[Perioperative management for open balloon atrial septostomy immediately after caesarean section in a baby with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum].

PubMed

Yokoi, Nagisa; Toda, Yuichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Kanazawa, Tomoyuki; Suemori, Tomohiko; Shimizu, Kazuyoshi; Iwasaki, Tatsuo; Morita, Kiyoshi

2010-10-01

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with intact atrial septum (IAS) is an extreme type of single ventricle physiology among congenital heart diseases, in which a baby cannot supply oxygenated blood into systemic circulation without alternative pathway. We report the case of the neonate undergoing open balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) and bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) soon after scheduled caesarean sections (C/S). A 35-year-old female was pregnant and fetal echocardiography at 32 weeks revealed one of the twins as HLHS/IAS. Severe hypoxia soon after birth was suspected. Thus, scheduled C/S followed by open BAS was planned. At 36 weeks of gestation, the mother was anesthetized with spinal bupivacaine and the female baby with HLHS/IAS was delivered. After diagnosed definitely by pediatric cardiologists, her trachea was intubated by anesthegiologists and umbilical catheters were placed by neonatologists. Then the baby was transferred to neighboring operating theater for BAS 68 minutes after the birth, while her Sp(O2) was maintained around 75-85% through serial procedures. Open BAS and PAB were performed under general anesthesia without any hemodynamic instability or severe hypoxia. Cooperation among anesthegiologists, neonatologists, pediatric cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons is mandatory in order to successfully complete such a rushed procedure.

Activities for Babies and Toddlers with Down Syndrome: A Physiotherapy Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelso, Rose-Anne; Price, Sue

Children with Down Syndrome have the potential for the development of a large range and variety of postures, balance reactions, movements, and skills. Sometimes this potential remains relatively untapped resulting in unusual, inefficient, or even detrimental patterns of movement. By handling and playing with the child, he or she becomes more aware…

Baby Sign but Not Spontaneous Gesture Predicts Later Vocabulary in Children with Down Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Özçaliskan, Seyda; Adamson, Lauren B.; Dimitrova, Nevena; Bailey, Jhonelle; Schmuck, Lauren

2016-01-01

Early spontaneous gesture, specifically deictic gesture, predicts subsequent vocabulary development in typically developing (TD) children. Here, we ask whether deictic gesture plays a similar role in predicting later vocabulary size in children with Down Syndrome (DS), who have been shown to have difficulties in speech production, but strengths in…

Development of a finite element/multi-body model of a newborn infant for restraint analysis and design.

PubMed

Bondy, Matthew; Altenhof, William; Chen, Xilin; Snowdon, Anne; Vrkljan, Brenda

2014-01-01

A finite element/multi-body model of a newborn infant has been developed by researchers at the University of Windsor. The geometry of this model is derived from a Nita newborn hospital training mannequin. It consists of 17 parts: eight upper and lower limb segments, the torso, head, and a seven-segment neck with seven translational and eight rotational joints. Anthropometry is consistent with hospital growth charts, measurements requested from health professionals and data from the open literature. The biomechanical properties of the model (i.e. joint stiffnesses) are implementations of data identified in the open literature. The model has been validated with respect to studies of the biomechanics of shaken baby syndrome, infant falls and the Q0 anthropomorphic testing device. A significant conclusion of this study is that the kinetics of the Q0 neck is not biofidelic. This model is currently used in an analysis of airway patency for infants in modern automotive child restraints.

Baby sleeping bag and conventional bedding conditions--comparative investigations by infrared thermography.

PubMed

Sauseng, W; Kerbl, R; Thaller, S; Hanzer, M; Zotter, H

2011-09-01

Thermal stress is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Recently, baby sleeping bags have been recommended as a preventive measure against SIDS. The aim of this study was to describe in which way the use of baby sleeping bags might influence thermoregulation of sleeping infants and maybe the incidence of SIDS. Body surface temperature was recorded by use of infrared thermography in 15 infants (median age 49 days). Recordings were done twice: after sleeping for 60 min under a blanket and after sleeping for 60 min in a baby sleeping bag. Temperature was recorded and compared for defined sites of body surface. Infants' mean body surface temperature as well as core temperature after sleeping in a baby sleeping bag did not show significant differences when compared to infants sleeping under a conventional blanket. Under controlled conditions, core temperature and mean body surface temperature are comparable, equally if using a baby sleeping bag or conventional bedding. However, under the more uncontrolled conditions of baby care at home, sleeping bags might provide a more constant temperature profile, while other bedding conditions may lead to significant variations of temperature pattern. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Infant Temperament Characteristics Related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Its Risk Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelmanson, Igor A.

2006-01-01

Three major components have been repeatedly implicated for the origin(s) of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): system, minor sickness and surroundings. All these factors also frame infant temperament, and therefore it seems logical to suppose that the babies who either succumb to or are at risk of SIDS may present with certain behavioral…

Congenital bilateral upper eyelid eversion: report of a case.

PubMed

Cingü, Abdullah Kürşat; Sahin, Alparslan; Yüksel, Harun; Ozkök, Ahmet; Arı, Seyhmus; Caça, Ihsan

2014-01-01

Congenital bilateral upper eyelid eversion is a rare condition and the definite cause is not known. It is often seen in Black babies or babies with Down's syndrome. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the condition can be managed without surgery. We report a case of congenital upper eyelid eversion in an otherwise healthy Caucasian neonate, born by normal vaginal delivery. The case responded well to conservative treatment, including eyelid repositioning, lubricants, antibiotic ointment, and eyelid patching.

Rubella (German Measles)

MedlinePlus

... in such cases has been associated with the development of Reye syndrome . When to Call the Doctor Call your doctor if your ... Getting Immunizations Affect My Unborn Baby? A Kid's Guide to Shots ...

Hurler syndrome

MedlinePlus

... I Thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge Exams and Tests In some states, babies are ... storage disease - mucopolysaccharidosis type I Images Low nasal bridge References Pyeritz RE. Inherited diseases of connective tissue. ...

CF and School

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

About Cystic Fibrosis

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Prader-Willi Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... baby may seem unusually tired, respond poorly to stimulation, have a hard time waking up or have ... voices may never fully deepen. Poor growth and physical development. Underproduction of growth hormone can result in ...

Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Germs and Staying Healthy

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Newborn Screening for CF

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

MedlinePlus

... Testing for Cystic Fibrosis CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS) How Babies Are Screened in IRT-Only vs. ... Guidelines Infant Care Clinical Care Guidelines Management of CRMS in First 2 Years and Beyond Clinical Care ...

Birth Defects & Other Health Conditions

MedlinePlus

... Congenital heart defects and CCHD Congenital syphilis Congenital Zika syndrome Coxsackie infection and your baby Cystic fibrosis ... families in our new awareness campaign video. GO Zika services near you Visit Zika Care Connect to ...

The use of continuous positive airway pressure in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome: a report from Baghdad, Iraq.

PubMed

Hameed, Numan Nafie; Abdul Jaleel, Ra'id Khalil; Saugstad, Ola Didrik

2014-04-01

To study maternal and neonatal risk factors related to outcome of preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in a tertiary Iraqi NICU. A prospective case study carried out from January 5, 2011 to January 5, 2012, on 70 preterm neonates with RDS who were started on CPAP. Maternal and infant variables of preterm babies with successful or failed CPAP therapy were compared. Seventy neonates, 44 (63%) males and 26 (37%) females were included. Mean (SD) gestation was 32.8 (2.8) weeks and mean (SD) birth weight was 1860 (656) g. Thirty-seven (52.9%) babies failed CPAP, of them 29 (78.3%) were started on mechanical ventilation. The variables associated with failure of CPAP were: Birth weight ≤1500 g, gestational age ≤30 weeks, white out on the chest X-ray, FiO2 ≥50% at 20 min of CPAP, PEEP ≥5.5 cm H2O. Mortality rates were 94.6% in CPAP failures versus 5.4% in CPAP successes (p = 0.001). In infants surviving till discharge, duration of hospital stay was longer in babies who were CPAP successes (9.6 ± 3.7 versus 3.0 ± 2.7 days, p = 0.001). Gestational age, birth weight, whiteout chest X-ray, and FiO2 are important predictive values for success of CPAP therapy. A larger prospective multicenter controlled trial is needed to determine the benefits and risks of CPAP and predictors of its failure in our setting. Our results may be useful for others practicing in similar settings as us.

Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left ... is very small. The ascending portion of the aorta is underdeveloped or is too small. Often, babies ...

Nuchal translucency test

MedlinePlus

... is more fluid than normal. This makes the space look thicker. A blood test of the mother is also done. Together, these 2 tests will tell if the baby could have Down syndrome or another genetic disorder.

Twin Legacies: Victor and Vincent McKusick/Twin Studies: Twinning Rates I; Twinning Rates II; MZ Twin Discordance for Russell-Silver Syndrome; Twins' Language Skills/Headlines: Babies Born to Identical Twin Couples; Identity Exchange; Death of Princess Ashraf (Twin); Yahoo CEO Delivers Identical Twins.

PubMed

Segal, Nancy L

2016-04-01

The lives of the illustrious monozygotic (MZ) twins, Victor A. and Vincent L. McKusick, are described. Victor earned the distinction as the 'Father of Medical Genetics', while Vincent was a legendary Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court. This dual biographical account is followed by two timely reports of twinning rates, a study of MZ twin discordance for Russell-Silver Syndrome (RSS) and a study of twins' language skills. Twin stories in the news include babies born to identical twin couples, a case of switched identity, the death of Princess Ashraf (Twin) and a new mother of twins who is also Yahoo's CEO.

Retinal Findings on OCT in Systemic Conditions.

PubMed

Chhablani, Preeti Patil; Ambiya, Vikas; Nair, Akshay G; Bondalapati, Sailaja; Chhablani, Jay

2017-06-22

Imaging technology has advanced by leaps and bounds in the recent past and has resulted in a much greater understanding of ocular diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of various systemic conditions. A systematic literature search of the Medline/PubMed database was performed. English articles up to April 2015 were included. Terms used for search included: Alzheimer's Disease; Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson's Disease; Behçet's Disease; Schizophrenia; Migraine; Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; Neurofibromatosis; Sickle Cell Disease; Renal diseases; Lupus Retinopathy; Valsalva Retinopathy; Whiplash Retinopathy; Shaken-Baby Syndrome; Choroidal metastases; Intracranial Hypertension; Drug toxicity; Deferoxamine; Sildenafil; Tamoxifen; Hydroxychloroquine; Chloroquine; Ethambutol; Lead; Sickle Cell Disease; and Thalassemia along with OCT. Studies have shown that inner retinal thinning could be the earliest sign of neurological diseases and may help to differentiate individuals with abnormalities. Outer retinal damage was noted in cancer-related retinopathy and secondary to drug toxicity as a diagnostic sign. This review article summarizes the OCT findings and their importance in early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in a varying spectrum of systemic diseases including neurological diseases, hematological diseases, cancer-related retinopathies, and systemic drug toxicity. OCT findings are useful to predict the probability of a disease, to diagnose it early, to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy tissue, and to assess the effect of therapeutic interventions in many systemic diseases.

When Your Baby Has a Birth Defect

MedlinePlus

... as heart defects, cleft lip and palate, or cerebral palsy. Still, you may find yourself being both the ... the NICU Gene Therapy and Children Down Syndrome Cerebral Palsy Spina Bifida Prenatal Genetic Counseling What Is a ...

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Although health care professionals don't know what causes SIDS, they do know ways to reduce the risk. These include Placing your baby on his or her back to sleep, even for short naps. "Tummy time" is for ...

Koraxitrachitic syndrome: a syndromic form of self-healing collodion baby with residual dappled atrophy of the derma.

PubMed

Verloes, A; Hermanns-Lê, T; Lesenfants, S; Lombet, J; Lamotte, P J; Crèvecoeur-Liégeois, C; Duchesne, B; Piérard, G E

1999-10-29

We report on a child with a generalized skin disorder associated with other minor anomalies. At birth, the child presented as a collodion baby, with patchy erythema, generalized irregular dermal atrophy, alopecia, absent eyelashes and eyebrows, and conjunctival pannus. He also had hypertelorism, prominent nasal root, large mouth, micrognathia, brachydactyly, syndactyly involving all interdigital spaces, and camptodactyly of fingers III-V. The hyperkeratotic membrane thinned progressively, leaving a mottled reticulated skin atrophy, with patchy areas of yellowish hyperpigmentation and papyraceous areas. Hair and nails were dystrophic. Mental development was borderline normal. The histological hallmarks of the skin manifestations combined orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and marked atrophy of the dermis. The dermal extracellular matrix was immature, and factor XIII-a positive dendrocytes were rare and globular rather than dendritic. We frame as a hypothesis that the disease is due to or associated with a defect in maturation of a subset of dermal dendrocytes during fetal life. This entity may be designed as the koraxitrachitic syndrome (kappaomicronrhoalphaxi:grapnel- taurhoalphachiiotatauepsilonsigma: roughness) Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The Significance of Macrocephaly or Enlarging Head Circumference in Infants With the Triad

PubMed Central

Miller, David; Barnes, Patrick; Miller, Marvin

2015-01-01

Abstract Infants with the triad (neurologic dysfunction, subdural hematoma [SDH], and retinal hemorrhage) are often diagnosed as victims of shaken baby syndrome. Medical conditions/predisposing factors to developing the triad are often dismissed: short falls, birth-related SDH that enlarges, macrocephaly, sinus/cortical vein thrombosis, and others. Six infants with the triad are described in which child abuse was diagnosed, but parents denied wrongdoing. All 6 had either macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference, which suggested medical explanations. Three infants incurred short falls, 1 had a difficult delivery in which there was likely a rebleed of a birth-related SDH, 1 had a spontaneous SDH associated with increased extra-axial fluid spaces, and 1 had a sinus thrombosis. Following legal proceedings, all 6 infants were returned to their parents, and there has been no child maltreatment in follow-up, suggesting child abuse never happened. The results indicate that alternative medical explanations for causing the triad should be considered and that macrocephaly or an enlarging head circumference raises the possibility of a medical explanation. PMID:25893912

Mechanics of the brain: perspectives, challenges, and opportunities.

PubMed

Goriely, Alain; Geers, Marc G D; Holzapfel, Gerhard A; Jayamohan, Jayaratnam; Jérusalem, Antoine; Sivaloganathan, Sivabal; Squier, Waney; van Dommelen, Johannes A W; Waters, Sarah; Kuhl, Ellen

2015-10-01

The human brain is the continuous subject of extensive investigation aimed at understanding its behavior and function. Despite a clear evidence that mechanical factors play an important role in regulating brain activity, current research efforts focus mainly on the biochemical or electrophysiological activity of the brain. Here, we show that classical mechanical concepts including deformations, stretch, strain, strain rate, pressure, and stress play a crucial role in modulating both brain form and brain function. This opinion piece synthesizes expertise in applied mathematics, solid and fluid mechanics, biomechanics, experimentation, material sciences, neuropathology, and neurosurgery to address today's open questions at the forefront of neuromechanics. We critically review the current literature and discuss challenges related to neurodevelopment, cerebral edema, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, hydrocephaly, craniectomy, spinal cord injury, tumor growth, traumatic brain injury, and shaken baby syndrome. The multi-disciplinary analysis of these various phenomena and pathologies presents new opportunities and suggests that mechanical modeling is a central tool to bridge the scales by synthesizing information from the molecular via the cellular and tissue all the way to the organ level.

Michelin tire baby syndrome--a case report and literature review.

PubMed

Farooqi, Ghazala A; Mulla, Shafeek A; Ahmad, Mohammad

2010-09-01

Michelin tire syndrome is described in a two month old infant of Filipino-Saudi parents. The infant had generalized excessive folding of skin and facial dysmorphism. The skin biopsy showed excessive adipose tissue in reticular dermis, papillary dermis and around adnexa. Spontaneous partial improvement in skin folding was noted on follow up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case ever reported locally of Michelin tire.

Dramatic Increases in Maternal Opioid Use and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... estimated 21,732 infants were born with NAS —equivalent to one baby suffering from opiate withdrawal born ... for back pain shows missed opportunities to prescribe non-opioid medications ( June 2018 ) Methadone and buprenorphine reduce ...

Intrapartum diagnostic of Roberts syndrome - case presentation.

PubMed

Socolov, Răzvan Vladimir; Andreescu, Nicoleta Ioana; Haliciu, Ana Maria; Gorduza, Eusebiu Vlad; Dumitrache, Florentin; Balan, Raluca Anca; Puiu, Maria; Dobrescu, Mihaela Amelia; Socolov, Demetra Gabriela

2015-01-01

Roberts syndrome is a rare disease, with multiple limb and skeletal abnormalities (called "pseudothalidomide disease"). There are only around 150 cases described in literature. We present a case of Roberts syndrome, diagnosed in moment of delivery, after a pregnancy without prenatal follow-up. The stillborn baby was naturally delivered by a 17-year-old primiparous woman at 38 weeks of amenorrhea. The pregnancy was not followed due to socioeconomic and family situation, and no prenatal ultrasound was performed. The male baby has 2650 g and presented several morphological abnormalities and tight double umbilical abdominal loop. The macroscopic evaluation showed: dolichocephaly, hypoplastic inferior maxilla with micrognathia, antimongoloid palpebral slant, pterygium colli, abnormal and lower implanted ears, superior limbs phocomelia, syndactyly at lower left limb and tetradactyly in all limbs, bilateral cryptorchidism, pancreatic aplasia. Roberts syndrome is a rare genetic disease with recessive autosomal transmission generated by mutations in ESCO2 gene, located on chromosome 8. The disease should be easy to diagnose by antenatal ultrasound examination, but in our case, the lack of prenatal follow-up determined the diagnostic at term. We believe consider this case is an argument towards introducing ultrasound-screening compulsory to all pregnancies. To identify a possible genetic mutation, further investigations of the parents are in progress, but classically the disease has a recessive autosomal transmission.

Genetics Home Reference: multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome

MedlinePlus

... babies have a buildup of a chemical called lactic acid in the body (lactic acidosis), which can be life-threatening. They may ... or alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase leads to potentially fatal lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, and other signs and symptoms of ...

Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly)

MedlinePlus

... in an effort to redirect the growth. Never purchase or use any devices like these without first having your child seen by a doctor. Only a small percentage of babies wear helmets. The decision to use helmet therapy is made on a ...

Growth and development of permanent teeth germ of transplacental Yu-Cheng babies in Taiwan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lan, Shoujen; Yen, Yeayin; Ko, Yingchin

This paper is intended to present a study of transplacental Yu-Cheng babies in Taiwan. The focus of the study is to demonstrate how a contaminated food source can affect the growth and development of permanent teeth germ in children. A sporadic outbreak of a peculiar skin disease was reported in Japan in October of 1968. An epidemiological study revealed the outbreak of this disease was caused by contaminated Kanemi rice oil. This episode of rice oil poisoned with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was the first reported outbreak of PCB poisoning in the world. A second episode occurred in central Taiwan elevenmore » years after the Japanese episode. Registered data from the Taiwan Provincial Government Health Department reported 1,843 cases in 1980. Of this group, more than 800 women were child-bearing age and most of these women would or soon would be married and pregnant. The offsprings of these women were in danger, because it has been proven that PCB intoxication could affect the fetus. These babies, only contaminated through the placenta, are called PCB transplacental Yusho babies in Japan and PCB transplacental Yu-Cheng babies in Taiwan. Babies with PCB poisoning could have Fetal PCB syndrome (FPS) and may have retarded eruption of permanent teeth and other anomalies such as reduced numbers of teeth and abnormal shaped roots. The study of transplacental Yu-Cheng babies is an important public health issue for Taiwan. Although there may be other issues, this study focuses only on the growth and development of permanent teeth of those babies affected by PCB transplacental contamination.« less

Bubble CPAP for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.

PubMed

Koti, Jagdish; Murki, Srinivas; Gaddam, Pramod; Reddy, Anupama; Reddy, M Dasaradha Rami

2010-02-01

To ascertain the immediate outcome of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on Bubble CPAP and identify risk factors associated with its failure. Prospective analytical study. Inborn preterm infants (gestation 28 to 34 weeks) admitted to the NICU with respiratory distress and chest X ray suggestive of RDS. Bubble CPAP with bi-nasal prongs. CPAP failures infants requiring ventilation in the first one week. 56 neonates were enrolled in the study. 14 (25%) babies failed CPAP. The predictors of failure were; no or only partial exposure to antenatal steroids, white-out on the chest X-ray, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis/pneumonia and Downes score > 7 or FiO2 > or = 50% after 15-20 minutes of CPAP. Other maternal and neonatal variables did not influence the need for ventilation. Rates of mortality and duration of oxygen requirement was significantly higher in babies who failed CPAP. Only two infants developed pneumothorax. No baby had chronic lung disease. Infants with no or partial exposure to antenatal steroids, white-out chest X-ray, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis/pneumonia and those with higher FiO2 requirement after initial stabilization on CPAP are at high risk of CPAP failure (needing mechanical ventilation). Bubble CPAP is safe for preterm infants with RDS.

Management of a child with vomiting.

PubMed

Singhi, Sunit C; Shah, Ravi; Bansal, Arun; Jayashree, M

2013-04-01

Vomiting is a protective reflex that results in forceful ejection of stomach contents up to and out of the mouth. It is a common complaint and may be the presenting symptom of several life-threatening conditions. It can be caused by a variety of organic and nonorganic disorders; gastrointestinal (GI) or outside of GI. Acute gastritis and gastroenteritis (AGE) are the leading cause of acute vomiting in children. Important life threatening causes in infancy include congenital intestinal obstruction, atresia, malrotation with volvulus, necrotizing enterocolitis, pyloric stenosis, intussusception, shaken baby syndrome, hydrocephalus, inborn errors of metabolism, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, obstructive uropathy, sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis, and severe gastroenteritis, and in older children appendicitis, intracranial mass lesion, diabetic ketoacidosis, Reye's syndrome, toxic ingestions, uremia, and meningitis. Initial evaluation is directed at assessment of airway, breathing and circulation, assessment of hydration status and red flag signs (bilious or bloody vomiting, altered sensorium, toxic/septic/apprehensive look, inconsolable cry or excessive irritability, severe dehydration, concern for symptomatic hypoglycemia, severe wasting, Bent-over posture). The history and physical examination guides the approach in an individual patient. The diverse nature of causes of vomiting makes a "routine" laboratory or radiologic screen impossible. Investigations (Serum electrolytes and blood gases,renal and liver functions and radiological studies) are required in any child with dehydration or red flag signs, to diagnose surgical causes. Management priorities include treatment of dehydration, stoppage of oral fluids/feeds and decompression of the stomach with nasogastric tube in patients with bilious vomiting. Antiemetic ondansetron(0.2 mg/kg oral; parenteral 0.15 mg/kg; maximum 4 mg) is indicated in children unable to take orally due to persistent vomiting, post-operative vomiting, chemotherapy induced vomiting, cyclic vomiting syndrome and acute mountain sickness.

Preliminary evidence for associations between second-trimester human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated oestriol levels with pregnancy outcome in Down syndrome pregnancies.

PubMed

Benn, P A

1998-04-01

Fifty-six cases of Down syndrome were identified in a population of women who had undergone maternal serum triple marker screening [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE3) analyses]. These affected pregnancies represented all known cases present in the population of 34,368 women screened. Using a 1:270 mid-trimester Down syndrome risk to define the screen-positive group, 42 affected pregnancies were screen-positive (medians: AFP = 0.79 MOM, hCG = 2.13 MOM, uE3 = 0.62 MOM, age 34.6 years) and 14 pregnancies were screen-negative (medians: AFP = 0.82 MOM, hCG = 1.57 MOM, uE3 = 0.92 MOM, age 24.2 years). Four affected pregnancies were associated with in utero death and each of these cases was associated with relatively extreme values of AFP, hCG, and uE3, including the three highest levels of hCG in the entire series of Down syndrome pregnancies. Twenty-nine (15 screen-positive and 14 screen-negative) affected pregnancies resulted in liveborns. Down syndrome pregnancies had a significantly shorter gestational term than controls, and Down syndrome babies were also lighter than controls, even after adjustment for sex and gestational age. In affected pregnancies, a low uE3 level appeared to be associated with a greater chance of a small-for-gestational age baby. No correlations could be demonstrated between AFP or hCG levels and gestational age-adjusted term weight. Based on this small series, it would appear that uE3 may be particularly useful in detecting those Down syndrome cases associated with small-for-gestational age fetuses. A very high hCG value may indicate a higher probability of fetal death.

Communication skills of residents to families with Down syndrome babies.

PubMed

Dogan, Derya G; Kutluturk, Yesim; Kivilcim, Meltem; Canaloglu, Sinem K

2016-12-01

Generally, pediatricians are the first health caregivers to deliver initial diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS) to the families. However, most of the parents are not satisfied with the contents and how they receive information when their child is born with DS. Pediatric residents should target educational interventions to help parents to overcome with these issues and to provide accurate information. The objective is to assess comfort levels and training requirements of pediatric residents to communicate with parents of babies born with Down syndrome. Diagnostic Situations Inventory (DSI) is a rating scale which included ten questions to assess discomfort level. A survey was sent via mobile, websites and all the social media which were available to all pediatrics residents in the country. Socio-demographic factors including information about training requirement were collected as well. From the 326 participants, total mean discomfort level was 30.22 in DSI out of 50 which was the highest score. Discomfort level was significantly increased in female participants (p= 0.033). Being female (p= 0.014), having less residency level (p= 0.028), examining less number of patients with Down syndrome (p= 0.025) and having higher discomfort levels (p= 0.001) were found to be related with increased training requirement. From the residents, 84% declared the need for additional training. This study showed that pediatric residents had a high level of discomfort when communicating with parentes of newborn with Down Syndrome. Female residentes had a discomfort level significantly higher than male residentes. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

Cosleeping and Your Baby

MedlinePlus

... another bedroom, it's best to wait until their child is at least 6 months of age. Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD Date reviewed: December 2016 More on this topic for: Parents Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) All About Sleep Sleep and Your 1- ...

How Long Has Grandpa Been Dead and Other Forensic Mysteries

ScienceCinema

Baden, Michael

2018-05-22

Was the baby born alive? Can a child's brain really be shaken hard enough to cause death? Was the body dead before going into the water? Does a lightening strike cause any unique changes in the body? Why are hair and maggots becoming so important to the forensic scientist? Let's talk.

[Successful continuous renal replacement therapy in a neonate with early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome].

PubMed

von Schnakenburg, C; Hufnagel, M; Superti-Furga, A; Rieger-Fackeldey, E; Berner, R

2009-01-01

Group B streptococcal early-onset sepsis (GBS EOS) in neonates has a mortality rate of approximately 5%, particularly in the presence of multi-organ dysfunction. Fluid management is crucial in these patients, and continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) should be considered a therapeutic option even in newborn babies. After an uneventful pregnancy within hours after birth, a female term infant presented with dyspnoea, irritability and cyanosis. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) progressed to multi-organ dysfunction with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), impaired myocardial contractility, pulmonary hypertension and fluid overload. The maximum PRISM score was 51. The child required maximal respiratory and inotropic support with high volume intravenous fluid administration. However, only by using of CVVH from day 5 to 14, we successfully resolved progressive pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunction. The child improved directly after initiation of fluid removal, was extubated on day 17 and discharged without obvious sequelae on day 57. All microbiology studies revealed GBS. Perinatal GBS-infections remain a major life-threatening event for newborn babies. CVVH should be considered an option for reversing fluid overload even in neonates with overwhelming SIRS. Alternatively, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is discussed.

Nonaccidental head injury in children. Historical vignette.

PubMed

Al-Holou, Wajd N; O'Hara, Edward A; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A; Maher, Cormac O

2009-06-01

Our current understanding of nonaccidental head injury in children is the result of decades of effort and the tireless work of numerous physicians. In 1860 Auguste Ambroise Tardieu, a French forensics expert, recognized important patterns of injury in children and identified nonaccidental trauma as the cause of these injuries. His work was ignored. In the years that followed, physicians continued to report these patterns of injury but were unable to identify the etiology. A fundamental misunderstanding of the usual cause of subdural hematoma (SDH) contributed to the confusion at that time. Early in the 20th century, neurosurgeons such as Wilfred Trotter recognized that SDHs were traumatic in origin. However, even Trotter's efforts to expose faults in the theories that SDHs primarily resulted from inflammatory or infectious processes were not accepted immediately. Eventually, the pattern of injuries in children was again recognized both by neurosurgeons, who began to identify an association between trauma-induced SDHs and retinal hemorrhages, and by radiologists, who began to note SDHs in conjunction with osseous lesions. Not until the 1950s and 1960s, however, did physicians begin to routinely identify nonaccidental trauma as the cause of these injuries. Following the recognition of child abuse, a pattern of injuries in conjunction with shaking was identified and is currently known as shaken baby syndrome. Since its identification, our understanding of this syndrome has been modified as a result of new medical research, legal challenges, and popular media forces.

Bartsocas-Papas Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Erturan, Gurhan; Holton, James; Wall, Steven; Giele, Henk

2016-04-01

Bartsocas-Papas syndrome (BPS) is an autosomal recessively inherited form of the popliteal pterygium syndrome characterized by severe growth retardation, midface hypoplasia, popliteal pterygia, and syndactyly. Almost all affected babies die in utero or infancy. We report the difficulties of reconstruction and ongoing plastic surgical management in an 8-year-old child with BPS. With increasingly sophisticated resuscitation and supportive techniques, it is possible that more patients with BPS will survive beyond the neonatal period. This raises new challenges with reconstruction highlighted by this case with a difficult balance between trying to overcome some of the profound effects of the syndrome versus diminishing quality of life for the child by repeated and often unsuccessful surgical procedures.

Wilms Tumor in a Child With Bilateral Polycystic Kidneys and PHACE Syndrome: Successful Treatment Outcome Using Partial Nephrectomy and Chemotherapy.

PubMed

Thankamony, Priyakumari; Sivarajan, Venugopal; Mony, Rari P; Muraleedharan, Venugopal

2016-01-01

Congenital anomalies may be associated with Wilms tumor either as isolated anomalies or as part of a congenital malformation syndrome. Nephroblastoma occurring in association with polycystic kidneys is very rare. The optimal surgical management of nephroblastoma in the setting of polycystic kidneys is not defined because of the rarity of this presentation. PHACE syndrome includes posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial lesions, cardiac abnormalities/coarctation of aorta, and eye abnormalities. We report a 17-month-old baby with bilateral polycystic kidneys and PHACE syndrome who developed nephroblastoma in the right polycystic kidney which was treated successfully with nephron-sparing partial nephrectomy and chemotherapy.

A case study on the successful management of Cotard's syndrome in pregnancy: Case Reports.

PubMed

Howe, G; Srinivasan, M

1999-01-01

Cotard's Syndrome is rare and no cases have been reported in pregnancy. We describe a case of a woman in the third trimester who attempted suicide by jumping out of a window, sustaining multiple fractures. Delivery of her baby by Caesarean section and orthopaedic intervention was necessary before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) could be administered, resulting in a successful outcome for both mother and child. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 1999; 3: 293-295).

Ecosystem and human health impacts from increased corn production: vulnerability assessment of exposure to high nitrate concentrations in groundwater and blue baby syndrome

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, V.; Cooter, E. J.

2013-12-01

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires oil refiners to reach a target of 15 billion gallons of corn-based ethanol by 2022. However, there are concerns that the broad-scale use of corn as a source of ethanol may lead to unintended economic and environmental consequences. This study applies the geophysical relationships captured with linked meteorological, air quality and agriculture models to examine the impact of corn production before enactment of the RFS in 2002 and at the height of the RFS targets in 2022. In particular, we investigate the probability of high-levels of nitrate in groundwater resulting from increased corn production and then relate this vulnerability to the potential for infants to acquire Methemoglobinemia, or 'Blue Baby Syndrome'. Blue Baby Syndrome (BBS) is a potentially fatal condition that occurs when the hemoglobin (Fe2+) in an infant's red blood cells is oxidized to methemoglobin (Fe3+), preventing the uptake of oxygen from the baby's blood. Exposure to high levels of nitrate in groundwater occur near the intersection of areas where surface water can more readily leach into shallow aquifers, wells are the main source of drinking water, and high nitrogen inputs exist. We use a coupled meteorological, agricultural and air quality model to identify areas vulnerable to increased nitrate contamination and associated risk to acquiring BBS. We first verify the relationship between predictive variables (e.g., nitrogen deposition and fertilization rates, landcover, soils and aquifer type) and nitrate groundwater levels by applying a regression model to over 800 nitrate measurements taken from wells located throughout the US (Figure 1). We then apply the regression coefficients to the coupled model output to identify areas that are at an increased risk for high nitrate groundwater levels in 2022. Finally, we examine the potential change in risk for acquiring BBS resulting from increased corn production by applying an Oral Reference Dose (RfD) factor from the US EPA Integrated Risk Information System.

Auricular anthropometry of Hong Kong Chinese babies.

PubMed

Fok, T F; Hon, K L; So, H K; Ng, P C; Wong, E; Lee, A K Y; Chang, A

2004-02-01

To provide a database of the auricular measurements of Chinese infants born in Hong Kong. Prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 2384 healthy singleton, born consecutively at the Prince of Wales Hospital and the Union Hospital from October 1998 to September 2000, were included in the study. The range of gestation was 33-42 weeks. Measurements included ear width (EW), ear length (EL) and ear position (EP). The data show generally higher values for males in the parameters measured. When compared with previously published data for Caucasian and Jordanian term babies, Chinese babies have shorter EL. The ears were within normal position in nearly all our infants. The human ear appears to grow in a remarkably constant fashion. This study establishes the first set of gestational age-specific standard of the ear parameters for Chinese new-borns, potentially enabling early syndromal diagnosis. There are significant inter-racial differences in these ear parameters.

Recommendations for enhancing psychosocial support of NICU parents through staff education and support

PubMed Central

Hall, S L; Cross, J; Selix, N W; Patterson, C; Segre, L; Chuffo-Siewert, R; Geller, P A; Martin, M L

2015-01-01

Providing psychosocial support to parents whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can improve parents' functioning as well as their relationships with their babies. Yet, few NICUs offer staff education that teaches optimal methods of communication with parents in distress. Limited staff education in how to best provide psychosocial support to families is one factor that may render those who work in the NICU at risk for burnout, compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress syndrome. Staff who develop burnout may have further reduced ability to provide effective support to parents and babies. Recommendations for providing NICU staff with education and support are discussed. The goal is to deliver care that exemplifies the belief that providing psychosocial care and support to the family is equal in importance to providing medical care and developmental support to the baby. PMID:26597803

Congenital leukemoid reaction followed by fatal leukemia. A case with Down's syndrome.

PubMed

Lin, H P; Menaka, H; Lim, K H; Yong, H S

1980-10-01

A serial clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic study was done on a baby with Down's syndrome in whom a myeloid leukemoid reaction developed at birth that spontaneously regressed within a month only to relapse two years later to an acute undifferentiated stem cell leukemia. He died 1 1/2 months after onset. The unresolved controversy of the diagnosis of the congenital leukemia-like state is discussed. The importance of following up such patients with apparent remission of their congenital leukemia-like disorder is emphasized.

Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome.

PubMed

Maheshwari, A; Kumar, P; Dutta, S; Narang, A

2001-06-01

A severely growth retarded baby was born at 38 weeks gestation. He had multiple craniofacial anomalies, microbrachycephaly, phocomelia in the upper limbs and renal cysts visible on ultrasound. He died of recurrent apneas. The autopsy showed left sided multicystic dysplastic kidney and absence of one testis. Cytogenetic studies did not reveal any abnormality. The phenotypic features match those described in the Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome. A literature review revealed that 50% of these patients have chromosomal defects and antenatal detection is possible on ultrasound and by chromosome analysis of the amniocytes.

Maternal Pseudo-Bartter Syndrome Associated with Severe Perinatal Brain Injury.

PubMed

Vora, Shrenik; Ibrahim, Thowfique; Rajadurai, Victor Samuel

2017-09-15

Maternal electrolyte imbalance is rarely reported as causative factor of severe perinatal brain injury. This case outlines a unique maternal and neonatal pseudo-Bartter syndrome presented with metabolic alkalosis and hypochloremia due to maternal severe vomiting. Neonatal MRI brain revealed extensive brain hemorrhages with porencephalic cysts. Subsequent investigation workup points towards maternal severe metabolic alkalosis as its cause. Careful medical attention should be paid to pregnant women with excessive vomiting to ensure a healthy outcome for both the mother and the baby.

Two Pregnancies with a Different Outcome in a Patient with Alport Syndrome.

PubMed

Kitanovska, Biljana Gerasimovska; Gerasimovska, Vesna; Livrinova, Vesna

2016-09-15

Alport syndrome is a genetic disease that progresses to chronic kidney failure, with X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Women are generally carriers of the mutation and have a milder form of the disease. During pregnancy, they have an increased risk of impaired kidney function and preeclampsia. A 27-year old woman, gravida 1, para 0, in her 23rd gestational week came to the outpatient unit of the University Clinic of Nephrology for the first time because of slowly progressing proteinuria and Alport syndrome. She was admitted to the gynaecological ward in her 29th gw for proteinuria which increased from 3.8 g/day up to 20 g/day and the serum creatinine increased to 120- 150 micromol/l. She was delivered in the 30th gestational week due to obstetrical indications with a cesarian section and delivered a baby with a birth weight of 880 g. After delivery, proteinuria decreased to 2 g/d within 2 months and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was started. Her second pregnancy, after 2 years, had an uneventful course and she delivered a healthy baby weighing 3000 g in the 39th week. Six months after the second delivery, her renal function remained normal and her proteinuria was 2 g/d. Pre-pregnancy counselling and frequent controls during pregnancy are necessary for women with Alport syndrome, as well as regular monitoring after delivery. Recent reports are more in favour of good pregnancy and nephrological outcomes in women with Alport syndrome when renal disease is not advanced.

Variable expressivity in Patau syndrome is not all related to trisomy 13 mosaicism.

PubMed

Hsu, Hui-Fang; Hou, Jia-Woei

2007-08-01

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) is very rare in live-born babies. Individuals with this chromosomal syndrome have a short lifespan and are rarely seen beyond infancy. This study is aimed at the clinical spectrum, natural history, and survival of patients with trisomy 13. We reviewed the detailed data of 13 Patau syndrome live-born babies. Among them two individuals were delivered from continuation of pregnancy even after prenatal diagnosis. The remaining 11 patients were born to younger mothers who did not undergo amniocentesis because no major anomalies except for cleft lip/palate were found on prenatal sonograms. The common features of Patau syndrome including the clinical triad (microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, and polydactyly) and non-cyanotic heart defects were always found in our series. However, certain serious central defects (holoprosencephaly, omphalocele, and single umbilical artery), which are easily recognized from prenatal sonogram, occurred less frequently than those stated in the literature. The median survival time was 95 days and was longer than that previously reported. There were two infants with trisomic mosaicism with different outcomes in both clinical spectrum and survival. Otherwise, we also found the increased recurrence risks of aneuploidy in two individuals, and the longest survivor (84 months) of non-mosaic trisomy 13 in Taiwan. We thus suggest that long-term survival in our series is strongly correlated with different expressivity after prenatal selection, in addition to cytogenetic mosaicism. Less associated anomalies such as polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation, single umbilical artery, eye defects, holoprosencephaly, omphalocele, and polycystic kidney may contribute to their clinical courses. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Passive smoking in babies: The BIBE study (Brief Intervention in babies. Effectiveness)

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background There is evidence that exposure to passive smoking in general, and in babies in particular, is an important cause of morbimortality. Passive smoking is related to an increased risk of pediatric diseases such as sudden death syndrome, acute respiratory diseases, worsening of asthma, acute-chronic middle ear disease and slowing of lung growth. The objective of this article is to describe the BIBE study protocol. The BIBE study aims to determine the effectiveness of a brief intervention within the context of Primary Care, directed to mothers and fathers that smoke, in order to reduce the exposure of babies to passive smoking (ETS). Methods/Design Cluster randomized field trial (control and intervention group), multicentric and open. Subject: Fathers and/or mothers who are smokers and their babies (under 18 months) that attend pediatric services in Primary Care in Catalonia. The measurements will be taken at three points in time, in each of the fathers and/or mothers who respond to a questionnaire regarding their baby's clinical background and characteristics of the baby's exposure, together with variables related to the parents' tobacco consumption. A hair sample of the baby will be taken at the beginning of the study and at six months after the initial visit (biological determination of nicotine). The intervention group will apply a brief intervention in passive smoking after specific training and the control group will apply the habitual care. Discussion Exposure to ETS is an avoidable factor related to infant morbimortality. Interventions to reduce exposure to ETS in babies are potentially beneficial for their health. The BIBE study evaluates an intervention to reduce exposure to ETS that takes advantage of pediatric visits. Interventions in the form of advice, conducted by pediatric professionals, are an excellent opportunity for prevention and protection of infants against the harmful effects of ETS. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00788996. PMID:21171981

[Denys-Drash syndrome: a case report].

PubMed

Puczko-Nogal, Barbara; Nogal, Paweł; Bilińska, Wiesława; Kulig, Andrzej; Nowicki, Michał

2003-04-01

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) rarely develops before the age of 1 year. The case is presented of nephrotic syndrome occurring in the form of Denys-Drash syndrome. In a newborn of female sex in birth certificate, dysmorphia was found of the external urogenital organs. The karyotype was 46XY. Massive proteinuria, low total serum protein level, dysproteinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia justified the diagnosis of NS. In renal biopsy performed diffuse mesangial fibrosis was found. The progression of renal insufficiency was very rapid and within few weeks terminal renal failure developed. The parents refused consent to renal replacement treatment. The baby died at the age of 102 days. The autopsy examination confirmed renal changes in the form of diffuse fibrosis; gonads of testicular structure were found in the abdominal cavity.

Twin infant with lymphatic dysplasia diagnosed with Noonan syndrome by molecular genetic testing.

PubMed

Mathur, Deepan; Somashekar, Santhosh; Navarrete, Cristina; Rodriguez, Maria M

2014-08-01

Noonan Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features and occasional lymphatic dysplasias. The features of Noonan Syndrome change with age and have variable expression. The diagnosis has historically been based on clinical grounds. We describe a child that was born with congenital refractory chylothorax and subcutaneous edema suspected to be secondary to pulmonary lymphangiectasis. The infant died of respiratory failure and anasarca at 80 days. The autopsy confirmed lymphatic dysplasia in lungs and mesentery. The baby had no dysmorphic facial features and was diagnosed postmortem with Noonan syndrome by genomic DNA sequence analysis as he had a heterozygous mutation for G503R in the PTPN11 gene.

[Congenital ectropion of the upper eyelids due to an anomaly of the eyelids in down's syndrome (author's transl)].

PubMed

Hennighausen, U; Schmidt-Martens, F W; Reim, M

1978-05-01

A 5-months-old female baby with Down's Syndrome developed an intermittent spastic ectropion of the upper eyelids. The reasons for this are thought to be the flaccidity of the connective tissue, which is typical in Down's Syndrome, and a little anomaly of the eyelids, the tarsus was too short horizontally and very weak and the upper eyelids were somewhat larger than normal and elongated. Suturing Bangerter's lid-sheets on the upper eyelids for 15 days resulted in a scarring of the tarsus with the lax connective tissue of the upper eyelids. The ectropion disappeared and did not recur.

ENERCA clinical recommendations for disease management and prevention of complications of sickle cell disease in children.

PubMed

de Montalembert, Mariane; Ferster, Alina; Colombatti, Raffaella; Rees, David C; Gulbis, Beatrice

2011-01-01

Universal neonatal screening is performed in the United States, England, the Netherlands, and several cities in Belgium, with selective screening targeted on "high-risk" population in France (globally, one quarter of all the babies born in France are screened). Newborns diagnosed with a major sickle cell syndrome (SCD) should be referred to a designated pediatric sickle cell centre, and the parents are informed that their child has SCD; this may be in the sickle cell centre by an expert physician or in the community by an experienced nurse counsellor. The pediatric sickle cell centre should organize the care of the baby.

Congenital band syndrome with pseudarthrosis of the radius and ulna and impending vascular compromise: a case report.

PubMed

Ho, Christine A; Richards, B Stephens; Ezaki, Marybeth

2014-09-01

Although amniotic band syndrome is relatively rare, reports of pseudarthrosis in conjunction with amniotic band syndrome are even rarer, as are reports of impending vascular compromise in the neonatal period. Careful serial examinations and timely surgical intervention can successfully avoid the catastrophic event of limb loss. We report on a case of upper extremity amniotic band syndrome with pseudarthrosis of the radius and ulna that was complicated by vascular compromise in a neonate. Chart and radiographic data for this single case were reviewed and reported retrospectively. A 1-day-old neonate born at 28 3/7 weeks of gestational age was transferred to our institution for increased swelling to the forearm distal to a congenital band associated with an underlying radius and ulna pseudarthrosis. Although the forearm and hand were soft and viable initially, severe edema and swelling occurred after fluid resuscitation, and on the fourth day of life, the patient underwent simple band releases at bedside with 2 longitudinal incisions over the radius and ulna. Circulation was restored, and the pseudarthrosis healed with no further surgical intervention. Successful delayed reconstruction of the band with Z-plasties was performed when the baby was 7 months of age. In this case, a relatively simple, straightforward procedure that is familiar to most pediatric orthopaedists salvaged a compromised neonatal limb with amniotic band syndrome and allowed healing of a pseudarthrosis, allowing more complex reconstruction to be performed in a delayed, elective manner. Careful observation is necessary in the neonatal period of the baby with a severe band; a viable, well-perfused, compressible extremity may still be at risk.

Factors affecting responses of infants with respiratory distress syndrome to exogenous surfactant therapy.

PubMed

Ho, N K

1993-02-01

Approximately 20% to 30% of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) do not respond to surfactant replacement therapy. Unfortunately there is no uniform definition of 'response' or 'non-response' to surfactant therapy. Response was based on improvement in a/A PO2 and/or mean airway pressure (MAP) by some and on improvement in FIO2 and/or MAP by others. Even the point of time at which evaluation of response was done is different in various reports. There is an urgent need to adopt an uniform definition. Most premature babies are surfactant deficient which is the aetiological factor of RDS. Generally good antenatal care and perinatal management are essential in avoidance of premature birth. Babies with lung hypoplasia and who are extremely premature (less than 24 weeks of gestation) do not respond well to exogenous surfactant replacement because of structural immaturity. Prompt management of asphyxiated birth and shock are necessary as there may be negative response to surfactant replacement. Foetal exposure to glucocorticoids improves responsiveness to postnatal administration of surfactant. Antenatal steroid therapy has become an important part of management of RDS with surfactant replacement. The premature lungs with high alveolar permeability tend to develop pulmonary oedema. With the presence of plasma-derived surfactant inhibitors, the response to exogenous surfactant may be affected. These inhibitors may also be released following ventilator barotrauma. The standard of neonatal intensive care such as ventilatory techniques has an important bearing on the outcome of the RDS babies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Babies in boxes and the missing links on safe sleep: Human evolution and cultural revolution.

PubMed

Bartick, Melissa; Tomori, Cecília; Ball, Helen L

2018-04-01

Concerns about bedsharing as a risk for sudden infant death syndrome and other forms of sleep-associated infant death have gained prominence as a public health issue. Cardboard "baby boxes" are increasingly promoted to prevent infant death through separate sleep, despite no proof of efficacy. However, baby boxes disrupt "breastsleeping" (breastfeeding with co-sleeping) and may undermine breastfeeding. Recommendations enforcing separate sleep are based on 20th century Euro-American social norms for solitary infant sleep and scheduled feedings via bottles of cow's milk-based formula, in contrast to breastsleeping, an evolutionary adaptation facilitating the survival of mammalian infants for millennia. Interventions that aim to prevent bedsharing, such as the cardboard baby box, fail to consider the implications of evolutionary biology or of ethnocentrism in sleep guidance. Moreover, the focus on bedsharing neglects more potent risks such as smoking, drugs, alcohol, formula feeding, and poverty. Distribution of baby boxes may divert resources and attention away from addressing these other risk factors and lead to a false sense of security wherein we overlook that sudden unexplained infant deaths also occur in solitary sleep environments. Recognizing breastsleeping as the evolutionary and cross-cultural norm entails re-evaluating our research and policy priorities, such as providing greater structural support for families, supporting breastfeeding and safe co-sleeping, investigating ways to safely minimize separation for formula-fed infants, and mitigating the potential harms of mother-infant separation when breastsleeping is disrupted. Resources would be better spent addressing such questions rather than on a feel-good solution such as the baby box. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Autoimmune manifestations in SCID due to IL7R mutations: Omenn syndrome and cytopenias.

PubMed

Zago, Claudia Augusta; Jacob, Cristina Miuki Abe; de Albuquerque Diniz, Edna Maria; Lovisolo, Silvana Maria; Zerbini, Maria Claudia Nogueira; Dorna, Mayra; Watanabe, Letícia; Fernandes, Juliana Folloni; Rocha, Vanderson; Oliveira, João Bosco; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

2014-07-01

B+NK+SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) due to IL7Rα deficiency represents approximately 10% of American SCID cases. To better understand the spectrum of autoimmune disorders associated with IL7Rα deficiency, we describe two unrelated IL7Rα-deficient female SCID infants whose clinical picture was dominated by autoimmune manifestations: one with intrauterine Omenn syndrome (OS) and another with persistent thrombocytopenic purpura since 4months of age. The OS baby harbored a homozygous p.C118Y mutation in IL7R. She presented dense eosinophilic infiltrates in several organs, including pancarditis, which may have contributed to her death (on the 2nd day of life). B cells were observed in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and thymus. The second patient harbored compound heterozygous p.C118Y and p.I121NfsX8 mutations. She underwent a successful unrelated cord blood transplant. In conclusion, early OS can be observed in patients with IL7R mutations, and autoimmune cytopenias could also complicate the clinical course of SCID babies with this type of defect. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Improvement in mortality of very low birthweight infants and the changing pattern of neonatal mortality: the 50-year experience of one perinatal centre.

PubMed

Battin, Malcolm R; Knight, David B; Kuschel, Carl A; Howie, Ross N

2012-07-01

Neonatology is a relatively new sub-specialty so we aimed to review survival data in the context of advances in neonatal care. Review of neonatal survival for very low birthweight babies over the last 50 years. In the data collected from a single tertiary neonatal unit, survival for babies 501-1000 g improved from below 10% in 1959 to over 60% in 2009. Similarly, survival for babies 1001 to 1500 g has improved from approximately 50% to over 90%. During the study period, death due to extreme prematurity or cardiorespiratory problems, namely respiratory distress syndrome, fell from 90% in 1964 to only 45% of neonatal deaths in 2008. In addition to reporting the remarkable improvement in neonatal survival over this period, we have highlighted items of historical context. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2012 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

Embryo with XYY syndrome presenting with clubfoot: a case report.

PubMed

Athanatos, Dimitrios; Tsakalidis, Christos; Tampakoudis, George P; Papastergiou, Maria N; Tzevelekis, Fillipos; Pados, George; Assimakopoulos, Efstratios A

2009-09-01

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a skeletal anomaly of the embryo's legs, with a frequency of 1-3:1000 living born babies. It may occur as an independent anomaly, or as part of a syndrome with concomitant chromosomal abnormalities.XYY syndrome is a quite rare sex chromosomal abnormality with 47, XYY karyotype. Prenatal diagnosis is usually accidental because the syndrome is not associated with increased prevalence of sonographically detectable defects. The possibility of co-existence of skeletal anomalies in embryos with 47, XYY karyotype is scant, with only a few cases reported in the literature.An amniocentesis was performed in an embryo at the 21(st) week of gestation because clubfoot was detected in the 2(nd) trimester scan, and the embryo was found to have abnormal karyotype of 47, XYY. Current opinions and management dilemmas are discussed.

Embryo with XYY syndrome presenting with clubfoot: a case report

PubMed Central

Tsakalidis, Christos; Tampakoudis, George P; Papastergiou, Maria N; Tzevelekis, Fillipos; Pados, George; Assimakopoulos, Efstratios A

2009-01-01

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a skeletal anomaly of the embryo’s legs, with a frequency of 1-3:1000 living born babies. It may occur as an independent anomaly, or as part of a syndrome with concomitant chromosomal abnormalities. XYY syndrome is a quite rare sex chromosomal abnormality with 47, XYY karyotype. Prenatal diagnosis is usually accidental because the syndrome is not associated with increased prevalence of sonographically detectable defects. The possibility of co-existence of skeletal anomalies in embryos with 47, XYY karyotype is scant, with only a few cases reported in the literature. An amniocentesis was performed in an embryo at the 21st week of gestation because clubfoot was detected in the 2nd trimester scan, and the embryo was found to have abnormal karyotype of 47, XYY. Current opinions and management dilemmas are discussed. PMID:19918427

Insight into an Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birch, Jen

2006-01-01

In this article, the author shares some insights on the characteristics of a person with Asperger's syndrome, a condition on the higher-functioning end of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Born in 1955, the author was raised in rural South Auckland. As a baby, she propelled herself around the floor on her stomach, using her limbs as flippers,…

SIDS a Killer for Native Infants: Aberdeen Study Points the Way to Prevention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heet, LaRita Marie

1999-01-01

A four-year study focusing on American Indian infants and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome found education to be the key to reducing the higher-than-average death rate among Indian infants. Casual factors included overbundling of babies, lack of prenatal and well-child care, poverty, lack of transportation to hospitals, and prenatal smoking and…

Saving Babies in Our Communities--A Change of Position, A Change in Tradition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Evelyn K.

2000-01-01

Examines Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), including: (1) story of a victim's family; (2) risk factors; (3) known preventive measures; (4) change in traditional behaviors to ensure infants are put to sleep on their backs; and (5) the role child care providers should play to educate and ensure the safety of clients. (SD)

Search Strategy Instruction: Shifting from Baby Bird Syndrome to Curious Cat Critical Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheby, Lisa

2016-01-01

The traditional way of teaching research often lacks actual information-literacy instruction and, thus, fails to teach students how to be independent researchers. Teachers may help students regain curiosity by guiding them to shift their idea of research from a fact-finding and presentation exercise to a process of inquiry that includes gathering…

Maori Men and the Grief of SIDS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Shane; McCreanor, Tim; Ormsby, Manga; Tuwhangai, Nick; Tipene-Leach, David

2009-01-01

The loss of a baby is always hard to cope with and the grieving process is likely to be difficult. Interventions to work with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) families have improved grieving outcomes for many but the needs of Maori fathers are not well understood or catered to by existing services. This article presents narrative data from…

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in substance abuse: alcohol and alcoholism and syndromes associated with alcohol abuse.

PubMed

Spampinato, M Vittoria; Castillo, Mauricio; Rojas, Rafael; Palacios, Enrique; Frascheri, Laura; Descartes, Fernando

2005-06-01

Alcohol abuse is common among the population and results in significant diseases that shorten life span. Ethanol may result in chronic brain changes such as atrophy but may also result in neurologic disease that may be acute or chronic and sometimes life threatening. Accompanying vitamin deficiencies may lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy and changes in serum osmosis may lead to several acute demyelinating disorders. In addition, pregnant women who consume alcohol place their babies at high risk for the fetal alcohol syndrome. In this article we review these disorders and emphasize their imaging features.

Prenatal parent education for first-time expectant parents: "making it through labor is just the beginning…".

PubMed

Ateah, Christine A

2013-01-01

The purpose of this pilot project was to determine first-time expectant parents' perceptions of a parent education intervention, their education needs, and preferred sources and modes of such education. The intervention was carried out during the last class of a public health prenatal education series. A total of 31 first-time expectant parents participated and included both women (N = 16) and men (N = 15; mean, 29 years). The intervention was an in-person session on the topics of a safe sleeping environment, shaken baby syndrome, physical punishment risks and positive parenting, and expected development and safety. Participants completed the Infant Safety Education Project Questionnaire after the intervention. Overall, most participants in this study found the content useful, planned to use it in caring for their infant, and indicated that this information should be shared with all expectant parents. Findings support a larger scale study to determine parent education needs of expectant parents and the development, implementation, and evaluation of programming. Pediatric nurse practitioners and other primary care practitioners should be aware of the education needs of expectant parents and be prepared to provide anticipatory guidance and resources as appropriate. Copyright © 2013 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

The relationship between reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005.

PubMed

Cho, Geum Joon; Park, Hyun Tae; Shin, Jung Ho; Kim, Tak; Hur, Jun Young; Kim, Young Tae; Lee, Kyu Wan; Kim, Sun Haeng

2009-01-01

Postmenopausal women are known to have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with premenopausal women. However, there are few studies that have investigated the effects of reproductive factors on metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. A total of 892 postmenopausal women who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. We determined an association between reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome. Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that age at first birth was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome. Having the first baby at a later age was associated with a decreased risk of having metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99). However, other reproductive factors including age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, lifetime estrogen exposure, years since menopause, number of pregnancies, history of lactation, and oral contraceptives or hormone therapy use were not associated with metabolic syndrome. Among various reproductive factors, age at first birth was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women.

Successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Leigh syndrome.

PubMed

Unsal, Evrim; Aktaş, Yasemin; Uner, Ozge; BaltacI, Aysun; Ozcan, Sarp; Turhan, Feriba; Baltaci, Volkan

2008-11-01

To perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for a SURF1 gene mutation of the Leigh syndrome to transfer unaffected or carrier embryo/embryos. Case report. Clinical IVF laboratory. A couple carrying an nt769 G/A mutation that is associated with Leigh syndrome. Oocytes were fertilized by means of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The resulting embryos were biopsied 3 days after fertilization. One blastomere was taken and whole-genome amplification was performed. Amplification of the mutation site was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction digestion was completed. Gel Imager was used to measure the digests of normal and mutant load. Embryo testing by means of PGD-PCR and pregnancy. Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a SURF1 gene mutation and transfer of healthy or carrier embryos. Successful singleton pregnancy resulting in the delivery of healthy baby girl. We report the first case of successful PGD for Leigh syndrome resulting in delivery of a healthy newborn.

The shaken-soda syndrome

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kagan, David

2001-05-01

Two identical soda cans released at the same time on an incline will roll down at the same rate. However, if one of the cans is shaken, it will lose the race. Experimental evidence is presented that points to the presence of bubbles as the cause of the greater energy transfer to the fluid in the case of the shaken can.

Premaxillay retraction in bilateral complete cleft lip and palate with custom made orthopaedic plate having anterior acrylic ring.

PubMed

Raffat, Arsalah; Ijaz, Abida

2009-06-01

To determine retraction and alignment of protruded and rotated premaxillary segment and to measure increase in columellar length by using modified orthopaedic plate with anterior acrylic ring in newborn babies with non syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate. Pre surgical infant orthopaedic treatment of ten non syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate new born babies was done. Modified orthopaedic plate with anterior acrylic ring was used. This was adjusted every week by adding increments of 1 mm acrylic along the inner surface contacting labial surface of pre maxillary segment and trimming the same amount along the anterior margin of the plate. Pre and post treatment dental cast and a 1:1 photocopy of dental cast was obtained to analyze the retraction, angulations and arch form. Data was compiled and analyzed in SPSS 10. A significant pre maxillary retraction, correction of rotation as well as increase of columellar length was achieved. The appliance proved most successful being used immediately after birth, making use of plasticity of the neonate cartilage due to maternal estrogen levels. Moreover the appliance maintained arch form facilitated function and rendered initial lip repair easy and tension free.

Gender discrimination weighs heavily down on babies.

PubMed

Koshy, L M

1995-12-30

During a pediatric conference in New Delhi, India, physicians compared their experiences with various diseases to the body of knowledge contained in Western-oriented medical textbooks. One physician noted that the most important longterm intervention to prevent low birth weight babies and congenital malformations is social and involves reducing discrimination against women in India. Many childhood disorders, such as thalassemia, can be prevented by proper genetic screening. Children with thalassemia depend upon blood transfusions to survive, yet they can contract serious and life-threatening illness from an unsafe blood supply. Another physician implicated improper handling by parents in habit disorders such as thumb sucking. A report on childhood epilepsy noted that 20% of the cases are resistant to therapy. A session on nephrotic syndrome relayed the practical experiences of the pediatricians. The fact that this syndrome recurs until puberty and, thus, requires longterm management makes it an important pediatric topic. Asthma was described as a condition which is increasing and which parents are afraid to acknowledge. Another physician suggested adding childbirth to the list of medical emergencies in India, since 75% of them are attended by untrained personnel who may contribute to the incidence of death from neonatal tetanus.

Information and knowledge about Down syndrome among women and partners after first trimester combined testing.

PubMed

Ternby, Ellen; Ingvoldstad, Charlotta; Annerén, Göran; Lindgren, Peter; Axelsson, Ove

2015-03-01

We assessed reasons among women and partners for choosing combined ultrasound-biochemistry testing, information and knowledge about Down syndrome and decisions concerning invasive procedures and termination of pregnancy in a prospective cohort study in Uppsala County. In all 105 pregnant women and 104 partners coming for a combined ultrasound-biochemistry test answered a questionnaire. The most common reason for a combined ultrasound-biochemistry test was "to perform all tests possible to make sure the baby is healthy". Internet and midwives were the most common sources of information. Seventy-two percent had not received information on what it means to live with a child with Down syndrome. Many expectant parents perceived information as insufficient. Both women and partners had varying or low levels of knowledge about medical, cognitive and social consequences of Down syndrome. Twenty-five percent had not decided on an invasive test if indicated and only 42% would consider termination of pregnancy with a Down syndrome diagnosis. © 2014 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Facial anthropometry of Hong Kong Chinese babies.

PubMed

Fok, T F; Hon, K L; So, H K; Wong, E; Ng, P C; Lee, A K Y; Chang, A

2003-08-01

To provide a database of the craniofacial measurements of Chinese infants born in Hong Kong. Prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 2371 healthy singleton, born consecutively at the Prince of Wales Hospital and the Union Hospital from June 1998 to June 2000, were included in the study. The range of gestation was 33-42 weeks. Measurements included facial width (FW), facial height (FH), nasal length (NL), nasal width (NW), and length of the philtrum (PhilL). The facial, nasal, nasofacial and nasozygomatic indices were derived. The data show generally higher values for males in the parameters measured. The various indices remained remarkably constant and did not vary significantly between the two genders or with gestation. When compared with previously published data for white people term babies, Chinese babies have similar NW but shorter philtrum length. The human face appears to grow in a remarkably constant fashion as defined by the various indices of facial proportions. This study establishes the first set of gestational age-specific standard of such craniofacial parameters for Chinese new-borns, potentially enabling early syndromal diagnosis. There are significant inter-racial differences in these craniofacial parameters.

SPEEDY babies: A putative new behavioral syndrome of unbalanced motor-speech development

PubMed Central

Haapanen, Marja-Leena; Aro, Tuomo; Isotalo, Elina

2008-01-01

Even though difficulties in motor development in children with speech and language disorders are widely known, hardly any attention is paid to the association between atypically rapidly occurring unassisted walking and delayed speech development. The four children described here presented with a developmental behavioral triad: 1) atypically speedy motor development, 2) impaired expressive speech, and 3) tongue carriage dysfunction resulting in related misarticulations. Those characteristics might be phenotypically or genetically clustered. These children didn’t have impaired cognition, neurological or mental disease, defective sense organs, craniofacial dysmorphology or susceptibility to upper respiratory infections, particularly recurrent otitis media. Attention should be paid on discordant and unbalanced achievement of developmental milestones. Present children are termed SPEEDY babies, where SPEEDY refers to rapid independent walking, SPEE and DY to dyspractic or dysfunctional speech development and lingual dysfunction resulting in linguoalveolar misarticulations. SPEEDY babies require health care that recognizes and respects their motor skills and supports their needs for motor activities and on the other hand include treatment for impaired speech. The parents may need advice and support with these children. PMID:19337462

Lethal pallister-killian syndrome: Phenotypic similarity with fryns syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ignacio Rodriquez, J.; Garcia, I.; Alvarez, J.

1994-11-01

The Pallister-Killian syndrome is a sporadic multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by {open_quotes}coarse{close_quotes} face, profound mental retardation, and epilepsy. Chromosomes of peripheral lymphocytes are usually normal, but tissue cultures show varying degrees of mosaicism for isochromosome 12p. In babies who die neonatally of severe malformations, including diaphragmatic hernia, and who also have a {open_quotes}coarse{close_quotes} face, acral hypoplasia, and other internal anomalies, Fryns syndrome is more likely to be suspected than Pallister-Killian syndrome, especially if karyotyping is unavailable or if peripheral lumphocytes have a normal chromosome constitution. An initial diagnosis of Fryns syndrome had to be modified in 3 successive newbornmore » infants since chromosome analysis or in situ hybridization with a chromosome 12 probe on kidney tissue demonstrated the mosaic aneuploidy characteristic of Pallister-Killian syndrome. These 3 patients confirm that a similar pattern of malformations can be present in both conditions at birth. It consists of {open_quotes}coarse{close_quotes} face, acral hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia, and other defects. Newborn infants who present this phenotype, but lack a conclusively normal chromosome test, may not have Fryns syndrome. A diagnosis of Fryns syndrome should be made carefully to avoid the risk of inappropriate genetic counseling. 31 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.« less

[Floppy baby with macrocytic anemia and vegan mother].

PubMed

Schlapbach, L J; Schütz, B; Nuoffer, J M; Brekenfeld, C; Müller, G; Fluri, S

2007-08-29

We report the case of a 7 month-old girl that presented with acute anemia, generalized muscular hypotonia and failure to thrive. Laboratory evaluation revealed cobalamin deficiency, due to a vegan diet of the mother. The clinical triad of an acquired floppy baby syndrome with megaloblastic anemia and failure to thrive is pathognomic for infantile cobalamin deficiency. Neurological abnormalities are often irreversible and may be associated with delayed myelinization in the MRI. A normal cobalamin level in maternal serum and absence of anemia do not exclude subclinical deficiency. If cobalamin deficiency is suspected, e.g. in pregnant women on vegan diet, urinary methylmalonic acid excretion and plasma homocysteine levels should be determined and cobalamin substitution should be started at an early stage to avoid potentially irreversible damage of the fetus.

Thyroxine-Based Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Neonates with Down Syndrome.

PubMed

Erlichman, Ira; Mimouni, Francis B; Erlichman, Matityahu; Schimmel, Michael S

2016-06-01

To ascertain whether thyroxine (T4)-based screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (initial measurement of total T4 [tT4] followed by thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] measurement in patients with tT4 <10th percentile) identifies congenital hypothyroidism in all neonates with Down syndrome. Retrospective cohort study of 159 neonates with Down syndrome, born during the period 1998-2007 were included. Screening test results were compared with those of the general population. All primary care physicians of these infants were contacted and infants' thyroid status verified. tT4 concentrations in children with Down syndrome were significantly lower, and TSH higher than those in the general population; tT4 concentrations did not correlate with screening TSH concentrations. Twenty children with Down syndrome were treated with L-thyroxin within the first month of life although only 10 babies had been identified by the routine screening test. T4-based screening does not identify many cases of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates with Down syndrome. We recommend that neonates with Down syndrome be screened by simultaneous measurements of both tT4 and TSH. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Narcotic addiction, pregnancy, and the newborn.

PubMed

Fricker, H S; Segal, S

1978-04-01

Between 1954 and 1973, 101 heroin-addicted mothers gave birth to 149 babies at Vancouver General Hospital. Thirty-seven percent of the infants had low birth weights and two thirds were born preterm. Average birth weight was 2,710 gm as compared with an overall average of 3,420 gm for this hospital. Tobacco and alcohol abuse, and poor maternal nutrition probably contributed to the growth retardation. Withdrawal symptoms were observed in 68% of the babies, and this may have been aggravated by multiple drug use, which was prevalent, including alcohol, barbiturates, and "soft drugs." Neonatal mortality rate of 6.7% and a stillbirth rate of 4% resulted in a perinatal mortality rate of 10.7%. Prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, and other perinatal complications related to an unfavorable social background accounted for most neonatal deaths, but none was attributable directly to narcotic withdrawal.

Effects of Symptoms of Comorbid Psychopathology on Challenging Behaviors among Atypically Developing Infants and Toddlers as Assessed with the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matson, Johnny L.; Mahan, Sara; Sipes, Megan; Kozlowski, Alison M.

2010-01-01

Comorbid psychopathology and challenging behaviors often occur among persons with developmental disabilities. However, little attention to this issue has been reported in young children. In this study, individuals 17 through 36 months of age with varying diagnoses, such as intellectual disability, developmental delay, and Down syndrome, among…

Deliberate sulphonylurea poisoning mimicking hyperinsulinaemia of infancy

PubMed Central

Owen, L.; Ellis, M.; Shield, J.

2000-01-01

A 6 month old child presenting with seizures was found to be hypoglycaemic secondary to hyperinsulinism. A family history of type II diabetes prompted estimation of sulphonylurea in the baby's blood, which was found to be high. A multidisciplinary case conference concluded that the sulphonylurea ingestion was likely to be the result of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. When investigating hypoglycaemia of infancy this possibility should be considered.

 PMID:10799433

Identifying and assessing the substance-exposed infant.

PubMed

Clark, Lisa; Rohan, Annie

2015-01-01

As the rate of opioid prescription grows, so does fetal exposure to opioids during pregnancy. With increasing fetal exposure to both prescription and nonprescription drugs, there has been a concurrent increase in identification of Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS) and adaptation difficulties after birth. In addition, extended use of opioids, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines in neonatal intensive care has resulted in iatrogenic withdrawal syndromes. There is a lack of evidence to support the use of any one specific evaluation strategy to identify NWS. Clinicians caring for infants must use a multimethod approach to diagnosis, including interview and toxicology screening. Signs of NWS are widely variable, and reflect dysfunction in autonomic regulation, state control, and sensory and motor functioning. Several assessment tools have been developed for assessing severity of withdrawal in term neonates. These tools assist in determining need and duration of pharmacologic therapy and help in titration of these therapies. Considerable variability exists in the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to affected babies across settings. An evidence-based protocol for identification, evaluation, and management of NWS should be in place in every nursery. This article provides an overview of identification and assessment considerations for providers who care for babies at risk for or who are experiencing alterations in state, behavior, and responses after prenatal or iatrogenic exposure to agents associated with the spectrum of withdrawal.

[The determination of pulmonary phospholipids in the gastric contents for an assessment of the respiratory distress syndrome].

PubMed

Cano-González, R; Udaeta-Mora, E; Sosa-Ceja, R; Fernández-Carrocera, L

1992-06-01

Since hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm newborns, we decided to evaluate the utility of pulmonary phospholipid (PP) determination in gastric aspirate for confirmatory diagnosis. For that purpose we studied 31 preterm and 30 term babies and compared the results between them and PP in gastric aspirate and amniotic fluid from their mothers. All the term newborns were normal, with mean weight of 3,221, and 39 weeks of gestational age; the results of phosphatidyl inositol (PI) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) were positive. The premature babies had a mean weight of 2,424 g and 35 weeks of gestational age. Thirteen had respiratory distress, 4 transient tachypnea and 9 HMD. In this group the babies with PI present and PG absent developed respiratory distress without HMD. The test had sensibility of 69% and specificity of 100%, and in patients without PG and PI the sensibility and specificity was 100%. We concluded that this test has enough sensibility and specificity for the confirmation of HMD in gastric aspirate when the PI and PG are not present.

Abusive head trauma in children: a literature review.

PubMed

Lopes, Nahara R L; Eisenstein, Evelyn; Williams, Lúcia C A

2013-01-01

To review the scientific literature on pediatric abusive head trauma as a form of physical abuse against infants and young children, highlighting the prevalence, signs and symptoms, consequences, risk factors for its occurrence, and prevention strategies. The MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed, using the terms "shaken baby syndrome" and "abusive head trauma" in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Pediatric abusive head trauma is defined as injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a infant or child younger than 5 years due to intentional abrupt impact and/or violent shaking. It occurs mainly in infants and children under 1 year of age, and may result in severe consequences, from physical or mental disabilities to death. Although there are specific signs for this form of abuse, they can be mistaken for common illnesses in children or accidental head injury; thus, clinical training of professionals involved in the assessment of cases to attain the correct diagnosis is crucial. Prevention strategies should include early identification of cases, as well as parental education on child development, especially on the infant's crying pattern. Considering the severity of abusive head trauma in children, it is critical that prevention strategies be implemented and evaluated in the Brazilian context. It is suggested that its incidence indicators be assessed at the national level. Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Pregnancy following laparoscopic ovarian drilling for clomiphene resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome.

PubMed

Ikechebelu, J I; Mbamara, S U; Okeke, C A F

2010-06-01

We present a case of a 29 year old nulliparous woman with clomiphene resistance polycystic ovarian syndrome. She had a successful laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in a private fertility centre in Nnewi Southeast Nigeria. She achieved a pregnancy four months later following clomiphene citrate ovulation induction. The pregnancy was complicated with 1st trimester threatened abortion, pre-term PROM and later pre-term labour at 34 weeks gestation with breech presentation. She had a successful caesarean delivery of a 1.75 kg life female baby that was nursed in the incubator for 2 weeks before discharge. This is the first reported successful LOD in Southeast Nigeria with good pregnancy outcome.

Ventriculomegaly in very-low-birthweight infants with Down syndrome.

PubMed

Movsas, Tammy Z; Spitzer, Alan R; Gewolb, Ira H

2016-11-01

The prevalence of Down syndrome in infants with fetal ventriculomegaly is 5% to 10%; however, the converse, the prevalence of cerebral ventriculomegaly in live-born infants with Down syndrome, is not well established. Because cranial ultrasounds are performed on most very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants (birthweight <1500g), our aim was to examine ultrasound abnormalities of VLBW infants to determine prevalence of ventriculomegaly and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in VLBW infants with Down syndrome, and whether VLBW infants with Down syndrome are at higher risk for cranial ultrasound abnormalities, compared with the already elevated risk in other VLBW infants. This study comprised retrospective analysis of data from Pediatrix BabySteps Clinical Data Warehouse. The study population consisted of 121 736 VLBW infants (61 869 males, 59 867 females), born between 1996 and 2013, of whom 441 had Down syndrome (233 males, 208 females; mean gestational age 30wks, standard deviation [SD] 2.8wks). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds of ventriculomegaly and IVH for Down syndrome. Prevalence of ventriculomegaly in Down syndrome was 5.2% compared with 0.8% in other VLBW infants. Multivariate analysis indicated 5.8× odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-9.7) of ventriculomegaly in Down syndrome and 0.9× odds (95% CI 0.7-1.1) of IVH for Down syndrome. Very preterm infants with Down syndrome are at increased risk for ventriculomegaly (but not for IVH) compared with other infants born very preterm. © 2016 Mac Keith Press.

Dandy Walker Syndrome with Tessier 7 Cleft-a Rare Case Report and a Surgical Note on the Use of Vermilion Flap and Lazy W-Plasty.

PubMed

Dhupar, Vikas; Kumar, Praveen; Akkara, Francis; Kumar, Ananth

2012-09-01

The Dandy-Walker syndrome is a malformation of the brain that involves the mal-development of the cerebellum, associated with a cystic enlargement of this area, and frequently hydrocephalus. This malformation occurs in ~1 in 30,000 babies. It is seen mostly in females. Developmental anomalies like cleft lip, cleft palate, and cardiac malformation, orthopaedic and urinary structural abnormalities may also occur in 30% of the individuals. We report a case of Dandy Walker syndrome with Tessier 7 facial cleft with paramedian cleft palate in a 6 month old child. Surgical methods used to correct this anomaly include commissuroplasty, myoplasty of the orbicularis oris, and closure of the cleft cheek. Authors report a vermilion square flap technique that combines a lower lip mucocutaneous vermilion border flap with a lazy W-plasty to ensure a natural commissure and skin closure.

Down syndrome detection from facial photographs using machine learning techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Qian; Rosenbaum, Kenneth; Sze, Raymond; Zand, Dina; Summar, Marshall; Linguraru, Marius George

2013-02-01

Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition; one in every 691 babies in United States is born with it. Patients with Down syndrome have an increased risk for heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems and the early detection of the syndrome is fundamental for managing the disease. Clinically, facial appearance is an important indicator in diagnosing Down syndrome and it paves the way for computer-aided diagnosis based on facial image analysis. In this study, we propose a novel method to detect Down syndrome using photography for computer-assisted image-based facial dysmorphology. Geometric features based on facial anatomical landmarks, local texture features based on the Contourlet transform and local binary pattern are investigated to represent facial characteristics. Then a support vector machine classifier is used to discriminate normal and abnormal cases; accuracy, precision and recall are used to evaluate the method. The comparison among the geometric, local texture and combined features was performed using the leave-one-out validation. Our method achieved 97.92% accuracy with high precision and recall for the combined features; the detection results were higher than using only geometric or texture features. The promising results indicate that our method has the potential for automated assessment for Down syndrome from simple, noninvasive imaging data.

AIDS and Young Children: Emerging Issues. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. Hearing Held in Berkeley, California.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families.

This field hearing in Berkeley, California examined: (1) the increasing incidence of babies born with, or at risk of contracting, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); (2) the ability of health and social service systems to care for AIDS-infected infants and children and their families; and (3) prevention efforts to reduce the spread of…

[Infant botulism].

PubMed

Falk, Absalom; Afriat, Amichay; Hubary, Yechiel; Herzog, Lior; Eisenkraft, Arik

2014-01-01

Infant botulism is a paralytic syndrome which manifests as a result of ingesting spores of the toxin secreting bacterium Clostridium botulinum by infants. As opposed to botulism in adults, treating infant botulism with horse antiserum was not approved due to several safety issues. This restriction has led to the development of Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV; sells under BabyBIG). In this article we review infant botulism and the advantages of treating it with BIG-IV.

Nasal CPAP and preterm bradycardia: cause or cure.

PubMed

MacLaren, Andrew Torrance; Peters, Colin; MacDonald, Peter D

2014-05-23

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is widely used for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and apnoea of prematurity. Complications related to fixation devices have been well documented. We report a clinically well preterm baby suffering intermittent, profound episodes of bradycardia without any prior associated apnoea or desaturation. We believe these episodes were due to the oculocardiac reflex related to orbital compression from the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) fixation straps. Bradycardia was replicated by gentle ocular compression and the episodes resolved after repositioning the CPAP straps. Vagal overstimulation has previously been reported in preterm babies but we believe this to be the first case in which pressure from CPAP strapping has been reported to trigger bradycardia. However, we suspect that similar cases could easily go unrecognised. Careful positioning of CPAP securing straps may prevent accidental vagal overstimulation contributing to episodic bradycardia. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

The trisomy 18 syndrome

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

The trisomy 18 syndrome, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a common chromosomal disorder due to the presence of an extra chromosome 18, either full, mosaic trisomy, or partial trisomy 18q. The condition is the second most common autosomal trisomy syndrome after trisomy 21. The live born prevalence is estimated as 1/6,000-1/8,000, but the overall prevalence is higher (1/2500-1/2600) due to the high frequency of fetal loss and pregnancy termination after prenatal diagnosis. The prevalence of trisomy 18 rises with the increasing maternal age. The recurrence risk for a family with a child with full trisomy 18 is about 1%. Currently most cases of trisomy 18 are prenatally diagnosed, based on screening by maternal age, maternal serum marker screening, or detection of sonographic abnormalities (e.g., increased nuchal translucency thickness, growth retardation, choroid plexus cyst, overlapping of fingers, and congenital heart defects ). The recognizable syndrome pattern consists of major and minor anomalies, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, an increased risk of neonatal and infant mortality, and marked psychomotor and cognitive disability. Typical minor anomalies include characteristic craniofacial features, clenched fist with overriding fingers, small fingernails, underdeveloped thumbs, and short sternum. The presence of major malformations is common, and the most frequent are heart and kidney anomalies. Feeding problems occur consistently and may require enteral nutrition. Despite the well known infant mortality, approximately 50% of babies with trisomy 18 live longer than 1 week and about 5-10% of children beyond the first year. The major causes of death include central apnea, cardiac failure due to cardiac malformations, respiratory insufficiency due to hypoventilation, aspiration, or upper airway obstruction and, likely, the combination of these and other factors (including decisions regarding aggressive care). Upper airway obstruction is likely more common than previously realized and should be investigated when full care is opted by the family and medical team. The complexity and the severity of the clinical presentation at birth and the high neonatal and infant mortality make the perinatal and neonatal management of babies with trisomy 18 particularly challenging, controversial, and unique among multiple congenital anomaly syndromes. Health supervision should be diligent, especially in the first 12 months of life, and can require multiple pediatric and specialist evaluations. PMID:23088440

Genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes of neural tube defects.

PubMed

Seidahmed, Mohammed Z; Abdelbasit, Omer B; Shaheed, Meeralebbae M; Alhussein, Khalid A; Miqdad, Abeer M; Samadi, Abdulmohsen S; Khalil, Mohammed I; Al-Mardawi, Elham; Salih, Mustafa A

2014-12-01

To ascertain the incidence, and describe the various forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) due to genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the medical records of newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with NTDs and their mothers spanning 14 years (1996-2009) at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cases were ascertained by a perinatologist, neonatologist, geneticist, radiologist, and neurologist. The literature was reviewed via a MEDLINE search. Only liveborn babies were included. Permission from the Educational Committee at the Security Forces Hospital was obtained prior to the collection of data. Out of 103 infants with NTDs admitted during this period, 20 (19.4%) were found to have an underlying genetic syndromic, chromosomal and/or other anomalies. There were 5 cases of Meckel-Gruber syndrome, 2 Joubert syndrome, one Waardenburg syndrome, one Walker-Warburg syndrome, 2 chromosomal disorders, 2 caudal regression, one amniotic band disruption sequence, one associated with omphalocele, one with diaphragmatic hernia, and 4 with multiple congenital anomalies. There is a high rate of underlying genetic syndromic and/or chromosomal causes of NTDs in the Saudi Arabian population due to the high consanguinity rate. Identification of such association can lead to more accurate provisions of genetic counseling to the family including preimplantation genetic diagnosis or early termination of pregnancies associated with lethal conditions.

Genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes of neural tube defects

PubMed Central

Seidahmed, Mohammed Z.; Abdelbasit, Omer B.; Shaheed, Meeralebbae M.; Alhussein, Khalid A.; Miqdad, Abeer M.; Samadi, Abdulmohsen S.; Khalil, Mohammed I.; Al-Mardawi, Elham; Salih, Mustafa A.

2014-01-01

Objective: To ascertain the incidence, and describe the various forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) due to genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes. Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the medical records of newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with NTDs and their mothers spanning 14 years (1996-2009) at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cases were ascertained by a perinatologist, neonatologist, geneticist, radiologist, and neurologist. The literature was reviewed via a MEDLINE search. Only liveborn babies were included. Permission from the Educational Committee at the Security Forces Hospital was obtained prior to the collection of data. Results: Out of 103 infants with NTDs admitted during this period, 20 (19.4%) were found to have an underlying genetic syndromic, chromosomal and/or other anomalies. There were 5 cases of Meckel-Gruber syndrome, 2 Joubert syndrome, one Waardenburg syndrome, one Walker-Warburg syndrome, 2 chromosomal disorders, 2 caudal regression, one amniotic band disruption sequence, one associated with omphalocele, one with diaphragmatic hernia, and 4 with multiple congenital anomalies. Conclusions: There is a high rate of underlying genetic syndromic and/or chromosomal causes of NTDs in the Saudi Arabian population due to the high consanguinity rate. Identification of such association can lead to more accurate provisions of genetic counseling to the family including preimplantation genetic diagnosis or early termination of pregnancies associated with lethal conditions. PMID:25551112

Donohue syndrome and use of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump therapy.

PubMed

Huggard, Dean; Stack, Tom; Satas, Saulius; Gorman, Clodagh O

2015-10-27

Donohue syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by severe loss-of-function mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. The diagnosis is made on clinical, biochemical and genetic grounds. Mutations are found on chromosome 19p13.2, and code for mutations in the INSR gene. Treatment is challenging and often unsuccessful, and relies on maintaining normoglycaemia and avoiding fasting; in some patients, recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF-1) has been trialled. The prognosis is poor, with most babies dying in infancy. Ethically, it is important to consider the benefit versus burden of treatment, the quality of life of the surviving patient and the parents' wishes, when making decisions regarding withholding or withdrawing care. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

A harmful traditional practice in newborns with adrenocorticotropic hormone resistance syndrome: branding.

PubMed

Baştuğ, Osman; Korkmaz, Levent; Korkut, Sabriye; Halis, Hülya; Güneş, Tamer; Kurtoğlu, Selim

2016-12-01

Branding refers to a traditional practice of creating 'therapeutic' burns with hot iron rods over the skin in order to treat various diseases. Although branding is a harmful practice for the body, it has been used for various illnesses including physiologic jaundice in newborns, pneumonia, and convulsions. It causes serious morbidity and delays seeking proper medical care in neonates. Innovations of modern medicine and the use of evidence-based medicine should be preferred instead of these traditional practices. We present a branded mature newborn baby who was diagnosed as having adrenocorticotropic hormone resistance syndrome. This problem is very rare in Turkey; however, it is a very important health issue and has social aspects. Therefore, this case is presented to increase awareness.

Telemetry as a new concept in long term monitoring of SIDS-risk infant.

PubMed

Aly, A F; Afchine, D; Esser, P; Joos, M; Niewerth, H J; Wiater, A; Meier, M; Padeken, D; Pericas, A; Schwartmann, D; Weber, T; Wendrix, V; Wirtz, M

2000-01-26

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the most frequent cause of infant death within the period of 2 to 12 months in western countries. It has been found that a suit similar to that worn by the astronauts during the execution of experiments on the Spacelab Mission D-2 is a very simple and useful means to carry the sensors required to monitor vital signs of babies at risk. A small baby-suit has been developed with the same technology used for the Spacelab Mission. The baby s suit is equipped with similar sensors to record thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements as its big -space travel brother-. This is a typical example of a successful technology transfer from medical aerospace activities into fields of daily clinical routine. In addition to the above described sensors, ECG-electrodes were integrated, as well as sensors to record vascular oxygen saturation and the corresponding pulse curve, and the baby s movements. All these vital signs are registered by a medical monitor, and permanently stored and automatically analysed online. In case of a life-threatening situation the system alerts simultaneously the personal at hospital and the parents at home. The requisite software algorithms have been developed by DLR in Cooperation with the pediatricians of the Pediatric Hospital in Köln-Porz, Cologne. When the system registers an alteration of the parameters above described -as a signal of a change in the baby s health condition- all vital signs are transfered in real-time to the supervising hospital via radio data transmission devices, mobile phone or a fixed network phone. The parents are also alerted by the device, and they can carry out the necessary reanimation procedures in case of an emergency. Parents will be trained in such actions when newborns must to be monitored. But nevertheless, they are guided and tele-assisted by an expert via telephone during the action. A clinical field trial, that will start in December 1999 at the Pediatric Hospital in Köln-Porz, Cologne, will evaluate the benefits of teleprotection by home monitoring of SIDS risk-babies.

Cushing disease with pregnancy.

PubMed

Gopal, Raju A; Acharya, Shrikrishna V; Bandgar, Tushar R; Menon, Padma S; Shah, Nalini S

2012-07-01

Pregnancy occurs rarely in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) due to hypercortisolism. So far, about 150 cases of CS in pregnancy have been reported in the literature. We describe a 22-year-old female who presented in pregnancy with clinical features of CS. She delivered at 34 weeks of gestation and baby had transient adrenal insufficiency in the neonatal period. Mother underwent transsphenoidal surgery 1 year postpartum and on follow up she is under remission. Neonatal hypoadrenalism should be anticipated in maternal CS.

Developing an Animal Counting Game in Second Life for a Young Adult with Down Syndrome.

PubMed

Boleracki, Miklós; Farkas, Ferenc; Meszely, Attila; Szikszai, Zoltan; Sik Lányi, Cecilia

2015-01-01

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of all or part of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and is the most common genetic cause of significant intellectual disability. It is the most common chromosome abnormality in humans, occurring in about one per 1000 babies born each year. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability [1]. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this varies widely [2]. The purpose of this study is to create a tool in the virtual world Second Life [3] to develop basic counting skills for young adults with Down syndrome. Following an international literature review, our project explored and used pre-programmed equipment, Linden Scripting Language, tables and intellectual interfaces with educational intentions. The study suggests that the product will not only aid the development of counting skills for young adults with Down syndrome, but will also create an entertaining environment for all visitors, furthermore promoting imagination and motivation within a virtual community.

Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: incidence, complications, and perinatal outcomes at a low-resource setting, Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

PubMed

Ngwenya, Solwayo

2017-01-01

Severe preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and significant proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation. Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia have considerable adverse impacts on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health especially in low-resource countries. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the third leading cause of maternal deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. Significant avoidable maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality may result. This study aimed 1) to determine the incidence of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia in a low-resource setting; 2) to determine the maternal complications of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia in a low-resource setting; 3) to determine the perinatal outcomes of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia in a low-resource setting. This was a retrospective descriptive cohort study carried out at Mpilo Central Hospital, a tertiary teaching referral government hospital in a low-resource setting in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Data were obtained from the birth registers in labor ward, intensive care unit, and neonatal intensive care unit of patients who had a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia or eclampsia for the period January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The case notes were retrieved and the demographic, clinical, and outcome data were gathered. There were 9,086 deliveries at the institution during the period January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. There were 121 cases of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. The incidence of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia was 1.3% at Mpilo Central Hospital. The most common major complication was HELLP syndrome (9.1%). Maternal mortality was 1.7%. There were 127 babies born with six sets of twins, 49.6% of the babies were lost through stillbirths and early neonatal deaths. The incidence of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia at Mpilo Central Hospital was 1.3%. The most common maternal complication was hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelet syndrome. Maternal mortality was 1.7% due to acute renal failure. Nearly half (49.6%) of the babies born were lost to stillbirths and early neonatal deaths.

Neonatal morbidity and mortality in Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Abdul Kader, H

1983-12-01

Neonatal morbidity and mortality in Peninsular Malaysia are still major heath problems. Although there has been steady decline in neonatal mortality over the years since 1955, the rate of decline has been encouragingly more rapid over the most recent period studies, e.g. 1975-1980. As a component of infant deaths, the proportion of early neonatal deaths has increased from 20.7% in 1955 to 50.6% in 1980. The incidence of low birth weight is about 10.5 to 11%, although this too shows signs of gradually decreasing. More than 1/3 of the babies born did not have their birth weights recorded. Those not recorded are assumed to be those babies delivered at home by traditional birth attendants. Mortality rates decreased with increasing birth weights. Low birth weights are high among Indian and Malay communities in Ma.laysia and these groups also have higher neonatal mortality rates compared to the Chinese for the same time period. Low birth weight babies are born more frequently to mothers 15-24 years of age independent of ethnic background. First borns tend to be more frequently of low birth weight among all 3 ethnic groups. Principal causes of death are difficult to assess because of the scarcity of a standardized classification of these deaths; consented autopsies are difficult to obtain and the services of perinatal pathologists are not available. In addition, approximately 45% of the deaths are non-medically inspected or certified. The clinical classification of neonatal deaths used at the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, indicate that asphyxia, surfactant deficiency disease (respiratory distress syndrome) and bacterial sepsis are responsible for about 70% of the total neonatal deaths; meconium aspiration syndrome accounted for another 8-9%. Although data relating to neonatal mortality is not optimal in Malaysia, there is enough to suggest that new strategies are needed to improve maternity and newborn care.

[Evaluation of the women's knowledge about Fetal Tobacco Syndrome].

PubMed

Wolska, Agata

2004-01-01

Smoking is still a common habit in Poland. Nowadays, it is the way of coping with stress, it is used to become calm or more alert. It is also widely accepted by people from various backgrounds. Unfortunately, the number of young women--tobacco addicts is increasing. Smoking before and during pregnancy has bad effects on women and their children as well. First discoveries of negative influence of smoking observed lesser birth weight of the babies whose mothers were smokers, compared with the babies whose mothers were non-smokers (Simpson 1957). He proved in his research that the more the mother smokes the lesser the birth weight of her baby is, and it doesn't depend on the woman's age, weight, height or gynecological past. Pregnant women who smoke more often suffer from such consequences as: bleeding during pregnancy, placenta abruption, placenta previa, premature rupture of membranes. The fetus death rate after the twentieth week of pregnancy is much higher among smoking women than non-smoking ones. Lower fertility and conception difficulties are also consequences of smoking. Therefore, the education of girls and women in the period before they plan having children is very important. The mother and child's health depends exclusively on the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of future parents.

[The benefits of breastfeeding and associated risks of replacement with baby formulas].

PubMed

Brahm, Paulina; Valdés, Verónica

2017-02-01

Breastfeeding is the nourishment designed by nature for the newborn and the infant; however its prevalence is nowadays not optimal. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence of the benefits of breastfeeding for children and society, and to elaborate the risks associated with the replacement of lactation with baby formulas. Breastfeeding is a protective factor for several infectious, atopic, and cardiovascular diseases as well as for leukaemia, necrotising enterocolitis, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. It also has a positive impact on neurodevelopment, improving IQ and reducing the risk of attention deficit disorder, and generalised developmental and behavioural disorders. Lactation can decrease the risk of sudden infant deaths syndrome by 36% and prevent 13% of infant mortality worldwide. Breastfeeding result in direct saving on the use of infant formulas and bottles, and indirectly on associated health costs, premature deaths, and quality-adjusted life years, among others. In addition, breastfeeding is environmentally friendly; it does not leave an ecological footprint in its production and consumption. The use of baby formulas and bottles have inherent risks, because they increase the risk of oral diseases, such as mouth breathing, malocclusion, alteration of bite, and tooth decay. Finally, the intestinal microbiota, oxygenation, and thermoregulation of infants are negatively affected by their use.

Birth characteristics of women with Marfan syndrome, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of their pregnancies-A nationwide cohort and case-control study.

PubMed

Kernell, Kristina; Sydsjö, Gunilla; Bladh, Marie; Josefsson, Ann

2017-08-01

The aim was to investigate birth characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of the first childbirth in women with Marfan syndrome by use of Swedish national registers since pregnancy-related outcomes in women with Marfan syndrome have only been sparsely investigated. In this national population-based cohort study and matched case-control study of Swedish women born 1973-1993, women with Marfan syndrome (n=273) were compared to women without the condition (n=1 017 265). The study population was followed until 2013. A total of 364 553 mother-firstborn-offspring pairs were analyzed. Sixty-one women with Marfan syndrome became mothers. Women with Marfan syndrome were also compared to 543 healthy controls. Women with Marfan syndrome were more often born preterm (p<0.001), small-for-gestational age (p<0.001), and delivered by cesarean section (p=0.001). Women with Marfan syndrome had no increased risk of giving birth by cesarean section (p=0.079). No increased neonatal risks in their children were found. Women with Marfan syndrome were less likely to give birth than those without (p<0.001). There were no maternal deaths. Women with Marfan syndrome were more likely to be born preterm, SGA and by cesarean section. These increased risks of preterm birth and SGA babies were not found in connection with their own first childbirth. Pregnancies with known fetal Marfan syndrome have to be carefully monitored. The results are important for obstetricians giving preconception counseling and treating women with Marfan syndrome. Further studies are needed to evaluate risks during pregnancy and long-term effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular status of women with Marfan syndrome. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers.

PubMed

Barr, Ronald G

2012-10-16

Head trauma from abuse, including shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating and potentially lethal form of infant physical abuse first recognized in the early 1970s. What has been less recognized is the role of the early increase in crying in otherwise normal infants in the first few months of life as a trigger for the abuse. In part, this is because infant crying, especially prolonged unsoothable crying, has been interpreted clinically as something wrong with the infant, the infant's caregiver, or the interactions between them. Here, we review an alternative developmental interpretation, namely, that the early increase in crying is a typical behavioral development in normal infants and usually does not reflect anything wrong or abnormal. We also review evidence indicating that this normal crying pattern is the most common trigger for abusive head trauma (AHT). Together, these findings point to a conceptualization of AHT as the consequence of a failure in an otherwise common, iterative, and developmentally normal infant-caregiver interaction. They also imply that there is a window of opportunity for prevention of AHT, and potentially other forms of infant abuse, through a public health primary universal prevention strategy aimed at changing knowledge and behaviors of caregivers and society in general concerning normal development of infants and the significance of early increased infant crying. If effective, there may be important implications for prevention of infant abuse nationally and internationally.

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers

PubMed Central

Barr, Ronald G.

2012-01-01

Head trauma from abuse, including shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating and potentially lethal form of infant physical abuse first recognized in the early 1970s. What has been less recognized is the role of the early increase in crying in otherwise normal infants in the first few months of life as a trigger for the abuse. In part, this is because infant crying, especially prolonged unsoothable crying, has been interpreted clinically as something wrong with the infant, the infant’s caregiver, or the interactions between them. Here, we review an alternative developmental interpretation, namely, that the early increase in crying is a typical behavioral development in normal infants and usually does not reflect anything wrong or abnormal. We also review evidence indicating that this normal crying pattern is the most common trigger for abusive head trauma (AHT). Together, these findings point to a conceptualization of AHT as the consequence of a failure in an otherwise common, iterative, and developmentally normal infant–caregiver interaction. They also imply that there is a window of opportunity for prevention of AHT, and potentially other forms of infant abuse, through a public health primary universal prevention strategy aimed at changing knowledge and behaviors of caregivers and society in general concerning normal development of infants and the significance of early increased infant crying. If effective, there may be important implications for prevention of infant abuse nationally and internationally. PMID:23045677

Born in Auschwitz and Survived: A Triumph Over Murderers.

PubMed

Weisz, George M; Kwiet, Konrad

2018-04-01

The discovery of Jewish babies who were born in Nazi concentration camps and survived seems miraculous, but this phenomenon did occur toward the end of World War II. The lives of a small group of mothers and surviving children are of both historical and medical interests. Their survival shows additional support for the hypothesis that maternal nutrition can induce metabolic syndrome and bone demineralization in their offspring. Information obtained through direct contact with some of the surviving children is the basis for this article.

Think Again: First Do No Harm: A Case of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.

PubMed

Yalndağ-Öztürk, Nilüfer; Erkek, Nilgün; Şirinoğlu, Melis Bayram

2015-10-01

Apparent life-threatening events caused by Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP) are rare but difficult to resolve medically. Failure to properly diagnose MSP can lead to further abuse by the caregiver and increase the risk of complications due to long hospital stays and invasive tests. In this paper, we describe our experiences with a baby who ended up being diagnosed with MSP, including our initial failure to find a pathology, delay of MSP diagnosis, our growing suspicion of MSP despite technical setbacks, our actions after we confirmed MSP as the cause of his hospitalizations. We also describe the difficulties of diagnosing MSP compared to more traditional problems and explain a series of precautions and guidelines to help detect it in a timely manner.

A harmful traditional practice in newborns with adrenocorticotropic hormone resistance syndrome: branding

PubMed Central

Baştuğ, Osman; Korkmaz, Levent; Korkut, Sabriye; Halis, Hülya; Güneş, Tamer; Kurtoğlu, Selim

2016-01-01

Branding refers to a traditional practice of creating ‘therapeutic’ burns with hot iron rods over the skin in order to treat various diseases. Although branding is a harmful practice for the body, it has been used for various illnesses including physiologic jaundice in newborns, pneumonia, and convulsions. It causes serious morbidity and delays seeking proper medical care in neonates. Innovations of modern medicine and the use of evidence-based medicine should be preferred instead of these traditional practices. We present a branded mature newborn baby who was diagnosed as having adrenocorticotropic hormone resistance syndrome. This problem is very rare in Turkey; however, it is a very important health issue and has social aspects. Therefore, this case is presented to increase awareness. PMID:28123337

Unexpected infant death due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a case report.

PubMed

Hayashizaki, Yoshie; Usui, Kiyotaka; Moriya, Takuya; Hashiyada, Masaki; Usui, Akihito; Hosokai, Yoshiyuki; Kawasumi, Yusuke; Saito, Haruo; Funayama, Masato

2011-11-01

A female infant was found unresponsive at home. The mother alleged that she delivered the baby at home 13 days prior to the death. The mother did not have any prenatal examinations during the pregnancy and the infant was not examined by a doctor until death. The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and the infant's chest showed bilateral breast enlargement. Forensic pathologists may encounter very rare pathological findings with unexpected infant deaths. Some, like HLHS, are serious congenital heart defects related to the cause of death, and others are unique phenomena unrelated to the cause of death such as breast swelling and discharge called "witch's milk." In this case, we observed both findings. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The crying sign: the winking umbilical cord

PubMed Central

Smith, Aisling M; Healy, David B; Ryan, C Anthony; Dempsey, Eugene M

2015-01-01

A preterm baby girl, born at 34 weeks gestation, with features of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome was noted to have a relatively large umbilical stump. No fetal abnormalities had been detected on anatomy scan at 28 weeks and only mild polyhydramnios and macrosomia were noted on a 32-week ultrasound scan. Although there was no obvious omphalocoele, clinical assessment of the umbilical cord revealed an abdominal wall defect through which bowel would protrude into the umbilicus when the infant was crying. In keeping with an abdominal wall defect α-fetoprotein was found to be elevated. Surgical consultation advised conservative management. Subsequently, detachment of the umbilical cord occurred 1 week postdischarge and a large umbilical hernia persists. Genetic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PMID:25820111

A Rare Disorder with Common Clinical Presentation: Neonatal Bartter Syndrome.

PubMed

Hussain, Shabbir; Tarar, Saba Haider; Al-Muhaizae, Muhammad

2015-04-01

Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubulopathy that presents with hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis associated with increased urinary loss of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride. There is hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronemia but normotension. A full term male neonate was referred at 20-day of age with features of sepsis and respiratory distress. He was evaluated and managed as case of septicemia with all supportive paraphernalia including mechanical ventilation. Investigations revealed electrolytes imbalance and metabolic alkalosis suggestive of Neonatal Bartter Syndrome (NBS). Raised aldosterone and renin levels confirmed the diagnosis. Electrolyte imbalance was corrected with fluids and indomethacin, treated successfully, discharged and parents counseled. He was thriving well at 9 months of age. Another 2 months old male baby presented with recurrent episodes of lethargy with dehydration and failure to gain weight. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of NBS. He was also successfully treated with same medication. We report these 2 cases because of the rarity of NBS, presentation of which may mimic common illnesses like sepsis and gastroenteritis.

A patient with congenital hyperlactataemia and Leigh syndrome: an uncommon mitochondrial variant.

PubMed

Ching, C K; Mak, Chloe M; Au, K M; Chan, K Y; Yuen, Y P; Yau, Eric K C; Ma, Louis C K; Chow, H L; Chan, Albert Y W

2013-08-01

We report an uncommon mitochondrial variant in a baby girl with congenital hyperlactataemia and Leigh syndrome. The patient presented with a single episode of generalised clonic convulsion at day 19, and was found to have isolated and persistent hyperlactataemia ranging from 3.34 to 9.26 mmol/L. She had elevated serum lactate-to-pyruvate ratios of up to 35 and high plasma alanine concentration, indicative of a respiratory chain defect. At the age of 8 months, she developed evolving neurological and imaging features compatible with Leigh syndrome. Genetic testing for common mitochondrial DNA mutations, large mitochondrial DNA deletions, and selected nuclear genes was negative. Further analysis of lymphocyte mitochondrial DNA by sequencing revealed an uncommon heteroplasmic variant, NC_012920.1(MT-ND5):m.13094T>C (p.Val253Ala), which was previously shown to reduce complex I activity. In patients in whom there was a high suspicion of mitochondrial disorder, entire mitochondrial DNA analysis may be warranted if initial screening of common mitochondrial DNA mutations is negative.

Clinical relevance of cytogenetics to pediatric practice. Postnatal findings of Patau syndrome - Review of 5 cases.

PubMed

Plaiasu, Vasilica; Ochiana, Diana; Motei, Gabriela; Anca, Ioana; Georgescu, Adrian

2010-07-01

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) is one of the most common chromosomal anomalies clinically characterized by the presence of numerous malformations with a limited survival rate for most cases. Babies are usually identified at birth and the diagnosis is confirmed with genetic testing. In this review we outline the clinical and cytogenetic aspects of trisomy 13 and associated phenotypes for 5 cases analyzed in the last 3 years, referred to our Clinical Genetics Department. For each child cytogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genetic variant; also, the patients were investigated for other associated malformations (cardiac, cerebral, renal, ocular anomalies). All 5 cases presented multiple malformations, including some but not all signs of the classical clinical triad suggestive of Patau syndrome. The cytogenetic investigation confirmed for each case the suspected diagnosis and also indicated the specific genetic variant, this being a valuable information for the genetic counselling of the families. The application of genetic analysis can increase diagnosis and prognosis accuracy and have an impact on clinical management.

Mathematics of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury.

PubMed

Rahaman, Ubaidur

2017-08-01

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) results from mechanical disruption of blood-gas barrier and consequent edema and releases of inflammatory mediators. A transpulmonary pressure (P L ) of 17 cmH 2 O increases baby lung volume to its anatomical limit, predisposing to VILI. Viscoelastic property of lung makes pulmonary mechanics time dependent so that stress (P L ) increases with respiratory rate. Alveolar inhomogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome acts as a stress riser, multiplying global stress at regional level experienced by baby lung. Limitation of stress (P L ) rather than strain (tidal volume [V T ]) is the safe strategy of mechanical ventilation to prevent VILI. Driving pressure is the noninvasive surrogate of lung strain, but its relations to P L is dependent on the chest wall compliance. Determinants of lung stress (V T , driving pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and inspiratory flow) can be quantified in terms of mechanical power, and a safe threshold can be determined, which can be used in decision-making between safe mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal lung support.

Women's Experiences of Preeclampsia: Australian Action on Preeclampsia Survey of Women and Their Confidants

PubMed Central

East, C.; Conway, K.; Pollock, W.; Frawley, N.; Brennecke, S.

2011-01-01

Introduction. The experience of normal pregnancy is often disrupted for women with preeclampsia (PE). Materials and Methods. Postal survey of the 112 members of the consumer group, Australian Action on Pre-Eclampsia (AAPEC). Results. Surveys were returned by 68 women (61% response rate) and from 64 (57%) partners, close relatives or friends. Respondents reported experiencing pre-eclampsia (n = 53), eclampsia (n = 5), and/or Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets (HELLP syndrome) (n = 26). Many women had no knowledge of PE prior to diagnosis (77%) and, once diagnosed, did not appreciate how serious or life threatening it was (50%). Women wanted access to information about PE. Their experience contributed substantial anxiety towards future pregnancies. Partners/friends/relatives expressed fear for the woman and/or her baby and had no prior understanding of PE. Conclusions. The PE experience had a substantial effect on women, their confidants, and their babies and affected their approach to future pregnancies. Access to information about PE was viewed as very important. PMID:21547089

A Randomized Trial Comparing Efficacy of Bubble and Ventilator Derived Nasal CPAP in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates with Respiratory Distress

PubMed Central

Agarwal, Sheetal; Roy, Mahesh K.; Verma, Ankit

2016-01-01

Introduction Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has an established role in the care of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) babies with respiratory distress. Bubble CPAP (BCPAP) is a cheap alternative for countries where resources are limited. However, data comparing efficacy of BCPAP with conventional ventilator derived (VCPAP) is limited. Aim To compare CPAP failure rates between BCPAP and VCPAP among VLBW, with moderate respiratory distress. Secondary objectives were to compare the rates of Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH), pulmonary air leaks and deaths between the two groups and determine the predictors of CPAP failure. Materials and Methods VLBW babies with moderate respiratory distress (Silverman Anderson score 4-7), born or admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) within 28 days of life were randomized to receive either BCPAP (n=34) or VCPAP (n=34). CPAP failure rate in both the groups was compared. Results The baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. Five out of 34 (14.70%) babies in BCPAP group and 11 out of 34 (32.35%) in VCPAP failed CPAP (p=0.08). IVH (BCPAP group 24% and VCPAP group 9%, p= 0.10) and mortality (BCPAP group 6% and VCPAP group 9%, p=0.642) were comparable in both the groups. Factors such as gestational age <30 weeks, weight <1000 grams, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), shock, pulmonary haemorrhage, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and multi-organ dysfunction were significantly associated with CPAP failure in our study. Conclusion The CPAP failure rates in VLBW babies with moderate respiratory distress were found to be similar whether bubble CPAP or ventilator CPAP was used. There was no difference in complication rates of IVH or mortality with either method of CPAP. PMID:27790540

Fetal growth in women with homozygous sickle cell disease: an observational study.

PubMed

Thame, Minerva M; Osmond, Clive; Serjeant, Graham R

2013-09-01

To assess fetal growth and whether lower birthweight to mothers with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is related to maternal body composition or to clinical events in pregnancy. A prospective study of 41 pregnant women with SS disease and 41 women with a normal (AA) phenotype attending the antenatal clinic, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Maternal anthropometry, body composition and fetal sonographic measurements were assessed at 15, 25, and 35 weeks' gestation from December 2005 to April 2008. Birth measurements were performed within 24h of delivery. Differences between maternal genotypes and between their offspring were assessed using 2-sample t-tests. Multiple linear regression was used to control for baby's gender and gestational age at delivery. Fetal growth was compared in SS mothers with and without admission for sickle-related complications including bone pain crisis, acute chest syndrome, pregnancy-induced hypertension and urinary tract infection. Mothers with SS disease had lower weight, body fat, fat mass and lean body mass throughout pregnancy but correlation with birth size did not reach statistical significance. Sonographically, babies of SS mothers had smaller abdominal circumference, femoral length and a lower estimated fetal weight at 35 weeks. Birth measurements confirm lower birthweight, crown-heel length and head circumference but the differences were no longer significant after adjustment for baby gender and gestational age at delivery. Bone pain crisis in pregnancy was associated with a significantly reduced crown-heel length at birth. Lower birthweight in babies of mothers with SS disease is largely the result of the lower gestational age. Fetal sonography showed no growth differences by maternal genotype until 35 weeks' gestation and a reduced crown-heel length in offspring of SS mothers was associated with bone pain crises in pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Efficacy of Bubble and Ventilator Derived Nasal CPAP in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates with Respiratory Distress.

PubMed

Agarwal, Sheetal; Maria, Arti; Roy, Mahesh K; Verma, Ankit

2016-09-01

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has an established role in the care of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) babies with respiratory distress. Bubble CPAP (BCPAP) is a cheap alternative for countries where resources are limited. However, data comparing efficacy of BCPAP with conventional ventilator derived (VCPAP) is limited. To compare CPAP failure rates between BCPAP and VCPAP among VLBW, with moderate respiratory distress. Secondary objectives were to compare the rates of Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH), pulmonary air leaks and deaths between the two groups and determine the predictors of CPAP failure. VLBW babies with moderate respiratory distress (Silverman Anderson score 4-7), born or admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) within 28 days of life were randomized to receive either BCPAP (n=34) or VCPAP (n=34). CPAP failure rate in both the groups was compared. The baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. Five out of 34 (14.70%) babies in BCPAP group and 11 out of 34 (32.35%) in VCPAP failed CPAP (p=0.08). IVH (BCPAP group 24% and VCPAP group 9%, p= 0.10) and mortality (BCPAP group 6% and VCPAP group 9%, p=0.642) were comparable in both the groups. Factors such as gestational age <30 weeks, weight <1000 grams, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), shock, pulmonary haemorrhage, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and multi-organ dysfunction were significantly associated with CPAP failure in our study. The CPAP failure rates in VLBW babies with moderate respiratory distress were found to be similar whether bubble CPAP or ventilator CPAP was used. There was no difference in complication rates of IVH or mortality with either method of CPAP.

"Serpentine-like syndrome"-A very rare multiple malformation syndrome characterised by brachioesophagus and vertebral anomalies.

PubMed

Beleza-Meireles, Ana; Steenhaut, Patricia; Hocq, Catheline; Clapuyt, Philippe; Bernard, Pierre; Debauche, Christian; Sznajer, Yves

2017-02-01

"Serpentine-like syndrome" is a severe and rare association of multiple congenital malformations, characterised by brachioesophagus, secondary intrathoracic stomach, and vertebral anomalies. Other associated anomalies have been described, such as malposition and herniation of abdominal organs. We report the natural history of a baby girl born at 29 weeks of gestation with intra uterine growth restriction, short neck, large rachischisis from cervical to thoracic spine, a very short oesophagus, thoracic stomach associated with a midline diaphragmatic hernia, malrotated gut and median cleft lip. Most of these anomalies were detected antenatally. Molecular karyotype was normal. She died at age 12 days. To our knowledge, the present patient represents the 8th report of a case of "Serpentine-like syndrome". Brachioesophagus and congenital vertebral anomalies, in particular rachischisis, are the cardinal features of this condition. All reported cases have been sporadic and the cause is still unknown. We believe that the specificity of the presentation as well as the similarities between available descriptions of patients suggests a common, yet to identify, molecular cause, possibly involving a developmental "toolkit"/homeobox gene or related pathways. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Protein-Losing Enteropathy as a Complication of the Ketogenic Diet.

PubMed

Ahn, Won Kee; Park, Soyoung; Kim, Heung Dong

2017-07-01

The ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for the patients with intractable epilepsy, however, the diet therapy can sometimes be discontinued by complications. Protein-losing enteropathy is a rarely reported serious complication of the ketogenic diet. We present a 16-month-old Down syndrome baby with protein-losing enteropathy during the ketogenic diet as a treatment for West syndrome. He suffered from diarrhea, general edema and hypoalbuminemia which were not controlled by conservative care for over 1 month. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and stool alpha-1 antitrypsin indicated protein-losing enteropathy. Related symptoms were relieved after cessation of the ketogenic diet. Unexplained hypoalbuminemia combined with edema and diarrhea during ketogenic suggests the possibility of protein-losing enteropathy, and proper evaluation is recommended in order to expeditiously detect it and to act accordingly. © Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2017.

Familial intra-areolar polythelia with mammary hypoplasia.

PubMed

Rintala, A; Norio, R

1982-01-01

Dysplastic divided nipples (intra-areolar polythelia) have been found bilaterally in a mother, her two daughters and one son. Two of the patients had mammary hypoplasia, one had unilateral hypoplasia of the pectoral muscle and duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter. The mammary findings are consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Whether they represent a new mammo-renal syndrome is uncertain. Reconstructive surgery was performed on two patients. Due to the deformity the mother was unable to nurse her children; following reconstructive surgery the daughter was able to feed her baby normally.

An analytic approach to resolving problems in medical ethics.

PubMed Central

Candee, D; Puka, B

1984-01-01

Education in ethics among practising professionals should provide a systematic procedure for resolving moral problems. A method for such decision-making is outlined using the two classical orientations in moral philosophy, teleology and deontology. Teleological views such as utilitarianism resolve moral dilemmas by calculating the excess of good over harm expected to be produced by each feasible alternative for action. The deontological view focuses on rights, duties, and principles of justice. Both methods are used to resolve the 1971 Johns Hopkins case of a baby born with Down's syndrome and duodenal atresia. PMID:6234395

Fulminant neurological deterioration in a neonate with Leigh syndrome due to a maternally transmitted missense mutation in the mitochondrial ND3 gene.

PubMed

Leshinsky-Silver, E; Lev, D; Tzofi-Berman, Z; Cohen, S; Saada, A; Yanoov-Sharav, M; Gilad, E; Lerman-Sagie, T

2005-08-26

Leigh syndrome can result from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA defects. Mutations in complex V genes of the respiratory chain were considered until recently as the most frequent cause for mitochondrial inherited Leigh syndrome, while gene defects in complex I were related to recessive Leigh syndrome. Recently few reports of mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded complex I subunit genes causing Leigh syndrome have been reported. We describe a 1-month-old baby who acutely deteriorated, with abrupt onset of brainstem dysfunction, due to basal ganglia lesions extending to the brainstem. A muscle biopsy demonstrated complex I deficiency. Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrial genome revealed a homoplastic T10191C mutation in the ND3 gene (in blood and muscle), resulting in a substitution of serine to proline. Hair root analysis revealed a 50% mutant load, reflecting heteroplasmy in early embryonic stages. The mutation was also detected in his mother (5%). Western blot analysis revealed a decrease of the 20 kDa subunit (likely ND6) and of the 30 kDa subunit (NDUFA9), which is probably due to instability attributed to the inability to form subcomplexes with ND3. This is the first description of infantile Leigh syndrome due to a maternally transmitted T10191C substitution in ND3 and not due to a de novo mutation. This mutation is age and tissue dependent and therefore may not be amenable to prenatal testing.

Educational paper: Abusive Head Trauma part I. Clinical aspects.

PubMed

Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn, Tessa; Boos, Stephen; Spivack, Betty; Bilo, Rob A C; van Rijn, Rick R

2012-03-01

Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) refers to the combination of findings formerly described as shaken baby syndrome. Although these findings can be caused by shaking, it has become clear that in many cases there may have been impact trauma as well. Therefore a less specific term has been adopted by the American Academy of Pediatrics. AHT is a relatively common cause of childhood neurotrauma with an estimated incidence of 14-40 cases per 100,000 children under the age of 1 year. About 15-23% of these children die within hours or days after the incident. Studies among AHT survivors demonstrate that approximately one-third of the children are severely disabled, one-third of them are moderately disabled and one-third have no or only mild symptoms. Other publications suggest that neurological problems can occur after a symptom-free interval and that half of these children have IQs below the 10th percentile. Clinical findings are depending on the definitions used, but AHT should be considered in all children with neurological signs and symptoms especially if no or only mild trauma is described. Subdural haematomas are the most reported finding. The only feature that has been identified discriminating AHT from accidental injury is apnoea. AHT should be approached with a structured approach, as in any other (potentially lethal) disease. The clinician can only establish this diagnosis if he/she has knowledge of the signs and symptoms of AHT, risk factors, the differential diagnosis and which additional investigations to perform, the more so since parents seldom will describe the true state of affairs spontaneously.

Dandy-Walker syndrome together with occipital encephalocele.

PubMed

Cakmak, A; Zeyrek, D; Cekin, A; Karazeybek, H

2008-08-01

Dandy-Walker malformation is an anomaly characterized by dysgenesis of the foramina of Magendie and Lushka in the upper 4(th) ventricle, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Encephalocele is diagnosed from the calvarium defect, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and herniation of the meninges. It is the rarest neural tube defect. A 7 x 9 cm encephalocele was found on physical examination of a 6-day old baby boy patient. From cranial magnetic resonance, it was seen that the posterior fossa was enlarged with cysts and there was agenesis of the vermis. A connection was established between the ventricle and the development of cysts on the posterior fossa. These findings were evaluated as significant from the aspect of Dandy-Walker malformation. The extension of the bone defect in the left occipital area towards the posterior, and the cranio-caudal diameter reaching 9 cm was seen to be in accordance with encephalocele. It is rare for Dandy-Walker syndrome to occur together with occipital encephalocele. The authors present a case of Dandy-Walker syndrome together with occipital encephalocele.

Clinical relevance of cytogenetics to pediatric practice. Postnatal findings of Patau syndrome – Review of 5 cases

PubMed Central

PLAIASU, Vasilica; OCHIANA, Diana; MOTEI, Gabriela; ANCA, Ioana; GEORGESCU, Adrian

2010-01-01

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) is one of the most common chromosomal anomalies clinically characterized by the presence of numerous malformations with a limited survival rate for most cases. Babies are usually identified at birth and the diagnosis is confirmed with genetic testing. Materials and methods: In this review we outline the clinical and cytogenetic aspects of trisomy 13 and associated phenotypes for 5 cases analyzed in the last 3 years, referred to our Clinical Genetics Department. For each child cytogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genetic variant; also, the patients were investigated for other associated malformations (cardiac, cerebral, renal, ocular anomalies). Discussion: All 5 cases presented multiple malformations, including some but not all signs of the classical clinical triad suggestive of Patau syndrome. The cytogenetic investigation confirmed for each case the suspected diagnosis and also indicated the specific genetic variant, this being a valuable information for the genetic counselling of the families. Conclusion: The application of genetic analysis can increase diagnosis and prognosis accuracy and have an impact on clinical management. PMID:21977150

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leshinsky-Silver, E.; Mitochondrial Disease Center, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon; E-mail: leshinsky@wolfson.health.gov.il

Leigh syndrome can result from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA defects. Mutations in complex V genes of the respiratory chain were considered until recently as the most frequent cause for mitochondrial inherited Leigh syndrome, while gene defects in complex I were related to recessive Leigh syndrome. Recently few reports of mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded complex I subunit genes causing Leigh syndrome have been reported. We describe a 1-month-old baby who acutely deteriorated, with abrupt onset of brainstem dysfunction, due to basal ganglia lesions extending to the brainstem. A muscle biopsy demonstrated complex I deficiency. Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrial genomemore » revealed a homoplastic T10191C mutation in the ND3 gene (in blood and muscle), resulting in a substitution of serine to proline. Hair root analysis revealed a 50% mutant load, reflecting heteroplasmy in early embryonic stages. The mutation was also detected in his mother (5%). Western blot analysis revealed a decrease of the 20 kDa subunit (likely ND6) and of the 30 kDa subunit (NDUFA9), which is probably due to instability attributed to the inability to form subcomplexes with ND3. This is the first description of infantile Leigh syndrome due to a maternally transmitted T10191C substitution in ND3 and not due to a de novo mutation. This mutation is age and tissue dependent and therefore may not be amenable to prenatal testing.« less

Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Respiratory Mechanics in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

PubMed

Henderson, William R; Chen, Lu; Amato, Marcelo B P; Brochard, Laurent J

2017-10-01

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a multifactorial lung injury that continues to be associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation, although lifesaving, is associated with new iatrogenic injury. Current best practice involves the use of small Vt, low plateau and driving pressures, and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. Collectively, these interventions are termed "lung-protective ventilation." Recent investigations suggest that individualized measurements of pulmonary mechanical variables rather than population-based ventilation prescriptions may be used to set the ventilator with the potential to improve outcomes beyond those achieved with standard lung protective ventilation. This review outlines the measurement and application of clinically applicable pulmonary mechanical concepts, such as plateau pressures, driving pressure, transpulmonary pressures, stress index, and measurement of strain. In addition, the concept of the "baby lung" and the utility of dynamic in addition to static measures of pulmonary mechanical variables are discussed.

Inflammatory peeling skin syndrome caused a novel mutation in CDSN.

PubMed

Telem, Dana Fuchs; Israeli, Shirli; Sarig, Ofer; Sprecher, Eli

2012-04-01

Generalized peeling skin syndrome (PSS) is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis manifesting with continuous exfoliation of the stratum corneum. The inflammatory (type B) subtype of PSS was recently found to be caused by deleterious mutations in the CDSN gene encoding corneodesmosin, a major component of desmosomal junctions in the uppermost layers of the epidermis. In the present study, we assessed a 10-month-old baby, who presented with generalized superficial peeling of the skin. Using PCR amplification and direct sequencing, we identified the third PSS-associated mutation in CDSN, a homozygous 4 bp duplication in the second exon of the gene (c.164_167dup GCCT; p.Thr57ProfsX6). These data further support the notion that corneodesmosin deficiency impairs cell-cell adhesion in the upper epidermis, paving the way for an abnormal inflammatory response due to epidermal barrier disruption.

Native American adolescents' views of fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in schools.

PubMed

Ma, G X; Toubbeh, J; Cline, J; Chisholm, A

1998-04-01

Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance among adolescents in the United States. Adolescent females are recognized as one group at risk for giving birth to babies with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Sixth through eighth grade Native Americans were surveyed about their attitudes toward and knowledge of FAS risk factors and prevention strategies. Data revealed that 52% of students drank alcohol prior to the survey. Though sexually active, students lacked knowledge about the relationship between alcohol and FAS. The study revealed 1) limited prevention programs in middle schools and 2) the most influential factor in determining attitudes and decisions about alcohol use was the immediate family. Students felt FAS prevention is an important topic in school health education, noting the important role peers play in teaching and role modeling. Various strategies incorporating music and communication technology such as videotape and computer-assisted interactive tools into prevention materials are discussed.

Cat eye syndrome.

PubMed

Sharma, Deepak; Murki, Srinivas; Pratap, Tejo; Vasikarla, Madhavi

2014-05-19

A full-term female baby, a product of non-consanguineous marriage, was born at 37 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2.08 kg. Antenatal scan at 31 weeks revealed complex congenital heart disease with a hypoplastic right ventricle, pulmonary atresia and an intact septum. Immediately after birth, the infant was shifted to the nursery and was started on intravenous fluids and infusion prostaglandin E1 (Alprostidil). On examination, she had microcephaly, periorbital puffiness, a long philtrum, a broad nasal bridge and retrognathia, up slanting palpebral fissures, widely spaced nipples, a sacral dimple and right upper limb postaxial polydactyly. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect with left to right shunt, right ventricle hypoplasia, pulmonary atresia with an intact septum and a large vertical patent ductus arteriosus. Ophthalmological examination showed a bilateral chorioretinal coloboma sparing disc and fovea. Karyotyping showed an extra small marker chromosome suggestive of the Cat eye syndrome. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

A B3GALT6 variant in patient originally described as Al-Gazali syndrome and implicating the endoplasmic reticulum quality control in the mechanism of some β3GalT6-pathy mutations.

PubMed

Ben-Mahmoud, A; Ben-Salem, S; Al-Sorkhy, M; John, A; Ali, B R; Al-Gazali, L

2018-06-01

Al-Gazali syndrome encompasses several clinical features including prenatal growth retardation, large joints contractures with camptodactyly, bilateral talipes equinovarus, small mouth, anterior segment anomalies of the eyes, and early lethality. Recently, a baby with features very similar to Al-Gazali syndrome was found to have compound heterozygous variants in B3GALT6. This gene encodes Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 6 (β3GalT6), an essential component of the glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathway. Pathogenic variants in B3GALT6 have also been shown to cause Ehlers-Danlos syndrome spondylodysplastic type (spEDS-B3GALT6) and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type I (SEMD-JL1). In 2017, a new international classification of EDS included these 2 conditions together with the child reported to have features similar to Al-Gazali syndrome under spondylodysplastic EDS (spEDS). We report a disease-causing variant c.618C > G, p.(Cys206Trp) in 1 patient originally described as Al-Gazali syndrome and reported in 1999. We evaluated the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, in the pathogenesis of 13 B3GALT6 variants. Retention in endoplasmic reticulum was evident in 6 of them while the c.618C > G, p.(Cys206Trp) and the other 6 variants trafficked normally. Our findings confirm the involvement of B3GALT6 in the pathogenesis of Al-Gazali syndrome and suggest that Al-Gazali syndrome represents the severe end of the spectrum of the phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in this gene. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

IGF-1 and insulin as growth hormones.

PubMed

Laron, Zvi

2004-01-01

IGF-1 generated in the liver is the anabolic effector and linear growth promoting hormone of the pituitary growth hormone (GH). This is evidenced by dwarfism in states of congenital IGF-1 deficiency, Igf1 gene mutation/deletions or knockouts, and in Laron syndrome (LS), due to GH receptor gene mutations/deletions or IGF-1 receptor blocking. In a positive way, daily IGF-1 administration to stunted patients with LS or hGH gene deletion accelerates linear growth velocity. IGF-1 acts on the proliferative cells of the epiphyseal cartilage. IGF-1 also induces organ and tissue growth; its absence causing organomicria. Insulin shares a common ancestry with IGF-1 and with 45% amino acid homology, as well as very close relationships in the structure of its receptors and post-receptor cascade, also acts as a growth hormone. It has protein anabolic activity and stimulates IGF-1 synthesis. Pancreas agenesis causes short babies, and obese children with hyperinsulinism, with or without pituitary GH, have an accelerated growth rate and skeletal maturation; so do babies with macrosomia. Whether the insulin growth effect is direct, or mediated by IGF-1 or leptin is controversial.

Presentation of obstructive left heart malformations in infancy.

PubMed Central

Abu-Harb, M; Wyllie, J; Hey, E; Richmond, S; Wren, C

1994-01-01

This study documents the presentation of acutely life threatening congenital heart disease in infancy in order to assess the performance of screening examinations soon after birth and at 6 weeks of age. All cases of obstructive left heart malformations presenting in infancy in one health region from 1987-91 were analysed retrospectively. Altogether, 120 infants presented with either hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interruption of the aortic arch, coarctation of the aorta, or aortic valve stenosis. Twelve became symptomatic or died within 24 hours. Thirty four had an abnormal neonatal examination, eight of whom were referred. Six more became symptomatic before discharge. Ninety four babies went home, 51 developed heart failure before 6 weeks, and another seven died without diagnosis. Twenty five of 36 (69%) reaching 6 weeks without diagnosis had a second examination which was abnormal in 17. Two babies died undiagnosed after 6 weeks and the other 18 presented at up to 11 months of age. The neonatal and 6 week examinations perform poorly as screening tests for congenital heart disease. A normal neonatal examination does not exclude life threatening congenital heart disease. Images PMID:7820713

Impact of hydroxyurea on clinical events in the BABY HUG trial

PubMed Central

Files, Beatrice A.; Luo, Zhaoyu; Miller, Scott T.; Kalpatthi, Ram; Iyer, Rathi; Seaman, Phillip; Lebensburger, Jeffrey; Alvarez, Ofelia; Thompson, Bruce; Ware, Russell E.; Wang, Winfred C.

2012-01-01

The Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase 3 Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) was a phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydroxyurea in infants (beginning at 9-18 months of age) with sickle cell anemia. An important secondary objective of this study was to compare clinical events between the hydroxyurea and placebo groups. One hundred and ninety-three subjects were randomized to hydroxyurea (20 mg/kg/d) or placebo; there were 374 patient-years of on-study observation. Hydroxyurea was associated with statistically significantly lower rates of initial and recurrent episodes of pain, dactylitis, acute chest syndrome, and hospitalization; even infants who were asymptomatic at enrollment had less dactylitis as well as fewer hospitalizations and transfusions if treated with hydroxyurea. Despite expected mild myelosuppression, hydroxyurea was not associated with an increased risk of bacteremia or serious infection. These data provide important safety and efficacy information for clinicians considering hydroxyurea therapy for very young children with sickle cell anemia. This clinical trial is registered with the National Institutes of Health (NCT00006400, www.clinicaltrials.gov). PMID:22915643

Infantile methemoglobinemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates.

PubMed

Avery, A A

1999-07-01

Ingestion of nitrates in drinking water has long been thought to be a primary cause of acquired infantile methemoglobinemia, often called blue baby syndrome. However, recent research and a review of historical cases offer a more complex picture of the causes of infantile methemoglobinemia. Gastrointestinal infection and inflammation and the ensuing overproduction of nitric oxide may be the cause of many cases of infantile methemoglobinemia previously attributed to drinking water nitrates. If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: Chest X-ray or lung ultrasound? A systematic review

PubMed Central

Culpan, Anne-Marie; Watts, Catriona; Munyombwe, Theresa; Wolstenhulme, Stephen

2017-01-01

Background and aim Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a leading cause of morbidity in preterm new-born babies (<37 weeks gestation age). The current diagnostic reference standard includes clinical testing and chest radiography with associated exposure to ionising radiation. The aim of this review was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound against the reference standard in symptomatic neonates of ≤42 weeks gestation age. Methods A systematic search of literature published between 1990 and 2016 identified 803 potentially relevant studies. Six studies met the review inclusion criteria and were retrieved for analysis. Quality assessment was performed before data extraction and meta-analysis. Results Four prospective cohort studies and two case control studies included 480 neonates. All studies were of moderate methodological quality although heterogeneity was evident across the studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound were 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94–99%) and 91% (CI: 86–95%) respectively. False positive diagnoses were made in 16 cases due to pneumonia (n = 8), transient tachypnoea (n = 3), pneumothorax (n = 1) and meconium aspiration syndrome (n = 1); the diagnoses of the remaining three false positive results were not specified. False negatives diagnoses occurred in nine cases, only two were specified as air-leak syndromes. Conclusions Lung ultrasound was highly sensitive for the detection of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome although there is potential to miss co-morbid air-leak syndromes. Further research into lung ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for neonatal air-leak syndrome and economic modelling for service integration is required before lung ultrasound can replace chest radiography as the imaging component of the reference standard. PMID:28567102

European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - 2016 Update.

PubMed

Sweet, David G; Carnielli, Virgilio; Greisen, Gorm; Hallman, Mikko; Ozek, Eren; Plavka, Richard; Saugstad, Ola Didrik; Simeoni, Umberto; Speer, Christian P; Vento, Máximo; Visser, Gerard H A; Halliday, Henry L

2017-01-01

Advances in the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ensure that clinicians must continue to revise current practice. We report the third update of the European Guidelines for the Management of RDS by a European panel of expert neonatologists including input from an expert perinatal obstetrician based on available literature up to the beginning of 2016. Optimizing the outcome for babies with RDS includes consideration of when to use antenatal steroids, and good obstetric practice includes methods of predicting the risk of preterm delivery and also consideration of whether transfer to a perinatal centre is necessary and safe. Methods for optimal delivery room management have become more evidence based, and protocols for lung protection, including initiation of continuous positive airway pressure and titration of oxygen, should be implemented from soon after birth. Surfactant replacement therapy is a crucial part of the management of RDS, and newer protocols for surfactant administration are aimed at avoiding exposure to mechanical ventilation, and there is more evidence of differences among various surfactants in clinical use. Newer methods of maintaining babies on non-invasive respiratory support have been developed and offer potential for greater comfort and less chronic lung disease. As technology for delivering mechanical ventilation improves, the risk of causing lung injury should decrease although minimizing the time spent on mechanical ventilation using caffeine and if necessary postnatal steroids are also important considerations. Protocols for optimizing the general care of infants with RDS are also essential with good temperature control, careful fluid and nutritional management, maintenance of perfusion and judicious use of antibiotics all being important determinants of best outcome. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Controversies in gestational diabetes.

PubMed

Nolan, Christopher J

2011-02-01

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and controversy are old friends. However, several major studies in the field have clarified some of the main issues. There is now no doubt that hyperglycaemia, at levels less than those that occur in overt diabetes, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as large-for-gestational age infants, neonatal hyperinsulinism, neonatal hypoglycaemia and pre-eclampsia. We also have evidence now that a standard approach to GDM with diagnosis at 24-28 weeks, dietary advice, self-monitoring of blood glucose and insulin therapy as needed reduces these adverse perinatal outcomes. Unknown, however, is if this same approach is effective at reducing long-term risks of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in both the mothers and babies. For example, could our management strategies miss critical time points of fuel-mediated injury to the foetus important for the baby's long-term metabolic health? The implications of a recent international consensus statement on new diagnostic criteria for GDM are discussed, as well as issues relating to the timing of diagnosis. The potential place for a risk calculator for adverse outcomes in GDM pregnancy that takes into account glycaemic and non-glycaemic risk factors is considered. Such a tool could help stratify GDM women to different levels of care. Ongoing issues relating to maternal glycaemic and foetal growth targets, and the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in GDM are discussed. To resolve some of the remaining controversies, further carefully designed randomised controlled trials in GDM with long-term follow-up of both mothers and babies are necessary. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Perinatal complications associated with autism--a case control study in a neurodevelopment and early intervention clinic.

PubMed

Nath, Saswati; Roy, Rita; Mukherjee, Suchandra

2012-08-01

Early and intensive intervention can have a profound impact on the quality of life for children at risk for autism. Hence a high degree of suspicion towards babies exposed to known risk factors is warranted. Previous studies have shown that different perinatal factors like antepartum bleeding, postmaturity, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, anaemia in early infancy and exposure to toxins of various origins makes an infant susceptible to development of autism; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders in later life.This study aims to find out the association of perinatal risk factors in relation to development of autism spectrum disorders. All babies who are at least three years of age, attending the neurodevelopment and early intervention clinic at SSKM Hospital at Kolkata taken as cases. Age matched controls were taken from general paediatric OPD of the same hospital. After history taking, physical and neurological examination, developmental maturity was assessed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). A semi-structured parent's questionnaire and the modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) was used to screen for autism. Diagnosis was confirmed by DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria. Significant correlation was found between presence of antepartum haemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension, preterm delivery and autism in the baby. Perinatal complications are important risk factor for autism. Knowing the risk factors will help clinicians to be aware of the avoidable complications, and to undertake either preventive steps or intense intervention to reduce the degree of disability.

Hydroxyurea is associated with lower costs of care of young children with sickle cell anemia.

PubMed

Wang, Winfred C; Oyeku, Suzette O; Luo, Zhaoyu; Boulet, Sheree L; Miller, Scott T; Casella, James F; Fish, Billie; Thompson, Bruce W; Grosse, Scott D

2013-10-01

In the BABY HUG trial, young children with sickle cell anemia randomized to receive hydroxyurea had fewer episodes of pain, hospitalization, and transfusions. With anticipated broader use of hydroxyurea in this population, we sought to estimate medical costs of care in treated versus untreated children. The BABY HUG database was used to compare inpatient events in subjects receiving hydroxyurea with those receiving placebo. Unit costs were estimated from the 2009 MarketScan Multi-state Medicaid Database for children with sickle cell disease, aged 1 to 3 years. Inpatient costs were based on length of hospital stay, modified by the occurrence of acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, or transfusion. Outpatient expenses were based on the schedule required for BABY HUG and a "standard" schedule for 1- to 3-year-olds with sickle cell anemia. There were 232 hospitalizations in the subjects receiving hydroxyurea and 324 in those on placebo; length of hospital stay was similar in the 2 groups. Estimated outpatient expenses were greater in those receiving hydroxyurea, but these were overshadowed by inpatient costs. The total estimated annual cost for those on hydroxyurea ($11 072) was 21% less than the cost of those on placebo ($13 962; P = .038). Savings on inpatient care resulted in a significantly lower overall estimated medical care cost for young children with sickle cell anemia who were receiving hydroxyurea compared with those receiving placebo. Because cost savings are likely to increase with age, these data provide additional support for broad use of hydroxyurea treatment in this population.

Hydroxyurea Is Associated With Lower Costs of Care of Young Children With Sickle Cell Anemia

PubMed Central

Oyeku, Suzette O.; Luo, Zhaoyu; Boulet, Sheree L.; Miller, Scott T.; Casella, James F.; Fish, Billie; Thompson, Bruce W.; Grosse, Scott D.

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the BABY HUG trial, young children with sickle cell anemia randomized to receive hydroxyurea had fewer episodes of pain, hospitalization, and transfusions. With anticipated broader use of hydroxyurea in this population, we sought to estimate medical costs of care in treated versus untreated children. METHODS: The BABY HUG database was used to compare inpatient events in subjects receiving hydroxyurea with those receiving placebo. Unit costs were estimated from the 2009 MarketScan Multi-state Medicaid Database for children with sickle cell disease, aged 1 to 3 years. Inpatient costs were based on length of hospital stay, modified by the occurrence of acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, or transfusion. Outpatient expenses were based on the schedule required for BABY HUG and a “standard” schedule for 1- to 3-year-olds with sickle cell anemia. RESULTS: There were 232 hospitalizations in the subjects receiving hydroxyurea and 324 in those on placebo; length of hospital stay was similar in the 2 groups. Estimated outpatient expenses were greater in those receiving hydroxyurea, but these were overshadowed by inpatient costs. The total estimated annual cost for those on hydroxyurea ($11 072) was 21% less than the cost of those on placebo ($13 962; P = .038). CONCLUSIONS: Savings on inpatient care resulted in a significantly lower overall estimated medical care cost for young children with sickle cell anemia who were receiving hydroxyurea compared with those receiving placebo. Because cost savings are likely to increase with age, these data provide additional support for broad use of hydroxyurea treatment in this population. PMID:23999955

A cohort study of neurodevelopmental outcome in children with DiGeorge syndrome following cardiac surgery.

PubMed

Maharasingam, M; Ostman-Smith, I; Pike, M G

2003-01-01

To examine whether the learning difficulties seen in a proportion of children with DGS are secondary to cardiac pathology and treatment, or a feature of the DGS phenotype. Cohort study of all patients with DGS and coexisting cardiac lesions within a region. Ten children with 22q11 deletion were assigned two controls each, matched for age, sex, cardiac lesion, and preoperative hemodynamic status but without DGS. The neurodevelopmental status was evaluated with the Ruth Griffiths test for babies and young children. Children with the 22q11 deletion showed a wide range of developmental quotient (DQ; mean 71, 95% CI 47 to 95) and subscale scores, but these as a group were significantly lower than those of the control group (DQ 113, 95% CI 108 to 118). Four of the DGS children had DQs below 60. Hypocalcaemia, prolonged postoperative ventilation, and abnormal neurology perioperatively were associated with a low DQ. A proportion of children with DGS have a very poor developmental outcome following cardiac surgery. This outcome is not attributable to the cardiac condition and its treatment alone, but represents either a pre-existing component of the syndrome or an interaction between the syndrome and its treatment.

Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy or delivery complications in China: a representative survey.

PubMed

Liu, Gangqiong; Li, Ling; Zhang, Jinying; Xue, Rui; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Zhu, Kui; Wang, Yunzhe; Xiao, Lili; Shangguan, Jiahong

2016-01-01

To perform a detailed epidemiological study of Chinese women and the relationship between restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy and any associated complications during delivery. A total of 3874 pregnant women (18-40 years) who had delivered babies at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2011 to May 2014 were enrolled in the study. Using a face-to-face interview questionnaire, data were collected pertaining to RLS incidence in pregnancy and any associated complications during delivery. The relationship between RLS frequency and pregnancy or delivery complications was further investigated. Among 12.3% of the eligible participants, RLS prevalence occurred at least weekly. Older pregnant women were more likely to suffer from RLS. Individuals who experienced RLS at least weekly reported a statistically higher frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness and an increased prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia compared with those without RLS. The study revealed that RLS was frequent in Chinese pregnant women, especially in those with pregnancy or delivery complications such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia. Restless legs syndrome was also associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Health behaviour modelling for prenatal diagnosis in Australia: a geodemographic framework for health service utilisation and policy development

PubMed Central

Muggli, Evelyne E; McCloskey, David; Halliday, Jane L

2006-01-01

Background Despite the wide availability of prenatal screening and diagnosis, a number of studies have reported no decrease in the rate of babies born with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to investigate the geodemographic characteristics of women who have prenatal diagnosis in Victoria, Australia, by applying a novel consumer behaviour modelling technique in the analysis of health data. Methods A descriptive analysis of data on all prenatal diagnostic tests, births (1998 and 2002) and births of babies with Down syndrome (1998 to 2002) was undertaken using a Geographic Information System and socioeconomic lifestyle segmentation classifications. Results Most metropolitan women in Victoria have average or above State average levels of uptake of prenatal diagnosis. Inner city women residing in high socioeconomic lifestyle segments who have high rates of prenatal diagnosis spend 20% more on specialist physician's fees when compared to those whose rates are average. Rates of prenatal diagnosis are generally low amongst women in rural Victoria, with the lowest rates observed in farming districts. Reasons for this are likely to be a combination of lack of access to services (remoteness) and individual opportunity (lack of transportation, low levels of support and income). However, there are additional reasons for low uptake rates in farming areas that could not be explained by the behaviour modelling. These may relate to women's attitudes and choices. Conclusion A lack of statewide geodemographic consistency in uptake of prenatal diagnosis implies that there is a need to target health professionals and pregnant women in specific areas to ensure there is increased equity of access to services and that all pregnant women can make informed choices that are best for them. Equally as important is appropriate health service provision for families of children with Down syndrome. Our findings show that these potential interventions are particularly relevant in rural areas. Classifying data to lifestyle segments allowed for practical comparisons of the geodemographic characteristics of women having prenatal diagnosis in Australia at a population level. This methodology may in future be a feasible and cost-effective tool for service planners and policy developers. PMID:16945156

Validity of Caregivers’ Reports on Head Trauma Due to Falls in Young Children Aged Less than 2 Years

PubMed Central

Fujiwara, Takeo; Nagase, Hiroaki; Okuyama, Makiko; Hoshino, Takahiro; Aoki, Kazunori; Nagashima, Tastuya; Nakamura, Hajime

2010-01-01

Objective: The clinical presentations of head trauma due to falls among young children aged less than 2 years are controversial, particularly in Japan, as the history of trauma recounted by a caretaker is not always reliable. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of caregiver’s reports on head trauma due to falls in young children aged less than 2 years in Japan. Methods: All patients <2 years of age presenting with head trauma resulting from a fall who were admitted to 3 children’s hospitals in Japan from January 2001 to December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed (N = 58). The clinical presentations were compared among groups categorized by the heights from which the patient fell (short (≤120 cm) or long (>120 cm)) and the surface on which the patient landed (carpet, tatami (Japanese mattress), hardwood floor, or concrete). Results: Patients who suffered short falls were more likely to present with subdural hemorrhage (SDH) than those who suffered long falls (74% and 40%, respectively, P = 0.027). More specifically, 62% of short falls showed SDH indicative of shaken baby syndrome (e.g. multilayer SDH). Neurological symptoms, cyanosis, and SDH were more commonly observed in patients who landed on carpeted or tatami surfaces than in those who landed on hardwood or concrete floors. Conclusions: Short falls and landing on soft surfaces resulted in the presentation of severer clinical symptoms than did long falls and landing on hard surfaces, suggesting that the validity of caretakers’ reports on infant or young children’s head trauma due to falls is low. Further research is warranted to investigate the cause of infant head trauma due to falls. PMID:23761991

Both a frameshift and a missense mutation of the STRA6 gene observed in an infant with the Matthew-Wood syndrome.

PubMed

Sadowski, Samantha; Chassaing, Nicolas; Gaj, Zuzanna; Czichos, Ewa; Wilczynski, Jan; Nowakowska, Dorota

2017-03-01

The Matthew-Wood syndrome is associated with mutations of the STRA6 gene. It combines a pulmonary agenesis/hypoplasia; microphthalmia/anophthalmia; congenital cardiac, digestive, and urogenital malformations; and diaphragmatic defects. A 23-year-old nulliparous woman was referred to our center after a fetal ultrasound examination at 26 weeks of pregnancy revealed an abnormal head shape, a heart malformation, multiple cysts in both kidneys, and dilated ureters. A male baby (46, XY; 3600g; Apgar score 1) was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation and died 1 hr later due to respiratory failure. The diagnosis of Matthew-Wood syndrome was suspected given the association of bilateral anophthalmia, agenesis of the left lung, and heart and kidney defects. It was confirmed by the identification of two deleterious mutations of the STRA6 gene. The child was a compound heterozygote for two previously reported mutations, a paternally inherited missense mutation (c.878C>T [p.Pro293Leu] and a maternally inherited frameshift mutation (c.50_52delACTinsCC [p. Asp17Alafs*55]), producing a premature stop codon. The diagnosis of Matthew-Wood syndrome should be considered in all fetuses with microphthalmia/anophthalmia. It requires an extensive ultrasound/MRI examination of the lung, heart, and diaphragm. Birth Defects Research 109:251-253, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

FMR1 CGG repeat expansion mutation detection and linked haplotype analysis for reliable and accurate preimplantation genetic diagnosis of fragile X syndrome.

PubMed

Rajan-Babu, Indhu-Shree; Lian, Mulias; Cheah, Felicia S H; Chen, Min; Tan, Arnold S C; Prasath, Ethiraj B; Loh, Seong Feei; Chong, Samuel S

2017-07-19

Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) full-mutation expansion causes fragile X syndrome. Trans-generational fragile X syndrome transmission can be avoided by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). We describe a robust PGD strategy that can be applied to virtually any couple at risk of transmitting fragile X syndrome. This novel strategy utilises whole-genome amplification, followed by triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) for robust detection of expanded FMR1 alleles, in parallel with linked multi-marker haplotype analysis of 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located within 1 Mb of the FMR1 CGG repeat, and the AMELX/Y dimorphism for gender identification. The assay was optimised and validated on single lymphoblasts isolated from fragile X reference cell lines, and applied to a simulated PGD case and a clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF)-PGD case. In the simulated PGD case, definitive diagnosis of the expected results was achieved for all 'embryos'. In the clinical IVF-PGD case, delivery of a healthy baby girl was achieved after transfer of an expansion-negative blastocyst. FMR1 TP-PCR reliably detects presence of expansion mutations and obviates reliance on informative normal alleles for determining expansion status in female embryos. Together with multi-marker haplotyping and gender determination, misdiagnosis and diagnostic ambiguity due to allele dropout is minimised, and couple-specific assay customisation can be avoided.

Congenital hyperinsulinism and Poland syndrome in association with 10p13-14 duplication.

PubMed

Giri, Dinesh; Patil, Prashant; Hart, Rachel; Didi, Mohammed; Senniappan, Senthil

2017-01-01

Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital condition, affecting 1 in 30 000 live births worldwide, characterised by a unilateral absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major and ipsilateral symbrachydactyly occasionally associated with abnormalities of musculoskeletal structures. A baby girl, born at 40 weeks' gestation with birth weight of 3.33 kg (-0.55 SDS) had typical phenotypical features of PS. She had recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes early in life requiring high concentration of glucose and glucagon infusion. The diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) was biochemically confirmed by inappropriately high plasma concentrations of insulin and C-peptide and low plasma free fatty acids and β-hydroxyl butyrate concentrations during hypoglycaemia. Sequencing of ABCC8 , KCNJ11 and HNF4A did not show any pathogenic mutation. Microarray analysis revealed a novel duplication in the short arm of chromosome 10 at 10p13-14 region. This is the first reported case of CHI in association with PS and 10p duplication. We hypothesise that the HK1 located on the chromosome 10 encoding hexokinase-1 is possibly linked to the pathophysiology of CHI. Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is known to be associated with various syndromes.This is the first reported association of CHI and Poland syndrome (PS) with duplication in 10p13-14.A potential underlying genetic link between 10p13-14 duplication, PS and CHI is a possibility.

Perinatal psychosis in mothers with a history of major depressive disorder.

PubMed

Mighton, Chloe E; Inglis, Angela J; Carrion, Prescilla B; Hippman, Catriona L; Morris, Emily M; Andrighetti, Heather J; Batallones, Rolan; Honer, William G; Austin, Jehannine C

2016-04-01

While women with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) have higher chances for postpartum depressive and manic episodes, little is known about their chance for postpartum psychosis (PPP). We prospectively assessed the frequency of perinatal psychotic symptoms among primiparous women with a history of MDD only (structured clinical interview was used to exclude women with pre-existing histories of mania or psychosis) and explored whether sex of the baby influenced these symptoms.The presence of symptoms of psychosis was defined using previously established cutoff scores on five key items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), which was administered during pregnancy, at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postpartum.Fourteen of 60 women (23%) scored above threshold for psychosis at one or more time points, with 6 experiencing postpartum onset. There was a non-significant trend (p = 0.073) towards higher frequency of these symptoms among mothers of girls.If controlled studies using diagnostic interviews confirm that psychotic symptoms are relatively common among women with MDD, monitoring for psychosis during the perinatal period may be indicated in this population. The potential effect of sex of the baby on mothers' chance for PPP requires further study.

[The neglected control of proteinuria during pregnancy].

PubMed

Dijkman, A; van Roosmalen, J

2002-03-02

In two women, primigravidae aged 29 and 27 years, no dipstick test for proteinuria was carried out despite symptoms of preeclampsia at 34 5/7 and 25 5/7 weeks of pregnancy, respectively. Both babies died in utero. The women were treated in the intensive care unit; the first woman died due to 'haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count' (HELLP) syndrome, while the second woman was able to return home in a reasonable condition on antihypertensive medication. Dipstick tests for proteinuria should always be carried out in pregnant women with symptoms of preeclampsia in order to avoid the death and serious morbidity which can be associated with eclampsia.

[Effects of tobacco smoke on fetus and children].

PubMed

Noda, Takashi

2013-03-01

What is caused on fetus and children by parental smoking? Parental smoking, especially maternal smoking cause oral cleft which makes baby difficult to suck milk. It causes not only respiratory illness such as asthma bronchialis but also fire accident or burn by child abuse. These things decrease quality of life of children. Low birth weight caused by parental smoking is the major risk factor of lifestyle-related diseases, according to DOHaD hypothesis. Moreover, parental smoking drive children active smokers. If children start to smoke, they will get bad lifestyle led to metabolic syndrome. So it is important not to make children start the first smoking.

Infantile methemoglobinemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates.

PubMed Central

Avery, A A

1999-01-01

Ingestion of nitrates in drinking water has long been thought to be a primary cause of acquired infantile methemoglobinemia, often called blue baby syndrome. However, recent research and a review of historical cases offer a more complex picture of the causes of infantile methemoglobinemia. Gastrointestinal infection and inflammation and the ensuing overproduction of nitric oxide may be the cause of many cases of infantile methemoglobinemia previously attributed to drinking water nitrates. If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 PMID:10379005

Antenatal care--antenatal screening for fetal abnormality.

PubMed

Baston, Helen

2003-02-01

JOANNA IS NOW 24 WEEKS pregnant. She is feeling very well and finding that now her energy has returned, she is really enjoying being preganant. She still proudly shows her precious scan picture to interested friends and takes the occasional glance herself during quiet moments. Joanna, has a cousin, Susan, who has Down's syndrome. Susan is a happy and loving child who has brought a lot of joy, as well as heartache, to the extended family. Although Joanna has no delusions about the hard work and continuing care that her cousin requires, she would not herself contemplate terminating a pregnancy if her baby had the condition.

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome associated with small cerebellum, endocrinopathy and increased chromosomal breakage.

PubMed

Hou, J W

2003-07-01

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare clinic entity of unknown aetiology. Further clinical and metabolic-genetic evaluations are indicated. A 2-mo-old female baby presented with ocular abnormalities and severe failure to thrive since birth. The clinical features were compatible with the diagnosis of HSS. Further imaging, metabolic and cytogenetic examinations were performed. Features characteristic of HSS were dyscephaly with mandibular and nasal cartilage hypoplasia, microphthalmia, bilateral cataracts with congenital glaucoma, natal teeth and proportionate dwarfism. Rare anomalies such as choanal atresia and small cerebellum, very low insulin-like growth factor I level, hypothyroidism, generalized organic aciduria were also noticed. An increased chromosomal breakage rate is suggestive of the existence of some DNA repair defects in HSS patients. The associated anomalies in this patient may broaden the clinical spectrum of HSS. Underlying conditions of organic aciduria, growth factor deficiency and impaired DNA repair are likely to contribute to the progeria-like facies, congenital cataracts and growth failure.

Baby Sling: Is It Safe?

MedlinePlus

Healthy Lifestyle Infant and toddler health Is it safe to hold a baby in a baby sling? Answers from Jay L. Hoecker, M.D. A baby sling — a one-shouldered baby ... sling's weight minimum before placing your newborn in it. Keep your baby's airways unobstructed. Make sure your ...

Prevalence of baby bottle versus breastfeeding graphics on products in national chain stores.

PubMed

Gellerson, Daphne; Hornsby, Paige P; Lowenhaupt, Stephanie A; Bressler, Colleen J; Burns, Whitney R; Friedman, Caroline F; Vaughn, Natalie H; Marshall, Stephanie P; Marshall, Trisha L; Park, Jennie; Kellams, Ann

2012-12-01

This study surveyed the prevalence of bottle versus breastfeeding graphic images on products marketed for pregnant mothers and young children available for purchase in national chain stores. This was a product survey/content analysis. Eighteen national chain stores located in a 10-mile radius of Charlottesville, VA were visited. In total, 2,670 individual items in 11 categories of baby shower and baby gift merchandise (shower invitations, greeting cards, gift wrap, shower decorations, baby dolls, baby books, infant clothing, bibs, nursery decorations, baby blankets, and disposable diapers) were assessed. The main outcome measures were prevalences of baby bottle and breastfeeding graphic images. Baby bottle images were found on products in eight of the 11 categories of items surveyed. Thirty-five percent of baby dolls were marketed with a baby bottle. The prevalence of bottle images on items in all other categories, however, was low. Of the 2,670 items surveyed, none contained a breastfeeding image. The low prevalence of baby bottle images on commonly purchased baby gift and baby shower items is encouraging. However, the absence of breastfeeding images and the relatively high prevalence of baby dolls marketed with a baby bottle demonstrate that breastfeeding is not portrayed as the physiologic norm on these products. Product designers should explore ways to promote breastfeeding, consumers should make informed choices in product selection, and advocacy groups should promote guidelines for these products.

Effects of baby-friendly hospital initiative on breast-feeding practices in sindh.

PubMed

Khan, Mahjabeen; Akram, Durre Samin

2013-06-01

To determine changes in the breastfeeding practices of mothers after receiving counseling on 'Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding' as defined by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative comparing baby friendly hospitals (BFHs) and non-baby-friendly hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan. The observational study was conducted from June 2007 to June 2009 in randomly selected baby-friendly and non-baby-friendly hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed.The maternity staff was trained on 'Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.'The changes in breastfeeding practices were analysed by SPSS version 15. A total of 236 women were included in the study. Of them, 196 (83.05%) were from baby-friendly hospitals and 40 (16.94%) from non-baby-friendly hospitals. Besides, 174 (88.7%) mothers in baby-friendly hospitals and 5 (12.5%) in non-baby-friendly hospitals during antenatal care received counseling by healthcare providers.There was an increase in breastfeeding practice up to 194 (98.97%) in the first category compared to 12 (30%) in the other category. Counseling under the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative improved breastfeeding practices up to 98.97% in baby-friendly compared to non-baby-friendly hospitals.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy and puerperium: maternal and fetal characteristics of 15 cases

PubMed Central

Gómez‐Puerta, José A; Cervera, Ricard; Espinosa, Gerard; Asherson, Ronald A; García‐Carrasco, Mario; da Costa, Izaias P; Andrade, Danieli C O; Borba, Eduardo F; Makatsaria, Alexander; Bucciarelli, Silvia; Ramos‐Casals, Manuel; Font, Josep

2007-01-01

Background The catastrophic variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a life‐threatening form of presentation of this syndrome that can be triggered by several factors. Aim To describe the characteristics of patients who developed catastrophic APS triggered during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods A review of the first 255 cases collected in the website‐based “CAPS Registry” was undertaken. Three new and unpublished cases of catastrophic APS developed during pregnancy and puerperium were added. Results Fifteen cases were identified. The mean (range) age was 27 (17–38) years. Most patients had a previous unsuccessful obstetric history. In 7 of 14 (50%) cases with available medical history, the catastrophic APS appeared during pregnancy, in 6 (43%) during the puerperium and in 1 (7%) after curettage for a fetal death. The main clinical and serological characteristics were similar to those patients with catastrophic APS triggered by other factors, except for a history of a higher prevalence of previous abortions (p<0.01). Several specific features were found, including the HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome in 8 (53%) patients, placental infarctions in 4 (27%) patients, and pelvic vein thrombosis and myometrium thrombotic microangiopathy in 1 (7%) patient each. Mortality rate was high for the mothers (46%), and for the babies (54%). Conclusions It is important to consider the possibility of the development of catastrophic APS in those patients with signs of HELLP syndrome and multiorgan failure during pregnancy or puerperium, especially in those patients with previous history of abortions and/or thrombosis. PMID:17223653

Bringing Your Baby Home

MedlinePlus

... for Educators Search English Español Bringing Your Baby Home KidsHealth / For Parents / Bringing Your Baby Home What's ... recall your baby's seemingly endless crying episodes. The Home Front Introducing your baby to others at home ...

Feeding patterns and diet - babies and infants

MedlinePlus

... infants - feeding; Diet - age appropriate - babies and infants; Breastfeeding - babies and infants; Formula feeding - babies and infants ... You can see milk leaking or dripping while nursing. Your baby starts to gain weight; about 4 ...

Compiling a national register of babies born with anophthalmia/microphthalmia in England 1988-94

PubMed Central

Busby, A.; Dolk, H.; Collin, R.; Jones, R; Winter, R.

1998-01-01

AIM—To describe the prevalence of anophthalmia/microphthalmia in babies born in England 1988-94, as well as their overall survival, and the incidence of associated eye and non-eye malformations; to determine the usefulness of different sources of medical and health service information for establishing a retrospective register of anophthalmia/microphthalmia.
METHODS—Multiple sources for initial (retrospective) case ascertainment were surveyed, followed by questionnaires to clinicians to establish severity, associated malformations, and aetiology for England, 1988-94. The population surveyed was all births in England for this time period (4 570 350 births). Cases included live births, stillbirths, or terminations after prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomaly, with anophthalmia/microphthalmia, with or without other malformations and syndromes. Trisomy 13 was subsequently excluded.
RESULTS—The proportion of cases notified by any one information source was not more than 26% (Office for National Statistics Register 22%, paediatricians 26%, district sources 25%). Sixty nine per cent of cases (51% of severe cases) were notified by only one source. A total of 449 cases were reported, prevalence 1.0 per 10 000 births. The prevalence was stable over time, although the proportion notified by clinicians rose in more recent years. Thirty four per cent of affected babies had mild microphthalmia. Of those with severe anophthalmia/microphthalmia, 51% were bilateral, other eye malformations were present in 72%, non-eye malformations in 65%, and a "known aetiology" was attributed in 22%. Three quarters of those severely affected survived infancy.
CONCLUSIONS—Despite high response rates from the sources of information contacted, the lack of duplication between sources indicates the difficulties of retrospective ascertainment and the need for multiple sources when establishing a register. Anophthalmos/microphthalmos is usually associated with other malformations. Most cases are of unknown aetiology.

 PMID:10194985

Surfactant replacement therapy--economic impact.

PubMed

Pejaver, R K; al Hifzi, I; Aldussari, S

2001-06-01

Surfactant replacement is an effective treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. (RDS). As widespread use of surfactant is becoming a reality, it is important to assess the economic implications of this new form of therapy. A comparison study was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Northwest Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Among 75 infants who received surfactant for RDS and similar number who were managed during time period just before the surfactant was available, but by set criteria would have made them eligible for surfactant. All other management modalities except surfactant were the same for all these babies. Based on the intensity of monitoring and nursing care required by the baby, the level of care was divided as: Level IIIA, IIIB, Level II, Level I. The cost per day per bed for each level was calculated, taking into account the use of hospital immovable equipment, personal salaries of nursing, medical, ancillary staff, overheads and maintenance, depreciation and replacement costs. Medications used, procedures done, TPN, oxygen, were all added to individual patient's total expenditure. 75 infants in the Surfactant group had 62 survivors. They spent a total of 4300 days in hospital. (av 69.35) Out of which 970 d (av 15.65 per patient) were ventilated days. There were 56 survivors in the non-surfactant group of 75. They had spent a total of 5023 days in the hospital (av 89.69/patient) out of which 1490 were ventilated days (av 26.60 d). Including the cost of surfactant (two doses), cost of hospital stay for each infant taking the average figures of stay would be SR 118, 009.75 per surfactant treated baby and SR 164, 070.70 per non-surfactant treated baby. The difference of 46,061 SR is 39.03% more in non-surfactant group. One Saudi rial = 8 Rs (approx at the time study was carried out.) Medical care cost varies from place to place. However, it is definitely cost-effective where surfactant is concerned. Quality adjusted life years (QALY) for NICU care compares favourably with cost per QALY of several forms of adult health interventions. Audit, both medical and financial, of these services, at regular intervals is essential.

7 CFR 319.56-43 - Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia. 319.56-43... § 319.56-43 Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia. (a) Immature, dehusked “baby” sweet corn (Zea mays L..., which is a field, where the corn has been grown must have been inspected at least once during the...

A model infant feeding policy for Baby-Friendly designation in the USA.

PubMed

Feldman-Winter, Lori; Procaccini, Diane; Merewood, Anne

2012-08-01

In June 2010, the Communities Putting Prevention to Work program (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) funded a New Jersey (NJ) Office on Nutrition and Fitness, Department of Health and Senior Services project to reduce obesity and increase exclusive breastfeeding by increased implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in the state of NJ. At baseline, NJ had no Baby-Friendly hospitals and no hospital was using an infant feeding policy that conformed to standards required by Baby-Friendly USA for designation. To create a model infant feeding policy that would be adaptable for use at multiple NJ hospitals preparing for Baby-Friendly designation. Project consultants created a policy based on existent policies from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, certified Baby-Friendly hospitals, and guidance from Baby-Friendly USA. This policy was submitted to Baby-Friendly USA, the US body responsible for Baby-Friendly designation. Baby-Friendly USA requested changes; after adaptations, the policy was made available to targeted NJ hospitals via a statewide portal. The hospitals made relevant adaptations for their setting, and those that were ready submitted the policy during the Baby-Friendly designation process. The policy was acceptable to Baby-Friendly USA. A collaborative initiative can use a single breastfeeding policy template as an aid toward Baby-Friendly designation. Such work streamlines the process and saves time and resources.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Postpartum Complication.

PubMed

Kadić-Vukas, Samra; Hodžić, Mirsada; Tandir-Lihić, Lejla; Hrvat, Lejla; Kožo-Kajmaković, Azra; Kuzmanović, Nina; Vukas, Haris

2018-05-20

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological syndrome with seizures, altered consciousness, visual disturbances and headache among other symptoms. Hinchey et al. first described Pres in 1996, with two other case series published shortly after. A 23-year-old women patient was emergency sent from General Hospital Tešanj due to a crisis of consciousness and repeated epileptic seizures. The patient had a second birth before 10 days (postpartum cesarean) in general endotracheal anaesthesia (two cesarean-born babies). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cranium described both sides of the symmetrically frontal, parietal (and pre-ventricular gyri) and occipitally visible T2W/FLAIR hyperintensity focuses on the cortex and the thin layer of white mass subcortically. In the projection of the lesions parts, discrete DWI hyperintensity is seen without a reliable ADC correlate. The patient improved after management with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiepileptics and monitoring of blood pressure. According to latest experiences delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to mortality or irreversible neurological deficit. Aggravating circumstances are differential diagnoses that include cerebral infarction (ischemic, haemorrhage), venous thrombosis, vasculitis, pontine or extrapontine myelinolysis. MRI of the brain is key to make this distinction with crucial recognition and an open mind from radiology and neurology specialist.

Congenital hyperinsulinism and Poland syndrome in association with 10p13–14 duplication

PubMed Central

Giri, Dinesh; Patil, Prashant; Hart, Rachel; Didi, Mohammed

2017-01-01

Summary Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital condition, affecting 1 in 30 000 live births worldwide, characterised by a unilateral absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major and ipsilateral symbrachydactyly occasionally associated with abnormalities of musculoskeletal structures. A baby girl, born at 40 weeks’ gestation with birth weight of 3.33 kg (−0.55 SDS) had typical phenotypical features of PS. She had recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes early in life requiring high concentration of glucose and glucagon infusion. The diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) was biochemically confirmed by inappropriately high plasma concentrations of insulin and C-peptide and low plasma free fatty acids and β-hydroxyl butyrate concentrations during hypoglycaemia. Sequencing of ABCC8, KCNJ11 and HNF4A did not show any pathogenic mutation. Microarray analysis revealed a novel duplication in the short arm of chromosome 10 at 10p13–14 region. This is the first reported case of CHI in association with PS and 10p duplication. We hypothesise that the HK1 located on the chromosome 10 encoding hexokinase-1 is possibly linked to the pathophysiology of CHI. Learning points: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is known to be associated with various syndromes. This is the first reported association of CHI and Poland syndrome (PS) with duplication in 10p13–14. A potential underlying genetic link between 10p13–14 duplication, PS and CHI is a possibility. PMID:28458900

Ocular abnormalities in congenital Zika syndrome: a case report, and review of the literature.

PubMed

Guevara, Jade Gieseke; Agarwal-Sinha, Swati

2018-06-09

As the number of children with Zika virus-related complications grows, the long-term developmental trajectory and its effects on families are unknown. We present the first known case of congenital Zika syndrome seen at our institution with significant fundus findings. A 3-day-old Hispanic baby girl presented with severe microcephaly of 24 cm and temperature instability at birth. Her mother had traveled to Honduras early in pregnancy and testing of amniotic fluid was positive for Zika virus via polymerase chain reaction. A dilated fundus examination was significant for bilateral severe colobomatous chorioretinal atrophy of the macula and pigmentary changes. Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse lissencephaly with decreased brain volume, atrophic corpus callosum and brainstem, periventricular calcifications, and ventriculomegaly of the lateral ventricles. Our patient, who presented with the first known case of congenital Zika syndrome in Northern Florida, demonstrated profound bilateral colobomatous chorioretinal atrophy of the macula. The ophthalmologic findings along with severe microcephaly emphasize the neurotropism of the Zika virus, and ultimately are indicative of poor developmental and visual prognosis for affected infants. With the increased prevalence of Zika virus, ophthalmologists should be aware of the associated findings and the importance of an eye-screening examination with a dilated fundus examination within 1 month of life of infants in which congenital Zika syndrome is suspected. A multidisciplinary care approach is essential for the care of affected infants and their families.

Massive Accidental Overdose of Hydroxyurea in a Young Child with Sickle Cell Anemia

PubMed Central

Miller, Scott T.; Rey, Kathy; He, Jin; Flanagan, Jonathan; Fish, Billie J.; Rogers, Zora R.; Wang, Winfred C.; Ware, Russell E.

2011-01-01

The Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) confirmed safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea therapy for infants with sickle cell anemia. Treatment was associated with reduction in rates of pain, acute chest syndrome, hospitalizations and blood transfusions; improved hematologic values; and, perhaps, preservation of organ function. During the study, a two year-old ingested at one time an entire 35-day supply of hydroxyurea (612 mg/kg body-weight). Despite a serum level of 7,756 μM four hours post-ingestion, the only toxicity was transient mild myelosuppression. With wider usage of hydroxyurea anticipated, conservative management of future overdoses seems reasonable. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00006400) PMID:21744485

Well-Baby Exam: What to Expect during Routine Checkups

MedlinePlus

... many hours does your baby sleep during the day? At night? How often do you feed your baby? If you're breast-feeding, are you having any trouble? How many diapers does your baby wet and soil in a day? How active is your baby? Are you including ...

What it means to "spoil" a baby: parents' perception.

PubMed

Wilson, A L; Witzke, D B; Volin, A

1981-12-01

Discussion concerning spoiling a baby frequently takes place in pediatric-care settings and may occur without a clear understanding of how parents define the word "spoil" when baby care is discussed. This study presents data from 531 parents asked to respond to a questionnaire on spoiling babies. The majority of mothers and fathers believe a baby can be spoiled, but considerable variation exists in perceptions of how this takes place, what a spoiled baby is like, and the present and future effects of spoiling. The younger and less educated parents have more rigid and negative views about the effects of spoiling babies.

Rates of Complications After Newborn Circumcision in a Well-Baby Nursery, Special Care Nursery, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

PubMed

Srinivasan, Mythili; Hamvas, Corrine; Coplen, Douglas

2015-10-01

To determine rates of complications after newborn circumcision by performing a retrospective chart review of patients circumcised at a well-baby nursery, neonatal intensive care units (NICU), and special care nursery (SCN) from 2007 to 2012. A total of 5129 babies (73%) were circumcised at the well-baby nursery and 1909 babies (27%) at the NICU and SCN. Forty-seven patients (0.67%, 95% CI 0.49% to 0.89%) had circumcision-related complications: 5 (0.07%) patients with acute and 42 (0.6%) with late complications. Babies in the NICU/SCN had increased odds of complication (OR 4.00, 95% CI 2.23 to 7.19) compared with those in well-baby nursery. There were increased odds of complications in babies with Caucasian ethnicity (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.89) compared with African American babies and in babies with private insurance (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 7.5) compared with nonprivate insurance. The rates of complications after newborn circumcisions were low. Babies in the NICU/SCN had increased odds of complication. © The Author(s) 2015.

First trimester serum tests for Down's syndrome screening.

PubMed

Alldred, S Kate; Takwoingi, Yemisi; Guo, Boliang; Pennant, Mary; Deeks, Jonathan J; Neilson, James P; Alfirevic, Zarko

2015-11-30

Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous metabolic and structural problems. It can be life-threatening, or lead to considerable ill health, although some individuals have only mild problems and can lead relatively normal lives. Having a baby with Down's syndrome is likely to have a significant impact on family life.Noninvasive screening based on biochemical analysis of maternal serum or urine, or fetal ultrasound measurements, allows estimates of the risk of a pregnancy being affected and provides information to guide decisions about definitive testing. However, no test can predict the severity of problems a person with Down's syndrome will have. The aim of this review was to estimate and compare the accuracy of first trimester serum markers for the detection of Down's syndrome in the antenatal period, both as individual markers and as combinations of markers. Accuracy is described by the proportion of fetuses with Down's syndrome detected by screening before birth (sensitivity or detection rate) and the proportion of women with a low risk (normal) screening test result who subsequently had a baby unaffected by Down's syndrome (specificity). We conducted a sensitive and comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE (1980 to 25 August 2011), Embase (1980 to 25 August 2011), BIOSIS via EDINA (1985 to 25 August 2011), CINAHL via OVID (1982 to 25 August 2011), The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (The Cochrane Library 25 August 2011), MEDION (25 August 2011), The Database of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Laboratory Medicine (25 August 2011), The National Research Register (Archived 2007), Health Services Research Projects in Progress database (25 August 2011). We did forward citation searching ISI citation indices, Google Scholar and PubMed 'related articles'. We did not apply a diagnostic test search filter. We also searched reference lists and published review articles.   We included studies in which all women from a given population had one or more index test(s) compared to a reference standard (either chromosomal verification or macroscopic postnatal inspection). Both consecutive series and diagnostic case-control study designs were included. Randomised trials where individuals were randomised to different screening strategies and all verified using a reference standard were also eligible for inclusion. Studies in which test strategies were compared head-to-head either in the same women, or between randomised groups were identified for inclusion in separate comparisons of test strategies. We excluded studies if they included less than five Down's syndrome cases, or more than 20% of participants were not followed up. We extracted data as test positive or test negative results for Down's and non-Down's pregnancies allowing estimation of detection rates (sensitivity) and false positive rates (1-specificity). We performed quality assessment according to QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) criteria. We used hierarchical summary ROC meta-analytical methods or random-effects logistic regression methods to analyse test performance and compare test accuracy as appropriate. Analyses of studies allowing direct and indirect comparisons between tests were undertaken. We included 56 studies (reported in 68 publications) involving 204,759 pregnancies (including 2113 with Down's syndrome). Studies were generally of good quality, although differential verification was common with invasive testing of only high-risk pregnancies. We evaluated 78 test combinations formed from combinations of 18 different tests, with or without maternal age; ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease), AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), inhibin, PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, ITA (invasive trophoblast antigen), free βhCG (beta human chorionic gonadotrophin), PlGF (placental growth factor), SP1 (Schwangerschafts protein 1), total hCG, progesterone, uE3 (unconjugated oestriol), GHBP (growth hormone binding protein), PGH (placental growth hormone), hyperglycosylated hCG, ProMBP (proform of eosinophil major basic protein), hPL (human placental lactogen), (free αhCG, and free ßhCG to AFP ratio. Direct comparisons between two or more tests were made in 27 studies.Meta-analysis of the nine best performing or frequently evaluated test combinations showed that a test strategy involving maternal age and a double marker combination of PAPP-A and free ßhCG significantly outperformed the individual markers (with or without maternal age) detecting about seven out of every 10 Down's syndrome pregnancies at a 5% false positive rate (FPR). Limited evidence suggested that marker combinations involving PAPP-A may be more sensitive than those without PAPP-A. Tests involving two markers in combination with maternal age, specifically PAPP-A, free βhCG and maternal age are significantly better than those involving single markers with and without age. They detect seven out of 10 Down's affected pregnancies for a fixed 5% FPR. The addition of further markers (triple tests) has not been shown to be statistically superior; the studies included are small with limited power to detect a difference.The screening blood tests themselves have no adverse effects for the woman, over and above the risks of a routine blood test. However some women who have a 'high risk' screening test result, and are given amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) have a risk of miscarrying a baby unaffected by Down's. Parents will need to weigh up this risk when deciding whether or not to have an amniocentesis or CVS following a 'high risk' screening test result.

The role of attitudes towards the targets of behaviour in predicting and informing prenatal testing choices.

PubMed

Bryant, Louise D; Green, Josephine M; Hewison, Jenny

2010-12-01

Research considering the role of attitudes in prenatal testing choices has commonly focused on the relationship between the attitude towards undergoing testing and actual testing behaviour. In contrast, this study focused on the relationship between testing behaviour and attitudes towards the targets of the behaviour (in this case people with Down syndrome (DS) and having a baby with DS). A cross-sectional, prospective survey of 197 pregnant women measured attitudes towards the targets of prenatal testing along with intentions to use screening and diagnostic testing, and the termination of an affected pregnancy. Screening uptake was established via patient records. Although attitudes towards DS and having a baby with DS were significantly associated with screening uptake and testing and termination intentions, unfavourable attitudes were better than favourable ones at predicting these outcomes. For example, in the quartile of women with the 'most favourable' attitude towards people with DS 67% used screening although only 8% said they would terminate an affected pregnancy. Qualitative data suggested that not all women considered personal attitudes towards DS to be relevant to their screening decisions. This finding has implications for the way in which informed choice is currently understood and measured in the prenatal testing context.

Management of CHAOS by intact cord resuscitation: case report and literature review.

PubMed

Kumar, Manisha; Gupta, Amit; Kumar, Vijay; Handa, Anu; Balliyan, Mayura; Meena, Jyoti; Roychoudhary, Shubhasis

2018-06-12

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a near fatal condition, except when the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is performed as rescue. After antenatal diagnosis of the condition, counseling regarding prognosis and outcome needs to be provided. We describe here a case with CHAOS due to isolated fetal laryngeal atresia, presented at our center at 33-week gestation. After counseling regarding the uncertain outcome, consent for elective caesarean was not given. Intact cord resuscitation (ICR) was done as a rescue by a well-coordinated team during delivery. Tracheostomy was performed successfully under local anesthesia within five minutes, while the cord was still attached to the placenta. The baby had supraglottic stenosis on CT scan. Reconstructive surgery is planned after 8 months. The literature review showed 24 reports of 28 cases with intrinsic airway obstruction managed by EXIT, laryngeal atresia was the most common cause (18/28). The outcome was poor in tracheal agenesis (1/4 survived) whereas those having laryngeal web or small communication (4/4 survived) had better outcome. Tracheal reconstruction was done in 3/28 cases only. The case emphasizes that ICR and tracheostomy during vaginal delivery can rescue the baby. The literature reviewed provided insight into the outcome of CHAOS cases in world literature.

Pneumothorax - infants

MedlinePlus

... easily. If the baby needs a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator), extra pressure on the baby's lungs, from ... problems. If the baby needs a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator), extra pressure on the baby's lungs from ...

Routine antibiotic cover for newborns intubated for aspirating meconium: is it necessary?

PubMed

Krishnan, L; Nasruddin; Prabhakar, P; Bhaskaranand, N

1995-05-01

A retrospective analysis was performed on 215 babies to evaluate the incidence of septicemia in babies intubated at birth for aspirating meconium from the trachea. Only term, appropriate for gestational age babies were included. Babies with any known perinatal risk factor for infection were excluded from the study and none of the babies had been put on "prophylactic antibiotics." There were 88 babies in the intubated group in a one year period from January 1991 to December 1991. One hundred and twenty seven babies were taken as controls. There was no significant difference in the incidence of early septicemia in the two groups. There were no deaths in either group. It is concluded that well term babies who are intubated for aspirating meconium need not be put on routine antibiotic cover.

Diapering Your Baby

MedlinePlus

... prefold diapers) a container of warm water and cotton balls (for babies with sensitive skin) or a ... ability to roll. Wiping Using the wet washcloth, cotton balls, or baby wipes, gently wipe your baby ...

Breastfeeding Your Baby

MedlinePlus

... ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ029 LABOR, DELIVERY, AND POSTPARTUM CARE Breastfeeding Your Baby • How long should I breastfeed my baby? • How does breastfeeding benefit my baby? • How does breastfeeding benefit me? • ...

Prevalence and referral rates in neonatal hearing screening program using two step hearing screening protocol in Chennai - A prospective study.

PubMed

Vignesh, S S; Jaya, V; Sasireka, B I; Sarathy, Kamala; Vanthana, M

2015-10-01

To estimate the prevalence and referral rates in well born and high risk babies using two step hearing screening protocol with Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR). A prospective study was carried out on 1405 neonates (983 well born babies and 422 high risk babies) who were screened during May 2013 to January 2015 at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. All neonates were screened using two step screening protocol. They were initially tested with DPOAE. Referred babies in DPOAE were screened with AABR subsequently. Among 1405 (100%) neonates 983 (69.96%) were well born babies and 422 (30.03%) were high risk babies. Total referral rate in DPOAE was found to be 311 (22.13%) among which 195 (13.87%) were well born babies and 116 (8.25%) were high risk babies. Out of 311 babies 31 (2.20%) babies were referred in AABR screening. In 31 babies referred in AABR 11(0.78%) were from well born group and 20 (1.42%) were from the high risk group. Further diagnostic evaluation of these babies, 2 (0.14%) were confirmed to have hearing loss. This study reveals, the prevalence of congenital hearing loss in our population is 1.42 per 1000 babies. Using two step protocol especially AABR along with DPOAE at the initial level of testing significantly reduces referral rates in new born screening programs. Also AABR decreases the false positive responses hence increasing the efficiency of screening program. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Baby Poop: What's Normal?

MedlinePlus

... by-color guide for newborns: Black or dark green. After birth, a baby's first bowel movements are ... of baby poop is known as meconium. Yellow-green. As the baby begins digesting breast milk, meconium ...

Serotonin in the solitary tract nucleus shortens the laryngeal chemoreflex in anaesthetized neonatal rats.

PubMed

Donnelly, William T; Bartlett, Donald; Leiter, J C

2016-07-01

What is the central question of this study? Failure to terminate apnoea and arouse is likely to contribute to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Serotonin is deficient in the brainstems of babies who died of SIDS. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that serotonin in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) would shorten reflex apnoea. What is the main finding and its importance? Serotonin microinjected into the NTS shortened the apnoea and respiratory inhibition associated with the laryngeal chemoreflex. Moreover, this effect was achieved through a 5-HT3 receptor. This is a new insight that is likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of SIDS. The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR), an airway-protective reflex that causes apnoea and bradycardia, has long been suspected as an initiating event in the sudden infant death syndrome. Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT receptors may be deficient in the brainstems of babies who die of sudden infant death syndrome, and 5-HT seems to be important in terminating apnoeas directly or in causing arousals or as part of the process of autoresuscitation. We hypothesized that 5-HT in the brainstem would limit the duration of the LCR. We studied anaesthetized rat pups between 7 and 21 days of age and made microinjections into the cisterna magna or into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Focal, bilateral microinjections of 5-HT into the caudal NTS significantly shortened the LCR. The 5-HT1a receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, did not affect the LCR consistently, nor did a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, alter the duration of the LCR. The 5-HT3 specific agonist, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-biguanide, microinjected bilaterally into the caudal NTS significantly shortened the LCR. Thus, endogenous 5-HT released within the NTS may curtail the respiratory depression that is part of the LCR, and serotonergic shortening of the LCR may be attributed to activation of 5-HT3 receptors within the NTS. 5-HT3 receptors are expressed presynaptically on C fibre afferents of the superior laryngeal nerve, and serotonergic shortening of the LCR may be mediated presynaptically by enhanced activation of inhibitory interneurons within the NTS. © 2016 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.

76 FR 37055 - Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Importation of Baby...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

...] Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Importation of Baby Squash and Baby Courgettes From Zambia AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Extension... importation of baby squash and baby courgettes from Zambia. DATES: We will consider all comments that we...

The Aging Baby Boom: Implications for Employment and Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poulos, Stacy; Nightingale, Demetra Smith

By the end of 2005, the oldest baby boomers will begin turning 60. Although baby boomers have generally done better than any previous generation in terms of income and education, not all baby boomers have been successful. As baby boomers age, the total economically disadvantaged population will increase. Consequently, over the next decade, the…

Patent Foramen Ovale

MedlinePlus

... which also closes when the left ventricle relaxes. Baby's heart in the womb Because a baby in the ... to the body via another bypass system. Newborn baby's heart When a baby's lungs begin functioning, the circulation ...

Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) versus Blood Culture (BACTEC) in the Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Sepsis--A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Bhat, B Vishnu; Prasad, P; Ravi Kumar, Venkata Banda; Harish, B N; Krishnakumari, K; Rekha, Anand; Manjunath, G; Adhisivam, B; Shruthi, B

2016-05-01

To compare the clinical outcome of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular diagnostic method -- Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) directed treatment strategy vs. standard of care (blood culture) directed treatment strategy for neonatal sepsis. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 385 neonates with sepsis who were randomized into two groups -- SES and control (BACTEC). Both tests were performed for all the neonates. However, in the SES group, the results of SES test were revealed to the treating clinicians, while in the control group, SES results were withheld. Two ml of blood was drawn from each baby. One aliquot was sent for blood culture, whereas the remaining aliquot was sent for SES. Babies were then administered empirical IV antibiotics and given supportive care. Further antibiotic changes, if required were done in SES and control groups based on their respective reports. The microbiological profile, immediate outcome, duration of hospital stay, number of antibiotics used and readmission within a month in both groups were compared. SES was better than BACTEC in identifying the causative organism in both the groups (68 % vs. 18 % in SES group and 72 % vs. 18 % in control group). SES had 100 % concordance with blood culture by BACTEC. Detection of bacteria and fungi were four and ten-fold higher respectively with SES when compared to BACTEC culture. Microbiological diagnosis was rapid with SES compared to BACTEC (7 h vs. 72 h). Treatment based on SES resulted in significantly less mortality (3 % vs. 18 %). Readmission rate, duration of hospital stay and change in antibiotics were also significantly less in SES group. This new molecular based diagnostic system (SES) helps in rapid and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and reduces mortality and morbidity in affected neonates.

Recombinant versus highly-purified, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (r-FSH vs. HP-uFSH) in ovulation induction: a prospective, randomized study with cost-minimization analysis.

PubMed

Revelli, Alberto; Poso, Francesca; Gennarelli, Gianluca; Moffa, Federica; Grassi, Giuseppina; Massobrio, Marco

2006-07-18

Both recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and highly-purified, urinary FSH (HP-uFSH) are frequently used in ovulation induction associated with timed sexual intercourse. Their effectiveness is reported to be similar, and therefore the costs of treatment represent a major issue to be considered. Although several studies about costs in IVF have been published, data obtained in low-technology infertility treatments are still scarce. Two hundred and sixty infertile women (184 with unexplained infertility, 76 with CC-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome) at their first treatment cycle were randomized and included in the study. Ovulation induction was accomplished by daily administration of rFSH or HP-uFSH according to a low-dose, step-up regimen aimed to obtain a monofollicular ovulation. A bi- or tri-follicular ovulation was anyway accepted, whereas hCG was withdrawn and the cycle cancelled when more than three follicles greater than or equal to 18 mm diameter were seen at ultrasound. The primary outcome measure was the cost of therapy per delivered baby, estimated according to a cost-minimization analysis. Secondary outcomes were the following: monofollicular ovulation rate, total FSH dose, cycle cancellation rate, length of the follicular phase, number of developing follicles (>12 mm diameter), endometrial thickness at hCG, incidence of twinning and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, delivery rate. The overall FSH dose needed to achieve ovulation was significantly lower with r-FSH, whereas all the other studied variables did not significantly differ with either treatments. However, a trend toward a higher delivery rate with r-FSH was observed in the whole group and also when results were considered subgrouping patients according to the indication to treatment. Considering the significantly lower number of vials/patient and the slight (although non-significant) increase in the delivery rate with r-FSH, the cost-minimization analysis showed a 9.4% reduction in the overall therapy cost per born baby in favor of r-FSH.

Novel Mutation in the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A3 (ABCA3) Encoding Gene Causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome in A Term Newborn in Southwest Iran

PubMed Central

Rezaei, Farideh; Shafiei, Mohammad; Shariati, Gholamreza; Dehdashtian, Ali; Mohebbi, Maryam; Galehdari, Hamid

2016-01-01

Introduction ABCA3 glycoprotein belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, which utilize the energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP for the translocation of a wide variety of substrates across the plasma membrane. Mutations in the ABCA3 gene are knowingly causative for fatal surfactant deficiency, particularly respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in term babies. Case Presentation In this study, Sanger sequencing of the whole ABCA3 gene (NCBI NM_001089) was performed in a neonatal boy with severe RDS. A homozygous mutation has been identified in the patient. Parents were heterozygous for the same missense mutation GGA > AGA at position 202 in exon 6 of the ABCA3 gene (c.604G > A; p.G202R). Furthermore, 70 normal individuals have been analyzed for the mentioned change with negative results. Conclusions Regarding Human Genome Mutation Database (HGMD) and other literature recherche, the detected change is a novel mutation and has not been reported before. Bioinformatics mutation predicting tools prefer it as pathogenic. PMID:27437095

A Neonate with Susceptibility to Long QT Syndrome Type 6 who Presented with Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death.

PubMed

Sauer, Charles W; Marc-Aurele, Krishelle L

2016-07-28

BACKGROUND This is a case of a neonate with susceptibility to long QT syndrome (LQTS) who presented with a sudden unexpected infant death. Experts continue to debate whether universal electrocardiogram (ECG) screening of all newborns is feasible, practical, and cost-effective. CASE REPORT A 19-day-old neonate was found unresponsive by her mother. ECG showed ventricular fibrillation and a combination of a lidocaine drip plus multiple defibrillations converted the rhythm to normal sinus. Unfortunately, MRI brain imaging showed multiple infarcts and EEG showed burst suppression pattern with frequent seizures; life supportive treatment was stopped and the infant died. Genetic testing revealed two mutations in the KCNE2 gene consistent with susceptibility to LQTS type 6. CONCLUSIONS We believe this case is the first to demonstrate both a precipitating electrocardiographic and genetic cause of death for an infant with LQTS, showing a cause-and-effect relationship between LQTS mutation, ventricular arrhythmia, and death. We wonder whether universal ECG newborn screening to prevent LQTS death could have saved this baby.

[Hemolytic and uremic syndrome and maternal-fetal Escherichia coli K1 infection].

PubMed

Flandrois, M; Bessière, A; Vieira-Roth, S; Vergnaud, M; Frémeaux-Bacchi, V; Eckart, P

2011-03-01

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is primarily a disease of infancy and early childhood. In its classic form, it is preceded by a prodrome of Escherichia coli-mediated bloody mucoid diarrhea. Typical HUS is commonly related to an infection by shiga-toxin producing E. coli. Stool cultures may detect this bacteria or its toxin, and PCRs can detect the shiga-toxin virulence genes. Atypical cases of HUS are mainly related to abnormalities of the alternative complement pathway and mutations of H, I, or B factors. Some atypical cases of HUS may also be related to von Willebrand factor or vitamin B12 metabolism abnormalities. A number of HUS cases related to invasive pneumococcal infections (pneumonia or meningitis) have been reported. We report a case of HUS associated with a bacterial E. coli K1 infection in a newborn baby, with a good clinical outcome: there was no need for dialysis and normal renal function was quickly regained. The workup did not favor a toxinic origin or an abnormality on the alternative complement pathway. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Can Babies Learn to Read? A Randomized Trial of Baby Media

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neuman, Susan B.; Kaefer, Tanya; Pinkham, Ashley; Strouse, Gabrielle

2014-01-01

Targeted to children as young as 3 months old, there is a growing number of baby media products that claim to teach babies to read. This randomized controlled trial was designed to examine this claim by investigating the effects of a best-selling baby media product on reading development. One hundred and seventeen infants, ages 9 to 18 months,…

Babies, Television and Videos: How Did We Get Here?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wartella, Ellen; Richert, Rebekah A.; Robb, Michael B.

2010-01-01

Baby media have exploded in the past decade, and children younger than 2 are showing increased use of these baby media. This paper examines the historical evidence of babies' use of television since the 1950s as well as the various factors that have given rise to the current increase in screen media for babies. We also consider the ubiquitous role…

[The characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight babies].

PubMed

Wang, Xiaoya; Luo, Renzhong; Wen, Ruijin; Chen, Qian; Zhou, Jialin; Zou, Yu

2009-08-01

To discuss the characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) babies and to investigate the correlations between the ABR and clinical characteristics. Fifty-nine VLBW babies (118 ears) were enrolled in the study and 30 term normal babies as the control group. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex, DPOAE, ABR were obtained in all the babies. The prevalence of hearing loss in VLBW babies was higher than normal term babies and babies with perinatal complications higher than those without perinatal complications. There was no correlations between ABR threshold and gestational age, birth weight, postconceptional age, negative correlations between wave I, III and V latencies I - III, III - V and I - V intervals and postconceptional age. Wave I and V latencies, I - III and III - V intervals differed significantly between the two groups. The perinatal complications were the most important causes of the hearing loss in preterm VLBW babies than the gestational age and birth weight. There was a high prevalence of peripheral hearing loss in the preterm VLBW babies. Combining OAE and automated ABR should be applied for hearing screening. Regular follow-up was very important in all the preterm VLBW neonatal.

Outcome of babies with no detectable heart rate before 10 minutes of age, and the effect of gestation.

PubMed

Sproat, Thomas; Hearn, Richard; Harigopal, Sundeep

2017-05-01

Current resuscitation guidelines suggest that it is reasonable to consider stopping resuscitation where no heart rate (cardiac activity) has been detected for 10 min in a newborn baby from birth. We aimed to determine the mortality rate and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome of all babies born with no heart rate before 10 min of age where resuscitation was attempted in a tertiary referral centre over a 5-year period. To identify all babies with no heart rate before age 10 min we examined two groups:▸ All babies classified as live born who received cardiac massage at birth between January 2009 and December 2013.▸ All babies classified as stillborn between January 2009 and December 2013 where attempts were made at resuscitation beyond 10 min. 87 babies received cardiac massage. 81 babies were live born and 6 were classified as stillborn. Twenty-two babies had no heart rate before 10 min of age. Eight babies survived to 2-year follow-up. 6/11 term babies survived, 2/4 babies born between 32 weeks and 37 weeks survived, and no infants born less than 32 weeks survived (n=7). Of the survivors, 5/8 had a normal neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years' age. One patient was lost to follow-up, while the other two patients had hemiplegia. Our results add to the body of evidence suggesting that having no heart rate before 10 min of age, in term babies, may not be an appropriate prompt to discontinue resuscitation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Trends in birth weight and the prevalence of low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age in Surinamese South Asian babies since 1974: cross-sectional study of three birth cohorts.

PubMed

de Wilde, Jeroen A; van Buuren, Stef; Middelkoop, Barend J C

2013-10-07

South Asian babies born in developed countries are generally lighter than babies from other ethnic groups born in the same country. While the mean birth weight of Caucasian babies in the Netherlands has increased the past decades, it is unknown if the mean birth weight of South Asian babies born in the Netherlands has increased or if the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) has decreased.The aims of this study are: 1. to investigate secular changes in mean birth weight and the prevalence of LBW and SGA in Surinamese South Asian babies, and 2. to assess differences between Surinamese South Asian and Dutch Caucasian neonates born 2006-2009. A population based study for which neonatal characteristics of 2014 Surinamese South Asian babies, born between 1974 and 2009 in the Netherlands, and 3104 Dutch Caucasian babies born 2006-2009 were obtained from well-baby clinic records. LBW was defined as a birth weight <2500 g. SGA was based on a universal population standard (the Netherlands) and three ethnic specific standards (the Netherlands, UK, Canada). In Surinamese South Asian babies from 1974 to 2009 no secular trend in mean birth weight and prevalence of LBW was found, whereas SGA prevalence decreased significantly.Surinamese South Asian babies born in 2006-2009 (2993 g; 95% CI 2959-3029 g) were 450 g lighter than Dutch Caucasian babies (3448 g; 95% CI 3429-3468 g), while LBW and SGA prevalences, based on universal standards, were three times higher. Application of ethnic specific standards from the Netherlands and the UK yielded SGA rates in Surinamese South Asian babies that were similar to Dutch. There were considerable differences between the standards used. Since 1974, although the mean birth weight of Surinamese South Asian babies remained unchanged, they gained a healthier weight for their gestational age.

Baby to Parent, Parent to Baby: A Guide to Developing Parent-Child Interaction in the First Twelve Months.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Ira J.

This non-technical book for parents discusses aspects of child care and family relations from the time of the baby's conception through the first year of its life, emphasizing ways of developing effective parent-child interaction. Topics covered include: preparing emotionally and physically for a baby; ways to "get to know" the baby during the…

Uptake, Outcomes, and Costs of Antenatal, Well-Baby, and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services under Routine Care Conditions in Zambia

PubMed Central

Scott, Callie A.; Iyer, Hari S.; Lembela Bwalya, Deophine; Bweupe, Maximillian; Rosen, Sydney B.; Scott, Nancy; Larson, Bruce A.

2013-01-01

Background Zambia adopted Option A for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in 2010 and announced a move to Option B+ in 2013. We evaluated the uptake, outcomes, and costs of antenatal, well-baby, and PMTCT services under routine care conditions in Zambia after the adoption of Option A. Methods We enrolled 99 HIV-infected/HIV-exposed (index) mother/baby pairs with a first antenatal visit in April-September 2011 at four study sites and 99 HIV-uninfected/HIV-unexposed (comparison) mother/baby pairs matched on site, gestational age, and calendar month at first visit. Data on patient outcomes and resources utilized from the first antenatal visit through six months postpartum were extracted from site registers. Costs in 2011 USD were estimated from the provider’s perspective. Results Index mothers presented for antenatal care at a mean 23.6 weeks gestation; 55% were considered to have initiated triple-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) based on information recorded in site registers. Six months postpartum, 62% of index and 30% of comparison mother/baby pairs were retained in care; 67% of index babies retained had an unknown HIV status. Comparison and index mother/baby pairs utilized fewer resources than under fully guideline-concordant care; index babies utilized more well-baby resources than comparison babies. The average cost per comparison pair retained in care six months postpartum was $52 for antenatal and well-baby services. The average cost per index pair retained was $88 for antenatal, well-baby, and PMTCT services and increased to $185 when costs of triple-drug ART services were included. Conclusions HIV-infected mothers present to care late in pregnancy and many are lost to follow up by six months postpartum. HIV-exposed babies are more likely to remain in care and receive non-HIV, well-baby care than HIV-unexposed babies. Improving retention in care, guideline concordance, and moving to Option B+ will result in increased service delivery costs in the short term. PMID:24015245

Visiting your baby in the NICU

MedlinePlus

... the baby. This can seem scary to new parents. They are not hurting the baby. Some tubes and wires are connected to monitors. They check the baby's breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature at all times. A tube through ...

Baby supplies you need

MedlinePlus

For the baby's clothes you will need: One-piece sleepers (4 to 6). Gown-types are the easiest for changing diapers and cleaning baby up. Mittens for the baby's hands to keep them from ... daytime outfits that snap (easiest for changing diapers ...

16 CFR 1509.7 - Hardware.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... NON-FULL-SIZE BABY CRIBS § 1509.7 Hardware. (a) The hardware in a non-full-size baby crib shall be... abuse. (b) Non-full-size baby cribs shall incorporate locking or latching devices for dropsides or... non-full-size baby crib. ...

Rotational Symmetry Breaking in Baby Skyrme Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karliner, Marek; Hen, Itay

We discuss one of the most interesting phenomena exhibited by baby skyrmions - breaking of rotational symmetry. The topics we will deal with here include the appearance of rotational symmetry breaking in the static solutions of baby Skyrme models, both in flat as well as in curved spaces, the zero-temperature crystalline structure of baby skyrmions, and finally, the appearance of spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry in rotating baby skyrmions.

Baby Schema in Infant Faces Induces Cuteness Perception and Motivation for Caretaking in Adults.

PubMed

Glocker, Melanie L; Langleben, Daniel D; Ruparel, Kosha; Loughead, James W; Gur, Ruben C; Sachser, Norbert

2009-03-01

Ethologist Konrad Lorenz proposed that baby schema ('Kindchenschema') is a set of infantile physical features such as the large head, round face and big eyes that is perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in other individuals, with the evolutionary function of enhancing offspring survival. Previous work on this fundamental concept was restricted to schematic baby representations or correlative approaches. Here, we experimentally tested the effects of baby schema on the perception of cuteness and the motivation for caretaking using photographs of infant faces. Employing quantitative techniques, we parametrically manipulated the baby schema content to produce infant faces with high (e.g. round face and high forehead), and low (e. g. narrow face and low forehead) baby schema features that retained all the characteristics of a photographic portrait. Undergraduate students (n = 122) rated these infants' cuteness and their motivation to take care of them. The high baby schema infants were rated as more cute and elicited stronger motivation for caretaking than the unmanipulated and the low baby schema infants. This is the first experimental proof of the baby schema effects in actual infant faces. Our findings indicate that the baby schema response is a critical function of human social cognition that may be the basis of caregiving and have implications for infant-caretaker interactions.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inv dup(15) chromosome presenting as a small supernumerary marker chromosome associated with the inv dup(15) syndrome.

PubMed

Chen, Chih-Ping; Lin, Shuan-Pei; Chern, Schu-Rern; Wu, Peih-Shan; Chen, Yen-Ni; Chen, Shin-Wen; Lee, Chen-Chi; Town, Dai-Dyi; Yang, Chien-Wen; Wang, Wayseen

2016-10-01

To present molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15 [inv dup(15)] presenting as a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) associated with the inv dup(15) syndrome. A 35-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis because of advanced maternal age at 27 weeks of gestation, which revealed an sSMC that was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to be derived from chromosome 15. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. A 3434-g male baby was delivered at term with no phenotypic abnormalities. The cord blood analysis revealed a bisatellited dicentric inv dup(15). When followed up at 21 years of age, the proband manifested hypotonia, ataxic gait, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, poor speech, and autism consistent with the inv dup(15) syndrome. Array comparative genomic hybridization of the peripheral blood revealed arr 15q11.1q13.2 (20,686,219-30,390,043) × 4, 15q13.2q13.3 (30,390,043-32,445,226) × 3. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+inv dup(15)(pter→q13::q13→pter). Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a maternal origin of the inv dup(15) chromosome. FISH analysis confirmed an inv dup(15) chromosome. Molecular cytogenetic techniques are useful for rapid diagnosis of an inv dup(15) chromosome associated with the inv dup(15) syndrome. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Placental Histopathology and Clinical Presentation of Severe Congenital Zika Syndrome in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infant.

PubMed

Rabelo, Kíssila; de Souza Campos Fernandes, Regina Célia; de Souza, Luiz José; Louvain de Souza, Thais; Dos Santos, Flávia Barreto; Guerra Nunes, Priscila Conrado; de Azeredo, Elzinandes Leal; Salomão, Natália Gedeão; Trindade, Gisela Freitas; Basílio-de-Oliveira, Carlos A; de Carvalho, Jorge José; Medina-Acosta, Enrique; Paes, Marciano Viana

2017-01-01

In the large Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic that occurred in Brazil in 2015, the intrauterine fetal exposure to ZIKV was associated with a significant risk of developing microcephaly and neurological disorders in the infected infants. ZIKV-associated disease has since been reported in 24 countries in the Americas. At present, definitive evidence is lacking regarding the intrauterine co-exposure to ZIKV and other viral infections and whether the coinfection impacts the risk of acquiring either infection or disease severity. Here, we provide evidence of intrauterine exposure to both ZIKV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, causing congenital Zika syndrome in an HIV-exposed uninfected infant. Clinical, imaging and laboratory examinations of the pregnant woman and the newborn were performed. Histopathology, ZIKV/HIV-specific immunoassays, and ultrastructural evaluation of the placenta were performed. The Zika-asymptomatic, HIV-positive pregnant woman underwent ultrasounds revealing fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, and brain atrophy. Her baby girl was born small for gestational age and with the neurological sequelae of congenital Zika syndrome. The evaluation of the abnormally large term placenta revealed severe damage to the maternal decidua and chorionic villi, cells positive for ZIKV-specific antigens but not for HIV antigens, and intracellular membranous clusters of virus-like particles approximately 25 nm in diameter. The rapid progression and severity of the congenital Zika syndrome may be related to the uncontrolled HIV disease in the mother. The poor inflammatory response observed in the placenta may have reduced the inherent risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Placental Histopathology and Clinical Presentation of Severe Congenital Zika Syndrome in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infant

PubMed Central

Rabelo, Kíssila; de Souza Campos Fernandes, Regina Célia; de Souza, Luiz José; Louvain de Souza, Thais; dos Santos, Flávia Barreto; Guerra Nunes, Priscila Conrado; de Azeredo, Elzinandes Leal; Salomão, Natália Gedeão; Trindade, Gisela Freitas; Basílio-de-Oliveira, Carlos A.; de Carvalho, Jorge José; Medina-Acosta, Enrique; Paes, Marciano Viana

2017-01-01

In the large Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic that occurred in Brazil in 2015, the intrauterine fetal exposure to ZIKV was associated with a significant risk of developing microcephaly and neurological disorders in the infected infants. ZIKV-associated disease has since been reported in 24 countries in the Americas. At present, definitive evidence is lacking regarding the intrauterine co-exposure to ZIKV and other viral infections and whether the coinfection impacts the risk of acquiring either infection or disease severity. Here, we provide evidence of intrauterine exposure to both ZIKV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, causing congenital Zika syndrome in an HIV-exposed uninfected infant. Clinical, imaging and laboratory examinations of the pregnant woman and the newborn were performed. Histopathology, ZIKV/HIV-specific immunoassays, and ultrastructural evaluation of the placenta were performed. The Zika-asymptomatic, HIV-positive pregnant woman underwent ultrasounds revealing fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, and brain atrophy. Her baby girl was born small for gestational age and with the neurological sequelae of congenital Zika syndrome. The evaluation of the abnormally large term placenta revealed severe damage to the maternal decidua and chorionic villi, cells positive for ZIKV-specific antigens but not for HIV antigens, and intracellular membranous clusters of virus-like particles approximately 25 nm in diameter. The rapid progression and severity of the congenital Zika syndrome may be related to the uncontrolled HIV disease in the mother. The poor inflammatory response observed in the placenta may have reduced the inherent risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. PMID:29270171

Association between sex, nutritional status, severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and immune status in infants with dengue hemorrhagic fever.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thanh Hung; Nguyen, Trong Lan; Lei, Huan-Yao; Lin, Yee-Shin; Le, Bich Lien; Huang, Kao-Jean; Lin, Chiou-Feng; Do, Quang Ha; Vu, Thi Que Huong; Lam, Thi My; Yeh, Trai-Ming; Huang, Jyh-Hsiung; Liu, Ching-Chuan; Halstead, Scott B

2005-04-01

The association between sex, nutritional status, and the severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), and immune status was investigated in 245 Vietnamese infants with predominantly primary infections with dengue virus. Male and female infants were at equal risk of developing DHF/DSS. However, infants of low height and weight for age were under-represented among DHF/DSS cases compared with 533 healthy baby clinic infant controls. Acute illness phase blood levels of selected cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and serum levels of antibodies to dengue virus were elevated in the same range in male and female infants with DHF/DSS, as well as in infants with and without malnutrition.

Zika virus: what, where from and where to?

PubMed

Basile, Kerri; Kok, Jen; Dwyer, Dominic E

2017-12-01

The significance of Zika virus as a clinically significant flavivirus has previously been under-recognised, until extensive outbreaks in Yap in 2007, French Polynesia in 2013 and the Americas since 2015. Although Zika virus infection is commonly asymptomatic or mild, emerging evidence suggests a strong link to microcephaly in babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. This article reviews the epidemiology, geographic distribution, basic virology, transmission, clinical presentation, potential complications, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Zika virus infection. Education on mosquito avoidance measures and vector control efforts currently remain key to reducing risk of transmission, whilst further research is underway to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Copyright © 2017 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Inheritance of balanced translocation t(17; 22) from a Down syndrome mother to a phenotypically normal daughter.

PubMed

Liu, X Y; Jiang, Y T; Wang, R X; Luo, L L; Liu, Y H; Liu, R Z

2015-08-28

We report that a 30-year-old woman with mental retardation was referred for prenatal diagnoses during pregnancy. An ultrasound scan showed that the heart structure and function of the fetus were normal. Cytogenetic analysis showed that the female karyotype was 47,XX, t(17; 22) (q21; q11), +21. The woman's husband had a normal male karyotype and was phenotypically normal. During this first pregnancy, an amniocentesis, which was done at 19 weeks, revealed that the fetal karyotype was 46,XX, t(17; 22) (q21; q11). Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing of amniotic fluid gave a normal result for chromosome 21. The child was a phenotypically normal female baby.

A successful case of Cushing's disease pregnancy treated with ketoconazole.

PubMed

Costenaro, Fabíola; Rodrigues, Ticiana C; de Lima, Paula B; Ruszczyk, Juliana; Rollin, Guilherme; Czepielewski, Mauro A

2015-03-01

The association of pregnancy and Cushing's disease (CD) is rare. Treatment of Cushing's syndrome (CS) is imperative to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. Ketoconazole is a widely used drug for CS control when the woman is not pregnant but concerns about its teratogenicity and embryotoxicity restricted its use during pregnancy. We describe a case of a CD patient managed with Ketoconazole during the first and second trimester and other cares for her metabolic CS aspects during pregnancy. She delivered a normal female baby. It is supposed that even with treatment the relatively hypercortisolemic mother could protect her child from the embryotoxicity of ketoconazole as proved in rat fetuses and we suggest that ketoconazole could be an emergency pharmacological therapeutic option for CS management during pregnancy.

Regional anesthesia in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension

PubMed Central

Ankichetty, Saravanan P; Chin, Ki Jinn; Chan, Vincent W; Sahajanandan, Raj; Tan, Hungling; Grewal, Anju; Perlas, Anahi

2013-01-01

Pregnancy induced hypertension is a hypertensive disorder, which occurs in 5% to 7% of all pregnancies. These parturients present to the labour and delivery unit ranging from gestational hypertension to HELLP syndrome. It is essential to understand the various clinical conditions that may mimic preeclampsia and the urgency of cesarean delivery, which may improve perinatal outcome. The administration of general anesthesia (GA) increases morbidity and mortality in both mother and baby. The provision of regional anesthesia when possible maintains uteroplacental blood flow, avoids the complications with GA, improves maternal and neonatal outcome. The use of ultrasound may increase the success rate. This review emphasizes on the regional anesthetic considerations when such parturients present to the labor and delivery unit. PMID:24249977

Newborn Screening Tests for your Baby

MedlinePlus

... decides which tests are required. Ask your baby’s health care provider which tests your baby will have. If your baby has ... state requires different tests, so ask your baby’s health care provider which tests your baby will have. You also can visit ...

7 CFR 319.56-43 - Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... § 319.56-43 Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia. (a) Immature, dehusked “baby” sweet corn (Zea mays L... consignments only. (b) Immature “baby” carrots (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus) for consumption measuring 10 to...

Co-exposure to methylmercury and inorganic arsenic in baby rice cereals and rice-containing teething biscuits.

PubMed

Rothenberg, Sarah E; Jackson, Brian P; Carly McCalla, G; Donohue, Alexis; Emmons, Alison M

2017-11-01

Rice is an important dietary source for methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxin, and inorganic arsenic (As), a human carcinogen. Rice baby cereals are a dietary source of inorganic As; however, less is known concerning MeHg concentrations in rice baby cereals and rice teething biscuits. MeHg concentrations were measured in 36 rice baby cereals, eight rice teething biscuits, and four baby cereals manufactured with oats/wheat (n = 48 total). Arsenic (As) species, including inorganic As, were determined in rice baby cereals and rice teething biscuits (n = 44/48), while total As was determined in all products (n = 48). Rice baby cereals and rice teething biscuits were on average 61 and 92 times higher in MeHg, respectively, and 9.4 and 4.7 times higher in total As, respectively, compared to wheat/oat baby cereals. For a 15-g serving of rice baby cereal, average MeHg intake was 0.0092μgday -1 (range: 0.0013-0.034μgday -1 ), while average inorganic As intake was 1.3μgday -1 (range: 0.37-2.3μgday -1 ). Inorganic As concentrations in two brands of rice baby cereal (n = 12/36 boxes of rice cereal) exceeded 100ng/g, the proposed action level from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Log 10 MeHg and inorganic As concentrations in rice baby cereals were strongly, positively correlated (Pearson's rho = 0.60, p < 0.001, n = 36). Rice-containing baby cereals and teething biscuits were a dietary source of both MeHg and inorganic As. Studies concerning the cumulative impacts of MeHg and inorganic As on offspring development are warranted. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improvements in bimanual hand function after baby-CIMT in two-year old children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A retrospective study.

PubMed

Nordstrand, Linda; Holmefur, Marie; Kits, Annika; Eliasson, Ann-Christin

2015-01-01

The common assumption that early-onset intensive intervention positively affects motor development has rarely been investigated for hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). This retrospective study explored the possible impact of baby constraint-induced movement therapy (baby-CIMT) on hand function at two years of age. We hypothesized that baby-CIMT in the first year of life would lead to better bimanual hand use at two years of age than would not receiving baby-CIMT. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) was administered at age 21 months (SD 2.4 months) in 72 children with unilateral CP, 31 of who received baby-CIMT. When dividing the children into four functional levels based on AHA, the proportional distribution differed between the groups in favour of baby-CIMT. Logistic regression analysis indicated that children in the baby-CIMT group were more likely than were children in the no baby-CIMT group to have a high functional level, even when controlling for the effect of brain lesion type (OR 5.83, 95% CI 1.44-23.56, p = 0.001). However, no difference was found between groups in the odds of having a very low functional level (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08-1.17, p = 0.084). The result shows that baby-CIMT at early age can have a positive effect. Children who received baby-CIMT were six times more likely to have a high functional level at two years of age than were children in the no baby-CIMT group. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mindful with Your Baby: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effects of a Mindful Parenting Group Training for Mothers and Their Babies in a Mental Health Context.

PubMed

Potharst, Eva S; Aktar, Evin; Rexwinkel, Marja; Rigterink, Margo; Bögels, Susan M

2017-01-01

Many mothers experience difficulties after the birth of a baby. Mindful parenting may have benefits for mothers and babies, because it can help mothers regulate stress, and be more attentive towards themselves and their babies, which may have positive effects on their responsivity. This study examined the effectiveness of Mindful with your baby , an 8-week mindful parenting group training for mothers with their babies. The presence of the babies provides on-the-spot practicing opportunities and facilitates generalization of what is learned. Forty-four mothers with their babies (0-18 months), who were referred to a mental health clinic because of elevated stress or mental health problems of the mother, infant (regulation) problems, or mother-infant interaction problems, participated in 10 groups, each comprising of three to six mother-baby dyads. Questionnaires were administered at pretest, posttest, 8-week follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Dropout rate was 7%. At posttest, 8-week follow-up, and 1-year follow-up, a significant improvement was seen in mindfulness, self-compassion, mindful parenting, (medium to large effects), as well as in well-being, psychopathology, parental confidence, responsivity, and hostility (small to large effects). Parental stress and parental affection only improved at the first and second follow-ups, respectively (small to medium effects), and maternal attention and rejection did not change. The infants improved in their positive affectivity (medium effect) but not in other aspects of their temperament. Mindful with your baby is a promising intervention for mothers with babies who are referred to mental health care because of elevated stress or mental health problems, infant (regulation) problems, or mother-infant interaction problems.

A comparative study to identify factors of caregiver burden between baby boomers and post baby boomers: a secondary analysis of a US online caregiver survey.

PubMed

Kim, Heejung; Lee, Sangeun; Cheon, Jooyoung; Hong, Soyun; Chang, Mido

2018-05-02

Baby boomers' position in the caregiving context is shifting from caregiver to care recipient as the population ages. While the unique characteristics of baby boomer caregivers are well established in caregiving literature, there is limited information about the next caregiving group after the baby boomers. In this study, the sociodemographic and caregiving-related characteristics of the two generations are compared and specific factors contributing to caregiver burden between baby boomer and post baby boomer caregivers are identified. This cross-sectional and correlational study used secondary analysis of data from the National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association of Retired Persons. A structured online survey was conducted in 2014 with randomly selected samples (n = 1069) in the United States focusing on sociodemographics, caregiving-related characteristics, and burden of care. Descriptive statistics, multivariate linear regression analyses, and Steiger's Z-test were used to identify group differences in multivariate factors related to caregiver burden in two generational groups. Baby boomers and post baby boomers experienced caregiver burden to a similar degree. Caregiving-related factors are more likely to increase burden of care than sociodemographics in both groups. Caregiving without choice and spending longer hours on caregiving tasks were common factors that increased the burden in both generational groups (all p values < 0.01). However, post baby boomer caregivers reported additional challenges, such as unemployment during caregiving, the dual responsibility of both adult and child care, and a family relationship with the care recipient. Due to the aging population of baby boomers, post baby boomers encounter different challenges related to caregiving burden, which is often considered an additional workload in their life course. Current policy and program tailored to baby boomers should be re-designed to meet the different needs of emerging caregivers. Specific vulnerable subgroups should have priority to receive the benefits of specific policies, such as those without choice and younger, working caregivers.

Infant Massage: Communicating through Touch.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Vivian

1998-01-01

Describes the benefits of infant massage, particularly for babies with deafness who have hearing parents. Steps for giving baby massages are provided, including placing a hand on the baby's stomach and making eye contact, starting with the legs, looking for cues, and communicating with the baby. (CR)

Stages of Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... Your baby can make a fist. The external sex organs show if your baby is a boy or girl. A woman who has an ultrasound ... Your baby can make a fist. The external sex organs show if your baby is a boy or girl. A woman who has an ultrasound ...

Common Infant and Newborn Problems

MedlinePlus

It is hard when your baby is sick. Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting. Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or cradle cap. Many of these problems are ... are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.

Recommendations for involving the family in developmental care of the NICU baby

PubMed Central

Craig, J W; Glick, C; Phillips, R; Hall, S L; Smith, J; Browne, J

2015-01-01

Family involvement is a key to realize the potential for long-lasting positive effects on physical, cognitive and psychosocial development of all babies, including those in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Family-centered developmental care (FCDC) recognizes the family as vital members of the NICU health-care team. As such, families are integrated into decision-making processes and are collaborators in their baby's care. Through standardized use of FCDC principles in the NICU, a foundation is constructed to enhance the family's lifelong relationship with their child and optimize development of the baby. Recommendations are made for supporting parental roles as caregivers of their babies in the NICU, supporting NICU staff participation in FCDC and creating NICU policies that support this type of care. These recommendations are designed to meet the basic human needs of all babies, the special needs of hospitalized babies and the needs of families who are coping with the crisis of having a baby in the NICU. PMID:26597804

Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity in large preterm babies in South India.

PubMed

Shah, Parag K; Narendran, Venkatapathy; Kalpana, Narendran

2012-09-01

To describe aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) in a subset of premature babies, having gestational age (GA) of ≥28 weeks and birth weight (BW) of ≥1000 g. Retrospective observational case series. Case records of 99 babies, who were diagnosed to have APROP between July 2002 and October 2010 were reviewed. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out in 19 babies. The mean GA was 31.7 weeks (range 28-35 weeks) and mean BW was 1572 g (range 1000-2310 g). All these babies received supplemental unblended oxygen 3 days or longer after birth. Of the 52 babies who had an eye exam in the neonatal intensive care unit prior to discharge, 35 babies had loss of vascularised retina from zone II to zone I and four babies from zone III to zone I, when examined as an outpatient. FFA revealed large geographic areas of vaso-obliteration (more than 30 disc areas) posterior to the shunt vessels within vascularised retina. Features of severe capillary bed loss in the vascularised retina were seen in our cases. Oxygen could be a precipitating factor in causing this retinopathy of prematurity in large babies.

The total thermal insulation of the new-born baby

PubMed Central

Hey, E. N.; Katz, G.; O'Connell, Bridget

1970-01-01

1. One hundred and seventeen healthy new-born babies weighing between 0·9 and 4·8 kg at delivery have been studied during the first ten days of life, and sixteen of these babies have been studied serially for 6 weeks after birth. The babies lay supine in a draught-free environment (air speed 4-5 cm/sec) of moderate humidity. The operative temperature was between 26 and 38° C for the babies who were studied naked. 2. Total non-evaporative heat loss was calculated from simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss and the concomitant change in mean body temperature. 3. Approximately 10% of the total body surface area was in contact with the mattress or floor. Conductive heat loss accounted for only about 5% of all non-evaporative heat loss when the naked baby was lying on a thick foam mattress, but for as much as 25% when the baby was lying in a water-jacketed chamber with a floor of clear plastic ∼ 5 mm thick. 4. Insulation to heat loss by convection and radiation varied with environmental temperature. Total specific insulation was low in a warm environment when the naked baby vasodilated, and rose by between 16 and 25% to a maximum in an environment of 31° C. It decreased significantly when the baby became physically active in environments with a temperature less than this. 5. Total specific insulation in an environment of 31° C varied with body size: it averaged 0·156° C.m2.hr/kcal in seven naked babies weighing 0·9-1·2 kg, rose to 0·190° C.m2.hr/kcal in twelve babies weighing 1·8-2·2 kg, and averaged 0·201° C.m2.hr/kcal in the thirty-four babies who weighed over 3 kg. Tissue insulation accounted for 23% of this total specific insulation in the smaller babies, and about 28% of the total in babies weighing over 3 kg. 6. Clothing ten babies in a vest, napkin and long cotton nightdress increased the total specific insulation by an average of 0·23° C.m2.hr/kcal. PMID:5503276

Parenting Education - Health and Hygiene.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Indian Child Abuse and Neglect Resource Center, Tulsa, OK.

The second in a series on parenting education for American Indians, the booklet offers information on health and hygiene for the mother-to-be and the newborn baby. Chapters include care during pregnancy, mother's weight, mother's health, feeding newborns, washing the baby, baby's early diet, and baby's health care. (ERB)

Development of the e-Baby serious game with regard to the evaluation of oxygenation in preterm babies: contributions of the emotional design.

PubMed

Fonseca, Luciana Mara Monti; Dias, Danielle Monteiro Vilela; Góes, Fernanda Dos Santos Nogueira; Seixas, Carlos Alberto; Scochi, Carmen Gracinda Silvan; Martins, José Carlos Amado; Rodrigues, Manuel Alves

2014-09-01

The present study aimed to describe the development process of a serious game that enables users to evaluate the respiratory process in a preterm infant based on an emotional design model. The e-Baby serious game was built to feature the simulated environment of an incubator, in which the user performs a clinical evaluation of the respiratory process in a virtual preterm infant. The user learns about the preterm baby's history, chooses the tools for the clinical evaluation, evaluates the baby, and determines whether his/her evaluation is appropriate. The e-Baby game presents phases that contain respiratory process impairments of higher or lower complexity in the virtual preterm baby. Included links give the user the option of recording the entire evaluation procedure and sharing his/her performance on a social network. e-Baby integrates a Clinical Evaluation of the Preterm Baby course in the Moodle virtual environment. This game, which evaluates the respiratory process in preterm infants, could support a more flexible, attractive, and interactive teaching and learning process that includes simulations with features very similar to neonatal unit realities, thus allowing more appropriate training for clinical oxygenation evaluations in at-risk preterm infants. e-Baby allows advanced user-technology-educational interactions because it requires active participation in the process and is emotionally integrated.

Baby-Friendly Practices Minimize Newborn Infants Weight Loss.

PubMed

Procaccini, Diane; Curley, Ann L Cupp; Goldman, Martha

2018-04-01

It is accepted that newborns lose weight in the first few days of life. Baby-Friendly practices that support breastfeeding may affect newborn weight loss. The objective of this study were: 1) To determine whether Baby-Friendly practices are associated with term newborn weight loss day 0-2 in three feeding categories (exclusively breastfed, mixed formula fed and breastfed, and formula fed). 2) To determine whether Baby-Friendly practices increase exclusive breast feeding rates in different ethnic populations. This was a retrospective case-control study. Term newborn birth weight, neonatal weights days 0-2, feeding type, type of birth, and demographic information were collected for 1,000 births for the year before Baby-Friendly designation (2010) and 1,000 in 2013 (after designation). Ultimately 683 in the first group and 518 in the second met the inclusion criteria. Mean weight loss decreased day 0-2 for infants in all feeding types after the initiation of Baby-Friendly practices. There was a statistically significant effect of Baby-Friendly designation on weight loss for day 0-2 in exclusively breastfed infants (p < 0.01) after controlling for birth weight. Exclusive breast feeding increased in all ethnic groups after Baby-Friendly practices were put in place. There was a decrease in mean weight loss day 0-2 regardless of feeding type after Baby-Friendly designation. Exclusive breast feeding increased in the presence of Baby-Friendly practices.

First principle study of heterostructure of BaBi3-stanene for topological superconductor applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kore, Ashish; Singh, Poorva

2018-05-01

We have studied the heterostructure of BaBi3 (superconductor) and stanene (topological insulator) with the aim of inducing topological superconductivity in stanene, due to proximity with superconductor BaBi3. The density functional theory calculations have been done for 2D structure of BaBi3 as well as for monolayer of stanene, separately. We find that compared to bulk BaBi3, the 2D bandstructure has contributions coming from both Ba and Bi atoms, unlike bulk where only Bi-p states are contributing to the bandstructure. Surface reconstruction of surface and sub-surface layer of 2D BaBi3 is also evident. The bandstructure of heterostructure of BaBi3-stanene is expected to bring out explicit features of topological superconductivity and indicating the presence of Majorana fermions.

Food allergy in breastfeeding babies. Hidden allergens in human milk.

PubMed

Martín-Muñoz, M F; Pineda, F; García Parrado, G; Guillén, D; Rivero, D; Belver, T; Quirce, S

2016-07-01

Food allergy is a rare disorder among breastfeeding babies. Our aim was to identify responsible allergens in human milk. We studied babies developing allergic symptoms at the time they were breastfeeding. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed with breast milk and food allergens. Specific IgE was assessed and IgE Immunoblotting experiments with breast milk were carried out to identify food allergens. Clinical evolution was evaluated after a maternal free diet. Five babies had confirmed breast milk allergy. Peanut, white egg and/or cow's milk were demonstrated as the hidden responsible allergens. No baby returned to develop symptoms once mother started a free diet. Three of these babies showed tolerance to other food allergens identified in human milk. A maternal free diet should be recommended only if food allergy is confirmed in breastfed babies.

Migration of bisphenol A from plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles.

PubMed

Kubwabo, C; Kosarac, I; Stewart, B; Gauthier, B R; Lalonde, K; Lalonde, P J

2009-06-01

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has recently received special attention. It has been shown that exposure to BPA may occur through the consumption of beverages or foods that have been in contact with polycarbonate (PC) plastic containers or epoxy resins in food packaging. A BPA migration study was conducted using a variety of plastic containers, including polycarbonate baby bottles, non-PC baby bottles, baby bottle liners, and reusable PC drinking bottles. Water was used to simulate migration into aqueous and acidic foods; 10% ethanol solution to simulate migration to low- and high-alcoholic foods; and 50% ethanol solution to simulate migration to fatty foods. By combining solid-phase extraction, BPA derivatization and analysis by GC-EI/MS/MS, a very low detection limit at the ng l(-1) level was obtained. Migration of BPA at 40 degrees C ranged from 0.11 microg l(-1) in water incubated for 8 h to 2.39 microg l(-1) in 50% ethanol incubated for 240 h. Residual BPA leaching from PC bottles increased with temperature and incubation time. In comparison with the migration observed from PC bottles, non-PC baby bottles and baby bottle liners showed only trace levels of BPA. Tests for leachable lead and cadmium were also conducted on glass baby bottles since these represent a potential alternative to plastic bottles. No detectable lead or cadmium was found to leach from the glass. This study indicated that non-PC plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and glass baby bottles might be good alternatives for polycarbonate bottles.

Maternal and foetal risk factor and complication with immediate outcome during hospital stay of very low birth weight babies.

PubMed

Mannan, M A; Jahan, N; Dey, S K; Uddin, M F; Ahmed, S

2012-10-01

This prospective study was done to find out the maternal and foetal risk factors and complications during hospital stay. It was conducted in Special Care Neonatal Unit (SCANU), Department of Child Health, Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital (BBMH), University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) from1st October 2001 to 30th March 2002 and cases were 35 very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns. Common complications of VLBW babies of this series were frequent apnea (40%), Septicemia (25.71%), Hypothermia (17.14%), NEC (14.28%), Convulsion (11.43%), Hyper-bilirubinaemia (8.57%), Anemia (5.71%), IVH (5.71%), RDS (2.86%), HDN (2.86%), CCF (2.86%), ARF (2.86%), either alone or in combination with other clinical conditions. Newborns 62.86% male, 37.14% female & their mortality rate were 40.91% & 38.46% respectively; Preterm 88.57% & their mortality (41.93%) were higher than term babies (25.00%); AGA 62.86%, SGA 37.14% & mortality rate of AGA babies (45.46%) were higher than of SGA (30.77%) babies. The mortality rate of VLBW infants of teen age (≤ 18 years) mothers (57.14%) & high (≥ 30 years) aged mothers (50.00%) were higher than average (19-26 yrs) maternal age mothers (33.33%). Mortality rate was higher among the babies of primi (41.67%) than multiparous (36.36%), poor socioeconomic group (53.33%) than middle class (30.00%) & mothers on irregular ANC (47.83%) than regular ANC (25.00%). It has been also noted the mortality rate of home delivered babies (50.00%) higher than institutional delivered (34.78%) babies; higher in LUCS babies (46.15%) than normal vaginal delivered babies (31.58%); higher in the babies who had antenatal maternal problem (48.15%) than no maternal problems babies (12.50%); higher in the babies who had fetal distress (50.00%) and twin (46.67%) than no foetal risk factors (28.57%) during intrauterine life; higher in the babies who had problems at admission (46.67%) than no problems (35.00%); and mortality higher in twin (46.67%) than singleton babies (35.00%). Maximum VLBW babies who died during hospital stay had multiple problems and mortality was varied from ?60-100%. The babies who had frequent apnea have been carried relative better outcome (mortality rate 35.72%). In this study out of total 35 studied baby 21(60.00%) survived and 14(40.00%) died. Frequent apnea, sepsis, hypothermia, NEC, convulsion, jaundice, anemia, IVH, and RDS are common complications in VLBW babies. Male sex, prematurity, primiparity, average (middle) socio-economic status, irregular ANC, preterm labor, toxemia of pregnancy, prolonged rupture of membrane, malnutrition, multiple gestations and foetal distress are risk factor for VLBW delivery. Clinical outcome depends on maturity, birth weight, centile for weight, maternal age, parity, maternal nutrition & socio-economic status, ANC, place & mode of delivery, maternal problems during antenatal & perinatal period, number of gestation, fetal condition, presentation at admission, postnatal problems, time of start of management & referral and level of care.

May Babies and Posttenure Babies: Maternal Decisions of Women Professors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armenti, Carmen

2004-01-01

This research explores the maternal and career progression decisions of different generations of women professors in Canada. Nineteen women, interviewed in-depth, reveal how they carefully plan childbearing and childrearing experiences around their demanding work schedules, by having May babies or posttenure babies. Results demonstrate the need…

Understanding How Babies Build Language Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honig, Alice Sterling

2006-01-01

Language is a great communication system. Through language, humans can express logical reasoning, grief, happiness, wishes, descriptions, and a rich array of feelings and ideas. Every baby deserves the gift of language power! In this article, the author discusses how babies build language skills and presents activities to help babies build…

Protect Your Baby for Life: When a Pregnant Woman Has Hepatitis B

MedlinePlus

... Hepatitis B. Can doctors prevent a baby from getting Hepatitis B? Yes. Babies born to women with Hepatitis B get two shots soon after birth. One is the first dose of the Hepatitis ... prevent the baby from getting Hepatitis B. The shots work best when they ...

Interest in Babies during Young Adulthood.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, S. Shirley; Nash, Sharon Churnin

1978-01-01

Interest in babies was studied in 120 young adult males and females belonging to four stages of life: cohabiting singles, childless-married couples, expecting first child, and parents of an infant. Measures included responsivity to an unfamiliar baby, interest in pictures of babies, and a sex-role self-concept inventory. (Author/JMB)

Skin-to-skin contact. Part one: just an hour of your time...

PubMed

Vincent, Sarah

2011-05-01

A growing body of evidence suggests that extended skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately after birth provides numerous and significant benefits including regulating heartbeat and temperature for the baby, protecting against infections, and promoting feelings of calm and wellbeing in both mother and baby. As a result the Baby Friendly Initiative has increased the amount of time that mothers and babies should spend in skin contact to one hour minimum, and much more where possible.

Of snakes and babies: intrathoracic stomach and vertebral rachischisis. A serpentine-like syndrome?

PubMed

Katz, Michael S; Hess, Donavon J; Caty, Michael G; Khan, Abdur R; Glick, Philip L

2008-07-01

Snakes have intrathoracic stomachs and rachischisis-like spinal vertebrae. These anomalies are rare in babies and have not been previously described in combination in the English medical literature. Here we present 2 cases of total intrathoracic stomach with a foreshortened esophagus, cervical spine rachischisis, and splenic anomalies in newborns. Both had 46, XX karyotypes. The first case was initially treated with mobilization of the stomach into the abdomen. However, at 18 months the stomach was found to have retracted back into the thorax. Subsequently, the patient received a Collis gastroplasty and G-tube. Two-year follow-up is available. The second case exhibited the abovementioned anomalies along with absence of toes 3 and 4 on the right foot, and cardiac anomalies not compatible with life. The parents chose to withdraw support. The encountered abnormalities may be explained by a first trimester mesenchymal insult and share some similarities with the VACTERL association. In our experience, mobilization of the stomach into the abdomen without elongation of the esophagus will fail. If tolerated, the management of the intrathoracic stomach should include preoperative intragastric feedings to allow time for gastric enlargement followed by a Collis gastroplasty. The management of cervical rachischisis requires assessment of cervical spine stability and cervical immobilization. As other life-threatening birth defects may be present, thorough evaluation should be completed before counseling the families of the treatment options available.

Boosting Your Baby's Brain Power

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel-Smothers, Holly; Heim, Susan M.

2009-01-01

With more than 100 billion neurons that would stretch more than 60,000 miles, a newborn baby's brain is quite phenomenal! These neurons must generally form connections within the first eight months of a baby's life to foster optimal brain growth and lifelong learning. Mommies, daddies, and caregivers are extremely vital to ensuring babies reach…

Baby Factories in Nigeria: Starting the Discussion Toward a National Prevention Policy.

PubMed

Makinde, Olusesan Ayodeji; Olaleye, Olalekan; Makinde, Olufunmbi Olukemi; Huntley, Svetlana S; Brown, Brandon

2017-01-01

Baby factories and baby harvesting are relatively new terms that involve breeding, trafficking, and abuse of infants and their biological mothers. Since it was first described in a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization report in Nigeria in 2006, several more baby factories have been discovered over the years. Infertile women are noted to be major patrons of these baby factories due to the stigmatization of childless couples in Southern Nigeria and issues around cultural acceptability of surrogacy and adoption. These practices have contributed to the growth in the industry which results in physical, psychological, and sexual violence to the victims. Tackling baby factories will involve a multifaceted approach that includes advocacy and enacting of legislation barring baby factories and infant trafficking and harsh consequences for their patrons. Also, programs to educate young girls on preventing unwanted pregnancies are needed. Methods of improving awareness and acceptability of adoption and surrogacy and reducing the administrative and legal bottlenecks associated with these options for infertile couples should be explored to diminish the importance of baby factories. © The Author(s) 2015.

The myth of the miracle baby: how neonatal nurses interpret media accounts of babies of extreme prematurity.

PubMed

Green, Janet; Darbyshire, Philip; Adams, Anne; Jackson, Debra

2015-09-01

Improved life sustaining technology in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has resulted in an increased probability of survival in extremely premature babies. Miracle baby stories in the popular press are a regular occurrence and these reports are often the first source from which the general public learn about extremely premature babies. The research from which this paper is drawn sought to explore the care-giving and ethical dilemmas of neonatal nurses when caring for extremely premature babies 24 weeks gestation and less. This current paper aims to outline the views of neonatal nurses on miracle baby stories in the media. Data were collected via a questionnaire to 760 Australian neonatal nurses with 414 returned, representing a response rate of 54.4%. Narrative was collected from semi-structured interviews with 24 experienced neonatal nurses in NSW, Australia. A qualitative approach utilising thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The theme the myth of the miracle baby is seen as generating myths and unrealistic expectations on the part of vulnerable families and the public. Neonatal nurses, as the primary caregivers for tiny babies and their families, viewed popular media publications with suspicion, believing published reports to be incomplete, inaccurate and biased towards the positive. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Microcosting Study of Establishing a Baby Café® in Texas.

PubMed

Delgado, Rigoberto I; Gill, Sara L

2018-02-01

This article focuses on the costs of opening and running a Baby Café. A Baby Café is an intervention that focuses on providing peer-to-peer support for breastfeeding mothers. Research aim: This study aimed to estimate the costs of establishing and running a Baby Café. The authors used a microcosting approach to identifying costs using the case of a Baby Café located in San Antonio, Texas, and modeled after other existing cafés in the United States. They also used extensive literature review and conducted an informal interview with a manager of an existing Baby Café in the United States to validate our cost data. The cost analysis was done from the provider perspective. Costs of starting a Baby Café were $36,000, whereas annual operating costs totaled $47,000. Total discounted costs for a 5-year period amounted to $250,000, resulting in a cost per Baby Café session of $521 and cost per mother of $104. Varying the number of sessions per week and number of mothers attending each session, the discounted cost per Baby Café session ranged between $460 and $740 and the cost per mother varied between $65 and $246. These findings can be used by policy makers and organizations to evaluate local resource requirements for starting a Baby Café. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention against other breastfeeding promoting initiatives.

Hearing Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

PubMed Central

Shah, Neha; Patel, Kalpesh B.; Vishwakarma, Rajesh

2015-01-01

Introduction: To study the incidence of hearing loss among children and to determine and confirm the distribution of common risk factors in children with hearing loss presenting at a tertiary care hospital in India. Materials and Methods: Babies underwent hearing screening using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) from November 2009 to September 2011. It was a cross-sectional study carried out at our institute involving 500 babies (≤2 y). To identify the high risk babies, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2007) High risk registry was used. Results: In our study 110 (22%) babies belonged to high risk category and 11(2.2%) of total screened babies had significant hearing loss. Total number of babies who passed the initial screening with TEOAE was 284 (56.8%). On diagnostic AABR screening of TEOAE REFERRED babies, the babies with no risk factor showed normal AABR tracings whereas from among those with one or multiple risk factors (110 babies), 11(10%) showed different levels of hearing impairment. Hearing loss was highly associated with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission i.e. 8/11(72.7%), followed by Low Birth Weight (LBW) and hypoxia (6/11 i.e. 54.5% each). Conclusion: Hearing loss is more common in those babies with risk factors (majority being NICU admission, LBW and hypoxia). OAE and ABR screening of infants at risk for significant hearing loss is a clinically efficient and cost effective approach for early detection of significant hearing loss. PMID:25954639

Bringing Baby-Friendly to the Indian Health Service: A Systemwide Approach to Implementation.

PubMed

Karol, Susan; Tah, Tina; Kenon, Clifton; Meyer, Jenna; Yazzie, Jeannette; Stephens, Celissa; Merewood, Anne

2016-05-01

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) increases exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding protects against obesity and diabetes, conditions to which American Indians and Alaska Natives are particularly prone. As part of the First Lady'sLet's Move! in Indian Countryinitiative, the US Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health Service (IHS) began implementing the BFHI in 2011. The IHS administers 13 US birthing hospitals. There are 5 tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states that receive IHS funding, and the IHS encouraged them to seek Baby-Friendly designation also. In the 13 federally administered hospitals, the IHS implemented a Baby-Friendly infant feeding policy, extensive clinician training, and Baby-Friendly compatible medical records. All hospitals also became compliant with the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Strategies and solutions were shared systemwide via webinars and conference calls. Quality improvement methods, technical assistance, and site visits assisted with the implementation process. Between 2011 and December 2014, 100% (13 of 13) of IHS federally administered hospitals gained Baby-Friendly designation. The first Baby-Friendly hospitals in Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota were all IHS sites; 6% of all US Baby-Friendly hospitals are currently IHS hospitals. One tribal site has also been Baby-Friendly designated and 3 of the 5 remaining tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states are pursuing Baby-Friendly status. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative implementation systemwide is possible in a US government agency serving a high-risk, underprivileged population. Other systems looking to implement the BFHI can learn from the IHS model. © International Lactation Consultant Association 2015.

Factors associated with early neonatal attendance to a paediatric emergency department.

PubMed

Flanagan, C F; Stewart, M

2014-03-01

To examine the demographic and perinatal factors involved in the presentation of newborn babies to a paediatric emergency department (PED) and outcome following attendance. Term babies who attended the PED of the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children (RBHSC) in the first 2 weeks of life, during two separate 3-month periods in summer and winter 2010-2011 were identified retrospectively from the PED electronic database. Perinatal and demographic data were also obtained on all babies born in the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital (RJMH) during the same time period. A total of 223 attendances to the PED involving 208 babies were identified with almost equal distribution during summer and winter months. Almost two thirds (n=139, 62%) of babies presented out-of-hours. Over half of babies were self-referred by parent/carer. The most common presentation was feeding difficulty, vomiting or faltering growth, accounting for 36%. Significant factors associated with attendance to PED included birth weight <2500 g, deprivation and postnatal stay more than 2 days. Sixty-one babies (24%) presenting to PED were admitted to hospital. Significant factors for admission included age ≤ 48 h and presentation during the standard working day. Overall, a third of babies admitted stayed less than 24 h (34%). Large numbers of babies attend the PED in the first 2 weeks of life, commonly out of hours, from deprived areas and with feeding difficulties. A quarter of babies attending are admitted to hospital, with one-third discharged following an overnight stay. Services should be reevaluated, particularly in this current financial climate, in an attempt to find new models of care for these young babies.

Baby boomers' adoption of consumer health technologies: survey on readiness and barriers.

PubMed

LeRouge, Cynthia; Van Slyke, Craig; Seale, Deborah; Wright, Kevin

2014-09-08

As they age, baby boomers (born 1946-1964) will have increasing medical needs and are likely to place large demand on health care resources. Consumer health technologies may help stem rising health care needs and costs by improving provider-to-patient communication, health monitoring, and information access and enabling self-care. Research has not explored the degree to which baby boomers are ready for, or are currently embracing, specific consumer health technologies This study explores how baby boomers' readiness to use various technologies for health purposes compares to other segments of the adult population. The goals of the study are to (1) examine what technologies baby boomers are ready to use for health purposes, (2) investigate barriers to baby boomers' use of technology for health purposes, and (3) understand whether readiness for and barriers to baby boomers' use of consumer health technologies differ from those of other younger and older consumers. Data were collected via a survey offered to a random sample of 3000 subscribers to a large pharmacy benefit management company. Respondents had the option to complete the survey online or by completing a paper-based version of the survey. Data from 469 respondents (response rate 15.63%) were analyzed, including 258 baby boomers (aged 46-64 years), 72 younger (aged 18-45 years), and 139 older (age >64 years) participants. Baby boomers were found to be similar to the younger age group, but significantly more likely than the older age group to be ready to use 5 technologies for health purposes (health information websites, email, automated call centers, medical video conferencing, and texting). Baby boomers were less ready than the younger age group to adopt podcasts, kiosks, smartphones, blogs, and wikis for health care purposes. However, baby boomers were more likely than older adults to use smartphones and podcasts for health care purposes. Specific adoption barriers vary according to the technology. Baby boomers have commonalities with and distinctions from both younger and older adults in their readiness to adopt specific consumer health technologies and the barriers they experience to adoption. Baby boomers' nuances regarding readiness to adopt and the barriers associated with the various forms of consumer health technology should be taken into account by those interested in promoting consumer health technologies use among baby boomers when developing applications, choosing technologies, preparing users for use, and in promotional tactics.

Infant & Toddlers: How to Calm an Exuberant Baby

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honig, Alice Sterling

2006-01-01

It is important to understand that babies differ in temperament. Some are sensationally exuberant and loud. Others are more withdrawn and quiet. Babies also differ in tempo and style. Some eat with gusto. Others deliberately scoop a bit of cooked cereal onto a spoon and slowly munch on their food. Helping a baby learn to modulate voice tones means…

Baby, It's You: International Capital Discovers the under Threes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Patrick

2005-01-01

Well-established international entertainment firms such as Disney and Fisher-Price are joining new start-up firms such as Baby Einstein to create a 'Baby' market of products (including toys, games and videos) specifically targeted at children aged 0-3 years. Despite its novelty, the "Baby" market mirrors older markets that…

The Baby Boomer Generation--Impact on Public Libraries: Theoretical and Practical Evidence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahlert, Maureen V.

This paper discusses the impact of the Baby Boomer generation on public libraries. The paper has five main objectives: (1) to provide a statistical and demographic profile of the Baby Boomers at the local, state, and national levels within Australia; (2) to provide characteristics of the Baby Boomer generation; (3) to present comparative results…

Organizing the Baby Boomer Construct: An Exploration of Marketing, Social Systems, and Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lipschultz, Jeremy H.; Hilt, Michael L.; Reilly, Hugh J.

2007-01-01

Baby boomer trends are applied in the development of a conceptual framework that offers a social systems and cultural model for future studies. While there has been considerable recent attention paid to baby boomers, the studies lack a coherent theoretical base that would allow for more advanced and continuing research. Aging baby boomers heading…

Rocking & Rolling: Supporting Infants, Toddlers, and Their Families. Helping Babies Make Transitions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merrill, Sarah; Britt, Donna

2008-01-01

The authors discuss three steps to helping babies with transitions: observe, ask, and respond (OAR). They advise teachers about how to ask a family questions about their baby and how to give the family suggestions to alleviate the baby's stress, without offending family members. This column includes a list of recommended resources. (Contains 7…

Implementing the Fussy Baby Network[R] Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilkerson, Linda; Hofherr, Jennifer; Heffron, Mary Claire; Sims, Jennifer Murphy; Jalowiec, Barbara; Bromberg, Stacey R.; Paul, Jennifer J.

2012-01-01

Erikson Institute Fussy Baby Network[R] (FBN) developed an approach to engaging parents around their urgent concerns about their baby's crying, sleeping, or feeding in a way which builds their longer-term capacities as parents. This approach, called the FAN, is now in place in new Fussy Baby Network programs around the country and is being infused…

A World of Babies: Imagined Childcare Guides for Eight Societies. 2nd Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gottlieb, Alma; DeLoache, Judy

2016-01-01

Should babies sleep alone in cribs, or in bed with parents? Is talking to babies useful, or a waste of time? "A World of Babies" provides different answers to these and countless other child-rearing questions, precisely because diverse communities around the world hold drastically different beliefs about parenting. While celebrating that…

You Are Your Baby's First Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Segal, Marilyn M.

This easy-to-read manual for parents describes what a baby learns in the first year of life and suggests specific things parents or caregivers can do to encourage a baby to use his body, senses, and mind to communicate. Each chapter is concerned with 1 month of the infant's life and includes sections on (1) Baby's Viewpoint (discussion of the…

Bringing New Families to the Museum One Baby at a Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Alicia

2012-01-01

"Bring Your Baby to the Danforth Museum of Art" is a program for mothers. Unlike other museum programs that focus on the needs of children, Bring Your Baby caters to the intellectual interests of the adult parent. Parents learn about artworks, play with babies in a beautiful environment, and socialize with other families. The program is…

42 CFR 457.520 - Cost sharing for well-baby and well-child care services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Adolescents.” (3) Laboratory tests associated with the well-baby and well-child routine physical examinations... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost sharing for well-baby and well-child care... well-baby and well-child care services. (a) A State may not impose copayments, deductibles, coinsurance...

75 FR 43107 - Revocation of Requirements for Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-23

... Improvement Act of 2008 (``CPSIA'') requires the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (``CPSC'' or... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 16 CFR Parts 1508 and 1509 [CPSC Docket No. CPSC-2010-0075] Revocation of Requirements for Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full- Size Baby Cribs AGENCY: Consumer Product...

Sick-visit immunizations and delayed well-baby visits.

PubMed

Robison, Steve G

2013-07-01

Giving recommended immunizations during sick visits for minor and acute illness such as acute otitis media has long been an American Academy of Pediatrics/Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommendation. An addition to the American Academy of Pediatrics policy in 2010 advised considering whether giving immunizations at the sick visit would discourage making up missed well-baby visits. This study quantifies the potential tradeoff between sick-visit immunizations and well-baby visits. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis with a case-control component of sick visits for acute otitis media that supplanted normal well-baby visits at age 2, 4, or 6 months. Infants were stratified for sick-visit immunization, no sick-visit immunization but quick makeup well-baby visits, or no sick-visit immunizations or quick makeup visits. Immunization rates and well-baby visit rates were assessed through 24 months of age. For 1060 study cases, no significant difference was detected in immunization rates or well-baby visits through 24 months of age between those with or without sick-visit immunizations. Thirty-nine percent of infants without a sick-visit shot failed to return for a quick makeup well-baby visit; this delayed group was significantly less likely to be up-to-date for immunizations (relative risk: 0.66) and had fewer well-baby visits (mean: 3.8) from 2 through 24 months of age compared with those with sick-visit shots (mean: 4.7). The substantial risk that infants will not return for a timely makeup well-baby visit after a sick visit should be included in any consideration of whether to delay immunizations.

Evaluation of retinopathy of prematurity screening in reverse Kangaroo Mother Care: a pilot study.

PubMed

Padhi, T R; Sareen, D; Pradhan, L; Jalali, S; Sutar, S; Das, T; Modi, R R; Behera, U C

2015-04-01

To evaluate retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening practice in reverse Kangaroo Mother Care (R-KMC) with respect to stress and pain to the infant. In a pilot study we evaluated ROP screening practice in R-KMC in 20 babies at risk of ROP. The R-KMC differed from the conventional KMC with respect to the baby position where the baby lay supine on mother's chest. With the mother lying supine and the baby in R-KMC position, screening examinations were done with indirect ophthalmoscope. The outcome measures included stress (quantified by pulse, respiration, and oxygen saturation) and pain to the baby by observing facial expression (eye squeezing, crying, and brow bulge). The heart rate, respiratory rate, and SpO2 (%) were compared before and immediately after the procedure using paired t-test. Mean (±SD) gestational age and birth weight were 30.8±2.3 weeks and 1362.5±253.9 g, respectively. During examination in R- KMC position 8 babies (40%) were completely relaxed (no eye squeezing and crying), 10 (50%) were partially relaxed (no brow bulge) and 2 babies (10%) were not relaxed. A change in heart and respiration rate both by 10 per minute was recorded in 12 (60%) and 10 (50%) babies, respectively. Five babies (25%) had reduction in blood oxygen concentration below 92%. The majority of the mothers (19 of 20) were relaxed. ROP screening in R-KMC can be a baby friendly screening practice with respect to stress and pain to the infant and needs further evaluation in a larger cohort.

You don't leave your baby--mother's experiences after a stillbirth.

PubMed

Lindgren, H; Malm, M C; Rådestad, I

When a baby has died during pregnancy, the first encounter between mother and child occurs when the baby is already dead. Despair, emptiness, and grief characterize the encounter, which is also a gradual farewell to the child and the planned future for the family. This study describes mothers' experiences of the farewell of their stillborn baby at discharge from hospital. Twenty-three mothers from different parts of Sweden, who suffered stillbirth, were interviewed. Semi-structured questions were used and the replies were analyzed using content analysis. The mothers describe the separation from the child when leaving hospital as unnatural and that the separation ruins the motherhood they felt during pregnancy. Five categories were identified: unnatural to leave the baby; going home empty-handed; access to the child; security and insecurity in the separation; to let go. The overarching theme that we recognized from these responses we have formulated as: You don't leave your baby. Leaving the baby at the hospital goes against the biological instinct to care for and protect the offspring. Routines for a dignified goodbye including designating a deputy guardian into whose arms the mother can place the baby can help to facilitate the separation. The possibility of leaving the baby in the arms of someone known to the parents should be an option for parents who choose to take farewell of the child at the hospital. The place and time for the farewell should be decided on by the parents, taking the baby home for a personal farewell could be an alternative.

Depression alters maternal extended amygdala response and functional connectivity during distress signals in attachment relationship

PubMed Central

Ho, S. Shaun; Swain, James E.

2017-01-01

Maternal attachment-related parenting behaviors require mothers to regulate self-related and child-related distress. Emotion regulation is, in turn, influenced by maternal mood and personal developmental history. In the current study we examined how depressive mood may alter maternal limbic system function and functional connectivity underlying defensive and hedonic motivations. Twenty nine mothers were recruited to undergo a baby-cry task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Based on self-reported depression symptoms and clinical interview, the participants were grouped as healthy controls (n = 15) and currently depressed (n = 14). In the baby-cry task, 30s-long auditory stimuli of baby-cry sounds were presented to simulate four conditions: generic baby-cry (Just-Listen), baby-cry as if it were their own child’s cry (Your-Baby), baby-cry as if it were themselves (Self), and matched control sounds (Noise). Depressed mothers, as compared to healthy controls, showed greater Self versus Just-Listen responses in left extended amygdala and decreased functional coupling between this left extended amygdala as the seed and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in self-oriented (Self versus Just-Listen) and child-oriented (Your-Baby versus Just-Listen) distress signals. Moreover, the extended amygdala’s differential functional connectivity with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) during the Your-Baby versus Self was increased for depressed mothers and decreased for healthy controls. Thus, depression may affect mothers by increasing baby-cry threat responses and dysregulating associations between threat and heathy child-oriented parenting motivations. These results are discussed in the context of attachment and self-psychology. PMID:28263829

Craniosynostosis

MedlinePlus

... fibrous joints between the bones of your baby's skull (cranial sutures) close prematurely (fuse), before your baby's ... than one of the sutures in your baby's skull (complex craniosynostosis). In rare cases, craniosynostosis is caused ...

Fathers & Babies: How Babies Grow and What They Need from You, from Birth to 18 Months.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marzollo, Jean

This book provides fathers with specific developmental theory and practical skills and advice concerning how babies grow and what they need from fathers from the time they are born until they turn 18 months. Each chapter provides information and theory on age appropriate play activities and specific information on a baby's growth and developmental…

Orchestrating Professional Development for Baby Room Practitioners: Raising the Stakes in New Dialogic Encounters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goouch, Kathleen; Powell, Sacha

2013-01-01

This article has emerged from a research and development project, The Baby Room, which was designed to examine how babies are cared for in daycare settings. Within the project, a form of professional development was created which designated a central space for dialogic encounter, primarily to enable the baby room practitioners who participated in…

75 FR 81789 - Third Party Testing for Certain Children's Products; Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full-Size Baby...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

... sufficient samples of the product, or samples that are identical in all material respects to the product. The... 1220, Safety Standards for Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full- Size Baby Cribs. A true copy, in English... assessment bodies seeking accredited status must submit to the Commission copies, in English, of their...

Intestinal microbiota and blue baby syndrome

PubMed Central

Ellis, Collin L; Rutledge, John C

2010-01-01

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common intestinal emergency among premature infants. Risk factors in premature infants include immature intestinal immunity and an intestinal microbiota dominated by hospital-acquired bacteria. Some probiotics have been shown to decrease the incidence of NEC in premature infants. Among term infants, NEC is rare. However, among term infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), the incidence of NEC is similar to that of premature infants but with even greater mortality rates. Mechanisms by which NEC occurs in term infants with CCHD are unknown. Of central interest is the potential role of changes in the intestinal microbiota and whether these can be modified with probiotic bacteria; accordingly, we review the literature, propose hypotheses and present the rationale for future studies involving preliminary probiotic clinical trials. PMID:21468216

The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium Project (CRAMP): 1. South Africa.

PubMed

Hofmeyr, G J; Gülmezoğlu, A M; Buchmann, E; Howarth, G R; Shaw, A; Nikodem, V C; Cronje, H; de Jager, M; Mahomed, K

1998-03-01

To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labout. Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Four urban academic hospitals in South Africa. Obstetric surveillance included the use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in most cases. Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. Transcervical amnioinfusion of 800 mL saline at 15 mL per minute, followed by a maintenance infusion at 3 mL per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible. Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality. Caesarean section rates were similar (amnioinfusion group 70/167 vs control group 68/159; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.26). The incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome was lower than expected on the basis of previous studies (4/162 vs 6/163; RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.19-2.33). There were no perinatal deaths. There were no significant differences between any of the subsidiary outcomes. This study concurred with three previous trials which found no effect of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid on caesarean section rate, though the pooled data from all identified trials to date show a significant reduction. The findings with respect to meconium aspiration syndrome were inconclusive in this study alone because of the small number of babies affected, but the point estimate of the relative risk was consistent with the finding of a significant reduction in previous studies and with the Zimbabwe arm (CRAMP 2) of this study. Pooled data clearly support the use of amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid to reduce the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome.

Perinatal drug abuse in KK Women's and Children's Hospital.

PubMed

Agarwal, P; Rajadurai, V S; Bhavani, S; Tan, K W

1999-11-01

No local figures are available in Singapore on the incidence of perinatal drug abuse and its effect on the foetus and the neonate. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of perinatal drug abuse and neonatal abstinence syndrome; to identify a maternal profile at high risk for substance abuse and to document the presenting features and treatment of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Out of 14,690 births during the period January 1994 to December 1996, 38 (0.25%) had evidence of perinatal drug abuse. The study revealed that a high-risk maternal profile for drug abuse comprised of single mothers (52%); history of smoking (52%); no antenatal care (37%) and belonging to the Malay ethnic group (82%); and younger maternal age. Self-reporting was uncommon, occurring only in 8% and in 40% of cases, there was no known history of maternal drug addiction. The drug abused in all cases was heroin. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening was done only in a minority (21%) of the mothers and it was negative in all. Eighteen (47%) infants had evidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome with neurological manifestations being the commonest. Urine toxicology screening was positive in 26% of cases and had only 70% sensitivity and 41% positive predictive value. On follow up, default rate was high with 42% babies not attending follow up at the outpatient clinic. In conclusion, there is a need to maintain a high index of suspicion of substance abuse in those with high-risk maternal profile and their neonates should be closely watched for features of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Alternative methods of toxicology screening apart from urine need to be evaluated in order to improve the drug detection rate.

Obstetric outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and isolated polycystic ovaries undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort analysis.

PubMed

Wan, Hei Lok Tiffany; Hui, Pui Wah; Li, Hang Wun Raymond; Ng, Ernest Hung Yu

2015-03-01

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the obstetric outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and isolated polycystic ovaries (PCO) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. We studied 104 women with PCOS, 184 with PCO and 576 age-matched controls undergoing the first IVF treatment cycle between 2002 and 2009. Obstetric outcomes and complications including gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHT), gestational proteinuric hypertension (PET), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestation at delivery, baby's Apgar scores and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were reviewed. Among the 864 patients undergoing IVF treatment, there were 253 live births in total (25 live births in the PCOS group, 54 in the PCO group and 174 in the control group). The prevalence of obstetric complications (GDM, GHT, PET and IUGR) and the obstetric outcomes (gestation at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores and NICU admissions) were comparable among the three groups. Adjustments for age and multiple pregnancies were made using multiple logistic regression and we found no statistically significant difference among the three groups. Patients with PCO ± PCOS do not have more adverse obstetric outcomes when compared with non-PCO patients undergoing IVF treatment.

The effects of prednisolone and serum malondialdehyde levels in puppies with experimentally induced meconium aspiration syndrome.

PubMed

Kirimi, E; Tuncer, O; Kösem, M; Ceylan, E; Tas, A; Tasal, I; Balahoroğlu, R; Caksen, H

2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of prednisolone in puppies experimentally induced with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Meconium was collected from human babies in the first day of life and was released into the trachea of 11 newborn puppies to induce MAS. Puppies were treated with 2 mg/kg prednisolone (standard dose), 30 mg/kg prednisolone (megadose) or 0.9% saline, all administered intravenously. The study ended 20 h after meconium aspiration and the lungs were then scored for histopathology. Animals not treated with prednisolone deteriorated after 8 h while respiration rate, oxygenation, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide values were better in the prednisolone-treated groups. Histopathology scores were better in the treatment groups compared with the control group, with megadose giving the best result. At the end of the study, serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the megadose prednisolone group compared with the other two groups. In conclusion, we determined that prednisolone reduced physiological and histological changes in puppies with MAS and that a 30 mg/kg dose was more effective than 2 mg/kg.

About Kids' Teeth

MedlinePlus

... Kids’ Teeth Teeth Helpful Resources Links About Kids’ Teeth We have two sets of teeth during life: ... usually appeared. Learn about Nutrition Baby Teething Baby Teeth and Teething Baby teeth usually appear when your ...

Your Growing Baby

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... page. Saving Just a moment, please. You've saved this page It's been added to your dashboard . ... health educators. GO Your baby's shots Learn about vaccines that help keep baby healthy. GO News Moms ...

Your Premature Baby

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... Quality Collaboratives Launch Prematurity research centers What is team science? More than 75 years of solving problems ... to our health educators. GO On your baby's team Meet the people caring for your baby in ...

Your Colicky Baby

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... of swallowing too much air while crying. Some theories suggest that colic happens when food moves too ... baby's digestive system or is incompletely digested. Other theories are that colic is due to a baby's ...

Baby Boomers’ Adoption of Consumer Health Technologies: Survey on Readiness and Barriers

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background As they age, baby boomers (born 1946-1964) will have increasing medical needs and are likely to place large demand on health care resources. Consumer health technologies may help stem rising health care needs and costs by improving provider-to-patient communication, health monitoring, and information access and enabling self-care. Research has not explored the degree to which baby boomers are ready for, or are currently embracing, specific consumer health technologies This study explores how baby boomers’ readiness to use various technologies for health purposes compares to other segments of the adult population. Objective The goals of the study are to (1) examine what technologies baby boomers are ready to use for health purposes, (2) investigate barriers to baby boomers’ use of technology for health purposes, and (3) understand whether readiness for and barriers to baby boomers’ use of consumer health technologies differ from those of other younger and older consumers. Methods Data were collected via a survey offered to a random sample of 3000 subscribers to a large pharmacy benefit management company. Respondents had the option to complete the survey online or by completing a paper-based version of the survey. Results Data from 469 respondents (response rate 15.63%) were analyzed, including 258 baby boomers (aged 46-64 years), 72 younger (aged 18-45 years), and 139 older (age >64 years) participants. Baby boomers were found to be similar to the younger age group, but significantly more likely than the older age group to be ready to use 5 technologies for health purposes (health information websites, email, automated call centers, medical video conferencing, and texting). Baby boomers were less ready than the younger age group to adopt podcasts, kiosks, smartphones, blogs, and wikis for health care purposes. However, baby boomers were more likely than older adults to use smartphones and podcasts for health care purposes. Specific adoption barriers vary according to the technology. Conclusions Baby boomers have commonalities with and distinctions from both younger and older adults in their readiness to adopt specific consumer health technologies and the barriers they experience to adoption. Baby boomers’ nuances regarding readiness to adopt and the barriers associated with the various forms of consumer health technology should be taken into account by those interested in promoting consumer health technologies use among baby boomers when developing applications, choosing technologies, preparing users for use, and in promotional tactics. PMID:25199475

The breastfeeding support and promotion in Baby-Friendly Maternity Hospitals and Not-as-Yet Baby-Friendly Hospitals in Russia.

PubMed

Abolyan, Lyubov V

2006-01-01

The objective was to evaluate implementation of the WHO/UNICEF "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding" as defined by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in eight maternity hospitals in the Moscow region. Four maternity hospitals had been certified Baby- Friendly Hospitals (BFHs), the experimental group; and four maternity hospitals Not-as-Yet Baby Friendly, the control group (NBFHs). Maternal interviews and infant breastfeeding rates were the primary outcomes of the study. In total, 741 healthy postpartum women from the experimental and control group were interviewed: 383 and 358, respectively. Interviews were conducted over 5 months, from May to July 2004. In addition, an assessment of levels and trends in breastfeeding for the period of 1998 to 2003 was made for the area served by the BFHs and the NBFHs. Analyses of the questionnaires completed by the mothers found a positive effect of BFH practice on a number of parameters, such as an increased rate of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding, mothers' decisions concerning planned duration of breastfeeding, mothers' and babies' health, and maternal knowledge about the necessary measures in BFHs. Mothers appreciated baby-friendly changes, such as rooming-in, breastfeeding on baby's demand, and taking care of their babies by themselves. The successful initiation of breastfeeding in the BFHs was shown to favor the promotion of breastfeeding among 1-year-old babies in the experimental areas. However, there were some shortcomings in the BFHs: frequent use of labor anesthesia; insufficient placing of newborns on the mother's abdomen, rooming-in, and initiating breastfeeding immediately; and a short length of "skin-to-skin" contact (<30 minutes). The women in BFHs also observed the use of feeding bottles and dummies, and experienced some problems with breast health. BFH practices can increase breastfeeding rates as well as maternal satisfaction. However, shortcomings in the training and support for mothers, and limited help of the medical personnel were noted. It is recommended that BFHs pay attention to maintaining adherence to the criteria of the 10 steps of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Since 2003 to control the implementation of the Baby Friendly Initiative principles and sustain the progress in the hospitals designated as Baby Friendly reassessment of maternity hospitals is held in Russia in conformity with the requirements of WHO and UNICEF.

Breech birth

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... uterine wall, blocking the cervix) Turning Your Baby (External Version) If your baby is not in a head- ... baby into the right position. This is called external version. It involves pushing on your belly while watching ...

Preventing Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

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... are often around babies, should receive a pertussis booster shot called Tdap. This is a form of ... and teenagers around your baby get the Tdap booster, the chance that your baby will get pertussis ...

Senses and Your Newborn

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... especially mom's and dad's, are a baby's favorite "music." Your baby already knows that this is where ... your baby react to soft lullabies or other music? Even if your child passed the newborn hearing ...

Cerebral Palsy Checklist: Babies & Preschoolers (Birth to age 5)

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... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Cerebral Palsy Checklist: Babies & Preschoolers KidsHealth / For Parents / Cerebral Palsy Checklist: Babies & Preschoolers What's in this article? Step ...

Gestational age

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... looking at the baby's weight, length, head circumference , vital signs, reflexes, muscle tone, posture, and the condition of the skin and hair. If the baby's gestational age findings after birth match the calendar age, the baby ...

Burping Your Baby

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... baby. Sometimes your baby may awaken because of gas — simply picking your little one up to burp ... a day of continued crying) might also have gas from swallowing too much air during crying spells, ...

7 CFR 319.56-48 - Conditions governing the entry of baby squash and baby courgettes from Zambia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-48 Conditions governing the entry of baby squash and baby courgettes from... fly traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside the greenhouses at a density of four... fly traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside a buffer area 500 meters wide around the...

7 CFR 319.56-48 - Conditions governing the entry of baby squash and baby courgettes from Zambia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-48 Conditions governing the entry of baby squash and baby courgettes from... fly traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside the greenhouses at a density of four... fly traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside a buffer area 500 meters wide around the...

An Analysis of the Frame-Content Theory in Babble of 9-Month-Old Babies with Cleft Lip and Palate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stout, Gwendolyn; Hardin-Jones, Mary; Chapman, Kathy L.

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine the consonant-vowel co-occurrence patterns predicted by the Frame-Content theory in 16 nine-month-old babies with unrepaired cleft palate ([plus or minus]cleft lip) and 16 age-matched non-cleft babies. Babble from these babies was phonetically transcribed and grouped according to the intrasyllabic predictions…

[Turner's syndrome: subjects with a normal body mass at birth grow taller than born small for gestational age].

PubMed

Wiśniewski, Andrzej; Stupnicki, Romuald; Milde, Katarzyna; Szufladowicz-Woźniak, Jolanta

2006-01-01

Body mass deficit at birth is one of the characteristic features observed in Turner's syndrome (TS). Body mass is lower than expected for gestational age in about 90% of TS-babies, and is below -2 SD (i.e. "small for gestational age") in about 20% of patients. The aim of the study was to compare the growth courses of TS-girls born with normal and deficient body mass. A group of 157 TS-girls, delivered at term (> or =38 weeks of gestation), were studied. Body mass of 80 girls ranged from -0.5 to +0.5 SD and body length was above -2 SD (AGA group); another 54 girls had body mass below -2 SD and body length above -2 SD (disproportional SGA group), and 23 girls had both body mass and length below -2 SD (proportional SGA group). Turner's syndrome was confirmed by chromosome analysis. Body mass at birth (BMB) was related to the norms for gestational age (GA) designed by Usher and McLean. Newborns, whose BMB was lower than -2 SD for GA, were considered small for gestational age (SGA). Postnatal body height and mass values were related to Polish norms for females with Turner's syndrome and to the norms for healthy female population. In the spontaneously growing TS-girls from the AGA group, a total of 275 measurements of body mass and height were carried out, the respective numbers for DSGA and PSGA groups were 176 and 100. Mean differences between the actual and expected body height for the AGA, DSGA and PSGA groups amounted to 0.40+/- 1.02, -0.21+/-0.88 and -0.95+/-0.80 SD TS, respectively, all means differing highly significantly (p<0.001) from each other. It may be concluded that spontaneously growing girls with Turner's syndrome, who had a normal (for gestational age) body mass at birth, attain a higher stature than girls with body mass deficit.

Baby Shampoo Versus Povidone-Iodine or Isopropyl Alcohol in Reducing Eyelid Skin Bacterial Load.

PubMed

Garcia, Giancarlo A; Nguyen, Christine V; Yonkers, Marc A; Tao, Jeremiah P

Baby shampoo is used as an alternative surgical skin preparation, but the evidence supporting its use is scarce with no descriptions of efficacy in the periocular region. The authors compare the efficacy of baby shampoo, povidone-iodine (PI, Betadine) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) in reducing eyelid skin bacterial load. Prospective, randomized, comparative, and interventional trial. Bacterial load on adult, human eyelid skin was quantitated before and after cleansing with 1) dilute baby shampoo, 2) 10% PI, or 3) 70% IA. Paired skin swabs were collected from a 1 cm area of the upper eyelid of subjects before and after a standardized surgical scrub technique. Samples were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar for 24 hours. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was assessed and bacterial load per square centimeter of eyelid skin was quantified. Baseline and postcleansing samples were assessed from 42 eyelids of 42 subjects (n = 14 for each of baby shampoo, PI, and IA). Before cleansing, similar amounts of bacterial flora were grown from all specimens (median log CFU/cm = 2.04 before baby shampoo, 2.01 before PI, 2.11 before IA; p > 0.05). All 3 cleansing agents significantly reduced the bacterial load (p < 0.01 for each). There was no statistically significant difference in postcleansing bacterial load between the 3 cleansing agents (median log CFU/cm = 0.48 after baby shampoo, 0.39 after PI, 0.59 after IA; p > 0.05). Change from baseline in bacterial load was statistically similar for all 3 agents (median reduction in log CFU/cm = 1.28 with baby shampoo, 1.57 with PI, 1.40 with IA; p > 0.05). These corresponded to bacterial load reductions of 96.3%, 96.6%, and 98.4% for baby shampoo, PI, and IA, respectively. Baby shampoo achieved comparable diminution in eyelid skin bacterial load to PI or IA. These data suggest baby shampoo may be an effective preoperative cleansing agent.

Protecting Your Baby from RSV

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... Size Email Print Share Protecting Your Baby from RSV Page Content Article Body RSV is the most ... Your Baby's Chances of Developing a More Serious RSV Infection: Having people wash their hands with warm ...

High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

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... of the baby. Controlling your blood pressure during pregnancy and getting regular prenatal care are important for ... your baby. Treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy may include close monitoring of the baby, lifestyle ...

Baby Naps: Daytime Sleep Tips

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... but the process of getting your baby to sleep during the day can be just the opposite. ... It takes awhile for newborns to develop a sleep schedule. During the first month, babies usually sleep ...

Your Premature Baby: Low Birthweight

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... Quality Collaboratives Launch Prematurity research centers What is team science? More than 75 years of solving problems ... to our health educators. GO On your baby's team Meet the people caring for your baby in ...

Colic and crying - self-care

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... down when your baby is tired or when gas or stool is passed. Even though colicky babies ... may include any of the following: Pain from gas Hunger Overfeeding Baby cannot tolerate certain foods or ...

Challenges and Opportunities with Empowering Baby Boomers for Personal Health Information Management Using Consumer Health Information Technologies: an Ecological Perspective

PubMed Central

LeRouge, Cynthia M.; Tao, Donghua; Ohs, Jennifer; Lach, Helen W.; Jupka, Keri; Wray, Ricardo

2014-01-01

“Baby Boomers” (adults born between the years of 1946 and 1964) make up the largest segment of the population in many countries, including the United States (about 78 million Americans) [1]. As Baby Boomers reach retirement age and beyond, many will have increasing medical needs and thus demand more health care resources that will challenge the healthcare system. Baby Boomers will likely accelerate the movement toward patient self-management and prevention efforts. Consumer Health Information Technologies (CHIT) hold promise for empowering health consumers to take an active role in health maintenance and disease management, and thus, have the potential to address Baby Boomers' health needs. Such innovations require changes in health care practice and processes that take into account Baby Boomers' personal health needs, preferences, health culture, and abilities to use these technologies. Without foundational knowledge of barriers and opportunities, Baby Boomers may not realize the potential of these innovations for improving self-management of health and health outcomes. However, research to date has not adequately explored the degree to which Baby Boomers are ready to embrace consumer health information technology and how their unique subcultures affect adoption and diffusion. This position paper describes an ecological conceptual framework for understanding and studying CHIT aimed at satisfying the personal health needs of Baby Boomers. We explore existing literature to provide a detailed depiction of our proposed conceptual framework, which focuses characteristics influencing Baby Boomers and their Personal Health Information Management (PHIM) and potential information problems. Using our ecological framework as a backdrop, we provide insight and implications for future research based on literature and underlying theories represented in our model. PMID:29546084

Short-term outcome of treatment limitation discussions for newborn infants, a multicentre prospective observational cohort study.

PubMed

Aladangady, Narendra; Shaw, Chloe; Gallagher, Katie; Stokoe, Elizabeth; Marlow, Neil

2017-03-01

To determine the short-term outcomes of babies for whom clinicians or parents discussed the limitation of life-sustaining treatment (LST). Prospective multicentre observational study. Two level 3, six level 2 and one level 1 neonatal units in the North-East London Neonatal Network. A total of 87 babies including 68 for whom limiting LST was discussed with parents and 19 babies died without discussion of limiting LST in the labour ward or neonatal unit. Final decision reached after discussions about limiting LST and neonatal unit outcomes (death or survived to discharge) for babies. Withdrawing LST, withholding LST and do not resuscitate (DNR) order was discussed with 48, 16 and 4 parents, respectively. In 49/68 (72%) cases decisions occurred in level 3 and 19 cases in level 2 units. Following the initial discussions, 34/68 parents made the decision to continue LST. In 33/68 cases, a second opinion was obtained. The parents of 14/48 and 2/16 babies did not agree to withdraw and withhold LST, respectively. Forty-seven out of 87 babies (54%) died following limitation of LST, 28/87 (32%) died receiving full intensive care support, 5/87 (6%) survived following a decision to limit LST and 7/87 (8%) babies survived following decision to continue LST. A significant proportion of parents chose to continue treatment following discussions regarding limiting LST for their babies, and a proportion of these babies survived to neonatal unit discharge. The long-term outcomes of babies who survive following limiting LST discussion need to be investigated. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Prostate cancer in the Baby Boomer generation: results from CaPSURE.

PubMed

Scales, Charles D; Moul, Judd W; Curtis, Lesley H; Elkin, Eric P; Hughes, M E; Carroll, Peter R

2007-12-01

Baby Boomers (those born in 1946 to 1964) are thought to place a high value on quality of life, and have a higher propensity to consume healthcare services than previous generations. We sought to characterize prostate cancer (CaP) presentation among this group, and determine whether treatment patterns differ between Baby Boomers and the preceding generation. We defined two birth cohorts: men born in 1927 to 1945 (pre-Boomers) and Baby Boomers. Our study cohort included men less than 65 years old, diagnosed with CaP between 1999 and 2003 (Baby Boomers, n = 812; pre-Boomers, n = 1843). We compared the two groups for clinical presentation, sociodemographics, and primary treatment, controlling for age effects. The primary endpoint was selection of radical prostatectomy as primary treatment. Most Baby Boomers were diagnosed with stage T1 disease (466, 61%), biopsy Gleason sums less than 7 (572, 73%), and prostate-specific antigen levels of 4.1 to 10.0 (509, 66%). This presentation was not clinically different from pre-Boomers. Baby Boomers had higher socioeconomic status than pre-Boomers. On multivariate analysis, Baby Boomers were more likely to undergo radical prostatectomy as primary therapy (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 2.35). Controlling for age effects, however, there were no significant differences in treatment choice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.87) or sociodemographics between these groups. Differences in CaP presentation and treatment between Baby Boomers and pre-Boomers may be related to age at diagnosis rather than innate differences in behavior. As more Baby Boomers are diagnosed with CaP, further research will be required to characterize this generation's impact on CaP care.

Challenges and Opportunities with Empowering Baby Boomers for Personal Health Information Management Using Consumer Health Information Technologies: an Ecological Perspective.

PubMed

LeRouge, Cynthia M; Tao, Donghua; Ohs, Jennifer; Lach, Helen W; Jupka, Keri; Wray, Ricardo

2014-01-01

"Baby Boomers" (adults born between the years of 1946 and 1964) make up the largest segment of the population in many countries, including the United States (about 78 million Americans) [1]. As Baby Boomers reach retirement age and beyond, many will have increasing medical needs and thus demand more health care resources that will challenge the healthcare system. Baby Boomers will likely accelerate the movement toward patient self-management and prevention efforts. Consumer Health Information Technologies (CHIT) hold promise for empowering health consumers to take an active role in health maintenance and disease management, and thus, have the potential to address Baby Boomers' health needs. Such innovations require changes in health care practice and processes that take into account Baby Boomers' personal health needs, preferences, health culture, and abilities to use these technologies. Without foundational knowledge of barriers and opportunities, Baby Boomers may not realize the potential of these innovations for improving self-management of health and health outcomes. However, research to date has not adequately explored the degree to which Baby Boomers are ready to embrace consumer health information technology and how their unique subcultures affect adoption and diffusion. This position paper describes an ecological conceptual framework for understanding and studying CHIT aimed at satisfying the personal health needs of Baby Boomers. We explore existing literature to provide a detailed depiction of our proposed conceptual framework, which focuses characteristics influencing Baby Boomers and their Personal Health Information Management (PHIM) and potential information problems. Using our ecological framework as a backdrop, we provide insight and implications for future research based on literature and underlying theories represented in our model.

Lived experiences of parents of premature babies in the intensive care unit in a private hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.

PubMed

Steyn, Erika; Poggenpoel, Marie; Myburgh, Chris

2017-02-28

Many of the 15 million premature babies born worldwide every year survive because of advanced medical interventions. Their parents have intense experiences when their babies are in the intensive care unit (ICU), and these have an impact on their thoughts, feelings and relationships, including their relationships with their premature babies. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of parents of premature babies in an ICU. Research design was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual. A purposive sample of parents with premature babies in an ICU in a private hospital in Johannesburg Gauteng in South Africa was used. Eight parents, four mothers and four fathers, married and either Afrikaans or English-speaking, were included in the study. Data were collected by conducting in-depth phenomenological interviews with them and making use of field notes. Trustworthiness was ensured by implementing the strategies of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice were adhered to throughout the research process. Thematic analyses were utilised to analyse the data. Two themes in the experiences of parents with premature babies in ICU became apparent. Parents experienced thoughts, emotions and hope while their premature babies were in the ICU as well as challenges in their relationships and these challenges influenced their experiences. Mindfulness of intensive care nurses should be facilitated so that intensive care nurses can promote the mental health of parents with premature babies in the ICU. Parents with premature babies in the ICU have thoughts and emotional experiences which include hope and they affect parents' relationships.

Effect on Baby-Friendly Hospital Steps When Hospitals Implement a Policy to Pay for Infant Formula.

PubMed

Tarrant, Marie; Lok, Kris Y W; Fong, Daniel Y T; Wu, Kendra M; Lee, Irene L Y; Sham, Alice; Lam, Christine; Bai, Dorothy Li; Wong, Ka Lun; Wong, Emmy M Y; Chan, Noel P T; Dodgson, Joan E

2016-05-01

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative requires hospitals to pay market price for infant formula. No studies have specifically examined the effect of hospitals paying for infant formula on breastfeeding mothers' exposure to Baby-Friendly steps. To investigate the effect of hospitals implementing a policy of paying for infant formula on new mothers' exposure to Baby-Friendly steps and examine the effect of exposure to Baby-Friendly steps on breastfeeding rates. We used a repeated prospective cohort study design. We recruited 2 cohorts of breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (n = 2470) in the immediate postnatal period from 4 Hong Kong public hospitals and followed them by telephone up to 12 months postpartum. We assessed participants' exposure to 6 Baby-Friendly steps by extracting data from the medical record and by maternal self-report. After hospitals began paying for infant formula, new mothers were more likely to experience 4 out of 6 Baby-Friendly steps. Breastfeeding initiation within the first hour increased from 28.7% to 45%, and in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates increased from 17.9% to 41.4%. The proportion of mothers who experienced all 6 Baby-Friendly steps increased from 4.8% to 20.5%. The risk of weaning was progressively higher among participants experiencing fewer Baby-Friendly steps. Each additional step experienced by new mothers decreased the risk of breastfeeding cessation by 8% (hazard ratio = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95). After implementing a policy of paying for infant formula, breastfeeding mothers were exposed to more Baby-Friendly steps, and exposure to more steps was significantly associated with a lower risk of breastfeeding cessation. © The Author(s) 2015.

Factors influencing a mother's choice of feeding after discharge of her baby from a neonatal unit.

PubMed

Hallbauer, U; Grobler, J M; Niemand, I

2002-08-01

To assess feeding methods chosen by mothers of babies who spent time in a neonatal unit. Factors influencing this decision were investigated. Descriptive study. Mothers were interviewed on the day they took their babies home. Basic demographic data on mother and baby were collected from the hospital records. The neonatal unit, Pelonomi Hospital, Bloemfontein from May 1996 to May 1998. Eighty-one mothers of babies admitted to the neonatal unit. At discharge 60% of mothers intended to breast-feed their babies exclusively the next day. The mother's decision to breast-feed her baby at home was significantly associated with her decision before delivery (P = 0.0050). Other factors positively associated with the decision to breast-feed exclusively at home were a significantly higher birth weight of the baby (P < 0.0008) and gestational age of the baby (P < 0.0005). The only hospital practice positively associated with this decision was the frequency with which mothers saw their babies during their stay in the unit (P = 0.0153). Mothers' knowledge of how to increase breast-milk supply was very poor. Infants with a lower weight and gestational age, who stayed in the unit longer, were less likely to be breast-fed after discharge from the neonatal unit. The mothers' experience in the unit did not seem to alter their choice of feeding method decided upon before delivery. This suggests that efforts to promote breast-feeding in the neonatal unit were either ineffectual or inadequate. In order to remedy this situation it is necessary to keep the mother-infant pair together (lodger mothers) and to promote breast-feeding before and after delivery. It would also be necessary to train staff in the management of lactation problems.

Purpose of Newborn Hearing Screening

MedlinePlus

... services, babies will have trouble with speech and language development. For some babies, early intervention services may include ... baby will have the best chance for normal language development if any hearing loss is discovered and treatment ...

Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 7 Months

MedlinePlus

... Videos for Educators Search English Español Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 7 Months KidsHealth / For Parents / Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 7 Months Print en ...

Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 11 Months

MedlinePlus

... Videos for Educators Search English Español Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 11 Months KidsHealth / For Parents / Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 11 Months Print en ...

[Attachment theory and baby slings/carriers: technological network formation].

PubMed

Lu, Zxy-Yann Jane; Lin, Wan-Shiuan

2011-12-01

Healthcare providers recognize the important role played by attachment theory in explaining the close relationship between mental health and social behavior in mothers and their children. This paper uses attachment theory in a socio-cultural context to ascertain the mechanism by which baby slings/carriers, a new technology, produced and reproduced the scientific motherhood. It further applies a social history of technology perspective to understand how baby carriers and attachment theory are socially constructed and historically contingent on three major transformations. These transformations include the use of attachment theory-based baby carriers to further scientific motherhood; the use of baby slings/carriers to further the medicalization of breastfeeding and enhance mother-infant attachment; and the use of baby slings/carriers to transform woman's identities by integrating scientific motherhood, independence and fashion. Implications for nursing clinical policy are suggested.

Preliminary assessment of the risk linked to furan ingestion by babies consuming only ready-to-eat food.

PubMed

Scholl, Georges; Humblet, Marie-France; Scippo, Marie-Louise; De Pauw, Edwin; Eppe, Gauthier; Saegerman, Claude

2013-01-01

The risk linked to furan ingestion has been assessed in previous papers for Belgian adults and children. The present paper focuses on infants consuming only ready-to-eat baby food. As there is no Belgian baby dietary database, the furan exposure assessment was carried out by using an Italian infant consumption database and Belgian contamination data. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated according to a deterministic methodology. It involved 42 commercially available ready-to-eat baby food and 36 baby consumption records. The mean EDI was 1460 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ which is 3.8 times higher than the 381 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ reported for Belgian adults, and 3.5 times higher than the 419 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ measured for Belgian children. To assess and characterise the risk for babies' exposure, the margin of exposure (MoE) was calculated. It highlighted that 74% of infants have a MoE < 1000, with a minimum of 140. However, these are only preliminary results as they were calculated from a very small dataset and the infant cytochrome P450 activity is significantly different compared with the adult's. Therefore, the risk linked to furan ingestion by babies should be assessed in a different manner. To this end, additional data regarding a baby diet as well as a better understanding of furan toxicity for babies are needed to characterise more accurately the risk for infants.

The Baby Boomers' intergenerational relationships.

PubMed

Fingerman, Karen L; Pillemer, Karl A; Silverstein, Merril; Suitor, J Jill

2012-04-01

As Baby Boomers enter late life, relationships with family members gain importance. This review article highlights two aspects of their intergenerational relationships: (a) caregiving for aging parents and (b) interactions with adult children in the context of changing marital dynamics. The researchers describe three studies: (a) the Within Family Differences Study (WFDS) of mothers aged 65-75 and their multiple grown children (primarily Baby Boomers) ongoing since 2001; (b) the Family Exchanges Study (FES) of Baby Boomers aged 42-60, their spouses, parents, and multiple grown children ongoing since 2008; and (c) the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSoG) of 351 three-generation families started when the Baby Boomers were teenagers in 1971, with interviews every 3-5 years from 1985 to 2005. These studies show that the Baby Boomers in midlife navigate complex intergenerational patterns. The WFDS finds aging parents differentiate among Baby Boomer children in midlife, favoring some more than others. The FES shows that the Baby Boomers are typically more involved with their children than with their aging parents; Boomers' personal values, family members' needs, and personal rewards shape decisions about support. The LSoG documents how divorce and remarriage dampen intergenerational obligations in some families. Moreover, loosening cultural norms have weakened family bonds in general. Reviews of these studies provide insights into how the Baby Boomers may negotiate caregiving for aging parents as well as the likelihood of family care they will receive when their own health declines in the future.

The Baby Boomers’ Intergenerational Relationships

PubMed Central

Fingerman, Karen L.; Pillemer, Karl A.; Silverstein, Merril; Suitor, J. Jill

2012-01-01

Purpose: As Baby Boomers enter late life, relationships with family members gain importance. This review article highlights two aspects of their intergenerational relationships: (a) caregiving for aging parents and (b) interactions with adult children in the context of changing marital dynamics. Design and Methods: The researchers describe three studies: (a) the Within Family Differences Study (WFDS) of mothers aged 65–75 and their multiple grown children (primarily Baby Boomers) ongoing since 2001; (b) the Family Exchanges Study (FES) of Baby Boomers aged 42–60, their spouses, parents, and multiple grown children ongoing since 2008; and (c) the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSoG) of 351 three-generation families started when the Baby Boomers were teenagers in 1971, with interviews every 3–5 years from 1985 to 2005. Results: These studies show that the Baby Boomers in midlife navigate complex intergenerational patterns. The WFDS finds aging parents differentiate among Baby Boomer children in midlife, favoring some more than others. The FES shows that the Baby Boomers are typically more involved with their children than with their aging parents; Boomers’ personal values, family members’ needs, and personal rewards shape decisions about support. The LSoG documents how divorce and remarriage dampen intergenerational obligations in some families. Moreover, loosening cultural norms have weakened family bonds in general. Implications: Reviews of these studies provide insights into how the Baby Boomers may negotiate caregiving for aging parents as well as the likelihood of family care they will receive when their own health declines in the future. PMID:22250130

The Loss of a Baby and the Birth of the Next Infant: The Mother's Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Marguerite

2007-01-01

This paper considers the area of perinatal death by focusing on the mother's experience. An argument is made for questioning whether mothers attempt to replace a dead infant. It is suggested instead that they long to mother their lost baby and as a result their new infant is mothered in the shadow of the dead baby. The term "penumbra baby" is…

Baby swimming and respiratory health.

PubMed

Nystad, Wenche; Håberg, Siri E; London, Stephanie J; Nafstad, Per; Magnus, Per

2008-05-01

To estimate the effect of baby swimming in the first 6 months of life on respiratory diseases from 6 to 18 months. We used data from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in children born between 1999 and 2005 followed from birth to the age of 18 months (n = 30,870). Health outcomes: lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), wheeze and otitis media between 6 and 18 months of age. baby swimming at the age of 6 months. The effect of baby swimming was estimated by logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. About 25% of the children participated in baby swimming. The prevalence of LRTI was 13.3%, wheeze 40.0% and otitis media 30.4%. Children who were baby swimming were not more likely to have LRTI, to wheeze or to have otitis media. However, children with atopic mothers who attended baby swimming had an increased risk of wheeze, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.24 (95% CI 1.11, 1.39), but not LRTI or otitis media. This was also the case for children without respiratory diseases before 6 months aOR 1.08 (95%CI 1.02-1.15). Baby swimming may be related to later wheeze. However, these findings warrant further investigation.

Acrylamide exposure among Turkish toddlers from selected cereal-based baby food samples.

PubMed

Cengiz, Mehmet Fatih; Gündüz, Cennet Pelin Boyacı

2013-10-01

In this study, acrylamide exposure from selected cereal-based baby food samples was investigated among toddlers aged 1-3 years in Turkey. The study contained three steps. The first step was collecting food consumption data and toddlers' physical properties, such as gender, age and body weight, using a questionnaire given to parents by a trained interviewer between January and March 2012. The second step was determining the acrylamide levels in food samples that were reported on by the parents in the questionnaire, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The last step was combining the determined acrylamide levels in selected food samples with individual food consumption and body weight data using a deterministic approach to estimate the acrylamide exposure levels. The mean acrylamide levels of baby biscuits, breads, baby bread-rusks, crackers, biscuits, breakfast cereals and powdered cereal-based baby foods were 153, 225, 121, 604, 495, 290 and 36 μg/kg, respectively. The minimum, mean and maximum acrylamide exposures were estimated to be 0.06, 1.43 and 6.41 μg/kg BW per day, respectively. The foods that contributed to acrylamide exposure were aligned from high to low as bread, crackers, biscuits, baby biscuits, powdered cereal-based baby foods, baby bread-rusks and breakfast cereals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Healthy Smile for Your Baby

MedlinePlus

... Baby Healthy. Washington, DC: National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center. A Healthy Smile for Your Baby: ... Healthy © 2009 by the National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center, Georgetown University. Fourth printing. This publication ...

Positioning your baby for breastfeeding

MedlinePlus

... Adjust your baby's position if you need to. FOOTBALL HOLD Use the football hold if you had a C-section. This ... large breasts or flat nipples also like the football hold. Hold your baby like a football. Tuck ...

Baby Brain Map

MedlinePlus

... a Member Home Resources & Services Professional Resource Baby Brain Map Mar 17, 2016 The Brain Map was adapted in 2006 by ZERO TO ... supports Adobe Flash Player. To view the Baby Brain Map, please visit this page on a browser ...

Feeding Your 8- to 12-Month-Old

MedlinePlus

... cause botulism in babies. Do not give regular cow's milk until your baby is older than 12 months ... babies are ready to go from formula to cow's milk. If you're breastfeeding, you can continue beyond ...

Feeding Tips For Your Baby with CHD

MedlinePlus

... best when fed more often and on a demand schedule. They tend to tire quickly during the ... with a combination of breast- and bottle-feeding. Breast-Feeding Your Baby If your baby is diagnosed with ...

Cesarean Section

MedlinePlus

A Cesarean section (C-section) is surgery to deliver a baby. The baby is taken out through the mother's abdomen. In the United ... three women has their babies this way. Some C-sections are planned, but many are done when ...

Newborn transport in South Australia, 1978-80: experience of the Queen Victoria Hospital, Adelaide.

PubMed

Davies, A G; Fitzgerald, A M; Dahlenburg, G W

1982-01-23

389 infants were transported to the Queen Victoria Hospital, Adelaide between 1978 and 1980. Twenty-three percent (99) of the infants were ventilated, and 49% (189) received intravenous or intra-arterial therapy. Fifty-six percent (217) of the infants required transport because of prematurity; 11% (46) because of perinatal asphyxia in babies weighing more than 2,500 g. Only one baby died during transport, while 14% of the babies died subsequently. A core temperature of less than 36 degrees C in either hospital is important; a cold baby is 3.5 times more likely to die (X2=25.46, P less than 0.001). The transport of babies over distances greater than 300 kilometres is peculiar to Australia. Significantly more of these babies were cold than those retrieved from hospitals near Adelaide (X2=4.7, P less than 0.05), and significantly more died. Difficulty in transferring mothers in preterm labour may be another reason these babies did relatively badly. Better education and facilities will be important if we are to improve their survival chances.

Flow injection analysis of nitrate and nitrite in commercial baby foods.

PubMed

Chetty, Adrian A; Prasad, Surendra

2016-04-15

Commercial baby foods are an easy alternative to home-made meals especially for working parents in a nuclear family therefore it is imperative to determine the nitrate and nitrite content in commercially available baby foods varieties marketed in Fiji. A total of 108 baby food samples were analyzed for nitrate and nitrite using our standardized flow injection analysis (FIA) technique with colorimetric detection technique employing sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride as color reagents where the samples throughput was 38 h(-1). The commercial baby food varieties chosen comprised of vegetables, cereals, fruits and milk. The study shows that the nitrate content of the baby foods studied ranges from 2.10 to 220.67 mg kg(-1) whereas the nitrite content ranges from 0.44 to 3.67 mg kg(-1). Typical recoveries of spiked nitrate residues ranged from 92% to 106%. The study shows that the average nitrate content of commercially available baby foods in Fiji descends below the maximum level proposed by the European Union Legislation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Developmental dysplasia of hip screening using ortolani and barlow testing on breech delivered neonates.

PubMed

Sulaiman, Ar; Yusof, Zakaria; Munajat, I; Lee, Naa; Zaki, Nik

2011-11-01

We conducted this study to compare the specificity and sensitivity of the Ortolani and Barlow tests performed by dedicated examiners, and to ascertain the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in breech babies. A dedicated examiner underwent specific training and testing by a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon. Routine examiners were medical officers who had basic training in medical school and were briefly trained by their superiors. The dedicated examiner examined 170 babies. Thirty babies including 5 babies with positive tests (according to the dedicated examiner) were examined by a blinded routine examiner. RESULTS of Ortolani and Barlow tests on 30 babies were compared with ultrasound examination by blinded radiologist. Five babies had positive Ortolani and Barlow tests. The routine examiner did not detect positive Ortolani and Barlow tests. The incidence of positive Ortolani and Barlow tests among breech babies was 2.8%. Result of Ortolani and Barlow tests by dedicated hip screener were better than results performed by routine examiner. Ortolani and Barlow, Dedicated Examiner, Routine Examiner, Breech, Ultrasound.

Three-year experience with neonatal ventilation from a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

PubMed

Singh, M; Deorari, A K; Paul, V K; Mittal, M; Shanker, S; Munshi, U; Jain, Y

1993-06-01

Ninety neonates were ventilated over a period of 33 months of whom 50 (55.5%) survived. Fifty seven babies received IPPV while 33 CPAP. IPPV mode was being used more frequently recently and survival rates have steadily improved over past 3 years. Survival was cent per cent in babies above 1.5 kg on CPAP mode while 16/26 (57.7%) survived on IPPV mode. Of 22 extremely VLBW (< 1 kg) babies, six survived. HMD was the commonest indication of ventilation (50%), of which 53% (24/45) survived. The other important indications of ventilation were apnea in 13 and transient tachypnea in 11 babies. All babies requiring ventilation for transient tachypnea survived. Nosocomial infections were common in association with ventilation 34/90 (37.7%), out of which in 14 was responsible for about a third of deaths. Pulmonary air leaks developed in 12 babies of which 6 died. Two babies developed BPD and one ROP. Neonatal ventilation should be ventured in centres where basic facilities for level II care already exist. It may not be cost effective to ventilate extremely low birth weight neonates.

Recombinant versus highly-purified, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (r-FSH vs. HP-uFSH) in ovulation induction: a prospective, randomized study with cost-minimization analysis

PubMed Central

Revelli, Alberto; Poso, Francesca; Gennarelli, Gianluca; Moffa, Federica; Grassi, Giuseppina; Massobrio, Marco

2006-01-01

Background Both recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and highly-purified, urinary FSH (HP-uFSH) are frequently used in ovulation induction associated with timed sexual intercourse. Their effectiveness is reported to be similar, and therefore the costs of treatment represent a major issue to be considered. Although several studies about costs in IVF have been published, data obtained in low-technology infertility treatments are still scarce. Methods Two hundred and sixty infertile women (184 with unexplained infertility, 76 with CC-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome) at their first treatment cycle were randomized and included in the study. Ovulation induction was accomplished by daily administration of rFSH or HP-uFSH according to a low-dose, step-up regimen aimed to obtain a monofollicular ovulation. A bi- or tri-follicular ovulation was anyway accepted, whereas hCG was withdrawn and the cycle cancelled when more than three follicles greater than or equal to 18 mm diameter were seen at ultrasound. The primary outcome measure was the cost of therapy per delivered baby, estimated according to a cost-minimization analysis. Secondary outcomes were the following: monofollicular ovulation rate, total FSH dose, cycle cancellation rate, length of the follicular phase, number of developing follicles (>12 mm diameter), endometrial thickness at hCG, incidence of twinning and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, delivery rate. Results The overall FSH dose needed to achieve ovulation was significantly lower with r-FSH, whereas all the other studied variables did not significantly differ with either treatments. However, a trend toward a higher delivery rate with r-FSH was observed in the whole group and also when results were considered subgrouping patients according to the indication to treatment. Conclusion Considering the significantly lower number of vials/patient and the slight (although non-significant) increase in the delivery rate with r-FSH, the cost-minimization analysis showed a 9.4% reduction in the overall therapy cost per born baby in favor of r-FSH. PMID:16848893

Dyssynchrony and perinatal psychopathology impact of child disease on parents-child interactions, the paradigm of Prader Willi syndrom.

PubMed

Viaux-Savelon, Sylvie; Rosenblum, Ouriel; Guedeney, Antoine; Diene, Gwenaelle; Çabal-Berthoumieu, Sophie; Fichaux-Bourin, Pascale; Molinas, Catherine; Faye, Sandy; Valette, Marion; Bascoul, Céline; Cohen, David; Tauber, Maïthé

2016-11-01

Infant-mother interaction is a set of bidirectional processes, where the baby is not only affected by the influences of his caregiver, but is also at the origin of considerable modifications. The recent discovery of biological correlates of synchrony during interaction validated its crucial value during child development. Here, we focus on the paradigmatic case of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) where early endocrinal dysfunction is associated with severe hypotonia and early feeding disorder. As a consequence, parent-infant interaction is impaired. In a recent study (Tauber et al., 2017), OXT intranasal infusion was able to partially reverse the feeding phenotype, infant's behavior and brain connectivity. This article details the interaction profile found during feeding in these dyads and their improvement after OXT treatment. Eighteen infants (≤6months) with PWS were recruited and hospitalized 9days in a French reference center for PWS where they were treated with a short course of intranasal OXT. Social withdrawal behavior and mother-infant interaction were assessed on videos of feeding before and after treatment using the Alarm Distress Baby (ADBB) Scale and the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) Scale. Raters were blind to treatment status. At baseline, infants with PWS showed hypotonia, low expressiveness of affects, fatigability and poor involvement in the relationship with severe withdrawal. Parents tended to adapt to their child difficulties, but the interaction was perturbed, tense, restricted and frequently intrusive with a forcing component during the feeding situation. After OXT treatment, infants were more alert, less fatigable, more expressive, and had less social withdrawal. They initiated mutual activities and were more engaged in relationships through gaze, behavior, and vocalizations. They had a better global tonicity with better handling. These modifications helped the parents to be more sensitive and the synchrony of the dyad was in a positive transactional spiral. Dys-synchrony can be induced by children's pathology as well as parental pathology with emotional and developmental impact in the both cases. The PWS paradigm shows us the necessity to sustain early parents-child relationship to avoid establishment of a negative transactional pattern of interaction that can impact child's development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Your Baby's First Year

MedlinePlus

... feeding, please see our CPF booklet and video series, Feeding Your Baby . An infant born with a cleft lip and/or palate should be ready to eat solid foods at the same time as any other baby. Foods should be offered ...

Baby Teeth Link Autism and Heavy Metals, NIH Study Suggests

MedlinePlus

... Release Thursday, June 1, 2017 Baby teeth link autism and heavy metals, NIH study suggests Cross-section ... Sinai Health System Baby teeth from children with autism contain more toxic lead and less of the ...

Smokefree After Baby

Cancer.gov

Many women quit smoking when they become pregnant. However, about 40 percent start smoking again 6 months after they have their baby. Quitting smoking has benefits for you and your baby that last longer than the 9 months of your pregnancy.

Your Baby's Growth: 5 Months

MedlinePlus

... Search English Español Your Baby's Growth: 5 Months KidsHealth / For Parents / Your Baby's Growth: 5 Months What's ... the Nemours Web site. Note: All information on KidsHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical ...

Your Baby's Growth: 3 Months

MedlinePlus

... Search English Español Your Baby's Growth: 3 Months KidsHealth / For Parents / Your Baby's Growth: 3 Months What's ... the Nemours Web site. Note: All information on KidsHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical ...

Botulism

MedlinePlus

... if a baby younger than 1 year eats honey, so it's important that babies don't eat honey until they're older. What Does Botulism Do? ... remind grown-ups that babies shouldn't have honey. There's one more thing kids can do to ...

Breastfeeding FAQs: Sleep - Yours and Your Baby's

MedlinePlus

... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Breastfeeding FAQs: Sleep - Yours and Your Baby's KidsHealth / For ... to sleep sooner. My baby falls asleep while nursing. What can I do? Newborns often fall asleep ...

Mental health: outcomes of 10 babies of mothers with a history of serious mental illness.

PubMed

McCauley, K M; Cross, W; Kulkarni, J

2014-09-01

Women with serious mental illness are frequently on antipsychotic medications to maintain their mental health. During pregnancy there is much debate as to whether to continue or cease these medications. The possibility of adverse effects is of concern to clinicians and the women. This study used a case study methodology to identify the outcomes for 10 babies of women with a history of serious mental illness. The results provide further evidence in regard to women and the use of antipsychotic medications throughout pregnancy and during the first year after birth. Separation of mother and baby occurred in five of the 10 babies. This study identifies the neonatal complications for these vulnerable babies as not outside the norm for births in Australia. The high rate of mother-baby separation is of great concern and needs further longitudinal studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Baby schema modulates the brain reward system in nulliparous women.

PubMed

Glocker, Melanie L; Langleben, Daniel D; Ruparel, Kosha; Loughead, James W; Valdez, Jeffrey N; Griffin, Mark D; Sachser, Norbert; Gur, Ruben C

2009-06-02

Ethologist Konrad Lorenz defined the baby schema ("Kindchenschema") as a set of infantile physical features, such as round face and big eyes, that is perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in the human, with the evolutionary function of enhancing offspring survival. The neural basis of this fundamental altruistic instinct is not well understood. Prior studies reported a pattern of brain response to pictures of children, but did not dissociate the brain response to baby schema from the response to children. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and controlled manipulation of the baby schema in infant faces, we found that baby schema activates the nucleus accumbens, a key structure of the mesocorticolimbic system mediating reward processing and appetitive motivation, in nulliparous women. Our findings suggest that engagement of the mesocorticolimbic system is the neurophysiologic mechanism by which baby schema promotes human caregiving, regardless of kinship.

Ergonomic adequacy of the baby nursery of child development center located in UFSC - Florianópolis.

PubMed

Vergara, Lizandra Garcia Lupi; Ribet, Lucie Elisa

2012-01-01

A study in the educators' work station at baby nursery of NDI/UFSC, located in Florianópolis, was conducted using the Work Ergonomic Analysis methodological tool. The demand considered was the educators' physical exhaustion caused by the weight carried when taking care of the babies, the postures assumed during the labor activity and the spatial arrangement of the baby nursery. Thinking ergonomically, the spatial arrangement is directly associated to three factors: the formal aspect of the environment, the esthetic aspect including colors and finish quality and the ease of understanding involved in the baby nursery labor. By the ergonomic adequacy it is possible to assert that if were established better conditions of posture and comfort for the educators, as well as satisfactory technical and operational information to carry out the activities, greater safety and welfare would be provided to the babies, the main focus of the work.

The Rourke Baby Record Infant/Child Maintenance Guide: do doctors use it, do they find it useful, and does using it improve their well-baby visit records?

PubMed Central

Rourke, Leslie; Godwin, Marshall; Rourke, James; Pearce, Sarah; Bean, Joyce

2009-01-01

Background The Rourke Baby Record (RBR) – – is a freely available evidence-based structured form for child health surveillance from zero to five years. Family physicians/general practitioners (FP/GPs) doing office based well-baby care in three Ontario Canada cities (London, Ottawa, and Toronto) were randomly sampled to study the prevalence and utility of the RBR and documentation of well-baby visits. Methods Database with telephone confirmation was conducted to assess the prevalence of use of the RBR. Study Part 1: Questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 100 RBR users. Outcome measures were utility of, helpfulness of, and suggestions for the RBR. Descriptive analysis was employed. Study Part 2: Retrospective chart review of well-baby visits by 38 FP/GPs using student t-tests and factor analysis. Outcome measures were well-baby visit documentation of growth, nutrition, safety issues, developmental milestones, physical examination, and overall comprehensiveness. Results The RBR was used by 78.5% (402/512) of successfully contacted FP/GPs who did well-baby care in these 3 cities. Study Part 1: Questionnaire respondents (N = 41/100) used the RBR in several ways, and found it most helpful for assessing healthy child development, charting/recording the visits, managing time effectively, addressing parent concerns, identifying health problems, and identifying high risk situations. The RBR was seen to be least helpful as a tool for managing or for referring identified health problems. Study Part 2: Charts from a total of 1,378 well-baby visits on 176 children were audited. Well-baby care provided by the 20 FP/GPs who used the RBR compared to that by the 18 non-users was statistically more likely to include documentation of type of feeding (p = 0.023), discussion of safety issues (p < 0.001), assessment of development (p = 0.001), and overall comprehensiveness (p < 0.001). Well-baby care provided by the RBR users compared to that by the non-users was not more likely to include documentation of measurement of growth (p = 0.097), or physical examination (p = 0.828). Conclusion The RBR was widely used by FP/GPs in these settings. RBR users found it helpful for many purposes, and had a consistently high rate of documentation of many aspects of well-baby care. The Rourke Baby Record has become a de facto gold standard clinical practice tool in knowledge translation for pediatric preventive medicine and health surveillance for primary care pediatric providers. PMID:19402912

The Rourke Baby Record Infant/Child Maintenance Guide: do doctors use it, do they find it useful, and does using it improve their well-baby visit records?

PubMed

Rourke, Leslie; Godwin, Marshall; Rourke, James; Pearce, Sarah; Bean, Joyce

2009-04-30

The Rourke Baby Record (RBR) - http://www.rourkebabyrecord.ca - is a freely available evidence-based structured form for child health surveillance from zero to five years. Family physicians/general practitioners (FP/GPs) doing office based well-baby care in three Ontario Canada cities (London, Ottawa, and Toronto) were randomly sampled to study the prevalence and utility of the RBR and documentation of well-baby visits. Database with telephone confirmation was conducted to assess the prevalence of use of the RBR. Study Part 1: Questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 100 RBR users. Outcome measures were utility of, helpfulness of, and suggestions for the RBR. Descriptive analysis was employed. Study Part 2: Retrospective chart review of well-baby visits by 38 FP/GPs using student t-tests and factor analysis. Outcome measures were well-baby visit documentation of growth, nutrition, safety issues, developmental milestones, physical examination, and overall comprehensiveness. The RBR was used by 78.5% (402/512) of successfully contacted FP/GPs who did well-baby care in these 3 cities. Study Part 1: Questionnaire respondents (N = 41/100) used the RBR in several ways, and found it most helpful for assessing healthy child development, charting/recording the visits, managing time effectively, addressing parent concerns, identifying health problems, and identifying high risk situations. The RBR was seen to be least helpful as a tool for managing or for referring identified health problems. Study Part 2: Charts from a total of 1,378 well-baby visits on 176 children were audited. Well-baby care provided by the 20 FP/GPs who used the RBR compared to that by the 18 non-users was statistically more likely to include documentation of type of feeding (p = 0.023), discussion of safety issues (p < 0.001), assessment of development (p = 0.001), and overall comprehensiveness (p < 0.001). Well-baby care provided by the RBR users compared to that by the non-users was not more likely to include documentation of measurement of growth (p = 0.097), or physical examination (p = 0.828). The RBR was widely used by FP/GPs in these settings. RBR users found it helpful for many purposes, and had a consistently high rate of documentation of many aspects of well-baby care. The Rourke Baby Record has become a de facto gold standard clinical practice tool in knowledge translation for pediatric preventive medicine and health surveillance for primary care pediatric providers.

Using the effects of maternal nutritional indicators (hemoglobin and total protein) on baby's birth weight outcome to forecast a paradigm shift toward increased levels of non-communicable diseases in children.

PubMed

Ahmadu, Baba Usman; Yakubu, Nyandaiti; Yusuph, Haruna; Alfred, Marshall; Bazza, Buba; Lamurde, Abdullahi Suleiman

2013-01-01

Maternal malnutrition can lead to low birth weight in babies, which puts them at risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. Evidence from developed countries has shown that low birth weight is associated with a predisposition to higher rates of non-communicable diseases later in life. However, information on this is lacking in developing countries. Thus, this work studied the effects of maternal nutritional indicators (hemoglobin and total protein) on birth weight outcome of babies to forecast a paradigm shift toward increased levels of non-communicable diseases in children. Mother-baby pairs were enrolled in this study using systematic random sampling. Maternal haemogblobin and total proteins were measured using micro-hematocrit and biuret methods, and birth weights of their babies were estimated using the bassinet weighing scale. Of the 168 (100%) babies that participated in this study, 122 (72.6%) were delivered at term and 142 (84.5%) had normal birth weights. Mean comparison of baby's birth weight and maternal hemoglobin was not significant (P = 0.483), that for maternal total protein was also not significant (P = 0.411). Even though positive correlation coefficients were observed between birth weight of babies, maternal hemoglobin and total proteins, these were however not significant. Maternal nutrition did not contribute significantly to low birth weight in our babies. Therefore, association between maternal nutrition and low birth weight to predict future development of non-communicable diseases in our study group is highly unlikely. However, we recommend further work.

Baby-MIND neutrino detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mefodiev, A. V.; Kudenko, Yu. G.; Mineev, O. V.; Khotjantsev, A. N.

2017-11-01

The main objective of the Baby-MIND detector (Magnetized Iron Neutrino Detector) is the study of muon charge identification efficiency for muon momenta from 0.3 to 5 GeV/ c. This paper presents the results of measurement of the Baby-MIND parameters.

Changes in Responsiveness to Babies during Adolescence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, S. Shirley; Nash, Sharon Churnin

1979-01-01

Interest in babies was assessed in 30 high school seniors and 32 college freshmen. Measures varied from passive perceptual responses to pictures, to behavioral reactions to a live baby in the presence and in the absence of an adult. (JMB)

What midwives need to know about baby massage.

PubMed

MacDonald, Cheryl

2012-09-01

Baby massage has become increasingly popular in the West among parents and healthcare practitioners alike, with numerous studies continuing to hail the benefits of taking time to massage and bond with your baby. Newborn and infant massage is of particular interest to midwives in their primary role, helping families to bond and heal the pain of traumatic births, but now many midwives are offering baby massage sessions privately in their spare time also. Here's the low down.

Birth at 22 gestational weeks: case report of cognitive resilience.

PubMed

Hopp, Crista A; Baron, Ida Sue

2017-02-01

Children delivered at the edge of viability are at greatest risk of medical and neuropsychological disability, their adverse outcomes overshadowing extremely preterm survivors with more optimal outcomes. We aimed to describe an exceptionally early-born extremely preterm (EEEP) preschooler whose neurobiological, familial, and socioeconomic factors likely influenced her unexpected cognitive resilience. Baby G was a 3-years 10-months-old, English-speaking, Caucasian, singleton girl born weighing 435 g at 22 5/7  weeks' gestation to well-educated married parents. Neonatal complications of extremely premature birth included sepsis, severe respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus requiring ligation, necrotizing enterocolitis not requiring surgical intervention, and retinopathy of prematurity. Intellectual and neuropsychological testing was administered. Baby G performed age-appropriately in nearly all domains and did not exhibit intellectual deficits. Her general conceptual ability was above average for both her chronological and adjusted ages. She had below average performance on tests of motor function, working memory, and delayed recall of spatial locations. Standardized parental behavioral questionnaires indicated no concern in emotional or attentional functioning except in relation to mental shifting capacity and signs of anxiety. Report of persistent adverse neurodevelopmental/neuropsychological disabilities following EEEP birth is a counterpoint to the more optimal outcomes in some vulnerable EEEP survivors. This case emphasizes that decisions about aggressive resuscitation and prognostication for infants born EEEP may be enhanced by consideration of individual variability, and of pertinent medical, socioeconomic, and sociodemographic variables that may be more predictive of neuropsychological outcomes than birth weight and gestational age.

Persistence of Zika Virus After Birth: Clinical, Virological, Neuroimaging, and Neuropathological Documentation in a 5-Month Infant With Congenital Zika Syndrome.

PubMed

Chimelli, Leila; Moura Pone, Sheila; Avvad-Portari, Elyzabeth; Farias Meira Vasconcelos, Zilton; Araújo Zin, Andrea; Prado Cunha, Daniela; Raposo Thompson, Nathalia; Lopes Moreira, Maria Elisabeth; Wiley, Clayton A; da Silva Pone, Marcos Vinicius

2018-03-01

During the Zika epidemic in Brazil, a baby was born at term with microcephaly and arthrogryposis. The mother had Zika symptoms at 10 weeks of gestation. At 17 weeks, ultrasound showed cerebral malformation and ventriculomegaly. At 24 weeks, the amniotic fluid contained ZIKV RNA and at birth, placenta and maternal blood were also positive using RT-qPCR. At birth the baby urine contained ZIKV RNA, whereas CSF at birth and urine at 17 days did not. Seizures started at 6 days. EEG was abnormal and CT scan showed cerebral atrophy, calcifications, lissencephaly, ventriculomegaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Bacterial sepsis at 2 months was treated. A sudden increase in head circumference occurred at 4 months necessitating ventricle-peritoneal shunt placement. At 5 months, the infant died with sepsis due to bacterial meningitis. Neuropathological findings were as severe as some of those found in neonates who died soon after birth, including hydrocephalus, destructive lesions/calcification, gliosis, abnormal neuronal migration, dysmaturation of nerve cells, hypomyelination, loss of descending axons, and spinal motor neurons. ZIKV RNA was detected only in frozen brain tissue using RT-qPCR, but infected cells were not detected by in situ hybridization. Progressive gliosis and microgliosis in the midbrain may have contributed to aqueduct compression and subsequent hydrocephalus. The etiology of progressive disease after in utero infection is not clear and requires investigation. © 2018 American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Linking Data for Mothers and Babies in De-Identified Electronic Health Data.

PubMed

Harron, Katie; Gilbert, Ruth; Cromwell, David; van der Meulen, Jan

2016-01-01

Linkage of longitudinal administrative data for mothers and babies supports research and service evaluation in several populations around the world. We established a linked mother-baby cohort using pseudonymised, population-level data for England. Retrospective linkage study using electronic hospital records of mothers and babies admitted to NHS hospitals in England, captured in Hospital Episode Statistics between April 2001 and March 2013. Of 672,955 baby records in 2012/13, 280,470 (42%) linked deterministically to a maternal record using hospital, GP practice, maternal age, birthweight, gestation, birth order and sex. A further 380,164 (56%) records linked using probabilistic methods incorporating additional variables that could differ between mother/baby records (admission dates, ethnicity, 3/4-character postcode district) or that include missing values (delivery variables). The false-match rate was estimated at 0.15% using synthetic data. Data quality improved over time: for 2001/02, 91% of baby records were linked (holding the estimated false-match rate at 0.15%). The linked cohort was representative of national distributions of gender, gestation, birth weight and maternal age, and captured approximately 97% of births in England. Probabilistic linkage of maternal and baby healthcare characteristics offers an efficient way to enrich maternity data, improve data quality, and create longitudinal cohorts for research and service evaluation. This approach could be extended to linkage of other datasets that have non-disclosive characteristics in common.

Impact of a new aggressive nutrition policy incorporating early introduction of parenteral nutrition and mother's own milk on growth of preterm infants.

PubMed

Low, Chuen Siang; Ho, Jacqueline J; Nallusamy, Revathy

2016-11-01

Most of the evidence on early feeding of preterm infants was derived from high income settings, it is equally important to evaluate whether it can be successfully implemented into less resourced settings. This study aimed to compare growth and feeding of preterm infants before and after the introduction of a new aggressive feeding policy in Penang Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in a middle income country. The new aggressive feeding policy was developed mainly from Cochrane review evidence, using early parenteral and enteral nutrition with standardized breastfeeding counselling aimed at empowering mothers to provide early expressed milk. A total of 80 preterm babies (34 weeks and below) discharged from NICU were included (40 pre- and 40 post-intervention). Pre and post-intervention data were compared. The primary outcome was growth at day 7, 14, 21 and at discharge and secondary outcomes were time to full oral feeding, breastfeeding rates, and adverse events. Complete data were available for all babies to discharge. One baby was discharged prior to day 14 and 10 babies before day 21, so growth data for these babies were unavailable. Baseline data were similar in the two groups. There was no significant weight difference at 7, 14, 21 days and at discharge. More post-intervention babies were breastfed at discharge than pre-intervention babies (21 vs. 8, P=0.005). Nosocomial infection (11 vs. 4, P=0.045), and blood transfusion were significantly lower in the postintervention babies than in the pre-intervention babies (31 vs. 13, P=0.01). The post-intervention babies were more likely to achieve shorter median days (interquartile range) to full oral feeding [11 (6) days vs. 13 (11) days, P=0.058] and with lower number affecting necrotising enterocolitis (0 vs. 5, P=0.055). Early aggressive parenteral nutrition and early provision of mother's milk did not result in improved growth as evidenced by weight gain at discharge. However we found more breastfeeding babies, lower nosocomial infection and transfusion rates. Our findings suggest that implementing a more aggressive feeding policy supported by high level scientific evidence is able to improve important outcomes.

Effect on skin hydration of using baby wipes to clean the napkin area of newborn babies: assessor-blinded randomised controlled equivalence trial.

PubMed

Lavender, Tina; Furber, Christine; Campbell, Malcolm; Victor, Suresh; Roberts, Ian; Bedwell, Carol; Cork, Michael J

2012-06-01

Some national guidelines recommend the use of water alone for napkin cleansing. Yet, there is a readiness, amongst many parents, to use baby wipes. Evidence from randomised controlled trials, of the effect of baby wipes on newborn skin integrity is lacking. We conducted a study to examine the hypothesis that the use of a specifically formulated cleansing wipe on the napkin area of newborn infants (<1 month) has an equivalent effect on skin hydration when compared with using cotton wool and water (usual care). A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled equivalence trial was conducted during 2010. Healthy, term babies (n=280), recruited within 48 hours of birth, were randomly assigned to have their napkin area cleansed with an alcohol-free baby wipe (140 babies) or cotton wool and water (140 babies). Primary outcome was change in hydration from within 48 hours of birth to 4 weeks post-birth. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in trans-epidermal water loss, skin surface pH and erythema, presence of microbial skin contaminants/irritants at 4 weeks and napkin dermatitis reported by midwife at 4 weeks and mother during the 4 weeks. Complete hydration data were obtained for 254 (90.7 %) babies. Wipes were shown to be equivalent to water and cotton wool in terms of skin hydration (intention-to-treat analysis: wipes 65.4 (SD 12.4) vs. water 63.5 (14.2), p=0.47, 95% CI -2.5 to 4.2; per protocol analysis: wipes 64.6 (12.4) vs. water 63.6 (14.3), p=0.53, 95% CI -2.4 to 4.2). No significant differences were found in the secondary outcomes, except for maternal-reported napkin dermatitis, which was higher in the water group (p=0.025 for complete responses). Baby wipes had an equivalent effect on skin hydration when compared with cotton wool and water. We found no evidence of any adverse effects of using these wipes. These findings offer reassurance to parents who choose to use baby wipes and to health professionals who support their use. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN86207019.

A study of the effect of nasal modes of ventilation on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm neonates.

PubMed

Mathai, Ss; Datta, Karuna; Adhikari, Km

2012-01-01

Nasal modes of respiratory support cause variable amounts of gastric dilatation which may increase gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) in preterms. To compare the incidence of GER in nasally ventilated, preterm babies with controls (babies not on ventilation). A prospective, observational comparative study. Twenty-three preterm babies of gestational age 28-36 weeks and weight ranging between 1,000 g and < 2,500 g on either nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive pressure venti-lation (nIPPV) were assessed for GER. They were compared with controls not on ventilation some of who were test babies when off ventilation (subgroup A) and some were unrelated babies not on ventilator but matched for gestational age and weight with test babies (subgroup B). All babies were subjected to continuous, oesophageal pH monitoring with dual sensor (upper and lower oesophageal) catheters. Reflux index (RI) was calculated as the percentage of study time the lower oesophageal pH was < 4. Primary outcome was the RI in the test and controls groups. Secondary outcome was the temporal relation of the reflux with symptoms if any. Numerical data were shown as mean with standard deviation and statistical comparisons were done using the χ(2)-test, Fischer test, and t-test wherever applicable. The RI was higher in ventilated babies as compared to the control group, particularly in the subgroup A, where test babies formed their own controls. Grade IV reflux (7 cases) was seen only in the ventilated babies. There was no difference in the incidence of GER in babies on nCPAP as compared with nIPPV. Grade IV reflux could not be reliably predicted by RI alone. No definite temporal relation between episodes of reflux and symptoms could be determined in this study. There is an increase in GER in preterms on nasal modes of ventilation. A combination of upper (pharyngeal) and lower oesophageal sensors are preferred to a single lower oesophageal sensor when assessing GER by oesophageal pHmetry in neonates.

Preterm Birth

MedlinePlus

... birth is when a baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed. In 2016, preterm birth affected ... develop. Read Your Baby Grows Throughout Your Entire Pregnancy [PDF-312KB]. Babies born too early (especially before 32 weeks) have higher rates of ...

Diaphragmatic hernia repair - congenital

MedlinePlus

... how well the lungs are working. A light sensor (called a pulse oximeter) is taped to baby's skin to monitor the oxygen level in the blood. Your baby may be given medicines to control blood pressure and keep them comfortable. Your baby will have ...

Microcephaly

MedlinePlus

... possibly even below the first percentile for your baby's age and sex. A child with more severe microcephaly may also have a backward-sloping forehead. When to see a doctor Chances are your doctor will detect microcephaly at the baby's birth or at a regular well-baby checkup. ...

Thinness at birth in a northern industrial town.

PubMed

Law, C M; Barker, D J; Richardson, W W; Shiell, A W; Grime, L P; Armand-Smith, N G; Cruddas, A M

1993-08-01

To determine whether babies in an area of Britain with unusually high perinatal mortality have different patterns of fetal growth to those born elsewhere in the country. Measurement of body size in newborn babies. Burnley (perinatal mortality in 1988 15.9/1000 total births) and Salisbury (perinatal mortality 10.8/1000 total births), England. Subjects comprised 1544 babies born in Burnley, Pendle, and Rossendale Health District, and 1025 babies born in Salisbury Health District. Birthweight, length, head, arm and abdominal circumferences, and placental weight were determined. Compared with babies born in Salisbury, Burnley babies had lower mean birthweight (difference 116 g, 95% confidence interval (CI) 77,154), smaller head circumferences (difference 0.3 cm, 95% CI 0.2, 0.4), and were thinner as measured by arm circumference (difference 0.3 cm, 95% CI 0.3, 0.4), abdominal circumference (difference 0.5 cm, 95% CI 0.4, 0.6) and ponderal index (difference 0.8 kg/m3, 95% CI 0.6, 1.0). The ratio of placental weight to birthweight was higher in Burnley (difference 0.6%, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9). These differences were found in boys and girls and did not depend on differences in duration of gestation or on the different ethnic mix of the two districts. Mothers in Burnley were younger, shorter in stature, had had more children, were of lower social class, and more of them smoked during pregnancy than mothers in Salisbury. These differences did not explain the greater thinness of their babies. Babies born in Burnley, an area with high perinatal mortality, are thin. The reason is unknown. Poor maternal nutrition is suspected because Burnley babies have a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The greater thinness at birth of Burnley babies could have long term consequences, including higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

Weight change in the term baby in the first 2 weeks of life.

PubMed

Crossland, D S; Richmond, S; Hudson, M; Smith, K; Abu-Harb, M

2008-04-01

Midwives once used serial weighing to highlight lactation problems, but this is now discouraged for the fear of undermining maternal confidence. To explore weight changes in healthy newborn term babies, to gain information to aid interpretation of such measurements and to construct a centile chart for those exclusively breastfed during the first 2 weeks. Two hundred ninety-nine mothers weighed their baby daily using the same electronic scales. In 46 cases, three or more consecutive measurements were omitted leaving 253 series to evaluate, of which 111 were exclusively breastfed. Breastfed babies lost a mean 6.4% of birthweight (95% CI: 5.5-7.3%) before starting to gain, and 54% took more than 8 days to regain birthweight. Artificially fed babies lost less (3.7%, 95% CI: 2.7-4.7%), but 39% had not regained their birthweight by 8 days. Once birthweight was regained, average gain was about 1% of birthweight per day in both breast- and artificially-fed babies. Measurements less than 5 days apart predicted average weight gain poorly. Feeding problems should be considered if weight is not increasing by 6 days, but some healthy babies take 17 days to regain their birthweight.

Measuring New Born Foot Length to Identify Small Babies in Need of Extra Care: a Cross-Sectional Hospital Based Study

PubMed Central

Mukherjee, Satarupa; Roy, Prithwish; Mitra, Souvik; Samanta, Moumita; Chatterjee, Sukanta

2013-01-01

Objective The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) continues to remain quite high, one important cause being preterm deliveries. The main obstacle in the pathway towards decreasing NMR is identification of babies in need of extra care. To analyze the utility of newborn foot length as a proxy measure for birth weight and gestational age. Methods A cross-sectional study done in a hospital of eastern India with 351 babies during 4 months. Right foot length of each recorded using a plastic, stiff ruler. Findings 48.1% babies were preterm, 51.8% low birth weight (LBW) and 33.3% very low birth weight (VLBW). Foot length less than 7.75 cm has 92.3% sensitivity and 86.3% specificity for identification of preterm neonates. For identification of LBW babies (<2500 gm) a foot length less than 7.85cm has 100% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity. Foot length less than 6.85 cm has 100% sensitivity and 94.9% specifity for identification of VLBW babies (<1500 gm). Conclusion Foot length may be used in the identification of LBW and preterm babies who are in need of extra care. PMID:24800008

Sex stereotypes influence adults' perception of babies' cries.

PubMed

Reby, David; Levréro, Florence; Gustafsson, Erik; Mathevon, Nicolas

2016-04-14

Despite widespread evidence that gender stereotypes influence human parental behavior, their potential effects on adults' perception of babies' cries have been overlooked. In particular, whether adult listeners overgeneralize the sex dimorphism that characterizes the voice of adult speakers (men are lower-pitched than women) to their perception of babies' cries has not been investigated. We used playback experiments combining natural and re-synthesised cries of 3 month-old babies to investigate whether the interindividual variation in the fundamental frequency (pitch) of cries affected adult listeners' identification of the baby's sex, their perception the baby's femininity and masculinity, and whether these biases interacted with their perception of the level of discomfort expressed by the cry. We show that low-pitched cries are more likely to be attributed to boys and high-pitched cries to girls, despite the absence of sex differences in pitch. Moreover, low-pitched boys are perceived as more masculine and high-pitched girls are perceived as more feminine. Finally, adult men rate relatively low-pitched cries as expressing more discomfort when presented as belonging to boys than to girls. Such biases in caregivers' responses to babies' cries may have implications on children's immediate welfare and on the development of their gender identity.

Social media messaging in pregnancy: comparing content of Text4baby to content of free smart phone applications of pregnancy.

PubMed

Lewkowitz, Adam K; O'Donnell, Betsy E; Nakagawa, Sanae; Vargas, Juan E; Zlatnik, Marya G

2016-03-01

Text4baby is the only free text-message program for pregnancy available. Our objective was to determine whether content differed between Text4baby and popular pregnancy smart phone applications (apps). Researchers enrolled in Text4baby in 2012 and downloaded the four most-popular free pregnancy smart phone apps in July 2013; content was re-extracted in February 2014. Messages were assigned thematic codes. Two researchers coded messages independently before reviewing all the codes jointly to ensure consistency. Logistic regression modeling determined statistical differences between Text4baby and smart phone apps. About 1399 messages were delivered. Of these, 333 messages had content related to more than one theme and were coded as such, resulting in 1820 codes analyzed. Compared to smart phone apps, Text4baby was significantly more likely to have content regarding Postpartum Planning, Seeking Care, Recruitment and Prevention and significantly less likely to mention Normal Pregnancy Symptoms. No messaging program included content regarding postpartum contraception. To improve content without increasing text message number, Text4baby could replace messages on recruitment with messages regarding normal pregnancy symptoms, fetal development and postpartum contraception.

Short spell kangaroo mother care and its differential physiological influence in subgroups of preterm babies.

PubMed

Boju, Sangeetha Lakshmi; Gopi Krishna, Muddu; Uppala, Rajani; Chodavarapu, Praneeta; Chodavarapu, Ravikumar

2012-06-01

In routine practice, 4-6 h of kangaroo mother care (KMC) is adopted. Many mothers feel the duration impracticable. In 86 preterm babies, pre and post 1 h KMC changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), axillary temperature and SpO(2) are measured, in each baby. Postnatal age at the time of the study is 7.7 ± 5.2 days. Significant changes observed are decrease in mean HR by 3 bpm, RR by 3 min(-1) and increase in mean axillary temperature by 0.4 F and SpO(2) by 1.1%. In SGA babies, post KMC decrease in mean HR by 5 bpm, increase in mean axillary temperature by 0.6 F and SpO(2) by 2.1% are significant. In female babies, post KMC decrease in mean RR by 6 min(-1) and increase mean axillary temperature by 0.3 F and SpO(2) by 1.5% are significant. We conclude that preterm babies are benefited by 1 h KMC. SGA and female preterm babies showed different and greater response.

Assessment of Irritation and Sensitization Potential of Eight Baby Skin Care Products.

PubMed

Galzote, Carlos; Thomas, Mini; Sachdev, Mukta

2016-10-01

Ethnic differences in skin sensitivity suggest that greater emphasis be focused on understanding a product's effect in diverse populations. The irritation and/or sensitization potential of 8 baby skin care products in Indian adults were evaluated using cumulative irritation tests (CIT) and human repeat insult patch testing (HRIPT) protocols. Healthy males or females aged 18 to 65 years of Indian ethnicity were treated with each of 6 products (cream, hair oil, lotion, body wash, shampoo, and baby soap) using CIT (n = 25) and HRIPT (n = 200). Baby powder and baby oil were evaluated by CIT (n = 25) and HRIPT (n = 107) in separate studies. CITs were conducted over 14 days; HRIPTs were conducted over 10 weeks. In both CIT and HRIPT, most products were considered mild, with no irritation. Baby soap and powder elicited reactions in the HRIPT induction phase, with positive challenge phase reactions (3 subjects), but were affirmed to be nonallergenic in the rechallenge phase. In these studies, 8 baby skin care products were evaluated by both CIT and HRIPT in Indian adults. The results of the studies indicated that all of the tested products were nonallergenic and nonirritating.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(10):1244-1248.

Reading baby books: medicine, marketing, money and the lives of American infants.

PubMed

Golden, Janet; Weiner, Lynn

2011-01-01

This article examines American baby books from the late nineteenth through the twentieth century. Baby books are ephemeral publications—formatted with one or more printed pages for recording developmental, health, and social information about infants and often including personal observations, artifacts such as photographs or palm prints, medical and other prescriptive advice, and advertisements. For historians they serve as records of the changing social and cultural worlds of infancy, offering insights into the interplay of childrearing practices and larger social movements.Baby books are a significant historical source both challenging and supporting current historiography, and they illustrate how medical, market and cultural forces shaped the ways babies were cared for and in turn how their won behavior shaped family lives. A typology of baby books includes the lavishly illustrated keepsake books of the late nineteenth century, commercial and public health books of the twentieth century, and on-line records of the present day. Themes that emerge over time include those of scientific medicine and infant psychology, religion and consumerism. The article relies on secondary literature and on archival sources including the collections of the UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library as well as privately held baby books.

Development of living body information monitoring system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakamoto, Hidetoshi; Ohbuchi, Yoshifumi; Torigoe, Ippei; Miyagawa, Hidekazu; Murayama, Nobuki; Hayashida, Yuki; Igasaki, Tomohiko

2010-03-01

The easy monitoring systems of contact and non-contact living body information for preventing the the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) were proposed as an alternative monitoring system of the infant's vital information. As for the contact monitoring system, respiration sensor, ECG electrodes, thermistor and IC signal processor were integrated into babies' nappy holder. This contact-monitoring unit has RF transmission function and the obtained data are analyzed in real time by PC. In non-contact mortaring system, the infrared thermo camera was used. The surrounding of the infant's mouth and nose is monitored and the respiration rate is obtained by thermal image processing of its temperature change image of expired air. This proposed system of in-sleep infant's vital information monitoring system and unit are very effective as not only infant's condition monitoring but also nursing person's one.

Parenthood in Renal Homograft Recipients

PubMed Central

Penn, Israel; Makowski, Edgar; Droegemueller, William; Halgrimson, Charles G.; Starzl, Thomas E.

2010-01-01

Nineteen male recipients of renal homografts were responsible for 23 pregnancies, resulting so far in 19 live births and one abortion; three additional wives have not yet been delivered of infants. Eighteen of the 19 infants were normal; the abnormal infant had a myelomeningocele and other anomalies. Eight female recipients have become pregnant ten times. Two of the pregnancies were terminated with therapeutic abortions, and two more are in progress. The other six resulted in live births. There were only two infants with a completely uncomplicated neonatal period. One premature baby died a few hours after birth from hyaline membrane disease. The other five survived, but one had pulmonary valvular stenosis, two had evidence of transient adrenocortical insufficiency plus lymphopenia, and one child had the respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function of three mothers underwent deterioration during pregnancy, but was restored after its termination PMID:4931428

Chiropractic management of breast-feeding difficulties: a case report.

PubMed

Holleman, Annique C; Nee, John; Knaap, Simone F C

2011-09-01

The purpose of this study is to discuss a chiropractic case of management and resolution of breast-feeding difficulties. The case involves an 8-day-old baby unable to breast-feed since 4 days old. Initial examination revealed cervical, cranial, and sacral restrictions. She was diagnosed with craniocervical syndrome by a doctor of chiropractic. Following history and examination, the infant received gentle chiropractic manipulation based on clinical findings. Immediate improvement and complete resolution of the nursing problems were observed after 3 treatments over 14 days. The results of this case suggest that neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction may influence the ability of an infant to suckle successfully and that intervention via chiropractic adjustments may result in improving the infant's ability to suckle efficiently. Copyright © 2011 National University of Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of living body information monitoring system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakamoto, Hidetoshi; Ohbuchi, Yoshifumi; Torigoe, Ippei; Miyagawa, Hidekazu; Murayama, Nobuki; Hayashida, Yuki; Igasaki, Tomohiko

2009-12-01

The easy monitoring systems of contact and non-contact living body information for preventing the the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) were proposed as an alternative monitoring system of the infant's vital information. As for the contact monitoring system, respiration sensor, ECG electrodes, thermistor and IC signal processor were integrated into babies' nappy holder. This contact-monitoring unit has RF transmission function and the obtained data are analyzed in real time by PC. In non-contact mortaring system, the infrared thermo camera was used. The surrounding of the infant's mouth and nose is monitored and the respiration rate is obtained by thermal image processing of its temperature change image of expired air. This proposed system of in-sleep infant's vital information monitoring system and unit are very effective as not only infant's condition monitoring but also nursing person's one.

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn

MedlinePlus

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) of the newborn is a bleeding disorder in babies. It most often develops in ... A lack of vitamin K may cause severe bleeding in newborn babies. Vitamin K plays an important role in blood clotting. Babies often have a ...

Rich Responses Help Babies Learn and Thrive

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillespie, Linda; Parlakian, Rebecca

2009-01-01

This article reminds infant care teachers of the ways thoughtful interactions between adults and very young children teach babies and toddlers who they are as individuals. "When teachers take the time to respond respectfully and thoughtfully, babies and young children learn and thrive."

Foundations in the Law: Classic Cases in Medical Ethics

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Defendant Ms. H, a citizen of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is the biological mother of Baby K, an infant girl born by Caesarean-section at the...defendant Mr. K, a citizen of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to be Baby K’s biological father. 8. Ms. H and Mr. K have never been married. 9. Since Baby K’s...the relative noninvolvement of Baby K’s biological father, the constitutional and common law presumption must be that Ms. H. is the appropriate decision

Persistence of lower birth weight in second generation South Asian babies born in the United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Margetts, B; Mohd, Y; Al, D; Jackson, A

2002-01-01

Objective: To assess differences in birth weight between all first and second generation South Asian babies born in Southampton, and trends since 1957. Design: Retrospective, cohort study. Setting: Birth records for babies born in Southampton from 1957 to 1996 were searched to identify all babies born of South Asian origin (including from the Indian subcontinent, East Africa, and elsewhere). Main outcome measures: All information recorded in the birth record about the mother and baby was extracted. Results: 2395 full term (>37 weeks; mean birth weight 3110; 95%CI 3092 to 3129) singleton births were identified. Detailed analysis was restricted to mothers either born in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh (1435)) or United Kingdom (283). Mean birth weight and % low birth weight (<2500 g) were 3133 g (95%CI 3108 to 3157) and 7.5%, for first generation babies and 3046 g (2992 to 3099) and 11.7% for second generation babies. There was no trend over time to increased average birth weight in either first or second generation babies. Adjusting for other factors that were statistically significantly related to birth weight (gender, gestational age, mother's age, maternal weight at 15 weeks, parity, and mother's ethnic group) did not alter the trends. Conclusions: For that group in the UK who derive from the Indian subcontinent, average birth weight is significantly less than the national average. There has not been any increase in the average birth weight over the past 40 years, and the birth weight of babies of women who were born in the UK are no greater. The persistence of lower than desirable birth weight may result long term in higher than average rates of diabetes and heart disease in these groups. PMID:12177085

Foot length--a new and potentially useful measurement in the neonate.

PubMed

James, D K; Dryburgh, E H; Chiswick, M L

1979-03-01

The foot length, occipito-frontal head circumference (OFC), crown-rump, and crown-heel length (CHL) of 123 neonates of gestational ages 26-42 weeks, were measured between 12 hours and 5 days. A gauge, designed and constructed at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, was used to measure foot length. In term babies (37-42 weeks) who were of weights appropriate for gestational age (AGA) the scatter about the mean of foot length measurements was small (coefficient of variation = 4.5%) compared with birthweight (coefficient of variation = 12.0%). The wide range of foot length measurements in babies of different gestational ages prevented maturity being accurately estimated. The mean birthweight of term light-for-dates (LFD) babies was 30.9% lower than term AGA babies, whereas the mean foot length, OFC, and body length of LFD babies was reduced by only 4.2-8.8%. There was a positive linear correlation between foot length and other indices of body size in LFD and AGA babies of all gestational ages. However, in premature babies (less than 37 weeks) the correlation between foot length and birthweight (r = 0.95) and foot length and CHL (r = 0.96) was pronounced. The 95% confidence limits of the regression lines were +/- 327 g and +/- 2.3 cm respectively. Birthweight and CHL of premature babies can therefore be estimated from a measurement of foot length that is performed simply and rapidly. Measurements of foot length are valuable in premature babies who are too ill at birth for conventional anthropometric measurements to be made, and in whom such measurements cannot be carried out subsequently because of the encumbrance of the incubator and intensive care apparatus. Drug dosages and intravenous fluid requirements based on body weight or surface area can be indirectly calculated from a measurement of foot length.

Persistence of lower birth weight in second generation South Asian babies born in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Margetts, B M; Mohd Yusof, S; Al Dallal, Z; Jackson, A A

2002-09-01

To assess differences in birth weight between all first and second generation South Asian babies born in Southampton, and trends since 1957. Retrospective, cohort study. Birth records for babies born in Southampton from 1957 to 1996 were searched to identify all babies born of South Asian origin (including from the Indian subcontinent, East Africa, and elsewhere). All information recorded in the birth record about the mother and baby was extracted. 2395 full term (>37 weeks; mean birth weight 3110; 95%CI 3092 to 3129) singleton births were identified. Detailed analysis was restricted to mothers either born in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh (1435)) or United Kingdom (283). Mean birth weight and % low birth weight (<2500 g) were 3133 g (95%CI 3108 to 3157) and 7.5%, for first generation babies and 3046 g (2992 to 3099) and 11.7% for second generation babies. There was no trend over time to increased average birth weight in either first or second generation babies. Adjusting for other factors that were statistically significantly related to birth weight (gender, gestational age, mother's age, maternal weight at 15 weeks, parity, and mother's ethnic group) did not alter the trends. For that group in the UK who derive from the Indian subcontinent, average birth weight is significantly less than the national average. There has not been any increase in the average birth weight over the past 40 years, and the birth weight of babies of women who were born in the UK are no greater. The persistence of lower than desirable birth weight may result long term in higher than average rates of diabetes and heart disease in these groups.

Social issues around advanced unwanted pregnancies in rural single women.

PubMed

Chhabra, S; Palaparthy, S; Mishra, S

2009-05-01

This study covers issues on advanced unwanted pregnancies in rural single women in South-east Asia, with reference to age, education, occupation, person responsible (i.e. baby's father) and reasons for delay in seeking assistance. It describes single women with pregnancy beyond the time for abortion, as set by the Indian abortion law. The study involved 314 girls/women and was set in the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India. The girls/women were admitted, provided with free facilities and had their babies looked after by hospital staff until given up for adoption, or otherwise. The outcomes of the study showed that most individuals (71.01%) were rural, less-literate, working girls. In 94.26% of cases, the baby's father was known; 24 (7.64%) reported rape (13 by a known person). A total of 66 individuals (21.02%) did not inform their parents about the pregnancy for up to 5 months. Five (1.59%) went to unqualified medical practitioners and 16.56% to private practitioners who did not give their services. A total of 47 (14.96%) had waited for the person responsible for their pregnancy before seeking assistance. There was a total of 315 babies born to 310 mothers (five twins); four absconded undelivered; 13 absconded after delivery (two with their babies, 11 leaving babies). The study found that pregnancies were often caused by rape and girls/women with no knowledge of abortion laws, shyness, fear, lack of desired privacy, lack of resources, misleading management at periphery all went beyond 20 weeks. Mostly, the babies were not accepted--the girls married the babies' fathers, but left their babies. Emergency contraception for unprotected sexual intercourse is essential.

Mothers' feelings about breastfeeding their premature babies in a rooming-in facility.

PubMed

Davim, Rejane Marie Barbosa; Enders, Bertha Cruz; da Silva, Richardson Augusto Rosendo

2010-09-01

This study aimed at learning about the feelings experienced by mothers while breastfeeding their premature babies in a rooming-in facility, by means of individual interviews with 33 mothers during the period of February to April 2006, at a maternity hospital in Natal/RN/Brazil. The main feelings referred by the mothers regarding their inability to breastfeed their premature babies immediately after delivery were: sorrow, guilt, disappointment, frustration, insecurity, and fear of touching, holding or harming the delicate babies while breastfeeding. However, the mother-child bond that was formed when the baby was discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and taken to the rooming-in facility was reflected by feelings of fulfillment, pride, and satisfaction at experiencing the first breastfeeding.

‘Baby Blues’ highbush blueberry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

‘Baby Blues’ is a new highbush blueberry from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) breeding program in Corvallis, OR, released in cooperation with Oregon State University’s Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Baby Blues’ is a vigorous, high-yielding, very small-f...

Diaper Rash

MedlinePlus

... back of the baby. Antibiotics given to a baby or a breastfeeding mom can cause this, as they kill off the "good" bacteria that keep Candida from growing. How Is Diaper Rash Treated? To help clear up diaper rash, check your baby's diaper often and change it as soon as ...

Baby factories taint surrogacy in Nigeria.

PubMed

Makinde, Olusesan Ayodeji; Makinde, Olufunmbi Olukemi; Olaleye, Olalekan; Brown, Brandon; Odimegwu, Clifford O

2016-01-01

The practice of reproductive medicine in Nigeria is facing new challenges with the proliferation of 'baby factories'. Baby factories are buildings, hospitals or orphanages that have been converted into places for young girls and women to give birth to children for sale on the black market, often to infertile couples, or into trafficking rings. This practice illegally provides outcomes (children) similar to surrogacy. While surrogacy has not been well accepted in this environment, the proliferation of baby factories further threatens its acceptance. The involvement of medical and allied health workers in the operation of baby factories raises ethical concerns. The lack of a properly defined legal framework and code of practice for surrogacy makes it difficult to prosecute baby factory owners, especially when they are health workers claiming to be providing services to clients. In this environment, surrogacy and other assisted reproductive techniques urgently require regulation in order to define when ethico-legal lines have been crossed in providing surrogacy or surrogacy-like services. Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Term babies with delayed cord clamping: an approach in preventing anemia (.).

PubMed

Ertekin, Arif Aktug; Nihan Ozdemir, Nilufer; Sahinoglu, Zeki; Gursoy, Tugba; Erbil, Nazan; Kaya, Erdal

2016-09-01

We investigated the effects of delayed and early clamping of the cord on the hematologic status of the baby at birth and at the end of second month. Umbilical cord of 74 babies were clamped in the first 30 s (Group 1) and 76 were clamped at 90-120 s (Group 2). Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin were analyzed from the umbilical cord blood at birth and from the venous samples at the end of second month. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin levels of cord blood were similar in both groups. However, their levels other than ferritin were higher in Group 2 at the end of second month. Two babies had respiratory distress and twelve neonates received phototherapy in Group 2 whereas only five neonates received phototherapy in Group 1. Term babies to whom delayed cord clamping was performed had improved hematological parameters at the end of second month. Therefore, delaying cord clamping in these babies may be a favorible approach in preventing anemia.

Emotional regulation of fertility decision making: what is the nature and structure of "baby fever"?

PubMed

Brase, Gary L; Brase, Sandra L

2012-10-01

Baby fever-a visceral physical and emotional desire to have a baby-is well known in popular culture, but has not been empirically studied in psychology. Different theoretical perspectives suggest that desire for a baby is either superfluous to biological sex drives and maternal instincts, a sociocultural phenomenon unrelated to biological or evolutionary forces, or an evolved adpatation for regulating birth timing, proceptive behavior, and life history trajectories. A series of studies (involving 337 undergraduate participants and 853 participants from a general population Internet sample) found that: (a) a simple scale measure could elicit ratings of desire frequency; (b) these ratings exhibited significant sex differences; (c) this sex difference was distinct from a general desire for sexual activity; and (d) these findings generalize to a more diverse online population. Factor analyses of ratings for desire elicitors/inhibitors identified three primary factors underlying baby fever. Baby fever appears to be a real phenomenon, with an underlying multifactorial structure.

Rejecting the Baby Doe rules and defending a "negative" analysis of the Best Interests Standard.

PubMed

Kopelman, Loretta M

2005-08-01

Two incompatible policies exist for guiding medical decisions for extremely premature, sick, or terminally ill infants, the Best Interests Standard and the newer, 20-year old "Baby Doe" Rules. The background, including why there were two sets of Baby Doe Rules, and their differences with the Best Interests Standard, are illustrated. Two defenses of the Baby Doe Rules are considered and rejected. The first, held by Reagan, Koop, and others, is a "right-to-life" defense. The second, held by some leaders of the American Academy of Pediatrics, is that the Baby Doe Rules are benign and misunderstood. The Baby Doe Rules should be rejected since they can thwart compassionate and individualized decision-making, undercut duties to minimize unnecessary suffering, and single out one group for treatment adults would not want for themselves. In these ways, they are inferior to the older Best Interests Standard. A "negative" analysis of the Best Interests Standard is articulated and defended for decision-making for all incompetent individuals.

Thought stopping and supportive therapy can reduce postpartum blues and anxiety parents of premature babies.

PubMed

Laela, Sri; Anna Keliat, Budi; Mustikasari

2018-02-01

The parents of premature baby tend to be at risk undergoing postpartum blues and anxiety. It is due to many problems faced by postpartum mother of premature baby. This research is aim to identifying influence of thought stopping and supportive therapy of postpartum blues and anxiety parents of premature babies. This is quantitative with quasi-experiment with control group pretest-posttest design and consecutive sampling method. Sample in this research are 62 postpartum mothers of premature babies in perinatal NICU (neonatal intensive care unit). The results show that there is significant decrease of postpartum blues and anxiety (p value = 0.000) in the group that was treated by using nursing intervention, thought stopping and supportive therapy and greater significant decrease than the group that was only treated by nursing intervention. Thought stopping and supportive therapy are able to decrease postpartum blues and anxiety parents of premature babies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Performance of two hearing screening protocols in NICU in Shanghai.

PubMed

Xu, Zheng-Min; Cheng, Wen-Xia; Yang, Xiao-Lin

2011-10-01

To study the sensitivity and specificity of targeted neonatal hearing screening for the single-session distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) technique and the combined DPOAE/automated auditory brain-stem response (AABR) technique. 3000 high-risk newborns were studied at Children's Hospital of Fudan University. They were required to take two different screening procedures separately. The first procedure consisted of DPOAE alone and the second consisted of DPOAE combined with the AABR. Based upon the etiology in high-risk babies, they were divided into four groups. In group I there were 670 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns (1340 ears), and in group II there were 890 preterm babies (1780 ears). 850 babies (1700 ears) suffered from hyperbilirubinemia in group III, whereas 790 babies (1580 ears) with asphyxia were in group IV. The babies in groups II, III, and IV came from the neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) of our hospital. The study protocols consisted of the DPOAE alone and DPOAE combined with AABR hearing screening at an age of less than 1 month, and a diagnostic stage at the age of 2 months. With single-session DPOAE screening, the referral rate (8% of the NICU babies), the false-positive rate (4.96%) and the false-negative rate (0.8%) were higher. The different etiologies in NICU babies had significantly different referral rates (F-test, p<0.01). A 4.46% referral rate of hyperbilirubinemi babies was much lower. The combined DPOAE/AABR screening technique revealed a referral rate of 5.03%, a false-positive rate of 2% and a false-negative rate of 0.06%. The false-positive rate was well below the suggested 3% of the American Academy of Pediatric. Comparisons of the referral rate, false-positive rate and false-negative rate of two hearing screening protocols (DPOAE alone and combined DPOAE/AABR) revealed significant differences (t-test, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01). 91 infants (3.03% of the NICU babies) who failed the combined DPOAE/AABR screening were confirmed on hearing impairment. Of 22 babies who passed DPOAE screening but failed the AABR screening had a severe to profound hearing loss based on classic ABR. These patients (24% of the NICU babies with hearing losses) with hyperbilirubinemia and asphyxia problems at newborn stage were diagnosed as auditory neuropathy based on evaluations of DPOAE screening passed, abnormal ABR and absent middle-ear muscle reflexes (MMR). Our study demonstrates the use of a combination of DPOAE and AABR testing ensures high sensitivity and acceptable specificity, and predict the AN profile in NICU babies. Our efforts identified 22 NICU babies with auditory neuropathy who hopefully will benefit from early remediation of their hearing deficit. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of kangaroo mother care on growth and development of low birthweight babies up to 12 months of age: a controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Bera, Alpanamayi; Ghosh, Jagabandhu; Singh, Arun K; Hazra, Avijit; Mukherjee, Suchandra; Mukherjee, Ranajit

2014-06-01

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a nonconventional low-cost method of newborn care. Our aim was to assess the effect of sustained KMC on the growth and development of low birthweight Indian babies up to the age of 12 months. We enrolled 500 mother and baby pairs, in groups of five, in a parallel group controlled clinical trial. The three infants with the lowest birthweight in each group received KMC, while the other two received conventional care. All babies were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Babies in the intervention group were provided KMC until the infant was 40 weeks of corrected gestation or weighed 2500 g. Weight, length and head, chest and arm circumferences were evaluated at birth and at the corrected ages of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Development was assessed using the Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII) at 12 months. The KMC babies rapidly achieved physical growth parameters similar to the control babies at 40 weeks of corrected age. But after that, they surpassed them, despite being smaller at birth. DASII motor and mental development quotients were also significantly better for KMC babies. The infants in the KMC group showed better physical growth and development than the conventional control group. ©2014 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Linking Data for Mothers and Babies in De-Identified Electronic Health Data

PubMed Central

Gilbert, Ruth; Cromwell, David; van der Meulen, Jan

2016-01-01

Objective Linkage of longitudinal administrative data for mothers and babies supports research and service evaluation in several populations around the world. We established a linked mother-baby cohort using pseudonymised, population-level data for England. Design and Setting Retrospective linkage study using electronic hospital records of mothers and babies admitted to NHS hospitals in England, captured in Hospital Episode Statistics between April 2001 and March 2013. Results Of 672,955 baby records in 2012/13, 280,470 (42%) linked deterministically to a maternal record using hospital, GP practice, maternal age, birthweight, gestation, birth order and sex. A further 380,164 (56%) records linked using probabilistic methods incorporating additional variables that could differ between mother/baby records (admission dates, ethnicity, 3/4-character postcode district) or that include missing values (delivery variables). The false-match rate was estimated at 0.15% using synthetic data. Data quality improved over time: for 2001/02, 91% of baby records were linked (holding the estimated false-match rate at 0.15%). The linked cohort was representative of national distributions of gender, gestation, birth weight and maternal age, and captured approximately 97% of births in England. Conclusion Probabilistic linkage of maternal and baby healthcare characteristics offers an efficient way to enrich maternity data, improve data quality, and create longitudinal cohorts for research and service evaluation. This approach could be extended to linkage of other datasets that have non-disclosive characteristics in common. PMID:27764135

Mothers' lived experiences of co-care and part-care after birth, and their strong desire to be close to their baby.

PubMed

Erlandsson, Kerstin; Fagerberg, Ingegerd

2005-06-01

To describe how mothers of premature or sick mature babies, experienced the care and their own state of health after birth in postnatal care in a neonatal co-care ward. A Husserlian phenomenology method inspired by Giorgi was used. Six mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured, open-ended interview guide. A neonatal ward using a concept of co-care for premature or sick mature babies and their mothers. In essence, mothers felt that, whatever the circumstances, they wanted to be close to their babies. It was the mother's experience that the organisation, staff or other circumstances prolonged the separation from her baby. The mother experienced the separation from the baby intensely during the first days after birth (even for a short period of time); after returning home, they had still not come to terms with it. The mothers regarded the entire stay in hospital as one event; they did not differentiate between wards or ward staff in the delivery, maternity or neonatal wards. All mothers in the study had, therefore, also experienced part-care for shorter or longer periods when separated from their baby, being then later reunited in co-care. This study can be used as a basis for discussion on more individualised care through co-operation and organisation between delivery, maternity and neonatal wards, in order to reduce the amount of time mother and baby are separated.

The significance of supportive and undermining elements in the maternal representations of an unborn baby.

PubMed

Rusanen, E; Lahikainen, A R; Pölkki, P; Saarenpää-Heikkilä, O; Paavonen, E J

2018-07-01

The maternal representations of an unborn baby begin to develop during pregnancy. However, the factors that moderate them are not well identified. The objective of this study was to jointly explore supportive and undermining factors in the maternal representations of an unborn baby and motherhood. Cross-sectional data comprising 1646 women studied during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal expectations were measured using a 12-item self-report questionnaire, Mother's Representations about an Unborn Baby. Depression, anxiety, family atmosphere and adult attachment were measured using standardised questionnaires. Statistical analysis is based on multivariate linear regression analysis. The most powerful predictors of a mother's prenatal expectations were the mother's educational status, age, closeness in adult relationships, higher levels of depressive symptoms and family atmosphere. In accordance with our hypothesis, depression was related to the mother's more negative expectations on their relationship with the unborn baby and on regularity in the baby's sleeping and eating patterns. A positive family atmosphere and the mother's ability for closeness and dependence (i.e. confidence) in adult relationships were related to more positive expectations of the mother-unborn baby relationship. On the other hand, stress, anxiety and adverse life events were not related to the mother's expectations of her unborn baby. The results may be helpful in identifying families who need early professional support and call for studies where the prenatal phase is explored as a proactive phase for the development of the child-parent relationship.

Infant Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North, A. Frederick

This new addition of a government pamphlet is a guide offering advice and information to new parents. Sections include: You and Your New Baby (handling the baby, care of the mother, feeding, etc.); First Weeks at Home (equipment, formula preparation, bathing, sleeping, crying, colic, etc.); After the First Weeks (temperament, "difficult" babies,…

Travel behavior of the aging boomers : evidence from naturally occurring retirement communities (phase IV).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-03-01

This project represented ongoing research into the relationship of the built environment and : travel behavior of older baby boomers(for the purposes of the research, we focus on baby : boomers aged 55 to 64, so-called leading edge baby boomers...

Feeding Your 4- to 7-Month-Old

MedlinePlus

... Search English Español Feeding Your 4- to 7-Month-Old KidsHealth / For Parents / Feeding Your 4- to 7-Month-Old What's in this article? Is My Baby ... solid foods when a baby is about 6 months old, depending on the baby's readiness and nutritional ...

The Sociocognitive Determinates of HIV/AIDS Prevention Behaviors among Baby Boomers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haynes, Carion R.

2016-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is steadily increasing among the baby boom population. Among this population, there is a gap between knowledge and behavioral choices. HIV risk perception is multifaceted and shaped by different sociodemographic factors. Baby boomers' perception of risk and sociocognitive determinates that impact their decision…

Teenagers and Their Babies: A Perinatal Home Visitor's Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cardone, Ida; Gilkerson, Linda; Wechsler, Nick

2008-01-01

"Teenagers and Their Babies" is a self-study and preparation guide for paraprofessional home-based visitors to engage expectant and new parents in an exploration of their baby's development and their expectations for parenthood. The guide includes service interventions--strategies, techniques, and activities--for home visitors and doulas to use…

Designer Babies: Eugenics Repackaged or Consumer Options?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baird, Stephen L.

2007-01-01

"Designer babies" is a term used by journalists and commentators--not by scientists--to describe several different reproductive technologies. These technologies have one thing in common: they give parents more control over what their offspring will be like. Designer babies are made possible by progress in three fields: (1) Advanced…

Safe Sleep for Your Baby: Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Causes of Infant Death

MedlinePlus

... Fast facts about SIDS: SIDS is the leading cause of death in babies 1 month to 1 year of ... baby to die suddenly and unexpectedly. Sleep-related causes of infant death are those linked to how or where a ...

Teen Moms and Babies Benefit from Camping.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goode, Marsha; Broesamle, Barbara

1987-01-01

Describes nine-day residential camp for Michigan teenage mothers/babies to enhance personal growth and develop responsible social skills. Outlines goals, pre-camp planning, staff, activities, evaluation. Reports 31 teen moms (ages 13-21) and 35 babies attended in 1986. Indicates participants were in therapy, experienced abuse, had low self-esteem,…

Pedagogy with Babies: Perspectives of Eight Nursery Managers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elfer, Peter; Page, Jools

2015-01-01

The last 30 years have seen a significant increase in babies attending nursery, with corresponding questions about the aims and organisation of practice. Research broadly agrees on the importance of emotionally consistent, sensitive and responsive interactions between staff and babies. Policy objectives for nursery and expectations of parents and…

76 FR 63931 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-14

... the National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies coalition (HMHB), Text4baby is intended to help women have safe and healthy pregnancies by empowering them with information they need to give their babies... agencies, corporations, academic institutions, professional associations, and non-profit organizations. The...

Grow, Baby, Grow

Cancer.gov

Maybe you quit smoking during your pregnancy. Or maybe you struggled and weren’t able to stay quit. Now that your baby is here, trying to stay away from smoking is still important. That’s because the chemicals in smoke can make it harder for your baby to grow like he or she should.

Alkaptonuria diagnosed in a 4-month-old baby girl: a case report

PubMed Central

Datta, Asok K; Mandal, Syamali; Dasgupta, Anindya; Ghosh, Tarun K

2008-01-01

The mother of a four month old female baby attended in the well baby clinic with the complaint of black staining of the diaper after few minutes of urination. The baby was born of a non consanguineous marriage, healthy and breast fed. Mother noticed that stain first at the age of two and half month. The urine when kept in a test tube for two hours turned black. Laboratory examination of urine revealed increased concentration of homogentisic acid. The patient was diagnosed as alkaptonuria. PMID:19014543

Serious game e-Baby: nursing students' perception on learning about preterm newborn clinical assessment.

PubMed

Fonseca, Luciana Mara Monti; Aredes, Natália Del' Angelo; Dias, Danielle Monteiro Vilela; Scochi, Carmen Gracinda Silvan; Martins, José Carlos Amado; Rodrigues, Manuel Alves

2015-01-01

To evaluate students opinion regarding e-Baby educational technology. Exploratory descriptive study in which participated a sample composed of 14 nursing Portuguese students that used e-Baby digital educational technology in an extracurricular course. To achieve the aim of the study, the data collection was realized through an opinion instrument in Likert scale including the possibility of commentaries by students. Is was also collected data of participants' characterization. Students made very satisfactory evaluations regarding the game e-Baby, varying since usability acceptation through suggestions of expansion of the game to other nursing themes. Serious game e-Baby can be considered a didactic innovation and motivator tool of learning. Besides, it demonstrates have adequate interface in design and educative function aspects, evocating intense interaction between user and computational tool.

Are Baby Boomers Who Care for their Older Parents Planning for their Own Future Long-Term Care Needs?

PubMed Central

FINKELSTEIN, EMILY S.; REID, M. CARRINGTON; KLEPPINGER, ALISON; PILLEMER, KARL; ROBISON, JULIE

2013-01-01

A rapidly expanding number of baby boomers provide care to aging parents. This study examines associations between caregiver status and outcomes related to awareness and anticipation of future long-term care (LTC) needs using 2007 Connecticut Long-Term Care Needs Assessment survey data. Baby boomers who were adult child caregivers (n = 353) vs. baby boomers who were not (n = 1242) were more likely to anticipate some future LTC needs and to have considered certain financing strategies. Although baby boomer adult child caregivers more readily anticipate some future LTC needs, they are not taking specific actions. It is important to address the need for public education directed towards those who are currently (or have recently completed) caring for aging parents. PMID:22239280

Incidence of mitral valve prolapse in one hundred clinically stable newborn baby girls: an echocardiographic study.

PubMed

Chandraratna, P A; Vlahovich, G; Kong, Y; Wilson, D

1979-09-01

Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed on 100 clinically stable, newborn baby girls. Mitral valve prolapse was noted on the echocardiograms of seven babies. Three subjects had systolic clicks, two of whom had systolic murmurs following the click. The four other babies who had echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse had no abnormal auscultatory signs. Of the 93 babies without evidence of mitral prolapse, 91 had normal echocardiograms and auscultatory features; one was noted to have a murmur consistent with a ventricular septal defect, and another had an eccentric aortic valve on the echocardiogram which was suggestive of a bicuspid aortic valve. Serial studies on our group of subjects will yield useful information regarding the natural history of mitral valve prolapse.

Mammography screening trends: the perspective of African American women born pre/post World War II.

PubMed

Williams, Karen Patricia; Mabiso, Athur; Lo, Yun-Jia; Penner, Louis A

2010-06-01

Researchers have traditionally combined aging women (aged > or =50 years) when reporting their mammography use. This may inadvertently mask important cohort effects in mammography use, which are likely to result from distinct personal life experiences and generational differences. Using the Health and Retirement Study samples of 1998, 2000, and 2004, we examined cohort differences in mammography use between African American women born before 1946 (non-baby boomers) and those born in 1946 to 1953 (baby boomers). Between 1998 and 2004, screening rates for non-baby boomers declined, while those for baby boomers remained relatively steady. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses suggest that while screening rates decreased with age (OR, 0.957; 95% CI, 0.947-0.968) cohort effects may have partially reversed the age effect, with non-baby boomers having an increased likelihood of receiving a mammogram compared to baby boomers (OR, 1.697; 95% CI, 1.278-2.254). Because African American women are diagnosed at later stages of breast cancer, documentation of cohort differences in mammography use among older African American women is important as health care professionals design intervention programs that are maximally effective for women from different cohorts. This is particularly critical as more African American women in the baby boomer cohort become part of the aging population.

Time to Send the Preemie Home? Additional Maturity at Discharge and Subsequent Health Care Costs and Outcomes

PubMed Central

Silber, Jeffrey H; Lorch, Scott A; Rosenbaum, Paul R; Medoff-Cooper, Barbara; Bakewell-Sachs, Susan; Millman, Andrea; Mi, Lanyu; Even-Shoshan, Orit; Escobar, Gabriel J

2009-01-01

Objective To determine whether longer stays of premature infants allowing for increased physical maturity result in subsequent postdischarge cost savings that help counterbalance increased inpatient costs. Data Sources One thousand four hundred and two premature infants born in the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program between 1998 and 2002. Study Design/Methods Using multivariate matching with a time-dependent propensity score we matched 701 “Early” babies to 701 “Late” babies (developmentally similar at the time the earlier baby was sent home but who were discharged on average 3 days later) and assessed subsequent costs and clinical outcomes. Principal Findings Late babies accrued inpatient costs after the Early baby was already home, yet costs after discharge through 6 months were virtually identical across groups, as were clinical outcomes. Overall, after the Early baby went home, the Late–Early cost difference was $5,016 (p<.0001). A sensitivity analysis suggests our conclusions would not easily be altered by failure to match on some unmeasured covariate. Conclusions In a large integrated health care system, if a baby is ready for discharge (as defined by the typical criteria), staying longer increased inpatient costs but did not reduce postdischarge costs nor improve postdischarge clinical outcomes. PMID:19207592

Preoperative vaginal preparation with baby shampoo compared with povidone-iodine before gynecologic procedures.

PubMed

Lewis, Linda A; Lathi, Ruth B; Crochet, Patrice; Nezhat, Camran

2007-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative infection rates between patients receiving either povidone-iodine (PI) or baby shampoo vaginal preparations before gynecologic surgery. Cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). University referral center for gynecologic endoscopy. All patients underwent minimally invasive gynecologic surgery including hysteroscopy or laparoscopy. The agents used for vaginal preparation were either baby shampoo in a 1:1 dilution with sterile normal saline solution or PI 7.5% scrub solution. Charts were reviewed for evidence of infection within 30 days of surgery (symptoms of urinary tract infection, abdominal or vaginal wound infections, temperature > 100.4 degrees F, and fungal or bacterial vaginitis). A total of 249 cases were collected; 96 subjects underwent surgery before the change to baby shampoo and 153 subjects after. Both groups were well matched for the types of surgery performed, age, risk factors for postoperative infections, and the postoperative diagnosis. The infection rates were 14/96 (14.6%) with PI preparation versus 18/153 (11.8%) with baby shampoo (p = .52). Baby shampoo should be studied as an alternative to PI because it is a nonirritating, inexpensive mild detergent. This preliminary study suggests that baby shampoo is as effective as PI in preventing postoperative infection.

In vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated ovaries in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PubMed

Zhao, Jun-Zhao; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Wei; Ge, Hong-Shan; Huang, Xue-Feng; Lin, Jin-Ju

2009-06-01

To evaluate the effects of in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated ovaries in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retrospective study. Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, People's Republic of China. One hundred eighteen women with PCOS undergoing 152 cycles of in vitro maturation treatment. Oocyte retrieval was carried out by ultrasound-guided puncture on days 9-14 of the cycle. The oocytes were cultured in vitro using maturation culture medium, which consisted of M-199 + 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + 75 mIU/mL recombinant FSH +/- 0.5 IU/mL hCG. After the oocytes had matured in vitro, fertilization and embryo transfer were performed. Rates of clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, and live birth. Relatively optimal laboratory results were obtained in this study. Embryo transfer was performed in 140 cycles, with a clinical pregnancy rate (PR) of 40.0% per transfer. Fifty-six babies have been born and there are 10 ongoing pregnancies. The overall multiple PR was 33.93%. Our results show that using in vitro matured oocytes from unstimulated ovaries could be offered as an alternative to conventional IVF in women with PCOS, and future work should address ways to decrease the incidence of multiple pregnancies.

Familial 4.3 Mb duplication of 21q22 sheds new light on the Down syndrome critical region

PubMed Central

Ronan, Anne; Fagan, Kerry; Christie, Louise; Conroy, Jeffrey; Nowak, Norma J; Turner, Gillian

2007-01-01

A 4.3 Mb duplication of chromosome 21 bands q22.13–q22.2 was diagnosed by interphase fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) in a 31‐week gestational age baby with cystic hygroma and hydrops; the duplication was later found in the mother and in her 8‐year‐old daughter by the same method and confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH). All had the facial gestalt of Down syndrome (DS). This is the smallest accurately defined duplication of chromosome 21 reported with a DS phenotype. The duplication encompasses the gene DYRK1 but not DSCR1 or DSCAM, all of which have previously been implicated in the causation of DS. Previous karyotype analysis and telomere screening of the mother, and karyotype analysis and metaphase FISH of a chorionic villus sample, had all failed to reveal the duplication. The findings in this family add to the identification and delineation of a “critical region” for the DS phenotype on chromosome 21. Cryptic chromosomal abnormalities can be missed on a routine karyotype for investigation of abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings, lending support to the use of aCGH analysis in this setting. PMID:17237124

Apunipima baby basket program: a retrospective cost study.

PubMed

Edmunds, Kim; Searles, Andrew; Neville, Johanna; Ling, Rod; McCalman, Janya; Mein, Jacki

2016-11-03

The Baby Basket initiative was developed by Apunipima Cape York Health Council (ACYHC) to address poor maternal and child health (MCH) in Cape York, the northernmost region of Queensland. While positive outcomes for Indigenous MCH programs are reported in the literature, few studies have a strong evidence base or employ a sound methodological approach to evaluation. The aim of the cost study is to identify the resources required to deliver the Baby Basket program in the remote communities of Cape York. It represents an initial step in the economic evaluation of the Apunipima Baby Basket program. The aim of this study was to report whether the current program represents an effective use of scarce resources. The cost study was conducted from the perspective of the health providers and reflects the direct resources required to deliver the Baby Basket program to 170 women across 11 communities represented by ACYHC. A flow diagram informed by interviews with ACYHC staff, administrative documents and survey feedback was used to map the program pathway and measure resource use. Monetary values, in 2013 Australian dollars, were applied to the resources used to deliver the Baby Basket program for one year. The total cost of delivering the Baby Basket progam to 170 participants in Cape York was $148,642 or approximately, $874 per participant. The analysis allowed for the cost of providing the Baby Baskets to remote locations and the time for health workers to engage with women and thereby encourage a relationship with the health service. Routinely collected data showed improved engagement between expectant women and the health service during the life of the program. The Apunipima Baby Basket cost study identifies the resources required to deliver this program in remote communities of Cape York and provides a framework that will support prospective data collection of more specific outcome data, for future cost-effectiveness analyses and cost-benefit analyses. An investment of $874 per Baby Basket participant was associated with improved engagement with the health service, an important factor in maternal and child health.

Mothers' birth weight and survival of their offspring: population based study.

PubMed

Skjaerven, R; Wilcox, A J; Oyen, N; Magnus, P

1997-05-10

To test the hypothesis that a baby's survival is related to the mother's birth weight. Population based dataset for two generations. Population registry in Norway. All birth records for women born in Norway since 1967 were linked to births during 1981-94, thereby forming 105104 mother-offspring units. Perinatal mortality specific for weight for offspring in groups of maternal birth weight (with 500 g categories in both). A mother's birth weight was strongly associated with the weight of her baby. Maternal birth weight was associated with perinatal survival of her baby only for mothers with birth weights under 2000 g. These mothers were more likely to lose a baby in the perinatal period (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.7). Among mothers with a birth weight over 2000 g there was no overall association between mother's weight and infant survival. There was, however, a strong interaction between mother's birth weight, infant birth weight, and infant survival. Mortality among small babies was much higher for those whose mothers had been large at birth. For example, babies weighing 2500-2999 g had a threefold higher mortality if their mother's birth weight had been high (> or = 4000 g) than if the mother had been small (2500-2999 g). Mothers who weighed less than 2000 g at birth have a higher risk of losing their own babies. For mothers who weighed > or = 2000 g their birth weight provides a benchmark for judging the growth of their offspring. Babies who are small relative to their mother's birth weight are at increased risk of mortality.

Protecting and improving breastfeeding practices during a major emergency: lessons learnt from the baby tents in Haiti.

PubMed

Ayoya, Mohamed Ag; Golden, Kate; Ngnie-Teta, Ismael; Moreaux, Marjolein D; Mamadoultaibou, Aissa; Koo, Leslie; Boyd, Erin; Beauliere, Jean Max; Lesavre, Celine; Marhone, Joseline Pierre

2013-08-01

The 2010 earthquake in Haiti displaced about 1.5 million people, many of them into camps for internally displaced persons. It was expected that disruption of breastfeeding practices would lead to increased infant morbidity, malnutrition and mortality. Haiti's health ministry and the United Nations Children's Fund, in collaboration with local and international nongovernmental organizations, established baby tents in the areas affected by the earthquake. The tents provided a safe place for mothers to breastfeed and for non-breastfed infants to receive ready-to-use infant formula. Such a large and coordinated baby tent response in an emergency context had never been mounted before anywhere in the world. Baby tents were set up in five cities but mainly in Port-au-Prince, where the majority of Haiti's 1555 camps for displaced persons had been established. Between February 2010 and June 2012, 193 baby tents were set up; 180 499 mother-infant pairs and 52 503 pregnant women were registered in the baby tent programme. Of infants younger than 6 months, 70% were reported to be exclusively breastfed and 10% of the "mixed feeders" moved to exclusive breastfeeding while enrolled. In 2010, 13.5% of registered infants could not be breastfed. These infants received ready-to-use infant formula. Thanks to rapid programme scale-up, breastfeeding practices remained undisrupted. However, better evaluation methods and comprehensive guidance on the implementation and monitoring of baby tents are needed for future emergencies, along with a clear strategy for transitioning baby tent activities into facility and community programmes.

Hearing impairment in preterm very low birthweight babies detected at term by brainstem auditory evoked responses.

PubMed

Jiang, Z D; Brosi, D M; Wilkinson, A R

2001-12-01

Seventy preterm babies who were born with a birthweight <1500 g were studied with brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) at 37-42 wk of postconceptional age. The data were compared with those of normal term neonates to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in preterm very low birthweight (VLBW) babies when they reached term. The BAER was recorded with click stimuli at 21 s(-1). Wave I and V latencies increased significantly (ANOVA p < 0.01 and 0.001). I-V and III-V intervals also increased significantly (p < 0.05 and 0.001). Wave V amplitude and V/I amplitude ratio did not differ significantly from those in the normal term controls. Ten of the 70 VLBW babies had a significant elevation in BAER threshold (>30 dB normal hearing level). Eleven had an increase in I-V interval (>2.5 SD above the mean in the normal controls) and one had a decrease in V/I amplitude ratio (<0.45). These results suggest that 14% (10/70) of the VLBW babies had a peripheral hearing impairment and 17% (12/70) a central impairment. Three babies had both an increase in I-V interval and an elevation in BAER threshold, suggesting that 4% (3/70) had both peripheral and central impairments. Thus, the total prevalence of hearing impairment was 27% (19/70). About one in four preterm VLBW babies has peripheral and/or central hearing impairment at term. VLBW and its associated unfavourable perinatal factors predispose the babies to hearing impairment.

Desperately seeking parenthood: neonatal nurses reflect on parental anguish.

PubMed

Green, Janet; Darbyshire, Philip; Adams, Anne; Jackson, Debra

2015-07-01

This paper aims to explore the ways in which neonatal nurses understand the experience of parents who have experienced infertility, conceived a baby via in vitro fertilisation and delivered an extremely premature infant. The chance of a poor long-term outcome for the baby is significant; therefore, parental anguish plays out in the neonatal intensive care. Current literature suggests that infertility is a significant issue for ageing women and many couples experience multiple cycles of invitro-fertilisation (IVF) treatment to achieve a pregnancy. Babies conceived through IVF are more likely to have genetic disorders, and be born prematurely. When the baby is born through IVF and is also born extremely prematurely, it creates a crisis situation for the parents. This paper will focus on the parental anguish of achieving a pregnancy through IVF to see the baby born extremely prematurely (defined as ≤ 24-week gestation). It will examine parental anguish from caregiver perspective of the neonatal nurse who supports the parents through this very difficult time. This study used interviews with neonatal nurses, and drew insights from interpretative phenomenology. This research used a combination of a questionnaire and a series of interviews in a qualitative study informed by phenomenology. The analysis of the interview data involved the creation of key themes following extensive coding of thematic statements and the analysis of the emerging themes. This paper outlines the neonatal nurses' understanding of parental anguish and overwhelming sadness in parents whose baby was conceived by IVF, and was also born extremely prematurely. The theme of 'seeking parenthood' was synthesised from two sub-themes - 'longing for a baby' and 'the desperation to become parents'. This study identified that neonatal nurses bear witness to parental anguish as their hopes of taking home a live baby might not be realised. The time, effort and money required to achieve a pregnancy does not mean that the baby will be spared the outcomes of extreme prematurity and the risk factors associated with IVF. The parents may be left empty handed. Therefore, the word precious becomes a metaphor for the IVF baby as the neonatal team try desperately to give the parents their much longed baby. Delayed child bearing has an impact on fertility, with maternal age having the most impact on the ability to conceive. Babies conceived through IVF technologies have a higher risk of genetic abnormalities and being born prematurely, and this will impact on the neonatal intensive care availability. Extreme prematurity and IVF can significantly impact on the baby's outcome. Witnessing parental anguish can be a major source of stress for the neonatal nurses. Neonatal nurses need to develop strategies not only to help the parents but also to prevent the parents' overwhelming sadness from affecting their ability to function in the neonatal intensive care unit. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Infants and Toddlers: Soothing and Comforting Babies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honig, Alice Sterling

2004-01-01

Babies thrive on security. In early months, secure feelings stem from being warm, cuddled closely, and comfortable in their tummies (and in having clean bottoms!). In this article, the author discusses how to soothe infants and toddlers. The strategies to help ease babies' distress are described. Some of the recommended strategies include: (1) to…

The Crossover Generation: Baby Boomers and the Role of the Public Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Kirsty; Bannister, Marion; Sullivan, Jen

2010-01-01

The article explores the concept of baby boomers as a "crossover" generation, one that embodies characteristics of previous and later generations. The context is the retirement of the baby boomers and its potential impact on the public library. Ethnographic method within a constructivist framework was used, employing the techniques of…

Books and DVDs Offer Excellent Resources for Childbirth Education Classes

PubMed Central

Shilling, Teri

2006-01-01

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on the second edition of The Labor Progress Handbook, a book by Penny Simkin and Ruth Ancheta; What Babies Want, a documentary directed by Debby Takikawa; A Pleasing Birth, a book by Raymond De Vries; and Baby Tata, a DVD production by Baby Tata LLC.

Baby Boom Equals Career Bust. Monographs on Career Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Charles Guy

Presenting the Baby Boom (1946-1965) as both a potential social problem and opportunity for American leadership, this monograph discusses the following aspects of this population concern: (1) its immediate and long-term impact on career opportunities for those college graduates who make up the baby boom generation; (2) its impact on those whose…

"Babies Grow a Long Time": A Preschool Project about Babies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, Andromahi

2012-01-01

This article describes a project related to babies undertaken by preschoolers in a university-affiliated child care center in the Midwest. Following a description of the class, the author discusses the three phases of the project. Photographs taken during the project are included throughout the article. The article concludes with the author's…

Infants' Attention to Synthesised Baby Music and Original Acoustic Music

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merkow, Carla H.; Costa-Giomi, Eugenia

2014-01-01

The distinct music genre known as baby music is based on the premise that infants benefit from music "re-orchestrated for their little ears" ("Baby Einstein Takealong Tunes". (2012). Retrieved December 11, 2012, from http://www.babyeinstein.com/en/products/product_explorer/theme/music/62350/Takealong_Tunes.html). We completed a…

Breech Babies: What Can I Do If My Baby Is Breech?

MedlinePlus

... uterus. One option is to rest in the child’s pose for 10 to 15 minutes. A second option is to gently rock back and forth on your hands and knees. You also can make circles with your pelvis to promote activity. Music: Certain sounds may appeal to your baby. Place ...

Baby Boomers and Community College: A Study of Motivations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cunningham, DiAnne H.

2009-01-01

Scope and method of study. This descriptive case study was designed to describe the critical issues surrounding Baby Boomers and their motivations to attend community college, in addition to their perceptions of learning and curriculum needs. Additionally the study explored what these Baby Boomers plan to do after completing their courses and…

Babies' Self-Regulation: Taking a Broad Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elliot, Enid; Gonzalez-Mena, Janet

2011-01-01

Self-regulation is a complex process that involves coordinating various systems of the body and mind, including feelings. It's not only about emotions but also about cognition. Self-regulation has an impact on social development, influencing how babies and toddlers get along with others. Through self-regulation, babies and toddlers learn to pay…

Healthy Start, Grow Smart: Your Newborn.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

This booklet offers guidance to parents in caring for their newborn babies. Advice is given on the following topics: (1) newborn health screening; (2) what a healthy newborn looks like; (3) newborn reflexes; (4) baby checkups; (5) fathers' role; (6) the baby blues; (7) sleeping position; (8) breast milk; (9) breast feeding; (10) bottle feeding;…

77 FR 43811 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request-Safety Standards for Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

... CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request--Safety Standards for Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs; Compliance Form AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC or Commission) announces...